Tlatsetso ea thobalano lipotsong tsa banna: liphello tsa boiphihlelo ba ho kopanela liphate maemong a khetholloeng a sebaka se amanang le ejaculation le intromissions (2009)

Horm Behav. 2009 Jan; 55 (1): 93-7. Doi: 10.1016 / j.yhbeh.2008.08.012. Epub 2008 Sep 12.

Tenk CM1, Wilson H, Zhang Q, Pitchers KK, Coolen LM.

inahaneloang

Mefuta e fapa-fapaneng ea boits'oaro le lithuto li fane ka bopaki bo bontšang hore boitšoaro ba thobalano ba banna bo na le thepa e khotsofatsang le e matlafatsang. Leha ho le joalo, ho na le tlhaiso-leseling e fokolang mabapi le boleng bo putsa ba likarolo tse fapaneng tsa boitšoaro ba thobalano. Ka hona, thuto ena e sebelisitse paradigm ea sebaka se ikhethileng ho sebetsana le hore na kemolo ea tlhaho le lihlahisoa li fapana ka litekanyetso tsa bona tsa khothatso. Re boetse ra bua hore na boleng bo fapaneng ba moputso bo ne bo itšetlehile ka boiphihlelo ba pele ba thobalano. Ka thobalano banna le boiphihlelo ba batona ba amohetse pairing e le 'ngoe ea ho kenella kapa ho phunyelletsa le e' ngoe ea likamore tse ka lebokoseng la CPP. Nako e sebelisitsoeng kamoreng e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea lisebelisoa tsa CPP ka mor'a ho lekanya e ile ea lekanyetsoa. Ba batona le balekane ba nang le thobalano ba kopaneng ba bile le thobalano ba thehile CPP bakeng sa ho natefisoa, athe balekane feela ba thobalano, mme ba se nang thobalano, banna ba thehile CPP bakeng sa ho kenella. Ho feta moo, ho ba batona ba basali ba thobalano, ho phahama ka makhetlo a mangata ka kamoreng e boletsoeng ho felletse ka hore ho be le CPP e amanang le phaposi ea taolo e pakiloeng ka lipontšo. Lintlha tsena li tšehetsa khopolo ea hore ho na le karolo e phahameng ea boitšoaro bo khotsofatsang ba thobalano, 'me e le karolo ea moputso ho fetisisa, le hore boleng bo khothatsang ba likarolo tse ling tsa boitšoaro ba thobalano bo itšetlehile ka boiphihlelo ba pele ba thobalano.

Moetso oa khatiso oa ho qetela oa mohatisi o fumaneha ho Horm Behav
Sheba lihlooho tse ling ho PMC hore Qotsa sehlooho se hatisitsoeng.

inahaneloang

Mefuta e fapa-fapaneng ea boits'oaro le lithuto li fane ka bopaki bo bontšang hore boitšoaro ba thobalano ba banna bo na le thepa e khotsofatsang le e matlafatsang. Leha ho le joalo, ho na le tlhaiso-leseling e fokolang mabapi le boleng bo putsa ba likarolo tse fapaneng tsa boitšoaro ba thobalano. Ka hona, thuto ena e sebelisitse paradigm ea sebaka se ikhethileng ho sebetsana le hore na kemolo ea tlhaho le lihlahisoa li fapana ka litekanyetso tsa bona tsa khothatso. Re boetse ra bua hore na boleng bo fapaneng ba moputso bo ne bo itšetlehile ka boiphihlelo ba pele ba thobalano. Ka thobalano banna le boiphihlelo ba batona ba amohetse pairing e le 'ngoe ea ho kenella kapa ho phunyelletsa le e' ngoe ea likamore tse ka lebokoseng la CPP. Nako e sebelisitsoeng kamoreng e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea lisebelisoa tsa CPP ka mor'a ho lekanya e ile ea lekanyetsoa. Ba batona le balekane ba nang le thobalano ba kopaneng ba bile le thobalano ba thehile CPP bakeng sa ho natefisoa, athe, ke baetsana feela ba thobalano, mme ba sena thobalano, banna ba thehile CPP bakeng sa ho kenella. Ho feta moo, ho ba batona ba basali ba thobalano, ho phahama ka makhetlo a mangata ka kamoreng e boletsoeng ho felletse ka hore ho be le CPP e amanang le phaposi ea taolo e pakiloeng ka lipontšo. Lintlha tsena li tšehetsa khopolo ea hore ho na le karolo e phahameng ea boitšoaro bo khotsofatsang ba thobalano, 'me e le karolo ea moputso ho fetisisa, le hore boleng bo khothatsang ba likarolo tse ling tsa boitšoaro ba thobalano bo itšetlehile ka boiphihlelo ba pele ba thobalano.

