Ts'ehetso ea borena ea "Boiteko bo Boholo ba Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa" - TEDx Glasgow (2012): Leqephe la 2

Selelekela

Leqephe lena, le leqephe la bobeli, fana ka tšehetso e matla bakeng sa lipolelo tse hlahang ho tsona Boiteko bo Boholo ba Litšoantšo | Gary Wilson | TEDxGlasgow (le Tlhaselo ea Bacha, ea Philip Zimbardo). Mongolo o mong le o mong oa PowerPoint le mongolo o amanang le oona o tsamaisana le (1) litemana tsa motheo tsa tšehetso, li lateloa ke lithuto tse tšehetsang (2) le bopaki ba bongaka bo hatisitsoeng lilemong tse kenellang. Masola a 18 ka 35 a ka tlase. Leqephe la pele le na le li-slides 1 ka 17.

Ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore Boiteko bo Boholo ba Litšoantšo e ile ea phethoa mme ea romelloa ho TEDx ka December 2011, ha puo e fanoa ka Hlakubele, 2012. Puo ena ea TEDx e ne e le karabelo e tobileng ho "Philip Zimbardo"Demise of Guys”Puo ea TED, eo bamameli ba Glasgow ba neng ba e shebile pele ho puo.

Ho tloha ka December 2011, sehlopha se seholo sa lipatlisiso tse tšehetsang le bopaki ba bongaka bo fihlile ho tšehetsa Boiteko bo Boholo ba Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa litemoso tse tharo tse ka sehloohong tse neng li le:

1. Litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Inthaneteng li ka baka tšoaetso ea thobalano;
2. Ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Inthaneteng ho ka lebisa liphetohong tse kholo tsa bokooa ba 3 tse amanang le ho lemalla lithethefatsi; le
3. Ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Inthaneteng ho ka eketsa maemo a mang a kelello le a maikutlo (mathata a mahloriso, ho tšoenyeha ha sechaba, ho tepella maikutlong, joalo-joalo).

Se latelang ke kakaretso e khutšoanyane ea bopaki le boitsebiso ba bongaka bo tšehetsang lipolelo tse entsoeng ka Boiteko bo Boholo ba Litšoantšo

1) Ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Inthaneteng ho ka baka liketso tsa thobalano:

• Sheba lenane lena la lithuto tse fetang tsa 40 tse hokahanyang tšebeliso ea thobalano / lekhoba la thobalano le mathata a thobalano le takatso e tlase ea thobalano. The Liphuputso tsa pele tsa 7 lethathamong lena li bontša hore ho na le mokokotlo, kaha barupeluoa ba ile ba tlosa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa 'me ba phekola likotsi tse sa feleng tsa thobalano.
• Ke ngolisitse tlhahlobo ea 2016 e latelang ea lingoliloeng tse hlaselang ho kopanela liphate ka ho kopanela liphate le lingaka tsa 7 US Navy. Ke tlhahlobo, 'me e na le ts'ehetso e kholo ea ts'ebetso ea litšoantšo tse ts'oanang le litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso ea ho kopanela liphate ED, hammoho le puisano ea lipatlisiso tsa morao-rao tse senola ho phahama ha hoo e batlang e le 1000% ho se sebetse ha erectile mocha: Na Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Tsa Inthanete li baka Mathata a Kopanela Liphate? Tlhahlobo le Litlaleho tsa Bongaka (2016).
• Sheba lenane lena la ho feta lipatlisiso tsa 75 tse amanang le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li sebelisa khotsofalo e fokolang ea thobalano le khotsofalo ea kamano.
• Ntle le lithuto tse ka holimo, leqhepe lena le na le lihlooho, libaesekopo le li-podcasts ke litsebi tse fetang 150 (urology baprofesa, li-urologists, li-psychiatrists, litsebi tsa kelello, li-sexologists, MDs) ba amohelang le ba atlehileng ho hlokomoloha litšoantšo tsa litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso ea ho kopanela liphate ED le boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate.
• Hape sheba litlaleho tse ngotsweng tsa 3,000 tsa banna ba hlaphoheloang ke mathata a thobalano a bakoang ke ho kopanela liphate har'a litlaleho tsa ho khutlisetsoa ho (kapa li hokahanngoa le ho) maqepheng ana a mararo: (1) Rebooting Accounts Page 1, (2) Rebooting Accounts Page 2, (3) Rebooting Accounts Page 3. Maqephe a robeli a latelang a na le litlaleho tse khutšoanyane tse hlalosang ho hlaphoheloa ha litšila tse bakoang ke thobalano tse bakoang ke ho kopanela liphate: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8.

2) Ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Inthaneteng ho ka lebisa liphetohong tse kholo tsa bokooa tse amanang le lithethefatsi tse bontšitsoeng ka lithethefatsi:

Boiteko bo Boholo ba Litšoantšo ho thathamisitsoe litlatsetso tse leshome tsa inthanete "lithuto tsa boko," tse tšehetsang mohopolo oa ka oa hore bokhoba ba inthanete (le lithethefatsi tsa inthanete tse joalo ka papali le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa) li teng mme li kenyelletsa mekhoa e ts'oanang ea mantlha le liphetoho tsa boko joalo ka tse ling tse lemalloang. Lefapha lena la thuto le ntse le hola haholo. Ho tloha ka 2019, ho na le lithethefatsi tse 350 tsa "inthanete" tse lemalloang inthaneteng. Kaofela ha bona ba tlaleha se fumanoeng ke methapo le liphetoho tsa boko ho ba lemaletseng inthanete tse lumellanang le mofuta oa lithethefatsi (lenane la Ho lemalla marang-rang "lithuto tsa boko"). Ho phaella moo, moralo oa lithuto tse 'maloa tsa lithethefatsi tsa lithethefatsi li tšehetsa boipiletso ba hore marang-rang a sebelisoa ke inthanete ho baka (tse ling) matšoao a kang ho tepella maikutlo, ADHD, matšoenyeho, joalo-joalo. Lenane la lipatlisiso tse joalo: Boithuto bo bontšang ts'ebeliso ea Marang-rang le tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho baka matšoao le liphetoho tsa boko.

Boiteko bo Boholo ba Litšoantšo o ile a hlalosa liphetoho tse tharo tse khōlō tsa boko tse hlahang ka ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate: (1) Sensitization, (2) ho hlaseloa ha maikutlo, le (3) lipotoloho tse sa sebetsaneng tsa boipheliso (boikaketsi). Ho tloha ka March, 2012, lipatlisiso tse ngata tsa batho ba sebelisang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le ba lemaletseng ho kopanela liphate li phatlalalitsoe. Liphetoho tsena tse tharo tsa boko li fumanoe har'a tsona Liphuputso tse thehiloeng ho 54 tse nang le litsebo tsa maikutlo tse sebelisoang hangata ka basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le ba lemaletseng thobalano:

• Boithuto ba ho tlaleha sensitization (cue-reactivity & cravings) ho basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa / ba lemaletseng thobalano: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27.
• Liphuputso tsa tlaleho ea ho hloka boithati kapa ho tloaela ho ba teng (ho fella ka ho mamelleha) bathong ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa / ho kopanela liphate: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8.
• Liphuputso tse tlalehoang ka mokhoa o bobebe oa boits'oaro (boipaketsi) kapa mosebetsi o fetotsoeng oa basebeletsi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le ba ho kopanela liphate: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19.

The Liphuputso tse thehiloeng ho 54 tse fanang ka maikutlo a kelello (MRI, fMRI, EEG, lefu la methapo ea pelo, li-hormone) li fana ka tšehetso e matla bakeng sa mokhoa oa ho lemalla, joaloka 30 litlhahlobo tsa morao-rao tsa lingoliloeng le litlhaloso ke tse ling tsa litsebi tsa mantlha tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng.

Ke boetse ke hlalositse keketseho kapa tloaelo puong ea ka ea TEDx (e ka bang sesupo sa bokhoba). Hona joale lithuto tse hlano li botse basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka kotloloho ka ho nyoloha ha mefuta e mecha kapa mamello, ho tiisa ka bobeli (1, 2, 3, 4, 5). Ho sebelisa mekhoa e fapaneng e sa tobang, kapa liak'haonte tsa bongaka, lithuto tse eketsehileng tsa 40 ba tlalehile liphuputso tse lumellanang le tloaelo ea "litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso" kapa ho nyolohela mefuteng e feteletseng le e sa tloaelehang.

Ha e le mabapi le ho tlohela, thuto e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e botsitseng e tlalehile matšoao a bang teng ha motho a khaotsa ho tsuba. Hajoale Lithuto tse 13 li tlaleha matšoao a bang teng ho basebelisi ba porno.

Ho thoe'ng ka lithuto tsa methapo tse etsang hore motho a lemalle joala bo litšila? Mono ha li eo. Ha e ntse e le sengoli sa pele sa Prause et al., 2015 o boletse hore o ile a ithuta a le mong feela oa thuto ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ea ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​10 litokomane tse lekiloeng tsa lithaka ha li lumellane: Litlhaloso tse hlahlojoang ke lithaka tsa Prause et al., 2015. Bo-ramahlale ba litsebo tsena ba bolela hore Prause et al. e hlile e fumane ts'oaetso / tloaelo (e lumellanang le tsoelo-pele ea tahi), joalo ka Nyane Ho tsosoa ha bokooa ho li-vanilla (litšoantšo) ho amana le e kholoanyane tšebeliso ea litšoantšo. Ha ho makatse hore ebe Prause et al. sehlopha se ile sa bolela ka sebete hore se entse phoso ea setšoantšo sa ho lemalla lithethefatsi ka serapa se le seng se nkiloeng ho sena "Lengolo le eang ho mohlophisi" la 2016 Ha e le hantle, lengolo le ngotsoeng ke Prause ha lea ka la fosa letho, kaha tlhaloso ena e pharaletseng e senola: Lengolo ho mohlophisi "Prause et al. (2015) mekhoa ea ho qetela ea ho lemala " (2016).

Empa 'lithethefatsi tsa bootsoa' ha li li-APA DSM-5, ho joalo? Ha APA e qetella e ntlafalitse buka ea 2013 (DSM-5), ha hoa ka ha e-ba joalo e nahanang ka "lithethefatsi tse ts'oanang le lithethefatsi tsa inthanete," ho e-na le hoo ho khetha ho pheha khang ka "bothata ba hypersexual." Sekhele sa ho qetela sa boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate se khothalletsoa ho kenngoa ke DSM-5's ea ho kopanela liphate lebenkeleng ka morao ho lilemo tsa tlhahlobo. Leha ho le joalo, ka hora ea leshome le motso o mong "kamoreng ea linaleli" lenaneo (ho ea ka setho sa Sehlopha sa Basebetsi), tse ling DSM-5 ba boholong ba ile ba hana bosodoma, ho bolela mabaka a hlalositsoeng e le a sa utloahaleng.

Nakoana pele ho ea DSM-5's moqolo oa 2013, Thomas Insel, eo e neng e le Motsamaisi oa Setsi sa Sechaba sa Bophelo bo Botle ba kelello, o ile a lemosa hore e ne e le nako ea tšimo ea bophelo ba kelello hore e khaotse ho itšetleha ka DSM. Ea eonabofokoli ke ho hloka matla ha bona, ”O hlalositse,“re ke ke ra atleha haeba re sebelisa mekhahlelo ea DSM e le "maemo a khauta."A eketsa,"Ke ka lebaka leo NIMH e tla tsosolosa lipatlisiso tsa eona ho tloha DSMs. ” Ka mantsoe a mang, NIMH e rerile ho emisa lipatlisiso tsa lichelete tse ipapisitseng le mabitso a DSM (le ho ba sieo ha tsona).

Mekhatlo e kholo ea bongaka e ntse e tsoela pele ka APA. The Mokhatlo oa Amerika oa Tlhekefetso ea Meriana (ASAM) e ile ea senya sepheo sa ho qetela sekhukhung sa bothata ba ho kopanela liphate ka August, 2011, likhoeli tse 'maloa pele ke lokisetsa puo ea ka ea TEDx. Litsebi tse phahameng tsa tahi ea ASAM li ile tsa lokolla tlhaloso e tsitsitseng ea ho lemala. Tlhaloso e ncha e etsa tse ling tsa lintlha tse kholo Ke entse puo ea ka. Mokhoa o ka sehloohong oa ho lemalla boitšoaro o ama boko ka litsela tse tšoanang le tsa lithethefatsi. Ka mantsoe a mang, ho lemalla ho lemalla ke lefu le le leng (boemo), eseng ba bangata. ASAM e hlalositse ka ho hlaka hore ho lemalla boitšoaro ba thobalano ho teng 'me e tlameha ebe e bakoa ke liphetoho tse tšoanang tsa boko bo fumanoang meleng ea lithethefatsi.

Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo o bonahala o ikemiselitse ho lokisa bothata ba lipolotiki tsa APA. Buka e sebelisoang haholo ka ho fetisisa lefapheng la bongaka, Selemo sa Machaba sa Mafu (ICD-11), e na le tlhatlhobo e ncha e loketseng ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa "Bothata ba ho Kopanela Liphate ka ho Kopanela Liphate. "ICD-11 e na le tšoaetso e ncha ea ho lemalla papali ea video: Bothata ba ho bapala Inthanete.

3) Ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Inthaneteng ho ka eketsa maemo a mang a kelello le a maikutlo

Boiteko bo Boholo ba Litšoantšo e hlalosa "Tlhahlobo e 'Ngoe ea Litlhapi”Moo bahlankana ba felisitseng tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba tlalehileng tšoarelo ea mathata a maikutlo le kelello. TGPE e boetse e hlalositse "ho tsuba ho tsuba" (ho lemalla marang-rang le li-subtypes tsa eona) ho mpefatsa kapa ho baka matšoao a kang boko ba boko, bothata ba mahloriso, ho tšoenyeha ka ho feletseng, ho tepella maikutlo le ho tšoenyeha ha sechaba. Ho latela 2020 ho na le lithuto tse makholo tse amanang 'me Liphuputso tsa 90 tsa ho hlasela ho tšehetsa taba ena.

• Ntlha ea pele, ho na le joale ka lipatlisiso tsa 85 tse amanang le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li sebelisa ho ba le bokooa ba kelello le maikutlo a futsanehileng le liphello tse futsanehileng tsa likamano.
• Tse makholo tsa lithuto li hokahantse tšebeliso e kholo ea inthanete le bophelo bo futsanehileng ba kelello le maikutlo le liphetho tse mpe tsa kelello.
• Liphuputso tse fetang 90 li bonts'a bokhoba ba inthanete le tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho baka kelello, maikutlo kapa matšoao a 'mele.
• Ke boetse ke boletse hore banna ba bona basali ka tsela e sa tšoaneng ka mor'a ho tlohela litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ka tšehetso (e sa tobang) ea sena, ke tsena liphuputso tse fetang 40 tse hokahanyang tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le "maikutlo a sa lekanang" mabapi le basali.

Ka 2016 Gary Wilson o ile a hatisa lipampiri tse peli tse hlahlojoang ke lithaka:

• Na Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Tsa Inthanete li baka Mathata a Kopanela Liphate? Tlhahlobo le Litlaleho tsa Bongaka (2016).
• Tlosa Lintho Tse sa Lebelloang Inthaneteng Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Sebelisa ho Senola Liphetho Tsa Tsona (2016).

Tlhokomeliso: tse ling tsa li-link li ea liphetolelong tsa lithuto tse hlahang ho www.yourbrainonporn.com. Li-link tsa moo, li lebisa libokeng le lithuto tse feletseng sebakeng se seng.

POWERPOINT LITLHAKU TSE KHOLO 18-35 LE LITLHAKU TSE Kopaneng

SLIDE 18

Haeba ho itlopa joala ho tsoela pele, ho ka etsa hore boko bo fetoloe ho batho bohle ba lemalang:

1. Taba ea mantlha ke hore karabelo ea thabo e senyehileng e raha - kahoo menyaka ea letsatsi le letsatsi e tlohella lithethefatsi tsa rona tsa bootsoa li sa khotsofala (desensitization).
2. Ka nako e ts'oanang, liphetoho tse ling tsa 'mele li mo etsa hore a se ke a etsa lintho tse litšila tse tsosang takatso (sensitization). Ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe bophelong ba hae e bonahala e le bobe, empa bootsoa bo chesa potoloho ea moputso oa hae.
3. Qetellong, matla a hae a ho fetoha - e le CEO ea boko ba hae, cortex e ka pele e fetoha

Ha ke khone ho totobatsa sena ka ho lekana: Lithethefatsi tsohle li arolelana liphetoho tse tšoanang tsa boko 'me li bakoa ke phetoho e tšoanang ea molek'hule - DeltaFosB.

TŠEBELETSO EA SEHLOOHO:

Hlahisa lipolelo tsa 18 tse sa tloaelehang ho itlopa boleng ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li ka lebisa boong bo le bong bo ts'oanang le bo fetoha joalokaha ho bonoa mefuta e meng ea lithethefatsi. Boiteko bo Boholo ba Litšoantšo e hlalositse liphetoho tse tharo tse kholo tsa boko tse hlahang le bokhoba ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa: (1) Sensitization, (2) Desensitization, le (3) lisekete tse sa sebetseng tse sebetsang hantle (phethahatso e mpe ea phethahatso). Taba mabapi le karolo eo DeltaFosB e nang le eona litakatsong, ts'ebeliso e tlamang le ho lemalla lithethefatsi e ile ea lebisoa ho slide se fetileng.

Boko bo boholo bo fetoha ho ameha ka lithethefatsi le litloaelo tsa boits'oaro (ts'ebetso, ts'oaetso, le li-circuits tse sa sebetsaneng tse sebetsang) li ne li hlalositsoe libukeng tse ngata tsa lingoliloeng, tse kang pampiri ena ea hlooho ea NIDA, Nora Volkow: Ho lemalla lithethefatsi: Ho fokotsa kutloisiso ea moputso le ho eketsa tebello ea tebello ea boikemisetso ba ho hlōla potoloho ea taolo ea boko.

Boipolelo ba hore boko bo tšoanang ba 3 bo fetoha ka ho se tsube lithethefatsi bo ne bo tšehetsoa ke lithuto tse makholo tsa manonyeletso tse bontšang hore lithethefatsi tsa boitšoaro (lijo tse lemalla lijo, papali ea papali ea chelete, papali ea video, 'me Inthaneteng e lemalla 'me ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate) le lithethefatsi tsa lithethefatsi li na le tse ngata tse tšoanang mekhoa ea motheo e isang ho pokello ea liphetoho tse arolelanoeng boemong ba boko ba bokhoni le k'hemistri. Sena ha se makatse ha lithethefatsi li ka ntlafatsa kapa ho thibela mesebetsi ea 'mele ea teng.

Ka mohlala, lithethefatsi tsohle tse lemalang le boitšoaro bo ka 'nang ba lemalla, li arolelana mekhoa e le' ngoe ea bohlokoa ea ketso: ho phahama ha dopamine nucleus accumbens (hape e bitsoa setsi sa moputso). Ho hlokomoloha ho sa feleng, le li-spikes tse amanang le tsona, sesosa DFFB ho bokella butle-butle likarolong tsa bohlokoa tsa boko. (DFFB ke sesebelisoa sa transcription, ke hore, protheine e tlamang liphatsa tsa hau tsa lefutso ebe ea li tima kapa tsa li tima.) DeltaFosB e fetoha likarabo tsa liphatsa tsa rona tsa lefutso, ho etsa hore boko bo sebetsang bo fetohe. Tsena li qala ka ho hlohlelletsa, ke hore, ho sebetsa ka bongata ha meputso ea boko-empa e le feela ho arabela lintlha tse ikhethileng tse amanang le bokhoba bo ntseng bo hola. Ho latela mofuputsi Eric Nestler,

[ΔFosB] e batla e le ea ho fetola molek'hule. … Hang ha e phethetsoe, e lula nakoana mme ha e tlohe habonolo. Ketsahalo ena e bonoa e le karabelo ea taolo e sa foleng ea hoo e ka bang sethethefatsi sefe kapa sefe sa tlhekefetso. E boetse e bonoa kamora maemo a phahameng a ts'ebeliso ea meputso ea tlhaho (ho ikoetlisa, sucrose, lijo tse phahameng tsa mafura, ho kopanela liphate).

Ke tla kenyelletsa litlhaloso tse 'maloa tsa lingoliloeng tse tšehetsang boteng ba litlolo tsa boitšoaro (bakeng sa bonolo, tse ling tse phatlalalitsoeng kamora puo ea ka le tsona li thathamisitsoe):

1. The Neurobiology le Genetics ea Mathata a ho Laola Mosi oa Matla: Likamano le Lithethefatsi Tsa Lithethefatsi (2008)
2. Bokooa bo bakoang ke bokooa Bula Tsela ea ho Hloka Mekhoa ea Boikhohomoso: Ho Khaotsa ho lemalla Molekane o Mocha? (2010)
3. Tlhaloso ea Mekhoa ea Boitšoaro ea Boitšoaro (2010)
4. Ho nahana ka litlhōlisano tse qobelloang le tse ferekanyang maikutlo, ho tloha ho liphoofolo tsa mefuta ea liphoofolo ho ea ho Endophenotypes: Tlhahlobo e Khutšoanyane (2010)
5. Meputso ea tlhaho, Meriana ea ho se Phekolehe ha Meriana, le Lithethefatsi Tse se Nang Meriana (2011)
6. Tlhahlobo e Lebeletsoeng ea Neurobiology le Genetics ea Lits'ebetsong tsa Boitšoaro: Sebaka se Phahameng sa Phuputso (2013)
7. Tsela ea ho utloisisa mokhoa oa ho laola methapo ea pelo (2013)
8. Matšoao a sebetsang a mathata a ho laola maikutlo (2013)
9. Tlhahiso: Mokhoa oa ho lemalla boitšoaro, Mark Potenza (2015)
10. Lithethefatsi tsa boitšoaro ba ho lemalla meriana: ho tloha mekhoeng ea ho nahanisisa ka mokhoa o sebetsang (2016)
11. Boemo ba Litsebo ka Tlhaho ea Boits'oaro (2016)
12. Likarolo tsa "Ho Batla" le "Ho Rata" ka Boits'oaro bo Khothatsang: Ho becha, Lijo le Lithethefatsi Tsa Lithethefatsi (2016)
13. Phetoho ea ho lemala: "Tlhaloso ea" nako ea nako ea nako "e amanang le tšusumetso e mpe, hedonic dysregulation, le thuto ea aberrant (2016)
14. Ho lemalla boitšoaro bo hlephileng le ho lemalla lithethefatsi ho lokela ho hlalosoa ka ho tšoana ha bona le ho se khetholle ha bona (2017)
15. Meriana le boitšoaro bo bobe ba boitšoaro bo ka 'na ba e-ba le mohato o tšoanang oa ts'oaetso (2017)

Maqephe a latelang a na le liphuputso tse ngata tsa methapo ea pelo e hlalosang mekhoa le liphetoho tsa boko bo lumellanang le mokhoa oa ho lemala:

• Ho lemalla ho ja lijo (bothata ba ho ja joala)
• Ho becha (papali ea papali ea chelete)
• Bokhoba ba Papali ea Inthanete le Video

Joalokaha ho hlalositsoe pejana, morekisi oa Norman Doidge oa 2007 Boko bo Itšusumetsang a bolela hore ho lemalla boitšoaro bo hlephileng (ho akarelletsa le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba Internet) ho teng. Ntho e hlakileng ea ho tšehetsa slide ena:

Ho tsuba ha litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro Inthaneteng ha ho tšoantšetso. Hase lithethefatsi tsohle tse amanang le lithethefatsi kapa joala. Batho ba ka lemala haholo ho becha, esita le ho sebetsa. Boits'oaro bohle bo bontša ho lahleheloa ke taolo ea ketsahalo, ho qobella ho e batla ntle le liphello tse mpe, ho hlaolela mamello e le hore ba hloke maemo a phahameng le a phahameng a ho khotsofatsa, le phihlelo ea ho tlohela haeba ba sa khone ho etsa ketso e lemalloang.

Tlhekefetso eohle e kenyelletsa nako e telele, ka linako tse ling bophelo bohle, phetoho ea methapo ea kelello bokong. Bakeng sa ba lemalloang, ho leka-lekanya ho ke ke ha khoneha, 'me ba lokela ho qoba ntho e itseng kapa mosebetsi ka ho feletseng haeba ba lokela ho qoba boitšoaro bo hlephileng.

Ho 2011, ho ne ho phatlalalitsoe lithuto tse tharo feela tsa methapo ea kutlo (tse peli ho "hypersexourse", e le ngoe ho basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba inthanete). Bohle ba bararo ba tlalehile methapo ea methapo e lumellanang le mofuta oa tahi:

1) Phuputso ea pele ea liketso tsa Impulsive le Neuroanatomical tsa boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate (2009) - (motsamaisi ea sebetsang hampe) Haholo-holo ba lemalloang ke thobalano. Boithuto bo tlaleha boits'oaro bo fetelletseng morerong oa Go-NoGo ho batho ba lemaletseng ho kopanela liphate (hypersexourse) ha o bapisoa le barupeluoa ba laolang. Litekanyetso tsa bongoa li senotse hore batho ba lemaletseng ho kopanela liphate ba na le taba e tšoeu ea prefrontal cortex e sa hlophisehang haholoanyane. Tlhahiso ena e tsamaellana le boikaketsi, e leng sesupo sa bokhoba ba tahi.

2) Ho se tšoane ho tlalehiloeng ka boithati ka mekhoa ea boits'oaro ba tsamaiso le boitšoaro ba ho kopanela liphate ho batho ba nang le meriana le metseng ea banna (2010) - (mafutsana phethahatso tshebetso). Tlhaloso:

Bakuli ba batlang thuso bakeng sa boits'oaro ba bosodoma hangata ba bonts'a likarolo tsa ho se ts'oenyehe, ho ba le kutloisiso e thata, kahlolo e fosahetseng, khaello ea taolo ea maikutlo, le ho ameha haholo ka thobalano. Tse ling tsa litšoaneleho tsena li boetse li atile har'a bakuli ba hlahisang mafu a methapo a amanang le ho se sebetse ha phethahatso. Litemoso tsena li lebisitse lipatlisisong tsa hajoale tsa phapang lipakeng tsa sehlopha sa bakuli ba hypersexual (n = 87) le sampole ea sechaba se seng sa hypersexual (n = 92) ea banna ba sebelisang Behaeve Rating Inventory ea Executive Function-Adult Version Boitšoaro ba Hypersexual bo ne bo amana hantle ka li-indices tsa lefats'e tsa ho se sebetse hantle le li-subscales tse 'maloa tsa BRIEF-A. Liphuputso tsena li fana ka bopaki ba pele bo tšehetsang khopolo-taba ea hore ho se sebetse hoa phethahatso ho ka ameha boitšoarong ba bosodoma.

3) Ho shebella Litšoantšo Tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Porn Porn Inthaneteng: Karolo ea Litlhahlobo Tsa ho Kopanela Liphate Tsa Botona le Botšehali le Matšoao a Maiketsetso-Maqakabetsing a Maiketsetso a ho Sebelisa Inthaneteng Litabeng Tsa ho Kopanela Liphate Inthaneteng (2011) - (mafutsana phethahatso tshebetso). Tlhaloso:

Liphello li bontša hore mathata a boits'oaro ba bophelo ba letsatsi le leng le le leng a amanang le liketso tsa ho kopanela liphate ka inthaneteng li ne li boleloa ka likamano tsa ho kopanela liphate tse tsosang takatso ea boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba maikutlo a bootsoa, ​​palo ea liketso tsa kelello, le palo ea liketso tsa thobalano tse sebelisoang ha li ntse li le lik'homphieutheng tsa bophelo ba letsatsi le leng le le leng, ha nako e sebelisitsoeng ho libaka tsa ho kopanela liphate Inthaneteng (metsotso ka letsatsi) ha ea ka ea kenya letsoho ho hlalosang phapang pakeng tsa likarolo tsa IATsex. Re bona ho tšoana ho teng pakeng tsa mekhoa ea kutloisiso ea bokooa le ea boko e ka tlatsetsang ho boloka li-cybersex tse feteletseng le tse hlalosoang bakeng sa batho ba nang le ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi

Qetellong, lipolelo tsa Slide 18 li ne li itšetlehile ka molao-motheo o hlahisoang ke mokhatlo o moholo o inehetseng meriana le lipatlisiso, The American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM), ea bona 2011 "Tlhaloso e Ncha ea Bokhoba" Ho hlahisa matšoao, matšoao le boits'oaro bo lumellanang le ho lemala ho bontša sehlopha sa linaleli liphetoho tsa boko bo ka tlaase e etsahetse (tse kang: Sensitization, Ho hlaseloa ha maikutlo, Libaka tse sa sebetsaneng tsa lipotoloho (boikaketsi), Libaka tse sa sebetseng tsa khatello ea kelello). Ke utloile hore tlhaloso e ncha ea ASAM e felisitse ngangisano ea hore na likamano tsa botona le botšehali le tsa thobalano ke "lithethefatsi tsa 'nete". Ho tsoa ho Khatiso ea ASAM:

Tlhaloso e ncha e hlahisitsoe ke ts'ebetso e matla, ea lilemo tse 'ne le litsebi tse fetang 80 tse sebetsang ka mafolofolo ho eona, ho kenyeletsoa ba boholong ba nang le lithethefatsi tse ngata, lingaka tsa meriana ea lithethefatsi le bafuputsi ba etellang pele ba neuroscience ho tsoa naheng ka bophara. … Lilemo tse mashome a mabeli tsa tsoelo-pele lithutong tsa kelello li kholisitse ASAM hore bokhoba ba tahi bo hloka ho hlalosoa bocha ke se etsahalang bokong.

Lipatlisiso li bontšitse hore mekhoa e mabeli ea boitšoaro le lik'hemik'hale e kenyelletsa liphetoho tse kholo tse tšoanang le liphatseng tsa boko le boipheliso. An Moemeli oa ASAM o ile a hlalosa:

Tlhaloso e ncha e siea khoao ea hore litla-morao tsohle — ebang ke joala, heroine kapa thobalano, li re — li ​​ntse li tšoana. Ngaka Raju Haleja, mopresidente oa mehleng oa Canadian Society for Addiction Medicine le molulasetulo oa komiti ea ASAM e entseng tlhaloso e ncha, o bolelletse The Fix, "Re shebile bokhoba e le lefu le le leng, ho fapana le ba ba bonang ba arohane mafu. Bokhoba ba tahi. Ha ho na taba hore na boko ba hao bo ferekane hakae ha bo se bo fetohile, o ka hlaseleha habonolo. ” … Thobalano kapa papali ea chelete kapa bokhoba ba lijo [li] nepahetse nthong tsohle joalo ka ho lemalla joala kapa heroine kapa "meth" ea "crystal".

Tlhaloso e tsoang ho ASAM's FAQs

POTSO: Ke eng e fapaneng ka tlhaloso ee e ncha?

KARABO: Nakong e fetileng ho ne ho shejoa haholo-holo linthong tse amanang le bokhoba ba tahi, joalo ka joala, heroine, matekoane kapa k'hok'heine. Tlhaloso ena e ncha e hlakisa hore bokhoba ba tahi ha bo mabapi le lithethefatsi, bo mabapi le boko. Hase lintho tseo motho a li sebelisang tse ba etsang hore ba lemalle; ha se palo kapa tšebeliso ea tšebeliso. Bokhoba ba tahi bo mabapi le se etsahalang bokong ba motho ha a pepesetsoa lintho tse putsang kapa boits'oaro bo khotsofatsang, mme e bua haholo ka ho potoloha ha moputso bokong le likarolo tse amanang tsa boko ho feta ka lik'hemik'hale tsa kantle kapa boits'oaro bo "bulelang" moputso oo. oa potoloho.

Kakaretso ea lintlha tse kholo tsa ASAM:

1. Tlhekefetso e bonts'a boko bo tšoanang bo fetola hore na e hlaha ka ho arabela lik'hemik'hale kapa boitšoaro.
2. Bokhoba ba tahi ke bokuli ba mantlha. Ha se hakaalo hore e bakoa ke mathata a bophelo bo botle ba kelello joalo ka mathata a maikutlo kapa a botho. Sena se tiisa khopolo e atileng ea hore boitšoaro bo lemalloang kamehla ke mofuta oa "ho iphekola" ho fokotsa mathata a mang.
3. Boits'oaro bo bobeli ba boitšoaro le lithethefatsi bo etsa liphetoho tse kholo tse tšoanang le ho potoloho ea li-neural circuit: Hypofrontality, sensitization, deensitization, liphetoho tsa lipotoloho tsa khatello ea maikutlo, joalo-joalo.
4. Tlhaloso e ncha e felisa phapang ea "ho lemalla joala le ho qobelloa" ea khale, eo hangata e neng e sebelisetsoa ho latola boteng ba litlamorao tsa boitšoaro, ho kenyeletsoa "litloaelo tsa thobalano."

qotsitsoeng ASAM's FAQs tse amanang le thobalano le bokhoba ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (ASAM e boletse "bokhoba ba boits'oaro ba thobalano" makhetlo a 10 molemong oa tlhaloso ea 2011 le li-FAQ - ho feta lithethefatsi tse ling tse kopaneng.):

POTSO: Tlhaloso ena e ncha ea tahi e bolela ho lemalla papali ea chelete, lijo le boitšoaro ba thobalano. Na ASAM e hlile e lumela hore lijo le thobalano li lemalla?

KARABO: Bokhoba ba papali ea chelete bo hlalositsoe hantle libukeng tsa mahlale ka lilemo tse mashome a 'maloa. Ebile, khatiso ea morao-rao ea DSM (DSM-5) e tla thathamisa bothata ba papali ea chelete karolong e tšoanang le mathata a ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi. Tlhaloso e ncha ea ASAM e etsa hore motho a tlohele ho lekanya bokhoba ba tahi le ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi feela, ka ho hlalosa hore na bokhoba ba tahi bo amana joang le boits'oaro bo putsang. Lena ke lekhetlo la pele ASAM e nkile boemo ba semmuso ba hore ho lemalla lithethefatsi ha se feela "ho itšetleha ka lithethefatsi". Tlhaloso ena e re bokhoba bo mabapi le ho sebetsa le ho potoloha ha boko le hore sebopeho le tšebetso ea boko ba batho ba lemaletseng joala e fapana joang le sebopeho le tšebetso ea boko ba batho ba se nang bokhoba. E bua ka meputso ea potoloho bokong le ho potoloha ho amanang, empa khatiso ha se meputsong e kantle e sebetsang tsamaisong ea moputso. Lijo le boits'oaro ba thobalano le boits'oaro ba papali ea chelete li ka amahanngoa le "ho phehella moputso" ho hlalositsoeng ka tlhaloso ena e ncha ea bokhoba.

POTSO: Ke mang ea nang le ho lemalla lijo kapa ho lemalla thobalano?

KARABO: Kaofela re na le meputso ea boko e etsang hore lijo le thobalano li putse. Ebile, ona ke mokhoa oa ho pholoha. Bokong bo phetseng hantle, meputso ena e na le mekhoa ea ho fana ka maikutlo bakeng sa ho khora kapa 'ho lekana.' Ho motho ea nang le tahi, lipotoloho li fetoha tse sa sebetseng hoo molaetsa o eang ho motho ka mong o bang 'ho feta', o lebisang ho lelekiseng meputso le / kapa phomolo ka ts'ebeliso ea lintho le boits'oaro.

TŠEBELETSO E NTSENG:

Lipolelo tse hlahisitsoeng ho Slide 18 joale li tšehelitsoe ka botlalo ke lipatlisiso. "Tšehetso e ntlafalitsoeng" ea Slide 18 e arotsoe likarolo tse 'ne:

1. Lithuto tsa kelello mabapi le basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le "makhoba a thobalano"
2. Litlhahlobo tsa lingoliloeng kapa litlhaloso tsa litlaleho
3. Lithethefatsi tsa boitšoaro le DSM le ICD
4. Litšehetso tse sa tšehetsoeng

Lithuto tsa kelello mabapi le basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le "makhoba a thobalano":

Tlhahlobo ena ea bohlokoa ka Mookameli oa Setsi sa Sechaba ka Tlhekefetso ea Joala le Tahi (NIAAA) George F. Koob, le motsamaisi oa Setsi sa Sechaba sa Tlhekefetso ea Meriana ea Meriana (NIDA) Nora D. Volkow, e hatisitsoe The New England Journal of Medicine: Tsoelo-pele ea Neurobiologic ho tswa ho Bothata ba Bokooa Tlhahlobo ea Boitšoaro (2016). ” Pampiri e hlalosa liphetoho tse kholo tsa bokong tse amanang le lithethefatsi le boits'oaro, ha e ntse e bolela serapeng sa eona se qalang hore ho lemalla thobalano ho teng:

"Re etsa qeto ea hore li-neuroscience li tsoela pele ho tšehetsa mohlala oa lefu la bokooa. Lipatlisiso tsa kelello sebakeng sena ha li fane feela ka menyetla e mecha ea ho thibela le ho phekola lithethefatsi tsa lithethefatsi le mekhoa e amanang le boitšoaro (mohlala, ho lijo, ho kopanela liphate, le papali ea chelete) .... "

Pampiri ea Volkow & Koob e hlalositse liphetoho tse tharo tsa boko tse hlahisitsoeng ho Slide 18 (ho hlohlelletsa, ho hloka boithati, lipotoloho tse sa sebetsaneng tsa lipere), hammoho le oa bone - khatello ea maikutlo e sa sebetseng. Ho tloha ka March, 2012, lipatlisiso tse ngata tsa batho ba sebelisang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le ba lemaletseng ho kopanela liphate li phatlalalitsoe. Liphetoho tsena tse 'nè tsa boko li fumanoe har'a Liphuputso tse thehiloeng ho 40 tse nang le litsebo tsa maikutlo tse sebelisoang hangata ka basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le ba lemaletseng thobalano:

• Litlaleho tsa liphuputso ho hlohlelletsa kapa ho qhekella-basebelisi ba litšebeliso tsa bootsoa bathong / ba lemaletseng ho kopanela liphate: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20.
• Litlaleho tsa liphuputso ho hloka boithati kapa tloaelo ho ba sebelisang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa / ba lemaletseng ho kopanela liphate: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
• Liphuputso tse tlalehoang boemong bo bobebe bo sebetsang (boikaketsi) kapa ts'ebetsong ea li-prefrontal ho ba sebelisang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa / ba lemaletseng ho kopanela liphate: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13.
• Liphuputso tse bontšang a khatello ea maikutlo e sa sebetseng ho basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa / ho kopanela liphate: 1, 2, 3.

Thuto e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea kelello e na le tlhaloso kapa e qaqileng le lethathamo la liphetoho tsa bokooa ba 4 tse amanang le lithethefatsi tse bontšitsoeng feela tse fumanoang li fumaneha (Ke kentse lithuto tse 3 tse phatlalalitsoeng pele ho 2012):

1) Phuputso ea pele ea liketso tsa Impulsive le Neuroanatomical tsa boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate (2009) - [lipotoloho tse sa sebetsaneng tsa boipheliso / mosebetsi o boemong bo futsanehileng] - tlhahlobo ea fMRI e amanang haholo le ba lemaletseng ho kopanela liphate. Litlaleho tsa thuto li fana ka boits'oaro bo bongata bo se nang boikaketsi mosebetsing oa Go-NoGo ho ba lemaletseng ho kopanela liphate (hypersexuals) ha bapisoa le barupeluoa ba laola. Boitsebiso ba bongobo bo senola hore ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate ha hoa ka ha hlophisa bothata bo botle ba prefrontal cortex ha bo bapisoa le taolo. Litlhaloso tse latelang:

Ho phaella ho mehato e boletsoeng ka holimo, basebeletsi ba CSB ba boetse ba bontšitse ho se ts'oanelehe haholo mosebetsing oa boitsoaro, mokhoa oa ho ea No-No o tsamaeang.

Liphello li boetse li bonts'a hore bakuli ba CSB ba bontšitse ka holimo haholo boemo bo phahameng ba sebaka se ka pele se bolela ho fapana hoa (MD) ho feta taolo. Tlhahlobo e kopanetsoeng e bontšitse likamano tse bohlokoa pakeng tsa mekhoa ea ho se nke boikutlo le mekhoa e tlase ea tšireletso ea li-anisotrophy (FA) le MD, empa ha ho mekhatlo e nang le litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa naha. Liphuputso tse joalo li bontšitse botsoalle bo bobe bo teng pakeng tsa MD le litekanyetso tse kholo tsa boitšoaro ba ho kopanela liphate.

2) Ho se tšoane ho tlalehiloeng ka boithati ka mekhoa ea boits'oaro ba tsamaiso le boitšoaro ba ho kopanela liphate ho batho ba nang le meriana le metseng ea banna (2010) - [mosebetsi o bobebe oa bolaoli] - Ntho e hlalosang:

Bakuli ba batlang thuso bakeng sa boits'oaro ba bosodoma hangata ba bonts'a likarolo tsa ho se ts'oenyehe, ho ba le kutloisiso e thata, kahlolo e fosahetseng, khaello ea taolo ea maikutlo, le ho ameha haholo ka thobalano. Tse ling tsa litšoaneleho tsena li boetse li atile har'a bakuli ba hlahisang mafu a methapo a amanang le ho se sebetse ha phethahatso. Litemoso tsena li lebisitse lipatlisisong tsa hajoale tsa phapang lipakeng tsa sehlopha sa bakuli ba hypersexual (n = 87) le sampole ea sechaba se seng sa hypersexual (n = 92) ea banna ba sebelisang Behaeve Rating Inventory ea Executive Function-Adult Version Boitšoaro ba Hypersexual bo ne bo amana hantle ka li-indices tsa lefats'e tsa ho se sebetse hantle le li-subscales tse 'maloa tsa BRIEF-A. Liphuputso tsena li fana ka bopaki ba pele bo tšehetsang khopolo-taba ea hore ho se sebetse hoa phethahatso ho ka ameha boitšoarong ba bosodoma.

3) Ho shebella Litšoantšo Tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Porn Porn Inthaneteng: Karolo ea Litlhahlobo Tsa ho Kopanela Liphate Tsa Botona le Botšehali le Matšoao a Maiketsetso-Maqakabetsing a Maiketsetso a ho Sebelisa Inthaneteng Litabeng Tsa ho Kopanela Liphate Inthaneteng (2011) - [litakatso tse kholo / ts'ebeliso e matla le bolaoli bo futsanehileng] - Ntho e hlalosang:

Liphello li bontša hore mathata a boits'oaro ba bophelo ba letsatsi le leng le le leng a amanang le liketso tsa ho kopanela liphate ka marang-rang a ne a boleloa ka likamano tsa ho kopanela liphate tse tsosang takatso ea boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate, ha nako eo e sebelisitsoeng ho libaka tsa ho kopanela liphate Inthaneteng (metsotso ka letsatsi) ha ea ka ea kenya letsoho ho hlalosang phapang pakeng tsa likarolo tsa IATsex. Re bona ho tšoana ho teng pakeng tsa mekhoa ea kutloisiso ea bokooa le ea boko e ka tlatsetsang ho boloka li-cybersex tse feteletseng le tse hlalosoang ho batho ba nang le ts'oaetso ea lithethefatsi.

4) Litšoantšo tse litšila tse ts'oanang le litšoantšo tse sebetsanang le litšoantšo tse nang le litšoantšo tse nang le litšoantšo tse ts'oanang le tsa ho sebetsa (Memory) [litakatso tse kholo / tlhokomeliso le mosebetsi o bofutsana o futsanehileng] - Ntho e hlalosang:

Batho ba bang ba tlaleha mathata nakong ea kamano ea thobalano le kamora 'marang-rang, joalo ka ho se robale le ho lebala likhetho, tse amanang le liphello tse mpe tsa bophelo. Mokhoa o mong o ka lebisang mefuteng ena ea mathata ke hore ho tsosoa ha thobalano nakong ea thobalano ea Inthanete ho ka kena-kenana le matla a ho boloka mohopolo (WM), e leng se fellang ka ho hlokomoloha tlhahisoleseding e nepahetseng ea tikoloho mme kahoo ho etsa liqeto tse mpe. Lipatlisiso li senola bobebe ba WM boemong ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba mosebetsi oa 4-khutla ha o bapisoa le maemo a mararo a setšoantšo. Liphuputso li tšohloa mabapi le lithethefatsi tsa Inthanete hobane ho kena-kenana ha WM le litsebi tse amanang le lithethefatsi li tsejoa haholo ho tsoa mekhatlong ea lithethefatsi.

5) Likamano tsa ho kopanya liphate tsa ho kopanela liphate ka ho etsa liqeto ka tlase-taba (2013) [litakatso tse kholo / tlhokomeliso le mosebetsi o bofutsana o futsanehileng] - Ntho e hlalosang:

Mosebetsi oa ho etsa liqeto o ne o le bobebe ha litšoantšo tsa thobalano li ne li amahanngoa le likarolo tse kotsi tsa karete ha li bapisoa le ts'ebetso ea ha litšoantšo tsa thobalano li ne li amana le mekotla ea bohlokoa. Ho tsosoa ka thobalano ka thobalano ho lekanya kamano pakeng tsa maemo a mosebetsi le ho etsa liqeto. Phuputso ena e hatelitse hore ho tsosoa ha thobalano ho sitisa ho etsa liqeto, e leng se ka hlalosang hore na ke hobane'ng ha batho ba bang ba e-ba le liphello tse mpe ho latela taba ea ho sebelisa li-cybersex.

6) Ho lemalla ha Cybersex: Ho tsosoa takatso ea ho kopanela liphate ha motho a shebeletse litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, eseng liketso tsa ho kopanela liphate le batho ba bang, - [litakatso tse kholo / ts'ebeliso e matla le bolaoli bo futsanehileng] - Ntho e hlalosang:

Liphello li bontša hore lits'oants'o tsa ho kopanela liphate li tsosoa le ho lakatsa ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa Inthaneteng mekhoa e boletsoeng esale pele ea ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate ka litaba tsa thobalano nakong ea thuto ea pele. Ho feta moo, ho ile ha bontšoa hore basebelisi ba nang le bothata ba ho kopanela liphate ka Inthaneteng ba tlaleha ho tsosa takatso e matla ea ho kopanela liphate le ho labalabela ho itšoara ka lebaka la litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Liphuputsong tsena ka bobeli, palo le boleng bo nang le boits'oaro ba ho kopanela liphate bophelong ba sebele bo ne bo sa kopane le ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate ka litaba tsa thobalano. Liphello li tšehetsa khopolo ea ho khotsofatsa, e leng ho qalang ho matlafatsa, ho ithuta mekhoa, le ho lakatsa ho ba le mekhoa e nepahetseng ho nts'etsopele le ho lokisoa ha lithethefatsi tsa litaba tsa thobalano. Batho ba futsanehileng kapa ba sa khotsofatsang mabitso a bophelo ba ho kopanela liphate ba ke ke ba hlalosetsa ka mokhoa o lekaneng hore na lithethefatsi tsa Inthanete li lemalla hakae

7) Takatso ea ho kopanela liphate, eseng bosodoma, e amana le likarabo tsa li-neurophysiological tse hlalositsoeng ke litšoantšo tsa thobalano (2013) - [cue-reactivity e amanang haholo le takatso e fokolang ea thobalano: sensitization le habituation] -Thuto ena ea EEG e ile ea etsoa mecheng ea litaba e le bopaki khahlanong boteng ba ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate / thobalano. Ha ho joalo. Steele et al. ha e le hantle e alima tšehetso ea ho ba le lithethefatsi tse hlephisang boitšoaro le litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso ea boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate. Joang joale? Phuputso e ile ea tlaleha litlaleho tse phahameng tsa EEG (ho amana le litšoantšo tse sa nke lehlakore) ha lihlooho li ne li pepesitsoe lifoto tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Liphuputso li bontša khafetsa hore P300 e phahameng e etsahala ha batho ba lemaletseng lithethefatsi ba pepesehela litšoantšo (tse kang litšoantšo) tse amanang le tahi ea bona.

Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la mefokolo ea mekhoa eo li fumanoang li belaela: 1) thuto e ne e se na sehlopha sa taolo sa ho bapisa; 2) lihlooho li ne li le liphatsa tsa lefutso (banna, basali, eseng batho ba bong bo fapaneng); 3) lihlooho li ne li sa hlahlojoa ke mathata a kelello kapa lithethefatsi; 4) lipotso tsa lipotso ha lia ka tsa tiisoa bakeng sa lithethefatsi tsa bootsoa.

Tumellanong le Boko ba Univesithi ea Cambridge bo hlahloba lithuto, phuputso ena ea EEG e boetse e tlaleha hore ho na le mokhoa o moholo oa ho bapala le litšoantšo tsa thobalano Nyane takatso ea ho kopanela liphate le balekane. Ho beha taba ka tsela e 'ngoe - batho ba nang le ts'ebetso e kholo ea boko ho litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba ka mpa ba ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ho feta ho kopanela liphate le motho oa sebele. Ho makatsang ke hore 'muelli oa thuto Nicole Prause o boletse hore basebelisi ba bootsoa ba na le "libido e phahameng," empa liphetho tsa phuputso li re. e fapaneng ka ho toba (Takatso ea lihlooho tsa thobalano e arohaneng e ne e theoha mabapi le ts'ebeliso ea bona ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa). Litokomane tse tšeletseng tse hlahlojoang ke lithaka li hlalosa 'nete: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Hape sheba YBOP e batsi haholo.

8) Matla a Bokooa le Mokhoa o Sebetsang Ho Sebelisana le Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Tšebeliso: Brain ka Porn (2014) - [ts'oaetso, tloaelo, le lipotoloho tse se nang thuso]. Lenaneo lena la Max Planck Institute la fMRI le tlaleha hore litho tsa 3 tsa methapo ea kutlo li tsamaisana le maemo a phahameng a ho sebelisa litšoantšo tse hlephisang boitšoaro: (1) tlaase ho moputso o mongata (dorsal striatum), (2) e seng moputso oa potoloho ea potoloho ha ho sheba lifoto tsa thobalano, (3). pakeng tsa dorsal striatum le dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Bafuputsi ba hlalosa liphetoho tsa 3 e le pontšo ea liphello tsa nako e telele ea ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Phuputso eo e itse,

Sena se lumellana le khopolo-taba ea hore ho pepeseha ho hoholo litabeng tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho fella ka ho theola-taolo ea moelelo oa tlhaho oa mahlahahlaha oa tlhaho ho sepheo sa thobalano.

Ha a hlalosa ho sebelisana ho futsanehileng pakeng tsa PFC le statum thuto eo e itse,

Ho se sebetse ha potoloho ena ho amana le khetho e sa nepahalang ea boitšoaro, e kang ho batla lithethefatsi, ho sa tsotellehe hore na ho ka ba le liphello tse mpe hakae

Mongoli oa Moeta-pele Simone Kühn o fana ka litlhaloso sehloohong se buang ka se fumanoeng:

Re nka hore litaba tse nang le litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li hloka ho tsosolosoa ho eketsehileng ho amohela moputso o lekanang. Seo se ka bolela hore ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro kamehla e senya tsamaiso ea hau ea moputso. Seo se ne se tla lumellana hantle le khopolo ea hore mekhatlo ea bona ea moputso e hloka ho tsosolosoa.

9) Li-Neural Correlates tsa Liketso Tsa ho Kopanela Liphate Tsa Batho ba Kopanetsoeng ka ho Kopanela Liphate ho Batho ba nang le Likhatello tsa Botona le Botšehali ka ho Kopanela Liphate (le 2014) - [sensitization / cue-reactivity le deensitization] Ea pele letotong la liphuputso tsa Univesithing ea Cambridge o fumane mokhoa o tšoanang oa boits'oaro ba bokooa bo hlephileng ba batho ba ts'oanang le bootsoa (lihlooho tsa CSB) joalokaha ho bonoa ke batho ba lemaletseng lithethefatsi le lino tse tahang - e leng ho ts'oaroa haholoanyane kapa ho matlafatsoa. Mofuputsi oa Moeta-pele Valerie Voon O itse:

Ho na le phapang e hlakileng ea liketso tsa boko pakeng tsa bakuli ba nang le boitšoaro ba ho kopanela liphate le baithaopi ba phetseng hantle. Phapang ena e tšoana le ea ba lemaletseng lithethefatsi.

Voon et al., 2014 le eona e fumane hore batho ba lemaletseng lit soant so tsa bootsoa ba tšoaneloa mohlala o amohelehang oa lithethefatsi ea ho e batla "it" ho feta, empa eseng ho e "rata" hape. Tlhaloso:

Ha li bapisoa le baithaopi ba phetseng hantle, lihlooho tsa CSB li ne li e-na le takatso ea ho kopanela liphate e ikhethang kapa e batla ho hlakile cues mme o ne a rata litlaleho tse ngata haholo Ho nyonya cues, ka tsela eo ho bonts'a khethollo pakeng tsa ho batla le ho e rata

Bafuputsi ba boetse ba tlaleha hore litaba tsa 60% (batho ba lilemo li lekanang: 25) li na le bothata ba ho finyella litšebeletso / ho tsosoa le balekane ba sebele, leha ho le joalo li ka finyella litlhaloso tse amanang le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Sena se bontša ho hlohlelletsa kapa ho tloaela. Litlhaloso tse latelang:

Lihlooho tsa CSB li tlalehile hore ka lebaka la tšebeliso e feteletseng ea thepa ea ho kopanela liphate ... .. e nang le phihlelo e fokotsehileng ea libido kapa mosebetsi oa erectile haholo-holo kamanong ea bona le basali (le hoja e se kamano le lintho tse hlalosang thobalano) ...

Lihlooho tsa CSB ha li bapisoa le baithaopi ba phetseng hantle li bile le bothata bo tebileng ka ho tsosoa ha thobalano le ho ba le mathata a mangata a erectile likamano tsa botona le botšehali tse atamelaneng empa eseng lihlahisoa tse hlalosang thobalano.

10) Ho ntlafatsa mekhoa ea ho ela hloko ho kopanela liphate ho batho ba nang le mekhoa ea ho kopanela liphate le ba se nang boikaketsi (2014) - [sensitization / cue-reactivity] - Thuto ea bobeli ea Univesithi ea Cambridge. Tlhaloso:

Lintho tsa rona tse fumanoang ka ho hlaka ho hohelang ... ho fana ka maikutlo a ho khoneha ho tlōla mekhoa e tsitsitseng ea tlhokomelo e fumanoang liphuputsong tsa lithethefatsi litabeng tsa lithethefatsi. Liphuputso tsena li lumellana le liphuputso tsa morao-rao tsa mekhoa e metle ea liketso tsa ho kopanela liphate ho batho ba [ba lemaletseng ho kopanela liphate] inthaneteng e tšoanang le e amehang lithutong tsa lithethefatsi-reactivity le ho fana ka ts'ehetso bakeng sa khothatso ea khopolo ea ho lemala e thehiloeng karabong ea thobalano [ litlolo tsa bootsoa]. Tlhaloso ena e bua ka litlaleho tsa rona tsa morao-rao hore livideo tse hlalosang thobalano li amana le mosebetsi o moholoanyane marangrang a neural e tšoanang le a fumanoang lithutong tsa lithethefatsi-cec-reactivity. Takatso e kholo kapa ho batla ho e-na le ho e rata e ne e kopanyelitsoe ho feta le ts'ebetsong ea marang-rang ana a neural. Lithuto tsena hammoho li fana ka ts'ehetso bakeng sa khothatso ea khothatso ea ho lemalla ho lemalla likamano tsa thobalano ho CSB.

11) Bokhoba ba Cybersex ba sebelisang basali ba bong bo fapaneng ba ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li ka hlalosoa ka ho khotsofatsa maikutlo (2014) - [litakatso tse kholo / ts'oaetso] - Ntho e hlahang:

Re ile ra hlahloba basebelisi ba 51 ba IPU le ba nang le 51 basali ba sa amaneng le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (NIPU). Re sebelisa lipotso tsa lipotso, re hlahlobile ho teba ha lithethefatsi tsa litaba tsa ho kopanela liphate ka litaba tsa thobalano ka kakaretso, hammoho le tšusumetso ea ho tsosoa ha thobalano, boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate le ho tiea ha matšoao a kelello. Ho phaella moo, paradigm ea liteko, ho kenyeletsa le palo ea ho tsosoa ha litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa 100, hammoho le matšoao a ho lakatsa, e ile ea etsoa. Lipatlisiso li bontšitse hore IPU e bontšitse litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e tsositse haholo ebile e tlaleha takatso e kholo ea tlhahiso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e bapisoa le NIPU. Ho feta moo, takatso ea ho kopanela liphate ho tsosoa ha litšoantšo, kutloisiso ea litakatso tsa thobalano, boitšoaro bo bobe ba likamano tsa botona le botšehali le ho tiea ha matšoao a kelello ho boletsoe mekhoa ea ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate le ba bang Inthaneteng ho IPU. Ho ba kamanong, palo ea batho ba kopanelang liphate, khotsofalo le batho ba kopanelang liphate, le tšebeliso ea ho kopanela liphate le ba bang ba ts'ebetsong ha ba kopane le lithethefatsi tsa thelevishene. Liphetho tsena li lumellane le tse tlalehiloeng bakeng sa banna ba bong bo fapaneng liphuputsong tsa pele. Lintho tse fumanoang mabapi le ho matlafatsa ts'ebeliso ea ho kopanela liphate, mokhoa oa ho ithuta, le karolo ea ho ts'oanela ho tsuba le ho lakatsa ho ts'oanela ho lemalla li-inthanete ho IPU ho hlokahala ho tšohloa.

12) Tlhahlobo ea Boipiletso le Tlhahlobo ea Theory ka Lintlha Tse Etsang Hore ho be le Tšebeliso ea ho Kopanela Liphate ka Tšebelisano le Boikutlo ba ho Kopanela Liphate ka Tšebelisano le Maikutlo a Maikutlo (2014) - [litakatso tse kholo / ts'oaetso] - Ntho e hlahang:

Mofuta oa ntho e tloaelehileng eo hangata e bitsoang ho lemalla ho lemalla li-cybersex (CA) le mekhoa ea eona ea tsoelo-pele e tšohloa. Mosebetsi o fetileng o fana ka maikutlo a hore batho ba bang ba ka ba kotsing ea CA, athe ts'ebetso e ntle ea ho matlafatsa le ho tseba-ts'ebetso e nkoa e le mekhoa ea motheo ea nts'etsopele ea CA. Phuputsong ena, banna ba 155 ba bong bo fapaneng ba ile ba lekanya litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba 100 'me ba bontša tsoelo-pele ea bona ea ho kopanela liphate. Ho feta moo, litloaelo tsa CA, ho utloahala ho tsitsitseng thobalano, le tšebeliso e sa sebetsang ea thobalano ka kakaretso li ile tsa hlahlojoa. Liphello tsa lipatlisiso li bontša hore ho na le lisosa tsa ts'oaetso ea CA le ho fana ka bopaki ba karolo ea ho khotsofatsa thobalano le ho sebetsana ka tsela e sa sebetseng ho nts'etsopele ea CA.