Keywords: moputso, sebaka se ratoang sebaka, ho qopitsoa, ​​boitšoaro ba thobalano, thuto e amanang

Selelekela

Litorong tsa banna, boitšoaro ba thobalano ke mokhoa o khotsofatsang le o matlafatsang, o kopantsoeng le lintho tse fapaneng, ho kenyelletsa lipatlisiso tsa tlatsetso, litheko, ho kenella le ho nyamela. Ejaculation e bonahala e le eona ntho e matlafatsang ho feta ea boitšoaro ba thobalano (Coolen et al., 2004; bakeng sa tlhahlobo Pfaus le Phillips, 1991). Mohlala, ho fapana le ba batona ba lumelloang ho kenella feela kapa ho hloa, empa ba sa tsoe, banna ba lumelletsoeng ho kopanya kemiso e entsoe ka lebelo le potlakileng la T-mazes (Kagan, 1955), tsela e otlolohileng letsoho le leng (Lopez et al., 1955), kapa ho hloella litsietsi (Sheffield et al., 1951). Ntle le moo, ejaculation e bohlokoa bakeng sa ho theoa ha litakatso tsa maemo a kopanetsoeng. Ka mantsoe a mang, ho tloaelana le monko o monate oa maikutlo le mosali ea amohelang molaetsa ho lebisa ho khethoeng, le ho tataisetsoa boitšoaro ba thobalano ho bona, mosali ea nang le semelo se tšoanang ho banna ba lumelloang ho ikopanya, empa eseng ho banna ba lumelletsoeng ho bonts'a li-inturbation ntle le kemiso (Kippin le Pfaus, 2001).

Melemo e atlehileng ea ho qopitsa e bontšitsoe ka tšebeliso ea sebaka se ikhethileng (CPP) paradigm (Pfaus le Phillips, 1991). Paradigm ea mekhatlo ea CPP e nka likarabo ho susumetso ea tikoloho eo pele e neng e entsoe ka liketsahalo tse matlafatsang mme e ka sebelisoa ho lekola boleng ba ts'usumetso ea liketsahalo tsena tse lehlohonolo le sepheo se amanang le moputso (Carr et al., 1989). Lisebelisoa tse sebelisitsoeng ho bonts'a CPP hangata li na le likarolo tse arohaneng tse arohantsoeng ka mokhoa o fapaneng le ts'usumetso e se nang meeli: lehlakore le leng le ts'oaroe ka ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea kemiso, athe lehlakoreng le leng le ts'oantsoe le sena letho kapa thetso ea taolo. Ho joalo, likhoto tsa banna tse lumelloang ho tloaela mokhoa oa kemolo li rata ho rarahana bakeng sa karolo e ratoang ke sena (Agmo le Berenfeld, 1990; Martinez le Paredes, 2001). Leha ho le joalo, ha ho tsejoe hore na nts'etsopele ea CPP e its'etlehile ho pontšo ea kemiso, kapa haeba pontšo ea li-intromissions e lekane. Re tšela taba ea hore ho nthekoloha ho na le moputso o moholo ho bapisoa le likarolo tse ling tsa boitšoaro ba thobalano tse fuoeng lithuto tse fetileng tse bonts'ang litheko tsa eona tse kholo.

Kahoo, litekanyetso tsa hona joale tsa liteko li hlahlobisisitse hore na kemolo ea tikoloho e na le moputso o moholo ho feta pontšong ea maqhubu a mangata a sebelisang CPP paradigm. Ho feta moo, tšusumetso ea boiphihlelo ba botona le botšehali ho boleng bo ruisang ba ho kenella ka hare ho litho tsa mpa e fumanoe.