13) Mokhoa o sa tloaelehang, Boemo le ho hlokomoloha litlhohonolofatso tsa thobalano (2015) - [litakatso tse kholo / ts'ehetso e tloaelehileng / tloaelo / ts'oaetso] - Tlhahlobo e 'ngoe ea Cambridge University fMRI. Ho bapisoa le taolo ea bohloeki ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​ba khetha mokhoa o motle oa ho kopanela liphate le litšoantšo tse amanang le bootsoa. Leha ho le joalo, boko ba litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso ea ho kopanela liphate bo lemalla ho tloaela ho etsa litšoantšo tsa thobalano. Kaha ho rata lintho tse sa tloaelehang ha hoa ka ha e-ba teng pele, ho lumeloa hore lithethefatsi tsa bootsoa li khanna motho ea batlang mokhoa o mocha ka boiteko ba ho hlōla tloaelo le ho fokotsa ts'oaetso.

Boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate (CSB) bo ne bo amahanngoa le khethollo e tsitsitseng ea thobalano, ha e bapisoa le ho laola litšoantšo, le ho rata maemo a tloaelehileng bakeng sa litlhahiso tse amanang le likamano tsa botona le botšehali le lichelete ha li bapisoa le baithaopi ba phetseng hantle. Batho ba CSB ba ne ba boetse ba e-na le litlhoko tse ngata tsa ho kopanela litabeng tsa ho kopanela liphate le tsa chelete ka tekanyo ea tloaelo e amanang le likamano tse ntlafetseng tsa thobalano. Ho atamela mekhoa ea boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate ho ferekanngoa le litakatso tsa ho kopanela liphate ho ne ho amahanngoa le litšoantšo tsa thobalano. Phuputso ena e bonts'a hore batho ba CSB ba na le khetho e sa sebetsaneng ea ts'ebetso ea ho kopanela liphate e ka 'nang ea kopanngoa le kholo e kholo ea tloaelo ea ho kopanela liphate hammoho le ho ntlafatsoa ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa boemo ba ho fumana meputso. Tlhaloso:

Tlhaloso ho tsoa tokomaneng e amanang le eona:

Ba fumane hore ha ba lemaletseng ho kopanela liphate ba ne ba sheba setšoantšo se tšoanang sa thobalano hangata, ha ba bapisoa le baithaopi ba phetseng hantle ba kileng ba fokotseha haholoanyane sebakeng sa boko bo tsejoang e le ho qeta mekhoa e metle ea lik'hemik'hale, tse tsejoang hore li ameha ka ho lebella meputso le ho arabela liketsahalo tse ncha. Sena se lumellana le 'habituation', moo meriana e fumanoang e le ts'ebetso e ts'oanang le e nyane - ka mohlala, senoa sa kofi a ka fumana k'hafeine 'buzz' senoelong sa bona sa pele, empa ha nako e ntse e feta ba noa haholo kofi, e nyenyane buzz e fetoha.

Ts'ebetso ena e tloaelehileng e etsahala ho banna ba phetseng hantle ba bontšoang khafetsa video e le 'ngoe ea bootsoa. Empa ha ba sheba video e ncha, boemo ba thahasello le ho tsosoa bo khutlela moemong oa pele. Sena se bolela hore, ho thibela tloaelo, motho ea lemaletseng thobalano o tla hloka ho fumana litšoantšo tse ncha khafetsa. Ka mantsoe a mang, tloaelo e ka etsa hore ho batloe litšoantšo tse ncha.

"Lintho tseo re li fumaneng li bohlokoa haholo tabeng ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng," a phaella ka Dr Voon. "Ha ho hlakile hore na ke eng e etsang hore motho a be le bothata ba ho kopanela liphate pele ho batho ba bang, mme ho ka etsahala hore batho ba bang ba be le lithethefatsi tse ngata ho feta tse ling, ho thata haholo ho baleha. "

14) Mekhoa ea Neural ea Takatso ea ho Kopanela Liphate ho Batho ba nang le Boitšoaro bo Botle ba ho Kopanela Liphate (2015) - [ts'ebetso e kholo ea ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso / ts'ebetso ea maqhubu le li-circuits tse sa sebetseng]. - Phuputso ena ea Korea ea fMRI e hlalosang lithuto tse ling tsa bokooa ho ba sebelisang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Joalo ea Univesithi ea Cambridge e fumanoe e fumane mekhoa ea bokooa ba bokooa ba ho kopanela liphate, e neng e tšoantšetsa mekhoa ea batho ba lemaletseng lithethefatsi. Tumellanong le lipatlisiso tse 'maloa tsa Sejeremane li fumane liphetoho karolong ea prefrontal cortex e lumellanang le liphetoho tse boletsoeng lithethefatsi tsa lithethefatsi. Ntho e ncha ke hore lintho tse fumanoeng li fapane le mekhoa ea ts'ebetso ea prefrontal cortex e hlokometsoeng lithethefatsi tsa lithethefatsi: Ho tsebahala ho hoholo-ho etsa litšoantšo ho kopanela liphate ho ntse ho thibela likarabo tse ling tse sa tloaelehang. Tlhaloso:

Thuto ea rona e ne e ikemiselitse ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa li-neural correlates tsa takatso ea ho kopanela liphate le litšoantšo tse amanang le liketsahalo tse amanang le khanya ea matla a motlakase (fMRI). Batho ba mashome a mabeli a metso e meraro ba nang le lisebelisoa tse phelisang tsa bophelo ba PHB le 22 ba ile ba hlahlojoa ha ba ntse ba sheba maikutlo a ho kopanela liphate le ba bong bo fokolang. Litlhoko tsa litakatso tsa thobalano li ile tsa hlahlojoa ha li arabela tšusumetsong e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea thobalano. Mabapi le taolo, batho ba nang le PHB ba ne ba e-na le takatso ea ho kopanela liphate khafetsa le ho ntlafatsoa nakong ea ho pepeseha tšusumetso ea thobalano. Ts'ebetso e kholo e ne e bonoa ka nucleus e ka tlaase, e nang le litebelisoa tse fokolang tsa parietal, tse kentsoeng ka pele ho tse ling tsa cingulate gyrus, thalamus le dorsolateral prefrontal cortex ho sehlopha sa PHB ho feta sehlopha sa taolo. Ho phaella moo, mekhoa ea tlhaho ea tlhaho ea libaka libakeng tse ts'oetsitsoeng e fapane pakeng tsa lihlopha. Tumellanong le liphuputso tsa lithuto tsa ho nahana ka bokooa tsa lithethefatsi le boitšoaro bo hlephileng, batho ba nang le litšoaneleho tsa boitšoaro ba PHB le takatso e matlafalitsoeng e bonts'itsoe ho etsoa lichabeng tsa prefrontal cortex le subcortical

15) Ho feto-fetoha ha molumo oa menyetla e metle ea morao-rao ka litšoantšo tsa thobalano ho basebelisi ba mathata le taolo e sa lumellaneng le "Tlhekefetso ea Litšoantšo" (2015) - [tloaelo] - Thuto ea bobeli ea EEG e tsoang sehlopheng sa Prause. Phuputso ena e bapisitse lithuto tsa 2013 ho tloha Steele et al., 2013 ho sehlopha sa taolo ea 'nete (leha ho le joalo e ile ea ba le mathata a tšoanang le a mekhoa e boletsoeng kaholimo). Liphetho: Ha li bapisoa le taolo "batho ba nang le mathata a ho laola ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" ba bile le tlaase boko bo arabela motsotsoana o le mong ho litšoantšo tsa litšoantšo tsa porno tsa vanilla. Sengoli se etelletseng pele se re liphetho tsena ke "debunk porno." Ke rasaense ea utloahalang ea ka bolelang hore thuto ea bona e le 'ngoe e sa tloaelehang e thehile tšimo e tsitsitseng ea thuto?

Ha e le hantle, liphuputso tsa Prause et al. 2015 lumellana ka ho phethahetseng le Kühn le Gallinat (2014), e leng ho fumanoang hore litšoantšo tse ling tsa litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso li tsamaisana hantle le ho sebelisoa ha boko bo fokolang ho latela litšoantšo tsa litšoantšo tsa vanilla Thapelo et al a Liphuputso li boetse li lumellana le Banca et al. 2015 e leng #13 lenaneng lena. Ho feta moo, thuto e 'ngoe ea EEG e fumane hore tšebeliso e mpe ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho basali e tsamaellanang le ts'ebeliso e nyane ea boko ho litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Lipalo tse tlase tsa EEG li bolela hore lihlooho ha li ele hloko litšoantšo. Ka mantsoe a bonolo, basebelisi ba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro khafetsa ba ne ba sa rate litšoantšo tse litšila tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa vanilla. Ba ne ba jeoa ke bolutu (ba tloaetse kapa ba sa rate). Bona sena YBOP e batsi haholo. Litokomane tse supileng tse hlahlojoang ke lithaka li lumellana hore thuto ena e hlileng e fumanoe e le ts'oaetso / tloaelo ho ba sebelisang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (e ts'oanang le ho lemalla): 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.

16) HPA Axis Dysregulation ho banna ba nang le lefu la Hypersexual Disorder (2015) - [ho se sebetsane le khatello ea kelello e sa sebetseng] - Phuputso e nang le ba lemaletseng ho kopanela liphate le banna ba 67 le litaelo tsa 39 tsa lilemo. Motsoako oa Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) ke setha se seholo karolong ea rona ea khatello ea maikutlo. Litšitiso fetola lipotoloho tsa khatello ea boko e leng se lebisang ho axisisi e sa sebetseng ea HPA. Phuputso ena mabapi le ba lemaletseng ho kopanela liphate (ho kopanela liphate) e fumanoe e fetotsoe likarabo tsa khatello tse bontšang liphuputso tse nang le lithethefatsi tsa lithethefatsi. Litlhaloso tse qalang tsa khatiso ea khatiso:

Thuto e ne e amana le banna ba 67 ba nang le lefu la hypersexual le 39 tse laolehileng hantle. Barupeluoa ba ne ba fumanoa ka hloko hore ba na le bothata ba ho tšoaetsanoa ke lefu la ho tšoaetsoa ke lefu le ho tšoaroa ke ho tepella maikutlong kapa ho tsieleha ha bana. Bafuputsi ba ile ba ba fa tekanyo e tlase ea dexamethasone mantsiboeeng a pele ho teko ho thibela phekolo ea bona ea khatello ea maikutlo, 'me hoseng ba lekanya likarolo tsa bona tsa li-hormone tsa khatello ea kelello cortisol le ACTH. Ba fumane hore bakuli ba nang le bothata ba hypersexual ba ne ba e-na le litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa lihomone tse joalo ho feta ho laola bophelo bo botle, phapang e setseng esita le ka mor'a ho laola ho tepella maikutlong le ho tsieleha ha bana.

Moprofesa Jokinen o re: "Mookameli oa khatello ea kelello o 'nile oa bonoa pele ho bakuli ba tepeletseng maikutlo le ba ipolaeang hammoho le batho ba sebelisang hampe hampe." "Lilemong tsa morao tjena, ho tsepamisitse maikutlo ho 'nile ha e-ba hore na ho sithabela ha bana ho ka lebisa tlhokomelong ea mekhoa ea khatello ea' mele ka mokhoa oo ho thoeng ke mekhoa ea epigenetic, ka mantsoe a mang kamoo libaka tsa bona tsa kelello li ka susumetsang liphatsa tsa lefutso tse laolang tsamaiso ena." Ho ea ka bafuputsi, liphello li bontša hore tsamaiso e tšoanang ea neurobiological e amehang ka mofuta o mong oa tlhekefetso e ka sebetsa ho batho ba nang le bothata ba ho hlekefetsoa.

17) Tlhokomelo ea Prefrontal le ho lemalla li-intanete: mokhoa oa ho itlhahloba le ho hlahlojoa ha liphuputso tsa methapo ea matšoao le lihlooho tsa motlakase (2015) - [lipotoloho tse sa sebetsaneng tsa boipheliso / bohloki bo bobebe le ts'ebetso] - Ntho e hlakileng:

Tumellanong le sena, liphetho tsa ts'ebetso e sebetsang ea neuroimaging le lithuto tse ling tsa methapo ea kutlo li bontša hore ho ts'oaroa, ho lakatsa le ho etsa liqeto ke mehopolo ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ho utloisisa ho lemalla ha marang-rang. Liphuputso mabapi le phokotso ea taolo ea phethahatso li tsamaellana le litloaelo tse ling tsa boits'oaro, joalo ka papali ea chelete. Ba boetse ba totobatsa tlhophiso ea ketsahalo ena e le bokhoba ba tahi, hobane ho boetse ho na le ho tšoana ho hongata ka liphumano tse itšetlehileng ka lithethefatsi. Ho feta moo, liphetho tsa boithuto ba hajoale li tšoana le liphuputso tse tsoang lipatlisisong tsa ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi 'me li totobatsa lipapiso lipakeng tsa bokhoba ba ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang le ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi kapa litloaelo tse ling tsa boitšoaro.

18) Mekhatlo e tobileng ea ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate ka litaba tsa thobalano: Ho Fetola Tlhahlobo e Kopaneng ea Mokhatlo ka litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. (2015) - [litakatso tse kholo / ts'oaetso] - Ntho e hlakileng:

Liphuputso tsa morao-rao li bonts'a ho tšoana lipakeng tsa bokhoba ba ts'ebeliso ea inthanete le ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi 'me li pheha khang ea ho khetholla bokhoba ba ts'ebeliso ea inthanete e le bokhoba ba boitšoaro. Ka ho itšetleha ka lithethefatsi, mekhatlo e ikemetseng e tsejoa hore e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa, 'me mekhatlo e joalo e ikemetseng ha e so ka e ithutoa ka bokhoba ba cybersex ho fihlela joale. Thutong ena ea liteko, banna le barupeluoa ba 128 ba batona le ba batšehali ba qetileng tlhahlobo ea Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998) e fetotsoeng ka litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ho feta moo, boits'oaro bo bothateng ba thobalano, maikutlo a ho khahlisa thobalano, litabatabelo tsa ho lemalla ho ts'oaroa ka thobalano, le takatso e ikemetseng ka lebaka la ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li ile tsa hlahlojoa. Liphetho li bonts'a likamano tse ntle lipakeng tsa mekhatlo e ikemetseng ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tse nang le maikutlo le mekhoa e metle ea ho lemalla ho ts'oaroa ka thobalano, boits'oaro bo thata ba thobalano, kutloelo-bohloko mabapi le nyakallo ea thobalano le takatso e matla. Ho feta moo, tlhahlobo e lekantsoeng ea khatello ea maikutlo e senotse hore batho ba tlalehileng takatso e phahameng ea boikokobetso mme ba bonts'a litloaelano tse hlakileng tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse nang le maikutlo a matle, haholo-holo a lemaletseng ho lemalla ts'oaetso ea cybersex. Liphuputso li fana ka maikutlo a karolo e ka bang karolo ea likamano tse ntle tse hlakileng le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho nts'etsopele le tlhokomelo ea bokhoba ba thobalano ea cyber. Ho feta moo, liphetho tsa boithuto ba hajoale li tšoana le liphuputso tse tsoang lipatlisisong tsa ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi 'me li totobatsa lipapiso lipakeng tsa bokhoba ba ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang le ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi kapa litloaelo tse ling tsa boitšoaro.

19) Matšoao a ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate le ba bang Inthaneteng a ka kopanngoa le bobeli ba atamela le ho qoba tšusumetso ea litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso: liphello ho latela mohlala oa analog oa basebelisi ba kamehla ba inthaneteng ea Internet (2015) - [litakatso tse kholo / ts'oaetso] - Ntho e hlakileng:

Mekhoa e meng e bua ka ho ts'oana le mekhoa e metle eo mekhoa ea ho itšireletsa kapa ea ho qoba ho eona e leng mekhoa ea bohlokoa. Bafuputsi ba 'maloa ba' nile ba pheha khang ea hore nakong ea qeto e amanang le lithethefatsi, batho ba ka 'na ba bontša mekhoa ea ho atamela kapa ho qoba tšusumetso e amanang le lithethefatsi. Phuputsong ea morao-rao 123 banna ba bong bo fapaneng ba ile ba qeta mokhoa oa ho qoba-mosebetsi (AAT; Rinck le Becker, 2007) e fetotsoe ka litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Nakong ea baithaopi ba AAT ba ne ba tlameha ho sutumelletsa maikutlo a bootsoa kapa ba e hulele ho bona ka thabo. Ho lemoha litakatso tsa thobalano, boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate le mekhoa ea ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate ka litaba tsa thobalano ho ile ha hlahlojoa ka lipotso.

Liphello li bontšitse hore batho ba nang le litšekamelo tsa ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate le ba bang Inthaneteng ba ne ba tloaetse ho atamela kapa ho qoba tšusumetso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Ho phaella moo, lipatlisiso tsa boipiletso bo itekanetseng li senoletse hore batho ba nang le litakatso tse phahameng tsa ho kopanela liphate le boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate ba bontšitseng mekhoa e metle ea ho itšireletsa / ho qoba, ba tlaleha matšoao a phahameng a ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate ka Inthanete Lintho tse amanang le ho itšetlehile ka lithethefatsi, liphello li bontša hore mekhoa ea bobeli le mekhoa ea ho qoba e ka 'na ea phetha karolo ea ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate le batho ba bang le ba bang. Ho feta moo, ho sebelisana le kutloisiso tabeng ea ho tsosoa ha thobalano le boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate ho ka ba le phello e matla holim'a boima ba litletlebo tse ikhethang bophelong ba letsatsi le leng le le leng ka lebaka la tšebeliso ea inthanete. Liphuputso tsena li fana ka bopaki bo bong bo hlakileng ba ho ts'oana ha lithethefatsi le ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi. Ho tšoana ho joalo ho ka khutlisetsoa ho tšoana le mehaho e tšoanang ea lik'homphieutha le lithethefatsi tse amanang le lithethefatsi.

20) Ho khomarela litšoantšo tsa bootsoa? Ho hlokomoloha kapa ho hlokomoloha maemo a ts'oanang le litaba tsa ho kopanela liphate ka litaba tsa ho qoqa le ba bang ka litaba tsa thobalano ho na le maemo a mangata a amanang le matšoao a ts'oaetso ea ho kopanela liphate le ba bang ba libanese (2015 - [litakatso tse kholo / ts'ehetso le bolaoli ba bolaoli bo futsanehileng] - Ntho e hlakileng:

Batho ba bang ba ja litaba tsa ho kopanela liphate ka Inthanete, tse kang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​ka mokhoa o lemalloang, o lebisang liphellong tse mpe bophelong ba bona kapa mosebetsing. Mokhoa o mong o lebisang liphellong tse mpe o ka fokotsoa ts'ebetso ea taolo ea ts'ebetso holim'a ts'ebetso le boitšoaro bo ka 'nang ba hlokahala ho lemoha ho fetoha ha sepheo pakeng tsa tšebeliso ea cybersex le mesebetsi e meng le boikarabelo ba bophelo. E le hore re rarolle ntlha ena, re ile ra batlisisa barupeluoa ba 104 banna ba nang le paradigm e nang le litekanyetso tse kholo tse nang le lihlopha tse peli: Setho se seng se ne se e-na le litšoantšo tsa batho, setšoantšo se seng se ne se e-na le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ka bobeli li beha litšoantšo hore li behoe ho latela maemo a itseng. Sepheo se hlakileng e ne e le ho sebetsa mesebetsing eohle ea likarolo ho likhakanyo tse lekanang, ka ho fetola lipakeng tsa mesebetsi le lihlopha ka mokhoa o leka-lekaneng.

Re fumane hore ts'ebetso e fokolang ka mokhoa o fokolang pondigm ena e mengata e ne e amahanngoa le mokhoa o phahameng oa ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate Inthaneteng. Batho ba nang le tšekamelo ena ba atisa ho sebelisa kapa ho hlokomolohuoa ba sebetsang litšoantšong tsa bootsoa. Liphello li bontša hore tsamaiso e fokolisitsoeng ea taolo ea ts'ebetso ea ho etsa mesebetsi e mengata, ha e tobane le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​e ka tlatsetsa boitšoarong bo sa sebetseng le liphello tse mpe tse bakoang ke lithethefatsi tsa litaba tsa thobalano. Leha ho le joalo, batho ba nang le mekhoa e metle ea ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate ka litaba tsa ho kopanela liphate ho bonahala eka ba na le tšekamelo ea ho qoba kapa ho atamela boitsebiso bo litšila ba ho kopanela liphate, joalokaha ho buuoe ka mekhoa e susumetsang ea ho lemala.

21) Tlhahiso-morao Hamorao Meputso ea Thabo ea Hona Joale: Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Li Sebelisoa ke Nako ea ho Kopanela Liphoso le ho lieha Ho Fumana (2015) - [taolo ea bolaoli bo futsanehileng: teko ea ho etsa lintho] - Litlhaku tse ling:

Thuto 1: Barupeluoa ba qetile litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba sebelisa lipotso tsa lipotso le mosebetsi oa ho fokotsa litheko nakong ea 1 ebe hape libeke tse 'ne hamorao. Barupeluoa ba tlalehang tšebeliso e phahameng ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba bonts'a sekhahla se phahameng sa litheolelo ho Time 2, ba laola ho fokotsa litheolelo tsa pele. Thuto 2: Barupeluoa ba neng ba qoba ho sheba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ba bonts'a litheolelo tse tlase ho feta tsa barupeluoa ba neng ba sa je lijo tseo ba li ratang.

Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Inthanete ke moputso oa thobalano o tlatsetsang ho fokotsa ho fokotsa ho fapana le meputso e meng ea tlhaho, esita le ha tšebeliso e sa tsitellehe kapa e lemalla. Patlisiso ena e etsa monehelo oa bohlokoa, ho bontša hore phello e feta ka nakoana e tsositseng.

Ho sebelisa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho ka etsa hore motho a khotsofale ka potlako ka thobalano empa a ka ba le tšusumetso e fetisang le ho ama libaka tse ling tsa bophelo ba motho, haholo-holo likamano.

Seo se fumanang se bontša hore litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa Inthanete ke moputso oa thobalano o tlatsetsang ho fokotsa ho fokotsa ho fapana le meputso e meng ea tlhaho. Ka lebaka leo, ke habohlokoa ho tšoara litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro e le tšusumetso e ikhethang bakeng sa lithuto tsa boipheliso, ho hloka maikutlo, le ho lemalla lithethefatsi le ho sebelisa sena ka tsela e nepahetseng kalafo ka bomong hammoho le kamanong ea bona.

22) Ho khaotsa ho kopanela liphate le ho se sebetse ka mokhoa o sa sebetseng Ho lekanyetsa ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate ka thobalano ho banna ba bong bo fapaneng (2015) - [litakatso tse kholo / ts'oaetso] - Ntho e hlakileng:

Liphuputso tsa morao-rao li bontšitse botsoalle pakeng tsa ts'oaetso ea CyberSex Addiction (CA) le lits'oants'o tsa thabo ea thobalano, le hore ho sebetsana le boitšoaro bo bobe ba thobalano ho buisana le kamano pakeng tsa thabo ea thobalano le matšoao a CA. Sepheo sa thuto ena e ne e le ho leka ho phelisana ena ka mohlala oa banna ba bong bo tšoanang. Lipotso tse hlahlojoang matšoao a CA, ho utloisisa litakatso tsa thobalano, litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li sebelisa tšusumetso, boitšoaro bo bobe ba likamano tsa botona le botšehali, matšoao a kelello, le boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate bophelong ba sebele le inthaneteng. Ho feta moo, barupeluoa ba ne ba shebella livideo tsa bootsoa 'me ba bontša hore ba tsosoa ka thobalano pele le ka mor'a video e hlahisa maikutlo. Liphello li ile tsa bontša likamano tse matla pakeng tsa matšoao a CA le matšoao a tsosang takatso ea thobalano le thabo ea thobalano, ho sebetsana le boitšoaro ba thobalano le matšoao a kelello. CA e ne e sa amahanngoa le boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate le nako ea ho sebelisa li-cybersex ka beke le beke. Ho sebetsana le mekhoa ea ho kopanela liphate ho arolelana kamano pakeng tsa thabo ea thobalano le CA. Liphello li tšoana le tse tlalehoang ka banna le basali ba bong bo fapaneng lithutong tsa nakong e fetileng 'me li tšohloa khahlanong le moelelo oa likhopolo-taba tsa CA, tse totobatsang karolo ea ts'ebeliso e nepahetseng le e mpe ka lebaka la tšebeliso ea litaba tsa Inthanete.

23) Boikarabello ba ho "Neuroinflammation" ho Pathophysiology ea Hypersexual Disorder (2016) - [Khatello ea maikutlo e sa sebetseng le ho ruruha] - Phuputso ena e tlalehile maemo a holimo a ho potoloha Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) ho batho ba lemaletseng thobalano ha ba bapisoa le taolo e nepahetseng. Methati e phahameng ea TNF (letšoao la ho ruruha) le eona e fumanoe ho batho ba sebelisang hampe lithethefatsi le liphoofolo tse lemaletseng lithethefatsi (joala, heroin, meth). Ho bile le likamano tse matla lipakeng tsa maemo a TNF le litekanyo tsa litekanyetso tse lekanyang bosodoma.

24) Methylation ea HPA Axis Matšoao a amanang le banna ka Hypersexual Disorder (2017) - [karabelo e sa sebetseng ea khatello ea maikutlo] - Ena ke tatellano ea #8 ka holimo e leng ho fumanoang hore lithethefatsi tsa batho ba kopanelang liphate li na le mekhoa ea khatello ea kelello e sa sebetseng - phetoho e kholo ea phetoho e bakoang ke ho lemalla. Phuputso ea morao-rao e fumane liphetoho tsa epigenetic liphatseng tsa lefutso tse kenang mofuteng oa khatello ea motho le ho amana haufi le ho lemala. Ka liphetoho tsa epigenetic, ho latellana ha DNA ha ho fetoloe (joalokaha ho etsahala ka phetoho ea maikutlo). Ho e-na le hoo, liphatsa tsa lefutso li ngotsoe 'me polelo ea eona e nyoloha kapa e theoha (video e khutšoanyane e hlalosang epigenetics). Liphetoho tsa epigenetic tse tlalehiloeng thuputsong ena li entse hore ho fetoloe mosebetsi oa liphatsa tsa lefutso la CRF. CRF ke neurotransmitter le hormone e khanna boitšoaro bo hlephileng tse kang litakatso, 'me ke sebapali se seholo ka matšoao a mangata a ho tlohela a amanang le 'ona lisebelisoa 'me boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba boitšoaro, ho kenyelletswa le ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate.

25) Boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho Kopanela liphate: Prefrontal le Limbic Volume le Interactions (2016) - [lipotoloho tse sa sebetseng tsa pele le ho hlohlelletsa] - Ena ke thuto ea fMRI. Ha li bapisoa le taolo e phetseng hantle bafo ba CSB (batho ba lemaletseng litšoantšo tsa bootsoa) ba ne ba eketsehile ka bongata ba amygdala mme ba fokotsa khokahano e sebetsang lipakeng tsa amygdala le dorsolateral prefrontal cortex DLPFC. Khokahano e fokotsehileng ea ts'ebetso lipakeng tsa amygdala le prefrontal cortex e tsamaellanang le lithethefatsi. Ho nahanoa hore khokahano e futsanehileng e fokotsa taolo ea "prefrontal" ea "cortex" holima tšusumetso ea mosebelisi ea ho kenella boitšoarong bo hlephileng. Phuputso ena e fana ka maikutlo a hore chefo ea lithethefatsi e ka lebisa ho taba e se nang bohlooho mme ka hona ea fokotsa bophahamo ba amygdala ho makhoba a lithethefatsi. Amygdala e lula e le mafolofolo nakong ea ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​haholo-holo nakong ea ho pepesehela thobalano. Mohlomong khafetsa thobalano ho tsebahala le ho batlisisa le ho batla ho lebisa phello e ikhethang ho amygdala ho basebelisi ba ts'oaetso ea bootsoa. Ntle le moo, lilemo tsa bokhoba ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le litlamorao tse mpe li bohloko haholo - mme cho imeloa kelellong kelellong ho amana le e eketsehile amygdala volume. Thuto #16 ka holimo o fumane hore "batho ba lemaletseng ho kopanela liphate" ba na le khatello ea kelello e feteletseng. Na ho imeloa kelellong ho sa feleng ho amanang le ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate le ho kopanela liphate, hammoho le lisosa tse etsang hore ho kopanela liphate ho ikhethoe, ho na le molumo o moholo oa amygdala Tlhaloso:

Liphuputso tsa rona tsa morao-rao li totobatsa meqolo e phahameng sebakeng se kenyelletsoang ke botsitso bo susumetsang le boemo bo tlase ba ho phomola ho hokahanya ha li-prefrontal top-down control control control networks. Ho senyeha ha marang-rang a joalo ho ka 'na ha hlalosa mekhoa ea boits'oaro ea boitšoaro mabapi le moputso o sa tsitsitseng oa tikoloho kapa ts'ebeliso e matla ea ts'ebeliso e matla ho tse ling tse khothatsang. Le hoja lipatlisiso tsa rona tsa boipheliso li fapane le tsa SUD, liphuputso tsena li ka 'na tsa bontša phapang e le ho sebetsa ha liphello tsa meriana ea ho sebelisa lithethefatsi tse sa foleng. Bopaki bo hlahang bo bontša hore ho na le monyetla o moholo oa ho ts'oaetsoa ke ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi ka ho khetheha ho tšehetsa likhopolo tsa khothatso. Re bonts'itse hore ts'ebetso ena ea marang-rang ea bokhoni e ntlafatsoa ka mor'a ho pepesehela li-cues tse matla kapa tse khethiloeng ka ho kopanela liphate [Brand et al., 2016;; Seok le Sohn, 2015;; Voon et al., 2014] hammoho le ho ba le mekhoa e metle ea ho ela hloko [Mechelmans et al., 2014] 'me u lakatse ka ho khetheha ka thobalano empa e se takatso ea ho kopanela liphate ka botlalo [Brand et al., 2016;; Voon et al., 2014]. Tlhokomelo e ntlafetseng litabeng tsa ho kopanela liphate e amahanngoa haholo le khetho ea liketso tsa thobalano, e leng se tiisang kamano pakeng tsa boemo ba ho kopanela liphate le ho ba le boiketlo [Banca et al., 2016]. Liphuputso tsena tsa mosebetsi o ntlafetseng tse amanang le likamano tsa ho kopanela liphate li fapane le tsa phello (kapa ts'ebetso e sa lumellaneng) eo ho eona mokhoa o ntlafetseng, mohlomong o lumellanang le khopolo ea ho mamella, ho eketsa khetho ea likhang tsa thobalano [Banca et al., 2016]. Hammoho tsena li fumanoa li thusa ho utloisisa hore na ho na le phekolo ea mofuta ofe ea motheo ea boloetse ba boloetse ba kokoana-hloko ea CSB e lebisang kutloisisong e kholo ea boloetse le ho tsebahatsa mekhoa ea phekolo ea meriana.

26) Tsela ea Ventral Striatum Ha ho Shebella Litšoantšo Tse Ikhethang Tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa li kopantsoe le Matšoao a Litlhaselo Tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Tsa Inthanete (2016) - [ts'ebetso e kholo ea ts'ebetso / ts'oaetso] - Phuputso ea Jeremane ea fMRI. Ho fumana #1: Ketsahalo ea setsi sa moputso (ventral striatum) e ne e phahametse litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse khethiloeng. Ho fumana #2: Ventral striatum reactivity e amanang le marang-rang a ho lemalla thobalano. Liphuputso tsena ka bobeli li bontša ho hlokomelisa le ho lumellana le mokhoa oa ho lemala. Bangoli ba bolela hore "Nako ea Neural ea ho lemalla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho Internet e tšoana le lithethefatsi tse ling." Tlhaloso ea sehlooho:

Mofuta o mong oa ho lemalla lithethefatsi ke ho sebelisa litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ea boitšoaro bo bobe, tseo hape ho thoeng ke ho lemalla boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho Internet kapa ho Internet. Liphuputso tse entsoeng ka mahlaseli a maiketsetso li fumanoe lipapaling tsa baithaopi ha barupeluoa ba shebeletse maikutlo a hlakileng a ho kopanela liphate ha ba bapisoa le boitsebiso bo sa hlakileng ba ho kopanela liphate le litaba tsa bokooa Hona joale re na le maikutlo a hore lipapali tsa bootsoa li lokela ho arabela litšoantšong tsa bootsoa ha li bapisoa le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse sa khethoeng le hore mosebetsi oa ventral striatum ka phapang ena o lokela ho amana le matšoao a ikhethileng a ho lemalla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Re ile ra ithuta barupeluoa ba 19 ba bong bo fapaneng le setšoantšo sa paradigm ho akarelletsa le boitsebiso bo bong bo hlephileng ba bootsoa bo sa khethiloeng.

Litšoantšo tse tsoang mokhatlong o khethiloeng li ne li nkoa e le tse ling tse tsosang, tse sa thabiseng, le tse haufi le tse ntle. Karabo ea sekhahla sa Ventral e ne e le matla bakeng sa maemo a khethiloeng a bapisoa le litšoantšo tse sa khethoeng. Mesebetsi ea thibelo ea Ventral e fapaneng le eona e ne e amana le matšoao a boitsebiso ba ho lemalla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Inthaneteng. Boikokobetso bo ikhethang bo ne bo boetse e le boitsebiso bo bolelang feela bo hlakileng boemong ba ho hlahlojoa ka matla ka boipheliso bo lekaneng le ho ba le matšoao a itekanetseng a ho lemalla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba Inthaneteng, boithabiso bo tloaelehileng ba ho kopanela liphate, boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate, ho tetebela maikutlong, kutloisiso ea batho ba bang, le boitšoaro ba thobalano matsatsing a ho qetela . Liphetho li tšehetsa karolo ea sebopeho sa ventral ha ho etsoa moputso tebello le ho khotsofatsoa ho kopantsoeng le boitsebiso bo hlephileng ba bootsoa bo ikhethang. Mekhoa ea moputso tebello ea tlhahiso ea li-ventral e ka tlatsetsa tlhaloso ea neural ea hore na ke hobane'ng ha batho ba nang le litakatso tse itseng le maikutlo a ho kopanela liphate ba kotsing ea ho lahleheloa ke taolo ea bona ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.

27) Boemo bo fetotsoeng ba ho ba le takatso ea ho ba le takatso ea ho ba le takatso ea ho ba le takatso ea ho kopanela liphate (2016) - [ts'ebetso e kholo ea ts'ebetso / ts'ebetso le li-circuits tse sa sebetseng] - Puisano ena ea Sejeremane ea fMRI e hlalositse lithuto tse peli tse kholo Voon et al., 2014 'me Ho tloha 2014. Liphuputso tse ka sehloohong: Li-correlate tsa neural tsa boemo ba ho khotsofatsa le ho kopanya li-neural li fetotsoe sehlopheng sa CSB. Ho ea ka bafuputsi, phetoho ea pele - ts'ebetso e matlafalitsoeng ea amygdala - e kanna ea bonts'a maemo a nolofalitsoeng ("wiring" e kholo ho se neng se sa jele paate se neng se bolela litšoantšo tse litšila). Phetoho ea bobeli - phokotso ea khokahano lipakeng tsa ventral striatum le preortal cortex - e ka ba sesupo sa ho holofala ha bokhoni ba ho laola maikutlo. Bafuputsi ba itse, "[Liphetoho tsena] li lumellana le lithuto tse ling tse batlisisang li-neural correlates tsa mathata a ho lemalla ho lemalla ho lemalla ho lemalla ho lemala le ho laola maikutlo. ” Liphuputso tsa ts'ebetso e kholo ea amygdalar ho li-cues (ho hlohlelletsa) le ho fokotsa ho hokahanya pakeng tsa setsi sa moputso le prefrontal cortex (boikaketsi) ke liphetoho tse peli tsa boko bo boholo bo bonoang ho lemalla lithethefatsi. Ho phaella moo, 3 ea basebelisi ba ts'oaetso ba bootsoa ba 20 ba na le bothata ba "bothata ba ho fokotsa" orgasmic-erection ". Tlhaloso:

Ka kakaretso, ho hlokometsoe mosebetsi oa amygdala o eketsehileng le ho fokotsa li-ventral-PFC ho fokotseha ka nako e tšoanang ho lumella likhopolo-taba mabapi le botumo le ho phekoloa ha CSB. Lihlooho tsa CSB li ne li bonahala li le bonolo haholo ho theha mekhatlo pakeng tsa likarolo tse sa nke lehlakore le likoetliso tse amanang le tikoloho. Ka hona, lihlooho tsena li ka 'na tsa kopana le maikutlo a etsang hore boitšoaro bo atamele. Ebang sena se lebisa ho CSB kapa ke phello ea CSB e tlameha ho arajoa ke lipatlisiso tse tlang. Ho phaella moo, mekhoa ea molao ea tsamaiso e sa sebetseng, e bontšoang ka ho fokotsa likamano tse fokolang tsa li-ventra-prefrontal, e ka tsoela pele ho ts'ehetsa ho boloka boitšoaro bo botle.

28) Ho qobella ho sebelisoa hampe hohle ha ho sebelisoa hampe meriana ea lithethefatsi le e sa sebeliseng lithethefatsi (2016) - [ts'ebetso e kholo ea ts'ebetso / ts'ehetso, likhallelo tse ntlafalitsoeng] - Puisano ena ea Cambridge University fMRI e bapisa likarolo tsa ho qobelloa ke lino tse tahang, batho ba jang joala, libapali tsa lipapali tsa video le ba lemaletseng lithethefatsi (CSB). Litlhaloso tse latelang:

Ho fapana le mathata a mang, CSB ha e bapisoa le HV e bontšitse ka potlako tlatsetso bakeng sa liphello tsa moputso hammoho le mamello e kholo ho boemo ba moputso ho sa tsotellehe liphello. Lihlooho tsa CSB ha lia ka tsa bontša mathata leha e le afe a totobetseng a ho fetola kapa ho fetola ho ithuta. Liphuputso tsena li lumellana le liphuputso tsa rona tsa pele tsa khethollo e ntlafetseng bakeng sa mekhoa e amanang le thobalano kapa liphello tsa lichelete, ka kakaretso ho fana ka maikutlo a ho matlafatsa kutloisiso bakeng sa meputso (Banca et al., 2016). Liphuputso tse ling tse sebelisang meputso e babatsehang li bontšoa.

29) Ho lakatsa ka ho toba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro le ho ithuta ka ho kopanela liphate ho bolela esale pele mekhoa ea ho itšireletsa ka thobalano ka ho kopanela liphate Inthaneteng ka mohlala oa batho ba tloaetseng ho sebelisa li-cybersex (2016) - [ts'ebetso e kholo ea ho ts'oaea / ho hlohlelletsa, ho arabela likarabo tse ntlafalitsoeng] - Thuto ena e ikhethang e ile ea etsa hore ho be le libopeho tse sa jeleng paate, tse neng li bolela esale pele ponahalo ea bootsoa. Litlhaloso tse latelang:

Ha ho lumellane mabapi le litekanyetso tsa ho hlahloba lithethefatsi tsa ho kopanela liphate le ba bang ba inthaneteng. Ba bang ba atamela ho ngola lintho tse tšoanang le ho itšetlehile ka lits'ebetso tsa motsoako, tseo thuto ea boikhopotso e leng mokhoa oa bohlokoa. Phuputsong ena, banna ba 86 ba bong bo fapaneng ba ile ba qeta Standard Pavlovian ho ea ho Etsa Lintho tsa Boipiletso tse fetoletsoeng ka litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso ea bootsoa ho ea batlisisa thuto ea ho kopanela liphate ka ho lemalla lithethefatsi tsa li-cybersex. Ho phaella moo, takatso ea ho ipeha tlasa ka lebaka la ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le mekhoa ea ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate ka litaba tsa thobalano e ile ea hlahlojoa. Liphello li bontšitse phello ea ho lakatsa ho ipeha kotsing ka mekhoa ea ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate ka litaba tsa ho kopanela liphate, e itekanetseng ke thuto ea metsoalle Ka kakaretso, liphuputso tsena li bua ka karolo ea bohlokoa ea thuto ea ho kopanela liphate bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea ho lemalla ho lemalla li-cybersex, ha e ntse e fane ka bopaki bo eketsehileng ba bopaki ba ho tšoana pakeng tsa ho itšetlehile ka lithethefatsi le ho lemalla lithethefatsi ka litaba tsa thobalano. Ka kakaretso, liphello tsa phuputso ea morao-rao li bontša hore thuto ea ho kopanya li ka 'na ea phetha karolo ea bohlokoa mabapi le tsoelo-pele ea ho lemalla li-cybersex. Liphuputso tsa rona li fana ka bopaki bo eketsehileng ba ho tšoana ho teng pakeng tsa ho lemalla li-cybersex le ho itšetleha ka lithethefatsi ho tloha ha tšusumetso ea takatso ea ho ipeha tlaase le thuto ea mahlahana e bontšitsoe.

30) Ho hlahloba kamano pakeng tsa ho qobelloa ho kopanela liphate le mekhoa ea ho ela hloko ka litaba tsa thobalano ho sehlopha sa batho ba kopanelang liphate (2017) - [ts'ebetso e kholo ea ts'ebetso / ts'ebetso, ts'oaetso] - Phatlalatso ena e hlalosa liphihlelo tsa thuto ena ea 2014 Cambridge University, e neng e bapisa leeme la tlhokomelo ea batho ba lemaletseng ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka taolo e nepahetseng. Mona ke ntho e ncha: Phuputso e hokahantse "lilemo tsa thobalano" le 1) lintlha tsa bokhoba ba thobalano le 2) liphetho tsa mosebetsi oa ho ela hloko. Har'a ba ipehelang litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa thobalano, ho fokotseha lilemo tsa boiphihlelo ba thobalano li amana le e kholoanyane khethollo (tlhaloso ea khethollo). Ka lebaka leo ho qobella ho kopanela liphate ho phahameng ho feta lilemo tse 'maloa tsa phihlelo ea ho kopanela liphate = matšoao a maholo a ho lemala (ho ba le mekhoa e mengata ea ho tsuba kapa ho sitisa). Empa ho ba le mekhoa e meholo ho fokotseha ka matla ho basebelisi ba qobelloang, 'me ho nyamela ka palo e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea lilemo tsa thobalano. Bangoli ba ile ba etsa qeto ea hore sephetho sena se ka bontša hore lilemo tse ngata tsa "ho kopanela liphate ka ho qobella" li etsa hore motho a tloaele ho phela kapa a ferekane ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa ho khahlisoa ke menyaka. Tlhaloso ea sephetho:

Tlhaloso e le 'ngoe e ka hlahisoang ke liphello tsena ke hore ha motho ea kopanelang liphate a etsa boitšoaro bo boima ba ho kopanela liphate, setšoantšo se tsosolositsoeng se tsosolositsoeng se hlahisa [36-38] le hore ha nako e ntse e ea, boitšoaro bo feteletseng bo hlokeha bakeng sa boemo bo tšoanang ba ho tsosoa. Ho tsoela pele ho pheha khang ea hore ha motho e mong a e-na le boitšoaro bo bongata ba ho qobella, litsela tsa mokokotlo li fetoha leeme ho feta tse 'tloaelehileng' tsa ho kopanela liphate kapa litšoantšo le batho ka bomong ba fetela hohle 'ho feteletseng' ho susumetsa ho tsosoa ha maikutlo. Sena se lumellana le mosebetsi o bontšang hore banna ba phelang hantle 'meleng ba tloaetse ho ba le maikutlo a hlakileng ka mor'a nako le hore tloaelo ena e khetholloa ka ho fokotseha ho tsosoa le ho khotsofatsa likarabo [39]. Sena se fana ka maikutlo a hore barupeluoa ba bangata ba iketselitseng likamano tsa botona le botšehali ba fetohile ba "fokolang" kapa ba sa tsotellane le mantsoe a "tloaelehileng" a amanang le ho kopanela liphate a sebelisitsoeng thutong ea hona joale 'me ka mokhoa ona ho fokotsa ho hloka tlhokomelo, ha ba nang le ts'oaetso e ngata le tsebo e fokolang ba ntse ba bontša tšitiso hobane ts'ebetso e bonahatsa ts'oaetso e matlafatsang haholoanyane

31) Boikutlo bo fetohileng ka mor'a ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro Inthaneteng bo amana le matšoao a Inthanete-litšoantšo tsa bootsoa-ho sheba bothata (2016) - [litakatso tse kholo / tlhokomeliso, ho sa rate hakaalo] - Litlhaku tse ling:

Liphetho tsa mantlha tsa thuto ke hore litloaelo tsa ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng (IPD) li ne li amahanngoa hampe le ho ikutloa o le motle, o tsohile, o khobile matšoafo hape o na le khatello ea kelello bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi le sepheo sa ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng le ho qoba maikutlo. Ntle le moo, litloaelo tsa IPD li ne li amana hampe le maikutlo pele le kamora ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng le keketseho ea 'nete ea khutso le khutso. Kamano pakeng tsa litloaelo tsa IPD le thabo e batlang ka lebaka la inthanete-ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e ile ea lekanyetsoa ke tlhahlobo ea khotsofalo e nang le boiphihlelo. Ka kakaretso, liphetho tsa boithuto li tsamaellana le khopolo-taba ea hore IPD e hokahane le tšusumetso ea ho fumana khotsofalo ea thobalano le ho qoba kapa ho sebetsana ka katleho le maikutlo a ferekanyang le mohopolo oa hore maikutlo a fetoha ka mor'a ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa a hokahane le IPD (Cooper et al., 1999 'me Laier le Brand, 2014).

32) Boits'oaro ba botona le botšehali bathong ba baholo: Mekhatlo ho pholletsa le mefuta e fapaneng ea lik'hamphani, mekhoa ea ho itšoara le ea maikutlo (2016) - [bofutsana bo sebetsang boemong bo botle] - Batho ba nang le bothata ba ho kopanela liphate ka bothata ba botona kapa botšehali (PSB) ba ile ba bontša mefokolo e mengata ea kutloisiso ea maikutlo. Liphuputso tsena li bontša bofutsana e sebetsang ka katleho (boikaketsi) e leng tšobotsi ea boko bo ka sehloohong e hlahelang lithethefatsi tsa lithethefatsi. Litlhaloso tse 'maloa:

E 'ngoe e ikhethang e bakoang ke tlhahlobo ena ke hore PSB e bonts'a mekhatlo e mengata e nang le lintlha tse ngata tse sa pheleng, tse kenyeletsang ho itšepa ho fokolang, boleng bo fokolang ba bophelo, bonyane ba BMI, le litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa mathata a mangata ...

... hape ho ka etsahala hore likarolo tsa kliniki tse khethiloeng sehlopheng sa PSB li hlile li bakoa ke phapang ea thuto e phahameng e hlahisang PSB le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa kliniki. Ntho e ka 'nang ea e-ba eona e tlatsetsang karolo ena e ka ba litšenyehelo tsa tšohanyetso tse fumanoang sehlopheng sa PSB, haholo-holo tse amanang le ho sebetsa mohopolong, ho se ts'oanelehe / ho laola maikutlo le ho etsa liqeto. Ho latela litšoantšo tsena, hoa khoneha ho latisa mathata a hlahang ho PSB le likarolo tse eketsehileng tsa kliniki, tse kang ho senyeha maikutlo maikutlong, ho senyeha ho itseng ho tsebo ...

Haeba mathata a ho nahanisisa a hlalositsoeng tlhahisoleseding ena ke ha e le hantle karolo ea mantlha ea PSB, sena se ka 'na sa e-ba le litlhaloso tse kholo tsa kliniki.

33) Tšebeliso e sebetsang ea banna ba kopanelang liphate le ba sa kopaneleng liphate Pele ho 'me ka mor'a ho shebella video ea Erotic (2017) - [bohloki bo bobebe bo sebetsang, litakatso tse matla / tlhokomeliso] - Ho pepesa maikutlo ho litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho amme batsamaisi ba sebetsang ho banna ba nang le "boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate," empa ba sa laole bophelo bo botle. Mookameli ea futsanehileng ea sebetsang ha a pepesehetse lits'ebeletso tse amanang le lithethefatsi ke letšoao la mathata a litšila (ho bonts'a bobeli ho fetoloa lipotoloho tsa prefrontal 'me ho hlohlelletsa). Litlhaloso tse latelang:

Tlhaloso ena e bontša hore ho na le mekhoa e metle ea ho ba le tsebo ka mor'a ho kopanela liphate ka litekanyetso ho bapisoa le barupeluoa ba qobellang ho kopanela liphate. Ts'ehetso ea litaba tsena e tšehetsa khopolo ea hore banna ba kopanelang liphate ba se ke ba sebelisa monyetla oa ho ithuta ho tsoa phihlelo, e leng se ka etsang hore ho ntlafatsoe boitšoaro bo ntlafetseng. Hape sena se ka utloisisoa e le ho se be le phello ea thuto ka sehlopha sa likamano tsa botona le botšehali ha ba ne ba tsosoa ka thobalano, ho tšoana le se etsahalang nakong ea ts'oaetso ea thobalano, e qalang ka palo e ntseng e eketseha ea ho lemoha thobalano, e lateloa ke ts'ebetsong ea thobalano litokomane le ho hlahisa maikutlo, hangata ho amanang le ho hlaheloa ke maemo a kotsi.

34) Na Litšoantšo Tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa li ka ba Tsa Lematsa? Thuto ea fMRI ea Batho ba Batlang Phekolo ea Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Tse Senyang Bothata Sebelisa (2017) - [ts'ebetso e kholo ea ts'ebetso / ts'ebetso, ho arabela likarabo tse matlafalitsoeng] - Tlhahlobo ea fMRI e amanang le sekhetho se ikhethileng sa mahlakore a se nang lehlakore se bolelang hore ho na le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Litlhaloso tse latelang:

Batho ba nang le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba bile ba se na mathata (PPU) ba fapane ka tsela eo ba bonang litšoantšo ka eona, empa ha ba itšoare ka litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso, ka tsela e lumellanang le ho khothalletsa khopolo ea ho hloka taolo. Ts'ebetso ena ea boko e ne e tsamaea le boikutlo bo eketsehileng ba boits'oaro ba ho sheba litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso (ho 'batla' holimo). Tlhahiso-pele ea ho hlasela ha li-ventral bakeng sa ho tseba litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso e ne e amana haholo le matla a PPU, palo ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tse sebelisoang beke le palo ea ho ipholla litho tsa beke le beke. Liphuputso tsa rona li fana ka maikutlo a hore joaloka tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi le papali ea chelete ho senyeha mekhoa ea neural le ea boitšoaro e amanang le ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebetso ea lits'ebeletso e amana le bohlokoa ho likarolo tse sebetsang tsa PPU. Liphuputso tsena li fana ka maikutlo a hore PPU e ka 'na ea emela ho lemalla boitšoaro le hore mehato e thusang ho lebisa tlhokomelo ea boitšoaro le lithethefatsi tsa lithethefatsi ho nahana ka ho fetola le ho sebelisa ho thusa banna ba nang le PPU.

35) Mekhoa ea ho hlokomeleha le e sa hlokomelehang ea maikutlo: Na e khathatsa ka nako e telele ea bootsoa Sebelisa? (2017) - [Tloaelo kapa Tlholohelo ea maikutlo] - Boithuto bo ile ba lekoa likarabo tsa basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (litemana tsa EEG le Karabo ea Startle) ho litšoantšo tse fapaneng tse susumetsang maikutlo - ho kenyeletsoa le maikutlo. Phuputso e fumane phapang e mengata ea methapo lipakeng tsa basebelisi ba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro le basebelisi ba litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso. Litemana tse qotsitsoeng:

Liphuputso li bontša hore ho eketseha ha litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho bonahala eka ho na le tšusumetso ho likarabo tsa boko tse sa tsebeng ho ba le tšusumetso ea maikutlo e sa bontšoang ka tlaleho e hlakileng ea boipiletso.

4.1. Litlhaloso tse hlakileng: Ho thahasellisang, sehlopha se phahameng sa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso ea boitšoaro bo bobe se ile sa lekanya litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e le tse sa thabiseng ho feta sehlopha se sebelisoang. Bangoli ba fana ka maikutlo a hore sena se ka 'na sa bakoa ke tlhaho e "bonolo" ea "litšoantšo" tse nang le setšoantšo sa IAPS se sa faneng ka mokhoa oa ho susumetsa seo ba ka se batlang, joalokaha o bontšitsoe ke Harper le Hodgins [58] hore ka ho shebella hangata litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​hangata batho ba bangata ba eketseha ka ho sheba boitsebiso bo matla haholo ho boloka boemo bo tšoanang ba ho tsosoa ha 'mele. Sehlopha sa "maikutlo a monate" se ile sa fumana likarolo tsa li-valence tsa lihlopha tse tharo tse batlang li lekana le sehlopha se phahameng sa lihlopha ho sheba litšoantšo e le ntho e sa thabiseng ka ho fetisisa ho feta lihlopha tse ling. Sena se ka boela sa bakoa ke litšoantšo tse "thabisang" tse hlahisitsoeng e sa ba susumetsang ka ho lekana bakeng sa batho ba sehlopha se phahameng. Liphuputso li 'nile tsa bontša hore ho na le mokhoa o fokolang oa phekolo ho latela mokhoa oa ho khotsofatsa ka lebaka la tloaelo ea batho ba atisang ho batla boitsebiso ba bootsoa [3, 7, 8]. Ke litsebi tsa bangoli hore sena se ka 'na sa ikarabella bakeng sa liphetho tse boletsoeng.

4.3. Setlexe Reflex Modulation (SRM): Lebelo le phahameng la amplitude startle effect le sebelisoang lihlopheng tse tlase le tse bohareng tsa tšebeliso ea bootsoa li ka hlalosoa ke ba sehlopheng ba ikemiselitseng ho qoba tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, kaha ba ka fumana e le ntho e sa thabiseng. Ntle le moo, liphello tse fumanoang li ka 'na tsa e-ba teng ka lebaka la tloaelo ea ho tloaela batho, moo batho ba lihlopheng tsena ba shebelang litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ho feta kamoo ba bo boletseng ka ho hlaka-mohlomong ka lebaka la ho hlajoa ke lihlong har'a batho ba bang,41, 42].

36) Ho ipapisa le thobalano ea ho kopanela liphate ho etsa hore ho be le likhaello tse kholoanyane tse lebisang tlhokomelo e eketsehileng ho ho ba le litlokotsi tsa Cyber ​​har'a batho (2017) - ho sebetsa ka mokhoa o bobebe, ho hloka boithati - ho leka ho etsa lintho tse ling] - Liphuputso tse peli tse pepeneneng le ts'oaetso ea ho kopanela liphate e hlahisitsoeng ke: 1) ho lieha ho fokotsa ts'oaetso (ho sitoa ho lieha ho khotsofatsa), 2) kholo e kholo ea ho kenella ts'ebetsong ea bongata, 3) tšekamelo ea ho reka thepa ea maiketsetso le ho senya akhaonto ea motho ea Facebook. Ho kopanngoa sena ho bontša hore tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso e eketsa ts'oaetso 'me e ka fokotsa mesebetsi e meng ea bolaoli (boits'oaro, kahlolo, liphello tse bonang pele, ho laola maikutlo). Tlhaloso:

Batho ba atisa ho kopana le maikutlo a ho kopanela liphate nakong ea tšebeliso ea Inthanete. Lipatlisiso li bontšitse hore tšusumetso e matlafatsang takatso ea ho kopanela liphate e ka lebisa tlhokomelo e kholo ho banna, joalokaha e bonahalitsoe ka ho fokotsa nako ea nakoana (e leng, tloaelo ea ho khetha tse nyenyane, tse fumanoang ka potlako ho tse khōloanyane, nakong e tlang).

Qetellong, liphello tsa morao-rao li bonts'a setsoalle pakeng tsa litakatso tsa botona le botšehali (mohlala, ho pepesehela litšoantšo tsa basali ba ts'oarelo kapa liaparo tse tsosang takatso ea ho kopanela liphate) le ho kenya letsoho ha banna mokhoeng oa tlhekefetso ea cyber. Seo re se fumaneng se fana ka maikutlo a hore ho se tsitsisehe ha banna le boits'oaro, joalo ka ha bo bonahatsoa ka ho theoleloa ha nakoana, ho ka etsahala hore ba hlōlehe ho tobana le tšusumetso ea thobalano e tloaelehileng. Banna ba ka rua molemo ka ho hlahloba hore na ho pepeseha tšusumetso ea thobalano ho amahanngoa le khetho ea bona ea boitšoaro bo bobe. Seo re se fumaneng se fana ka maikutlo a hore ho kopanela litabeng tsa thobalano ho ka etsa hore banna ba theohe tseleng ea tlhekefetso ea cyber

Liphetho tsa morao-rao li bontša hore ho fumaneha ha maemo a ho kopanela liphate mocheng oa marang-rang ho ka ba le kamano e haufi haholo le boitšoaro ba banna ba tlōlo ea molao ho feta kamoo ho neng ho nahanoa kateng pele.

37) Li-predictors bakeng sa (Bothata) Tšebeliso ea Inthanete Tšusumetso ea ho kopanela liphate: Karolo ea Tšoaro-tšebetso ea ho kopanela liphate le Tsela e totobetseng Tendencies ho ea ka litaba tsa thobalano (2017) - [ho tseba ho hongata ho matlafatsa / ho hlohlelletsa / litakatso] - Litlhaku tse latelang:

Phuputso ea morao tjena e ile ea batlisisa hore na tšusumetso ea thobalano le mekhoa ea ho kopanela liphate ke mekhoa e metle ea hore na SEM e sebelisoe joang le hore na letsatsi le leng le le leng le qeta ho shebella SEM. Ka teko ea boitšoaro, re sebelisitse Tsela ea ho Qoba ho Abela (AAT) bakeng sa ho lekanya mekhoa e metle ea litloaelo tsa thobalano. Tšebelisano e ntle pakeng tsa mekhoa e metle ea SEM le letsatsi le leng le le leng le sebelisitsoeng ho shebella SEM li ka hlalosoa ka liphello tse lebisang tlhokomelo: Tloaelo e hlakileng ea mokhoa o ka hlalosoang e le khethollo ea bohlokoa ho SEM. Sehlooho se nang le khethollo ena e ka 'na ea khahloa ke ho kopanela liphate Inthaneteng se hlahisang nako e ngata e sebelisitsoeng ho SEM.

Litlhahlobo tsa morao tjena tsa lingoliloeng:

Lipampiri tse peli tse qalileng ho hlahlojoa ke lithaka li fana ka moelelo o moholo oa lithuto tse ngata tsa pele tsa meriana. Tlhaloso ea pele e tsoang ho Park et al., 2016 o hlalosa kamoo litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso tsa marang-rang li sebetsang ka tsela e matla le e matlafatsang (tse ngata tse ka holimo li boletsoeng ka hare):

3.3. Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Inthaneteng Sebelisa Joaloka Mosebetsi oa Boithaopo

Ha tsamaiso ea moputso e khothalletsa likokoana-hloko hore li hopole le ho pheta mekhoa e nyonyehang, e kang ho kopanela liphate, ho ja le ho kopanela liphate, litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse sa tloaelehang tsa Inthanete li sebelisa e ka ba mosebetsi oa boithati [95]. Mokhoa oa moputso o kotsing ea thuto ea mafu a maholo [96], haholo-holo lichabeng, tse kang kotsi e khōlō ea ho lemala [97, 98] le tšebeliso e khōloanyane ea "litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro" (ho robala le ho kopanela liphate le bana)99]. Litsela tse 'maloa tsa lipatlisiso li qalile ho lemoha ho kopana ha li-substrate tsa neural tsa ho ithuta ka thobalano le lithethefatsi [100, 101]. Ka mohlala, boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate le lithethefatsi tse lemaletseng lithethefatsi li etsa lihlahisoa tse tšoanang tsa neurone ka har'a mehaho e tšoanang ea meputso ea tsamaiso (NAc, basolateral amygdala, sebakeng se ka pele sa sebaka sa maiketsetso) [102]. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ho na le karolo e fokolang e teng pakeng tsa meputso e meng ea tlhaho (lijo, metsi) le lithethefatsi tse lemalang, tse kang cocaine le methamphetamine [102]. Ka hona, tšebeliso ea methamphetamine e sebelisa mekhoa e tšoanang le li-substrate tsa neural joalokaha e le moputso oa tlhaho oa ho tsosoa ha thobalano [103]. Phuputsong e 'ngoe, lithethefatsi tsa cocaine li ne li batla li tšoana hantle le bokooa ha li sheba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tse amanang le lithethefatsi tsa tsona, empa mekhoa ea boikoetliso ba boko ha ho shebella litšoantšo tsa tlhaho li fapane haholo [104].

Ho feta moo, boitšoaro bo bobeli ba ho kopanela liphate le ts'ebetso ea phekolo ea psychostimulant e pheta-pheta ho hlahisa taolo ea Delta FosB, ntho e ngotsoeng e khothalletsang liphetoho tse 'maloa tsa phekolo ea meriana e matlafatsang tsamaiso ea dopamine ea mesolimbic ho etsa mosebetsi [103]. Tšebelisong ea lithethefatsi ka bobeli le litefello tsa ho kopanela liphate, molao-motheo ona ho NAC neurons e le 'ngoe o kopanngoa ka dopamine receptors [103]. Ts'ebetso ena e etsa hore motho e mong le e mong a susumelletsehe ho susumelletseha ho kopana le ts'ebetso ena (matla a tsosolositsoeng a khothatsang) [105]. Ho ipapisa le likamano tse amanang le hona ho etsa hore batho ba lakatse ho kopanela boitšoarong (ho "eketseha" ho eketsehileng), 'me ho ka lebisa tlhobelisong ea ho qobella [106]. Ha ba bapisa Pitchers et al. o ile a etsa qeto ea hore, "Meputso ea tlhaho le lithethefatsi ha e fetohe ka tsela e le 'ngoe feela ea li-molecule, e fetola li-molecule tse tšoanang, mme e ka' na ea e-ba li-neurons tse tšoanang NAC, ho susumetsa matla a khothatsang le" ho batla "mefuta e 'meli ea moputso "[103]. Ka mokhoa o tšoanang, tlhahlobo ea 2016 ea Kraus, Voon le Potenza e tiisitse hore, "Ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng ea methapo ea meriana e ka tlatsetsa ho [boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate] le mathata a ho sebelisoa ha lithethefatsi, le lipatlisiso tsa morao-rao tsa bokooa li bontša phapang e amanang le takatso le litakatso"107].

Ho fihlela joale, likotsi tse ka 'nang tsa e-ba teng bophelong ba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Inthanete ha lia utloisisoe hantle joaloka tsa joala le tšebeliso ea koae, le litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso tsa Inthanete li sebelisoa ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng joaloka boitšoaro bo tloaelehileng'108,109]. Mohlomong ke ka lebaka lena banna ba liehang ho kopanya litšoantšo tsa bona tsa bootsoa ka mathata a bona a thobalano. Ha e le hantle, "Ke mang ea sa shebelleng litšoantšo tsa bootsoa matsatsing ana?" E mong oa bahlanka ba rona ba servicemen o ile a botsa ngaka ea hae. O ne a nka hore tsoelo-pele ea hae e thata ke ntho e tloaelehileng, mohlomong le bopaki ba libido tse phahameng [110]. Leha ho le joalo, ho na le bopaki bo ntseng bo eketseha ba hore e ne e le pontšo ea mekhoa e amanang le lithethefatsi [31, 52, 54, 73, 86, 107, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122]. Bafuputsi ba Mafinnishe ba fumane "boithabiso ba batho ba baholo" e le eona lebaka le tloaelehileng la ho sebelisa li-intanete ho sebelisa Inthanete [123], le ho ithuta ka nako e telele lik'homphieutheng tse bontšang hore litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso tsa Inthanete li ka 'na tsa e-ba le bokhoni bo phahameng ba ho lemala [124], ka ho bapala Inthaneteng ka motsotsoana oa bobeli lithutong tseo ka bobeli. Ho fihlela joale, bothata ba ho bapala lipapali tsa Inthanete (IGD) bo reretsoe ho tsoela pele ho ithuta Buka ea ho hlahloba le ea Statistical ea Mathata a kelello (DSM-5) [125], ha ts'oaetso ea lithethefatsi ea ho lemalla lithethefatsi e sa le joalo. Leha ho le joalo, ho latela mofuputsi oa UK, Griffiths, "motheo oa ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate ka tsela e ts'oanelang ho na le IGD" [73]. Ha e le hantle, litsebi tse fapa-fapaneng tsa ho lemalla lithethefatsi li batla hore lithethefatsi tsa Inthanete li nkoe e le bothata bo akaretsang ka lihlopha tse ling tse khethehileng tse kang ho bapala le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa [118, 126, 127, 128]. Tlhahlobo ea 2015 e ile ea boela ea etsa qeto ea hore ho lemalla boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho Internet ho lokela ho nkoa e le karolo e nyenyane ea lithethefatsi tsa Inthanete, e leng DSM [118].

Hoa thahasellisa hore ebe serisi sa rona sa bobeli se kopana le mekhoa e mengata e hlahisoang bakeng sa IGD ho DSM-5, e fetotsoeng bakeng sa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa Inthanete tse sebelisoang. O ile a bontša tse latelang: (1) ho ameha ka litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa Inthanete; (2) tahlehelo ea thahasello tabeng ea ho kopanela liphate le molekane oa hae oa sebele-joalo ka phello; (3) matšoao a ho itokolla ho kang ho halefa le ho hlonama; (4) ho batla litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho lokisa maikutlo a hae a mebe; (5) ho sitoa ho tlohela ho sa tsotellehe mathata a maholo; le (6) ho nyolohela ho boitsebiso bo bong bo hlakileng.

qotsitsoeng Litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso, Thabo, le thobalano: Ho ea ho Hedonic Reinforcement Model ea Inthaneteng Media Media (2017), e hlalosang hore na ke hobane'ng ha litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba Inthanete li ka matlafatsa haholo-holo:

Hedonic Reinforcement

Karolong ea bobeli ea mohlala, re beha hore IP e sebeletsa e le matla a matla a ho ts'ehetsa likamano tsa thobalano tsa hedonic. Le hoja mesebetsi ea thobalano ea mofuta leha e le efe e ka ba e thabisang ka tekanyo e itseng, IP e fana ka monyetla oa ho kopanya libuka tse tobileng, tse fumanehang habonolo, tse tsoelang pele, le meputso e potlakileng ka tsela e ikhethang le e matla haholo (mohlala, Gola et al., 2016). Mesebetsi e mengata e tloaelehileng, e seng ea ts'ebetso e fana ka maikutlo a mangata (mohlala, Foubert, 2016; Wilson, 2014; Struthers, 2009). Ho phaella moo, litlhahlobo tse fokolang li nahane hore ho na le monyetla oa hore IP e emela boikutlo bo hlollang ka mokhoa o sa tloaelehang (mohlala, Barrett, 2010; Hilton, 2013; Grinde, 2002) ho latela moloko oa batho. Leha ho le joalo, ho fihlela joale, ha ho na tlhahlobo e hlophisitsoeng ea ho hlahloba monyetla oa hore litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li emela moputso o moholo oa hedonic. Likarolong tse latelang, re hlahloba bopaki ba mohato ona oa bobeli.

Ke hobane'ng ha IP e ka matlafatsa ka ho khetheha?

Mohopolo oa tšusumetso e putsang haholo ho builoe ka ona ka botlalo ho lingoliloeng tse fapaneng ka mashome a lilemo. Ho becha (Zuckerman & Kuhlman, 2000; Fauth-Buhler, Mann, & Potenza, 2016), lithethefatsi (Nesse & Berridge, 1997), esita le lipapali tsa video (Koepp et al., 1998) kaofela ha tsona li khothalelitsoe e le tšusumetso e putsang haholo hoo sebelisa hampe lisebelisoa tsa ho iphetola ha lintho. Ho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea mehlala e boletsoeng ka holimo, boits'oaro (mohlala, papali ea chelete) bo sebelisa mokhoa o tsoetseng pele oa ho iphetola ha lintho (mohlala, ho batla maikutlo / ho ipeha kotsing) mme bo hlahisa moputso o matla (mohlala, menyetla ea ho hlola tahlehelo) e putsang drive ka kotloloho le hanghang . Hape, joalo ka ha ho boletsoe pejana, paterone ena e tlalehiloe hantle lingoliloeng mabapi le tlala.

 Tlala ke koloi e khethiloeng ka ho iphetola hoa lintho e hlokahalang bakeng sa ho phela (Pinel, Assanand, & Lehman, 2000; van de Pos & Ridder, 2006). Joalo ka takatso ea thobalano, tlala e boetse e kenyelletsa karolo ea hedonic (Lowe & Butrin, 2007). Batho ba natefeloa ke ho ja lijo tse fihlelang litlhoko tsa mantlha tsa bioloji (Mela, 2006). Leha ho le joalo, batho le bona ba na le bokhoni bo ikhethileng ba ho iketsetsa meputso e matla le ho feta e fetang litšenyehelo tse ngata tsa matla le boiteko tse neng li ka hlokahala, ho ea ka nalane, bakeng sa ho kholisa. Sena se totobala ka ho khetheha ponong ea lijo tsa morao-rao (kholisong ea motho). Lijo tsena hangata li kenyelletsa metsoako e metle ea litatso tse tsoekere, tse letsoai le tse letsoai tse putsoang haholo ho nts'etsopele ea tlala e tsoetseng pele (Gearhardt, Davis, Kuschner, & Brownell, 2011). Ha nako e ntse e feta, ho phatlalatsoa ha lijo tse joalo, hammoho le boiketlo boo li fumanehang hona joale, ka theko le ho ata, ho bakile liphetoho tsa setso ka kakaretso mekhoeng ea tšebeliso ea lijo (Drewnowski & Specter, 2004; Hardin-Fanning & Rayens, 2015) , lijo tse ngata tsa hedonic (Monteiro et al., 2013), botenya bo eketsehileng (Gearhardt et al., 2011), 'me, maemong a feteletseng, mekhoa ea ts'ebeliso ea lijo e bonahalang e lemalla kapa e qobella (Gearhardt et al., 2011). Mesebetsi ea pele le eona e khothalelitse ho tšoana ho tšoanang le mathata IPU (Holo, 2013; Lerato, Laier, Brand, Hatch, & Hajela, 2015).

Ho tšoana le tlala, litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li ka 'na tsa kena ho batho ka nako e le' ngoe li fumanoa ka ho kopanela liphate (Malamuth, 1996; Salmon, 2012). Mokhanni oa thobalano ke tlhaho ea motho ea bohlokoa, e hlokahalang bakeng sa ho phela ha mofuta ona. Joalokaha ho 'nile ha phehisana khang libakeng tse ling (mohlala, Salmon, 2012), litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li hlahile ka mokhoa oa ho khotsofatsa koloi eo ka tsela e ikhethang. Ka ho khetheha, litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li sebelisa mekhoa ea ho iphetola ha lintho ho phehella ho phela hantle 'meleng le mokhoa o sa tloaelehang ho batho ba kopanelang liphate (Salmone, 2012), ha li sa ntse li lumella ho sireletsa matla le matla ka ho etsa boiteko bo fokolang ba sechaba. Le hoja mecha ea phatlalatso ea thobalano e bile teng ka lilemo tse fetang lekholo hona joale, mefuta e mengata e tsitsitseng, ho fumaneha, le ho fihlella ha IP e etsa hore e be tšusumetso e ikhethang tabeng ea ho iphetola ha batho ka tsela e tšoanang le lijo tse sa phekoleheng. Ka kakaretso, lintlha tsena li supa tšusumetso e ntle haholo le e khotsofatsang ka mokhoa o ikhethang ho ho iphetola ha lintho tsa thobalano.

Ho fihlella ha IP

Bakeng sa batho ba bangata, meputso e fumanoang kapele le ha bonolo hangata e nkuoa e le khetho ho meputso e liehang, leha meputso e liehang e ka ba betere ho feta (mohlala, ho lieha ho khotsofatsa, ho lieha ho theola; Bickel & Marsch, 2001). Ena ke karolo e le 'ngoe ea lintho tse etsang hore lintho tse ngata tse kenyang menyaka, tse matlafatsang kelello li iketsetse tloaelo (mohlala, Bickel & Marsch, 2001): Le ha ho na le mabaka a mang a ka tlatsetsang mekhoeng ea boits'oaro ba boikhohomoso (mohlala, ho its'etleha' meleng, boits'oaro ba lefutso), kamano lipakeng tsa tšusumetso mme moputso oa hanghang e ka ba mokhoa oa ho itloaetsa. Ho aha hodima sena, mosebetsi oa thuto o boletsoeng pejana o phehile khang ea hore hanghang theknoloji ea inthanete ka kakaretso e hlahisa meputso ea boits'oaro ba inthanete ka sekhahla se neng se e-so ka se bonoa ke tse ling, tse seng likhemik'hale (Davis, 2001).

Ho tloha qalong, lipatlisiso tsa IP li 'nile tsa hatisa khafetsa boemo ba hanghang ba tikoloho ea inthanete joalo ka ha bo emela phetoho e ncha le e ka bang le mathata molemong oa meputso e tloaelehileng ea boralitaba tse hlalosang thobalano ka kakaretso (Cooper et al., 1998; Schwartz & Southern, 2000) . Ha ts'ebelisano ea thobalano e arohaneng hangata e hloka boikitlaetso ba sechaba mme ha media o tloaelehileng, o hatisitsoeng kapa o rekotiloeng o hlahisa thobalano o hloka bonyane boiteko bo itseng le litšenyehelo ho o fumana (mohlala, ho khanna le ho sebelisa chelete holong ea batho ba baholo kapa lebenkeleng), IP e fumaneha kapele le ha bonolo, e fana ka e na le melemo ea ho matlafatsa boits'oaro bo ikhethileng bakeng sa khotsofalo ea takatso ea thobalano le ho khanna.

IP e kanna ea emela mokhoa o ikhethileng o bonolo oa ho fumana khotsofalo ea thobalano eo pele e neng e e-so ho ka e bonoa maemong a ho iphetola ha batho. Phuputsong ea boleng bo holimo e neng e hlahlojoe (Rothman et al., 2015) ea bocha ba toropo, sehlooho se ka sehloohong se amanang le ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e ne e le ho fumaneha le bonolo ba phihlello. Ntle le moo, ka har'a sampole e ts'oanang, ho ne ho boetse ho na le litlaleho tsa ts'ebeliso ea IP, ka karolo e 'ngoe, ka lebaka la boiketlo boo IPU e khotsofatsang litakatso tsa thobalano kapa ho imolla tsitsipano ea thobalano. IP e ne e le bonolo ho e sebelisa, e tlatselitseng ho sebeliseng mekhoa. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, thutong ea boleng bo phahameng (Löfgren-Mårtenson & Månsson, 2010), ea bacha ba Sweden (N= 73; 49% monna; Palo ea 14-20), IPU e ne e hlalosoa e le mokhoa o potlakileng le o bonolo oa ho fumana thabo ea thobalano le ho lokolla tsitsipano ea thobalano. Ka kakaretso, lipatlisiso tsena li fana ka tšehetso ea hore qeto e 'ngoe ea likarolo tse ikhethang tsa inthanete ke bokhoni ba eona ba ho fana ka moputso hang-hang ka thobalano le takatso.

Litlhahlobo tse nang le litlhaloso tse latelang:

1) Tlhekefetso ea Cybersex (2015). Litlhaloso tse latelang:

Batho ba bangata ba sebelisa li-cybersex, haholo-holo litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa Inthanete. Batho ba bang ba lahleheloa ke taolo ka lebaka la tšebeliso ea bona ea Inthanete 'me ba tlaleha hore ba ke ke ba laola mokhoa oa bona oa ho sebelisa li-inthanete le haeba ba ka ba le liphello tse mpe. Lihloohong tsa morao-rao, lithethefatsi tsa ho kopanela liphate Inthaneteng li nkoa e le mofuta o tobileng oa ho lemalla Inthanete. Liphuputso tse ling tsa morao-rao li batlisitse ho tšoana ho teng pakeng tsa ho lemalla li-cybersex le lithethefatsi tse ling tsa boitšoaro, tse kang Internet Gaming Disorder. Ho nahanoa hore ho na le mokhoa oa bohlokoa oa ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate le batho ba bang le ba bang. Hape, mekhoa e metle ea tsoelo-pele ea ho ntlafatsa le ho lokisa lithethefatsi tsa cybersex e kenyeletsa ho holofala ha ho etsa liqeto le mesebetsi ea tsamaiso. Liphuputso tse nang le mekhoa e metle ea tšehetso ea tšehetso ea tšebelisano-'moho le eona li tšehetsa hore ho na le litloaelano tse nang le moelelo pakeng tsa lithethefatsi tsa li-cybersex le tse ling tsa boitšoaro bo hlephileng hammoho le botšepehi.

2)  Boitsebiso bo bongata ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Inthaneteng Ho lemalla: Tlhahlobo le Tlhahlobo (2015). Tlhahlobo e hlakileng ea lingoliloeng tsa methapo ea kutlo tse amanang le lithethefatsi tse nyenyane tsa Inthanete, tse nang le tsepamiso e ikhethang ho lithethefatsi tsa lithethefatsi tsa inthanete. Tlhaloso e boetse ea bohlokoa ka lihlopha tse peli tsa morao-rao tse tšoereng lihlopha tsa EEG tsa lihlopha tse etelletsoeng ke Prause (ba bolelang hore li fumanoeng li belaelle ka ho lemalla lithethefatsi). Litlhaloso tse latelang:

Ba bangata ba hlokomela hore mekhoa e 'maloa e ka amang moputso oa potoloho ea boko ba batho e lebisa tahlehelo ea taolo le matšoao a mang a ho lemalla bonyane batho ba bang. Mabapi le lithethefatsi tsa Inthanete, lipatlisiso tsa kelello li tšehetsa khopolo ea hore mekhoa e metle ea li-neural e tšoana le ho lemala haholo. Mokhatlo oa American Psychiatric (APA) o hlokometse boitšoaro bo joalo bo amanang le Inthanete, lipapali tsa Inthanete, e le bothata ba ho lemalla ho lemalla ho ba le bopaki bo tsoelang pele, phetolelong ea 2013 ea Tlhahlobo ea bona ea Tlhahlobo le ea Statistical. Litloaelo tse ling tse amanang le Inthanete, mohlala, litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa Inthanete, ha lia koaheloa. Nakong ea tlhahlobo ena, re fana ka kakaretso ea likhopolo tse reriloeng ho lemalla ho lemalla le ho fana ka kakaretso mabapi le lipatlisiso tsa saurosaense ka ho lemala Inthaneteng le bothata ba ho bapala Inthaneteng. Ho feta moo, re ile ra hlahloba lingoliloeng tse fumanehang ka mahlaseli a kotsi litabeng tsa bootsoa tsa Inthaneteng 'me ra kopanya liphello ho mokhoa oa ho lemala. Tlhahlobo ena e lebisa qetong ea hore ho lemalla litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Inthanete ho lumellana le moralo oa lithethefatsi 'me o arolelana mekhoa e ts'oanang ea lithethefatsi. Hammoho le lithuto tsa lithethefatsi tsa Inthanete le lipapali tsa ho bapala lipapaling tsa Inthanete re bona bopaki bo matla ba ho nahana ka boitšoaro bo bobe ba Inthanete joaloka ho lemalla boitšoaro.

3) Bothata ba ho Kopanela Liphate e le Boloetse: Bopaki ba Tlhahlobo, Tlhahlobo le Karabo ho bahlahlobisisi (2015), e fanang ka chate e nkang liphoso tse tobileng tsa ho lemalla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa / thobalano, ho fana ka litemana tse ba khahlanong le tsona. Litlhaloso tse latelang:

Ha re ntse re tsoela pele ho tobana le litaba tse ngata tsa batho, malapa le litabeng tsa sechaba tse amanang le ho lemala, tsela eo re sebetsanang le ho lemalla lemalla le eona e tlameha ho fetoha. Tlhahlobo ea lithethefatsi e tletse nako e telele empa e na le tsela e telele e sa lokelang ho ea. Joalokaha ho bonahala hohle sehloohong sena, litlhahlobo tse tloaelehileng tsa ho kopanela liphate e le ho lemalla ha molao ha li felle ha li bapisoa le mokhatlo oa metse ea litsebi le tsa saense lilemong tse mashome a seng makae tse fetileng. Ho na le bopaki bo bongata ba saense le ts'ehetso ea thobalano hammoho le mekhoa e meng ea ho amoheloa e le lithethefatsi. Ts'ehetso ena e tsoa mekhoeng e mengata ea ts'ebetso 'me e fana ka tšepo e kholo ea ho amohela phetoho ha re ntse re utloisisa bothata. Lilemong tse mashome tsa lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele ea tšebetsong ea meriana ea ho lemalla lithethefatsi le methapo ea maikutlo e senola mokhoa o ka sehloohong oa bokooa o amanang le ho lemala. Bo-rasaense ba khelositse litsela tse tloaelehileng tse amanang le boitšoaro ba ho lemalla hammoho le phapang pakeng tsa boko ba batho ba lemalloang le ba sa lemaletseng, ho senola lintlha tse tloaelehileng tsa ho lemalla, ho sa tsotellehe hore na ke lintho life kapa boitšoaro. Leha ho le joalo, ho na le khetho pakeng tsa tsoelo-pele ea saense le kutloisiso ea sechaba ka kakaretso, leano la sechaba, le tsoelo-pele ea phekolo.

4) Mokhoa oa ho phekola liketso tsa ho kopanela liphate ka mokhoa o tsitsitseng oa ho kopanela liphate: Setsebi se hlahisang (2016). Litlhaloso tse latelang:

Le hoja li sa kenngoa DSM-5, boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate (CSB) bo ka fumanoa ka ICD-10 e le lefu la ho laola maikutlo. Leha ho le joalo, moferefere o teng mabapi le likhetho tsa CSB (mohlala, e le boloetse bo bakoang ke ho qobella maikutlo, ho lemala, kapa ho tsoela pele ka boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate. ho lemalla kapa ho se ... • Lipatlisiso tse ling li hlokahalang ho utloisisa hore na likarolo tsa neurobiological li amana joang le lits'ebetso tse hlokahalang joaloka liphello tsa phekolo ea CSB. Ho khetholla CSB e le 'ho lemalla boitšoaro' ho tla ba le liphello tse kholo bakeng sa boiteko ba lipolotiki, thibelo le kalafo .... pakeng tsa maqheka a CSB le lithethefatsi, mehato e atlehang bakeng sa lithethefatsi e ka 'na ea e-ba le tšepiso ea CSB, kahoo e fana ka temohisiso mabapi le lipatlisiso tsa nakong e tlang hore li hlahlobe monyetla ona ka kotloloho.

5) Na boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate bo lokela ho nkoa e le lithethefatsi? (2016). Tlhaloso:

Ka ho lokolloa ha DSM-5, bothata ba ho becha bo ile ba hlophisoa hape ka mathata a ho sebelisa lithethefatsi. Phetoho ena e ile ea phephetsa litumelo tse ts'ebelang lithethefatsi li bile teng feela ka ho kenngoa ha lisebelisoa tse fetohang kelello 'me li na le maikutlo a bohlokoa bakeng sa mekhoa ea tsamaiso, thibelo le kalafo [97]. Lintlha li bontša hore ho itšunya-tšunya ka mokhoa o feteletseng litabeng tse ling (mohlala, ho bapala, ho kopanela liphate, ho kopanela liphate) ho ka 'na ha arolelana likliniki, liphatsa tsa lefutso, neurobiological le liketsahalo tse ts'oanang le lithethefatsi [2,14].

Sebaka se seng se hlokang lipatlisiso tse ngata ho kenyeletsa kamoo liphetoho tsa theknoloji li ka bang le tšusumetso ea boitšoaro ba batho ba thobalano. Ho fanoe ka hore data e fana ka maikutlo a hore boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate bo fanoa ka marang-rang a Inthaneteng le a li-smartphone [98-100], lipatlisiso tse eketsehileng li lokela ho nahana ka hore na theknoloji ea digital e amana joang le CSB (mohlala, ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ka ho kopanela liphate) ho kopanela liphate, ho kopanela liphate ka nako e 'ngoe).

Ho na le litšobotsi tse holimo ho pakeng tsa CSB le mathata a ho sebelisa lithethefatsi. Mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea methapo ea meriana e ka 'na ea kenya letsoho ho CSB le mathata a ho sebelisoa ha lithethefatsi,' me lipatlisiso tsa morao-rao tsa mahlaseli a meholo li totobatsa ho tšoana ho amanang le takatso le litakatso tsa tlhokomelo. Meriana e joalo ea meriana le ea psychotherapeutic e ka sebetsa ho CSB le lithethefatsi tsa lithethefatsi.

6) Motheo oa "Neurobiological Hypersexuality" (2016). Tlhaloso:

Boitšoaro bo bobe ba boitšoaro le bosodoma bo itseng bo lokela ho re hopotsa hore boitšoaro bo hlephileng bo itšetleha ka mokhoa oa rona oa ho iphelisa. Ho kopanela liphate ke motsoako oa bohlokoa ho pholosa mefuta ea liphoofolo kaha ke tsela ea ho ikatisa. Ka hona ke habohlokoa haholo hore thobalano e nkoa e le monate 'me e na le litšenyehelo tse babatsehang,' me le hoja e ka fetoha lekhoba la ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate ho ka etsoa ka tsela e kotsi le e se nang phello, mokokotlo oa ho lemala o ka ba le merero ea bohlokoa haholo sepheo se setle sa ho phehella batho .... Ho kopanngoa, bopaki bo bonahala bo bolela hore liphetoho tse ka pele ho li-lobe, amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus, septum, le boko ba libaka tse etsang hore moputso o phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho ts'ebetsong ea bosodoma. Liphuputso tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso le mekhoa e meng ea phekolo ea neuropharmacological e bontšang hore karolo ea dopaminergic e sebelisoa.

7) Boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho Kopanela Liphate e le Boits'oaro ba Boits'oaro: Tšusumetso ea Inthanete le Litaba Tse Ling (2016). Litlhaloso tse latelang:

Ke entse lipatlisiso tsa mekhoa e mengata ea ho lemalla boitšoaro bo bobe (papali ea papali ea chelete, papali ea livideo, tšebeliso ea inthanete, boikoetliso, thobalano, mosebetsi, joalo-joalo) 'me ke phehile khang ea hore mekhoa e meng ea mathata a ho kopanela liphate e ka behoa e le ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate, ho itšetlehile ka tlhaloso ea tahi e sebelisoang [2-5]....

Koranta eo e boetse e bonahala e e-na le khopolo ea motheo ea hore lipatlisiso tse matla ho tsoa ho li-neurobiological / liphatsa tsa lefutso li lokela ho tšoaroa ka ho teba ho feta ka maikutlo a kelello. Ebang boitšoaro bo botle ba ho kopanela liphate bo hlalosoa e le CSB, ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate le / kapa bothata ba hypersexual, ho na le bahlaopi ba likete ba mafu a kelello lefats'eng lohle ba sebetsanang le mathata a joalo 7. Ka lebaka leo, bopaki ba bongaka bo tsoang ho ba thusang le ho tšoara batho ba joalo ba lokela ho fuoa matla a eketsehileng ke sechaba sa mafu a kelello ....

Ha ho pelaelo hore ntshetsopele ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa tšimong ea CSB le ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate ke hore na inthanete e fetoloa joang le ho thusa CSB [2, 8, 9]. Sena ha sea ka sa boleloa ho fihlela serapa se phethelang, leha ho le joalo lipatlisiso mabapi le bokhoba ba thobalano inthaneteng (ha e ntse e na le motheo o monyane) li bile teng ho tloha lilemong tsa bo-1990, ho kenyeletsoa le mehlala ea boholo ba batho ba ka bang 10 000. [10-17]. Ha e le hantle, ho 'nile ha e-ba le litlhaloso tsa morao-rao tsa boitsebiso bo mabapi le ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate le ho phekola ka thobalano 4,5. Tsena li hlalositse likarolo tse ngata tse tobileng tsa inthanete tse ka khonang ho thusa le ho susumelletsa mekhoa ea ho lemalla ho amana le boitšoaro ba thobalano (ho fihlella, ho khoneha, ho se tsejoe, ho itekanetse, ho baleha, ho thibela likokoana-hloko, joalo-joalo).

8) Ho Batlisisa Hloko ka Metsing a Metsing: Tlhahlobo ea nakong e tlang bakeng sa ho khetholla boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate e le lithethefatsi (2016). Litlhaloso tse latelang:

Re sa tsoa hlahloba bopaki ba ho khetholla boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate (CSB) e le ho lemalla boitšoaro. Tlhahlobo ea rona e fumane hore CSB e kopane le lits'ebeletso tsa meriana, li-neurobiological le liketsahalo tse ts'oanang le tse nang le mathata a ho sebelisa lithethefatsi ....

Le hoja Mokhatlo oa Amerika oa Psychiatric Association o ile oa hana bothata ba hypersexual [4] ho tloha DSM-5, ho hlahlojoa ha CSB (ho kopanela liphate ho feteletseng) ho ka etsoa ho sebelisa ICD-10 [13]. CSB e ntse e nkuoa ke ICD-11 [14], leha ho kenyelletsoa ha eona ha ho na bonnete. Liphuputso tsa nako e tlang li lokela ho tsoelapele ho aha tsebo le ho matlafatsa moralo oa kutloisiso e ntlafetseng ea CSB le ho fetolela leseli lena ho etsa boiteko bo ntlafalitsoeng ba maano, thibelo, ts'oaetso le kalafo ho fokotsa litlamorao tse mpe tsa CSB.

9) Ho kopanya Tlhahlobo ea Mahlale le Maikutlo a Neurobiological Mabapi le Tsoelo-pele le Tlhokomelo ea Mathata a Khethehileng a ho Sebelisa Inthanete: Ho Kopana ha Motho-A Ameha-Tlhaloso ea Ts'ebetso (2016). Tlhahlobo ea lits'ebetso tse bakang nts'etsopele le tlhokomelo ea mathata a itseng a ts'ebeliso ea Marang-rang, ho kenyeletsoa "Bothata ba ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng" Bangoli ba fana ka maikutlo a hore bokhoba ba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro (le bokhoba ba ts'ebeliso ea inthanete) bo ka khetholloa e le mathata a ts'ebeliso ea inthanete mme ba beoa le litlolo tse ling tsa boits'oaro tlasa mathata a ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi e le boits'oaro bo lemalloang.

Le hoja DSM-5 e lebisa tlhokomelo papaling ea Inthanete, mongoli o nang le moelelo o bontšang hore batho ba batlang kalafo ba ka boela ba sebelisa lik'homphieutha tse ling kapa libaka tsa marang-rang.

Ho tswa ho boemo ba hona joale ba lipatlisiso, re fana ka maikutlo a ho kenyelletsa mathata a ho sebelisa Inthanete ho ICD-11 e tlang. Ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore ka ntle ho bothata ba ho bapala Inthaneteng, mefuta e meng ea likopo e boetse e sebelisoa ka thata. Tsela e 'ngoe e ka akarelletsa ho kenyelletsa nako e tloaelehileng ea bothata ba ho sebelisa Inthaneteng, e leng ho ka boleloang ka ho hlahloba ts'ebetso ea pele ea khetho e sebelisoang (mohlala, bothata ba ho bapala lipapali tsa Inthanete, bothata ba papali ea papali ea Inthanete, Inthaneteng-bothata ba puisano, le bothata ba ho reka Inthaneteng).

10) Neurobiology ea Tlhekefetso ea ho Kopanela Liphate: Khaolo ea "Neurobiology of Addictions", Oxford Press (2016) - Litlhaloso tse hlahang:

Re hlahloba motheo oa boloetse ba ho lemala, ho kenyeletsa ho lemalloa ke tlhaho kapa ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi, ebe re tšohla kamoo sena se amanang kateng le kutloisiso ea rona ea ho kopanela liphate e le moputso oa tlhaho o ka sebetsang "o sa tsitsang" bophelong ba motho ka mong ....

Ho hlakile hore tlhaloso ea morao-rao le kutloisiso ea bokhoba ba tahi li fetohile ho ipapisitsoe le ho kenella ha tsebo mabapi le hore na boko bo ithuta joang le litakatso li fe. Le ha ts'ebeliso e mpe ea thobalano e ne e hlalosoa pele ho latela feela boits'oaro ba boitšoaro, hona joale e bonoa hape ka lense ea neuromodulation. Ba sa utloisiseng kapa ba ke keng ba utloisisa mehopolo ena ba ka tsoelapele ho khomarela pono ea methapo ea kutlo, empa ba khonang ho utloisisa boits'oaro moelelong oa biology, paradigm ena e ncha e fana ka tlhaloso e kopaneng le e sebetsang ea bokhoba ba thobalano bo tsebisang bobeli rasaense le ngaka.

11) Khopolo-taba ea Bo-rasaense e Atamela ho Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Bo Inthaneteng (2017) - Litlhaloso tse hlahang:

Boteng ba boitsebiso ba bootsoa bo eketsehile haholo ka nts'etsopele ea Inthanete. Ka lebaka la sena, banna ba kopa phekolo ka makhetlo a mangata kahobane litšoantšo tsa bona tsa bootsoa li le matla haholo; ke hore, ha ba khone ho emisa kapa ho fokotsa boitšoaro ba bona bo bothata le hoja ba talimane le liphello tse mpe .... Lilemong tse mashome a mabeli tse fetileng, lithuto tse 'maloa tse nang le litsebi tsa ho sebelisa litsebi tsa mokokotlo, haholo-holo litšoantšo tse sebetsang tsa motlakase (fMRI), li ile tsa etsoa ho hlahloba li-neural correlates tsa ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tlas'a maemo a liteko,' me li-neural correlates tsa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li sebelisa. Ho fanoe ka liphello tsa nakong e fetileng, tšebeliso e feteletseng ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e ka amahanngoa le mekhoa e seng e tsebahala ea neurobiological e bakang ho hlahisoa ha lithethefatsi tse amanang le lithethefatsi.

Qetellong, re akaretsa lipatlisiso tsena, tse ileng tsa batlisisa likamano tsa litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ea bootsoa ka mokhoa oa neural. Ho sa tsotellehe ho haelloa ke lithuto tsa longitudinal, hoa utloahala hore litšoaneleho tse hlokometsoeng ho banna ba nang le bothata ba ho kopanela liphate ke liphello tse sa bakoang ke ho sebelisa litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso. Boholo ba lipatlisiso bo tlaleha ho matlafatsa ts'ebetsong ea potoloho ea potoloho ea boipheliso mabapi le litaba tsa thobalano ho basebelisi ba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho feta lihlopha tse laolang, tse bonts'ang ho fumanoa ha lithethefatsi tse amanang le lithethefatsi (sheba tlhahlobo ea Chase et al. 2011; Garrison le Potenza 2014). Liphello tse amanang le ho fokotseha ha li-prefrontal-ho hlasela-lihlahisoa litabeng tse nang le lithethefatsi tse litšila tse tsosang takatso li ka hlalosoa e le pontšo ea ho laola mokhoa oa ho tseba ho tseba lintho ka mokhoa o tsitsitseng. Le hoja litsebi tsohle tsa neurobiological tse tsoang liphuputsong tsena li tšehetsa mohopolo oa ho lemalla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​ho ntse ho e-na le lipotso tse ngata tse bulehileng. Ho bolela mabitso a fokolang feela: Na ho mamellana ke ntho e hlokahalang ea ho lemalla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa? Na phetoho lihlahisoa tsa thobalano tse khethiloeng ka mohlala ho ea ho lintho tse ling tse senyehileng e le letšoao la tsoelo-pele ea mamello? Na nako e ntseng e eketseha e sebelisoang litšoantšong tsa bootsoa e bontša pontšo ea mamello? Na matšoao a ho itokolla a bonahala litabeng tsohle tse nkoang e le litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso ea boitšoaro bo bobe? Na mekhoa ea phekolo ea meriana e tsejoang e tsoang lithethefatsong tse amanang le lithethefatsi e atlehile ho fetisetsoa ho lemalla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa? Lipotso tsena kaofela li lokela ho sebetsanoa le lipatlisiso tsa nakong e tlang hore li tsoele pele ho arabela potso eo hore na ho nahana ka litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho noa joala ho lekana kapa che.

12) Na boitšoaro bo feteletseng ba ho kopanela liphate ke lefu la ho lemala? (2017) - Litlhaloso tse hlahang:

Ho kula ha boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate (ts'ebetsong e le lefu la hypersexual) ho ne ho nkoa e le ho kenngoa DSM-5 empa qetellong ha e kenyelletsoe, ho sa tsotellehe ho hlahisa litekanyetso tsa molao le tlhahlobo ea liteko tsa tšimo.² Ho khethoa hona ho sitisitse boiteko ba ho thibela, ho etsa lipatlisiso, le ho phekola, le ho tloha lingaka lingaka ntle le ho hlahlojoa ka molao bakeng sa khatello ea boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate.

ho etsa lipatlisiso mabapi le lefu la methapo ea pelo ea khatello ea boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate ho entse hore ho fumanoe liphuputso tse amanang le ho ba le mekhoa ea ho ela hloko, ho ba le boikarabelo ba ho ba le boikutlo bo matla ba ho ba le boikutlo bo matla, le ho fapana le boko bo sebetsanang le boko.⁴ Ho kula ha boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate ho ntse ho nkoa e le lefu la ho laola maikutlo ho ICD-11, tumellanong le pono e boletsoeng e lakatsehang, e tsoetse pele ho kopanela ho sa tsotellehe liphello tse bohloko, ho kopanela liphate, le ho laoloa ho emela likarolo tse ka sehloohong tsa mathata a ho laola maikutlo.⁵ Pono ena e ka 'na ea e-ba e loketseng mathata a mang a ho laola maikutlo a DSM-IV, haholo-holo ho bapala papali ea chelete. Leha ho le joalo, likarolo tsena li 'nileng tsa nkoa e le tsona tse ka sehloohong tsa lithethefatsi,' me phetohong e tsoang DSM-IV ho DSM-5, sehlopha sa Impulse Control Disorders Ntle ho E 'ngoe Classified e ne e tsosolosoa, ka ho becha ho thoe lebitso le ho khetholloa e le lefu la ho lemala.² Hona joale, mochine oa li-beta oa ICD-11 o thathamisa mathata a ho laola maikutlo, 'me o kenyelletsa khatello ea boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate, pyromania, kleptomania, le bothata ba ho phatloha ha sekhahla.³

Ho kula ha boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate ho bonahala ho lumellana hantle le mathata a se nang lithethefatsi a lemalletsang ICD-11, e lumellanang le nako e fokolang ea ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate hona joale e hlophisitsoeng bakeng sa khatello ea boitšoaro bo bobe ba likamano tsa botona le botšehali mocheng oa boitsebiso oa ICD-11.³ Re lumela hore likarolo tsa khatello ea boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate e le bothata ba ho lemalla ho lemalla lits'oaetso li lumellana le lintlha tsa morao-rao 'me li ka' na tsa rua lingaka, bafuputsi le batho ba nang le khatello ea lefu lena.

Litšila tsa boitšoaro, DSM, ICD:

Empa 'lithethefatsi tsa bootsoa' ha li li-APA DSM-5, ho joalo? Mokhatlo oa Amerika oa Psychiatric (APA) o se o huletse maoto a oona ka ho kenyeletsa tšebeliso ea bootsoa ea ho lemalla le ho qobella batho ho e sebelisa. Ha e qetella e ntlafalitse buka ea 2013 (DSM-5), ha hoa ka ha e-ba joalo e nahanang ka "lithethefatsi tse ts'oanang le lithethefatsi tsa inthanete," ho e-na le hoo ho khetha ho pheha khang ka "bothata ba hypersexual." Sekhele sa ho qetela sa boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate se khothalletsoa ho kenngoa ke DSM-5's ea ho kopanela liphate lebenkeleng ka morao ho lilemo tsa tlhahlobo. Leha ho le joalo, ka hora ea leshome le motso o mong "kamoreng ea linaleli" lenaneo (ho ea ka setho sa Sehlopha sa Basebetsi), tse ling DSM-5 ba boholong ba ile ba hana bosodoma, ho bolela mabaka a hlalositsoeng e le a sa utloahaleng.

Ha u fihla boemong bona, e DSM-5 ho hlokomoloha bopaki bo amohelehang, litlaleho tse ngata tsa matšoao, matšoao le mekhoa e lumellanang le ho qobelloa le ho lemalla bakuli le lingaka tsa bona, le khothaletso e amohelehang ea litsebi tse likete tsa bongaka le tsa lipatlisiso ho American Society of Addiction Medicine. Ho 2011 ASAM e ne e hlahisitse Phatlalatso ea Phatlalatso ea Sechaba ka Lipotso, e bolela ka ho hlaka hore lithethefatsi tsa boitšoaro ba thobalano ke tsa nnete le hore tahi ke boloetse bo ka sehloohong bo bontšang liphetoho tsa boko. Ho tswa ho ASAM FAQs:

POTSO: Tlhaloso ena e ncha ea tahi e bolela ho lemalla papali ea chelete, lijo le boitšoaro ba thobalano. Na ASAM e hlile e lumela hore lijo le thobalano li lemalla?

KARABO: Tlhaloso e ncha ea ASAM e etsa hore motho a tlohele ho lekanya bokhoba ba tahi le ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi feela, ka ho hlalosa kamoo bokhoba ba tahi bo amanang le boits'oaro bo putsang. … Tlhaloso ena e re tahi e mabapi le tšebetso le ho potoloha ha boko le ka moo sebopeho le tšebetso ea boko ba batho ba lemaletseng lithethefatsi bo fapaneng le sebopeho le tšebetso ea boko ba batho ba se nang bokhoba. … Lijo le boitšoaro ba thobalano le boits'oaro ba papali ea chelete li ka amahanngoa le 'ho lelekisa meputso' ka mokhoa o hlakileng o hlalositsoeng ka tlhaloso ena e ncha ea bokhoba ba tahi

Ka tshohanyetso, e DSM o fumane mohlahlobi ea tummeng, Thomas Insel, eo ka nako eo e leng Motsamaisi oa Setsi sa Sechaba sa Mental Health, ea neng a hanyetsa mokhoa oa ho hlokomoloha setsebi sa thuto ea 'mele le theknoloji ea bongaka e le hore a fane ka liteko tsa tsona feela. Ea ho qetela e lumella liqeto tse sa lokelang, tsa lipolotiki tse hanyetsang nnete. Ka mohlala, ea DSM hang ha ho khetholloa bosodoma ka mokhoa o sa nepahaleng e le lefu la kelello.

Nakoana pele ho ea DSM-5's e hatisitsoeng ka 2013, Insel o ile a lemosa hore e ne e le nako ea tšimo ea bophelo ba kelello hore e khaotse ho itšetleha ka DSM. Ea eonabofokoli ke ho hloka matla ha bona, ”O hlalositse,“re ke ke ra atleha haeba re sebelisa mekhahlelo ea DSM e le "maemo a khauta."A eketsa,"Ke ka lebaka leo NIMH e tla tsosolosa lipatlisiso tsa eona ho tloha DSMs. ” Ka mantsoe a mang, NIMH e rerile ho emisa lipatlisiso tsa lichelete tse ipapisitseng le DSM mangolo (le ho se be teng ha bona).

ho tloha DSM-5 's sengoliloeng, makholo a mangata a ho lemalla li-inthanete le lithuto tsa ho lemalla lipapali tsa inthanete, 'me lithuto tse ngata tsa methapo ea likokoana-hloko ka basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li tsoile. Boholo ba bona ba tsoela pele ho e sebelisa DSM-5's boemo. Ka tshohanyetso, ho sa tsotellehe melaetsa ea mecha ea litaba DSM-5's boikutlo, basebetsi ba sebetsang le ba nang le boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate ba 'nile ba tsoela pele ho hlahloba mathata a joalo. Ba sebelisa ketsahalo e 'ngoe hape ea ho hlahlojoa DSM-5 hammoho le e 'ngoe ho tloha ho ICD-10 ea hona joale, buka ea Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo e sebelisoang haholo ka ho hlahloba, e Kemiso ea Machaba ea Maloetse. Joalokaha ho bontšitsoe sehlooho sa koranta ea 2016 ke Dr. Richard Krueger:

Ho fumanoa ho ka 'nang ha e-ba le boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate ho kenyelelitsoe DSM le ICD ka lilemo tse ngata' me hona joale ho ka fumanoa ka molao ho United States ho sebelisa DSM-5 le khokahano ea ICD-10 e sa tsoa laeloa. Ho kula ha boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate ho nkoa e le ICD-11.

Krueger ke motlatsi oa moprofesa oa setsebi sa mafu a kelello Univesithi ea Columbia University ea Lingaka le Lingaka, mme o thusitse ho ntlafatsa karolo ea mathata a thobalano ea DSM-5.

Hape, litaba tse kholo ke hore Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo o bonahala o ikemiselitse ho lokisa tlhokomelo e feteletseng ea APA. Khatiso e hlahlamang ea eona ea ho hlahloba buka, ea ICD, e tsoa ka 2018. Moqapi oa beta oa tse ncha ICD-11 e akarelletsa ho fumanoa ka "Ho Ikitlaetsa ka ho Kopanela Liphate ka Bothata ba ho Kopanela Liphate" hammoho le e 'ngoe bakeng sa "Mathata ka lebaka la boitšoaro bo hlephileng. ” Liketsahalo tsa morao-rao li tla kenyelletsa "Bothata ba ho becha" le "Mathata a ho becha."

Ha e le 2013 tlhahiso ea DSM-5, e lemohile bokhoba ba boitšoaro ka ho beha "Boloetse ba papali ea chelete" ho Mathata a Amanang le Thibelo ea Lithethefatsi. Ntle le moo, litekanyetso tsa pele tsa "Mathata a Lipapali a Marang-rang" joale li se li hlalositsoe bukeng ea tataiso. Tlhaloso ena ea 2017 - Bokhoba ba Mantle a Lintho — Ho Etsahala'ng ka DSM? - e totobatsa ho se lumellane le monahano o fosahetseng o sebelisitsoeng ke American Psychiatric Association (APA) ho DSM-5, haholo-holo tabeng ea ho sebetsana le ts'ebetso ea boits'oaro ba lithethefatsi bo amanang le tšebeliso ea Inthanete. Litlhaloso tse 'maloa:

Re ntse re tšoenyehile ka Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Version 5 (DSM-5) e setseng e le tekanyetso litlhahlobong tsa kelello kapa mafu a kelello kaha e na le ho se lumellane, ho ikhanyetsa le ho ntšetsa pele ho tsepamisa mohopolo ho lebitso la mabitso la tlhahlobo le sa tsamaeeng le patlisiso le tloaelo ea hajoale, haholo lefapheng la Tlhekefetso ea Meriana… ..

ASAM e boletse ka ho hlaka hore likarolo tsohle tsa ts'oaetso ke tsa mathata a tloaelehileng lipotolohong tsa boko, eseng phapang ea lintho (s) kapa diteng kapa boitšoaro (AS), 2011). Ka hona, ho itšetlehile ka maikutlo a litsebi le liphuputso tse hlahlojoang ka hare ho Love et al. (2015) pampiri, ha ho utloahale hore APA e hlalositse ka ho hlaka boitšoaro ba Inthanete ha e ntse e lumella ba bang. Qeto ena le polelo ha li utloahale ka tsela e utloahalang, ebile ha li lumellane le bopaki ba saense bo teng le bo hlahang. Ka monahano ona, ho shebella IP haholo le ho bapala lipapali tsa Inthanete ka ho feteletseng ho fapane haholo, ho sa tsotellehe tsoelo-pele e kenelletseng ho ts'ebetsong ea mokhoa oa moputso oa boko, le ho sa tsotellehe monyetla oa ho bonahatsa boitšoaro bo tšoanang le ba kelello le liketso tsa kelello. Sena ke "ho se lumellane ka lintho tse phelang le ka boitšoaro" (Hilton, 2013).

Ho se utloisisane ha lithethefatsi tse nang le bothata ba ho sebelisa lithethefatsi ho ka bonoa hape ho karolo ea DSM-5's Diagnostic Features karolo ea IGD moo ba hlalosang likarolo tsa sehlopha le lihlopha e le lintlha tsa bohlokoa tsa lefu lena. Ka lebaka lena, ho sebelisa hampe dintho kahare kapa moketeng ho ka etsa hore lithethefatsi li sebelisoe hampe, empa ho sebelisa hampe lithethefatsi ha ho le joalo ha ho joalo. Ho etsa papiso e amanang le Inthanete, monahano ona o bolela hore motho ea bapalang Lefatše la Warcraft ka ho feteletseng o lemaletse, empa motho ea bapalang Candy Crush ka ho feteletseng ha a joalo. Ho tlosoa ha APA ea saense e thehiloeng molemong oa maikutlo ke seo ho bonahalang eka se entse hore NIMH e tlohele ho theha lipatlisiso ka likarolo tsa DSM, mme ho e-na le hoo, ho fetola litekanyetso tsa bona tsa ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa saense (Insel et al., 2013).

Re khothalletsa liphuputso tsa lipatlisiso le tsa phekolo hore li be matla haholoanyane le tse tsitsitseng e le hore baahi ba anngoeng ke ts'oaetso ba fumane litekanyetso tse ntlafetseng, tse ngata tse tla tataisa phekolo e nepahetseng le ho latellana ha maemo a ho lemalla e le lefu le sa foleng ho e-na le ho tsepamisa mohopolo ho o mong kapa mathata a mangata a boitšoaro a ka 'nang a laoloa kapa a sa laoloe, ha likarolo tse ling tsa tahi li lula li sa sisinyehe.

Litšehetso tse sa tšehetsoeng:

Ka bomalimabe, ke tlameha ho sebetsana le liqoso tse hlahisitsoeng ke mofuputsi oa mehleng oa UCLA Nicole Prause. Litlhalosong tse fapaneng, lingoliloeng le li-tweets Prause o boletse hore ha a ka a etsa joalo feela Prause et al., 2015 leshano “e leng mokhoa o ka sehloohong oa mokhoa oa ho lemaletse, e leng cue reactivity biomarker, ”Empa“letoto la lithuto tsa boitšoaro li hlalosoang ke li-laboratories tse ikemetseng [ho tlatsa] lintho tse ling tse boletsoeng esale pele tsa mokhoa oa ho lemalla lithethefatsi. "

Prause o qotsa se ka ho eena "Lengolo le eang ho mohlophisi" la 2016 e le bopaki ba litletlebo tse kaholimo: "Prause et al. (2015) lits'oants'o tsa morao-rao tsa liketsahalo tsa ho lemalla lithethefatsi. Ka mantsoe a bonolo, Prause o bokelletse mahe a hae kaofela a li-debunking ka basketeng e le 'ngoe - serapa se le seng qetellong ea lengolo la hae a sireletsa mekhoa le litlhaloso tsa Prause et al., 2015. Tlhatlhobo e latelang ea "Lengolo le Eang ho Mohlophisi" la Prause le sebetsa e le debunking ea "mahe" ao a a ratang ka ho fetesisa: Qeto ea: Lengolo ho mohlophisi "Prause et al. (2015) mekhoa ea ho qetela ea ho lemala " (2016).

Ka bokhutšoanyane, ha ho na lithuto tse "khothalletsang ho lemalla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa." Leqephe lena thathamisa lithuto tsohle tse lekolang sebopeho sa boko le ts'ebetso ea basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ho fihlela joale, thuto e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e fana ka ts'ehetso bakeng sa mofuta oa litlolo tsa bootsoa (ho kenyeletsoa lithuto tse peli tsa Prause tsa EEG tse thathamisitsoeng pejana: 1) Steele et al., 2013, 2) Prause et al., 2015.

Ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore thuto e le 'ngoe feela ea Prause e boletsoeng "Lengolo la hae ho mohlophisi" le ne le e-na le bafo ba neng ba e-na le litekanyetso tsa ho lemalla lithethefatsi. U bala seo hantle. Har'a liphuputso tsohle tse boletsoeng, e le 'ngoe feela e nang le sehlopha sa batho ba lemaletseng ho kopanela liphate, le 71% ea litaba tseo e tlalehile liphello tse mpe tse mpe. Ntlha ea bohlokoa: U ke ke ua thetsa "bokhoba ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" haeba lithuto tseo u li qotsitseng li sa batlisise lihlooho tse tla hlahlojoa e le makhoba a litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng.

Habohlokoa le ho feta, litekanyetso tsa Prause tsa ho iqhekella ha li amane le ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa kapa litšupiso tsa hae ha li amane le litekanyetso tsa hae tse reriloeng. Mohlala, lengolo la Prause le boletse hore "ho se sebetse ha erectile ke litlamorao tse mpe ka ho fetesisa tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa." Sena ke khama motho a ngangisana kaha ha ho pampiri e hlahlobelitsoeng ke lithaka e kileng ea re ho se sebetse ha erectile ke phello ea #1 ea tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ho phaella moo litlhaloso tsena li itšetlehile ka liphello tsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​tse sa tšoaneng le liphello tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa lemalla ntho. Mohlala o mong, Prause o boletse hore makhoba a litšoantšo tsa bootsoa a na le "takatso e phahameng ea thobalano." Taba ea mantlha, taba ea hore batho ba lemaletseng ho kopanela liphate le ba lemaletseng ho kopanela liphate ba na le "takatso e phahameng ea thobalano" e hanetsoe ke Liphuputso tsa morao-rao tsa 24. Ea bobeli, o ile a qotsa thuto ea hae (Steele et al., 2013) e le tšehetso, leha ho le joalo e fumanoe hore basebelisi ba litšoantšo ba bootsoa ba nang le boitsebiso bo bongata-ba ho fetola litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Nyane takatso ea thobalano le molekane. Ea boraro, lipuisanong tsa 2013 Thapelo a lumela hore boholo ba Steele et al. lihlooho li ne li e-na le mathata a seng makae feela (e leng se bolelang hore e ne e se litlokotsi tsa bootsoa).

Kaha Prause o re li-EEG tsa hae tse peli li "hlokomoloha bokhoba ba ho kopanela liphate" a re ke re hlahlobe seo Prause a neng a se bolela, hore na liphuputso tseo li hlile li tlaleha eng, le hore na litokomane tse ling tse hlahlobiloeng ke lithaka li re'ng ka lithuto.

Ntlha ea pele, lithuto tse peli tsa Prause (Prause et al., 2015, Steele et al., 2013.) e amanang le lihlooho tse tšoanang. Phoso e kholo lithutong tsa Prause ke hore ha ho motho ea tsebang hore na ke efe, haeba e teng, ea bafo ba Prause ba fihlelletseng litekanyetso tsa sepheo sa ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa. Lihlooho li ile tsa hiroa ho tloha Pocatello, Idaho ka lipapatso tsa inthanete tse kopa batho ba "ba na le mathata a laolang maikutlo a bona a litšoantšo tsa thobalano"Pocatello, Idaho e fetile 50% Mormon, lihlooho tse ngata li ka 'na tsa ikutloa joalo leha e le efe boholo ba tšebeliso ea bootsoa ke bothata bo tebileng. Kahoo, batho bao ho thoeng ke "ba lemaletseng ho kopanela liphate" ha baa ka ba lemalloa, kaha ha baa ka ba hlahlojoa ka ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa. Etsa phoso, hape Steele et al., 2013 kapa Prause et al., 2015 e hlalosa lihlooho tsena tsa 55 e le ba lemaletseng ho kopanela liphate esita le ba sebelisang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. E le ho tiisa hore bafo ba eona ba fapane, Prause o lumetse ho Puisano ea 2013 hore tse ling tsa litaba tsa 55 li ne li e-na le mathata a mangata feela (a bolelang hore e ne e le eseng ba lemaletseng boitšoaro bo bobe):

“Phuputso ena e ne e kenyelletsa feela batho ba tlalehang mathata, ho tloha ho e nyenyane haholo ho laola mathata a ba sithabetsang, ho laola tsela eo ba talimang litšusumetso tse bonahalang tsa ho kopanela liphate ka eona. ”

Kahoo, ha ho na thuto e ka sebelisoang ka nepo ho "thetsa" eng kapa eng e amanang le bokhoba ba tahi.

Ntle ho ho se tsebe hore na lihlooho tsena li lemaletse litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​lithuto tsa Prause li ile tsa etsoa eseng lihlooho tsa mathata a kelello, boitšoaro bo qobelloang, kapa lithethefatsi tse ling. Sena se bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa "thuto ea boko" efe kapa efe ka bokhoba ba tahi, ho seng joalo ho ferekana ho ka hlahisa litholoana. Phoso e 'ngoe e bolaeang ke hore lithuto tsa thuto ea Prause e ne e se tse fapaneng. Ba ne ba banna le basali, ho kenyelletsa le 7 bao e seng banna ba bong bo fapaneng, empa kaofela ha tsona li ne li bontšoa maemo a tloaelehileng, mohlomong a sa thabiseng, a motona + oa basali. Sena feela se senya lintho tse fumanoang. Hobane'ng? Ho ithuta ka mor'a thuto ho tiisa hore banna le basali ba fapane ka tsela e fapaneng le boko ba litšoantšo kapa lifilimi tsa thobalano. Ke ka lebaka leo ho lemalla ka ho teba bafuputsi ho bapala lihlooho ka hloko.

Taba ea bobeli, e le sehlopha, bafo "ba nang le mathata a laolang pono ea bona ea litšoantšo tsa thobalano" ba ile ba ts'oaroa kapa ba tloaela litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa vanilla, tse lumellanang le likhakanyo tsa mofuta oa bokhoba. Mona ke seo thuto ka 'ngoe e leng sona ha e le hantle e tlalehile ka litaba tsena:

1. Steele et al., 2013: Batho ba nang le boitsebiso bo bongata-ba ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba ne ba le joalo Nyane takatso ea ho kopanela liphate le molekane, empa e seng takatso ea ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali.
2. Prause et al., 2015: Basebeletsi ba tloaelehileng ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Nyane bokhoni ba bokooa ho etsa litšoantšo tse tsitsitseng tsa vanilla tse hlephisang boitšoaro. Litemana tsa EEG tse tlaase li bolela hore "batho ba ts'oanang le lithethefatsi" ba ne ba sa ele hloko litšoantšo.