Lisebelisoa le mekhoa

Animals

Liroto tsa banna ba baholo tsa Sprague Dawley (250-350g) li fumanoe laboratoring ea Harlan (Indianapolis, IN, USA) kapa Charles River (Senneville, QC, Canada) mme li lula ka bolulong molemong oa nako ea 12-nako e khutlileng / lebone le lefifi (mabone ho tloha 10 hoseng ). Lijo le metsi li ne li fumaneha ka linako tsohle ntle le nakong ea tlhahlobo ea boitšoaro. Basali ba Stimulus ba ne ba ovariectomised mme ba kentsoe ka subcutaneous 5% 17-β-estradiol benzoate Silastic capsules (1.98 limilimithara tse kahare, bolelele ba 0.5 cm, Dow Corning Corporation, MI, USA). Boitšoaro ba thobalano bo ile ba hlohlelletsoa ke liente tsa "progesterone" (500 μg ho 0.1 ml ea oli ea sesame) hoo e ka bang lihora tse 'ne pele ho nako ea ho kopanya. Ts'ebetso tsohle li amohetsoe ke Komiti ea Tlhokomelo ea Liphoofolo le Ts'ebeliso ea Univesithi ea Cincinnati, Univesithi ea Western Ontario Tlhokomelo ea Liphoofolo, 'me e lumellana le tataiso ea NIH le CCAC e kenyeletsang liphoofolo tse amanang le liphoofolo tse amanang le liphoofolo tse amanang le lefu lena.

Lisebelisoa tse khethiloeng tsa sebaka

Lisebelisoa tse nang le maemo a boikhethelo (CPP) lisebelisoa (Med Associates, Vermont, USA) li ne li na le likamore tse peli tsa liteko (28 × 22 × 21 cm) tse arotsoeng ke komporo e bohareng (13 × 22 × 21 cm). Likamore li ne li khethollotsoe ke lithahasello tsa pono le tse litšila. Kamore e le 'ngoe ea liteko e ne e e-na le marako a masoeu' me e katiloe ka gridi ea tšepe, athe e 'ngoe e ne e e-na le marako a maputsoa le lipharafu tse tšoanang tsa katara. Kamore e bohareng e ne e e-na le marako a moriri o moputsoa le mokatong o boreleli oa bohlooho. Menyako ka mahlakoreng a mabeli a kamore e bohareng e ne e arola likamore, mme e ne e ka phahamisoa ho lumella liphoofolo hore li tsamaee ka bolokolohi lisebelisoa tsohle, kapa li theoleloe sebakeng se itseng.

Boemo ba boitšoaro le tlhahlobo

Liteko tsohle li etsahetse karolong e lefifi (lihora tse tharo ho isa ho tse tšeletseng kamora hore mabone a tima). Litakatso tsa mantlha tsa mantlha li ile tsa khethoa ka letsatsi la e 'ngoe ea liteko ke mokhabo o mong le o mong moo phoofolo e' ngoe le e 'ngoe e fuoeng phihlello ea mahala likamoreng tsohle tsa lisebelisoa tsa CPP tsa metsotso ea 15. Lingoloa li ile tsa buloa videot, 'me nako e sebelisitsoeng ka kamoreng e' ngoe le e 'ngoe e ile ea hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa Microscoft Excel Custom Macro Program. Phoofolo e ne e nkuoa e le teng ka phapusing haeba kutu eohle ea setopo, ho kenyeletsa letheka, e ne e le ka phapusing eo. Kamore eo phoofolo e sebelisang nako e nyane ho eona (lehlakore la pele le neng le sa khethoe) e ne e khethetsoe lehlakore le kopaneng le thobalano, 'me lehlakore le leng (lehlakore le neng le ratoe pele) le ne le khetheloa lehlakore le laoloang. Boemo bo etsahetse ka matsatsi a mabeli le a mararo. Ka letsatsi la maemo a thobalano, liphoofolo tse kopantsoeng le mosali ea amohelang kantle ho ntlo ea bona, li ile tsa fetisetsoa kamoreng e 'ngoe ka balekane ka lisebelisoa tsa CPP tsa metsotso ea 30. Nakong ea boemo ba maemo a taolo, liphoofolo li ne li nkuoa ka kotloloho ntlong ea tsona 'me li behiloe kamoreng ea taolo ea lisebelisoa tsa CPP bakeng sa metsotso ea 30. Halofo ea liphoofolo molemong o mong le o mong oa teko o ile a fuoa thobalano ka letsatsi la bobeli mme a beoa kamoreng ea taolo ka letsatsi la boraro. Liphoofolo tse setseng li ne li fuoe matla a ho laela ka letsatsi la bobeli le ho etsa thobalano ka letsatsi la boraro. Kamora teko ena ea boemo bo le bong (e nang le matsatsi a mabeli a ho beha maemo), khetho ea liphoofolo bakeng sa likamore e ile ea boela ea hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa poso ka la ho qetela, letsatsi la bone, le neng le ts'oana hantle le moetlo.

Moralo oa liteko

Ho ile ha etsoa liteko tse 'ne. Moralo oa maemo le lipalo tsa sehlopha bakeng sa teko e 'ngoe le e' ngoe li bontšoa ho Lethathamo 1. Litekong tsa pele, banna ba nang le bootsoa ba thobalano ba fumane ho ntsoela ka nko (n = 10) kapa ho kenella (ho kenella ka makhetlo a tšeletseng le metso e robeli ntle le ho emisoa; n = 11) e pentiloeng ka kamore e sa khetholloeng ha ho ne ho se na boitšoaro ba thobalano bo nang le kamore eo pele e neng e ratoa. Pontšo ea ejaculation e ne e ikemiselitse ho latela semelo sa sebopeho sa phoofolo seo motho a se bonts'ang ho emong, hammoho le boteng ba plug ea botšehali ho molekane oa mosali. Ntle le moo, sehlopha sa taolo se ile sa kenyelletsoa, ​​se nang le banna (n = 10) se ileng sa pepesoa likamoreng tsa lisebelisoa tsa CPP tse latelang ho sebetsana le taolo ea mananeo, empa ntle le ho ts'oaroa, mme ka hona ea sebetsa e le taolo e sa susumetsoang. Teko ea bobeli, ho ile ha sebelisoa banna ba nang le thobalano. Banna bana ba ne ba kopantsoe le kemiso e le 'ngoe mekhahlelong e mehlano ea ho hola pele ho boemo ba CPP. Ke ba batona feela ba bonts'itseng kemiso likarolong tse tharo ho tse hlano tse kenyellelitsoeng tlhahlobong ena. Joalo ka teko ea 1, banna bana ba nang le tsebo ea thobalano ba amohetse boemo ka ho emisoa (n = 10) kapa ho kenella (ho kenella ka tse tšeletseng ntle le ho emisoa; n = 10) e kopantsoeng le kamore eo pele e neng e sa khethoe ha ho ne ho se na boitšoaro ba thobalano le e mong. kamore. Boitekong ba boraro, ba batona ba laetsana ka thobalano (n = 8) ba bonts'itse kemiso e pentiloeng ka kamore e sa khetholloeng le litheko (tse ka bang robeli ho isa ho tse robeli) tse kopantsoeng le kamore e 'ngoe (taolo). Qetellong, tekong ea bone, ba batona ba neng ba kopanetsetse ka thobalano pele ho teko ena (n = 10) ba bonts'a ho phahama kapa ho kenella kahare (likamore tse tšeletseng le tse robeli) tse pentiloeng ka likamore tsa pele tse sa rateheng kapa tsa taolo, joalo ka ha ho ile ha etsoa teko e fetileng. Leha ho le joalo boitekong bona ba hoqetela, boemo ba maemo bo ile ba atolosoa ho ba matsatsi a ts'eletseng a maemo, ka nako eo banna ba amohela mefuta e meng ea ejaculation kapa intromissions (3 ea ho kopanya ka seng). Halofo ea ba batona e amoheloa ka mokhoa o qaqileng ka letsatsi la pele la maemo, 'me halofo e ile ea fumana ho kenella kahare.