Mokhoa o hlakileng o hlaha liphuputsong tsena tse peli: "Basebelisi ba bothata ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" ba ne ba se na letsoalo kapa ba tloaetse ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa vanilla, mme ba nang le boiphihlelo bo boholo ba ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba ne ba khetha ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ho feta ho robala le motho oa 'nete. Ka mantsoe a bonolo feela ba ne ba senngoa letsoalo (sesupo se tloaelehileng sa bokhoba ba tahi) mme ba khetha tšusumetso ea maiketsetso ho moputso o matla haholo oa tlhaho (thobalano e arohaneng). Ha ho na mokhoa oa ho toloka liphetho tsena e le ho thetsa bokhoba ba bootsoa.

Phumano e boetse e hlahisitse hampe liphuputso tsa lithuto tsa hae ho boralitaba (e leng lona lebaka le ka sehloohong la sebaka sena sa marang-rang se tlamehang ho nyatsa lithuto / lipolelo tsa Prause). Joaloka mehlala, mona ke tse ling tsa tsekoang tse potileng Steele et al., 2013 'me Prause et al., 2015.

Steele et al., 2013: Prause, e le Steele et al. 'muelli, o ile a re karabelo ea bafo ba hae e fapane le mefuta e meng ea lithethefatsi (cocaine e ne e le mohlala). Lipuisano tse 'maloa tsa Prause:

Puisano ea TV:

Moqolotsi: "Ba ile ba bontšoa litšoantšo tse fapaneng tse tsosang takatso, 'me mesebetsi ea bona ea boko ea beoa leihlo."

Thapelo: "Haeba u nahana hore mathata a thobalano ke bokhoba, re ka be re lebelletse ho bona karabelo e ntlafalitsoeng, mohlomong ho litšoantšo tseo tsa thobalano. Haeba u nahana hore ke bothata ba ho se tsotelle, re ka be re lebelletse ho bona likarabo tse fokotsehileng litšoantšong tseo tsa thobalano. 'Me taba ea hore ha re bone likamano tsena e fana ka maikutlo a hore ha ho na tšehetso e kholo ea ho sheba mathata ana a boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho lemalla thobalano. ”

Psychology kajeno hlahlobeloa:

Sepheo sa thuto e ne e le eng?

Phumiso: Thuto ea rona e ile ea lekoa hore na batho ba tlaleha mathata a joalo ba shebahala joaloka lithethefatsi tse ling tse tsoang likong tsa boko ba litšoantšo tsa thobalano. Liphuputso tsa lithethefatsi tse lemalloang lithethefatsi, tse kang cocaine, li bontšitse mokhoa o tsitsitseng oa ho arabela boko ba litšoantšo tsa lithethefatsi tsa tlhekefetso, kahoo re ile ra bolela esale pele hore re lokela ho bona mohlala o tšoanang ho batho ba tlaleha mathata ka thobalano haeba e le hantle, lemalla.

Na see se bontša ho lemalla thobalano ke tšōmo?

Phumamelo: Haeba thuto ea rona e hlalositsoe, liphuputso tsena li tla ba phephetso e kholo litabeng tsa ho kopanela liphate "bothata ba ho kopanela liphate." Lebaka le etsang hore liphuputso li be phephetso ke hore li bonts'a boko ba bona ha boa ka ba arabela litšoantšo tse kang tse ling tsa lithethefatsi ho lithethefatsi tsa bona. lemalla.

Litaba tse kaholimo li re "boko ba bona ha boa ka ba arabela joalo ka makhoba a mang" ha se 'nete, ebile ha ho moo e ka fumanoang teng thuto ea sebele. E fumanoa feela lipuisanong tsa Prause. Ka Steele et al., 2013, bafo ba bona ba ne ba e-na le litlaleho tse phahameng tsa EEG (P300) ha ba sheba litšoantšo tsa thobalano, e leng sona hantle se etsahalang ha ba lemaletseng ho sheba litšoantšo tse amanang le ho lemala ha bona (joalo ka thuto ena ka ho lemalla ha cocaine). Ho fana ka maikutlo ho tlase ho Psychology kajeno hlahlobeloa ea Prause, Moprofesa ea phahameng oa thuto ea kelello o hlahileng John A. Johnson o itse:

"Kelello ea ka e ntse e tsubella polelo ea Prause ea hore boko ba bafo ba hae ha boa ka ba arabela litšoantšong tsa thobalano joalo ka bokooa ba batho ba lemaletseng lithethefatsi, hobane a tlaleha lipalo tse phahameng tsa P300 bakeng sa litšoantšo tsa thobalano. Joalo ka ba lemalloang ba bonts'a li-spikes tsa P300 ha ba hlahisoa ka lithethefatsi tsa bona tseo ba li ratang. O ne a ka fihlela qeto e fapaneng le liphetho tsa nnete joang?

Dr. Johnson, ea neng a se na maikutlo mabapi le ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate, o ile a araba ka lekhetlo la bobeli tlas'a puisano ea Prause:

Mocha oa Mustanski o botsa, "Sepheo sa thuto e ne e le eng?" 'Me Prause o arabela, "Phuputso ea rona e ile ea leka hore na batho ba tlaleha mathata a joalo [mathata a ho laola tsela eo ba shebellang li-online erotica] ba shebahala eka ke lithethefatsi tse ling tse tsoang likong tsa bokooa litšoantšong tsa thobalano."

(Said Johnson) Empa phuputso ha ea ka ea bapisa lirekoto tsa boko ho batho ba nang le mathata a ho laola pono ea bona ea li-erotica tsa inthanete le lirekoto tsa bokong tse tsoang ho batho ba lemaletseng lithethefatsi le lirekoto tsa boko tse tsoang sehlopheng se seng sa taolo ea bokhoba, se ka beng e bile tsela e totobetseng ea ho bona hore na boko likarabo tse tsoang sehlopheng se nang le mathata li shebahala joalo ka likarabo tsa bokooa ba batho ba lemaletseng kapa bao e seng makhoba…

Lipampiri tse hlano tse hlahlojoang ke lithaka haesale li pepesa 'nete ka khaello ea tšehetso ea liqoso tsa Prause mabapi le mosebetsi oa sehlopha sa hae:

1. 'Takatso e Phahameng', kapa 'Hantle' ke Tšebeliso ea Lithethefatsi? Karabo ho Steele et al. (2014), ea Donald L. Hilton, Jr., MD
2. Valerie Voon, Thomas B. Mole, Paula Banca, Laura Porter, Laurel Morris, Simon Mitchell, Tatyana R. Lapa, Judy Karr, Neil A., ba bang ba nang le likamano tsa thobalano le ba se nang boiketlo ba ho kopanela liphate (2014) Harrison, Marc N. Potenza, le Michael Irvine
3. Neuroscience ea Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Inthaneteng Ho Lemalla: Tlhahlobo le Ntlafatso (2015), ea Todd Love, Christian Laier, Matthias Brand, Linda Hatch & Raju Hajela
4. Na Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Tsa Inthanete li baka Mathata a Kopanela Liphate? Tlhahlobo le Litlaleho tsa Kliniki (2016), ea Brian Y. Park, Gary Wilson, Jonathan Berger, Matthew Christman, Bryn Reina, Frank Bishop, Warren P. Klam le Andrew P. Doan
5. Mekhoa e Hlokomelang le e sa Hlokomelehang ea Maikutlo: Na a Tšoenyeha ka Hangata ea Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Sebelisa? (2017) ka Sajeev Kunaharan, Sean Halpin, Thiagarajan Sitharthan, Shannon Bosshard le Peter Walla

2) Prause et al. 2015:

Tlalehong ea hae ea pele e sa tšehetsoeng, Prause o ile a phatlalatsa ka sebete ho webosaete ea hae ea lab ea SPAN, a phatlalatsa hore thuto ea hae ea boinotšing "e qhekella bokhoba ba thobalano"

Seo mofuputsi a ka reng a ka se etsa tšimo e tsitsitseng ea lipatlisiso le ho hana lithuto tsohle tsa pele ka thuto e le 'ngoe ea EEG?

Nicole Prause o ile a boela a re thuto ea hae e na le 122 lihlooho (N). Ha e le hantle, phuputso e ne e na le "basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" ba 55 feela. Barupeluoa ba bang ba 67 ba ne ba lithibelo, ha ho joalo lihlooho.

Lethathamong la boraro la liphihlelo, Prause, et al. e boletsoeng ka bobeli le ka 'meleng oa thuto:

"Tsena ke litaba tsa pele tse sebetsang tsa 'mele oa batho ba tlalehang mathata a taolo ea VSS."

Ho hlakile hore ha ho joalo, joalo ka Thuto ea Cambridge fMRI e ngotsoe hoo e ka bang selemo pejana.

hobane Prause et al.,, 2015 e tlalehile Nyane boitsebiso ba boko bo fetisetsang banilla (litšoantšo) tse amanang le ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa haholo, bo boletsoeng ka holimo e le ho tšehetsa khopolo ea hore litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse sa foleng li laola ho laola tsoho ea thobalano. Ka mantsoe a bonolo, basebelisi ba sa tloaelehang ba litšoantšo tse hlephisang boitšoaro ba ne ba halefile ke litšoantšo tse tsitsitseng tsa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro (tse fumanoang ka ho tšoanang Kuhn le Gallinat., 2014). Liphuputso tsena li lumellana le ho mamellana, pontšo ea ho lemala. Ho mamella ho hlalosoa e le karabelo ea motho e fokolang ho lithethefatsi kapa ts'ehetso e bakoang ke ho sebelisoa khafetsa. Litokomane tse supileng tse hlahlojoang ke lithaka li lumellana hore thuto ena e hlile e fumanoe e le ts'oaetso / tloaelo ho ba sebelisang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa

1. Ho fokotseha ha LPP bakeng sa litšoantšo tsa thobalano ho basebelisi ba nang le bothata ba ho sheba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho kanna ha tsamaellana le mehlala ea lithethefatsi. Ntho e ngoe le e ngoe e ipapisitse le mohlala (Commentary on Prause, Steele, Staley, Sabatinelli, & Hajcak, 2015)
2. Boitsebiso bo bongata ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Inthaneteng Ho lemalla: Tlhahlobo le Tlhahlobo (2015)
3. Mokhoa oa ho phekola liketso tsa ho kopanela liphate ka mokhoa o tsitsitseng oa ho kopanela liphate: Setsebi se hlahisang (2016)
4. Na boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate bo lokela ho nkoa e le tahi? (2016)
5. Na Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Tsa Inthanete li baka Mathata a Kopanela Liphate? Tlhahlobo le Litlaleho tsa Bongaka (2016)
6. Mekhoa ea ho hlokomeleha le e sa hlokomelehang ea maikutlo: Na e khathatsa ka nako e telele ea bootsoa Sebelisa? (2017)
7. Mekhoa ea ho ba le tšebetso ea kelello ea khatello ea boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate (2018)

Mongoli oa setsebi sa pele, setsebi sa kelello Mateusz Gola, o ile a akaretsa hantle:

"Ka bomalimabe sehlooho se sebete sa Prause et al. (2015) sengoloa se se se bile le tšusumetso mecheng ea litaba, ka hona sa tumisa sephetho se sa lumellaneng le mahlale. ”

Phuputso e entsoeng e hlahisa lipolelo tse hanyetsanang mabapi le lithuto tsena ka bobeli. E Steele et al., 2013 'me e poso ea blog ka Steele et al. Prause e bolela hore ho sebetsa ha boko bo fokolang (ho fumanoa ha Prause et al., 2015) e ne e tla bontša tloaelo kapa ho lemalla.

Lekhetleng la 2013 le itse Steele et al. e ne e le lekhetlo la pele ho balloa ha EEG ho tlalehiloe bakeng sa seo ho thoeng ke "hypersexourse". Kaha ena e ne e le Thapelo ea "pele" e lumela hore ke khopolo-taba e hlakileng mabapi le hore na "li-hypersexourse" lokela ba le litemana tsa EEG tse phahameng kapa tse fokolang ho feta tse latelang:

"Kaha sena ke lekhetlo la pele li-ERP li tlalehiloe ka batho ba ratanang le batho ba bong bo fapaneng, 'me lingoliloeng tse mabapi le ho lemalla lithethefatsi (P300 e phahameng) le ho hloka maikutlo (P300 e tlase) li fana ka maikutlo a likhakanyo tse fapaneng, tataiso ea tšusumetso ea bosodoma e boletsoe haholo molemong oa thuto." [Ke hore, ntle le motheo o mongata.]

As e hlalositsoe mona Steele et al. 2013 e ne e se na sehlopha sa taolo, ka hona Prause e ne e ke ke ea bapisa "litlolo tsa bootsoa" "li-EEG li baliloe le" bao e seng makhoba. " Ka lebaka leo, thuto ea hae ea 2013 ha e re bolelle letho ka li ballo tsa EEG bakeng sa batho ba phetseng hantle kapa "batho ba etsang thobalano." Ha re tsoeleng pele ka maikutlo a Prause a tsoang 2013:

"Ka hona, batho ba nang le takatso e phahameng ea thobalano ba ka bonts'a phapang e kholo ea boholo ba P300 lipakeng tsa litakatso tsa thobalano le tse sa nke lehlakore ka lebaka la botsitso le maikutlo a maikutlo. Ntle le moo, phapang ea boholo ba P300 kapa ha e eo e ka lekanngoa ka lebaka la tloaelo ea lits'oants'o tsa thobalano (VSS). ”

Ka 2013, Prause o re litlolo tsa bootsoa, ​​ha li bapisoa le litaelo, li ka bontša:

1. e phahameng Litemana tsa EEG ka lebaka la cue-reactivity ho litšoantšo, kapa
2. tlaase Litemana tsa EEG ka lebaka la tloaelo ea ho kopanela liphate (VSS).

Likhoeli tse hlano pele ho moo Steele et al. 2013 e phatlalalitsoe, Prause le David Ley ba ile ba sebetsa ho ngola sena Psychology kajeno blog ya poso ka thuto ea hae e tlang. Ho eona ba bolela hore "ho fokotsa likarabo tsa motlakase”E ne e tla bontša tloaelo kapa ho hloka tlhompho:

Empa, ha li-EEG li fuoa batho bana, joalo ka ha ba ne ba nka litšusumetso tse mpe, litholoana li ile tsa makatsa, 'me ho hang li ne li sa lumellane le khopolo ea ho lemalla thobalano. Haeba ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho ne ho tloaetse (kapa ho nyenyefatsa), joalo ka lithethefatsi, ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho ka fokotsa matla a motlakase bokong. Ebile, liphethong tsena, ho ne ho se karabelo e joalo. Sebakeng seo, kakaretso ea bankakarolo e bonts'itse likarabelo tse eketsehileng tsa boko ba motlakase litšoantšong tse tsosang takatso tseo ba li bontšitsoeng, joalo ka boko ba "batho ba tloaelehileng"…

Kahoo, re na le Prause ea 2013 "Motlakase o fokotsehile" e ne e tla bontša mokhoa oa ho tloaela kapa oa ho lahla (ho fana ka maikutlo a ho lemala). Lilemo tse peli hamorao, ho 2015, ha Prause ba fumane bopaki ba ho hloka boithati (e tloaelehileng bathong ba lemalloang), o re bolella "Motlakase o fokotsehile" ho khelosa lithethefatsi tsa bootsoa. Huh?

Nakong ea lilemo tse peli ho ile ha nka Prause hore a bapise lintlha tsa hae tse khathetso tse khathetseng le sehlopha sa sebele sa taolo, o entse flip-flop e feletseng. Hona joale, o bolela bopaki ba ho hloka boithati / tloaelo eo ae fumane ha a phaella sehlopha sa taolo ha e joalo bopaki ba bokhoba (boo a bo boletseng ho 2013 e ka be e bile). Ho e-na le hoo, o boetse o tsitlella hore o na le "ho lemalla ho lemalla". Sena ha se lumellane ebile ha se lumellane le mahlale, mme se fana ka maikutlo a hore ho sa tsotelehe liphetho tse hanyetsanang, o ikemiselitse ho ipolela hore o na le "ho lemalla ho lemalla".

SLIDE 19

Bo-rasaense ba lekanya liphetoho tsa boko bo ka sehloohong joang? Lintlha tsa bokooa tsa mefuta e sa tšoaneng. Litlhahlobo tse joalo li bontša ho fokotsa likarabo tsa boithabiso mokhoeng oa lithethefatsi. Liphetoho tsena le tse ling tse ngata li 'nile tsa bonoa le ho lemalla papali ea chelete, lithethefatsi tsa lithethefatsi, le morao tjena, lithethefatsi tsa papali ea video.

TŠEBELETSO EA SEHLOOHO:

Setšoantšo sa slide 19 se tsoa Tšebeliso ea Lithethefatsi le Motheo oa Motheo oa Neurobiological: Tlhahiso ea Neuroimaging Bakeng sa ho Kopanngoa ha Cortex ea Pele (2002). Poleloana "ho fokotsa thabo karabelo" e bolela ho hloka boithati, e ka hlalosoang e le ho fokotsa moputso oa kutloisiso. Phetoho ena ea bokooa e amanang le lithethefatsi e akarelletsa liphetoho tsa nako e telele tsa lik'hemik'hale le tsa moralo tse tlohelang ho lemalla ho se tsotellehe menyaka. Ho hlaseloa ha maikutlo ho atisa ho iponahatsa e le ho mamellana, e leng tlhokahalo ea tekanyo e phahameng kapa ts'ehetso e kholo ho finyella karabo e tšoanang.

Likarolo tse latelang li na le lithuto tse makholo tsa methapo ea pelo li tšehetsa maikutlo a ka a reng, "Tsena le liphetoho tse ling tse 'maloa li boetse li bonoa papali ea papali ea chelete, lithethefatsi tsa lithethefatsi, le morao tjena, lithethefatsi tsa papali ea video":

• Lijo tsa ho lemalla likokoana-hloko / ho ja lijo tsa ho itlopa joala
• Lipapali tsa papali ea papali ea papali ea chelete
• Lithuto tsa bokhoba ba inthanete le video

TŠEBELETSO E NTSENG:

Likarolo tse 3 tse kaholimo li tšehetsa ka botlalo lipolelo tse hlahisitsoeng ho slide 19. Slide 18 e fana ka ts'ehetso e matlafatsang bakeng sa liphetoho tse tšoanang tsa boko tse etsahalang bathong ba lemaletseng litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Slide e latelang e fana ka tšehetso e matla bakeng sa liphetoho tse amanang le bokhoba tse amanang le bokhoba tse hlahang inthaneteng le bathong ba papali ea video.

SLIDE 20

'Me hona joale, ka lithethefatsi tsa Inthanete. Ke kōpa tšoarelo ka ho tlatsa slide ka lithuto tsa boko - empa ke batla hore bohle ba tsebe hore ba teng. Hlokomela feela matsatsi - tsena li chesa mochine oa khatiso. Hajoale, lipatlisiso tsohle tsa boko li supa ka tsela e le 'ngoe feela: Ketsahalo e tloaelehileng-ka-penya e ka baka ho lemalla. Re tseba sena, hobane ha bo-rasaense ba hlahloba batho ba neng ba e-na le lithethefatsi tsa Inthanete, boko bona bo ne bo fetoha. Ka bomalimabe, ha ho le tse ling tsa lithuto tsena tse arohanyang basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa Internet-le hoja ba li kenyelletsa.

Mona ke papali changer….

TŠEBELETSO EA SEHLOOHO:

Phuputso e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e thathamisitsoeng ho slide 20 e tlaleha liphetoho tsa boko ho ba lemalloang ke inthanete tse bonts'ang tse fumanoang ho batho ba lemaletseng lithethefatsi (ho ne ho na le lithuto tse fetang 10 empa ke sona feela seo nka se khonang ho slide se le seng). Mona ke lenane la lithuto tsa methapo ea kutlo ea bokooa ba ba lemaletseng inthanete e phatlalalitsoeng pele ho moo Boiteko bo Boholo ba Litšoantšo. Kantle ho lipatlisiso tsena, liphuputso tsena li tlalehile liphetoho tsa boko ka lithethefatsi tse sebelisoang Inthaneteng tse lumellanang le mokhoa oa ho lemala.

1. Bopaki ba ho hlasela dopamine ho lokolloa nakong ea papali ea video (1998)
2. Liphatsa tsa lefutso le meputso e itšetlehile ka bana ba lilemong tsa bocha ba bapalang papali ea papali ea video ea inthanete (2007)
3. Tlhahlobo e khethehileng ea ho bapala lipapaling tsa papali ea papali ea k'homphieutha lipapaling tse ngata (2007)
4. Tšusumetso ea tšebeliso e fetisisang ea inthanete ka bokhoni bo amanang le ketsahalo (2008)
5. Liketso tsa bono tse amanang le papali ea ho bapala lipapali tsa ho bapala lipapali (2008).
6. Phello ea tšebeliso e feteletseng ea marang-rang linthong tse amanang le liketsahalo tsa N400 tse amanang le ketsahalo (2008)
7. Phello ea methylphenidate papali ea papali ea video ea Inthanete ho bana ba nang le bothata ba ho se hlokomelehe (2009)
8. Ho etsa liqeto le mekhoa ea ho thibela likarabo ho ba sebelisang internet haholo (2009)
9. Bohlokoa bo Bobe ka ho Inthaneteng le Inthaneteng: Thuto ea Morphometry (2009) ea Voxel
10. Phello ea tšebeliso e feteletseng ea Inthanete ka nako ea likarolo tsa EEG (2009)
11. Ho bapala papali ea k'homphieutha le ea video-papiso pakeng tsa basebelisi ba papali le basebelisi ba se nang papali (2010)
12. Boipropionese bo boloka phekolo ea tokoloho bo fokotsa ho lakatsa lipapali tsa video le mosebetsi oa boko bo bakoang ke bokooa ho bakuli ba nang le lithethefatsi tsa papali ea video ea Inthanete (2010)
13. Ho fetoha methapo ea methapo ea methapo ea lik'hemik'hale sebakeng sa lipapali tsa internet: 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron tlhahiso ea tomography (2010)
14. Liphetoho ho Cue Induced Prefrontal Cortex Mosebetsi le Video Game Play (2010)
15. Sepheo se amanang le ketsahalo ea ho hlahlojoa ha matla a ho thibela ho thibela tšoaetso ho batho ba nang le lisebelisoa tsa ho sebelisa Inthanete (2010)
16. Tšitiso ea ho ba le tšusumetso ho batho ba nang le bothata ba ho lemala Inthaneteng: bopaki ba electrophysiological ho tsoa ho sekolo sa Go / NoGo (2010)
17. Phapang ea ho lemalla ho lemalla lithethefatsi Inthaneteng maemo a kotsi ho itšetlehile ka likarabo tsa boithatelo bo itekanetseng: khopolo ea lithethefatsi ea Inthanete ea mosebetsi oa boipheliso (2010)
18. Ho eketseha ha homogeneity ea setereke sebakeng sa bothata ba ho lemalla li-intaneti boemo ba ho phomola ho ithuta thuto ea litšoantšo tsa mahlaseli a motlakase (2010)
19. Phuputso ea menyetla e amanang le ketsahalo ea ho sebetsa mohopolong oa lithethefatsi tsa bacha tsa inthanete (2010)
20. Dopamine e fokotsang batho ba nang le bothata ba D2 ba amohelang batho Inthaneteng (2011)
21. Microstructure e sa tloaelehang baneng ba nang le Internet Addiction Disorder. (2011)
22. Tlhahlobo ea pele ea ho lemala Inthaneteng le ts'ebetso ea tsebo ho bacha ba thehiloeng litsing tsa IQ (2011)
23. Phetoho ea P300 le phekolo ea ho itšoara hantle litabeng tsa boitšoaro litabeng tse nang le bothata ba ho lemalla bothata ba Inthanete: Thuto ea ho latela khoeli ea 3 (2011)
24. Batho ba lemaletseng Inthaneteng ba bontša hore ha ba na matla a ho laola bolaoli ba bopaki bo tsoang ho lentsoe la mebala: Mosebetsi oa Stroop (2011)
25. Litšitiso Mehleng ea Bochabela Tsela ea ho ba le Pono ho Basebelisi ba Inthaneteng (2011)
26. Botho bo amanang le ho lakatsa ho bapala lipapaling tsa Inthaneteng tlas'a maemo a hlahelletseng litabeng tse nang le ho lemalla lipapali tsa Inthanete le litabeng tse lokolitsoeng. (2011)
27. Mokhoa o ts'oanang oa ho susumetsa batho ba baholo ba nang le bothata ba ho bapala lipapali tsa Inthanete (2011)
28. Tlhokomelo e ntlafetseng ea ho ba le kutloisiso le ho lahleheloa ke tahlehelo Boikutlo bo botle ba ho Inthaneteng ba Inthaneteng: Thuto ea fMRI Nakong ea Boikarabelo (2011)
29. Ketsahalo ea boko le takatso ea papali ea papali ea video ea Inthanete (2011)
30. Papali ea Inthanete e feteletseng le ho etsa liqeto: Na lipapali tse ngata tsa World of Warcraft li na le mathata ho etsa liqeto tlas'a maemo a kotsi? (2011)
31. Motheo oa lipapali tsa li-neural (2011)
32. Tšusumetso ea tsamaiso ea dopaminergic ho lemalla internet (2011)
33. Liphello tsa motlakase oa motlakase o kopantsoeng ke kelello-ho kenya letsoho mosebetsing le liketsahalo tse amanang le liketsahalo P300 le ho hlokomoloha ho se tsotelle ha bakuli ba nang le bothata ba inthanete (2012)
34. Taba e sa tloaelehang e tšoeu Botšepehi ho bacha ba nang le ts'oaetso ea Internet:
35. Dopamine e fetisang batho ba nang le ts'oaetso ho batho ba nang le Internet Addiction Disorder (2012)

Slide 20 e boetse e boletse hore lithuto tse 'maloa tsa lithethefatsi tsa lithethefatsi li bontšitse ho fetoha ha matšoao a amanang le lithethefatsi le liphetoho tsa boko bo amanang le lithethefatsi. Lithuto tse latelang li tšehetse moemeli ona:

1. Liphello tsa motlakase oa motlakase o kopantsoeng ke kelello-ho kenya letsoho mosebetsing le liketsahalo tse amanang le liketsahalo P300 le ho hlokomoloha ho se tsotelle ha bakuli ba nang le bothata ba inthanete (2012) Kamora matsatsi a 40 a ho fokotsa ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang le kalafo e fumane hantle litekong tsa ts'oaetso, ka liphetoho tse tšoanang tsa EEG.
2. Phetoho ea P300 le phekolo ea ho itšoara hantle litabeng tsa boitšoaro litabeng tse nang le bothata ba ho lemalla bothata ba Inthanete: Thuto ea ho latela khoeli ea 3 (2011) - Litemana tsa EEG tse fetotsoeng (tse bontšang likhaello tsa ts'oaetso) li khutlela litekong tse tloaelehileng ka mor'a likhoeli tsa 3 tsa phekolo.
3. Botho bo lumellanang le ho lakatsa ho bapala lipapali tsa marang-rang tlas'a maemo a ho hlahella litabeng tse nang le ho lemalla lipapali tsa Inthanete le litabeng tse lokiselitsoeng (2011) - Boko ba ho tlosoa lits'ebetsong tsa inthanete bo arabetse ka tsela e fapaneng ho feta boko ba lithethefatsi tsa morao-rao tsa inthanete.
4. Ho buisana ka Inthaneteng, ho qobella batho ho sebelisa inthanete, le boiketlo ba kelello har'a bacha: Thuto ea nako e telele (2008) - Thuto ea nako e telele: "Tšebeliso ea lenane la hang-hang le ho qoqa mecheng ea puisano e ne e amana hantle le ho sebelisoa ha Inthanete le ho tepella maikutlong hamorao likhoeli tsa 6."
5. Precursor kapa Sequela: Mathata a Pathological In Batho ba nang le Internet Addiction Disorder (2011) - Karolo e ikhethang ke hore lithuto tsa lipatlisiso li ne li e-so sebelise marang-rang pele li ingolisa kolecheng. Phuputso e ile ea latela baithuti ba univesithi ba selemo sa pele ho netefatsa hore na ke liperesente life tse hlahisang bokhoba ba inthanete, mme ke lintho life tse ka bang kotsi ho tsona. Kamora selemo se le seng sa sekolo liperesente tse nyane li ile tsa khetholloa e le makhoba a inthanete. Ba ileng ba hlahisa lithethefatsi tsa inthanete qalong ba ne ba phahame ka bongata, empa ba ne ba le tlase ho bongata ba khatello ea maikutlo le lehloeo. “Kamora ho ba le bokhoba ba inthanete ho ile ha bonoa lintlha tse phahameng haholo bakeng sa khatello ea maikutlo, ho tšoenyeha, lehloeo, kutlo ea batho, le kelello, ho fana ka maikutlo a hore tsena ke litholoana tsa bokhoba ba ho lemalla lithethefatsi. Re sitoa ho fumana selelekela se tiileng sa lefu la ho lemalla lithethefatsi. Boloetse ba ho lemalla ho sebelisa Inthanete bo ka 'na ba tlisetsa ba lemaletseng mathata ka litsela tse itseng. ”
6. Tlhaloso ea ho Sebelisa Inthanete ka Bochabela ba Melello ea Bacha (2010) - Phuputso e lebelletsoeng: "Liphetho li fana ka maikutlo a hore bacha bao qalong ba se nang mathata a bophelo bo botle ba kelello empa ba sebelisa marang-rang ba ka ba le khatello ea maikutlo."

TŠEBELETSO E NTSENG:

Liphuputso tse ling tse ngata li 'nile tsa hatisoa ho tloha Boiteko bo Boholo ba Litšoantšo. Ntle ho moo, bohle ba tlalehile boko liphetoho ho ba lemalloang Inthaneteng li lumellana le mokhoa oa ts'oaetso:

1. Bokooa bo sa tloaelehang bo ts'ebetsong ea mocha oa mocha oa ho lemala mosebetsing oa lipapali: Ho ka etsahala hore ho na le li-correlate tse nang le mahlakore a mabeli a ho silafala a senotsoeng ke fMRI (2012)
2. Ho laola ho thibela ho itšireletsa hoa inthaneteng bothata ba ho lemalla bothata ba inthanete: Thuto ea ho etsa litšoantšo tsa mahlaseli a motlakase. (2012)
3. Phello ea phekolo ea malapa ka liphetoho boemong bo matla ba papali ea papali ea papali ea lipapali le mosebetsi oa bokooa ho bacha ba nang le lithethefatsi tsa papali ea lipapali (2012)
4. Ho khetholla le ho thibela ho bapala lipapali tsa papali ho amana le bothata ba ho bapala ka bohlankana ba lilemong tsa bocha. (2012)
5. Liphetoho sebakeng sa ho arohana ha lichaba tsa ho ts'oanela ho phomola boemo ba boko bo sebetsong le ho bapala lipapali tsa lipapali tsa inthanete. (2012)
6. Phoso ea ho sebetsana le ho thibela likarabo ho bapalami ba papali ea papali ea k'homphieutha: thuto e ka amanang le ketsahalo (2012)
7. Lesebelisoa tsa boko bakeng sa papali ea ho bapala ka bobeli le ho tsuba lipakane har'a lihlooho tse nyenyefatsang ka ho lemalla lipapali tsa Inthanete le ho itšetleha ka bokoali. (2012)
8. Thuto ea fMRI ea ho ba le takatso ea ho lakatsa ho susumetsoa ke litšoantšo tsa maqheka ho bapala lipapali tsa Inthanete (banna ba lilemong tsa bocha) (2012)
9. Lintho tse fapaneng tsa bohlooho boemong bo botle ho bakuli ba nang le ts'ebeliso ea papali ea papali ea lipapali le ba bapalisi ba lipapali (2012)
10. Ho fapanyetsana litšoantšo tse senyang li senola thalamus le li-cortex tse sa tloaelehang lipapaling tsa lipapali tsa marang-rang (2012).
11. Tlhahlobo ea morphometric e thehiloeng ho voxel ea taba ea bohlooho boko ba lipapali tsa lipapali tsa inthanete (2012)
12. Ho hloka kutloisiso ea maikutlo ho litšoantšo tse amanang le papali ea Inthanete le ho haelloa ke maemo ho batho ba nang le lithethefatsi tsa papali ea Inthanete (2012)
13. Cortical Thickness Maemo a sa Tšoaneng ha a se a le Nakong e Ncha ea Bocha le ho Etsa Litebelisoa Tsa Inthaneteng (2013)
14. Cue reactivity le thibelo ea eona ho bapalami ba papali ea papali ea k'homphieutha (2013)
15. Ho fokotsa ho sebetsa ha boko ba bokooa ho bacha ba nang le lithethefatsi tsa inthanete (2013)
16. Moriri o motenya le tšoeu e sa tloaelehang papaling ea lipapali tsa Inthanete (2013).
17. Boemo ba ho feto-fetoha ha kelello ho lithethefatsi tsa inthanete: Bopaki ba fMRI bo hlahang maemong a thata le a bonolo ho fetoha (2013)
18. Phetoho e sebetsang ea boemo bo botle ba 'muso ba ho phomola ha bacha ba nang le ho lemalla lipapali tsa inthanete (2013)
19. Ho fokotseha ha orbitofrontal cortical ho banna ba batona ba nang le lithethefatsi tsa inthanete (2013)
20. Maikutlo a ho lemalla mohoeletsi / kotlo pakeng tsa li-inthanete: Liphello tsa boitšoaro ba bona ba ho lemalla (2013).
21. Boemo ba ho feto-fetoha ha motlakase o fokolang ho bacha ba nang le ho lemalla lipapali tsa Inthanete (2013)
22. Ho shebella papali ha ho na ho lekana: Meputso ea mokha oa fMri e arabeloa ka katleho le ho se atlehe papaling ea video nakong ea ho bapala ka mafolofolo le ka tšohanyetso (2013)
23. Ke eng e etsang hore ho lemalloa Inthaneteng ho tsoele pele ho bapala Inthaneteng esita le ha u talimane le liphello tse bohloko? Litlhaloso tse ka fumanoang thutong ea fMRI (2013)
24. Tsela ea Voxel e bapisoa le bothata ba ho etsa lipapali tsa motlakase oa matla a motlakase ho lilemong tsa bocha ba nang le ho lemalla lipapali tsa inthanete (2013).
25. Ts'ebetso ea boko bakeng sa ho thibela ho arabela tlas'a tšitiso ea papali ea ho bapala ka bothata ba ho bapala ka inthanete (2013)
26. Ho lemalla lipapali tsa Inthanete: Pono ea morao-rao (2013)
27. Ho bapisoa le Matšoao a Maiketsetso le Mefuta ea Serum ea Li-Neurotransmitters ea Shanghai Bacha ba nang le ntle le Inthaneteng Mathata a Mathata: Tlhahlobo ea Tlhahlobo ea Tlhahlobo (2013)
28. Mosebetsi oa ho phomola oa beta le oa gamma ho lemalla Inthanete (2013)
29. Electroencephalographic (EEG) mekhoa ea bokooa ka mehlala ea batho ba baholo ba fumanoang ba e-na le lithethefatsi tsa inthanete (2013)
30. Phoso e sa Utloeng Bohloko-Ho Tsamaisa Mosebetsi ho Batho ba nang le Bothata ba Lithethefatsi Tsa Inthanete: Thuto ea FMRI e amanang le Ketsahalo (2013).
31. Liphello tsa Tšebeliso ea Inthaneteng Litabeng Tsa Pelo Ho Fapana ha Bana Bana ba Hōlileng Sekolong (2013)
32. Phoso e amanang le ho se hlokomelehe ho ka etsahala ho batho ka bomong ba nang le Internet Addiction Disorder (2013)
33. Ho fokotsa mosebetsi oa lobe o ka pele ho batho ba nang le bothata ba ho lemala Inthaneteng (2013)
34. Mefuta e fapaneng ea ho phomola-boemo ba EEG mekhoa e amanang le ho tetebela maikutlo ka ho feteletseng ha ho lemalla Inthanete (2014)
35. Bokooa Inthaneteng: li-correlate tsa mekhoa ea ho sebelisa Inthaneteng (2014)
36. Ho se sebetse ka ho toba-Basal Ganglia ho kopanngoa ho bacha ba nang le lithethefatsi tsa inthanete (2014)
37. Prefrontal Control le Internet Addiction A Theorytical Model le Tlhaloso ea Liphetoho tsa Neuropsychological and Neuroimaging (2014)
38. Mekhoa ea Neural e arabelang meputsong e fapaneng le boitsebiso bo botong ba bacha ba lilemong tsa bocha ba Inthaneteng ba fumanoang ka litšoantšo tse sebetsang tsa motlakase (2014)
39. Batho ba lemaletseng ho sebelisa Inthanete ba arolelana ho se ts'oane le ho se sebetse ka molao ho bakuli ba itšetlehileng ka joala (2014)
40. U sitisoe Inthaneteng ea Mosebetsi oa Bokooa Khathatsong ea Mathata a Inthanete: Thuto ea ho Nahana ka ho Tsamaea ha Magnetic Resonance (2014)
41. Mosebetsi o Pharaletseng oa Mesebetsi e Phahameng e Amana le Boikokobetso bo Bonyane ba Bohlokoa Boemong ba Anterior Cingulate Cortex (2014)
42. Phetoho ea boko e fetotsoe nakong ea karabo ea ho thibela le ho sebetsa ka phoso litabeng tse nang le bothata ba ho bapala lipapaling tsa Inthanete: thuto ea maiketsetso ea khoheli (2014)
43. Boikarabelo ba prefrontal ho batho ba nang le bothata ba ho bapala Inthaneteng: ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa lipatlisiso tsa maiketsetso a mahlaseli a motlakase (2014)
44. Tsela ea ho ba le tšekamelo ea boitšoaro le ho se sebetse ka mokhoa o fosahetseng oa ho ba le tšusumetso ea maikutlo ho bacha ba nang le ho lemalla lipapali tsa inthanete tse senotsoeng ke thuto ea FMRI (2014) ea Go / No-Go.
45. PET ea ho nahana e senola boko bo sebetsanang le bothata ba ho bapala ka inthanete (2014)
46. Ho kopana ha botho ho thibelang ho arabela habonolo bothateng ba ho bapala ho Internet (2014)
47. Proton magnetic resonance spectoncopy (MRS) ka ho lemalla papali ea papali ea lipapali (2014)
48. Ho fokolloa ke maikutlo ho ts'ebelisoang ke batho ba bapala lipapali tse fapaneng ho fapana ho latela mofuta oa papali ea papali (2014)
49. Mekhoa ea ho sebelisa li-neurophysiological le tse ling tsa bokooa pakeng tsa boloetse ba ho bapala ka marang-rang le bothata ba ho sebelisa joala hampe (2014)
50. Phekolo ea sebele ea sebele bakeng sa bothata ba papali ea lipapali (2014)
51. Taba e sa tloaelehang ea bohlooho le bosoasoi ba litaba tse tšoeu ho 'ba lemaletse lipapali tsa inthanete' (2014)
52. Monyetla o fetotsoeng oa mahlahahlaha oa mahlahahlaha o amanang le ho hlekefetsoa ho bacha ba nang le bothata ba lipapali tsa inthanete (2014)
53. Tlhahlobo e kotsi ea batho ba nang le bothata ba ho bapala Inthaneteng: Bopaki ba fMRI bo tsoang mosebetsing oa ho theola boipheliso (2014)
54. Bothata bo fokotsehileng ba fiber le taolo ea tsebo ho bacha ba nang le bothata ba ho bapala lipapali tsa inthanete (2014)
55. Tlhahlobo ea lits'ebetsong tsa microstructure tse nyenyane ka ho sebelisa DKI ho lemalla ho bapala lipapali tsa marang-rang (2014)
56. EEG le ERP e thehiloeng Degree ea Internet Game Addiction Analysis (2014)
57. Tšebelisano e fokolang ea ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang tsamaisong ea tsamaiso ea tsamaiso e amahanngoa le bokooa ba bolaoli bo sa sebetsanang le bothata ba ho bapala lipapali tsa Inthanete (2014)
58. Liphetoho tse sa tšoaneng tsa ho phomola ha boemo bo sebetsang ho batho ba tsubang le ba sa tsitseng ka ho lemalla lipapali tsa inthanete (2014)
59. Ho kenella ka mokhoa o khethollang ho sebetsa ha setamen molemong oa bocha le bothata ba ho bapala lipapali tsa inthanete (2014)
60. Ho tšoana le phapang pakeng tsa bothata ba ho bapala ho Internet, ho becha le bothata ba ho sebelisa joala: Ho tsepamisa mohopolo ho se tsitsang le ho qobella (2014)
61. Tlhahlobo ea maikutlo e fosahetseng ha ho e-na le likotsi ho bacha ba nang le likarolo tsa bothata ba ho sebelisa Inthanete (2015)
62. Mehaho ea bongobo le ho kopanya li sebetsang li amana le ho se tšoane ha motho ka mong mofuteng oa Inthanete ho bacha ba phelang hantle (2015)
63. Tlhahlobo ea mekhoa ea neural e sebelisang facebook "ho lemalla" (2014)
64. Tlhaloso e Khutšoanyane ea Litsela tsa Neuroscientific Internet Inthaneteng (2015) PDF
65. Lintlafatso tse ncha mekhoeng ea neurobiological le ea pharmaco-genetic e bakelang ho lemala ha inthanete le video (2015)
66. Electroencephalogram Tlhokomelo le Boitsebiso bo Boleloang ho Batho ba nang le Inthaneteng Mathata le Visual Oddball Paradigm (2015)
67. Litšoantšo tsa Molek'hule le Tse Sebetsang tsa Tšebeliso ea Inthanete (2015)
68. Aberrant corticostriatal lipotoloho tse sebetsang lilemong tsa bocha Internet lemalla ntho boloetse (2015).
69. Mokhoa oa Inthanete o Nchafalitse Temoho ea Batho Joang? (2015)
70. Bothata ba ho Sebelisa Inthanete le ho Sebetsa ka 'Mele oa' mele (2015)
71. Li-neural substrates tsa ho etsa liqeto tse kotsi ho batho ba nang le lithethefatsi tsa Inthanete (2015)
72. Kamano pakeng tsa palo ea mali ea meriana ea dopamine le bothata ba ho lemalla lithethefatsi lilemong tsa bocha: thuto ea lifofane (2015)
73. Tšebeliso e mpe ea inthanete e amahanngoa le liphetoho tsa moralo tsamaisong ea moputso ea boko ho basali. (2015)
74. Ho sebetsa mohopolong, ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso le ho se tsitsisehe ka mathata a ts'oaetso ea Inthanete: papiso le papali ea papali ea chelete (2015)
75. O sitisitse ho kopanya ho hong-hang ho sebetsa le ho sebetsana le mekhoa ea ho lemalla lithethefatsi lilemong tsa bocha (2015)
76. Liphuputso tsa elektrophysiological ka ho lemalla internet: Tlhahlobo holima moralo oa mekhoa e mabeli (2015)
77. Motheo oa likokoana-hloko oa bothata ba ho sebelisa marang-rang (PIN) le liphello tsa phekolo (2015)
78. Lintho tse fapaneng tse amanang le ho itšetleha ka joala le bothata ba ho bapala lipapali tsa marang-rang (2015)
79. Bokooa ba lik'homphieutha tse ngata le ho laola tsebo ea ho bapala lipapaling tsa Inthanete ho tloha lilemong tsa bocha / ho ba batho ba baholo (2015)
80. E na le boima ba 'mele o bohlooho' me o sitisa mokhoa o sebetsang oa amygdala ho batho ba baholo ba nang le bothata ba ho bapala ka Inthanete (2015)
81. Sebaka sa libaka tsa phomolo sebakeng sa boipheliso e le sekheo sa likokoana-hloko bakeng sa bakuli ba nang le bothata ba ho bapala Inthaneteng: Papiso le bakuli ba nang le bothata ba ho noa joala le ho laola bophelo bo botle (2015)
82. Ho fetola moputso o sebetsanang le patholotiki ea k'homphieutha gamers: ERP-liphetho ho tloha semelo-tlhaho Gaming-Design (2015)
83. Striatum morphometry e amahanngoa le bothata ba ho laola maikutlo le ho ba le matšoao a maholo ka bothata ba ho bapala ka inthanete (2015)
84. Koetliso ea papali ea video le tsamaiso ea moputso (2015)
85. Ho fokotseha ha Prefrontal Lobe Interhemispheric Ho Sebelisana le Bana ba Bacha ba nang le Bothata ba ho Bapala ho Inthaneteng: Thuto ea Bohlokoa Ho Sebelisa FMRI ea Boipheliso (2015))
86. Litšoaneleho tse sebetsang tsa boko liithuti tsa k'holejeng tse nang le bothata ba ho bapala ka inthanete (2015)
87. Phetoho ea taba e bohlooho e na le matla a ho laola le ho na le ts'oaetso ho bacha ba nang le bothata ba ho bapala lipapali tsa inthanete (2015)
88. Tlhahlobo ea fMRI ea ho laola likamano ho bapalami ba mathata (2015)
89. Sebaka se sebetsang sa ho phomola sechabeng sa insula ho batho ba baholo ba nang le bothata ba ho bapala ka Inthanete (2015)
90. Ho se leka-lekanya ho sebetsa hokae pakeng tsa marangrang a taolo ea tsamaiso le marang-rang a marang-rang a hlalosetsa papali ea lipapali Inthaneteng ho batla boitšoaro boemong ba ho bapala lipapaling tsa Inthanete (2015)
91. Na papali ea Inthanete-e lemalla boko bo haufi le boemong ba ho kula? (2015)
92. E feteletse maikutlo ka tsela e feteletseng ea ho kopanela liphate le bacha ba bacha ba nang le ho bapala ka ho fetisisa Inthaneteng (2015)
93. Bongoli bo fetotsoeng bo sebetsana le lipapali tsa lipapali Ka mor'a Phihlelo ea Gaming (2015)
94. Liphello tsa Lipapali tsa Video ho Cognition le Boqapi ba Boko: Ho ka 'na ha E-ba le Tšusumetso ea Mathata a Neuropsychiatric (2015)
95. Ho se sebetse ha sebaka sa frontolimbic nakong ea ho hlapanya mantsoe ho bacha ba nang le bothata ba ho bapala ka Inthanete (2015)
96. Sebaka sa tlhaho se tloaelehileng sa cortex se phomola sebopeho se sebetsang le bothata ba bothata ba papali ea lipapali tsa internet (2015)
97. Litšobotsi tsa neurophysiological tsa boloetse ba ho bapala Inthaneteng le bothata ba ho sebelisa joala: boemo ba EEG ea ho phomola (2015)
98. Ho lemalla lipapali (2015)
99. Tšebeliso e fokolang ea ts'ebetso pakeng tsa sebaka sa ventral tegmental le nucleus accumbens ts'ebetsong ea lipapali tsa Inthanete: bopaki bo tsoang ho boemo bo botle ba papiso ea motlakase ea mahlaseli a motlakase (2015)
100. Tlhaloso ea Tlhahlobo ea Khethollo ea Khethollo ea Khethollo ea Khethollo ka Boemo ba Maikutlo a Bacha ba Inthaneteng ba nang le Inthaneteng ea ho Bapala Litsebo (2015)
101. Liphetoho tse itšetlehileng ka makhetlo-khetlo ka ho lekanngoa ha maemo a fokolang a tlase-tlaase bothateng ba ho bapala ka inthanete (2015)
102. Ho thibela ho kena-kenana le batho ba baholo ba nang le bothata ba ho bapala lipapali tsa Inthanete (2015)
103. Ho fokotsa mokhoa oa ho feto-fetoha ha mokhoa oa boipheliso ka tekanyo ea kotsing ho ts'ebetsong ha boko nakong ea ho etsa liqeto ho bacha ba nang le bothata ba ho bapala lipapali tsa inthanete (2015)
104. Litšebelisano tsa mefuta-futa ea bothata ba papali ea lipapali: Ho tšoana le papali ea papali ea chelete (2015)
105. Khotsofalo ea boko le ho tšoaroa ha kelello lichabeng tse nang le bothata ba ho bapala lipapali tsa Inthanete (2015)
106. Ho hlahloba Tšebeliso ea Boipiletso le Boikutlo ba ho Sebelisa Papali ea Video ea Pathological (2015)
107. Ho itšireletsa ho se nang matla le ho hopola mohopolo ha li arabela mantsoeng a amanang le inthanete har'a bacha ba nang le lithethefatsi tsa inthanete: Ho bapisoa le bothata ba ho ela hloko / bothata ba ho kula (2016)
108. Ho haelloa ke mekhoa e khotsofatsang le khethollo ea ho khetholla kapa ea ho le letona ho ts'oaetso ea ts'oaetso ea internet (2016)
109. Setšoantšo se sebetsang sa mahlaseli a marang-rang a ho lemalla internet ho batho ba baholo (2016)
110. Basebedisi ba Inthaneteng ba sa boneng ho thibela ho thibela ho thibela ho thibela tšoaetso le kotsi ea ho ipeha kotsing: Bopaki ba Stop Signal le Mixed Gambles Tasks (2016)
111. Mathata a fetotsoeng a bohlooho Motlakase le Matla a Botšepehi Kolecheng Liithuti le Mobile Phone Dependence (2016)
112. Ho lakatsa ho hohela Inthaneteng ho lemalla batho Inthaneteng (2016)
113. Liphetoho tse sebetsang ho bakuli ba nang le lithethefatsi tsa inthanete tse hlalositsoeng ke adenosine ba hatelletse ho boloka mali ho phalla ha setšoantšo sa 99mTc-ECD SPET (2016)
114. Sesosa sa ho hemisa sekhahla se etsahalang ho sebelisoa ha lithethefatsi tsa marang-rang ka tsela e mpe le e ntle maikutlo ho sebelisa lipapali tsa filimi (2016)
115. Lintho tse fumanoeng ke li-neurobiological tse amanang le mathata a ho sebelisa Internet (2016)
116. Ho romela melaetsa ka selefouno, ho itšetleha ha iPod, le ho lieha ho fana ka likhaello (2016)
117. Mekhoa ea boipheliso ea ho etsa liqeto tse nang le khethollo ho ba sebelisang Inthanete mathata (2016)
118. Ho se sebetse ha sefahleho sa lifahleho ho bakuli ba nang le bothata ba ho lemalla li-intanete: thuto e ka amanang le ketsahalo (2016)
119. Tšebeliso ea Inthanete: Tšusumetso ea limolek'hule tsa mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea sebōpeho sa liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa OXTR, sepheo sa ho sebelisa Inthanete, le mekhoa e fapaneng ea moetlo (2016)
120. Mohlala oa Selection oa Mehato e 'Meli ea ho Khetholla Liketso tsa EEG tsa Bacha ba Nang le Tšebeliso ea Inthanete (2016)
121. Sebopeho se Nang le Bokooa ba Neuroscience bakeng sa Thuto ea Molecular ea Internet Addiction (2016)
122. Ho tsuba ha bongobo, mekhoa ea ho laola mekhoa ea ho laola le ho ba le mekhoa e metle ea ho lemalla marang-rang (2016)
123. Tšusumetso ea motsoako oa video o bapala mekhoeng e meholo ea boko: lisebelisuoa tsa sefapano le tsa longitudinal (2016)
124. Ts'ebetsong ea striral le dorsal striatum nakong ea ts'ebetso ea reactivity ho bothata ba ho bapala lipapaling tsa Inthanete (2016)
125. Khotsofalo ea boko le ho tšoaroa ha kelello lichabeng tse nang le bothata ba ho bapala lipapali tsa Inthanete (2016)
126. Litšebeletso tsa Frontostriatal, ho phomola boemo ba boemo bo sebetsang le boemo ba ho laola ts'oaetso holellong ea lipapali tsa inthanete (2016)
127. Tlhahlobo ea tlhahisoleseding e sa sebetseng nakong ea mosebetsi o ka amanang le ketsahalo e amang batho ba nang le bothata ba ho bapala ka Inthanete (2016)
128. Pherekano ea Naha ea ho phomola Catecholamine le Mekhoa ea ho Tšoenyeha Bochabeng ba Bashemane ba Korea ba nang le Inthanete ea Lithethefatsi (2016)
129. Inthaneteng-Based Analysis e Senola Mosebetsing oa ho Kopana Ho amana le Internet Addiction Tendency (2016)
130. Ho sebediswa ho sebetsang ka tsela e fetotsoeng ea Insula le Nucleus Accumbens Inthaneteng ea lipapali tsa ho bapala: Naha ea phomolo Thuto ea FMRI (2016)
131. Lintho tse amanang le tlhekefetso lipapaling tsa video li ka etsa hore ho be le puisano e sebetsang liphetohong tsa boko bo hlalositsoeng ke FMRI-ICA ho banna ba bacha (2016)
132. Tlhokomelo e hlokolosi ka li-gamers tsa Inthanete tse feteletseng: Lipatlisiso tsa liteko tse sebelisang lithethefatsi Stroop le sesebelisoa sa pono (2016)
133. Tšebeliso e fokolang ea ts'ebetso ea marang-rang a thehiloeng ho insula ho batho ba baholo ba nang le bothata ba ho bapala ka inthanete (2016)
134. Inthanete e sa sebetseng ea mefuta e sa sebetseng le marang-rang a ho laola batho ba nang le bothata ba ho bapala Inthaneteng: Tlhahlobo e ikemetseng ea likarolo tlas'a mosebetsi oa ho theolela ts'ebetso (2016)
135. Bokooa bo sa sebetseng ka ntle ho nako nakong ea ho etsa liqeto tse kotsi ho bacha ba baholo ba nang le bothata ba ho bapala ka inthanete (2016)
136. Li-Correlates tse hlophisitsoeng tsa mekhoa e metle ho bacha ba nang le lipapali tsa ho bapala lipapaling tsa Inthanete (2016)
137. Tlhahlobo ea tlhahisoleseding e sa sebetseng nakong ea mosebetsi o ka amanang le ketsahalo e amang batho ba nang le bothata ba ho bapala ka Inthanete (2016)
138. Litšoaneleho tse sebetsang tsa boko liithuti tsa k'holejeng tse nang le bothata ba ho bapala ka inthanete (2016)
139. Ketsahalo ea Bokooa ho Lits'oants'o Tse Amanang le Gaming Inthaneteng Mathateng a Lipapali Nakong ea Tlhekefetso ea Stroop Task (2016)
140. Liphetoho tse bakoang ke likarolo tsa boitšoaro le mekhoa ea boipheliso pakeng tsa lipapali tsa elektronike tse feteletseng le tse khonehang K'homphieutheng ea ho sebelisa li-Cue Exposure Therapy ho Internet Gaming Disorder (2016)
141. Lipapali tsa lipapali tsa papali ea lipapali tsa inthanete ho bacha ba nang le bothata ba ho ba le bothata ba ho ba le bothata ba ho kula habonolo: Palo ea proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) (2016)
142. Mesebetsi ea ho phomola ha boemo ba ho phomola le liphetoho ka mor'a ho kenella ka ho lakatsa ho itšireletsa bakeng sa bothata ba ho bapala Inthaneteng (2016)
143. Ho Hlahloba Mekhoa ea Neural Basis ea Avatar Boitsebiso ba Inthanete ea Pathological Inthaneteng le ea ho Inahana ho Bona ka Pathological Social Network Basebedisi (2016)
144. Liphetoho tse sebetsang tsa boko bo sebetsang ho batho ba nang le bothata ba ho bapala Inthaneteng: Bopaki ba ho phomola-mmuso fMRI (2016)
145. Tlhahlobo e bapisoang ea liphello tsa bupropion le escitalopram ho bothata ba ho bapala ho Internet (2016)
146. Tlhompho ea batsamaisi ba nang le bokooa le moputso oa potoloho ka ho bapala lipapali tsa Inthanete ho bapala lihlahisoa tse fokolang: ho hlahloba likarolo tse ikemetseng (2016)
147. Phello ea ho labalabela ho itšunya-tšunya ha mekhoa ea methapo ea neural ea takatso e bakoang ke ho khahloa ke lipapali Inthaneteng (2016)
148. Mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa topolotiki oa marang-rang a tšoeu ho batho ba nang le bothata ba ho bapala lipapali tsa internet (2016)
149. Mesebetsi ea Autonomic e fetotsoeng le Boitšoaro ba Mahlomola Litšoaneleho tsa Bacha ba Inthaneteng ba nang le Inthanete ea ho Bapala Lipapali (2016)
150. Liphello tsa phello ka ho ba le botsitso pakeng tsa maemo a kotsi le boko bo sebetsang ho bacha ba nang le bothata ba ho bapala lipapali tsa inthanete (2016)
151. Liphetoho tsa boleng ba bophelo le ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ho batho ba nang le bothata ba ho bapala Inthaneteng: Ho latela khoeli ea 6 (2016)
152. Ho eketseha ha tlhaloso ea ho sebetsa ha boleng ba bacha ho bacha ba nang le bothata ba lipapali tsa inthanete (2016)
153. Tlhōrano ea lipelo tsa lipapali tsa lipapali tsa lipapali tsa ho bapala lipapaling tsa maikutlo (2016)
154. Ho theoha ha nakoana, ho nka likotsi, le ho ba le kutloisiso ea ho khesoa ho batho ba nang le Inthanete le Video Gaming Disorders (2016)
155. Liphuputso tsa elektrophysiological Inthaneteng e lemalla: Tlhahlobo holima mekhoa e mabeli ea ts'ebetso (2017)
156. Mefuta e fetotsoeng ea ho fetoha, marang-rang a fronto-parietal le marang-rang ho bacha ba nang le lithethefatsi tsa Inthanete (2017)
157. Karolo ea taolo ea thibelo ea maikutlo ho ts'ebetsong lithethefatsi tse khethehileng tsa inthanete - thuto ea fMRI (2017)
158. Neural correlate ea tšebeliso ea Inthanete ho bakuli ba tšoaroang kelellong bakeng sa ho lemalla Inthanete (2017)
159. Liphetoho tsa anatomy tsa bokooa tse amanang le ho lemalla batho ba bang Inthaneteng (2017)
160. Phello ea motlakase oa motlakase o kopantsoeng le ho kenella ka kelello litabeng tsa matšoao a kelello le P50 ea mokhoa o hlakileng oa ho hlekahleka ho bakuli ba nang le bothata ba ho lemalla ho sebelisa inthanete (2017)
161. Nako ke Chelete: Ho Etsa Liqeto tsa Smartphone Basebetsi ba Phahameng ba ho Fumana le ho Lahleheloa ke Khetho ea Khethollo (2017)
162. Tlhaloso ea ho nahanisisa ha lithethefatsi tsa Inthanete le li-neurobiological correlates (2017)
163. Tšebeliso ea li-smartphone ho li-smartphone le bohlooho bo botsoa boholo ba nucleus accumbens (2017)
164. Ho haelloa ke ho lemoha maqheka a sefahleho le ho lemala Inthaneteng: Matšoenyeho a nahannoeng e le mokena-lipakeng (2017)
165. Ho itšoara ha Hedonic ka mokhoa o sa tloaelehang ho liphatlalatso tsa litaba tsa sechaba (2017)
166. Liphetoho tse fapaneng tsa phetoho ka mor'a marang-rang a marang-rang libakeng tse phahameng le tse tlaase tse sebelisang marang-rang (2017)
167. Lintho tse fapaneng le ho phomola-boemo bo bongata ba Electroencephalography Mekhoa ea tlhokomelo ea tlhokomelo / Matšoao a ts'oaetso e nang le likarolo tse ling tse nang le likarolo tse ling tsa 'mele (2017)
168. Moputso o sa tloaelehang le kotlo Boikutlo bo botle bo amanang le Internet Addicts (2017)
169. Bopaki bo tsoang Mokhoeng o Putsang, FRN le P300 Tšusumetso Inthaneteng-Tlhekefetso ho Bacha (2017)
170. Ho lemalla websaeteng bokong: Ho tsosoa ha mahlaseli, liketso tsa boipheliso, le mekhoa ea boitšoaro (2017)
171. Ho tlosa Melao ea Boipheliso ea Puso ea Boipheliso e Amanang le Tšebeliso ea Inthanete (2017)
172. Bonngoe pakeng tsa mekhoa ea boipheliso ka boitlhompho, ho hlahella le ho lemalla inthaneteng: Thuto ea sefapano (2017)
173. Tšusumetso ea Tlholeho ea Inthanete marang-rang a tlhokomelo ea Liithuti tsa College (2017)
174. Phekolo ea motlakase ka mahlaseli a motlakase bakeng sa ho lemalla internet: Bopaki ba ho tloaeleha ha bothata ba ho laola maikutlo ho bacha (2017)
175. Takatso e bakoang ke khethollo ka Inthaneteng-bothata ba puisano e sebelisang mahlo le litlhaloso tse bonts'ang ka mokhoa o hlalosang maikutlo (paradigm) (2017)
176. Ho lieha ho fana ka likhallelo tsa lipapali tsa lipapali tsa lipapali tsa video: Bapisa nako ea nako Nako ea Gamers (2017)
177. Ho imeloa kelellong mocha oa bohlankana le Internet Gaming Disorder (2017)
178. Li-neurophysiological correlates tsa ho arabela ho fetola ho thibela bothata ba ho bapala Inthaneteng le boloetse bo feteletseng ba ho qobella ho etsa lintho: Mehopolo ea ho se ts'oane le ho qobella (2017)
179. Ho bapala ho eketsa takatso ea lipapali tse amanang le lipapali ho batho ba nang le bothata ba ho bapala Inthaneteng (2017)
180. Tšebeliso e sebetsang ea ho sebetsa ka mokhoa o fokolang oa marang-rang oa bothata ba ho bapala ka Inthanete: Tšusumetso ea bongoaneng ADHD (2017)
181. Ho se tšoane ka bomong bokhoni ba ho ithuta ka ho feletseng le ho itšoara ka mokhoa o sa tsitsang tabeng ea ho lemalla Inthanete le ho bapala lipapaling tsa Inthanete tlas'a ho hlahloba tekano (2017)
182. Lintlafatso tse ncha tsa boitsebiso bobong ba inthanete le bothata ba lipapali (2017)
183. Likamano pakeng tsa liphetoho tse ka lebelloang ke matšoao le ketsahalo e liehang habonolo ho bakuli ba nang le bothata ba ho bapala Inthaneteng: EEG boemo ba ho phomola (2017)
184. Tšitiso ea ho arabela le ho bapala lipapali tsa lipapali tsa Inthanete: Tlhahlobo ea Meta (2017)
185. Mekhoa e mengata ea ho itšireletsa ka maiketsetso nakong ea ho etsa liqeto tse kotsi ho batho ba nang le bothata ba ho bapala lipapali tsa Inthanete (2017)
186. Tšebelisano pakeng tsa boits'oaro bo bocha le ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ka hare ho marang-rang a mekhoa ea mefuta e ka arohanya bothata ba ho bapala Inthaneteng ho tloha ho laola bophelo bo botle (2017)
187. Neural connectivity Inthaneteng ea ho bapala ho bapala le bothata ba ho sebelisa joala: Thuto ea ho ikopanya ha EEG-boemo ba ho phomola (2017)
188. Liphetoho tsa moralo sebakeng sa prefrontal cortex li kopanya kamano pakeng tsa bothata ba ho bapala ho Internet le ho tepella maikutlong (2017)
189. Matšoao a metabolomic a tlhahlobo ea boitsebiso ba biomarker bakeng sa bothata ba ho bapala ka marang-rang ho banna ba banyenyane ba Korea (2017)
190. Ho laola kelello le ho lahleheloa ke moputso khatisong ea lipapali tsa Inthanete: Litholoana tse bapisoang le lipapali tsa boithabiso ba lipapali tsa Inthanete (2017)
191. Ho bapisoa ha Electroencephalography (EEG) Tšebelisano pakeng tsa Matšoenyeho a Maholo a Tšoenyehileng (MDD) ntle le Tlhekefetso le MDD Ho Hlōla Inthanete ho Bapala Mathata (2017)
192. Ho iketsetsa liqeto, ho etsa liqeto tse kotsi, le mokhoa oa ho etsa liqeto oa bothata ba ho bapala ka Inthanete (2017)
193. Tlhaloso ea Sefahleho sa Sefahleho se sa Tsejoeng ho Batho ba bang ba nang le Inthaneteng ea ho bapala lipapali (2017).
194. Khalase ea li-hippocampal e fetotsoeng le ho sebelisana ha basebetsi ho banna ba nang le bothata ba ho bapala lipapaling tsa Inthanete ho bapisa le ba nang le bothata ba ho sebelisa joala hampe (2017)
195. Ho kopanya ho feto-fetohileng ha mekhoa ea boipheliso, mokhoa oa bolaoli-bolaoli le marang-rang ka bothata ba ho bapala ka Inthanete (2017)
196. Phapang pakeng tsa ho sebetsana le ts'ebetso ea mokhanni oa li-preforeal cortex pakeng tsa batho ba tsubang le ho itšetleha ka nicotine le batho ba nang le bothata ba ho bapala ka inthanete (2017)
197. Mesebetsi ea bokooa e fetotsoeng e kopantsoeng le Craving le Cue Reactivity ho Batho ba nang le Inthaneteng Mathateng a ho bapala: Bopaki bo tsoang ho Bapisoa le Basebelisi ba Inthanete ba Recreational Game (2017)
198. Tšusumetso ea lipapali tsa video ho polasetiki ea hippocampus (2017)
199. Likarolo tse fapaneng tsa neurophysiological correlates ea ho sebetsana le tlhahiso-leseling ka bothata ba ho bapala lipapaling tsa Inthanete le ho sebelisoa ha joala hampe ho lekantsoe ke menyetla e amanang le liketsahalo (2017)
200. Tekano ea lipapali tsa video ho Batho ba baholo ba hlahella: Bopaki ba Cross-Sectional ea Pathology ho Papali ea Video e lemalla ho bapisoa le ho bapisoa le ho laola bophelo bo botle (2017)
201. Ho fapanyetsana ho fokotsa litšoantšo tsa botšepehi bo hloekileng ba lihlopha tse nyenyane tse nang le tšusumetso ho bacha ba nang le bothata ba ho bapala lipapali tsa inthanete (2017)
202. Tlhaloso ea Sebopeho sa Mokhoa oa Tlhaho Mathateng a Papali ea Video Playing (2017)
203. Tlhahlobo ea sehlopha se ikemetseng e senola phapanyetsano ea tsamaiso e nepahetseng ea tsamaiso ea lipapali Inthaneteng ea lipapali tsa ho bapala (2017)
204. Tšebeliso e nepahetseng ea tlhahiso-leseling e sebetsang ho bakuli ba nang le bothata ba ho bapala Inthaneteng: Thuto ea ERP ea khoeli ea 6 (2017)
205. Bohlooho bo sa tloaelehang bo bobebe le ho ba le tšusumetso ho bacha ba baholo ba nang le bothata ba ho bapala ka Inthanete (2017)
206. Phatlalatso e hlakileng ea Boitsebiso ba Boitsebiso ba Bokooa ba Inthanete lipapali tsa ho bapala (2017)
207. Ho bapisoa ha boko bo kopanetsoeng pakeng tsa Inthanete le bothata ba ho bapala papali ea Inthanete: Thuto ea pele (2017)
208. Ho se tsitsisehe le ho qobelloa ke bothata ba ho bapala lipapaling tsa Inthanete: Ho bapisoa le boloetse bo feteletseng le ho sebelisa joala hampe (2017)
209. Tlhaloso e se nang Bokooa Tlhahlobo ea Moputso oa Tšoantšetso ho Batho ba nang le Inthanete ea Tlhokomelo ea Inthanete (2017)
210. Lintho tse senyehileng tse nang le bohlooho bo botle ba li-grey e le letšoao la bothata ba lipapali tsa ho bapala Inthaneteng: ho fetola bopaki bo tsoang mohlahanong oa sepakapaka le sebopeho sa nako e telele (2017)
211. Ho bapisa liphello tsa Bupropion le Escitalopram ka Inthaneteng ea Game Play Play ho bakuli ba nang le Matšoenyeho a Maholo a Tšoenyehileng (2017)
212. Kutloelo-bohloko e sa Utloeng Boqheketsing Ho Sebelisoa ke Batho ka bomong ba nang le Internet Addiction Disorder: Ketsahalo e amanang le Ketsahalo (2017)
213. Tšebeliso ea K'homphieutha ea Bokooa Boemo bo sa Tšoaneng Litabeng Tse Nang le Tokelo ea Inthanete (2017)
214. Likamano pakeng tsa Inthanete ho lemalla ho ba le bothata bo botle ba 'mele, maemo a Hemoglobin le litekanyetso tsa Leukocyte ho baithuti (2017)
215. Ho Hlahloba ho Sebelisa Sesebelisoa sa Smartphone Ho Amoheloa ka Maikutlo a Maikutlo ho sebelisa Brainwaves le Deep Learning (2017)
216. Liphetoho tse sebetsang le tsa moralo oa neural ka bothata ba ho bapala ka Inthanete: Tlhahlobo e hlophisitsoeng le tlhahlobo ea meta (2017)
217. Na ho Phekola ha Neural ho Mathata a Mathata ho Fetotsoe Bokhobeng Bo Itokiselitseng Liphello Tsa Meriana? Lintho tse fumanoang ke bacha ba nang le lithethefatsi le Internet Gaming Disorder (2017)
218. Ho lemalla Inthanete ho Etsa Hore ho se Tšepe ka Boko (2017)
219. Liphello tse ntle tsa papali ea papali ea video e bapisoang le ho shebella thelevishene ho ba nang le khatello ea khatello ea kelello le ho ja lijo ho banna ba lilemong tse fetang boima ba 'mele le bo feteletseng: Teko e laoloang ka tsela e sa tloaelehang (2018)
220. Mosebetsi o sa sebetsaneng oa Prefrontal o amahanngoa le ts'oaetso ho Batho ba nang le Mathata a ho bapala Inthaneteng nakong ea mosebetsi oa ho fokotsa nako e khutšoanyane (2017)
221. LINTHO TSE BOTSOANG: Tšusumetso ea mecha ea phatlalatso le ea thekenoloji ho khatello ea kelello (cortisol) le ho ruruha (interleukin IL-6) malapeng a potlakileng (2018)
222. Tlhokomeliso ea ho lakatsa ho bapala lilemong tsa bocha tse nang le ts'oaetso ea lipapali tsa ho bapala ho sebelisa li-Multimodal Biosignals (2018)
223. Mohlala oa Boraro oa ho Bapala ha Inthaneteng oa ho Bapala (2017)
224. Ho sotha ho nahanisisa le papali ea chelete ho e-na le ho kena Inthaneteng Mathateng a ho bapala: Thuto ea pele (2018)
225. Ho imeloa ke khatello ea maikutlo le ho lakatsa batho ba nang le bothata ba ho sebelisa Inthanete (2018)
226. Mathata a ho Buisana le Inthanete le sebopeho sa boko ba motho: litlhaloso tsa pele mabapi le taolo ea WeChat (2018)
227. Liphetoho tsa ho phomola-Boemo ba 'Muso bo tsitsitseng le bo matla ka ho fetisisa Boitsebiso ba Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex lihloohong tse nang le Internet Gaming Disorder (2018)
228. Phetoho ea li-Pavlovia-to-instrumental: Paradigm e ncha ea ho hlahloba mekhoa ea mafu mabapi le tšebeliso ea lik'homphieutha (2018)
229. Bohlooho ke taba e fapaneng le ho ba le batho ba baholo ba nang le bothata ba ho bapala lipapali tsa Inthanete: "Surface based based morphometry (2018)" le "orbitofrontal cortex"
230. Mehaho ea Bokoena e Amanang le Inthanete ea Tšebeliso Boitšoaro Bocha ba Inthanete Batšoantšisi ba Inthanete (2018)
231. Ho potoloha Maemo a Maikutlo a MicroRNA a Amanang le Inthanete Mathateng a ho Bapala (2018)
232. Tlhaloso ea Pelo e Fetotsoeng ea Phapang Nakong ea ho bapala Inthaneteng Mathateng a ho Bapala (2018)
233. Mathata a fetotsoeng a Grey Moqolo le ho phomola-Naha ho Kopana ho Batho ka bomong ba na le Mathata a ho bapala ka Inthanete: Thuto ea ho Nahana ka ho Khutlisa ea Magnetic (Morphometry) le ea Phomolo ea Naha e sebetsang ka Voxel (2018)
234. Matšoao a Eketsehileng a Bonngoe a Kopaneng a Kopantsoeng le Matšoao Bohloko Bocha ho Bacha ba Nang le Inthaneteng Mathata a ho Bapala Inthaneteng: Thuto ea Morphometric (Surface Based Based Morphometric Study) (2018)
235. Tšebelisano ea likamano tse amanang le bong le litakatso nakong ea lipapali le ho itokolla kapele nakong ea khefu e hlokahalang: Tlhaloso ea nts'etsopele le nts'etsopele ea bothata ba ho bapala lipapali tsa internet (2018)
236. Bupropion e bontša liphello tse sa tšoaneng ho tsebisoa ho sebelisoa ha bono ho bakuli ba nang le Inthaneteng ea ho becha le ho bapala lipapali tsa lipapali tsa Inthanete (2018)
237. Mokhoa oa ho bapala oa Inthaneteng oa Papali ea Internet o Amana le ho Eketsa ho Sebetsa ho Sebetsa Pakeng tsa Mekhoa e sa Tšoaneng le Mekhoa ea Bohlale ho bakuli ba Tepelletseng ba Nang le Mokhutšoanyane oa Serotonin Transporter Gene (2018)
238. Ho Kopana ha Pakeng Tsa Mathata a Inthanete le ho Tepella Maikutlo: Likamano le Mekhoa ea Neural (2018)
239. Bopaki bo qalang ba ho fetola taba e bohlooho boholo ba lihlooho tse nang le bothata ba ho bapala lipapali tsa inthanete: mekhatlo e nang le histori ea bongoana-ho se lekane / matšoao a lefu la ho kula (2018)
240. Molemo oa ho tseba ka mokhoa o ikemetseng oa boitsebiso ba marang-rang har'a batho ba lemaletseng Inthaneteng: bopaki ba boitšoaro le ERP (2018)
241. Matšoao a Cortical le boima bo sa tloaelehang lefung la lipapali tsa ho bapala Inthaneteng: Bopaki ba ho bapisoa le basebelisi ba lipapali tsa Inthaneteng (2018)
242. Bacha ba nang le lithethefatsi ba lemalang ba tseba haholoanyane ka boithati ba bona ho feta ba bona: Bopaki ba Neural (2018)
243. Li-corrosion tsa Neurobiological Inthaneteng ea ho bapala lipapali: Ho hlahlojoa ha Litokomane tsa Ts'ebetso (2018)
244. Ho ba le mekhoa e metle ha bacha le ho lemalla Inthaneteng: Bopaki bo tsoang ho Attention Network Task (2018).
245. Li-genomics tsa sechaba tsa papali ea inthanete e phetseng hantle le e sa tšoaneng (2018)
246. Liphetoho tsa nako e telele ho Neural Connection ho bakuli ba nang le Inthaneteng ho bapala lipapali: Thuto ea Boipheliso ea EEG ea Naha ea ho phomola.
247. Ketsahalo ea elektrophysiological e amahanngoa le ts'oaetso ea ho lemalla Inthanete ho batho bao e seng litho tsa malapeng (2018)
248. Ho ameha ka Tlhahlobo ea Negative Stimuli ka mathata Bothata ba Basebelisi ba Inthanete: Bopaki ba pele ho tsoa Mosebetsing oa Khatello ea Maikutlo (2018)
249. Mefuta e fokolang ea li-Serum Glutamate Mekhoa ea Batho ba baholo ba nang le Inthanete ea ho bapala lipapali: Thuto ea Pilot (2018)
250. Ketsahalo ea Naha ea Boipheliso ea Lipotoloho tsa Prefrontal-Striatal Inthaneteng ea Lipapali Tsa ho Bapala: Liphetoho Tse Nang le Tlhahlobo ea Boitšoaro le Tlhahlobo ea Tlhahlobo ea Tlhahlobo (2018)
251. Li-Neural Correlates tsa Khopolo ea Boitšoaro e Fosahetseng ho Batho ka bomong ba na le Mathata a ho bapala ka Inthanete: A Functional MRI Study (2018)
252. Ho khetholla li-gamers tsa Inthanete tse sa sebetseng le tse sa sebeliseng maloetse ka ho sebelisa likarolo tse nyenyane tsa methapo ea pelo (2018)
253. Ho se tšoane ka bomong bokhoni ba ho ithuta ka ho feletseng le ho itšoara ka mokhoa o sa tsitsang tabeng ea ho lemalla Inthanete le ho bapala lipapaling tsa Inthanete tlas'a ho hlahloba tekano (2018)
254. Khaotsa ho Ntšusumetsa: Kamano e Amanang le Ts'oaetso ea Facebook e Amana le Boikutlo bo Phethahetseng Boikemisetso bakeng sa Facebook Stimuli (2018)
255. Na "ho qobella ho itokolla" ho bapala ho lebisa litšoantšong tsa bootsoa? Tlhahisoleseding e tsoang ho sekhahla sa April 2018 sa li-server tsa Xnumx (2018)
256. Internet Game Overuse e amahanngoa le Phetoho ea Fronto-Striatal Functional Connectivity Nakong ea Moputso Feedback Processing (2018)
257. Mohlophisi: Mekhoa ea Neural e thehiloeng Inthaneteng Gaming Disorder (2018)
258. Tlhaloso ea Pelo e Fetotsoeng e Feto-fetoha Nakong ea Gameplay ka Inthaneteng Mathata a Lipapali: Tlhaloso ea Boemo Nakong ea Papali (2018)
259. Li-Neural Correlates tsa Boitsebiso bo Phelang ka ho Feletseng ho Linthong Tse Amanang le Internet Inthaneteng: Tlhahlobo ea ERP (2018)
260. Lihlopha tsa Anterior Cingulate Cortex Fomu e fapaneng Ho Tšebelisanoa ka Mokhoa o Atlehang Mehlala ea Banna ba Batona ba Inthaneteng Ho Bapala Lipapali le ho Tepella Maikutlong ea Comorbid (2018)
261. Ho se tšoane ha liphatsa tsa botona le botšehali likarolong tsa lipapali tsa lipapali tsa lipapaling pele le ka morao lipapali: Tlhaloso ea ho senyeha ha maemo a tekano ho bothata ba ho bapala lipapali tsa Inthanete (2018)