Lethathamo 1  

Moralo o behang maemo le lipalo tsa sehlopha bakeng sa e 'ngoe ea liteko tse' ne tsa boitšoaro ba thobalano

Tlhahlobo ea lintlha

Lintlha tse entsoeng pele ho feta nakong tsa tlhahlobo ea boitšoaro ba thobalano li bontšitsoe e le kakaretso ea liphetho (lipalo tsa nako e sebelisitsoeng ka phapusing e kopantsoeng le thobalano) le lintlha tsa phapang (nako e sebelisitsoeng ka kamoreng ea ho robala ka nako ea thobalano e sebelisitsoeng ho se Kamore e bapalang ka thobalano). Liteko tsa t-paired li ile tsa sebelisoa ho sekaseka bohlokoa ba tlhaiso ea khetho le lintlha tsa phapano lipakeng tsa ea makatsang le ea morao-rao. Ntle le moo, tlhahlobo ea Pearson Product Moment Correlation e sebelisitsoe ho sekaseka khokahano e teng lipakeng tsa linomoro tsa ho kenella le sekhahla sa khetho ea morao-rao le lintlha tsa phapang lipakeng tsa teko e ngoe le e ngoe. Sekoahelo sa bohlokoa se thehiloe 0.05.

Results

Liphetho ho tsoa tlhahlobong ea pele, li bonts'itse hore banna ba nang le bootsoa ba thobalano ba na le CPP ea bohlokoa kamoreng e katiloeng ka lipopae, joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe papiso ea nako e sebelisoang likamoreng nakong ea boithuto ba pele le ba morao (Feie. 1). Ka bobeli lintlha tse khethiloeng (p= 0.023) le nomoro ea phapang (p= 0.012) e bonts'itse keketseho e kholo ea nako e sebelisitsoeng kamoreng ea ho emisoa ka maoto. Ntle le moo, banna ba naïve ba tsa thobalano le bona ba fumane CPP ea bohlokoa kamoreng ea ho kenella ka maoto. Kamora ho beha maemo, banna ba naïve ba qetile nako e ngata kamoreng ea ho kenella ka maoto ho feta kamoreng ea taolo (p= 0.006 ea likhetho; p= 0.005 lintlha tsa phapano; Feie. 1). Baimana ba laoloang ba sa susumetsoang ha ba a etsa khetho ea mofuta ofe kapa ofe (Kgetho ea likhetho: O motle haholo ha o bapisoa le Posttest: 35.8% ± 2.9 bapisoa le 38.3% ± 2.7, p = 0.47; Phapang mohato: O motle haholo ha o bapisoa le Posttest: 168.4 sec ± 34.4 sec ± 152.4, p = 33.3).

Setšoantšo sa 1  

Leqhetsoana le leng le bonts'ang li-ejaculation (A, B) kapa li-intromissions (C, D) li ile tsa qobella CPP ho banna ba hlokang thobalano. (A, C) lintlha tse khetholloang, karolo ea nako e sebelisitsoeng kamoreng ea ho emisoa- (A) kapa intromissions- (C) ka phapusing e tsamaeang ka maoto. (B, D) lintlha tsa phapano, nako ...

Liphetho tsa tlhahlobo ea bobeli li bontšitse hore banna ba fumaneng boiphihlelo ba thobalano pele ho tlhahlobo ea CPP le bona ba thehile CPP phapusing ea lipalo, joalo ka ha ho bontšitsoe ke keketseho e kholo ea lintlha tseo ba li khethileng (p<0.001) le phapang ea lintlha (p<0.001; Feie. 2). Le ha ho le joalo, ho fapana le seo ba se fumaneng ho banna ba naïve ba batona, banna ba nang le thobalano ha ba a ka ba theha CPP ka phapusing ea marang-rang. Leha ekaba lintlha tse khetholloang (p= 0.183) kapa palo ea phapang (p= 0.235) e fetohile haholo kamora maemoFeie. 2).

Setšoantšo sa 2  

E ngoe e tsamaeang le ho bonts'oa ha kemolo (A, C), empa eseng ka ho kenella (C, D) ho qobella CPP ho banna ba nang le boiphihlelo. (A, C) lintlha tse khetholloang, karolo ea nako e sebelisitsoeng kamoreng ea ho emisoa- (A) kapa intromissions- (C) ka phapusing e tsamaeang ka maoto. (B, D) phapang ...

Litekong tsa boraro le tsa bone, maikutlo a hore kemolo e putsa le ho feta ha a bapisoa le ho kenella ka har'a mpa a ile a lekoa. Liphetho tsa lithuto tsena li bontsitse, pele, banna ba neng ba kopanetse thobalano pele ho tlhahlobo ea CPP ha baa ka ba theha CPP kamoreng e arotsoeng ka ntlo le ntlo kamoreng e kahare ea kamore e le 'ngoe ea kamora ho robala.Feie. 3). Re ile ra nahana hore ho kopanya ka mokhoa o le mong oa ho emisa le ho kenella ho ne ho sa lekana ho ts'oarisa phapang popehong ea CPP liphoofolong tsa thobalano. Ka hona, teko ea bone e ile ea etsoa ka nako e telele ea boemo e kenyelletsang ea mofuta o mong le o mong oa teko ea maemo. Ho joalo, kamora ho penta ka makhetlo a mararo karolo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea ho kenella le ho phahama, banna ba bontšitse keketseho e kholo ho likhetho le likhetho tse fapaneng (p<0.001 bakeng sa lintlha tsa khetho le phapang; Feie. 3) bakeng sa setho sa lelapa se kopaneng le karolo ea kamore ea ho kenella kahare. Ka hona, ka lipara tse ngata, ejaculation e ile ea susumetsa sebopeho sa CPP ha e bapisoa le pontšo ea ho kenella ntle le kemiso.

Setšoantšo sa 3  

Papali e le 'ngoe e bonts'ang kemiso ea kemiso ha ea ka ea kenya CPP ho banna ba thobalano ha kamore ea taolo e ne e pentiloe ka pontšo ea ho kenella (A, B). Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ba batona ba neng ba kopanetsetse thobalanong pele ba qala ho ba maemong ...

Ho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea liteko, ha li-pair li etsoa ka pontšo ea ho kenella, banna ba ne ba lumelloa ho bonts'a likamano tsa 6-8, hobane sena se lumellana haholo le palo ea maqhubu a neng a tloaetse ho khutla ka tloaelo (Coolen et al., 1996; Coolen et al., 2003a). Ho joalo, ba batona ba bangata ba lihlopheng tse tsamaeang ka maoto ba bonts'a 8 kapa ho kenella hanyane ka hanyane pele ho kemiso. Leha ho le joalo, banna ba bang ho e 'ngoe ea liteko tseo ba bonts'a lipallo tsa 8 tse fetang tsa pele ho kemiso. Ka hona, ho khaola khokahano e nepahetseng lipakeng tsa lipalo tsa ho kenella le ho theha CPP, ho ile ha etsoa tlhahlobo ea khokahano. Tlhahlobo ena e senoletse hore ha ho khokahano efe kapa efe boitekong lipakeng tsa lipalo tsa ho kenella le polelo ea CPP.

Puisano

Boithuto ba hajoale bo letile maikutlo a hore kemolo e na le boleng bo putsa ba ho bapisoa le ho bonts'oa ha ho kenella ha ho hlahlojoa ho sebelisa paradigm ea CPP le hore boiphihlelo ba thobalano bo susumetsa thepa e ntle ea ho kenella. Ehlile ho ile ha bonts'oa hore kemolo, empa eseng ho kenella kahare ho iseng ho fumanoe ha CPP ho liphoofolo tse nang le bohlola. Ho feta moo, banna ba nang le bootsoa ba thobalano ba fumane CPP bakeng sa tikoloho e kengoang ka nko ho feta tikolohong e kengoang ka matsoho. Boiphihlelo ba thobalano bo amme boleng bo khotsofatsang ba ho kenella (ntle le ho omisoa), hobane ponts'o ea kemiso e fumanoe feela e le bohlokoa bakeng sa CPP ho banna ba nang le thobalano, ha banna ba nang le thobalano ba na le nts'etsopele ea CPP kamora ho kenella le ho nyamela.