Slide 20 e boetse e boletse hore lithuto tsa lithethefatsi tsa lithethefatsi li bontšitse ho fetoha ha matšoao le liphetoho tsa boko bo amanang le lithethefatsi. Lithuto tse joalo tse mashome a mararo li ile tsa fanoa ka karolo e ts'ehetsoeng ea tšehetso ea Slide 11.

SLIDE 21

Qetellong, re na le lihlopha tsa bashanyana ba seng ba sa sebelise litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Inthaneteng. Ee ho joalo. Basebedisi ba maholo ba ithaopela ho e fa ba likete. Banna bana ke "sehlopha sa taolo" se lahlehileng ka teko e kholo ea bootsoa. Ba ntse ba bontša litsebi hore na ho fetola sepakapaka se le seng ho ka etsa eng.

TŠEBELETSO EA SEHLOOHO:

Lihlopha tse 'maloa feela tsa liforomo tseo re li boneng li bua ka mathata a amanang le litlokotsi tse amanang le litšoantšo tse hlephisang boitšoaro ka ho felisa ntho e le' ngoe e fapaneng: bootsoa.

• Reddit - NoFap subreddit - Litho tse 500,000. Tšimoloho ea mokhatlo oa NoFap: Tseba Meme ea Hau - NoFap_
• Reboot Nation - litho tsa 20,000
• NoFap.com - litho tsa 200,000
• Boko ba Hao bo Nchafalitsoe - litho tsa 20,000
• Reddit - PornFree subreddit - litho tsa 100,000
• Reddit - NoFap Teens
• Reddit - NoFap Bakreste
• Reddit - MuslimNoFap
• Reddit - r / TGandSissyRecovery
• HumanManKind - (Webosaete ea Jeremane le Senyesemane)
• Liforamu tsa China "no PMO":
  • Liena hosaete - litho tse fetang 3,600,000
  • http://www.jiese.org/bbs/ - litho tsa 120,000
  • http://bbs.jiexieyin.org/ - litho tse fetang 150,000
• Sebopeho sa French sefora
• Turkish No PMO forum (ha e sa sebetsa)
• Reddit - HentaiFree - bakeng sa ba lemaletseng litšoantšo tsa bootsoa
• MedHelp - Litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso / botona kapa botšehali li baka ED? (Posts 3000)
• MedHelp - 22 le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li bakile ho se sebetse ha erectile? (Posts 450)
• NPSupport - Matsatsi a 100 ha ho na litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (likopi tse 29,000)
• Ho hlaphoheloa ha Sefora forum - E ts'oana le RebootNation
• Cracked.com - The Great Internet Porn-Off, Cont. (Poso ea 6,800 le ho hōla)
• Sehlooho se buang ka Ntho e Khōlō ea Litšoantšo
• Bodybuilding.com - The NO FAP khoele ea ho felisa lisebelisoa tsohle tsa fap (Posts 8,800)
• Bodybuilding.com - NO FAP khoele ea ho felisa lisebelisoa tsohle tsa fap Version 2.0  (e ka bang li-10,000 posts le ho hōla)
• Bodybuilding.com - Official No Fap Thread V4. Etsa hore sena se qale. v3 e fetile.
• Bodybuilding.com - NO FAP khoele ho felisa ALL Likhoele tsa fap tsa Fap V5 (Hona joale li na le FAQ's le tse ling !!)
• Bodybuilding.com - Khoele ea NoFap & NoPorn ea semmuso V5.5
• Bodybuilding.com - NoPorn V6 ** ea semmuso (w / FAQs, liphihlelo tsa Miscer le lipuisano)
• Bodybuilding.com - * Matsatsi a 90 NoFap / NoPorn - Official Thread *
• Bodybuilding.com - Ha ho Porn - Kena bakeng sa phetoho e kholo ka ho fetisisa bophelong ba hau
• Dintho - Ho khaotsa ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali
• Reddit - Botsa moshemane ea ileng a khaotsa ho kopanela liphate likhoeling tsa 2 hona joale
• Ba bangata ba Litlaleho tsa Letsatsi la 90 ho tloha ho Reddit.com NoFap
• Pegym -  Ho tsosolosa bocha: (ho itlosa bolutu bo bobebe)
• Pegym - U se ke ua itšetleha ka litšoantšo tsa bootsoa bakeng sa ho tsoha!
• Pegym - Na litšoantšo li ka lebisa ho ed?
• Postmasculine.com - No-More-Porn-Thread (Melaetsa ea 2200 le ho hōla)
• Ka hare-hare - Ha ho sa na fap bakeng sa ka (Posts 550)
• Boteng bo Phahameng - Ha ho na Porn, Ha ho ho Pholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ka matsatsi a 30 (460 posts)
• Kanye To The forum () Na NoFap ha e le hantle e thusa?
• SethongBuing.com - Na u lemaletse lithethefatsi? (sekhetho le litlhaloso)
• Mohoebi ea phahameng - Ho lemalla lithethefatsi le mohoebi
• NeoGAF - Litlhalo-li Susumelitse ho Sebetsane le ho Kopanela Liphate
• Sechaba sa Testosterone - Litšila Tsa Bokhoba
• Blizzhackers - NoFap Thread
• UltimateGuitar.com - Boiteko bo Boholo ba Litšoantšo
• Metsi a Sehlopha - Ha ho pornography thread
• Pegym - Melemo ea ho tlohela litšoantšo tsa bootsoa?
• Seboka sa Mens Tennis - Ha ho sa na Tlhōlisano e Fokolang
• Dharma Puo - Ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali le ho kopanela liphate (Seboka sa Mabuddha)
• NikeTalk - NFN
• MyAnimeList - Ha ho na tlhōlisano ea Fap, Version 6
• lehloho.com - Motho e mong le e mong ea sebetsanang le "ho se sebetse ha Erectile" ea "Porn" ho Bullshit?
• Kamore ea Baithuti UK - * No Fap 2013 *
• Lebohang - Ha ho Tsoelo-pele ea Fap Challenge
• E46Fanatics - Ha ho Fap e fetotseng bophelo ba ka….
• Li-GTAforamo - Tlhaloso ea No FAP ea ho felisa tsohle Ha ho FS threads
• Flashback (Sweden) - Ke na le bothata ba Porn Impotence (Posts 3700)
• d2jsp (Hungary) - Ba bang ba tla ananela (Posts 480)
• Team Andro (Sejeremane) - Matsatsi a 90 a se na litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali (Posts 2000)
• FOK (Dutch) - The Off Porn-Off  (Likhoele tse ngata - li-post tsa 5,000)
• erektion.de (Sejeremane) - Ho banna bohle bahlankana ba nang le ED
• HumanManKind - (Webosaete ea Jeremane le Senyesemane)
• Seboka sa Burek (Serbia) - Na u lemaletse litšoantšo tsa bootsoa?
• Ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate (Hungary) - http://pornofuggoseg.blog.hu/
• Foramo.Hr (Croatia) - Lenaneo la lihlopha
• Thuso ea 3D (Sejeremane) - Der Thread zum Spermtakel
• RedCafe.net: bolo ea maoto ea Manchester - Letsatsi la 90 le PMO
• jeuxvidoe.com (Sefora) -  Liphello tsa litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso
• boitumeloso - Seboka sa Norway
• Xossip (Moindia) - Hlōla bokhoba ba bootsoa le ho khutlisa bophelo ba hau
• PornoSucht.com (Sebaka sa Jeremane)
• KasKus (Indonesia) -  Emisa ho sheba litšoantšo tse litšila
• HardWare.Fr - Tlhaloso ea FAP Che / Ha ho na pr0n] Etsa ho tsosolosoa ha boko?
• Muscle & Matla - Na ha ho mosebetsi oa Fap ??
• Coli! - Matsatsi a 90: HA HO na Pono ea Bobe kapa ea Fap

Ho na le lipale tse ngotsweng tsa 5,000 moo banna (le basali ba fokolang) ba ileng ba felisa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa 'me ba folisa matšoao a matla, ho akarelletsa le mathata a sa feleng a ho kopanela liphate, mathata a kelello le a maikutlo:

• Ho tsosolosa leqephe la litlaleho tsa likhaolo 1
• Ho tsosolosa leqephe la litlaleho tsa likhaolo 2
• Ho tsosolosa leqephe la litlaleho tsa likhaolo 3
• Litaba tsa ho khutlisa ED 1
• Litaba tsa ho khutlisa ED 2
• Litaba tsa ho khutlisa ED 3
• Litaba tsa ho khutlisa ED 4
• Litaba tsa ho khutlisa ED 5
• Litaba tsa ho khutlisa ED 6
• Litaba tsa ho khutlisa ED 7
• Litaba tsa ho khutlisa ED 8

Litlaleho tse makholo tsa litlaleho tsa bacha ba sebelisang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba ileng ba tlaleha matšoao le maemo a fapa-fapaneng ka mor'a ho felisa litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso:

• Na tšebeliso ea bootsoa e etsa hore ho tšoenyeha ha ka le boiketlo ba ka le maemo a ka mpefala?
• Na litšoantšo tse litšila li ka senya maikutlo a ka?
• Na tšebeliso ea litšoantšo e ka ama mohopolo le ho tsepamisa maikutlo?
• Ke melemo efe eo batho ba e bonang ha ba qala?
• Tlhahlobo e 'Ngoe ea Litlhapi
• Na litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa ka tsa bothanyana li bakoa?
• Ke na le li-asexual?

TŠEBELETSO E NTSENG:

Tsela e molemohali ea ho lekola litlamorao tsa bootsoa ke ho etsa hore basebelisi ba phomole. Ka 2011 lithuto tse joalo li ne li sa lokela ho phatlalatsoa. Kahoo ke ile ka itšetleha ka li-anecdotes. Leha ho le joalo, ho 2016 ke phatlalalitse pampiri ena e hlahlojoang ke lithaka koranteng Addicta: Tlosa Lintho Tse sa Lebelloang Inthaneteng Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Sebelisa ho Senola Tlhahiso ea Bona (2016).  Ka pampiri ke hlalosa likarolo tse seng kae tsa lithuto tse neng li e-na le basebelisi ba litšoantšo tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho tlosa sekhetho se le seng - litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba Internet Ha e le ea 2017, ho na le lithuto tsa 8 feela moo basebelisi ba litšoantšo ba litabeng tsa bootsoa ba lekang ho itlosa litšoantšong tsa bootsoa. Liphuputso tsohle tsa 8 li tlalehile liphello tsa bohlokoa. Lithuto tse hlano ho tse robeli li ne li e-na le basebelisi ba qobelloang ba litšoantšo tse hlephisang boitšoaro ba nang le litlokotsi tse matla tsa ho kopanela liphate ba ikhutsang litšoantšong tsa bootsoa Liphuputso tseo tsa 5 li bonts'a hore bakuli ba phekola likotsi tse sa foleng tsa ho kopanela liphate ka hore ba tlose ho fetoha ha mofuta o le mong (litšoantšo tsa bootsoa):

1. Mekhoa e metle ea ho ipholla litho tsa botona le botšehali (2016)
2. Na Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Tsa Inthanete li baka Mathata a Kopanela Liphate? Tlhahlobo le Litlaleho tsa Bongaka (2016)
3. Masturbatory e sa tloaelehang e itlhahisa e le ntho ea tlhaho ea botsofali tabeng ea ho hlahlojoa le phekolo ea ho se sebetse ka thobalano ho banna bahlankana (2014)
4. Boemo ba boemo bo botle ba kelello: Ho Ithuta ka Tlhahlobo (2014)
5. Ho thata hakaakang ho sebetsana le ho phomola ha nako e khutšoanyane ho latela mohlala oa nakoana oa kelello? Tšoantšiso ea boemo (2017)

Lithuto tse ling tse tharo:

6) Tlhahiso-morao Hamorao Meputso ea Thabo ea Hona Joale: Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Li Sebelisoa ke Nako ea ho Kopanela Liphoso le ho lieha Ho Fumana (2015) - Ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tseo barupeluoa ba li jang, ha ba khone ho lieha ho khotsofatsa. Phuputso ena e ikhethang e boetse e na le basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa libeke tsa 3 Phuputso eo e fumane hore mokhoa o tsoelang pele oa ho sebelisa litšoantšo ke oa ho etsa joalo e amanang le ho hloleha ho hoholo ho liehisa khotsofalo (hlokomela hore bokhoni ba ho liehisa khotsofalo ke mosebetsi oa preortal cortex). Phuputso ea pele (litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tse amanang le litaba tsa bootsoa li sebelisoa le lintlha tsa bona mosebetsing o liehang oa ho ikhotsofatsa. Tlhaloso:

Ha litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tseo ba neng ba li ja li ne li ja haholo, ha ba bona meputso ea nakong e tlang e le ea bohlokoa ho feta meputso e potlakileng, le hoja meputso ea nakong e tlang e ne e le ea bohlokoa haholo.

Thuto ea bobeli (lilemo tse bohareng tsa 19) e ile ea etsoa ho hlahloba haeba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li sebelisoa lisosa ho fokotseha ha nakoana, kapa ho sitoa ho lieha ho khotsofatsa. Bafuputsi ba arohane basebelisi ba kajeno ba bootsoa lihlopha tse peli:

1. Sehlopha se seng se ile sa itšetleha ka tšebeliso ea bootsoa libeke tsa 3,
2. Sehlopha sa bobeli se ile sa itima lijo tsa bona tse ratoang libeke tsa 3.

Barupeluoa bohle ba ile ba bolelloa hore thuto e mabapi le boitšoaro, 'me ba ile ba khethoa ka mokhoa o ikhethileng hore ba se ke ba etsa mesebetsi eo ba e filoeng. Karolo e bohlale e ne e le hore bafuputsi ba ne ba e-na le sehlopha sa bobeli sa basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba sa jang lijo tseo ba li ratang haholo. Sena se netefalitse hore 1) bafo bohle ba etsang mosebetsi oa boits'oaro, le 2) ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ea sehlopha sa bobeli e ne e sa amehe. Qetellong ea libeke tsa 3, barupeluoa ba ile ba nka karolo mosebetsing oa ho lekola litheolelo tsa ho lieha. Tsebiso ea bohlokoa: Le ha "sehlopha sa bootsoa" se shebile haholo Nyane Litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ho feta "batho ba sa rateng lijo" ba bangata ha baa ka ba ithiba hore ba se ke ba shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Liphetho:

Joalokaha ho boletsoe esale pele, barupeluoa ba ileng ba leka ho itšoara ka takatso ea bona ea ho ja litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ba ile ba khetha karolo e phahameng ea meputso e kholoanyane, hamorao ha e bapisoa le barupeluoa ba neng ba ikitlaetsa ho sebelisa lijo tsa bona empa ba tsoela pele ho ja litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.

Sehlopha se khaotsitseng ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka libeke tse 3 se bontšitse litheolelo tse fokolang ho feta sehlopha se neng se sa je lijo tseo ba li ratang. Ka mantsoe a bonolo, ho ila litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng ho eketsa bokhoni ba basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba ho liehisa khotsofalo. Ho tsoa thutong:

Ka lebaka leo, ho haha ​​liphuputsong tsa longitudinal tsa Thuto 1, re bontšitse hore ho ts'oanela ho sebelisa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho amana haholo le tekanyo e phahameng ea ho lieha ho fokotsa. Ho sebelisa boitšoaro boemong ba thobalano ho ne ho e-na le phello e matla ho ho lieha ho fokotsa ho feta ho sebelisa boitšoaro holim'a takatso e 'ngoe e thabisang ea nama (mohlala, ho ja lijo tseo u li ratang haholo).

7) Kamoo ho Ithibela ho Amang Litakatso (2016) [liphetho tsa pele] - Litemana tse hlahang sehloohong sena:

Liphetho tsa Leqhubu la Pele - Lipatlisiso tsa mantlha

1. Bolelele ba barupeluoa ba telele ka ho fetisisa ba etsoang pele ba kenella lipakeng tsa lipatlisiso le likhetho tsa nako. Phuputso ea bobeli e tla arabela potso ea hore na nako e telele ea boithaopo e tla etsa hore barupeluoa ba khone ho fokotsa meputso, kapa haeba barupeluoa ba bangata ba nang le mamello ba ka 'na ba etsa litsela tse telele.
2. Nako e telele ea ho ipholoha e ka 'na ea baka tšenyo e tlase ea kotsi (e ntle). Phuputso ea bobeli e tla fana ka bopaki ba ho qetela.
3. Botho bo amana le bolelele ba lithako. Leqhubu la bobeli le tla senola haeba ho ithiba ho susumetsa botho kapa haeba botho bo ka hlalosetsa phapang ka bolelele ba melapo.

Liphetho tsa Leqhubu la Bobeli - Diphetho tsa mantlha

1. Ho ila litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ho eketsa bokhoni ba ho lieha meputso
2. Ho kopanela nako ea ho ipholosa ho etsa hore batho ba ikemisetse ho nka likotsi
3. Ho ithiba ho etsa hore batho ba se ke ba itšoara hampe
4. Ho ipholosa ho etsa hore batho ba ferekane haholoanyane, ba be hlokolosi haholo, ba be ba se ke ba hlola ba e-ba le metsoako

8) Lerato le sa Feleng: Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro le boitlamo bo nyahamisitsoeng ho molekane oa motho oa lerato (2012) - Thuto e ne e e-na le lihlooho tse lekang ho qoba ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa lifoto tsa libeke tsa 3. Ha ba bapisa lihlopha tsena tse peli, ba ileng ba tsoelapele ho sebelisa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ba ile ba tlaleha boitlamo bo fokolang ho feta ba ileng ba leka ho ikhula. Litlhaloso tse latelang:

Mokhahlelo ona o ile oa sebetsa ka ho fokotsa kapa ho felisa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ka nako ea thuto ea libeke tse tharo, empa ha ea ka ea thibela barupeluoa ba laola ho tsoela pele ho sebelisoa. Khopolo ea rona e ne e tšehetsoa ke hore barupeluoa litšoantšong tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba boletse hore ho fokotseha ha boitlamo ho bapisoa le barupeluoa ha ba itšetlehile ka boemo ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.

Hape, phello ea ts'ebetso ea bootsoa e sebelisoang ka boitlamo e ke ke ea hlalosoa ke phapang pakeng tsa ho itšireletsa ka mekhoa ea boithati ho sebelisa boitlhompho bo eketsehileng, kaha barupeluoa maemong a mabeli ba qoba ho hong ho khahlisang (ke, litšoantšo tsa bootsoa kapa lijo tse ratoang).

Lithuto tse amanang le ho kopanela liphate li sebelisa matšoao a hlalositsoeng Boiteko bo Boholo ba Litšoantšo:

• Lipatlisiso tsa 27 li amahanya ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa / ho kopanela liphate mathata a thobalano le ho tsosoa ha batho ba tlaase ho etsa thobalano. Liphuputso tsa pele tsa 5 lenaneng lena e fana ka tlhahiso ea mokokotlo, kaha barupeluoa ba ile ba tlosa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa 'me ba phekola likotsi tse sa feleng tsa thobalano.
• Liphuputso tse ka bang 60 li amana le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li sebelisa khotsofalo e fokolang le thobalano.
• Liphuputso tsa 33 Tlaleha liphuputso tse lumellanang le ho eketseha ha ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (mamello), tloaelo ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​esita le matšoao a ho tlohela.
• Over Liphuputso tsa 55 li hokahanya tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le bophelo bo futsanehileng ba kelello le maikutlo le litlamorao tse mpe tsa kelello.
• Over Liphuputso tse 25 li hokahanya tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le "maikutlo a sa lekanang" mabapi le basali.
• Lithuto tse ngata lilemong tsa bocha Tlaleho ea tšebeliso ea bootsoa e amana le lintlha tse kang barutehi ba futsanehileng, maikutlo a mangata a ho kopanela liphate, ho ba mabifi, bophelo bo futsanehileng, likamano tse futsanehileng, ho khotsofalla bophelo, ho talima batho e le lintho, ho eketsa kotsi ea thobalano, ho sebelisa likhohlopo tse fokolang, tlhekefetso e kholo ea thobalano, khatello e kholo ea thobalano, khotsofalo e fokolang ea thobalano, ho fokotsa libido, ho ba le maikutlo a mangata a ho lumella maikutlo, bophelo ba kelello bo futsanehileng, le tse ling tse ngata.

SLIDE 22

Ke "tsoho ea bahlankana." Pele ke tsoela pele, mohlomong u batla ho tseba hore na ke hobane'ng ha moshemane ea ratang ho kopanela liphate a e-na le maikutlo a nepahetseng. Mantsoe a mabeli:

TŠEBELETSO EA SEHLOOHO:

Sheba setšoantšo se fetileng.

SLIDE 23

Ho se sebetse ha Erectile. "Litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Inthaneteng li bolaea banna ba batona ka thobalano." Joalokaha Zimbardo a itse, "Bashemane ba bacha ba chesa basali." Phuputso ena ea li-urologists tsa Italy e netefatsa seo re se boneng lilemong tse 'maloa tse fetileng.

TŠEBELETSO EA SEHLOOHO:

Philip Zimbardo "Demise of GuysPuo ea TED, moo a itseng, "Bacha ba ntse ba chesoa ke basali. "

Dr. Carlo Foresta ke moprofesa oa urology, mopresidente oa Mokhatlo oa Italy oa Pathophysiology ea Bokhachane, le Mongoli oa lithuto tse ling tsa thuto ea 300. Lihlooho moo Dr. Foresta a ileng a bolela hore "Litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Inthaneteng li bolaea banna bahlankana. "

• Kopanya ho e 'ngoe ea lihlooho tsa Senyesemane tsa pele
• Kopanya ho e 'ngoe ea lihlooho tsa pele tsa Mataliana tse entseng lipatlisiso
• Kopana le blog ea Setaliana ho patlisiso moo Dr. Carlo Foresta a reng 70% ea banna bahlankana ba batlang phekolo ea meriana bakeng sa ho fokotsa libido le ho se sebetse ha erectile e bile lilemo tse ngata ba sebelisang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa bo boima.

Ho na le lipale tse ngotsweng tsa 5,000 moo banna (le basali ba fokolang) ba ileng ba felisa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le ho folisa likotsi tse sa foleng tsa ho kopanela liphate.

• Ho tsosolosa leqephe la litlaleho tsa likhaolo 1
• Ho tsosolosa leqephe la litlaleho tsa likhaolo 2
• Ho tsosolosa leqephe la litlaleho tsa likhaolo 3
• Litaba tsa ho khutlisa ED 1
• Litaba tsa ho khutlisa ED 2
• Litaba tsa ho khutlisa ED 3
• Litaba tsa ho khutlisa ED 4
• Litaba tsa ho khutlisa ED 5
• Litaba tsa ho khutlisa ED 6
• Litaba tsa ho khutlisa ED 7
• Litaba tsa ho khutlisa ED 8

Liforamu tsa ho hlaphoheloa ha litšoantšo tsa bootsoa - likarolo tse inehetseng ho likotsi tse amanang le thobalano:

• Boko ba Hao boa Tsosolosoa - Erectile Dysfunction / Ejaculation e liehang (Posts 51,000)
• Reboot Nation - Litšoaneleho li Etsa Hore Erectile e se ke ea e-ba teng / Ejaculation e liehang (Posts 14,000)
• NoFap.com - Litšoantšo-Litšusumetso tsa ho Kopanela Liphate (Li-thread tsa 6,000, tse ling tse nang le lihlooho tse makholo)

E pharaletseng New York Magazine sehlooho se mabapi le tšohanyetso e hlahelang: mathata a ho kopanela liphate a bakoang ke ho kopanela liphate:

• Hase Feela Motho E Mong, Ka Davy Rothbart (2011)

TŠEBELETSO E NTSENG:

Dr. Philip Zimbardo: Tšehetsong ea puo ea hae ea TED Dr. Zimbardo o ile a hatisa libuka tse peli (e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e hlalosa litlokotsi tsa ho kopanela liphate tse bakoang ke ho kopanela liphate):

• Monna o sa khelosoa: How theknoloji e senya se boleloang ke ho ba monna (2016)
• Monna, o sitisitsoe: Hobaneng ha bahlankana ba loana le seo re ka se etsang ka hona (2016)

Dr. Carlo Foresta o ile a latela setsi sa hae sa khatiso sa 2011 ka:

• Puo ea 2014 e hlalosang lithuto tse tlang - Thuto e na le liphetho tsa lithuto tsa longitudinal le cross-sectional. Phuputso e 'ngoe e ne e kenyelletsa phuputso ea bacha ba sekolo se phahameng (maqephe 52-53). Phuputso e tlalehile hore ho se sebetse ka thobalano ho imenne habeli lipakeng tsa 2005 le 2013, ka takatso e tlase ea thobalano e ntse e eketseha ka 600%. Peresente ea bacha ba bileng le liphetoho tsa thobalano: 2004/05: 7.2%, 2012/13: 14.5% Peresente ea bacha ba nang le takatso e tlase ea thobalano: 2004/05: 1.7%, 2012/13: 10.3% (ke 600 % keketseho ea lilemo tse 8). Ngaka Foresta o boetse o hlalosa thuto ea hae e tlang, “Tlhekefetso ea litaba tsa thobalano le mefuta e mecha ea mafu a ho kopanela liphate Mohlala oa banna ba 125 ba bacha, lilemo tsa 19-25"(Lebitso la Setaliana -"Sessualità mediatica e nuove form di patologia sessuale Campione 125 giovani maschi"). Liphetho tsa boithuto (maqephe a 77-78), tse sebelisitseng file ea Index ea Machaba ea Erectile Function Questionnaire, o fumane hore basebelisi ba tloaelehileng ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba fumane 50% ka tlaase ho setša sa takatso ea thobalano le 30% e tlaase ea domain erectile e sebetsang.
• Thuto e hlahlojoang ke lithaka: Bacha le bootsoa ba websaeteng: nako e ncha ea ho kopanela liphate (2015) - Phuputso ena ea Mataliana e ile ea sekaseka litlamorao tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng ho batho ba baholo sekolong se phahameng, tse ngolisitsoeng ke Carlo Pele, mopresidente oa Mokhatlo oa Italy oa Pathophysiology ea Bokhachane. Ntho e thahasellisang ka ho fetisisa ke hore 16% ea ba jang litšoantšo tse ts'oanang le bobe ka hanngoe ka beke tlaleha takatso e sa tloaelehang ea thobalano ha e bapisoa le 0% ho bao e seng bareki (le 6% bakeng sa ba jang ka tlaase ho hang ka beke).

Ho tloha ka 2011 ka litsebi tsa ho kopanela liphate tsa 100 (urology professors, urologists, lingaka tsa mafu a kelello, litsebi tsa kelello, litsebi tsa thobalano, MDs) ba amohelang le ho sebetsana le mathata a ho kopanela liphate ba kopanelang liphate ba phatlalalitse lihlooho kapa ba hlaha ka seea-le-moea le thelevisheneng. Tlhokomeliso: Li-urologists li 'nile tsa fana ka bopaki ba litlokotsi tsa thobalano tse bakoang ke ho kopanela liphate likopanong tsa selemo le selemo tsa Mokhatlo oa Amerika oa Urological Association.

1. Video ea puo: Litlhahiso tsa Porn-induced ED (likarolo tsa 1-4) tse hlahisitsoeng Sebokeng sa Mokhatlo oa Urologic oa Amerika, May 6-10, 2016. Setsebi sa mafu a mafu Tarek Pacha.
2. Liphuputso tse ncha: Thuto e bona kamano pakeng tsa bootsoa le ho se sebetse ka thobalano (2017) - Lintlha tse tsoang phuputsong e tlang, e hlahisitsoeng Sebokeng sa Mokhatlo oa Urological Association oa 2017.

Lethathamo la lihlooho, liphatlalatso, lipontšo tsa seea-le-moeeng, le li-podcasts tse amanang le litsebi tsa thobalano tse tiisang hore ho na le likotsi tsa ho kopanela liphate tse bakoang ke ho kopanela liphate:

1. Porn Porn Inthaneteng e ka 'na ea Etsa Hore Motho a se ke a felloa ke matla, urology moprofesa Carlo Foresta (2011)
2. Ho na le ho hongata haholo? ke Robert Taibbi, LCSW (2012)
3. Na Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa li Etsa Hore ED? ke Tyre Latham, Psy.D. Therapy Matters (2012)
4. Urologist Lim Huat Chye: Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li ka baka ho se sebetse ha erectile bakeng sa bahlankana (2012)
5. Motsamaisi oa Setsi sa Bophelo sa Middlebury College, Dr. Mark Peluso, o bona ho phahama ED: o beha molato oa bootsoa (2012)
6. Ho se sebetse ka thobalano: Theko e ntseng e eketseha ea ho sebelisa hampe Porn (2012)
7. "Ho lemalla ho e-na le likokoana-hloko: Ba lokela ho ba boemong bo thabisang haholo, empa bahlankana ba ntseng ba eketseha ba ke ke ba sebetsana ka katleho ntle le lipilisi tseo tse nyenyane tsa buluse" (2012)
8. Bobolu bo boima ba disk e thata ea motho (2012)
9. Dr. Oz Show liaterese tsa Porn-induced ED (2013)
10. Ho se sebetse ha Erectile ho eketseha har'a banna bahlankana, setsebi sa thobalano Brandy Engler, PhD (2013)
11. Porn Porn le ho se sebetse ha Erectile, ke Urologist James Elist, FACS, FICS (2013)
12. Mokhoa oa ho kopanela liphate o senya bophelo ba kajeno ba ho kopanela liphate: Mongoli oa Basali Naomi Wolf o na le tlhaloso e makatsang ea hore na ke hobane'ng ha Brithani e le thobalano e nyenyane (2013)
13. Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro le ho se sebetse ha Erectile, ea Lawrence A. Smiley MD (2013)
14. Setsebi sa methapo ea likokoana-hloko Andrew Kramer se tšohla ED - ho akarelletsa le ED e susumelitsoeng ke litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (2013)
15. Na Porn e Senya Bophelo ba Hao ba ho Kopanela Liphate? Ke Robert Weiss LCSW, CSAT-S (2013)
16. Boholo ba Inthanete Porn: Tlhahiso ea SADD, ea Ian Kerner PhD. (2013)
17. Lisebelisoa tsa ho se sebetse ha erectile e bakoang ke litšoantšo tse hlephisang boitšoaro, ke Sudeepta Varma, MD, Psychiatry (2013)
18. Dr. Rosalyn Dischiavo ka ED (2013) e entsoeng liphate
19. Na ho kopanela liphate ho ile ha nkenya ka ho sa feleng Salon.com (2013)
20. Radio Show: Psychiatry e Monyenyane e Buisana le ED ea hae e susumelitsoeng ke litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (2013)
21. Video ka Ngaka ea Bongaka: Lisosa tsa ED ho bahlankana - li kenyelletsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba inthanete (2013)
22. Chris Kraft, Ph.D. - Johns Hopkins oa setho sa botona le botšehali o buisana le litlokotsi tsa ho kopanela liphate (2013)
23. Ke Hobane'ng ha Ngaka ea ho Kopanela Liphate e Tšoenyeha ka Bacha ba Shebang Litšoantšo Tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Mona le Mane?
24. Na "ea Tloaelehileng" ea Porn e Lebela ho Ameha Boqalong ba Hao? ka setsebi sa thobalano Maryline Décarie, MA (2013)
25. 'Porn' e etsa hore banna ba se ke ba hlola ba e-ba le bethe betheng: Dr Deepak Jumani, setsebi sa thobalano Dhananjay Gambhire (2013)
26. Hloka lijo tsa bootsoa likhoeli tse tharo ho isa ho tse hlano ho fumana hape, Alexandra Katehakis MFT, CSAT-S (2013)
27. Ha e khone ho e fumana: ZDoggMD.com (2013)
28. Ho felloa ke nako ho phekola monna ea lemaletseng bootsoa inthaneteng & ED: Video ea CBS, Dr. Elaine Brady (2013)
29. Sehlopha se supileng se nang le Caroline Cranshaw - Tšenyo e bakiloeng ke ho lemalla lithethefatsi tsa internet (2013)
30. Nete ​​ea sebele ha e lekaneng (Seswedishe), setsebi sa mafu a kelello Goran Sedvallson. setsebi sa likokoana-hloko Stefan Arver, setsebi sa kelello Inger Björklund (2013)
31. Ke hobane'ng ha litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali li ka ba ntho e ntle haholo, Dr. Elizabeth Waterman (2013)
32. Dan Savage e araba lipotso mabapi le ED (12-2013) e entsoeng ka bootsoa.
33. Times ea Irish: 'Ha ke khone ho tsosolosa ntle le haeba nka shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le kharebe ea ka' (2016)
34. Mathata a ho hlasela ho tloha litabeng tsa bootsoa haholo - Seswedishe (2013)
35. Litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa Inthaneteng li senya likamano tsa India (ED-e susumetsoang ke ED), Dr. Narayana Reddy (2013)
36. Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ke tsona feela tse ileng tsa fumana Donald: Seswedishe (2013)
37. Banna ba shebellang litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ba ke ke ba li fumana, ba lemosa setsebi sa thobalano sa Manchester (2014)
38. Ke eng e etsang hore erectile e se sebetse ?, Dr. Lohit K, MD (2014)
39. Na Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa li Senya Bophelo ba Rōna ba ho Kopanela Liphate ka ho sa Feleng Daily Dose. (2014)
40. Ho utloa bohloko ho tloha ED? Lebaka lena le ka 'na la u makatsa, ka Michael S Kaplan, MD (2014)
41. Na ho na le bothata ba ho kopanela liphate bo hlephileng ha ho hlaha Bangalore? (2014)
42. Tlhahlobo ea YBOP ea "The New Naked" ke setsebi sa li-urologist Harry Fisch, MD (2014)
43. Ka morao ho documentary: Dysfunction Porn-Inducted Dysfunction, Global News Canada (2014)
44. 'Sehlahisoa sa X-Rated' - Urologist Abraham Morgentaler (2014)
45. Phoso erectile e bakoang ke batho ba nang le bokooa ho bahlankana ba phetseng hantle, Andrew Doan MD, PhD (2014)
46. Litlokotsi tse bohloko tsa ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa lilemong tsa bocha. Wrishi Raphael, MD (2014)
47. Bobe bo bakang ho se sebetse ha erectile ho bahlankana, ka Global News Canada (2014)
48. BOPHELO BA BOPHELO: Ts'ebetso erectile e bakoang ke litšoantšo. Dr. Abraham Morgentaler, Gabe Deem (2014)
49. Ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho ka baka ho se sebetse ha banna ka thobalano. Li-Urologists David B. Samadi le Muhammed Mirza (2014)
50. Ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng ho ka senya bophelo ba hau ba thobalano, ngaka e re. Harry Fisch, MD (2014)
51. Lipapatso tsa Inthanete li baka IRL Erectile Mathata? ke Andrew Smiler PhD (2014)
52. Na U Ipholla litho Tsa Botona kapa Botšehali? Setsebi sa mafu a mafu a bitsoang Tobias Köhler, Setsebi se bitsoang Dan Drake (2014)
53. Ho ts'oaroa ha thobalano ka ho toba ho ka lebisa ho Bophelo ba Sebele ho se sebetse ka thobalano, ka Jed Diamond PhD (2014)
54. Porn Porn haholo e tlatsetsang ho ED: Urologist Fawad Zafar (2014)
55. Na ho Erectile ho Etsahala ha hoa Etsahala Kapa ke Tšōmo? ka Kurt Smith, LMFT, LPCC, AFC (2015)
56. Ha litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li fetoha mathata (Irish Times). Lingaka tsa thobalano Trish Murphy, Teresa Bergin, Tony Duffy (2015)
57. Ho lemalla ho lemalla ho lemalla ho lemalla boitšoaro bo hlephileng, ho hlahisa litšokelo tse hlephisang boitšoaro le ho se sebetse ha Erectile ka Billi Caine, B.Sc Psych, RN (2015)
58. Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa inthaneteng le ho qobella ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ho baka ho hloka matla ho bacha, Emilio Loiacono MD (2015)
59. Ntoa ea baeletsi 'lefu la litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro', litsebi tsa kelello Seema Hingorrany & Yolande Pereira, ngaka ea bana, Samir Dalwai (2015)
60. Tinder le Dawn ea "Dating Apocalypse", Vanity Fair (2015)
61. Puo ea TEDX mabapi le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse hlohlellelitseng ED le ho khutlisa thobalano: "Mokhoa oa ho ba Molimo oa thobalano" ka Gregor Schmidinger (2015)
62. Torn on porn: Ho sheba bokhoba le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Dr. Charlotte Loppie, Moprofesa oa Univesithi ea Victoria Sekolong sa Bophelo ba Sechaba (2016)
63. Mooki o batla baahi ho bua ka ho se sebetse ha eretile. Lesley Mills, mooki ea nang le boeletsi ka ho se sebetse ka thobalano (2016)
64. Mokhoa oa ho kopanela liphate oa Inthanete o theha moloko oa banna ba lahleheloang ke bophelo ba sebele ba ho kopanela liphate. Dr. Andrew Smiler, Dr. Angela Gregory (2016)
65. BBC: Ho kena habonolo habonolo litabeng tsa bootsoa ho kotsi 'meleng ea banna, "setsebi sa NHS se re. Ngaka ea Psychosexual Angela Gregory (2016)
66. Seo U ka se Etsang ha U Ratana le Mohlankana ea Nang le Mathata Ka tlas'a Belt. Setsebi sa thobalano Emily Morse, Ph.D. (2016)
67. Viagra eo eseng ea ngaka e kentse likamore tsa ho robala tsa bahlankana ba batšo ba kajeno. Moprofesa oa Urology David B. Samadi & Muhammed Mirza, mothehi oa MD ea ErectileDoctor.com (2016)
68. Liphello Tse Senyang Tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa. Dr. Ursula Ofman (2016)
69. "Ho lemalla ho lemalla liphate ho ka senya bophelo ba hau ba thobalano ' Setsebi sa mesebetsi ea thobalano Anand Patel MD, setsebi sa thobalano Janet Eccles, Neuroscientist Dr. Nicola Ray (2016)
70. Podcast: Ho se sebetse ha erectile e bakoang ke bootsoa (PIED). Ke ngaka ea meno e tsebahalang lefatšeng Dudley Danoff le Dr. Diana Wiley (2016)
71. Lebaka la REAL hobane banna ba bacha ba utloa bohloko ka ho se sebetse ha eretile, ka Anand Patel, MD (2016)
72. Tloha! Ke hobane'ng ha litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li ka senya bophelo ba hau ba thobalano Ka moprofesa oa urology Dr. David Samadi (2016)
73. Urology Times e botsa: "Ke eng e khanna banna ba bacha ho batla phekolo bakeng sa ED?" Jason Hedges, MD, PhD (2016)
74. Ke hobane'ng ha Banna ba tlohela Internet Porn (ED e susumelitsoeng ke litšoantšo tsa bootsoa), Andrew Doan, MD, PhD (2016)
75. Kamoo ho ata ha litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho senyang lerato la batho. Ka Angela Gregory Moeta-pele oa Therapy Psychosexing, Clinic Chandos, Nottingham U. Mongoli British Society of Medicine Medicine (2016)
76. Linyeoe tse ngata tse amanang le ho se sebetse ha erectile li amana le ho lemalla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le tšebeliso. Zoe Hargreaves, NHS Therapist Therapist (2016)
77. Tšusumetso e litšila ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba inthanete. ke Rose Laing MD (2016)
78. Ho boloka bophelo ba thobalano ka ho se sebetse ha erectile, Dalal Akoury MD (2016)
79. Viagra eo eseng ea ngaka e kentse likamore tsa ho robala tsa bahlankana ba batšo ba kajeno. Moprofesa oa Urology David B. Samadi & Muhammed Mirza, mothehi oa MD ea ErectileDoctor.com (2016)
80. Litšoantšo tse ngata tse hlephisang boitšoaro li ka lebisa ho ED, banna ba Malaysia ba lemositsoe. Ngaka ea litsebi tsa bongaka ea meriana Dr. Mohd Ismail Mohd Tambi (2016)
81. Masoho a bats'o le a masoeu a lifilimi tse putsoa: Joang ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate ho senya kamano ka Sandip Deshpande, MD (2016)
82. Baokameli ba sekolo se ikemetseng ba fumana thuto ho litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Mosuoe oa thobalano Liz Walker (2016)
83. Matšoao a tšeletseng ao molekane oa hau a nang le ona a lemalla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le seo o ka se etsang. E ngotsoe ke Diana Baldwin LCSW (2016)
84. Na Litšoantšo li na le Molemo ho Rōna? ke Philip Zimbardo PhD. (2016)
85. Kamoo Porn e Amanang le ho Hleka Liketso Tsa Botona le Botšehali Tsa Banna ba Rōna ba Bacha. ke Dr. Barbara Winter (2016)
86. Hona joale bosiung bo fetileng, TV e ncha e tšosang e bonts'a bacha ba khothalletsoa ho bua ka mathata a bona a thobalano le bomalimabe. Dr. Vena Ramphal (2016)
87. Mokhoa oa ho rarolla mathata a tloaelehileng a ho kopanela liphate, hobane a ka ba a kelello, a 'mele, kapa a mabeli. Eyal Matsliah moqapi oa "Orgasm Unleashed" (2016)
88. Bakuli ba Afrika Boroa le barupeli ba thobalano ba re mehato e hlokahalang ho emisa bacha ba kajeno ba nang le liphello tse mpe tsa bophelo bo botle hamorao bophelong - ka lebaka la ho lemalla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (2016)
89. Tšebeliso ea Bokhoba ba Cybersex: Thuto ea Tlhahlobo. Dorothy Hayden, LCSW (2016)
90. Joang Hore Likamano Tsa Bootsoa li Tšoane, Barbara Winter, Ph.D. (2016)
91. Bootsoa bo ka Thusa Kamano, Empa Tsoela Pele ka Temoso. Amanda Pasciucco LMFT, CST; Wendy Haggerty LMFT, CST (2016)
92. Kamoo Porn Inthaneteng e Etsang Hore Bacha Banna ba se ke ba ba le Bokooa. Ngaka ea ho kopanela liphate le motsoalle oa Matse Australia, Alinda Small (2016)
93. Setšoantšo sa video - Mothehi oa li-Guyology Melisa Holmes MD o bua ka kamoo bashanyana ba hlahisang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa-ba bakang erectile ho se sebetse le ba bangata ba hlokang Viagra (2017)
94. Video: setsebi sa Hormone Dr. Kathryn Retzler o buisana ka ho se sebetse ha erectile e bakoang ke ho kopanela liphate (2017)
95. Video: Erectile e Etsoang ke Batho ba Litšoaneleho Tsa Bootsoa ke Brad Salzman, LCSW, CSAT (2017)
96. Bana ba Ireland ba le bacha ba supileng ba pepesehela litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Dr Fergal Rooney (2017)
97. Mona ke kamoo bootsoa bo amang likamano tsa Maaerishe kateng. Ngaka ea thobalano Teresa Bergin (2017)
98. Na Theknoloji e Senya Boko ba Rōna? (Comedy Central show). Alexandra Katehakis, MFT, CSAT-S, CST-S (2017)
99. Mokhoa oa ho ruta bacha ba rona ka ho lemalla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le likotsi. Lingaka tsa kelello tsa bong bo fapaneng Nuala Deering & Dr. June Clyne (2017)
100. Video - Can Porn Etsa Hore Erectile e se ke ea Sebetsa le ho Hloka Matla? ke Paul Kattupalli MD (2016)
101. 'Porn ke bothata bo botle ba sechaba': litsebi li letsetsa lipatlisiso tsa 'muso mabapi le bophelo bo botle ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ngaka ea thobalano Mary Hodson (2017)
102. Ntho e 'Ngoe le e' ngoe eo Ue Hlokang ho e Tseba ka Litšoantšo-Litlhaku Tse Erectile Tse Etsoang. Dr. Ralph Esposito; Elsa Orlandini Psy.D. (2017)
103. U se ke ua lumella ho se sebetse ha erectile ho theolela fatše. Setsebi sa kelello Nuala Deering (2017)
104. Kamoo ho shebella litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ho ka bakang ho se sebetse ha erectile. Dr Lubda Nadvi (2017)
105. Hona ke kamoo litsebi li sebetsanang kateng le banna ba nang le "ho se sebetse ha Erectile ea ho Etsa Litšoantšo". Setsebi sa thobalano Alinda Small, setsebi sa thobalano ea thobalano Tanya Koens, setsebi sa kelello Dan Auerbach (2017)
106. Puo ea TEDx "Thobalano, Lit soant so tsa thobalano le bonna" (Moprofesa Warren Binford, 2017)
107. Porn Inthaneteng: Ho hōla ka potlako ho tsuba ho US Ho kopanela liphate ka bothata ba ho kopanela liphate, Chris Simon (2017)
108. Na ho Talima Litšoantšo Tse Ngata Haholo ho ka U ama Bophelo ba Hao ba ho Kopanela Liphate? Jenner Bishop, LMFT; Psychotherapeut Shirani M. Pathak (2017)
109. Bacha ba tlaleha mathata a 'phehellang le a sithabetsang' ka bophelo ba thobalano: ho ithuta (2017)
110. 'Tidal wave' ea ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa ha litsebi li lemosa khato e le ho pholosa 'moloko o lahlehileng' o latelang. Ngaka ea mafu a kelello Pauline Brown (2017)
111. Banna ba bacha ba shebellang litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro erectile, thuto e re (Ngaka ea thobalano Dr. Morgan Francis 2017)
112. Lipilisi tsa ho se sebetse tsa Erectile hona joale ke lithethefatsi tse phahameng tsa mokha bakeng sa lilemo tse sekete tsa Brithani. Ngaka ea mafu a thobalano Raymond Francis, (2017)
113. Haeba u na le mathata a "ho e phahamisa" ha u mong 'me thuso e mengata e teng moo. Dr. Joseph Alukal (2018)
114. Lekala la Bophelo le batla lipatlisiso tse eketsehileng ka tšusumetso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Ngaka ea thobalano Jo Robertson (2018)
115. Re hloka ho ba le botho ba seo litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li se etsang ho bana ba NZ. Dr. Mark Thorpe (2018)
116. Mathata a katleho ka kamoreng ha a na bothata ba monna-moholo feela. Ngaka ea thobalano Aoife Drury (2018)
117. Litšoantšo ke 'Boemo ba Boemo ba Boahi ba Maemo' - Evgeny Kulgavchuk, setsebi sa thobalano ea Russia, setsebi sa mafu a kelello le setsebi (2018)
118. Ho se sebetse ha Erectile: kamoo litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​ho palama likoloi, joala le ho kula li tlatsetsang ho eona, le litsela tse tšeletseng tsa ho boloka ts'ebetso e phahameng. Moprofesa oa Urology, Amin Herati (2018)
119. Sesebelisoa se thata: ho etsa hore erection ea hao e be matla. Ka Nick Knight, MD (2018)
120. Mokhoa oa 9 oa ho Sebetsana le ho Sebetsane le Erectile e sa Ameng. Dr. Morgentaler, Moprofesa oa K'homphieutha oa Urology Harvard (2018)

Tlhaloso e latelang ea Park et al., 2016 e fana ka ts'ehetso e matla bakeng sa boteng ba litlokotsi tsa thobalano tse bakoang ke ho kopanela liphate. Karolo ena e boetse e bua le lipampiri tse peli tsa 2015 (leha e le hore e ne e le lithuto tsa sebele) tse ipolelang hore li fumane kopano e nyenyane pakeng tsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa thobalano le litlokotsi tsa thobalano.