CPP ke paradigm e thehiloeng hantle e sebelisetsoang ho ithuta thepa e moputso ea boitšoaro ba thobalano (Hughes et al., 1990; Mehrara le Baum, 1990; Miller le Baum, 1987). Liphetoho tse peli tsamaisong ea CPP, CPP ea morao-rao le CPP e kopaneng, e fapana ka hore na ho emoloa ho etsahala ka phapusing ea CPP kapa che (Pfaus et al., 2001). Ts'ebetsong ea pele, e neng e sebelisoa thutong ea hajoale, likhoto tsa banna li lumelloa ho sebetsa lebaleng le fapaneng ebe li fetisetsoa kamoreng e 'ngoe e ikhethileng ea lisebelisoa tsa CPP. Ts'ebetsong ea bobeli, ho kopitsoa ho ejaculation ho lumeletsoe ho etsahala kahare ea phaposi ea CPP ka boeona. Ts'ebetso ka bobeli li fella ka CPP e matla le e tšepahalang. Leha ho le joalo, CPP ea morao-rao e sebelisitsoe thutong ea hona joale ho tlosa tšusumetso ea tebello ea moputso oa thobalano ho thehoeng ha CPP. Ha likhoto tsa banna li pepesetsoa mekhoa ea tikoloho e amanang le boitšoaro ba pele ba thobalano, sisteme ea mesolimbic e qala ho sebetsa (Balfour et al., 2004) ho bonts'a tebello e lebelletsoeng ho arabela maemong a itseng. Ts'ebeliso ea paramente ea CPP e kopaneng e tla lebisa ho tšusumetso ea ho pepesehela litekanyetso tse boemo bo amanang le boiphihlelo ba pele ba thobalano ka phapusing ea CPP. Ka hona, molemong oa ho arola karolo ea ho kenella le ho nyamela ho tsa thobalano le liphoofolo tse nang le boiphihlelo ho bopeng CPP, ts'ebetso ea postcopulatory e ile ea sebelisoa.

Mofuta o mong o fapaneng oa liteko tsa CPP ke palo ea liteko tse fanang ka boemo: E le 'ngoe (Straiko et al., 2007kapa lipalo tse ngata (Garcia Horsman le Paredes, 2004; Hughes et al., 1990; Miller le Baum, 1987) sephetho sa CPP e kenyellelitseng batho ba bang. Kaha sepheo se le seng sa thuto ea morao-rao e ne e le ho fuputsa tšusumetso ea boiphihlelo ba thobalano ho CPP e hoheletsoeng ka thobalano, ho sebelisitsoe li-single pair bakeng sa liteko tse ngata ho thibela ho fihla mokatong oa CPP e kenyellelitseng batho ba bang thobalano. Ho joalo, liphetho tsa rona li netefalitse lithuto tsa pejanaAgmo le Berenfeld, 1990) hore karohano e le 'ngoe ea tikoloho, e lekane ho fumana CPP ho banna.

Litekong tse teng hona joale, banna ba nang le bootsoa ba thobalano le marang-rang bakeng sa tikoloho e kengoang ka nko ho feta tikolohong e kengoang ka matsoho e bonts'a hore kemolo o na le moputso o moholo ho feta ho kenella. Sephetho sena se lumellana le lithuto tsa pele tsa ho ithuta / ho matlafatsa ho T-mazes (Kagan, 1955), tsela e otlolohileng letsoho le leng (Lopez et al., 1955), kapa ho hloella litsietsi (Sheffield et al., 1951), tse bonts'ang hore kemolo e matlafatsoa ho feta lintlafalo kapa ts'ebetso e le 'ngoe. Ntle le moo, kemolo ea tlhaho e bohlokoa molemong oa ho etsa likhetho tsa maemo a kopaneng a polanete (Kippin le Pfaus, 2001). Ka kopanelo, liphumano tsena li ts'ehetsa maikutlo a boletsoeng pele ke Crawford et. al. (1993) hore "matla a thobalano joalo ka matlafatso a amana ka kotloloho le moo lithuto li phethisang tatellano ea boitšoaro".

Boitekong ba hona joale, khetho ea tikoloho e amanang le ho emisoa ka kamoreng e kenngoeng ka marang-rang e ne e hloka liteko tse ngata, 'me ho hira ka bonngoe ho ne ho sa lekana ho kenya CPP. Tlhaloso e ngoe ke hore ho liphoofolo tsa naïve tsa thobalano, ho rohakana ha e le 'ngoe ha ho lekane ho khetholla boleng bo khotsofatsang ba kemolo le ho kenella. Tlhaloso e 'ngoe e kanna ea ba hore menyetla e khotsofatsang ea likamano tsa botona le botšehali e fokotseha ka boiphihlelo ba thobalano, e tsamaellanang le ho fumana hore ho nts'oa maiketsetso ho bohlokoa bakeng sa CPP ho banna ba nang le thobalano ha likhohlopo li kenya CPP ho liphoofolo tse sa kopaneleng thobalano.

Ho fumana hore ejaculation e na le thepa e ruisang haholo ho feta ho kenella ho tšehetso ea methapo e arohaneng ea litsela tsa neural bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea matšoao a amanang le ho emisoa kapa a amanang le ho kenella. Bakeng sa ts'ehetso ea maikutlo ana, lithuto tse 'maloa ka rat, hamster le gerbil li sebelisang Fos e le letšoao la ts'ebetso ea neural li bontšitse ts'ebetso ea neural e kentsoeng ka ho khetheha ke kemolo, empa eseng ka litheko kapa ho kenella, ka likarolo tse nyane tsa medial amygdala, bethe ea "bed" stria terminalis, sebaka sa pele, le posterior intralaminar thalamus (Coolen et al., 1996; Coolen et al., 1997; Coolen et al., 2003a; Heeb le Yahr, 1996; Kollack-Walker le Newman, 1997). Haufinyane tjena re lekile hore na libaka tse ts'ebetsong tsa ts'ebetso ea "ejaculation" li ka kenya lipallo ho tsoa mokokotlong oa mokokotlo oa lumbosacral, mme ra bonts'a ho sebelisa mokhoa oa morao-rao oa ho qolla le ho tsitsisa hore karolo ea semmuso e hlahisang subterara intralaminar thalamus. baahi ba li-neuron mokokotlong oa mokokotlo oa lumbar (Coolen et al., 2003a; Coolen et al., 2003b; Ju et al., 1987; Truitt et al., 2003b). Ka lehlakoreng le leng lisele tsena li hlahisa Fos ka ho khetheha ka kemiso, empa eseng ka litheko kapa maqhubu, ho ts'ehetsa karolo ea bona ho ts'ebetsong likhechana tse amanang le ejaculation (Truitt et al., 2003a). Ntle le moo, bongata bona ba lisele tse lumbar mSPFp tse ntseng li sebetsa li maemong a ho amohela ho amohela melaetsa e amanang le kutloelo-hloko e tsoang liphoofolong tsa sethoathoa le ho bua ka li-neuropeptide tse ngata, ho kenyeletsa galanin, cholecystokinin le opioid enkephalin (Coolen et al., 2003b; Ju et al., 1987; Nicholas et al., 1999). Hajoale, ha ho tsejoe haeba tsela ena le li-neurotransmitters tse ka hare, li sebetsa hantle ho kenya letsoho boits'ebetsong ba ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetsong, joalo ka CPP.

Ka kakaretso, sephetho sa hona joale se bonts'a hore kemolo ke karolo e khotsofatsang ka ho fetisisa ea boitšoaro ba botona ba botšehali ho likhoto. Ntle le moo, re etsa qeto ea hore boiphihlelo ba thobalano bo susumetsa thepa e ruisang karolo ea likarolo tsa boitšoaro ba thobalano, e leng ho kenella, joalo ka ha ho kenella ho hohelang ho kenella kahare ho CPP ka thobalano, empa eseng ho banna ba nang le bohlola.

lumela hore baa fokola

Patlisiso ena e ne e tšehelitsoe ke lithuso ho tsoa ho National Institutes of Health (R01 DA014591) le Litsi tsa Canada tsa Patlo ea Bophelo ho LMC.

Mongolo o botlaaseng ba leqephe

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