1.2. Na Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Inthaneteng li Sebelisa Mathata a Kajeno a Thobalano?

Bafuputsi ba Kinsey Institute ba ne ba le har'a ba pele ba tlaleha litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro-tse entsoeng ka erectile-dysfunction (PIED) le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa-li bakile libido tse sa tloaelehang, ka 2007 [27]. Karolo ea lihlooho tse fumanoang libakeng tsa bolulo le libaka tsa ho hlapela, moo litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li neng li le "hohle", li ne li sa khone ho finyella litlhahiso ho laborateng ho arabela litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ha bafuputsi ba bua ka litaba tsena, bafuputsi ba fumane hore ho shebella lipapali tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro haholo ho bonahala ho entse hore ho be le boikarabelo bo fokolang le tlhokahalo e eketsehileng ea boitsebiso bo feteletseng, bo khethehileng kapa "kinky" ho tsoha. Bafuputsi ba hlile ba hlophisa thuto ea bona ho kenya likarolo tse fapaneng tse fapaneng 'me ba lumella ba bang ho ikhethela. Karolo ea kotara ea litho tsa 'mele tsa barupeluoa li ntse li sa arabe ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng [27].

Ho tloha ka nako eo, bopaki bo bontšitse hore litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Inthanete e ka 'na ea e-ba sesosa sa ho eketseha ka potlako likaleng tsa ho se sebetse ka thobalano. Hoo e batlang e le batho ba tšeletseng ba 10 baeti ba 3962 ba batlang thuso ho "MedHelp.org ED Forum" e hlaheletseng, ba ileng ba bua ka lilemo tsa bona, ba ne ba le monyenyane ho feta 25. Phuputsong eo ea lilemo tse robeli tsa litlaleho le litlhaloso, har'a mantsoe a atisang ho amahanngoa le karolo ea kelello ea ED (e seng ea manyolo a ED), "litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" li ne li hlaha hangata ka ho fetisisa [28]. Phuputso ea 2015 ea batho ba hōlileng sekolong se phahameng e fumane hore litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa Inthanete li sebelisa hangata tse amanang le takatso e tlaase ea ho kopanela liphate [29]. Ho ba neng ba ja litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Inthaneteng hanngoe ka beke, 16% e ile ea tlaleha takatso ea thobalano e tlaase, ha e bapisoa le 0% ho bao e seng bareki (le 6% bakeng sa ba neng ba ja tlase ho hang ka beke). Tlhahlobo e 'ngoe ea 2015 ea banna (ba lilemo li ikhethang 41.5) ba batlang phekolo ea bong bo tšoanang le ba bosodoma, ba ikutloang litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ("ka tloaelo ba nang le litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro hangata") lihora tse supileng kapa ho feta ka beke, ba fumane hore 71% e na le mathata a ho kopanela liphate, le 33% e tlaleha bothata ba ho kopanela liphate [30]. Ho tšoenyeha ka ho kopanela liphate ho ka etsa hore u itšetlehe haholo ka litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e le thobalano ea thobalano. Phuputsong ea XMUMX e sebetsang ka litšoantšo tse ts'oanang le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (XMUMX), ba 2014 ba sebelisang litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Inthanete tsa 11 (karolelano ea lilemo tsa 19), bao boko ba bona bo neng bo hlahlojoa bakeng sa bopaki ba ho lemala, bo tlalehile hore ka lebaka la tšebeliso e feteletseng ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba Internet " ho fokotsa libido kapa mosebetsi oa erectile ka ho khetheha litabeng tsa kamano le basali (le hoja li sa tsamaisane le lintho tse hlalosang thobalano) "[31]. Lingaka li boetse li hlalosa litšila tse amanang le thobalano tse amanang le litšoantšo tsa thobalano, ho akarelletsa le PIED. Ka mohlala, bukeng ea hae e bitsoang New Naked, moprofesa Harry Fisch o ile a tlaleha hore litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Inthanete li sebelisa ho fokotsa liketso tsa ho kopanela liphate ho bakuli ba hae [32], 'me moprofesa oa psychiatry Norman Doidge o tlalehile bukeng ea hae ea Brain That Changes Himself hore ho tlosoa ha litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ea Inthanete ho na le matla a ho fetoha le ho ba le mathata a ho kopanela liphate ho bakuli ba hae [33]. Ka 2014, Bronner le Ben-Zion ba tlaleha hore motho ea sebelisang boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Inthaneteng, eo litakatso tsa hae tsa bootsoa li neng li se li le boemong bo feteletseng ba bootsoa, ​​o ile a batla thuso bakeng sa takatso ea thobalano nakong ea thobalano. Likhoeli tse robeli ka mor'a ho khaotsa ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, mokuli o tlaleha hore o atlehile ho ba le maikutlo a ts'oanang, 'me a atleha ho thabela likamano tse ntle tsa thobalano [34]. Ho fihlela joale, ha ho bafuputsi ba bang ba kileng ba botsa banna ba nang le mathata a ho kopanela liphate ho tlosa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Inthanete tse sebelisetsoang ho etsa lipatlisiso hore na li kenya letsoho litabeng tsa bona tsa thobalano.

Le hoja lithuto tse joalo tsa ho kenella li tla ba tse khanyang ka ho fetisisa, tlhahlobo ea rona ea lingoliloeng e fumana lithuto tse 'maloa tse amanang le litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso tse sebelisoang ka ho tsosoa, ho khahloa le mathata a ho kopanela liphate [27,31,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43], ho akarelletsa le bothata ba li-orgasming, ho fokotseha libido kapa mosebetsi oa erectile [27,30,31,35,43,44], liphello tse mpe ho thobalano e kopanetsoeng [37], fokotseha thabo ea ho kopanela liphate [37,41,45], ho khotsofatsoa ke thobalano le kamano ea hau [38,39,40,43,44,45,46,47], khetho ea ho sebelisa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro Inthaneteng ho finyella le ho lula u tsosoa takatso ea ho kopanela liphate le molekane [42], le ho matlafatsa bokhoni ba bokooa ho arabela litšoantšong tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho ba tlaleha takatso e nyenyane ea thobalano le balekane [48]. Hape, litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Inthanete li sebelisa khafetsa haholo le takatso e tlaase ea ho kopanela liphate sekolong se phahameng sa batho ba phahameng sekolong29]. Lithuto tse peli tsa 2016 li tšoanela ho hlahlojoa ka ho hlaka mona. Phuputso ea pele e boletse hore ke thuto ea pele ea sechaba ho banyalani ho hlahloba liphello tsa litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso tse sebelisoang ka li-data-longitudinal data. E ile ea tlaleha hore ho sebelisa litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ho Wave 1 (2006) ho ne ho amana ka matla le hampe le litho tsa litho tsa lenyalo le khotsofalo le bophelo ba bona ba thobalano ho Wave 2 (2012). Lenyalo le amehileng ka ho fetisisa ke la banna ba neng ba sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa maemong a phahameng ka ho fetisisa (hang ka letsatsi kapa ho feta). Ho hlahloba mefuta e mengata ea litšoantšo tse ts'oanang, litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li sebelisoa ho 2006 e ne e le mokhoa oa bobeli o matla ka ho fetisisa oa boleng ba lenyalo bo sa lokelang ka 2012 [47]. Thuto ea bobeli e boletse hore ke eona feela thuto ea ho batlisisa ka ho toba likamano pakeng tsa ts'oaetso ea thobalano ho banna le ho ameha ka mathata ho li-OSA (liketso tsa thobalano). Phuputso ena ea banna ba 434 e tlaleha hore khotsofalo e tlase ea thobalano le mosebetsi o tlaase oa erectile li amana le litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso tsa Inthanete li sebelisa [44]. Ho feta moo, 20.3% ea banna bao ba re sepheo se seng sa litšoantšo tsa bona tsa bootsoa ke "ho boloka ho tsosoa le molekane oa ka" [44]. Ha ho fumanoa hore ho ka 'na ha bontša hore litšoantšo tsa bootsoa lia sebelisoa, 49% e hlalositse ka nako e' ngoe "ho batla litaba tsa thobalano kapa ho ameha ho li-OSA tseo pele li neng li sa li thahasellise kapa hore li nka ho nyonyeha" [44] (p.260). Qetellong, karolo ea bohlokoa ea litho tsa sehlopha (27.6%) e ile ea itlhahloba ka ho sebelisoa ha bona ka li-OSA e le mathata. Le hoja tekanyo ena ea ho sheba litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso e ka 'na ea bonahala e phahame, tlhahlobo e' ngoe ea 2016 ho banna ba 1298 ba neng ba shebile litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro lilemong tse tšeletseng tse qetellang e tlalehile hore 28% ea barupeluoa ba ile ba fumana kapa ho feta taolo ea ho hlekahleka ka bongata [49].

Tlhaloso ea rona e boetse e kenyelletsa lipampiri tse peli tsa 2015 tse bolelang hore litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Inthanete ha li amane le ho phahamisa mathata a thobalano ho banna ba bacha. Leha ho le joalo, litlaleho tse joalo li bonahala eka li sa tsoa qeta ho hlahloba lipampiri tsena ka hloko le ho nyatsuoa ka mokhoa o tšoanang. Pampiri ea pele e na le lintlha tse molemo mabapi le karolo ea bohlokoa ea boemo ba ho kopanela liphate ED ea bocha [50]. Leha ho le joalo, khatiso ena e tlile tlas'a ho nyatsoa ka ho se lumellane ho fapaneng, ho fokotsa lintho le mefokolo ea litsela. Ka mohlala, ha e fane ka liphetho tsa litekanyetso bakeng sa mokhoa oa erectile oa sephetho sa boemo bo amanang le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa Inthanete tse sebelisoang. Ho feta moo, ha ngaka e etsang lipatlisiso e hlalositsoe ka mokhoa o hlophisitsoeng oa pampiri, bangoli ba lipampiri, "ha baa fana ka tlhahiso-leseling e lekaneng mabapi le baahi ba ithutoang kapa lipalo-palo li hlahlobisisa ho lumellana le qeto ea bona" ​​[51]. Ho phaella moo, bafuputsi ba ile ba phenyekolla feela lihora tse ngata tsa bootsoa ba Inthanete ba sebelisa khoeli e fetileng. Leha ho le joalo, lipatlisiso tsa ho lemalla litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Inthanete li fumane hore mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Inthanete e sebelisa ka boeona ha e amane haholo le "mathata a bophelo ba letsatsi le leng le le leng", tse ngata ho SAST-R (Sexual Addiction Screening Test), le lintlha tse hlahang IATsex (seletsa e lekanyang ho lemalla liketso tsa ho kopanela liphate ka inthaneteng) [52,53,54,55,56]. Moeletsi ea molemo ke boithabiso bo tsosang takatso ea ho kopanela liphate ho tsosoa takatso ha a ntse a shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Internet (cue reactivity), correlate e tsitsitseng ea boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba lithethefatsi tsohle [52,53,54]. Ho boetse ho na le bopaki bo ntseng bo eketseha ba hore nako e sebelisetsoang ho bapala lipapaling tsa Inthaneteng ha e bolele esale pele boitšoaro bo hlephileng. "Lithethefatsi li ka hlahlojoa feela haeba sepheo, liphello le likarolo tsa maemo a boitšoaro li boetse ke karolo ea tekanyetso" [57]. Lihlopha tse ling tse tharo tsa lipatlisiso, tse sebelisang mekhoa e fapa-fapaneng ea "bosodoma" (ntle le lihora tse ngata tsa tšebeliso), li e sebelisitse haholo le mathata a thobalano [15,30,31]. Ho hlophisitsoe, phuputso ena e bontša hore ho e-na le "lihora tse ngata tsa tšebeliso", mefuta e mengata e bohlokoa haholo tabeng ea ho lemalla ho lemalla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa / bosodoma, 'me mohlomong le eona e bohlokoa haholo ha ho hlahlojoa litlokotsi tsa thobalano tse amanang le thobalano.

Koranta ea bobeli e ile ea tlaleha phapang e nyenyane pakeng tsa palo ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa Inthanete selemong se fetileng le litekanyetso tsa ED ka banna ba kopanelang liphate ba Norway, Portugal le Croatia [6]. Bangoli bana, ho fapana le tse ling tsa pampiri e fetileng, ba lemoha ho ata ha ED ho banna ba 40 le ka tlase, 'me ka sebele ba fumane li-ED le tlase tsa takatso ea thobalano ho feta 31% le 37%, ka ho latellana. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, lipatlisiso pele ho phallo ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa Inthanete tse entsoeng ka 2004 ke e mong oa bangoli ba pampiri ba tlaleha likhakanyo tsa ED feela tsa 5.8% ho banna 35-39 [58]. Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la papiso ea lipalo, bangoli ba etsa qeto ea hore litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Inthanete ha li bonahale li le kotsi haholo bakeng sa ED ea bocha. Ho bonahala eka banna ba Mapotoketsi bao ba ileng ba etsa lipatlisiso ba tlaleha litefiso tse tlaase ka ho fetisisa tsa ho kopanela liphate ho fapana le batho ba Norway le ba Croatia, 'me 40% feela ea Sepotoketsi e tlalehile ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa "Inthaneteng ka makhetlo a' maloa ka beke ho isa ho letsatsi", ha e bapisoa le MaNorway , 57%, le Croatians, 59%. Koranta ena e 'nile ea nyatsuoa ka molao ka ho se sebelise mehlala e pharaletseng e khonang ho kenyelletsa likamano tse tobileng le tse sa tsejoeng pakeng tsa mefuta e tsejoang kapa ea hypothesized hore e sebetse [59]. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, ka pampiri e amanang le bothata bo tebileng ba ho kopanela liphate bo etsoang ke barupeluoa ba bangata ba lipatlisiso ba tsoang Portugal, Croatia le Norway, banna bao ba botsoa hore na ke lintlha life tse ngata tseo ba lumelang hore li tlatsetsa bothateng ba bona ba ho se tsotelle. Har'a mabaka a mang, hoo e batlang e le 11% -22% e khethile "Ke sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa haholo" 'me 16% -26% e khethile "Ke ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali"60].

Hape, lithuto tsa ho kenella li tla ba tse rutang ka ho fetisisa. Leha ho le joalo, mabapi le lithuto tsa correlation, ho ka 'na ha e-ba le setšoantšo se rarahaneng sa mefuta-futa se lokelang ho phenyekolloa e le ho hlokomelisa lisosa tsa likotsi tse sebetsang ka mathata a sa lebelloang a bocha a ho kopanela liphate. Taba ea pele, e ka 'na ea e-ba takatso e tebileng ea ho kopanela liphate, bothata ba ho kopanela liphate le molekane le mathata a erectile ke karolo e tšoanang ea liphello tse amanang le litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Inthanete, le hore mathata ana kaofela a lokela ho kopanngoa ha ho batlisisoa ka likamano tse khanyang le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa Inthanete.

Ea bobeli, le hoja ho sa tsejoe hantle hore na ke lintlha life tse ka 'nang tsa e-ba molemo ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa mathata a joalo, mekhoa e tšepisang ea ho batlisisa hammoho le palo ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa Inthanete e ka' na ea akarelletsa (1) lilemo tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa-tse thusitsoeng khahlanong le litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso; (2) karolelano ea likarolo tse nang le molekane le li-ejaculations le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa Inthanete; (3) boteng ba ho lemalla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa Inthanete / bosodoma; (4) palo ea lilemo tsa ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa Inthanete li sebelisa; (5) ka nako efe ka nako e tloaelehileng tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa Inthanete e qalile le hore na e qale pele ho kena bongoaneng; (6) mekhoa ea ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Inthaneteng e ntse e eketseha; (7) ho ea ho mefuta e feteletseng ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Inthaneteng, joalo-joalo.

Park et al., 2016 e tsoelapele ka tšehetso ea bongaka bakeng sa boteng ba litlokotsi tsa thobalano tse bakoang ke ho kopanela liphate

2. Litlaleho tsa Bongaka

Ha ho ntse ho le bonolo ho khanna lithuto tsa likamano, bothata ba ho arola mefuta e tobileng ea mosebetsi mosebetsing oa ho se sebetse ka ho kopanela liphate ho banna ba tlas'a 40 ho fana ka maikutlo a hore lithuto tsa ho kenella (moo lihlooho li ileng tsa tlosa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Inthanete) ho amana pakeng tsa tšebeliso ea eona le mathata a thobalano. Litlaleho tse latelang tsa bongaka li bontša kamoo ho botsa bakuli ba nang le mathata a sa tšoaneng le a sa hlalosoang ho felisa litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso ea Inthanete ho thusa ho arola liphello tsa bona litabeng tsa thobalano. Ka tlaase re tlaleha ka litoro tse tharo tse sebetsang tsa servicemen. Ba babeli ba ile ba bona ngaka bakeng sa ho se sebetse ha bona erectile e sa pheleng, takatso e tebileng ea ho kopanela liphate, le bothata bo sa hlaloseng ba ho finyella litho tsa botona le botšehali le balekane. Liphetoho tsa pele tse boletsoeng (1), (6) le (7), tse thathamisitsoeng serapeng se fetileng. Ea bobeli e boletsoeng (6) le (7). Ka bobeli ba ne ba se na boloetse bo botle ba kelello. Re boetse re tlaleha mohlankana oa boraro ea sebetsang ka thata mosebetsing ea ileng a bona ngaka ea mabaka a bophelo bo botle ba kelello. O buile ka phapang (6).

2.1. Tlhahlobo ea Pele ea Kakaretso

Mosebetsi oa ho sebetsa ka lilemo tse 20 o ile oa ngolla basebeletsi ba Caucasia ba nang le mathata a finyellang likamano tsa botona kapa botšehali nakong ea thobalano likhoeling tse tšeletseng tse fetileng. E ile ea qala ha a ntse a fetisetsoa mose ho maoatle. O ne a ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ka nako e ka etsang hora a se na palesa, 'me botona ba hae bo ne bo tsamaea hantle. Mathata a hae a ho ts'ehetsa le ho finyella li-orgasm a tsoelapele ho pholletsa le mosebetsi oa hae. Ho tloha ha a khutla, o ne a sa khone ho ejaculate nakong ea thobalano le mohlankana oa hae. O ne a ka finyella erection empa a sitoa ho etsa lipapali, mme ka mor'a 10-15 min o ne a tla lahleheloa ke ts'ebetso ea hae, e leng se neng se se joalo pele a e-na le litaba tsa ED. Sena se ne se baka bothata kamanong ea hae le molekane oa hae.

Mokuli ea mamellang ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali hangata bakeng sa "lilemo", 'me hang kapa ka makhetlo a mabeli hoo e ka bang letsatsi le leng le le leng bakeng sa lilemo tse' maloa tse fetileng. O ile a lumella ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa Inthanete bakeng sa ho tsosolosa. Kaha o ne a fumane Inthanete ka lebelo le leholo, o ne a itšetlehile feela ka litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa Inthanete. Qalong, "bootsoa bo bonolo", moo litaba li sa kenyelletsang ho kopanela liphate, "o ile a etsa mano". Leha ho le joalo, butle-butle o ne a hloka boitsebiso bo bongata bo hlakileng kapa bo fokolang. O ile a tlaleha livideo tse ngata tsa nako e le 'ngoe ka nako e le' ngoe le ho shebella likarolo tse susumetsang ka ho fetisisa. Ha a lokisetsa ho ngolisoa hoo e ka bang selemo se fetileng, o ne a tšoenyehile ka ho ba hōle le thobalano e kopanetsoeng. Kahoo, o ile a reka lipapali tsa thobalano, tseo a ileng a li hlalosa e le "botšehali ba leshano". Qalong sesebelisoa sena se ne se khothatsa hoo a fihletseng li-orgasm ka metsotsoana. Leha ho le joalo, joalokaha ho ne ho le joalo ka litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso tsa Inthanete, ka tšebeliso e eketsehileng, o ne a hloka nako e teletsana ho feta nako e telele ho ejaculate, 'me qetellong o ne a sa khone ho itlosa bolutu. Ho tloha ha a khutla ho tloha moo, o ile a tlaleha hore o tsoela pele ho ikhotsofatsa ka ho ipholla litho tse ling ka makhetlo a mangata ka letsatsi ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le Inthanete. Le hoja 'meleng le maikutlong a khahloa ke motlatsi oa hae, mokuli o ile a tlaleha hore o khethile mochine hore a etse thobalano ea sebele hobane o fumane e le e susumetsang haholoanyane. O ile a hana linyeoe tse ling tsa kamano. O ile a boela a latola leha e le efe ea botho le / kapa mosebetsi oa khatello ea mosebetsi. O ile a hlalosa maikutlo a hae ka "ho ameha" hobane o ne a tšoenyehile hore ho na le ho hong ho phoso ka litho tsa hae tsa botona le botšehali 'me o batla kamano ea hae le molekane oa hae hore a sebetse. O ne a qala ho nahana hore ha a sa khahloa ke eena.

Ka makhetlo a mangata, o ne a se na histori ea mafu a maholo, ho buuoa, kapa mafu a mafu a kelello. O ne a sa noe meriana leha e le efe kapa e tlatsetsa. O ile a latola ho sebelisa lihlahisoa tsa koae empa a noa lino tse seng kae ka makhetlo a mabeli kapa a mabeli ka khoeli. O ne a e-s'o ka a hlola a noa tahi. O ile a tlaleha likamano tse ngata tsa thobalano nakong e fetileng, empa ho tloha ha a ntse a kopanela selemo se fetileng molekane oa hae e ne e le molekane oa hae feela oa thobalano. O ile a hana histori ea mafu a tšoaetsanoang ka ho kopanela liphate. Ha ho hlahlojoa 'mele, lipontšo tsa hae tsa bohlokoa li ne li tloaelehile,' me tlhahlobo ea hae ea botona kapa botšehali e ne e bonahala e se na liso kapa masapo.

Qetellong ea ketelo, o ile a mo hlalosetsa hore tšebeliso ea lipapali tsa ho kopanela liphate e ne e ka 'na ea hlokomoloha methapo ea hae ea penile le ho sheba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Internet li fetotse monyako oa ho tsosoa ha thobalano. O ile a eletsoa hore a khaotse ho sebelisa lipapali tsa ho bapala le ho sheba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Internet. O ne a bitsoa urology bakeng sa tlhahlobo e eketsehileng. Nakong eo a ileng a bonoa ke setsebi sa 'mele sa libeke tse' maloa hamorao, o ile a khaola litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro Inthaneteng a sebelisa haholo, le hoja a itse a ke ke a khaotsa ka ho feletseng. O ile a khaotsa ho sebelisa papali eo. O ne a boetse a e-na le likamano tsa botona le botšehali ka thobalano le molekane oa hae, 'me kamano ea bona e ile ea ntlafala. Tlhahlobo ea bo-urologist e ne e tloaelehile.

2.2. Second Clinical Report

Motho ea lilemo li 40 ea African American o ile a ngolisa basebetsi ba nang le lilemo tse 17 tsa mosebetsi o tsoelang pele o mafolofolo o hlahisitsoeng ke bothata ba ho finyella litlhoko tsa likhoeli tse tharo tse fetileng. O ile a tlaleha hore ha a leka ho kopanela liphate le mosali oa hae, o ne a thatafalloa ho finyella ho tsosoa le ho thatafalloa ke ho e boloka nako e telele ho fihlela e le bosiu. Ho tloha ha ngoana oa bona e monyenyane a tloha kolecheng, likhoeli tse tšeletseng pejana, o ne a iphumana a ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali hangata ka lebaka la ho ba le boinotšing bo eketsehileng. O ne a tloaetse ho ipholla litho tsohle ka beke ka karolelano, empa e ile ea eketseha ho isa ho tse peli ho tse tharo ka beke. O ne a atisa ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Inthaneteng, empa hangata o ne a li sebelisa, nako e telele e ne e nkoa e le li-orgasm ka boitsebiso ba hae bo tloaelehileng. Sena se ile sa etsa hore a sebelise boitsebiso bo bongata bo hlakileng. Nakoana ka mor'a moo, ho kopanela liphate le mosali oa hae "ho ne ho sa susumetsa" joaloka pele le ka linako tse ling o fumane mosali oa hae "a sa rate". O ile a hana ho ba le mathata ana pele ho lilemo tse supileng tsa lenyalo la bona. O ne a e-na le mathata a lenyalo hobane mosali oa hae o ne a belaella hore o na le taba, e leng seo a ileng a se hana.

Histori ea hae ea bongaka e ne e le ea bohlokoa feela bakeng sa khatello ea meriana, e ileng ea fumanoa e le lilemo tse peli pele ho moo 'me e ne e laoloa hantle ka diuretic: 25mg ea chlorthalidone letsatsi le leng le le leng. Ha aa ka a noa meriana e meng kapa a e tlatsa. Opereishene ea hae feela e ne e le appendectomy e ileng ea etsoa lilemo tse tharo pele ho moo. O ne a se na mafu a tšoaetsanoang ka thobalano kapa mafu a kelello. O ile a lumella ho tsuba lipakete tse tharo tsa lisakerete ka beke ka lilemo tse fetang leshome 'me a noa lino tse peli ka beke. Ho hlahlojoa ha 'mele ho ile ha senola matšoao a bohlokoa ka har'a maemo a tloaelehileng, tlhahlobo e tloaelehileng ea lefu la pelo, le liphatsa tsa lefutso tse tloaelehileng ntle le liso kapa masapo.

Qetellong ea tlhahlobo eo, litaba tsa hae li ne li boleloa hore ho tsosoa takatso ea ho kopanela liphate ho fokolloa ke ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Internet le ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali khafetsa. O ile a eletsoa hore a khaotse ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Internet le ho fokotsa makhetlo a ho ikhotsofatsa. Likhoeli tse tharo hamorao, mokuli o ile a tlaleha hore o ile a leka "ka thata" ho qoba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Internet le ho ipholla litho tse seng kae, empa "o sitoa ho e etsa". O ile a re neng kapa neng ha a le mong a le mong, o ile a iphumana a shebile litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Inthanete, tse qetellang li lebisa ho ho ipholla litho. Ho se shebehe ho ile ha etsa hore a ikutloe eka o "lahleheloa", e leng se ileng sa etsa hore a halefe 'me a etsa hore a batle ho e etsa le ho feta, ho fihlela a lebeletse hore mosali oa hae a tsoe ka tlung. O ile a fanoa ka ho fetisetsoa phekolo ea ho kopanela liphate, empa o ile a hana. O ne a batla ho leka ho sebetsa boitšoarong ba hae a le mong.

2.3. Tlaleho ea Boraro ea Bongaka

Ngoana ea lilemo li 18 ea bitsoang SNC o ile a kenngoa setsing sa bophelo bo botle ba kelello se sa foleng ka mor'a lefu la ho ipolaea. Nakong ea tlhahlobo ea hae le kalafo o ile a lumela ho noa joala le hoja a ne a eletsoa hore a se ke a noa joala ha a ntse a tšoaroa ka meriana e loantšang maikutlo. Histori ea hae le ho mamellana ho eketsehileng li ne li lumellana le ho noa ha Alcohol Use Disorder ka lebaka la tšebeliso ea hae ha a ntse a e-na le bothata ba ho tepella maikutlo. E le karolo ea karolo ea lithethefatsi ea histori ea hae o ile a botsoa ka ho becha, ho bapala Inthanete le ho lemalla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. O ile a senola hore o amehile haholo ka tšebeliso ea hae ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​a qeta nako e ngata (24 + ha ha letsatsi) a sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng ka likhoeli tse tšeletseng. O ile a boela a hlokomela hore o fokolitse thahasello ea ho kopanela liphate ho mosali oa hae, a bontšoa ke ho se khone ho boloka lintho tse tsitsitseng, a khetha ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa moo a neng a se na mathata a erectile. Ha a hlokomela hore o sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka tsela e feteletseng, o ile a khaotsa ho e shebella ka ho feletseng, a bolella motho ea botsang lipotso hore o ne a tšaba hore haeba a ka e sheba ka tsela leha e le efe o tla iphumana a le hlokolosi hape. O ile a tlaleha hore ka mor'a hore a khaotse ho sebelisa litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ea hae erectile e ile ea nyamela.

Ka bokhutšoanyane, lithuto tsa ho kenella ho etsoa ho senola ts'oaetso ka ho tlosa mefuta-futa ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro Inthaneteng li sebelisoa haholo ho hlahloba mathata a sa hlalosoang ka thobalano ho basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba Internet tlas'a 40. Joalokaha ho hlalositsoe litlaleho tsa rona tsa bongaka, hammoho le katleho ea lingaka Doidge [33] le Bronner le Ben-Zion [34] ka holimo, lipatlisiso tse joalo li ka 'na tsa botsa barupeluoa ba ithutoang hore ba na le PIED, bothata ba ho finyella setho sa botona le molekane, le / kapa takatso ea ho kopanela liphate / khotsofalo ea ho felisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba Inthaneteng.

SLIDE 24

Lithethefatsi tse matlafatsang thobalano hangata li emisa ho sebeletsa banna bana (haeba ba kile ba li etsa) - hobane bothata ba bona ha bo ka tlase ho lebanta, moo Viagra e sebetsang teng. Ebile bothata ba bona ha se ba kelello. Ke ka lebaka la liphetoho tsa 'mele le biochemical bokong - liphetoho tse amanang le bokhoba ba tahi. Boko ba bona bo sosobaneng bo romela lipontšo tse fokolang le tse fokolang ho libanana tsa bona.

TŠEBELETSO EA SEHLOOHO:

Ts'ehetso ea mantlha ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse ka hlahisoang ke litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e ka fumanoa li-slide 21, 22, 23 le 24. Ka kakaretso, likete tsa bahlankana ba phetseng hantle (ba lilemo li 16-40), ba nang le phapano e le 'ngoe e tšoanang, lilemo tsa ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ho litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa inthanete , e hlahisitse ED e sa hlalosoang, ho lieha ho emisa, ho lahleheloa ke khoheli ho balekane ba 'nete le anorgasmia. Bahlankana bana ba ne ba fapane ka limelo, morabe, lijo, mekhoa ea boikoetliso, litumelo tsa bolumeli, litumelo tsa boits'oaro, naha ea tlhaho, thuto, maemo a moruo, joalo-joalo.

Bahlankana bana ba ne ba sa khone ho finyelloa ntle le tšebeliso ea bootsoa, ​​'me butle-butle ba bang ha ba sa finyelloa ho etsoa le tšebeliso ea litšoantšo. Ba bangata ba ne ba bone litsebi tse ngata tsa tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle le bohle ba lekile mekhoa e 'maloa ea ho folisa phepelo ea bona ea ED ho se na litholoana. Ba bangata ba ne ba e-na le lipelaelo pele ba folisa mathata a bona a ho kopanela liphate a hore litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e ne e le sesosa Sepheo sa ED ea bona e ne e se khatello ea ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ha ba ntse ba hlōleha ho finyella likhetho tse feletseng ha ba ntse ba leka ho ipholla litho ntle ho litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (Nka tseba joang hore ED ea ka e amana le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa? (Teko).

Taba ea hore litšoantšo tsa bootsoa-tse susumelitseng ED e bakoa ke liphetoho tsa bokooa bo amanang le lithethefatsi li ne li tšehetsoa ke liphihlelo tsa banna ba likete ba khaotsang ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le ho folisa likotsi tse sa foleng tsa thobalano. Hoo e batlang e le monna e mong le e mong ea neng a tlohela ho kopanela liphate o ile a tlaleha lihlopha tse tšoanang tsa matšoao a 'meleng le a kelello, le nako e tšoanang bakeng sa ponahalo ea matšoao a kang ho tsukutleha, litakatso, ho lahleheloa ho feletseng ka libido. Matšoao a mangata a ho khaotsa ho tlohela lithethefatsi tse kang ho khaotsa lithethefatsi / joala, tse kang litakatso, matšoenyeho, ho tsieleha, ho tepella maikutlo, bothata ba boko, ho robala ka tsela e sa tloaelehang, ho hloka botsitso, ho tsieleha, mahlaba, bohloko, joalo-joalo (bona: Ho tlohela ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa ho shebahala joang?). Nakong ea libeke tse 1-2, lithuto tse ngata li ba le se bitsoang "flatline": low libido, liphetoho tse lemohuoang ho kutlo ea botona kapa botšehali (bona: THUSA! Ke tlohetse litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​empa matla a ka, boholo ba thobalano, le / kapa libido li fokotsa (Flatline)). Linako tsa ho hlaphoheloa lia fapana: Pakeng tsa 2006-2010 e ne e hloka feela likhoeli tse 2-3, empa bolelele ba ho fola bo eketsehile butle ho theosa le lilemo tse fetileng. Ba bang joale ba hloka likhoeli tse 6-12 kapa ho feta. Tsena tsohle li fana ka maikutlo a mofuta o ikhethileng oa liphetoho tsa kelello, eseng "mathata" a kelello.

TŠEBELETSO E NTSENG:

Ts'ehetso e ts'oetsitsoeng bakeng sa lipolelo tsa slide 24 e kenyeletsa likarolo tse peli:

1. qotsitsoeng Na Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Tsa Inthanete li baka Mathata a Kopanela Liphate? Tlhahlobo le Litlaleho tsa Bongaka (2016) ho akaretsang lingoliloeng tse tšehetsang khopolo ea hore liphetoho tsa bokooa tse amanang le lithethefatsi li bakoa ke ho senya likamano tsa botona le botšehali tse bakoang ke ho kopanela liphate.
2. Lethathamo la lipatlisiso tsa morao-rao tse amanang le tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa thobalano likhatong tsa thobalano

1. Tlhaloso e tsoang ho Na Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Tsa Inthanete li baka Mathata a Kopanela Liphate? Tlhahlobo le Litlaleho tsa Bongaka (2016):

3.4. Matšoao a kotsi a amanang le Internet Pornography-Mathata a ho Kopanela Liphate

Re nahana hore litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso-tse susumelitseng mathata a ho kopanela liphate li akarelletsa ho se tsitsisehe le ho hloka boikemisetso tsamaisong ea ho susumetsa bokong [72, 129] le li-neural correlates tsa e 'ngoe le e' ngoe, kapa tse peli, li fumanoe liphuputsong tsa morao-rao ho basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba Internet [31, 48, 52, 53, 54, 86, 113, 114, 115, 120, 121, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134]. Re robile karolo ena ea puisano ea rona ka likarolo tse tharo tse amanang.

3.4.1. Matšoenyeho a Eketsehileng a ho Susumetsa Litšoantšo Tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Inthaneteng (ho se nahane)

Ho se sebetse ho bua ka karabo e matlafatsang, e sebetsanang le maemo a amanang le tšebeliso. Thuto e matlafatsang e kenyeletsa ho ntlafatsa mokhoa oa ho arabela ka matla oa methapo ea meriana e etsang hore ho be le mekhoa e ka 'nang ea e-ba le tšusumetso e matla ea ho phekola lithethefatsi le meputso ea tlhaho [135, 136, 137]. Masolimbic dopamine tsamaiso e fumana litho tsa glutamate libakeng tse sa tšoaneng tsa cortical le limbic. Tlhahiso ea morao-rao e bontša hore li-synapses tsa glutamaterg tse amanang le ho batla le ho fumana moputso o itseng li fetoha liphetoho, tse matlafatsang karabo ea tsamaiso ea mesolimbic dopamine ho fihlela moputso oo [100, 138]. Mekhatlo ena e matla e ithutang e matlafatsa "khothatso-ts'oaetso" (kapa "khothatso ea khothatso") khopolo ea ho lemala.

Mabapi le ho ikopanya ha basebeletsi ba rona le balekane ba rona, ho ka etsahala hore ha ba ntse ba hlohlelletsa tsoalo ea bona ea thobalano ho litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa Inthanete, thobalano e arohaneng ha e sa hlola e finyella litebello tsa tsona tse behiloeng 'me ha e sa etsa hore ho lokolloe dopamine e lekaneng bakeng sa ho hlahisa le ho boloka likheo [50, 62, 139]. Joaloka Prause le Pfaus, "Mathata a Erectile a ka 'na a etsahala ha ho hlile ho e-na le maikutlo a ho kopanela liphate a sa lumellaneng le litaba tse pharaletseng [tse fumanehang Inthaneteng]" [50]. Thuto ea batho le liphoofolo e bontša hore ha litebello li sa finyellehe (phoso e boletsoeng esale pele), mosebetsi o bobebe oa dopamine o thibeloa [140, 141, 142, 143]. Liphuputso tsa lithethefatsi li tlalehile hore lintlha tse hlalositsoeng ka ho toba le ho ba sieo ha moputso oa lithethefatsi li ka ba le liphello tse thibelang ho tlosoa ha dopamine [72]. Tumellanong le phoso e boletsoeng esale pele, Banca et al. ho tlalehile ho fokotseha ha tšebetsong ea ho itšehla thajana ka lebaka la ho se lumelle setšoantšo sa ho kopanela liphate (ho latela sekheo sa ho kopanela liphate) [86]. Banca et al. o ile a boela a tlaleha hore, ha ho bapisoa le ho laola bophelo bo botle, basebelisi ba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ba Inthaneteng ba ne ba ntlafalitse ho khetha maemo a tloaelehileng (a sa hlakang mekhoa) e amanang le litšoantšo tsa thobalano [86]. Tlhahiso ena e fana ka maikutlo a hore basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba Inthaneteng ba ka khothatsoa hore ba se ke ba amana le litaba tsa thobalano, mekhatlo e ka ba phephetso e kholo ho tima [87].

Thuto ea 2014 ea fMRI ea Voon et al. e fana ka ts'ehetso bakeng sa mohlala oa ho susumetsa (ho hlokomelisa) mohlala mabapi le ho qobella basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Inthaneteng [31]. Ha ho bapisoa le ho laola bophelo bo botle, basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba Inthaneteng ba qobelletse ho etsa lipapali tsa ho kopanela liphate ka sekhahla sa ventral, amygdala le dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. Ts'ebetso ena ea mantlha e ts'oaroa nakong ea ts'ebetso ea reactivity le litakatso tsa lithethefatsi tse sebelisang lithethefatsi hampe [144]. Voon et al. o ile a boela a tlaleha hore, "Ha ho bapisoa le baithaopi ba phetseng hantle, [basebelisi ba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ba Inthanete] ba ne ba e-na le takatso e matla ea ho kopanela liphate kapa ba batlang ho bua ka mokhoa o totobetseng 'me ba ne ba rata likarolo tse ngata ka ho fetisisa ha ba batla"31] (leq. 2). Mohlala oa ho khothaletsa batho ho lemalla, ho khetholla pakeng tsa "ho batla" le "ho rata" ho nkoa e le pontšo ea thuto ea mafu.106]. Joalokaha ho lemalla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse hlakileng tsa Inthanete ho tsoela pele, ho susumetsoa ke litakatso le litakatso tsa ho "sebelisa" ("ho batla"), athe thabo e tsoang ho eona ("ho rata") e fokotseha. Mona, baetsi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba Inthaneteng "ba ratile" tšusumetso ea litakatso tsa tlhaho, empa ba "batla" litlhaloso tse hlakileng. Ho tšoana le servicemen ea rona, boholo ba lihlooho tsa Voon et al. (Lilemo tse bolelang 25) "li ne li e-na le mathata a mangata a ho kopanela liphate le mathata a erectile kamanong e haufi-ufi empa eseng ka lihlahisoa tse hlakileng tsa ho kopanela liphate tse hlalosang hore takatso e matlafatsang e ne e totobetse ho hlakile litlhahiso le tse sa tloaelehang li phahamiselitse takatso ea thobalano "[31] (leq. 5). Phuputso e amanang le litaba tse ngata tse tšoanang le tse ling tse fumanoang li le boima ba ho shebella litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso Inthaneteng li sebelisoa ho latela tse fumanoang liphuputsong tsa lithethefatsi litabeng tsa ho lemalla lithethefatsi [111]. Sehlopha se etsang lipatlisiso se ile sa etsa qeto ea hore, "Ts'ebetso ena e kopane e fana ka ts'ehetso ea khothatso ea khothatso ea ho lemalla ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate ho CSB [boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate]" [111].

Phuputso ea 2015 ea fMRI ho batho ba bong bo tšoanang le ba Seok le Sohn e hlalositsoe mme e atolosoa holim'a liphuputso tsa Voon et al. [31] le Mechelmans et al. [111], feela e hlalositsoe [120]. Seok le Sohn ba tlaleha hore ha ho bapisoa le ts'oaetso ea bosodoma ho ne ho e-na le ts'ebetso e matla haholo ea boko ha e pepese litšoantšo tsa thobalano bakeng sa 5. Ha Voon et al [31] a hlahloba tšebetso e entsoeng ka mahlakoreng a metsoako ea DACC-ventral striy-amygdala functional network, Seok le Sohn ba ile ba hlahloba liketsahalo ka mokhathala oa li-prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), motsoako o fokolang, poroetal lobe, tlase ea pele ea cingulate gyrus le thalamus. Seok le Sohn ba phaella ka hore boima ba ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate ka kotloloho bo amana le ts'ebetso e bakoang ke ts'oaetso ea DLPFC le thalamus. Ntho ea boraro e fumanoeng ke hore ho bapisoa le ts'ebetso ea bosodoma ho ne ho e-na le ts'ebetso ea DLPFC e kholo ho feta thobalano, leha ho le joalo ho fokolloa haholo ke DLPFC ho se nke lehlakore. Liipone tsena tse sa tloaelehang tsa li-cortex tse sebetsanang le batho ba nang le bothata ba ho lemalla ho lemalla lithethefatsi tse amanang le lithethefatsi li kopantsoe le phaello e fokolang mesebetsing e tloaelehileng e putsang [145]. Tlhaloso ena e lumellana le maikutlo a rona a hore phekolo e tsitsitseng le boikutlo ba boikaketsi ba tsamaiso ea boko bo susumelletsehang bo sebelisoa, 'me e ka' na ea amana le litlokotsi tsa ho kopanela liphate tse tsosang takatso ea thobalano.

Tlhahlobo ea 2016 ea fMRI-reactivity ho banna ba bong bo fapaneng ba bootsoa ba sebelisang eketseha lilemong tse fetileng [54]. Brand et al. ba tlaleha hore mosebetsi oa li-ventral striatum o ne o le moholo bakeng sa boitsebiso ba bootsoa bo khethiloeng ha bo bapisoa le boitsebiso bo bong bo hlephileng ba bootsoa. Ho phaella moo, ts'ebetso e matla ea li-ventral bakeng sa boitsebiso bo bobebe ba bootsoa e amana le matšoao a boithati ba ho sebelisa lithethefatsi tsa bootsoa Inthaneteng. Ha e le hantle, matšoao a ho lemalla litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho Internet (e le ho hlahlojoa ke s-IATsex) e ne e le eona feela ea bohlokoa ea karabo ea ventral striatum ho litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse sa khethiloeng. Liphetoho tse ling, tse kang libeke tsa beke le beke tsa inthanete, boithabiso ba ho kopanela liphate, boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate ka kakaretso, matšoao a ho tepella maikutlo le kutloisiso ea batho ba bang, le lits'ebetso tsa matla a boitšoaro ba ho kopanela liphate, ha lia ka tsa amana le ketsahalo ea ventral striatum. Ka mantsoe a bonolo, e ne e le ho lemosa se molemo ka ho fetisisa se boletseng matšoao a ho lemalla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba Inthaneteng. Brand et al. o ile a etsa qeto ea hore, "Liphuputso li hatisa phapang pakeng tsa IPA [lithethefatsi tse tsosang takatso ea boitšoaro bo bobe] le mekhoa e meng ea ho itšoara hampe le mathata a amanang le lithethefatsi" [54].

Thuto ea XMUMX fMRI (Klucken et al.) [121] bapisa lihlopha tse peli tsa banna ba bong bo fapaneng: batho ba nang le boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate (CSB) le ho laola bophelo bo botle. Nako e bolelang e sebelisoang ka tloaelo ho shebella boitsebiso bo hlalosang thobalano beke le beke e ne e le 1187 min bakeng sa sehlopha sa CSB le 29 min bakeng sa sehlopha sa taolo. Bafuputsi ba pepesa litaba tsohle ho latela mokhoa oa ho etsa liphallelo tseo ho tsona lipolotiki tse neng li sa nke lehlakore li ne li bolela esale pele ho hlahisa setšoantšo se tsosang takatso. Ha ho bapisoa le ho laola lihlooho ka CSB ho bonts'itsoe ho eketsa ts'ebetso ea amygdala nakong ea ho bonts'oa ha boemo bo hlalosang setšoantšo se tsosang takatso. Tlhaloso ena e lumellanang le litlaleho tsa liphuputso tsa tlaleho e eketsehile ts'ebeliso ea amygdala ha lithethefatsi tsa lithethefatsi li pepesehela litlhahiso tse amanang le tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi146]. Voon et al. o ile a boela a tlaleha hore livideo tse hlakileng li entse hore ho be le ts'ebetso e kholo ea amygdala ka litaba tsa CSB ho feta ho laola bophelo bo botle. Patlisiso ena e fetoha le lipatlisiso tsa liphoofolo tse kopanyang amygdala ho boemo bo matlafatsang. Ka mohlala, ho hlohlelletsa ho potoloha ha li-opioid ka amygdala ho matlafatsa matla a ho susumetsa mohopolo o lebisitseng tlhokomelong e tiisitsoeng, hammoho le ho fokotseha ha nako e le 'ngoe ea ho khahloa ha sepheo se seng sa bohlokoa [147]. Ha sehlopha sa CSB se Klucken et al. [121] ba ne ba e-na le ts'ebetso e kholo ea ho etsa qeto ea ho etsa setšoantšo sa thobalano, tsoho ea bona ea ho kopanela liphate e ne e se ea bohlokoa ho feta taolo. Ho thahasellisang ke hore lihlooho tse mashome a mabeli tsa CSB li tlalehile "bothata ba" orgasmic-erection "ha ho buisanoa ho ea ho hlahloba mafu a Axis I le Axis II, athe ha ho le tse ling tsa litaba tse laolang mathata a thobalano. Tlhaloso ena e hopola Voon et al., Moo lihlooho tsa CSB li neng li e-na le li-amygdala-ventral striatum-activation-dACC tse hlahisang lipapali tsa thobalano, empa 11 ea 19 e tlalehile mathata a erectile kapa a tsosang takatso le balekane ba thobalano. Klucken et al. e boetse e fumane ho kopana ho fokolang pakeng tsa ventral striatum le prefrontal cortex litabeng tse nang le CSB ha li bapisoa le litsamaiso. Ho fokotseha ho fokolang ha li-ventral-PFC ho 'nile ha tlalehoa hore ho na le mathata a mangata' me ho lumeloa hore ho amana le ho laola maikutlo a ho laola maikutlo [145].

Thuto ea 2013 EEG ea Steele et al. e tlalehile hore P300 e phahame litšoantšong tsa thobalano, ha e bapisoa le litšoantšo tse sa jeleng paate, batho ba ipelaetsang ka mathata a ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba Inthanete ba sebelisa [48]. Batho ba hlekefetsang ba bang ba boetse ba bontša bophahamo bo boholo ba P300 ha ba pepesehela litšoantšo tse amanang le tahi ea bona [148]. Ho feta moo, Steele et al. ho tlalehile ho se lumellane ho fapaneng pakeng tsa P300 bophahamo le takatso ea thobalano le molekane [48]. Tlhaloso e kholo ea ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro Inthaneteng tse nang le takatso e fokolang ea thobalano ea thobalano e kopanetsoeng, joalo ka tlaleho ea Steele et al., E lumellana le Voon et al. ho fumanoa ka "ho fokotsa libido kapa mosebetsi oa erectile ka ho khetheha likamanong tsa rona le basali" ka ho qobella batho ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Inthaneteng [31]. Ho tšehetsa lithuto tsena, lipatlisiso tse peli tsa ho hlahloba takatso ea thobalano le mosebetsi oa erectile ho "ho kopanela liphate" le ho qobella batho ho sheba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro Inthaneteng li ile tsa tlaleha mekhatlo pakeng tsa litekanyetso tsa bosodoma le ho fokotsa takatso ea likamano tsa botona le botšehali le likamano tsa botona le botšehali [15, 30]. Ho phaella moo, phuputso ea 2016 ea banna ba 434 ba neng ba shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Inthaneteng bonyane hanngoe likhoeling tse tharo tse fetileng ba ile ba bolela hore bothata bo sebelisitsoeng bo amahanngoa le maemo a phahameng a ho tsosoa, empa ho fokotsa khotsofalo ea thobalano le mosebetsi o bobebe oa erectile [44]. Liphello tsena li lokela ho nkoa ho latela lipatlisiso tse ngata tsa lefu la kelello tse fumanoeng hore ho kopanela liphate ho tsosa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Inthanete le litakatso tsa ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li amana le bothata ba matšoao a ho lemalla li-cybersex le mathata a boithati bophelong ba letsatsi le leng le le leng ka lebaka la litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Internet li sebelisa [52, 53, 54, 113, 115, 149, 150]. Ho kopanngoa, lithuto tse ngata le tse fapa-fapaneng tse sebelisang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba Inthaneteng li lumellana le khopolo ea ho tsuba, eo liphetoho tsa bohlokoa ba ho khothatsa li lumellana le liphetoho ho ts'ebetso ea libaka tsa boko bo kenyelletsoeng ts'ebetsong [31, 106]. Ho akaretsa, tumellanong le maikutlo a rona, lipatlisiso tse fapa-fapaneng li tlaleha hore ho ts'oanela ho ts'oanela ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​litakatso tsa ho sheba le ho qobella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho sebelisoa ho amana le mathata a thobalano le ho fokotsa takatso ea thobalano ho balekane.

3.4.2. Ho Fokotseha Moputso oa ho Utloisisa Boikutlo (Boikaketsi)

Ho fapana le karabo e fokolang ea ho sheba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro Inthaneteng ho hlalositsoe, ho se tšepahale ke ho fokotseha ha maikutlo ho fokolang ha moputso ho tloaelehileng ka mokhoa o sa tloaelehang [70, 151, 152, 153], tse kang thobalano e kopanetsoeng [31, 48]. Ho fokotseha hona ho boetse ho etsa hore motho a mamelle [70], 'me e' nile ea e-ba le maikutlo a mabeli le boitšoaro bo hlephileng [153, 154, 155, 156], ho akarelletsa le mefuta e meng ea lithethefatsi tsa Inthanete [157, 158, 159] Mamello ea rona ea servicemen ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Inthanete e ile ea eketseha ka potlako, e leng se lebisang ho bonang boitsebiso bo feteletseng. Taba ea hore livideo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tse ikhethang e phahamisa haholo ho feta kamoo litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso li ka tlatsetsang kateng ho tloaela batho kapa ho mamellana [27, 75, 79, 81, 160]. Ka mohlala, banna ba neng ba shebella filimi ea thobalano ho e-na le filimi e sa nke lehlakore hamorao ba ile ba bontša hore ha ba na likarabo tse fokolang litšoantšong tsa thobalano,161]. Nakoana ka mor'a hore libaesekopo tsa video tse hlephisang boitšoaro li fumanehe, bafuputsi ba ile ba boela ba fumana hore ha bashebelli ba fuoa litšoantšo tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa libitum tsa lihlooho tse fapa-fapaneng ba ile ba eketseha ka potlako ho ea bootsoa bo feteletseng bo feteletseng [162]. Ha litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li shebahala haholoanyane, ho na le takatso e matla ea lihlooho tse thata [27, 43, 162], e bontšang ho fokotsa boikarabelo ba ho kopanela liphate. (Hape, halofo ea lihlooho tsa Kinsey Institute tse neng li tloaetse ho shebella litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso ea boitsebiso bo bontšang litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li bontšitse ho se tsotelle ha erectile ho laborateng, '27], le halofo ea basebelisi ba litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso ea ho sheba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ba sa tsoa hlahlojoa, le bona ba ile ba fallela linthong tse sa kang tsa ba thahasella nakong e fetileng44(leq. 260).) Phuputsong e 'ngoe, khotsofalo ea thobalano le balekane, e lekanngoa ka lerato, ponahalo ea' mele, thahasello ea ho kopanela liphate, le ts'ebetso ea thobalano, e ne e amana le litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro [43]. Likokoana-hloko tse peli tse khomarelang ka ho feteletseng li susumetsoa ka matla le amphetamine tse fokolang ka bobeli-ho kopanya ka ho sebelisoa ha li-receptor tsa mahlaseli a maholo [163], mme ho ka etsahala hore litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa inthanete tse matlafatsang kajeno li tlise phello e ts'oanang ho basebelisi ba bang.

Tumellanong le tlhahiso ea hore litšebeletso tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa basebelisi ba Inthaneteng li ka 'na tsa e-ba le boikaketsi ha li arabela likamano tsa botona le botšehali (hammoho le phekolo ea ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Inthaneteng), tlhahlobo ea XMUMX ea fMRI ea basebelisi ba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Inthanete ka Kühn le Gallinat o ile a fumana hore ho hlajoa ha molumo o nepahetseng oa striatum ho ne ho le nyenyane haholo ka lihora tse ngata le lilemo tse ngata tsa ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa Inthanete [134]. Ho bonahala eka ho na le mekhoa e metle ea ho itšoara ka mokhoa oa ho atamela 'me e na le maikutlo a matla ka ho susumetsa maikutlo a amanang le lerato la lerato [164, 165]. Hape, lihlooho tse kholo tsa 'litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa Inthanete li sebelisa, theolela ho kenya letsoho ka letsohong le letšehali ha u shebile litšoantšo tsa thobalano e sa ntse e le lifoto (0.530 s exposure). Ho kenyelletsa setamen ho amahanngoa le ho tsosoa ha thobalano le penile tumescence [67, 166]. Bangoli ba ile ba fana ka maikutlo a hore liphuputso tsena li "lumellana le khopolo ea hore ho pepeseha ho hoholo ha litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho fella ka ho fokotseha ha karabo ea tlhaho ea mekhoa ea boipheliso litabeng tsa thobalano" [134]. Ho thahasellisang ke hore banna ba "thahasellang haholo litšoantšong tse litšila tse tsosang takatso kapa tse feteletseng" ba tlaleha hore ba amehile haholo ka liketso tsa bona tsa ho kopanela liphate, boholo ba pona, le bokhoni ba ho boloka likhetho ho feta basebelisi ba bang ba bootsoa ba Internet [42]. Ha motho a nahana hore ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho feteletseng ho ka fokotsa boikarabelo ba ho kopanela liphate ho basebelisi ba bang, ka hona ho khanna tlhokahalo e matla ea lintlha tse feteletseng kapa tsa morao ho etsa [27]. Hape, phuputso ea 2016 e tlalehile hore halofo ea banna bao ho buisanoeng le bona e ne e falletse linthong tse bonahalang "tseo pele li neng li sa li thahasellise kapa li nahana hore li nyonyeha" [44].

Thuto ea 2015 EEG ea Prause et al. o bapisa ba shebelang litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Inthanete (e bolelang 3.8 h / beke) ba neng ba tšoenyehile ka maikutlo a bona a ho laola (e bolelang 0.6 h / beke) ha ba ntse ba sheba litšoantšo tsa thobalano (tlhahiso ea 1.0) [130]. Ha ho fumanoa hore ho tšoana le Kühn le Gallinat, ba shebellang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa hangata ba Inthaneteng ba bonts'a matla a ho etsa li-neural activation (LPP) ho litšoantšo tsa thobalano ho feta taolo [130]. Liphello tsa lipatlisiso tsena tse peli li bontša hore hangata ba shebellang litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro Inthaneteng ba hloka boikutlo bo eketsehileng ba ho hlahisa maikutlo a boko ha ba bapisoa le ho laola bophelo bo botle kapa basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba Inthaneteng [167, 168]. Ho phaella moo, Kühn le Gallinat ba tlaleha hore litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso tsa Inthanete li sebelisana le ho kopana ho tlaase ho pakeng tsa striatum le prefrontal cortex. Ho se sebetse ho potolohileng hona ho amana le khetho e sa lokelang ea boitšoaro ho sa tsotellehe hore na ho ka ba le liphello tse mpe hakae [169]. Tumellanong le Kühn le Gallinat, lipatlisiso tsa kelello li tlaleha hore litaba tse nang le tšekamelo e phahameng ea ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate Inthaneteng li fokolitse taolo ea bolaoli ba tsamaiso ha li tobane le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa [53, 114].

Thuto ea 2015 ea fMRI ea Banca et al. li tlalehile hore, ha li bapisoa le ho laola bophelo bo botle, litaba tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Inthaneteng li ne li e-na le khetho e kholo ea ho rata litšoantšo tsa thobalano [86]. Le hoja ho batla lits'oants'o le ho batla lits'ebeletso ho amana le kotsi e kholo bakeng sa mefuta e mengata ea lithethefatsi [170], Banca et al. ha a fumane phapang pakeng tsa ho batla lintho tse ngata pakeng tsa basebelisi ba bootsoa ba Inthanete le ho laola bophelo bo botle. Bangoli ba fana ka maikutlo a hore khetho bakeng sa mokhoa o sa tloaelehang o ne o totobetse ho sheba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro Inthaneteng,86]. Liphetho tsena li lumellana le Brand et al. (2011), e fumanoeng hore "palo ea litšebeliso tsa thobalano" e ne e le ts'ebetso ea bohlokoa ea ho lemala ho sebelisa lipotso tsa IATsex, ha litšobotsi tsa botho li sa amane le ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate ka litaba tsa thobalano [53]. Banca et al. o ile a boela a tlaleha hore basebelisi ba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ba Inthanete ba bontšitse tloaelo e khōlō ho feta moo ho bonang litšoantšo tse tšoanang tsa thobalano [86]. Ka kakaretso, tekanyo ea dACC tloaelo ea litšoantšo tsa thobalano e ne e amahanngoa le khetho e kholo bakeng sa mokhoa oa ho kopanela liphate o mong le o mong [86]. DACC e kenyelelitsoe ts'ebetsong ea lithethefatsi reactivity le takatso, hammoho le tekanyetso ea litlhohonolofatso tse lebeletsoeng le tse sa lebelloang [144, 171]. Voon et al. e tlalehile hore mosebetsi oa DACC o ntlafetse haholo litabeng tsa bootsoa tsa Inthaneteng ho qobella lipapali tsa ho kopanela liphate [31]. Liphuputso tsa Banca et al. Li fana ka maikutlo a hore batho ba bangata ba ts'oanang le litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ba Inthaneteng ba susumelletseha haholoanyane ka mokhoa o potlakileng oa ho kopanela liphate. Bafuputsi ba ile ba phetha ka ho re, "Re bontša liteko tsa lithethefatsi tse bontšang hore litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephileng tsa boitšoaro bo bobe li sebelisoa] ke ho batla maemo, maemo a tloaelehileng le tloaelo ea ho kopanela liphate ho banna" [86]. Thupong e amanang le eona, tse ngata tsa lihlooho tse tšoanang li ne li boetse li tlalehile mathata a tsosang takatso ea ho kopanela liphate le erectile ka likamano tse kopanetsoeng tsa thobalano, empa eseng nakong ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa Inthanete li sebelisa [31]. Sena se bolela hore litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Inthanete-tse bakang mathata a ho kopanela liphate li ka 'na tsa e-ba karolo e itseng ka lebaka la litebello tsa ts'ebetso tse sa tšoaneng le liketso tsa thobalano. Ba kopantsoe hammoho, Kühn le Gallinat [134] Prause le al. [130] le Banca et al. [86] ba bontšitse hore basebelisi ba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ba Inthanete ba bontša (1) ho se sebetse ha boko ba maikutlo ka lebaka la ho pepesehela litšoantšo tsa thobalano; (2) e kholo ka ho fetisisa litabeng tsa thobalano; (3) ka potlako DACC tloaelo ea litabatso tsa thobalano; le (4) ho se na bohlooho bo bobebe bo bongata. Liphuputso tsena li tšehetsa khopolo-taba ea hore litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa Inthanete li ka 'na tsa fokotsa ts'oaetso ea mohloli, e lebisang ho tloaelehileng le ho mamellana hammoho le tlhokahalo e kholo ea ho tsosoa ka thobalano.

Liphuputso tsa ho etsa lipatlisiso ka ED ea AIDS li fana ka ts'ehetso e eketsehileng bakeng sa karolo ea moputso oa boipheliso ho se sebetse ka ho se sebetse ha erectile le tlaase ea libido. Dopamine agonist apomorphine e kenyelletsa penile erections ho banna ba nang le psychogenic ED [172]. Ha tlhahlobo ea XMUMX ea fMRI e ne e hlahloba boitsebiso ba bokooa ha banna ba nang le ED ea kelello le litsamaiso tse matla ba ne ba shebella lifilimi tsa thobalano, ba nang le ED ea kelello ea matsoho ba fapane haholo le ho laoloa ke matla ka tekanyo ea ho ts'oara libaka tsa cortical le subcortical. Ha dopamine agonist apomorphine e ne e fuoa banna ba nang le maikutlo a kelello ea ED, e hlahisa mekhoa ea bokooa e tšoanang le e bonngoeng ka matla a ho laola: haholo-holo ho eketsa ts'ebetso e hlaselang le ea ho itšireletsa habonolo [173]. Ho feta moo, phuputso ea 2012 MRI e fumane kopano e matla pakeng tsa ho fokotseha ha taba ea bohlooho ba lefuba le ea maikutlo a bohlooho ba ED-ED [174]. Phuputso ea 2008 e ile ea tlaleha banna ba nang le ED ea kelello ea maikutlo e bontšitsoeng liketso tse fokolang tsa tlhaho ea ho kopanela liphate [175].

2. Liphuputso tse amanang le tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa kapa ho lemalla litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso ea ho kopanela liphate ho ED, ho ba le takatso ea ho kopanela liphate, takatso ea ho kopanela liphate, ho lieha ho khutla, le ho fokotsa ho tsosoa takatso ea thobalano

Tlhokomeliso: Khang e mabapi le boteng ba litlokotsi tsa thobalano tse bakoang ke ho kopanela liphate e felile. Liphuputso tsa pele tsa 5 li bontša hore ho na le bothata kaha barupeluoa ba ile ba tlosa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa 'me ba phekola likotsi tse sa feleng tsa thobalano

1) Na Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Tsa Inthanete li baka Mathata a Kopanela Liphate? Tlhahlobo le Litlaleho tsa Bongaka (2016) - Tlhahlobo e pharaletseng ea lingoliloeng tse amanang le mathata a ho kopanela liphate a bakoang ke ho kopanela liphate. Ho kenyelletsa lingaka tse 7 tsa Sesole sa Metsing (li-urologists, lingaka tsa mafu a kelello le MD e nang le PhD ho neuroscience) tlhahlobo e fana ka lintlha tsa morao-rao tse senolang keketseho e kholo ea mathata a bocha ba thobalano. E boetse e lekola lithuto tsa methapo e amanang le bokhoba ba bootsoa le ho etsa thobalano ka litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng. Lingaka li fana ka litlaleho tsa 3 tsa bongaka tsa banna ba ileng ba hlahisa lits'oants'o tse amanang le thobalano. Banna ba babeli ho ba bararo ba ile ba folisa likotsi tsa bona tsa thobalano ka ho felisa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Monna oa boraro ha a ka a ntlafala hanyane ka ha a ne a sa khone ho qoba tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Tlhaloso:

Lintho tse tloaelehileng tse kileng tsa hlalosetsa mathata a thobalano tsa banna li bonahala li sa lekaneng ho ikarabella bakeng sa ho nyoloha ka matla ho erectile ho se sebetse, ho lieha ho khutsuoa, ho fokotsa khotsofalo ea thobalano le ho fokotsa libido nakong ea thobalano e kopanetsoeng ho banna ba tlas'a 40. Tlhaloso ena (1) e na le maikutlo a tsoang libakeng tse ngata, mohlala, litsebi tsa bongaka, likokoana-hloko (lithethefatsi / urology), kelello (maemo a thobalano), sechaba; le (2) li fana ka litlaleho tsa litlaleho tsa bophelo bo botle, bohle ba ikemiselitse ho fana ka tataiso ea ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa mohlolo ona nakong e tlang. Liphetoho tsamaisong ea ts'ebetso ea boko li hlahlojoa e le mokhoa o ka khonehang oa ho etsa lintho tse amanang le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Tlhahlobo ena e boetse e na le bopaki ba hore thepa e ikhethang ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Inthaneteng (tlhaho e se nang moeli, monyetla oa hore ho be bonolo ho eketseha ho isa boitsebiso bo feteletseng, lipapali tsa video, joalo-joalo) e ka ba matla a lekaneng ho tsosoa takatso ea ho kopanela liphate likarolong tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa Inthanete. -a balekane ba bophelo, joalo ka hore thobalano le balekane ba lakatsang ba ka 'na ba se ke ba ingolisa ha ba lebelloa le ho fokotseha ha bona. Litlaleho tsa meriana ea boipheliso li bontša hore ka linako tse ling ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Inthanete ka nako e '

2) Mekhoa e metle ea ho ipholla litho tsa botona le botšehali (2016) - Ke ngaka ea mafu a kelello ea Fora eo e leng mopresidente oa hajoale oa European Federation of Sexology. Pampiri ena e bua ka phihlelo ea hae ea meriana le banna ba 35 ba ileng ba etsa ho se sebetse ha erectile le / kapa anorgasmia, le mekhoa ea hae ea phekolo ea ho ba thusa. Mongoli o re bakuli ba bangata ba ne ba sebelisa litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso, 'me ba bangata ba lemaletse litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Lintlha tse sa hlakileng tsa bootsoa ba Inthanete e le sesosa se ka sehloohong sa mathata. 19 ea banna ba 35 e bone liphetoho tse kholo tsa ts'ebetso ea thobalano. Banna ba bang ba ile ba tsoa kalafo kapa ba ntse ba leka ho hlaphoheloa. Litlhaloso tse latelang:

Tlhahiso: Ha e kotsi ebile e thusa ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng o tloaelehileng, ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ka mokhoa oa eona o feteletseng le o hlaheletseng, o atisang ho amahanngoa le lithethefatsi tse hlephisang boitšoaro kajeno, hangata ho hlokomolohuoa tlhahlobo ea thobalano ea ho se sebetse ka thobalano eo e ka e kenyang.

Liphetho: Liphetho tsa mantlha bakeng sa bakuli bana, kamora kalafo ea ho "tlohela" mekhoa ea bona ea ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali le ho lemalla litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro hangata, lia khothatsa ebile lia ts'episa. Phokotso ea matšoao e fumanoe ho bakuli ba 19 ho ba 35. Likotsi li ile tsa mpefala mme bakuli bana ba khona ho natefeloa ke thobalano.

Qetello: ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali, hangata ho tsamaisana le ho itšetleha ka ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​ho 'nile ha bonoa ho phetha karolo ea ho etsa lintho tse itseng tsa mofuta o itseng oa ho se sebetse ha erectile kapa ho ba le molekane oa lenyalo. Ke habohlokoa ho hlokomelisa ka mokhoa o hlophisitsoeng ho ba teng ha mekhoa ena ho e-na le ho sebetsana le ho hlahlojoa ka ho felisoa, ho kenyelletsa mekhoa ea ho senya tloaelo ea ho rarolla mathata ana.

3) Masturbatory e sa tloaelehang e itlhahisa e le ntho ea tlhaho ea botsofali tabeng ea ho hlahlojoa le phekolo ea ho se sebetse ka thobalano ho banna bahlankana (2014) - E 'ngoe ea lipatlisiso tsa lipampiri tsa 4 tsa pampiri ena e tlaleha ka monna ea nang le mathata a ho kopanela liphate a hlahisang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (tlase libido, fetishes, anorgasmia). Tšebelisano ea thobalano e ne e hloka ho qoba beke ea 6 ho tloha litabeng tsa bootsoa le ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali. Ka mor'a likhoeli tsa 8 monna eo o ile a tlaleha takatso e matla ea ho kopanela liphate, ho kopanela liphate ka katleho le botsoalle, le ho thabela "mekhoa e metle ea thobalano. Ena ke tlaleho ea pele ea litlaleho tsa lithaka tsa ho hlaphoheloa ho tloha litabeng tsa thobalano tse bakoang ke ho kopanela liphate. Litemana tse tsoang pampiri:

"Ha a botsoa ka mekhoa e metle, o ile a tlaleha hore nakong e fetileng o ne a ipholla litho ka matla le ka potlako ha a ntse a sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho tloha bocheng. Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro qalong li ne li e-na le boophilia, le ho ba makhoba, ho laola, ho soma le ho mamella masochism, empa qetellong o ile a tloaela lisebelisoa tsena 'me a hloka litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso ea ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​ho akarelletsa thobalano ea thobalano, liketso tsa thobalano le thobalano e mabifi. O ne a tloaetse ho reka lifilimi tse hlephisang boitšoaro tse seng molaong ka liketso tse mabifi tsa thobalano le ho betoa le ho shebella litšoantšo tseo mehopolong ea hae ea ho kopanela liphate le basali. Butle-butle o ile a lahleheloa ke takatso ea hae le bokhoni ba hae ba ho nahana le ho fokotsa nako ea hae ea ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali. "

Ka kakaretso le mananeo a beke le beke le setsebi sa thobalano, mokuli o ne a laetsoe ho qoba ho pepesehela lintho tse amanang le ho kopanela liphate, ho kopanyelletsa livideo, likoranta, libuka le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.

Ka mor'a likhoeli tsa 8, mokuli o ile a tlaleha hore o na le katleho e ntle ea 'mele le ho khahla. O ile a tsosolosa kamano ea hae le mosali eo, 'me butle-butle a atleha ho thabela mekhoa e metle ea thobalano.

4) Ho thata hakaakang ho sebetsana le ho phomola ha nako e khutšoanyane ho latela mohlala oa nakoana oa kelello? Tšoantšiso ea boemo (2017) - Ena ke tlaleho ea "linyeoe tse kopaneng" tse bonts'ang etiology le kalafo bakeng sa ho lieha ho tsoa peo (anorgasmia). "Mokuli B" o ne a emela bahlankana ba 'maloa ba phekoloang ke setsebi. Ho khahlisang ke hore pampiri e re "tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" ea Patient B e ne e se e fetohile lintho tse thata "," joalo ka hangata ". Pampiri eo e re ho amana le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho lieha ho ntša peo ha se ntho e tloaelehileng, 'me hoa eketseha. Sengoli se hloka lipatlisiso tse ling mabapi le litlamorao tsa ts'ebeliso ea thobalano. Ho lieha ho khutla ha mokuli B ho ile ha folisoa kamora libeke tse 10 tsa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro. Litemana tse qotsitsoeng:

Linyeoe ke linyeoe tse ngata tse nkiloeng mosebetsing oa ka ka har'a National Health Service, sepetlele sa Croydon University, London. Ka taba ena (Mokuli B), ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore pontšo e bonahatsa banna ba bangata ba batona ba 'nileng ba fetisetsoa ke li-GP tsa bona ka mokhoa o tšoanang oa ho hlahlojoa. Mokuli B ke lilemo li 19 ea hlahisitseng hobane o ne a sa khone ho ejaculate ka tsela ea ho kena. Ha a ne a le 13, o ne a atisa ho fumana libaka tsa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ka boeena ka lipatlisiso tsa inthanete kapa ka li-link tseo metsoalle ea hae e mo rometseng eona. O ile a qala ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali bosiu bo bong le bo bong a ntse a phenyekolla fono ea hae setšoantšo ... Haeba a ne a sa ipholla litho, o ne a sitoa ho robala. Litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso tseo a neng a li sebelisa li ne li eketsehile, joalo ka hangata (sheba Hudson-Allez, 2010), e le lintho tse boima (ho se letho le seng molaong) ...

Mokuli B o ne a pepesitsoe litšoantšong tsa thobalano ka litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa lilemo tsa 12 le litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tseo a li sebelisang li ne li eketsehile ho ba makhoba le ho busa ka nako ea 15.

Re ile ra lumela hore a ke ke a hlola a sebelisa litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali. Sena se ne se bolela ho siea fono ea hae ka kamoreng e fapaneng bosiu. Re ile ra lumela hore o tla ipholla litho ka tsela e fapaneng ....

Mokuli B o ile a khona ho finyella li-orgasm ka ho kenella ka lenaneo la bohlano; liboka li fanoa bosiu bo bong le bo bong ka Sepetlele sa Croydon University e le hore lenaneo la bohlano le lekane ho ea ho libeke tse ka bang 10 ho tloha lipuisano. O ne a thabile a bile a imolohile haholo. Ka mor'a ho latela likhoeli tse tharo ho latela Mokuli B, lintho li ntse li tsamaea hantle.

Mokuli B ha a na taba e le 'ngoe feela har'a National Health Service (NHS)' me ha e le hantle banna ba bacha ka kakaretso ba fihlella kalafo ea kelello, ntle le balekane ba bona, ba itlhalosa ho fetola maikutlo.

Ka hona sehlooho sena se tšehetsa lipatlisiso tsa khale tse amanang le mokhoa oa ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ho ho se sebetse ka thobalano le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho mokhoa oa ho ikhotsofatsa. Sehlooho sena se qetella ka ho fana ka maikutlo a hore katleho ea litsebi tsa kelello tsa ho kopanela liphate ho sebetsana le DE ha e fumanehe hangata libukeng tsa thuto, e leng se lumellang maikutlo a DE hore e be boloetse bo boima ba ho phekola e ntse e le ho sa hlokahale. Sehlooho sena se hloka hore lipatlisiso li sebelisoe ka mokhoa oa ho sheba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro le phello ea eona ka ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali.

5) Boemo ba boemo bo botle ba kelello: Ho Ithuta ka Tlhahlobo (2014) - Lintlha li senola nyeoe ea anejaculation e amanang le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Phihlelo ea monna feela ea thobalano pele ho lenyalo e ne e le ho lula a ipholla litho tsa thobalano - moo a neng a khona ho natefisa. O boetse a tlaleha hore likamano tsa botona le botšehali ha li khahlise batho ho feta ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ho isa ho thobalano. Karolo ea bohlokoa ea tlhahisoleseling ke hore "boikoetliso bocha" le psychotherapy li ile tsa sitoa ho folisa ho ikhula ha hae. Ha lipuisano tseo li sa atlehe, lingaka li khothaletsa thibelo e felletseng ea thobalano mabapi le thobalano. Qetellong thibelo ena e ile ea fella ka katleho ea ho kopanela likobo le ho nyaloa le molekane ka lekhetlo la pele bophelong ba hae. Lits'oants'o tse 'maloa:

A ke mohlankana ea lilemo li 33 ea nyetsoeng ka mokhoa oa ho ratana le batho ba bong bo fapaneng, setsebi sa metse e meholo ea moruo le moruo. Ha a e-s'o kopanele liphate pele ho lenyalo. O ne a sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa 'me a ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali hangata Tsebo ea hae ka thobalano le thobalano e ne e lekane. Ka mor'a lenyalo la hae, Monghali A o ile a hlalosa libido ea hae e le ntho e tloaelehileng, empa hamorao a fokotsa sekolo ho ea ho mathata a hae. Ho sa tsotellehe mehato e fokolang ea metsotso ea 30-45, o ne a e-s'o khone ho ejaculate kapa ho finyella orgasm nakong ea thobalano le mosali oa hae.

Seo se sa sebetsang:

Meriana ea Monghali A e ne e lekanyelitsoe; clomipramine le bupropion li ile tsa khaotsa, 'me sertraline e ne e bolokiloe ka tekanyo ea 150 mg ka letsatsi. Litšebeletso tsa phekolo le banyalani bana li ne li tšoaroa beke le beke likhoeli tse seng kae tse qalang, ka mor'a moo li neng li aroloa ka makhetlo a mabeli le hamorao khoeli le khoeli. Litlhahiso tse tobileng tse kang ho tsepamisa mohopolo litabeng tsa thobalano le ho shebana le phihlelo ea thobalano ho e-na le ho fokotsa ejaculation ho sebelisitsoe ho fokotsa ts'ebetso ho tšoenyeha le ho shebella. Kaha mathata a ile a tsoela pele ho sa tsotellehe mehato ena, phekolo e matla ea thobalano e ne e nkoa.

Qetellong ba ile ba theha thibelo e feletseng ea ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali (e leng ho bolelang hore o tsoelapele ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali nakong e ka holimo e ileng ea hlōleha):

Thibelo ea mofuta leha e le ofe oa thobalano o ne o bontsitsoe. Mekhoa ea ho shebella boikutlo bo tsoelang pele (pele e ne e se litho tsa malapa le qetellong ea thobalano) e ile ea qala. Monghali A o hlalosa ho se khone ho ba le tekanyo e ts'oanang ea ts'oaetso nakong ea thobalano e ts'oanang le ha a bapisoa le seo a ileng a se etsa nakong ea ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali. Hang ha thibelo ea ho ipholla litho tsa botona le botšehali e qobelloa, o ile a tlaleha takatso e matla ea ho kopanela liphate le molekane oa hae.

Ka mor'a nako e sa tsejoeng, thibelo ea ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali e lebisa katlehong:

Ho sa le joalo, Monghali A le mosali oa hae ba nkile qeto ea ho ea pele ka theknoloji e thusang tsa ho beleha (ART) mme ba kenella hare ho potoloha ka makhetlo a mabeli. Nakong ea thuto, Monghali o ile a nqeta ka lekhetlo la pele, kamora moo a ileng a khona ho tsoella ka mokhoa o khotsofatsang nakong ea likamano tse ngata tsa thobalano tsa banyalani.

6) Mohlala oa Taolo ea Bobeli - Karolo ea ho Thibela ho Kopanela Liphate le Ho Nyahama Thobalanong ea Thobalano le Boitšoaro (2007) - E ncha hape e fumanehang hape e kholisang. Ha ho etsoa liteko tse sebelisang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​50% ea banna bahlankana ba ne ba sitoa ho tsosoa kapa ho finyella litlhaloso le Litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (lilemong tsa bobeli li ne li le 29). Bafuputsi ba tsositseng ba fumana hore ho se sebetse ha banna ho erectile ho ne ho le joalo,

tse amanang le maemo a phahameng a ho hlahella le ho ba le phihlelo ka lintho tse hlalosang thobalano.

Banna ba nang le ho se sebetse ha eretile ba ne ba qetile nako e ngata ba le libakeng tsa ho hlapela moo libaka tsa bobebe li neng li "hohle hohle, "Le"ho bapala kamehla.”Bafuputsi ba itse:

Lipuisano le lihlooho li ile tsa matlafatsa khopolo ea rona hore ho ba bang ba bona ba bangata ba bona hore ho ba le tšusumetso e matla ea maikutlo ho bonahala eka ho entse hore ho be le boikarabelo bo tlase ba "vanilla" le ho ba le tlhoko e eketsehileng ea ho fetoha le ho fetoha, maemong a mang ho kopane le tlhokahalo e tobileng haholo mefuta ea ts'oaetso e le hore e tsohe.

7) Ho hlahloba kamano pakeng tsa ho tsieleha ha maikutlo nakong ea nako ea nako ea nako le tšebeliso ea lits'ebeletso tse hlalosang thobalano, litlamorao tsa ho kopanela liphate, le likhathatso tsa thobalano ho bacha ba baholo (2009) - Phuputso ena e hlahlobile likamano lipakeng tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (lisebelisoa tsa thobalano - SEM) le likotsi tsa thobalano, le ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa nakong ea "latency period" (lilemo tse 6-12) le likotsi tsa thobalano. Karolelano ea lilemo tsa barupeluoa e ne e le 22. Le ha tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e tsamaellana le likotsi tsa thobalano, Litšoantšo tsa bootsoa nakong ea latency (lilemo tse ling 6-12) li na le kamano e matla le ho feta ka thobalano. Litlhaloso tse 'maloa:

Liphuputso li fana ka maikutlo a hore ho ferekana ha nako ea ho itšehla thajana ka mokhoa oa ho bua ka ho kopanela liphate (SEM) le / kapa tlhekefetso ea bana ka thobalano ho ka amahanngoa le boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate ka inthaneteng.

Ho feta moo, liphello li bonts'itse hore tlhahiso ea SEM ea latency e ne e le khethollo ea bohlokoa ea liketso tsa ho kopanela liphate tse kholo.

Re ne re nahana hore ho pepeseha ha SEM habonolo ho ka bolela esale pele hore batho ba baholo ba sebelisa SEM. Liphuputso tsa lithuto li tšehetsa khopolo ea rona, 'me li bonts'a hore tlhahiso ea SEM ea latency e ne e le ts'ebetso ea bohlokoa ea ho sebelisa SEM e moholo. Sena se ile sa fana ka maikutlo a hore batho ba neng ba pepesehetse SEM ka nako ea latency, ba ka 'na ba tsoela pele boits'oaro bona ho ba batho ba baholo. Lipatlisiso tsa lithuto li bontšitse hore tlhahiso ea SEM ea latency e ne e le mokhoa oa bohlokoa oa mekhoa e metle ea ho kopanela liphate ho batho ba baholo.

8) Li-Neural Correlates tsa Liketso Tsa ho Kopanela Liphate Tsa Batho ba Kopanetsoeng ka ho Kopanela Liphate ho Batho ba nang le Likhatello tsa Botona le Botšehali ka ho Kopanela Liphate (le 2014) - Phuputso ena ea fMRI ea Univesithi ea Cambridge e fumane ts'ehetso ho batho ba lemaletseng litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​e leng se bonts'ang khothatso ho batho ba lemaletseng lithethefatsi. E boetse e fumane hore makhoba a litšoantšo tsa bootsoa a tšoana le mofuta o amohelehang oa tahi ea ho e batla "ho feta", empa eseng e rata "eona" ho feta. Bafuputsi ba boetse ba tlaleha hore litaba tsa 60% (lilemong tsa karolelano: 25) li na le bothata ba ho finyella litšebeletso / ho tsosoa le balekane ba sebele ka lebaka la ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ho tsoa thutong ("CSB" ke mekhoa ea ho kopanela liphate e qobelloang):

Lihlooho tsa CSB li tlalehile hore ka lebaka la ts'ebeliso e fetelletseng ea lisebelisoa tsa thobalano… .. [ba] na le boiphihlelo bo fokotsehileng ba "libido" kapa "erectile" ka kotlolloho likamanong tsa basali le basali (leha e se ka kamano ea thobalano)…

Ha li bapisoa le baithaopi ba phetseng hantle, lihlooho tsa CSB li ne li e-na le takatso e matla ea ho kopanela liphate kapa e batlang ho hlahisa lipolelo tse hlakileng le ho ba le likarolo tse kholo tsa likarolo tse fapaneng, kahoo li bontša phapang lipakeng tsa ho batla le ho li rata. Lihlooho tsa CSB le tsona li ne li e-na le mathata a mangata a ts'oaetso ea thobalano le mathata a erectile likamano tse haufi-ufi empa eseng ka lihlahisoa tse hlakileng tsa thobalano tse totobatsang hore takatso e matlafetseng ea likarolo e ne e totobetse ho tsebiso e hlakileng le e sa hlahisoang ke takatso ea thobalano.

9) Mesebetsi ea ho kopanela liphate ka Inthaneteng: Ho ithuta ka ho hlahloba mathata le ho se sebetsane le mekhoa e sebelisoang ho batho ba bang (2016) - Phuputso ena ea Belgian ho tsoa univesithing e etelletseng pele ea lipatlisiso e fumanoeng e na le bothata ba tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng e ne e amahanngoa le ts'ebetso e fokotsehileng ea erectile le ho fokotsa khotsofalo ea thobalano. Empa basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba na le litakatso tse kholo (joalo ka ha ho tlalehiloe liphuputsong tse ling tse ngata). Phuputso e bonahala e tlaleha keketseho, kaha banna ba 49% ba ne ba sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa "e ne e sa thahasellise ho bona pele kapa hore e ne e nkoa e nyonyeha. "(Bona lithuto tsa ho tlaleha litloaelo tsa boitšoaro bo hlephisang boitšoaro le litlhoko tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.) Litemana tse latelang:

Phuputso ena ke ea pele ea ho etsa lipatlisiso ka kotloloho likamano lipakeng tsa mathata a thobalano le ho nka karolo ho nang le mathata ho li-OSA. Liphello li bontšitse hore takatso e phahameng ea thobalano, khotsofalo e tlase ea thobalano, le ts'ebetso e tlase ea erectile li ne li amahanngoa le li-OSA tse nang le mathata (liketso tsa thobalano inthaneteng). Liphetho tsena li ka hokahanngoa le tsa lithuto tsa pejana tse tlalehang boemo bo phahameng ba ho tsoha kamanong le matšoao a bokhoba ba thobalano (Bancroft & Vukadinovic, 2004; Laier et al., 2013; Muise et al., 2013).

Ba bang ba mashome a mane a metso e robong ba boletse ka linako tse ling ka linako tse ling ba batla litaba tsa thobalano kapa ba kenye letsoho ho li-OSA tseo pele li neng li sa li thahasellise kapa hore li nka ho nyonyeha, 'me 61.7% e boletse hore bonyane ka linako tse ling li-OSA li amahanngoa le lihlong kapa maikutlo a molato.

10) Bacha le bootsoa ba websaeteng: nako e ncha ea ho kopanela liphate (2015) - Phuputso ena ea Mataliana e ile ea sekaseka litlamorao tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng ho batho ba baholo sekolong se phahameng. E ngotsoe hammoho ke moprofesa oa urology Carlo Pele, mopresidente oa Mokhatlo oa Italy oa Pathophysiology ea Bokhachane. Ntho e thahasellisang ka ho fetisisa ke hore 16% ea ba jang litšoantšo tse ts'oanang hampe ka beke ba tlaleha takatso e sa tloaelehang ea ho kopanela liphate ha e bapisoa le 0% ho bao e seng bareki (le 6% bakeng sa ba jang litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso ea boitšoaro bo bobe ho feta hang ka beke). Ho tsoa thutong:

21.9% e hlalosa e le tloaelo, 10% e tlaleha hore e fokotsa thahasello ea thobalano ho balekane ba bophelo ba sebele, le ba setseng, 9.1% ba tlaleha mofuta oa tahi. Ho phaella moo, 19% ea batho bohle ba shebanang le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba tlaleha hore ba kopanela liphate ka mokhoa o sa tloaelehang, ha peresente e phahame ho 25.1% har'a basebelisi ba kamehla.

11) Matšoao a mamello ka mofuta oa ho kopanela liphate Ho emela: Tlhahlobo ea Tlhahlobo e Ntle ea Liketsahalo tsa banna ba 115 (2015) - Phuputso ho banna (karolelano ea lilemo tse 41.5) ba nang le mathata a bosodoma, joalo ka paraphilias, ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ho sa foleng kapa bofebe. Banna ba 27 ba ne ba khetholloa e le "ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali," ho bolelang hore ba ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali (hangata ka tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa) hora e le 'ngoe kapa ho feta ka letsatsi, kapa lihora tse fetang 7 ka beke. 71% ea banna ba neng ba lula ba ipholla litho tsa botona le botšehali ba tlaleha mathata a ts'ebetso ea thobalano, ha 33% e tlaleha ho lieha ho tsoa peo (selelekela sa ED). Ke bothata bofe ba thobalano boo 38% ea banna ba setseng ba nang le bona? Boithuto ha bo bolele, mme bangoli ba hlokomolohile likopo tse phetoang khafetsa bakeng sa lintlha. Likhetho tse peli tsa mantlha tsa ho se sebetse ka thobalano ke ho se sebetse ha erectile le libido e tlase. Re lokela ho hlokomela hore banna bao ha baa ka ba botsoa ka ts'ebetso ea bona ea erectile ntle le bootsoa. Hona, haeba liketso tsa bona tsa thobalano li kenyelletsa ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali, eseng thobalano le molekane, ba ka 'na ba se ke ba hlokomela hore ba na le litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso ea ho kopanela liphate ED. (Ka mabaka a tsejoang ke eena feela, Prause o qotsa pampiri ena e le ho nyatsa boteng ba litlokotsi tsa ho kopanela liphate tse bakoang ke ho kopanela liphate.)

12) Bophelo ba Botho ba ho Kopanela Liphate le ho Khutlela ho Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa. Taba e Ncha? (2015) - Litlhaloso tse hlahang:

Litsebi tsa bophelo bo botle ba kelello li lokela ho nahanisisa ka liphello tse ka hlahisoang ke litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho banna ba itšoereng ka thobalano, mathata a thobalano le maikutlo a mang a amanang le thobalano. Litšoantšong tsa bootsoa tsa nako e telele li bonahala eka li etsa liketso tsa ho kopanela liphate, haholo-holo ha motho a sa khone ho finyella sekhahla le molekane oa hae. Motho ea sebelisang boholo ba bophelo ba hae ba ho kopanela liphate ka ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ha a ntse a shebella litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso ea boitšoaro bo hlephileng, o susumelletsa bokhoni ba hae ho buisana ka ho kopanela liphate (Doidge, 2007) e le hore haufinyane o hloka ho ts'oara maikutlo ho fihlela lipapali.

Matšoao a mangata a fapaneng a ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​joalo ka tlhoko ea ho kenyelletsa molekane oa hau ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​ho thatafalloa ho fihlella setšoantšo sa bootsoa, ​​tlhokahalo ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro e le ho fetola mathata a thobalano. Litloaelo tsena tsa thobalano li ka 'na tsa tsoela pele ka likhoeli kapa lilemo' me e ka 'na ea e-ba kelellong le' meleng e amanang le ho se sebetse ha erectile, le hoja e se ho se sebetse ha manyolo. Ka lebaka la pherekano ena, e hlahisang lihlong, lihlong le ho latola, banna ba bangata ba hana ho kopana le setsebi

Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li fana ka mekhoa e bonolo haholo ho fumana menyaka ntle le ho fana ka mabaka a mang a amang likamano tsa botona le botšehali ho latela histori ea moloko oa batho. Boko bo hlahisa mokhoa o mong oa ho kopanela liphate o sa kenyelletsang "motho e mong oa sebele" ho tloha equation. Ho feta moo, ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ka nako e telele ho etsa hore banna ba be le mathata a mangata ha ba fumana ho ba teng ha balekane ba bona.

13) Liphello tsa lisebelisoa tse hlalosang thobalano li sebelisoa likamanong tsa lerato (2016) - Joaloka liphuputso tse ling tse ngata, basebelisi ba bootsoa ba le mong ba tlaleha kamano e futsanehileng le khotsofalo ea thobalano Ho se sebelisa Litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso (PCES), phuputso e fumane hore ts'ebeliso e phahameng ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e amana le ts'ebetso e mpe ea thobalano, mathata a mangata a thobalano le "bophelo bo bobe ba thobalano." Tlhaloso e hlalosang kamano pakeng tsa PCES "Liphello Tse Mpe" lipotsong tsa "Bophelo ba Thobalano" le makhetlo a ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa:

Ho ne ho se na phapang e khōlō bakeng sa Phello e Ntle ea Ponahalo ea PCES ho pholletsa le makhetlo a ho sebelisa lintho tse hlalosang thobalano; Leha ho le joalo, ho ne ho e-na le phapang e khōlō ho Phello ea Bophelo ba Sex Life moo basebetsi ba High Frequency Porn ba tlalehileng liphello tse mpe ho feta basebelisi ba Low Frequency Porn.

14) Boemo bo fetotsoeng ba ho ba le takatso ea ho ba le takatso ea ho ba le takatso ea ho ba le takatso ea ho kopanela liphate (2016) - "Likhatello tsa Thobalano tse Qobelloang" (CSB) e bolela hore banna bao e ne e le makhoba a litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​hobane lihlooho tsa CSB li ne li sebelisa lihora tse ka bang 20 tsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka beke. Tsamaiso e ne e le karolelano ea metsotso e 29 ka beke. Ho khahlisang ke hore lihlooho tse 3 ho tse 20 tsa CSB tse boletsoeng ho ba botsang lipotso ke hore li na le "orgasmic-erection disorder," athe ha ho le e 'ngoe ea lihlooho tsa taolo e tlalehileng mathata a thobalano.

15) Matla a Bokooa le Mokhoa o Sebetsang Ho Sebelisana le Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Tšebeliso: Brain ka Porn (2014) - Phuputso ena ea Max Planck e fumane liphetoho tse kholo tsa 3 tse amanang le bokhoba ba tahi tse amanang le bongata ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. E boetse e fumane hore litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li ja moputso o fokolang oa mosebetsi oa potoloho ka lebaka la ho pepeseha ha nakoana (.530 motsotsoana) ho litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa vanilla. Ka sengoloa sa 2014 sengoli se etelletseng pele Simone Kühn o itse:

Re nka hore litaba tse nang le litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li hloka ho tsosolosoa ho eketsehileng ho amohela moputso o lekanang. Seo se ka bolela hore ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro kamehla e senya tsamaiso ea hau ea moputso. Seo se ne se tla lumellana hantle le khopolo ea hore mekhatlo ea bona ea moputso e hloka ho tsosolosoa.

Tlhaloso ea mahlale a thuto ena ho tsoa tlhahlobisong ea lingoliloeng ke Kuhn & Gallinat - Motheo oa "Neurobiological Hypersexuality" (2016):

Lihora tse ngata li tlalehile ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​tse nyane haholo karabo ea BOLD ka putamen e letšehali ho arabela litšoantšong tsa thobalano. Ho feta moo, re fumane hore lihora tse ngata tse qeta ho shebella litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso li ne li amahanngoa le taba e nyenyane ea bohlooho bo bongata ba striatum, haholo-holo ka ho nepahetseng ho fihlella sethalong sa ventral. Re nahanisisa ka hore boko bo sebetsang ka boko bo ka 'na ba bonahatsa liphello tsa ho mamelleha ka mor'a ho fokotsa ts'oaetso ho thobalano.

16) Takatso ea ho kopanela liphate, eseng bosodoma, e amana le likarabo tsa li-neurophysiological tse hlalositsoeng ke litšoantšo tsa thobalano (2013) - Thuto ena ea EEG e ile ea etsoa mecheng ea litaba e le bopaki khahlanong ho ba teng ha lithethefatsi tse hlephisang boitšoaro. Ha ho joalo. Tumellanong le boko ba Univesithi ea Cambridge bo hlahlobisisa lithuto, tlhahlobo ena ea EEG e tlalehile ho hoholoanyane ho ts'oaroang ke litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse amanang le Nyane takatso ea thobalano e arohaneng. Ho beha tsela e 'ngoe - batho ba nang le ts'ebetso e eketsehileng ea boko le litakatso tsa bootsoa ba ka mpa ba ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ho feta ho robala le motho oa' nete. Ho makatsang, 'muelli oa boithuto Prause o itse basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba na le "libido tse phahameng", empa liphetho tsa thuto li re e fapaneng ka ho toba (takatso ea bona ea ho kopanela liphate e kopanetsoeng e theohile ka lipontšo tsa ho lemala). Litokomane tse tšeletseng tse hlahlojoang ke lithaka li hlalosa 'nete: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. (Bona YBOP e kholo e hlasela bakeng sa lintlha.)

17) Ho feto-fetoha ha molumo oa menyetla e metle ea morao-rao ka litšoantšo tsa thobalano ho basebelisi ba mathata le taolo e sa lumellaneng le "Tlhekefetso ea Litšoantšo" (2015) - Phuputso e 'ngoe ea Prause EEG, lekhetlong lena e bapisa lihlooho tsa 2013 ho tsoa thutong e kaholimo ho sehlopha sa nnete sa taolo. Liphetho: ha li bapisoa le taolo, "makhoba a litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" a bile le tsona Nyane ho arabela ka motsotsoana o mong ho lifoto tsa pornography ea vanilla. Mongoli oa moeta-pele Prause o ile a re liphello tsa debunk li lemalla lithethefatsi. Leha ho le joalo, liphuputso tsena li lumellana hantle le Kühn le Gallinat (2014), e fumaneng hore litšoantšo tse ling tsa bootsoa li tsamaisana le ts'ebetso e tlase ea boko ho arabela litšoantšo tsa litšoantšo tsa porno tsa vanilla. Ka mantsoe a bonolo, basebelisi ba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro khafetsa ba ne ba sa rate litšoantšo tse litšila tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa vanilla. Ba ne ba jeoa ke bolutu (ba tloaetse kapa ba sa rate). Litokomane tse supileng tse hlahlojoang ke lithaka lia lumela hore thuto ena e hlile e fumane ho hloka boithati kapa tloaelo (bopaki ba ho lemalla ho ka bang teng) ho basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa khafetsa: 1, 2, 3, 4. 5, 6, 7. (Hape sheba sena YBOP e batsi haholo.) Ebile, thuto e 'ngoe ea EEG o fumane hape hore litšoantšo tse ngata tse ts'oanang tsa bootsoa li sebelisoa ho basali ba amanang le bokooa ba bokooa.

18) Ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali le litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro Sebelisa Har'a Batho ba Kopanetsoeng ba Kopanela Liphate ka Hore ba Kopanele Liphate Tse Fokolang: Ke Makhetlo a Mangata a ho Ipholla litho Tsa botona kapa Botšehali? (2015) - Ho ipholla litho tsa botona le botšehali ho amana le ho fokotsa takatso ea thobalano le kamano e tlase ea kamano. Litemana tse qotsitsoeng:

Har'a banna ba neng ba ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali hangata, 70% ba ne ba sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa bonyane hang ka beke. Tlhahlobo e matlafatsang e bontšitse hore ho ba le takatso ea ho kopanela liphate, litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro hangata li sebelisoa, le kamano e tlase ea kamano ea kamano e ntle le kamano e haufi-ufi le eona e ekelitse mathata a ho tlaleha litloaelo tsa botona kapa botšehali hangata har'a banna ba nang le takatso ea thobalano.

Har'a banna [ba nang le takatso ea ho kopanela liphate] ba ileng ba sebelisa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro bonyane hanngoe ka beke [ho 2011], 26.1% e tlalehile hore ba sitoa ho laola litšoantšo tsa bona tsa bootsoa. Ho phaella moo, banna ba 26.7% ba tlaleha hore tšebeliso ea bona ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso e ile ea ama likamano tsa bona tsa botona le botšehali tse fapaneng 'me 21.1% ba bolela hore ba lekile ho khaotsa ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.

19) Tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ka mohlala o sa tloaelehang oa banyalani ba Norway ba nyalanang le basali (2009) - Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li amahanngoa le mathata a mangata a thobalano ka pono ea banna le e fosahetseng ea basali. Banyalani ba neng ba sa sebelise litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba ne ba sena mathata a thobalano. Litlhaloso tse 'maloa tsa thuto:

Banyalani bao molekane a le mong feela a neng a sebelisa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, re fumane mathata a mangata a amanang le ho tsosoa (banna) le bobe (bo-'mè) boithati.

Banyalani bao molekane a le mong a neng a sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho ne ho e-na le boemo ba ho itlosa bolutu bo holimo. Ka nako e ts'oanang, banyalani bana ba ne ba bonahala ba na le mathata a mangata.

Banyalani ba neng ba sa sebelise litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro… ba ka nkuoa e le ba setso ho feta khopolo ea lingoloa tsa thobalano. Ka nako e ts'oanang, ho ne ho bonahala eka ha ba na mathata.

Banyalani bao ka bobeli ba tlalehileng litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ba sebelisitsoe ka mokhoa o motle ho '' boemo ba leholimo ba maikutlo '' 'me ho na le sebopeho se fosahetseng mosebetsing oa' Dysfunctions ''.

20) Ho se sebetse ha Erectile, Boiketlo le Boits'oaro ba Botona le Botšehali har'a Banna ba Kopaneng ba tsoang linaheng tse peli tsa Europe (2015) - Patlisiso e tlalehile kamano e matla lipakeng tsa ho se sebetse ha erectile le mehato ea bosodoma. Phuputso e tlohetse data ea khokahano lipakeng tsa ts'ebetso ea erectile le ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​empa e hlokometse kamano e kholo. Tlhaloso:

Har'a banna ba Macroatia le ba Majeremane, bosodoma e ne e amana haholo le ho bua ka boithati ba ho kopanela liphate le mathata a mangata ka mosebetsi oa erectile.

21) Tlhahlobo ea Inthaneteng ea Botho, Litsebi tsa Maikutlo le Boits'oaro ba Litšebelisano Tsa Thobalano Tse Kopantsoeng le Boitšoaro ba Hypersexual Boithati (2015) - Phuputso e tlaleha sehlooho se tloaelehileng se fumanoang lithutong tse ling tse 'maloa tse thathamisitsoeng mona: Basebelisi ba ts'oaetsanoang ba litlokotsi ba tlaleha ho tsosolosa ho hoholo (litakatso tse amanang le ho lemalla ha bona) ho kopantsoe le ts'ebetso e mpe ea likamano tsa botona le botšehali (tšabo ea ho se sebetse erectile).

Boitšoaro ba "Hypersexual" bo bontša ho se khonehe ho laola boitšoaro ba motho ba thobalano. Ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba botona le botšehali, sampole ea machabeng ea banna le basali ba 510 ba ipitsang ba bong bo fapaneng, ba ratanang le ba bong bo fapaneng ba phethetse betri ea lipotso tse sa tsejoeng tsa inthanete.

Ka hona, boitsebiso bo bontšitse hore boitšoaro ba ho kopanela liphate bo tloaelehile haholo ho banna, 'me ba bolelang hore ba sa le banyenyane lilemong, ba thabile haholo ka thobalano, ba thibela ho kopanela liphate ka lebaka la tsoso ea ts'ebetso ea ho kopanela liphate, ho thibela ho kopanela liphate ka lebaka la tšoso ea liphello tsa ts'ebetso, le ho feta, ho tšoenyeha le ho tepella maikutlong

22) Thuto e bona kamano pakeng tsa bootsoa le ho se sebetse ka thobalano (2017) - Lintho tse fumanoeng thutong e tlang e hlahisitsoeng kopanong ea selemo le selemo ea American Urological Association. Litlhaloso tse 'maloa:

Bahlankana ba ratang litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho fapana le ho kopanela liphate lefatšeng ba ka iphumana ba tšoasitsoe ke leraba, ba sitoa ho etsa thobalano le batho ba bang ha monyetla o itlhahisa, ho tlaleha thuto e ncha. Banna ba lemaletseng litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba na le monyetla oa ho ba le bothata ba ho se sebetse hantle 'me ha ba na monyetla oa ho khotsofatsoa ke thobalano, ho latela liphuputso tse hlahisitsoeng ka Labohlano sebokeng sa selemo le selemo sa Mokhatlo oa Urological Association, Boston.

"Litefiso tsa lisosa tsa manyolo a erectile nakong ea sehlopha sena sa lilemo li fokotsehile haholo, ka hona keketseho ea ho se sebetse ha erectile eo re e boneng ho feta nako bakeng sa sehlopha sena e hloka ho hlalosoa," Christman o itse. "Re lumela hore litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso li ka 'na tsa e-ba karolo e le' ngoe ho puzzle".

23) Mekhoa e kopanetsoeng e pakeng tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le ho fokotsa khotsofalo ea thobalano (2017) Le ha e hokahanya tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho fokotsa khotsofalo ea thobalano, e boetse e tlaleha hore khafetsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e amana le khetho (kapa tlhoko?) Ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho balekane ba thobalano ho fihlela thobalano. Tlhaloso:

Qetellong, re fumane hore hangata litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li amana ka ho toba le motho ea ratang ho kopanela liphate ho e-na le ho rata ho kopanela liphate. Barupeluoa thutong ea hona joale ba ne ba ja haholo litšoantšo tsa bootsoa bakeng sa ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali. Kahoo, sena se ka fumanoa e le pontšo ea phello ea boemo bo botle ba masturbatory (Cline, 1994; Malamuth, 1981; Wright, 2011). Hangata litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li sebelisoa e le sesebelisoa sa ho tsosa litho tsa botona kapa botšehali, ha motho e mong a e-na le bothata ba ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho fapana le mehloli e meng ea ho tsosoa ha thobalano.

24) "Ke nahana hore e bile tšusumetso e mpe ka litsela tse ngata empa ka nako e le nngwe nke ke ka khaotsa ho e sebelisa": Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tse ikhethileng li sebelisa mehlala ea bacha ba Australia (2017) - Patlisiso e fumanehang marang-rang ea Maustralia, ea lilemo li 15-29. Bao ba kileng ba sheba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro (n = 856) ba ile ba botsoa potso e bulehileng: 'Litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li amme bophelo ba hau joang?'

Har'a barupeluoa ba arabelitseng potso e bulehileng (n = 718), tšebeliso e mpe e ne e khetholla ke ba arabelang 88. Barupeluoa ba bang ba ileng ba tlaleha ho sebelisa litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ho ne ho hlahisa liphello likarolong tse tharo. Likarabo li kenyelelitsoe "Ke nahana hore e bile tšusumetso e mpe ka litsela tse ngata empa ka nako e le nngwe nke ke ka khaotsa ho e sebelisa" (Monna, Aged 18-19). Basali ba bang ba barupeluoa ba boetse ba tlaleha hore ba sebelisoa hampe, ba bangata ba tlaleha maikutlo a nyahamisang a kang molato le ho hlajoa ke lihlong, tšusumetso ea takatso ea botona le botšehali le likomello tse amanang le tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Ho etsa mohlala ha morali e mong oa barupeluoa a fana ka tlhahiso; "E etsa hore ke ikutloe ke le molato, 'me ke leka ho emisa. Ha ke rate kamoo ke ikutloang kateng hore kea e hloka hore ke tsamaee, ha e phele hantle. "(Mosali, Moholo oa 18-19)

25) Thuto e hlalosang lithuto tse tlang - ka moprofesa oa Urology Carlo Foresta, mopresidente oa Mokhatlo oa Italy oa Pathophysiology ea Batsoali - Thuto e na le liphetho tsa lithuto tsa longitudinal le cross-sectional. Phuputso e 'ngoe e ne e kenyelletsa phuputso ea bacha ba sekolo se phahameng (maqephe 52-53). Phuputso e tlalehile hore ho se sebetse ka thobalano ho imenne habeli lipakeng tsa 2005 le 2013, ka takatso e tlase ea thobalano e ntse e eketseha ka 600%.

• Palo ea bacha ba nang le liphetoho tsa likamano tsa bona tsa botona le botšehali: 2004 / 05: 7.2%, 2012 / 13: 14.5%
• Peresente ea bacha ba nang le takatso e tlase ea thobalano: 2004/05: 1.7%, 2012/13: 10.3% (ke keketseho ea 600% lilemong tse 8)

Foresta e boetse e hlalosa thuto e tlang, "Tlhekefetso ea litaba tsa thobalano le mefuta e mecha ea mafu a ho kopanela liphate Mohlala oa banna ba 125 ba bacha, lilemo tsa 19-25"(Lebitso la Setaliana -"Sessualità mediatica e nuove form di patologia sessuale Campione 125 giovani maschi"). Liphetho tsa boithuto (maqephe a 77-78), tse sebelisitseng file ea Index ea Machaba ea Erectile Function Questionnaire, o fumane hore basebelisi ba tloaelehileng ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba fumane 50% ka tlaase ho setša sa takatso ea thobalano le 30% e tlaase ea domain erectile e sebetsang.

26) (ha e hlahlojoe ke lithaka) Mona ke ena sehlooho se buang ka tlhahlobo e pharaletseng ea maikutlo le lipotso tse ngotsoeng ho MedHelp mabapi le ho se sebetse ha erectile. Se tsosang ke hore 58% ea banna ba kōpang thuso e ne e le 24 kapa e monyenyane. Batho ba bangata ba belaella hore litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba Inthanete li ka ameha joaloka e hlalositsoeng liphellong tse tsoang ho thuto -

Mantsoe a tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa ke "ho se sebetse hantle" - ho boletsoeng ka makhetlo a mararo ka makhetlo a mangata ho feta poleloana leha e le efe - "latelloang ke" litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso ea bootsoa, â € " .â €

Ho totobetse hore litšoantšo tse ts'oanang le tsa bootsoa li atisa ho tšohloa: "Ke 'nile ka sheba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro Inthaneteng hangata (4 ho isa ho 5 ka linako tse ling ka beke) lilemo tse fetileng tsa 6, â €" monna e mong o ngola. "Ke bohareng ba 20 mme ke na le bothata ba ho ts'oara le ho boloka ts'ehetso le balekane ba thobalano ho tloha ha ke le lilemo li 20 ha ke qala ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa."

SLIDE 25

Joalokaha Dr. Foresta a bolela, "E qala ka maikutlo a tlase ho libaka tsa bootsoa. Joale ho ba le lerotholi la libido ka kakaretso, 'me qetellong ho ba thata ho fumana erection. ”

Li-take-off tsa 3 ho tloha ho sena:

1. Ntlha ea pele, Foresta e hlalosa mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa ho lemalla lithethefatsi: ts'ebetso ea morao-rao ea potoloho ea moputso.
2. Ntlha ea bobeli, litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba Inthanete li fapane ka tsela e fapaneng naga. Boholo, ED bocha ha bo e-s'o bonoe pele.
3. Kamora nako, ED hangata ke lona feela letšoao le hlokomelang banna bana. Potso ke hore, "Ke matšoao afe a sa bonahaleng hantle ao ba a bonang?" Boholo ha bo utloisise seo ho fihlela ba tlohetse.

-Hona ke moshemane ea lilemo li mashome a mabeli:

TŠEBELETSO EA SEHLOOHO:

Dr. Carlo Foresta ke moprofesa oa urology, morao tjena Mopresidente oa Mokhatlo oa Italy oa Pathophysiology ea Boroko, le mongoli oa lithuto tse ling tsa thuto ea 300. Lihlooho tse latelang li tšehetsa lipolelo tse ka holimo:

• Kopanya ho e 'ngoe ea lihlooho tsa Senyesemane tsa pele
• Kopanya ho e 'ngoe ea lihlooho tsa pele tsa Mataliana tse hlalositsoeng
• Kopana le blog ea Setaliana ho patlisiso

Hape, liphuputso tsa Dr. Foresta li ne li tsamaellana le morekisi oa mafu a kelello Norman Doidge's 2007 Boko bo Itšusumetsang, e leng hape e hlalositseng ho mamella (ho hloka taolo) le keketseho ea ED ea bocha. Tlhaloso e nepahetseng ea khaolo ea 5:

Liphetoho tseo ke li boneng ha li felle feela ho batho ba 'maloa kalafong. Phetoho ea sechaba e ea etsahala. Le ha hangata ho le thata ho fumana leseli mabapi le litakatso tsa thobalano tsa poraefete, ha ho joalo ka litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro kajeno, hobane ts'ebeliso ea eona e ntse e eketseha sechabeng. Phetoho ena e tsamaisana le phetoho ho tloha ho e bitseng "litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro" ho ea ho polelo e tloaelehileng "litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" Bakeng sa buka ea hae ka bophelo ba khamphase ea Amerika, Ke Charlotte Simmons, Tom Wolfe o qetile lilemo tse ngata a shebile baithuti likhamphaseng tsa univesithi. Bukeng ea moshemane e mong, Ivy Peters, o kena ka ntlong ea banna mme o re, "Ho na le motho ea nang le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa?"

Wolfe o tsoela pele, “Ena e ne e se kopo e sa tloaelehang. Bashemane ba bangata ba ne ba bua pepeneneng ka moo ba iphollang litho tsa botona kapa botšehali bonyane hanngoe ka letsatsi, joalokaha eka ke tsela e bohlale ea ho boloka tsamaiso ea bosodoma. ” E mong oa bashemane o re ho Ivy Peters, “Leka mokatong oa boraro. Ba na le limakasine tse ka letsohong le leng holimo moo. ” Empa Peters oa araba, “Ke hahile mamello ho limakasine… ke hloka livideo. ” Moshanyana e mong o re, “Oh, f'r Chrissake, IP, ke hora ea leshome bosiu. Ka hora e 'ngoe li-cum dumpsters li tla qala ho tla mona ho tla qeta bosiu…' Me u ntse u batla livideo tsa bootsoa le mokokotlo. " Eaba Ivy o “honyetsa 'me o phahamisa liatla tsa hae joalokaha eka o re,' Ke batla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Taba ea bohlokoa ke efe? '”

Ntho e khōlō ke ea hae mamello. Oa hlokomela hore o tšoana le lekhoba la lithethefatsi le seng le ke ke la hlola le phahama litšoantšong tse kileng tsa mo bulela. Kotsi ke hore mamello ena e tla fetela likamanong, joalo ka ha e entse ho bakuli bao ke neng ke ba bona, e lebisang mathateng a potency le tse ncha, ka linako tse ling li sa rateheng. Ha litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li ithorisa ka hore li sututsa enfelopo ka ho hlahisa lihlooho tse ncha, tse thata, seo ba sa se buang ke hore ba tlameha, hobane bareki ba bona ba theha mamello ea litaba. Maqephe a morao-rao a limakasine tsa banna tse kotsi le libaka tsa bootsoa tsa inthanete li tletse lipapatso bakeng sa lithethefatsi tsa mofuta oa Viagra-meriana e etselitsoeng banna ba baholo ba nang le mathata a erectile a amanang le botsofali le methapo ea mali e koetsoeng botoneng. Kajeno bahlankana ba palamang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba tšaba haholo ho hloka matla, kapa "ho se sebetse ha erectile" joalo ka ha ho tumme ka lebitso. Polelo e khelosang e bolela hore banna bana ba na le bothata lithong tsa bona tsa botona, empa bothata bo lihloohong tsa bona, 'mapeng oa bona oa likamano tsa botona le botšehali. Botona bo sebetsa hantle ha ba sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ha se hangata ho ba hlahelang hore ho ka ba le kamano lipakeng tsa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tseo ba li jang le ho hloka matla. (Leha ho le joalo, banna ba 'maloa ba ile ba hlalosa lihora tsa bona liwebsaeteng tsa bootsoa e le nako eo ba e qetileng "ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali."

Joalokaha ho hlalositsoe ka Slide 23 YBOP e bokelitse litlaleho tse ling tsa 5,000 tseo banna (le basali ba fokolang) ba ileng ba felisa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le ho folisa likotsi tse sa foleng tsa thobalano.

• Ho tsosolosa leqephe la litlaleho tsa likhaolo 1
• Ho tsosolosa leqephe la litlaleho tsa likhaolo 2
• Litaba tsa ho khutlisa ED 1
• Litaba tsa ho khutlisa ED 2
• Litaba tsa ho khutlisa ED 3
• Litaba tsa ho khutlisa ED 4
• Litaba tsa ho khutlisa ED 5
• Litaba tsa ho khutlisa ED 6
• Litaba tsa ho khutlisa ED 7
• Litaba tsa ho khutlisa ED 8

Liforamu tsa ho hlaphoheloa ha litšoantšo tsa bootsoa - Likarolo tse nehetsoeng liketsong tse amanang le thobalano:

• Boko ba Hao boa Tsosolosoa - Erectile Dysfunction / Ejaculation e liehang (Posts 51,000)
• Reboot Nation - Litšoaneleho li Etsa Hore Erectile e se ke ea e-ba teng / Ejaculation e liehang (Posts 14,000)
• NoFap.com - Litšoantšo-Litšusumetso tsa ho Kopanela Liphate (Li-thread tsa 6,000, tse ling tse nang le lihlooho tse makholo)

TŠEBELETSO E NTSENG:

Karolo ena "e ntlafalitsoeng" e sebetsana le likopo tse peli ho Slide 25:

1. Ho hloka boits'oaro kapa tloaelo e bapala karolo ea ts'ebeliso e mpe ea thobalano le ho eketseha ha ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (mamello - ts'ebetso e amanang le lithethefatsi).
2. Ho bile le keketseho e sa e-s'o ka e e-s'o ka e e-s'o ka e e-ba teng ka ho se sebetse ha erectile mocha (historing, lipalo tsa ED ho banna bahlankana ba 'nile ba tlase haholo).

Ho hlaphoheloa ha maikutlo (tloaelo) ho bonahala ho phetha karolo litabeng tsa ho kopanela liphate tse bakoang ke ho kopanela liphate le ho eketseha ha tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (mamello).

Slide pele ho karolo e qotsitsoeng ho tloha Park et al., 2016 e fane ka ts'ehetso bakeng sa polelo ea hore "ho hloka tlhompho ha potoloho ea moputso" e bapala karolo ea ho hlohlelletsa thobalano ho bakoang ke thobalano. Ho hloka tlhompho kapa tloaelo e siea motho ho se tsotellehe menyaka, 'me hangata li bonahatsa ho mamellana, e leng tlhokahalo ea tekanyo e phahameng kapa ts'ehetso e kholo ho finyella karabo e tšoanang. Ena ke ts'ebetso ea ho lemalla lithethefatsi. Ho hloka boithati ho ka boela ha e-ba le mokhoa oa ho hlahisa mefuta e mecha, ka linako tse ling e le thata ebile e sa tsejoe, kapa e ferekanya. Sena ke hobane ts'oaetso, makatso kapa matšoenyeho kaofela li ka phahamisa dopamine le ho khaotsa ho tsosa thobalano.

Mona ke 2017 bopaki bo tsoang ho PornHub thobalano ea 'nete e ntse e khahla basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ha li lumelle batho ho fumana litakatso tsa bona tsa "nnete"; e ba khannela ka tsela e fetang e tloaelehileng ho ea litloaelong tse fetelletseng le mefuteng e "seng ea nnete":

Ho bonahala eka mokhoa ona o leba linthong tse inahaneloang ho feta nnete. Litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa 'Generic' li nkeloa sebaka ke litšoantšo tse ikhethileng tse iqapetsoeng kapa liketsahalo tse ikhethileng. Na see se bakoa ke ho teneha kapa bohelehele? Ho na le ntho e le 'ngoe e tiileng; 'ho tsoa, ​​ho tsoa' ha ho sa khotsofatsa matšoele, a hlakileng a batlang ho hong ho fapaneng ”ho bolela Dr Laurie Betito.

Ho latela li-2017 lithuto tse tšeletseng tsa methapo ea kutlo li hlalositse ho hloka tlhompho kapa tloaelo e hlahang ho basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa Internet:

1) "Sebopeho sa Bokooa le Khokahano e Sebetsang e Amanang le Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Tšebeliso: Boko ba Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa" (Kuhn le Gallinat, 2014) - Phuputso ena ea Max Planck Institute fMRI e fumane taba e nyane haholo tsamaisong ea moputso (dorsal striatum) e tsamaellanang le palo ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse jeoang. E boetse e fumane hore litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso li tsamaisana le moputso o fokolang oa ts'ebetso ea potoloho ha o ntse o shebile lifoto tsa thobalano hakhutšoanyane. Bafuputsi ba lumela hore liphuputso tsa bona li bonts'itse ho hloka boithati, mohlomong le mamello, e leng tlhoko ea ts'usumetso e kholo ho fihlela boemo bo ts'oanang ba tsoho. Sengoli se etelletseng pele Simone Kühn o boletse tse latelang ka thuto ea hae:

Seo se ka bolela hore ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro kamehla e senya tsamaiso ea hau ea moputso. Re nahana hore litaba tse nang le litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso ea bootsoa li hloka ho tsosolosoa ho eketsehileng ho fumana moputso o lekanang. Seo se ne se tla lumellana hantle le khopolo ea hore mekhatlo ea bona ea moputso e hloka ho tsosolosoa.

Ho feta moo, ka Mots'eanong, 2016. Kuhn & Gallinat ba phatlalalitse tlhahlobo ena: Motheo oa "Neurobiological of Hysexualality". Tlhahlobisong Kuhn & Gallinat ba hlalosa thuto ea bona ea fMRI ea 2014:

Phuputsong ea haufinyane ke sehlopha sa rona, re ile ra ngolisa barupeluoa ba phetseng hantle 'me ra amahanya lihora tsa bona tsa ho itlaleha tse sebelisitsoeng le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le karabelo ea bona ea FMRI litšoantšong tsa thobalano le ka morphology ea bona ea boko (Kuhn & Gallinat, 2014). Lihora tse ngata barupeluoa ba tlalehile ho ja litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, tse nyane karabelo ea BOLD ho li-putamen tse letšehali ho arabela litšoantšo tsa thobalano. Ho feta moo, re fumane hore lihora tse ngata tseo re li qetileng re shebelletse litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li ne li amahanngoa le bophahamo bo bonyenyane ba taba e bohlooho ka har'a striatum, haholo-holo ka lehlakoreng le letona le fihlang ho ventral putamen. Re nahana hore khaello ea molumo oa boko e ka bonts'a litholoana tsa mamello kamora ho hlaseloa ke ts'oaetso ea thobalano.

2) "Mokhoa o sa tloaelehang, boemo bo botle le ho ela hloko lithahasello tsa thobalano”(2015). Phuputso ea fMRI ea Univesithi ea Cambridge e tlalehile tloaelo e kholo ea thobalano ho basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Tlhaloso:

Litlhahiso tse hlakileng tsa marang-rang li ngata ebile li atoloha, 'me tšobotsi ena e ka khothalletsa ho eketseha ha ts'ebeliso ho batho ba bang. Ka mohlala, banna ba phetseng hantle ba shebang lifilimi tse hlakileng ba fumanoa ba tloaetse ho ts'oara le ho fumana ts'oaetso e hlakileng e tsosang takatso ea ho kopanela liphate, e sa fokolang le e nyenyane (Koukounas le Over, 2000). ... Re bonts'a liteko tse hlokomelisoang litsing tsa bophelo tsa meriana hore boithabiso ba likamano tsa botona le botšehali bo ikemela bo khetholloa ke ho batla maemo, mokhoa oa ho ba le maemo a tloaelehileng le mekhoa e metle ea ho kopanela liphate ho banna.

Ho tswa ho The Related Press Release:

Bafuputsi ba fumane hore ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate ho ne ho ka etsahala hore ba khethe koranta ka lebaka la khetho e tloaelehileng ea litšoantšo tsa thobalano mabapi le litšoantšo tse sa jeleng paate, athe baithaopi ba phetseng hantle ba ne ba ka khetha khetho ea libuka bakeng sa litšoantšo tsa basali tse sa nke lehlakoreng mabapi le litšoantšo tse sa nkeheng.

Dr Voon o re: "Kaofela re ka amana ka tsela e ngoe le e 'ngoe ho batlana le litšusumetso tse ncha inthaneteng - e ka ba ho fofa ho tloha sebakeng se seng sa litaba ho ea ho se seng, kapa ho tlolela ho tloha Facebook ho ea Amazon ho ea YouTube le ho ea pele." "Leha ho le joalo, ho batho ba bontšang boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate, ena e fetoha tloaelo e fetang eo ba ka e laolang, e tsepamisitsoeng litšoantšong tsa bootsoa."

Mosebetsing oa bobeli, baithaopi ba ile ba bontšoa lipara tsa litšoantšo - mosali ea sa aparang le lebokose le leputsoa le sa nke lehlakore - tseo ka bobeli li neng li manehiloe ka mekhoa e fapaneng e sa bonahaleng. Ba ithutile ho kopanya litšoantšo tsena tse sa bonahaleng le litšoantšo, tse ts'oanang le lintja tekong e tsebahalang ea Pavlov li ithutileng ho amahanya tšepe e llang le lijo. Eaba ba kopuoa ho khetha lipakeng tsa litšoantšo tsena tse sa bonahaleng le setšoantšo se secha se sa bonahaleng.

Lekhetlong lena, bafuputsi ba bontšitse hore batho ba lemaletseng ho kopanela liphate ba na le menyetla e mengata ea ho khetha mekhoa e meng e amanang le thobalano le moputso oa chelete. Sena se tšehetsa mohopolo oa hore lits'oants'o tse se nang molato tikolohong ea motho ea lemaletseng lithethefatsi li ka li tsosa hore li batle litšoantšo tsa thobalano.

"Mantsoe a ka ba bonolo joaloka ho bula sebatli sa bona sa inthanete," ho hlalosa Dr Voon. Li ka tsosa liketso tse ngata 'me pele li tseba, motho eo ea li lemaletseng o ntse a sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ho senya kamano pakeng tsa lintlha tsena le boitšoaro ho ka ba thata haholo. ”

Bafuputsi ba ile ba etsa tlhahlobo e 'ngoe moo bahlankana ba 20 ba neng ba lemalla ho kopanela liphate le 20 ba tšoanang le baithaopi ba phetseng hantle ba ile ba e-ba le litšoantšo tsa bokooa ha ba ntse ba bontšoa litšoantšo tse pheta-phetoang - mosali ea sa kang a hatelloa, chelete ea £ 1 kapa lebokose le se nang lehlakore.

Ba fumane hore ha ba lemaletseng ho kopanela liphate ba ne ba sheba setšoantšo se tšoanang sa thobalano hangata, ha ba bapisoa le baithaopi ba phetseng hantle ba kileng ba fokotseha haholoanyane sebakeng sa boko bo tsejoang e le ho qeta mekhoa e metle ea lik'hemik'hale, tse tsejoang hore li ameha ka ho lebella meputso le ho arabela liketsahalo tse ncha. Sena se lumellana le 'habituation', moo meriana e fumanoang e le ts'ebetso e ts'oanang le e nyane - ka mohlala, senoa sa kofi a ka fumana k'hafeine 'buzz' senoelong sa bona sa pele, empa ha nako e ntse e feta ba noa haholo kofi, e nyenyane buzz e fetoha.

Ts'ebetso ena e tloaelehileng e etsahala ho banna ba phetseng hantle ba bontšoang khafetsa video e le 'ngoe ea bootsoa. Empa ha ba sheba video e ncha, boemo ba thahasello le ho tsosoa bo khutlela moemong oa pele. Sena se bolela hore, ho thibela tloaelo, motho ea lemaletseng thobalano o tla hloka ho fumana litšoantšo tse ncha khafetsa. Ka mantsoe a mang, tloaelo e ka etsa hore ho batloe litšoantšo tse ncha.

"Lintho tseo re li fumaneng li bohlokoa haholo tabeng ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng," a phaella ka Dr Voon. "Ha ho hlakile hore na ke eng e etsang hore motho a be le bothata ba ho kopanela liphate pele ho batho ba bang, mme ho ka etsahala hore batho ba bang ba be le lithethefatsi tse ngata ho feta tse ling, ho thata haholo ho baleha. "

3) Ho feto-fetoha ha maemo a nakong e tlang ka litšoantšo tsa thobalano ho basebelisi ba mathata le taolo e sa lumellaneng le "bokhoba ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (Prause et al., 2015.) Liphetho: ha li bapisoa le taolo "batho ba nang le mathata a ho laola ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" ba bile le tlaase boko bo arabela motsotsoana o le mong ho lifoto tsa litšoantšo tsa porno tsa vanilla. Sengoli se etelletseng pele Prause se re liphetho tsena ke "ho lemalla ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa." Haeba tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e ne e sa ame letho Prause et al's. lihlooho, re ka lebella hore taolo le ba sebelisang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba be le litekanyo tse tšoanang tsa LPP ha ba arabela litšoantšong tsa thobalano. Ho e-na le hoo, ba sebelisang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa hangata ba ne ba e-na Nyane boikoetliso ba boko (LPP e tlase). Ha e le hantle, liphuputso tsa Prause et al. 2015 lumellana ka ho phethahetseng le Kühn le Gallinat (2014), e leng ho fumanoang hore litšoantšo tse ling tsa litšoantšo tse ts'oanang le litšoantšo tse ts'oanang le litšoantšo tse nyenyane li sebelisana le ho sebetsa ha boko bo fokolang ho latela litšoantšo tsa litšoantšo tsa vanilla.

Liphetho tsa Prause le tsona li tsamaellana le Banca et al. 2015, e leng #2 ka holimo. Ho feta moo, thuto e 'ngoe ea EEG e fumane hore tšebeliso e mpe ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho basali e tsamaellanang le ts'ebeliso e nyane ea boko ho litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Lipalo tse tlase tsa EEG li bolela hore lihlooho ha li ele hloko litšoantšo. Ka mantsoe a bonolo, basebelisi ba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro khafetsa ba ne ba sa rate litšoantšo tse litšila tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa vanilla. Ba ne ba jeoa ke bolutu (ba tloaetse kapa ba sa rate). Litokomane tse supileng tse hlahlojoang ke lithaka li lumellana le sena tlhahlobo e kholo hore Prause e hlile e fumanoe e le ts'oaetso / tloaelo ho ba sebelisang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.

4) Mekhoa ea ho hlokomeleha le e sa hlokomelehang ea maikutlo: Na e khathatsa ka nako e telele ea bootsoa Sebelisa? (2017) - Phuputso e ile ea lekola likarabo tsa mosebelisi oa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (litemana tsa EEG le Karabelo ea Qalo) ho litšoantšo tse fapaneng tse susumetsang maikutlo - ho kenyeletsoa le erotica. Bangoli ba lumela hore liphetho tse peli li bonts'a tloaelo ho basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa khafetsa. Litemana tse qotsitsoeng:

4.1. Litlhaloso tse hlakileng

Ho thahasellisang ke hore sehlopha se phahameng sa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso ea boitšoaro bo bobe se hlahisa litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso e le ntho e sa thabiseng ho feta sehlopha se sebelisoang. Bangoli ba fana ka maikutlo a hore sena se ka 'na sa bakoa ke tlhaho e "bonolo" ea "litšoantšo" tse nang le setšoantšo sa IAPS se sa faneng ka mokhoa oa ho susumetsa seo ba ka se batlang, joalokaha o bontšitsoe ke Harper le Hodgins [58] hore ka ho shebella hangata litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​hangata batho ba bangata ba eketseha ka ho sheba boitsebiso bo matla haholo ho boloka boemo bo tšoanang ba ho tsosoa ha 'mele. Sehlopha sa "maikutlo a monate" se ile sa fumana likarolo tsa li-valence tsa lihlopha tse tharo tse batlang li lekana le sehlopha se phahameng sa lihlopha ho sheba litšoantšo e le ntho e sa thabiseng ka ho fetisisa ho feta lihlopha tse ling. Sena se ka boela sa bakoa ke litšoantšo tse "thabisang" tse hlahisitsoeng e sa ba susumetsang ka ho lekana bakeng sa batho ba sehlopha se phahameng. Liphuputso li 'nile tsa bontša hore ho na le mokhoa o fokolang oa phekolo ho latela mokhoa oa ho khotsofatsa ka lebaka la tloaelo ea batho ba atisang ho batla boitsebiso ba bootsoa [3, 7, 8]. Ke litsebi tsa bangoli hore sena se ka 'na sa ikarabella bakeng sa liphetho tse boletsoeng.

4.3. Setlexe Reflex Modulation (SRM)

Sepheo se phahameng sa amplitude startle effect se bonts'itsoeng lihlopheng tse tlaase le tse bohareng tse sebelisoang lihlopha li ka hlalosoa ke batho ba sehlopheng ba ikemiselitseng ho qoba tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, kaha ba ka e fumana e le ntho e sa thabiseng haholoanyane. Ntle le moo, liphello tse fumanoang li ka 'na tsa e-ba teng ka lebaka la mokhoa oa tloaelo, oo batho ba lihlopheng tsena ba shebellang litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ho feta tseo ba li bolelang ka ho hlaka-mohlomong ka mabaka a ho hlajoa ke lihlong har'a batho ba bang,41, 42].

5) Ho hlahloba kamano pakeng tsa ho qobelloa ho kopanela liphate le mekhoa ea ho ela hloko ka litaba tsa thobalano ho sehlopha sa batho ba kopanelang liphate (2017) - Phuputso ena e pheta se fumanoeng ke thuto ena ea 2014 Cambridge University, e neng e bapisa leeme la tlhokomelo ea batho ba lemaletseng ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka taolo e nepahetseng. Phuputso e ile ea hokahanya "lilemo tsa thobalano" le 1) lintlha tsa bokhoba ba thobalano, hape le 2) liphetho tsa mosebetsi oa tlhokomelo. Har'a ba ipehelang litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa thobalano, ho fokotseha lilemo tsa boiphihlelo ba thobalano li amana le e kholoanyane leeme la tlhokomelo. Ho qobella ho hlekefetsoa ka thobalano ho feta lilemo tse fokolang tsa boiphihlelo ba thobalano = matšoao a maholo a ho lemalla (leeme le leholo kapa ho sitisoa). Empa leeme la tlhokomelo le fokotseha haholo ho basebelisi ba tlamang, 'me le nyamela ka palo e phahameng ka ho fetesisa ea boiphihlelo ba thobalano. Bangoli ba fihletse qeto ea hore sephetho sena se ka supa hore lilemo tse ngata tsa "thobalano e qobelloang" li lebisa moetlong o moholo kapa ho felloa ke matla ka karabelo ea boithabiso (desensitization). Tlhaloso ea sephetho:

Tlhaloso e ka 'nang ea etsahala bakeng sa liphello tsena ke hore ha motho ea kopanelang liphate a kopanela boitšoarong bo bongata ba ho qobella, tempele e tsosolositsoeng e tsoala [36-38] le hore ha nako e ntse e feta, boitšoaro bo feteletseng bo hlokeha bakeng sa boemo bo tšoanang ba ho tsosoa. Ho tsoela pele ho pheha khang ea hore ha motho a e-na le boitšoaro bo bongata ba ho qobella, litsela tsa mokokotlo li fetoha leeme ho feta tse 'tloaelehileng' tsa ho kopanela liphate kapa litšoantšo le batho ka bomong ba fetela hohle 'ho feteletseng' ho susumetsa ho tsosoa ha maikutlo. Sena se lumellana le mosebetsi o bontšang hore banna ba phelang hantle 'meleng ba tloaetse ho ba le maikutlo a hlakileng ka mor'a nako le hore tloaelo ena e khetholloa ka ho fokotseha ho tsosoa le likhatello tsa maikutlo [39]. Sena se fana ka maikutlo a hore barupeluoa ba bangata ba iketselitseng likamano tsa botona le botšehali ba fetohile 'ba fokolang' kapa ba sa tsotellane le mantsoe a "tloaelehileng" a amanang le thobalano a sebelisitsoeng thutong ea hona joale 'me ka mokhoa ona ho fokotsa ho hloka tlhokomelo, ha ba nang le ts'oaetso e ngata le tsebo e fokolang ba ntse ba bontša phapang hobane taba e hlahelletseng e bonahatsa ts'oaetso e matlafalitsoeng haholoanyane.

6) Mekhoa ea Neural ea Takatso ea ho Kopanela Liphate ho Batho ba nang le Boitšoaro bo Botle ba ho Kopanela Liphate (2015) - Phuputso ena ea Korea ea fMRI e pheta lithuto tse ling tse 'maloa tsa methapo ea kutlo ho basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa: e tlalehile mekhoa e sebetsanang le ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea boko le liphetoho ho cortex ea pele e neng e tšoantšetsa ba hlahelang lithethefatsi. Tumellanong le mokhoa oa ho lemalla lithethefatsi, batho ba lemaletseng ho kopanela liphate ba ne ba e-na le maikutlo a maholo ka ho fetesisa bakeng sa litšoantšo tsa thobalano, leha ho le joalo ba ile ba thibela ts'ebetso ea bokooa mefuteng e meng ea lintho tse tloahelehileng haholo. Karabelo e nyane ea methapo ho meputso e tloaelehileng ea letsatsi le letsatsi ke sesupo sa mantlha sa ho hloka boithati.

Ho sebelisa mekhoa le mekhoa e fapaneng, sehlopha se fapaneng sa lithuto tse sa sebetseng ka methapo se tlalehile tloaelo ea "litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse tloaelehileng" hammoho le ho nyoloha ho ea mefuteng e fetelletseng le e sa tloaelehang:

1) Ena e ne e le thuto ea pele ea ho botsa basebelisi ba litšoantšo ka kotloloho mabapi le ho eketseha ha sekhahla: "Mesebetsi ea ho kopanela liphate ka Inthaneteng: Ho ithuta ka ho hlahloba litsebi tsa bothata le tse se nang mathata bothateng ba banna "(2016). Phuputso e tlaleha ho eketseha ha maemo, kaha 49% ea banna bao e tlalehile ho shebella litšoantšo tse litšila tseo pele li neng li sa li thahasellise kapa tseo pele li neng li nahana hore ke tse nyonyehang. Tlhaloso:

Ba etsang karolo ea mashome a mane a metso e robong ba boletse bonyane ka linako tse ling ba batla litaba tsa thobalano kapa ba ameha ho li-OSA tseo pele li neng li sa li thahasellise kapa hore li nka ho nyonyeha.

Phuputso ena ea Belgian e boetse e fumane ts'ebeliso e mpe ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng e ne e amahanngoa le ts'ebetso e fokotsehileng ea erectile le ho fokotsa khotsofalo ka kakaretso ea thobalano. Empa basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba na le litakatso tse kholo. Ho khahlisang ke hore karolo ea 20.3% ea bankakarolo e boletse hore sepheo se seng sa ts'ebeliso ea bona ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ke "ho tsosa takatso le molekane oa ka." (OSA = thobalano inthaneteng, e neng e le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa bakeng sa 99% ea lithuto). Tlhaloso:

Phuputso ena ke ea pele ea ho etsa lipatlisiso ka kotloloho likamano lipakeng tsa mathata a thobalano le ho nka karolo ho nang le mathata ho li-OSA. Liphello li bontšitse hore takatso e phahameng ea thobalano, khotsofalo e tlase ea thobalano, le ts'ebetso e tlase ea erectile li ne li amahanngoa le li-OSA tse nang le mathata (liketso tsa thobalano inthaneteng). Liphetho tsena li ka hokahanngoa le tsa lithuto tsa pejana tse tlalehang boemo bo phahameng ba ho tsoha kamanong le matšoao a bokhoba ba thobalano (Bancroft & Vukadinovic, 2004; Laier et al., 2013; Muise et al., 2013).

2) Phuputso ea 2017 e ile ea botsa basebelisi ba litšoantšo ka kotloloho mabapi le mamello le matšoao a ho itokolla: Tlhahiso ea Bothata ba Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Boitsebiso ba Litšoantšo (PPCS) (2017) - Pampiri ena e hlahisitse le ho leka lipotso tse nang le bothata ba ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse etselitsoeng lipotso tsa lipotso tsa lithethefatsi. Ho fapana le liteko tse fetileng tsa ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa, ​​lenane lena la lipotso tse 18 le hlahlobile mamello le ho tlosoa ka lipotso tse latelang tsa 6:

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Potso ka 'ngoe e fumanoe ho tloha ho ea pele ho isa ho e supileng sekaleng sa Likert: 1- Le ka mohla, 2- Hangata, 3- Ka linako tse ling, 4- Ka linako tse ling, 5- Hangata, 6- Haholo, 7- Nako eohle. Kerafo e ka tlase e hlophisitse basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka mekhahlelo e meraro ho ipapisitse le lintlha tsa bona kaofela: "Ha e na mathata," "Kotsi e tlase" le "Ho kotsing." Mohala o mosehla ha o bontše mathata, ho bolelang hore "Likotsi tse tlase" le "Ba kotsing" basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba tlaleha mamello le ho tlohela. Ka mantsoe a bonolo, bobeli ba ho nyoloha (mamello) le ho tlohela li tlalehiloe ke basebelisi ba bang ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.

3) Mohlala oa Taolo e Kopanetsoeng: Karolo ea ho Thibela ho Kopanela Liphate le Ho Nyahama Thobalanong ea Thobalano le Boitšoaro, 2007. University Press Indiana, Editor: Erick Janssen, pp.197-222.  Tekong ea ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba video, 50% ea bahlankana ba ne ba sitoa ho tsosoa kapa ho fihlela likhetho tsa bootsoa (karolelano ea lilemo e ne e le 29). Bafuputsi ba maketseng ba fumane hore ho se sebetse ha banna erectile e ne e le,

 tse amanang le maemo a phahameng a ho hlahella le ho ba le phihlelo ka lintho tse hlalosang thobalano.

Banna ba nang le ho se sebetse ha eretile ba ne ba qetile nako e ngata ba le libakeng tsa matloana le matlong a ho jela moo ho kopanela liphate "ho neng ho le hohle" le "ho bapala ka ho sa feleng." Bafuputsi ba itse:

Lipuisano le lihlooho li ile tsa matlafatsa khopolo ea rona hore ho ba bang ba bona ba bangata ba bona hore ho ba le tšusumetso e matla ea maikutlo ho bonahala eka ho entse hore ho be le boikarabelo bo tlase ba "vanilla" le ho ba le tlhoko e eketsehileng ea ho fetoha le ho fetoha, maemong a mang ho kopane le tlhokahalo e tobileng haholo mefuta ea ts'oaetso e le hore e tsohe.

4) Tšebeliso e sa laoleheng ea inthanete bakeng sa thobalano e le ho lemalla boitšoaro? Phuputso e tlang (e hlahisitsoeng Kopanong ea Machaba ea 4 ea Litlhare tsa Boitšoaro, Hlakola 20-22, 2017) le eona e ile ea botsa ka kotloloho mabapi le mamello le ho tlohela. E fumanoe ka bobeli ho "lithethefatsi tsa bootsoa".

Anna Ševčíková, Lukas Blinka le Veronika Soukalová

Univesithi ea Masaryk, Brno, Czech Republic

Taba le sepheo: Ho na le phehisano e tsoelang pele ebang boitšoaro bo feteletseng ba ho kopanela liphate bo lokela ho utloisisoa e le mokhoa oa ho lemalla boitšoaro (Karila, Wéry, Weistein et al., 2014). Thuto ea joale ea boleng e ikemiselitse ho hlahloba hore na ho sebelisoa ntle ho taolo ea inthanete ka morero oa ho kopanela liphate (OUISP) ho ka etsoa joang ka maikutlo a ho lemalla boitšoaro har'a batho ba neng ba le kalafo ka lebaka la OUISP ea bona.

Mekhoa: Re ile ra etsa lipuisano tse tebileng le barupeluoa ba 21 ba lilemo li 22-54 (Mage = lilemo tse 34.24). Ho sebelisa tlhahlobo e ts'oanang, litsi tsa matšoao tsa OUISP li ile tsa hlahlojoa ka mekhoa ea ho lemalla boitšoaro, ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho khethehileng ho mamellana le matšoao a ho tlohela (Griffiths, 2001).

Liphello: Boitšoaro bo bobe bo neng bo le bobebe bo ne bo sa sebelisoe ke litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro Inthaneteng (OOPU). Ho haha ​​ho mamellana ho OOPU ho iponahatsa e le nako e ntseng e eketseha e sebelisitsoeng ho liwebsaete tsa bootsoa hammoho le ho batla litlhahiso tse ncha le tse ling tsa ho kopanela liphate ka har'a lipapali tse sa khelohang. Matšoao a ho tlohela a iponahatsa a le boemong ba kelello 'me a nka mokhoa oa ho batla lintho tse ling tsa thobalano. Barupeluoa ba leshome le metso e mehlano ba phethahatsa litekanyetso tsohle tsa tahi

Sephetho: Thuto e bontša molemo bakeng sa moralo oa ho lemalla boitšoaro

Litokomane tse tharo li bontša hore basebelisi ba litšoantšo tse se nang li-pedophilic ba thahasella ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa bana.

5) Ntlha ea pele ho hlahlojoa ha e le hantle ke ngaka ea mafu a UK): Litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Inthaneteng le pedophilia (2013). Tlhaloso:

Phihlelo ea meriana ea meriana mme hona joale bopaki ba lipatlisiso bo ntse bo bokella ho fana ka maikutlo a hore Inthanete ha e lebise tlhokomelo feela ho ba nang le lithahasello tse teng tsa paedophili, empa e tlatsetsa ho khantšang lithahasello tsa lithahasello ho batho ba se nang thahasello e hlakileng ea thobalano ho bana.

Liphuputso tse peli tse latelang li fumane hore mokhoa o fapaneng (ke hore, bokhachane kapa bobebe) basebelisi ba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ba ne ba e-na le nako e nyenyane haholo batho ba baholo litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li sebelisoa. Ka mantsoe a bonolo, lithuto tseo ka bobeli li amahanngoa pejana ho litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba batho ba baholo li sebelisa ho eketseha ho isa lithong tse feteletseng.

6) Na litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li sebelisa mokhoa o tšoanang le oa Guttman? ” (2013). Tlhaloso:

Liphello li bontšitse hore litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso li sebelisoa ka mor'a mokhoa o tšoanang oa Guttman ka hore batho ba nang le "lilemo tsa bocha" ba ho sheba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ba ne ba atisa ho kopanela litšoantšong tse litšila tse tsosang takatso (phoofolo ea ho kopanela liphate kapa ngoana) ho bapisoa le ba nang le "nako ea ho qala" .

7) "Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro Sebelisa: Karolo ea Bootsoa bo Bobebe ba Batho ba Boholo-holo ba ho Etsa Pele le Sebelisa "(2016). Tlhaloso:

Liphello li bontšitse hore basebeletsi ba baholo ba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ba hlahella haholo ka ho ba le phihlelo ea ho ba le phihlelo ea ho sheba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho bapisoa le basebeletsi ba baholo-holo ba bootsoa feela.

8) hlahloba phello ea lintho tse hlalosang thobalano litabeng tsa thobalano, kutloisiso le mekhoa ea banna bahlankana: Tlhahlobo e nepahetseng. Thuto e ntle ea litlaleho e tlaleha ho eketseha ha lintho tse feteletseng. Tlhaloso:

Liphuputso li fana ka maikutlo a hore lihlooho tsa bohlokoa ke: ho eketseha ha maemo a ho fumaneha ha SEM, ho kenyelletsa le keketseho ea litaba tse fetelletseng (Hohle moo o shebang) tse bonoang ke bahlankana thutong ena joalo ka ha li na le litlamorao tse mpe menahanong ea boits'oaro le boits'oaro (Seo ha se setle). Lelapa kapa thuto ea thobalano e ka fana ka 'ts'ireletso' (Buffers) mekhoeng eo bacha ba e bonang ho SEM. Lintlha li fana ka maikutlo a ho ferekana (Litemana tsa 'Nete tsa' Nete) mabapi le litebello tsa bacha tsa bophelo bo botle ba thobalano (Bophelo bo Botle ba ho Kopanela Liphate) le litumelo le boits'oaro bo nepahetseng (Ho tseba ho nepahetseng ho fosahetse). Ho hlalositsoe tsela e ka bang sesosa sa mabaka mme ho totobatsoa libaka tsa ho kenella.

10) Masturbatory e sa tloaelehang e itlhahisa e le ntho ea tlhaho ea botsofali tabeng ea ho hlahlojoa le phekolo ea ho se sebetse ka thobalano ho banna bahlankana (2014). E 'ngoe ea lithuto tsa 4 tse hlahang pampiring ena e tlaleha ka monna ea nang le mathata a amanang le thobalano (libido tse tlase, li-fetish tse ngata tsa bootsoa, ​​anorgasmia). Ts'ebetso ea thobalano e hloka hore libeke tse 6 li ithibe litšoantšong tsa bootsoa le ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali. Kamora likhoeli tse 8 monna o ile a tlaleha takatso e eketsehileng ea thobalano, thobalano e atlehileng le botona kapa botšehali, 'me a natefeloa ke "litloaelo tse ntle tsa thobalano". Litlhaloso tse tsoang pampiring e ngotseng tloaelo ea mokuli le ho nyoloha ho seo a se hlalositseng e le mefuta e feteletseng ea bootsoa:

Ha a botsoa ka mekhoa ea masturbatory, o ile a tlaleha hore nakong e fetileng o ne a bile le litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ka matla le ka potlako ha a sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho tloha bocheng. Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro qalong li ne li e-na le boophilia, le ho ba makhoba, ho laola, ho soma le ho mamella masochism, empa qetellong o ile a tloaela lisebelisoa tsena 'me a hloka litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso ea ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​ho akarelletsa thobalano ea thobalano, liketso tsa thobalano le thobalano e mabifi. O ne a tloaetse ho reka lifilimi tse hlephisang boitšoaro tse seng molaong ka liketso tse mabifi tsa thobalano le ho betoa le ho shebella litšoantšo tseo mehopolong ea hae ea ho kopanela liphate le basali. Butle-butle o ile a lahleheloa ke takatso ea hae le bokhoni ba hae ba ho fantša le ho fokotsa nako ea hae ea ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali.

Karolo e 'ngoe e tsoang pampiring e ngola ho hlaphoheloa ha mokuli mathateng a amanang le thobalano le lits'oants'o tsa thobalano:

Ka kakaretso le mananeo a beke le beke le setsebi sa thobalano, mokuli o ne a laetsoe ho qoba ho pepesehela lintho tse amanang le ho kopanela liphate, ho kopanyelletsa livideo, likoranta, libuka le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ka mor'a likhoeli tsa 8, mokuli o ile a tlaleha hore o na le katleho e ntle ea 'mele le ho khahla. O ile a tsosolosa kamano ea hae le mosali eo, 'me butle-butle a atleha ho thabela mekhoa e metle ea thobalano.

11)  Na Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Tsa Inthanete li baka Mathata a Kopanela Liphate? Tlhahlobo le Litlaleho tsa Bongaka (2016) ke tlhahlobo e pharalletseng ea lingoliloeng tse amanang le mathata a amanang le thobalano a bakiloeng ke litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. E ngotsoe ke lingaka tsa Sesole sa Metsing sa Amerika, tlhahlobo ena e fana ka lintlha tsa morao-rao tse senolang keketseho e kholo ea mathata a bocha ba thobalano. E boetse e lekola lithuto tsa methapo e amanang le bokhoba ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le ho kopanela liphate ka litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng. Lingaka li kenyelletsa litlaleho tsa bongaka tse 3 tsa basebeletsi ba ileng ba hlahisa lits'oants'o tse litšila tsa thobalano. Basebeletsi ba babeli ho ba bararo ba ile ba folisa likotsi tsa bona tsa thobalano ka ho felisa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ha monna oa boraro a sa ntlafala hanyane kaha a ne a sa khone ho ithiba ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Basebeletsi ba babeli ho ba bararo ba tlalehile tloaelo ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le ho eketseha ha ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Mohlanka oa pele o hlalosa tloaelo ea hae ea "litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro" tse lateloang ke ho nyolohela litšoantšong tse litšila tse tsosang takatso.

Mosebetsi oa ho sebetsa ka lilemo tse 20 o ile oa ngolla basebeletsi ba Caucasia ba nang le mathata a finyellang likamano tsa botona kapa botšehali nakong ea thobalano likhoeling tse tšeletseng tse fetileng. E ile ea qala ha a ntse a fetisetsoa mose ho maoatle. O ne a ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ka nako e ka etsang hora a se na palesa, 'me botona ba hae bo ne bo tsamaea hantle. Mathata a hae a ho ts'ehetsa le ho finyella li-orgasm a tsoelapele ho pholletsa le mosebetsi oa hae. Ho tloha ha a khutla, o ne a sa khone ho ejaculate nakong ea thobalano le mohlankana oa hae. O ne a ka finyella erection empa a sitoa ho etsa lipapali, mme ka mor'a 10-15 min o ne a tla lahleheloa ke ts'ebetso ea hae, e leng se neng se se joalo pele a e-na le litaba tsa ED.

Mokuli ea mamellang ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali hangata bakeng sa "lilemo", 'me hang kapa ka makhetlo a mabeli hoo e ka bang letsatsi le leng le le leng bakeng sa lilemo tse' maloa tse fetileng. O ile a lumella ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa Inthanete bakeng sa ho tsosolosa. Kaha o ne a fumane Inthanete ka lebelo le leholo, o ne a itšetlehile feela ka litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa Inthanete. Qalong, "bootsoa bo bonolo", moo litaba li sa kenyelletsang ho kopanela liphate, "o ile a etsa mano". Leha ho le joalo, butle-butle o ne a hloka boitsebiso bo bongata bo hlakileng kapa bo fokolang. O ile a tlaleha livideo tse ngata tsa nako e le 'ngoe ka nako e le' ngoe le ho shebella likarolo tse susumetsang ka ho fetisisa.

Mohlanka oa bobeli o hlalosa tšebeliso e ntseng e eketseha ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le ho eketseha ha litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Nakoana kamora moo a etsa thobalano le mosali oa hae "eseng e hlasimollang joalo ka pele":

Motho ea lilemo li 40 ea African American o ile a ngolisa basebetsi ba nang le lilemo tse 17 tsa mosebetsi o tsoelang pele o mafolofolo o hlahisitsoeng ke bothata ba ho finyella litlhoko tsa likhoeli tse tharo tse fetileng. O ile a tlaleha hore ha a leka ho kopanela liphate le mosali oa hae, o ne a thatafalloa ho finyella ho tsosoa le ho thatafalloa ke ho e boloka nako e telele ho fihlela e le bosiu. Ho tloha ha ngoana oa bona e monyenyane a tloha kolecheng, likhoeli tse tšeletseng pejana, o ne a iphumana a ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali hangata ka lebaka la ho ba le boinotšing bo eketsehileng. O ne a tloaetse ho ipholla litho tsohle ka beke ka karolelano, empa e ile ea eketseha ho isa ho tse peli ho tse tharo ka beke. O ne a atisa ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Inthaneteng, empa hangata o ne a li sebelisa, nako e telele e ne e nkoa e le li-orgasm ka boitsebiso ba hae bo tloaelehileng. Sena se ile sa etsa hore a sebelise boitsebiso bo bongata bo hlakileng. Nakoana ka mor'a moo, ho kopanela liphate le mosali oa hae "ho ne ho sa susumetsa" joaloka pele le ka linako tse ling o fumane mosali oa hae "a sa rate". O ile a hana ho ba le mathata ana pele ho lilemo tse supileng tsa lenyalo la bona. O ne a e-na le mathata a lenyalo hobane mosali oa hae o ne a belaella hore o na le taba, e leng seo a ileng a se hana.

12) Ho Hlahloba Li-Correlates tsa Bothata ba Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Inthaneteng Sebelisa Har'a Liithuti Tsa Univesithi (2016) Tšebeliso e mpe ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​e amanang le ts'ebetso e mpe ea kelello ea maikutlo, e hlaha ha batho ba qala ho sebelisa IP letsatsi le leng le le leng. Thuto e tlalehile hore lilemo tse sa tsoa feta tsa ho pepeseha li ne li amana le ho eketseha ha mosebetsi.

Nako ea ho qala ho ipapisa le IP e fumanoe e amana haholo le tšebeliso ea IP khafetsa le e lemalloang (sheba Letlapa la 2). Barupeluoa ba neng ba e-na le IP nakong e sa tsoa feta ba ne ba ka 'na ba sebelisa IP hangata, ba na le nako e telele ea IP,' me ba batla ho fumana lintlha tse phahameng ho Admised DSM-5 Internet Pornography Criteria le likhato tsa CPUI-COMP. Qetellong, tlhahiso ea IP e feletseng e fumanoe e amana haholo le maqhubu a phahameng a IP. Barupeluoa ba neng ba e-na le nako e teletsana ea ho fumana IP ba ne ba boetse ba e-na le menyetla e mengata ea ho ba le liboka tsa IP ka khoeli.

13) Kamano pakeng tsa Hangata Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Tšebeliso, Lits'ebeletso, le Boiketlo ba Botona le Botšehali pakeng tsa Bacha ba Bochabela Sweden (2017) - Litšoantšo tse litšila tse sebelisoang ke banna ba lilemo li 18 li ne li fumaneha hohle, 'me basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa khafetsa ba ne ba khetha litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse thata. Na see se bontša ho eketseha ha tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa?

Har'a basebelisi ba tloaelehileng, mofuta o tloaelehileng oa litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso o ne o le boima haholo litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (71%) tse lateloang ke litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (64%), le hoja litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tse bonolo e ne e le mofuta o khethiloeng ka ho fetisisa (73%) le basebelisi ba nakoana (36% ). Hape ho ne ho e-na le phapang pakeng tsa lihlopha tse lekanang le ba shebellang litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso tsa bootsoa (71%, 48%, 10%) le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse mabifi (14%, 9%, 0%).

Bangoli ba bontša hore litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro hangata li ka 'na tsa lebisa ho khethollang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse thata kapa tse mabifi:

Hape hoa hlokomeleha hore kamano ea bohlokoa e ikarabellang e fumanoe pakeng tsa ho nahana ka litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ka makhetlo a mangata ka beke le ho sheba litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso ea bootsoa. Kaha liketso tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ea ho kopanela liphate le tsa thobalano li tloaelehile haholo, seo bacha ba bangata ba neng ba nahana hore ke litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso e ka 'nang ea hlalosoa e le boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Haeba ho joalo, 'me ka lebaka la tlhaho ea tlhaho ea ho kopanela liphate ho Peter le Valkenburg, ho ka etsahala hore ho e-na le ho' hloekisa 'batho litabeng tsa bona tsa maikutlo le tšekamelo ea liketso tsa thobalano, ho sheba litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso ea bootsoa ho ba matlafatsa, kahoo ba eketseha monyetla oa ho bonahatsa tlhekefetso ea thobalano.

13) Ho thata hakaakang ho sebetsana le ho phomola ha nako e khutšoanyane ho latela mohlala oa nakoana oa kelello? Tšoantšiso ea boemo (2017) - Ena ke tlaleho ea "linyeoe tse kopaneng" tse bonts'ang lisosa le kalafo ea ho lieha ho tsoa mali (anorgasmia). "Mokuli B" o ne a emela bahlankana ba 'maloa ba phekoloang ke setsebi. Ho khahlisang ke hore pampiri e re "tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" ea Patient B e ne e se e fetohile lintho tse thata "," joalo ka hangata ". Pampiri eo e re ho amana le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho lieha ho ntša peo ha se ntho e tloaelehileng, 'me hoa eketseha. Sengoli se hloka lipatlisiso tse ling mabapi le litlamorao tsa ts'ebeliso ea thobalano. Ho lieha ho khutla ha mokuli B ho ile ha folisoa kamora libeke tse 10 tsa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro. Litlhaloso tse amanang le ho eketseha:

Linyeoe ke linyeoe tse ngata tse nkiloeng mosebetsing oa ka ka har'a National Health Service, sepetlele sa Croydon University, London. Ka taba ena (Mokuli B), ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore pontšo e bonahatsa banna ba bangata ba batona ba 'nileng ba fetisetsoa ke li-GP tsa bona ka mokhoa o tšoanang oa ho hlahlojoa. Mokuli B ke lilemo li 19 ea hlahisitseng hobane o ne a sa khone ho ejaculate ka tsela ea ho kena. Ha a ne a le 13, o ne a atisa ho fumana libaka tsa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ka boeena ka lipatlisiso tsa inthanete kapa ka li-link tseo metsoalle ea hae e mo rometseng eona. O ile a qala ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali bosiu bo bong le bo bong a ntse a phenyekolla fono ea hae setšoantšo ... Haeba a ne a sa ipholla litho, o ne a sitoa ho robala. Litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso tseo a neng a li sebelisa li ne li eketsehile, joalo ka hangata (sheba Hudson-Allez, 2010), e le lintho tse boima (ho se letho le seng molaong) ...

Mokuli B o ne a pepesitsoe litšoantšong tsa thobalano ka litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa lilemo tsa 12 le litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tseo a li sebelisang li ne li eketsehile ho ba makhoba le ho busa ka nako ea 15.

Re ile ra lumela hore a ke ke a hlola a sebelisa litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali. Sena se ne se bolela ho siea fono ea hae ka kamoreng e fapaneng bosiu. Re ile ra lumellana hore o tla ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ka tsela e fapaneng ... .Sehlooho se hlophisa lipatlisiso mabapi le tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro le phello ea eona ka ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali le ho fokotsa thobalano.

14) Litlhahiso tsa ho Fetoha Litlhabelong Tsa Bootsoa (1986) - Libeke tse tšeletseng tsa ho pepesehela litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tse se nang pefo ho ile ha fella ka hore bafo ba se ke ba ba le thahasello e kholo litšoantšong tsa bootsoa tsa vanilla, ba khetha ho shebella feela "litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro" (bokhoba, sadomasochism, ho robala le liphoofolo). Tlhaloso:

Liithuti tsa banna le basali le batho ba sa lumellaneng li ile tsa pepeseha hora e le 'ngoe ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse tloaelehileng, tse se nang boits'oaro kapa lihlahisoa tse sa hlokahaleng tsa ho kopanela liphate le tse mabifi libeke tse tšeletseng tse latellanang. Libeke tse peli ka mor'a phekolo ena, ba ile ba fuoa monyetla oa ho shebella livideo tsa video boemong ba botho. Litekanyetso tsa R-rated, R-rated, le X-rated li ne li fumaneha. Batho ba nang le litšoantšo tse ts'oanang tsa bootsoa bo sa tloaelehang, ba ne ba sa bontše thahasello ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse sa tloaelehang, ba khethang ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephileng (bokhoba, sadomasochism, bokhachane) ho e-na le hoo. Banna ba sa tsitsitseng ba neng ba e-na le maikutlo a ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa bo tloaelehileng, ba sa tloaelehang ba ne ba ja litšoantšo tse manyala tse sa tloaelehang habonolo feela. Liithuti tsa banna li ne li bontša mokhoa o tšoanang, le hoja li batla li le bobebe haholo. Ts'ebetso ena e sebelisoang ke basali e ne e boetse e bonahala ho basali, empa e ne e sa tsejoe haholo, haholo-holo har'a barali ba basali.

Lilemong tsa ho qetela tsa 10 ho eketseha ho seng mohla ho kileng ha e-ba le ts'ebetso ea erectile mocha ho etsahetseng (histori, likhaolo tsa ED e 'nile ea e-ba tlase haholo bakeng sa banna ba tlas'a 40).

Ho 1940s, e Tlaleho ea Kinsey e fihlile hore ho ata ha ED e ne e le tlase ho 1% ho banna ba banyenyane ho feta lilemo tsa 30, tlase ho 3% ho bao 30-45. Bafuputsi ba Dutch ba 2002 ba ile ba etsa joalo tlhahlobo ea litlhahlobo tsa 6 e phahameng ea thuto ea ED. Liphuputso tsohle tse ileng tsa hlahlojoa ho tloha Europe (5) li tlalehile Litefiso tsa banna ba tlas'a 40 hoo e ka bang 2%. Litefiso tsa botšelela (US) li tlalehile ho se sebetse ha erectile ho ka bang 5%.

Liphuputso tse hlahlobang bohlankana ba bong bo fapaneng ho tloha ha 2009 e tlaleha liketsahalo tsa histori tsa ts'oaetso ea thobalano, le litefiso tse makatsang tsa lefu la seoa se secha: tlaase libido (e ngotsoeng sehloohong sena se larileng). Sekhahla sa ho se sebetse ha Erectile liphuputsong tsena tsa morao-rao se tloha ho 14% ho ea ho 35%, ha litefiso tsa low libido (boikaketsi ba thobalano) li tloha ho 16% ho isa ho 37%. Lithuto tse ling li kenyelletsa bacha le banna ba 25 le tlase, ha lithuto tse ling li kenyelletsa banna ba 40 le tlase. Ke hoo e batlang e le keketseho ea 1000% ea litefiso tsa bocha ba ED lilemong tsa 10-15 tse fetileng. Ke phetoho efe e fetohileng lilemong tse 15 tse fetileng e ka ikarabellang bakeng sa tsoho ee ea linaleli? Likarolo tse peli tsa Park et al., 2016  (Selelekela le Qetello) ho hlahloba tsoho ena e kholo litabeng tsa thobalano:

1.1. Mekhoa ea ho se sebetse ka thobalano-Lipotso tse sa arabelloang

Ho fihlela lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng, litekanyetso tsa ED li ne li le tlaase ho banna ba kopanelang liphate tlasa 40, 'me ha lia ka tsa qala ho ema ka matla ho fihlela ka mor'a moo [1,2]. Phuputso e kholo ea likarolo tsa 1999 e tlalehile ho se sebetse ha erectile ho 5%, le takatso e tlaase ea thobalano ho 5% ea banna ba kopanelang liphate, lilemo tse 18 ho 59 [3], 'me tlhahlobo ea 2002 ea lipatlisiso tsa erectile-dysfunction e tlalehile litefiso tse tsitsitseng tsa 2% ho banna ba tlas'a 40 (ntle le thuto e fetileng) [2]. Litlaleho tsena li ne li bokelloa ka pel'a "li-tube tsa bootsoa" tsa Inthanete li nolofalletsa batho ho fumana livideo tse hlalosang thobalano tse sa hlokahaleng. Ntho ea pele ho tsena "tube" e hlahile ka September 2006 [4].

Ka lehlakoreng le leng, lipatlisiso tsa morao-rao ka ED le takatso e tlaase ea ho kopanela liphate li ngotse ka ho eketseha ha sekhahla sa ts'oaetso e joalo ho banna ba tlas'a 40. Pontšo e hlakileng ea ts'ebetso ena e amana le ED, mme e bapisa litekanyetso tse kholo haholo, tseo kaofela li ileng tsa hlahlojoa li sebelisa potso e tšoanang (yebo / ha) ka ED joaloka karolo ea Thuto ea Lefatše ea Boikutlo ba Thobalano le Boits'oaro (GSSAB). Ka 2001-2002, e ne e fuoe banna ba 13,618 ba kopanelang liphate linaheng tsa 29 [5]. Lilemo tse leshome hamorao, ka 2011, potso e tšoanang (yebo / ha) ho GSSAB e ne e laoloa ho banna ba 2737 ba kopanelang liphate Croatia, Norway le Portugal [6]. Sehlopha sa pele, ho 2001-2002, se ne se le lilemo li 40-80. Sehlopha sa bobeli, ho 2011, se ne se le 40 le tlase. Ho itšetlehile ka liphuputso tsa lithuto tsa histori tse qotsitsoeng pejana, banna ba baholo ba ne ba tla lebelloa hore ba be le litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa ED ho feta litekanyetso tse sa lokelang tsa banna ba bacha [2,7]. Leha ho le joalo, ka lilemo tse leshome feela, lintho li ile tsa fetoha ka ho feletseng. Linomoro tsa 2001-2002 bakeng sa banna ba baholo 40-80 li ne li le ka 13% Europe [5]. Ka 2011, lipalo tsa ED ho bacha ba Europe, 18-40, ho tloha 14% -28% [6].

Lilemong tse 'maloa tse fetileng, patlisiso e sebelisa mefuta e fapaneng ea lisebelisoa e senoletse bopaki bo eketsehileng ba keketseho e sa lebelloang ea mathata a thobalano har'a bahlankana. Ka 2012, bafuputsi ba Switzerland ba fumane likhaello tsa ED tsa 30% sehlakaneng sa banna ba Switzerland ba lilemo li 18-24 ba sebelisang International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) [8]. Phuputso ea Setsi sa 2013 e tlalehile e mong ho bakuli ba bane ba batlang thuso bakeng sa ts'ebetso e ncha ea ED e ne e le monyenyane ho feta 40, e nang le litekanyetso tsa ED e matla hoo e ka bang 10% e phahameng ho feta banna ho feta 40 [9]. Phuputso ea 2014 ho bacha ba Canada e tlalehile hore 53.5% ea banna ba lilemo li 16-21 e na le matšoao a bontšang bothata ba botona le botšehali [10]. Ho se sebetse ha Erectile ho ne ho tloaelehile ka ho fetisisa (26%), ho lateloa ke takatso ea ho kopanela liphate (24%), le mathata a nang le orgasm (11%). Litholoana li ile tsa makatsa baqolotsi, "Ha hoa utloahala hore na ke hobane'ng ha re fumane litekanyetso tse phahameng joalo ka kakaretso, empa haholo-holo litekanyetso tse phahameng har'a barupeluoa le basali ho e-na le barupeluoa ba bang feela, joalokaha ho tloaelehile lingoliloeng tsa batho ba baholo" [10] (p.638). Phuputso ea 2016 ea sehlopha sena se ile sa hlahloba mathata a ho kopanela liphate lilemong tsa bocha (16-21 lilemo) ka maqhubu a mahlano ka lilemo tse peli. Bakeng sa banna, mathata a sa khaotseng (bonyane leqhubu le le leng) e ne e le khotsofalo e tlaase ea thobalano (47.9%), takatso e tlase (46.2%), le mathata a erectile (45.3%). Bafuputsi ba hlokometse hore ha nako e ntse e feta mathata a thobalano a fokotsehile ho basali, empa eseng bakeng sa banna [11]. Phuputso ea 2014 ea ts'oaetso e ncha ea ED ka mosebetsi o sebetsang servicemen e tlalehile hore litefiso li bile le makhetlo a fetang a mabeli pakeng tsa 2004 le 2013 [12]. Matšeliso a ED ea kelello ea mafu a kelello a eketsehile ho feta ED e, ha litefiso tsa ED tse sa ratoang li lula li tsitsitse [12]. Phuputso ea karolo ea 2014 ea mosebetsi oa mafolofolo, e nang le bophelo bo botle, banna ba sesole ba lilemo li 21-40 ba sebelisang lintho tse hlano tsa IIEF-5 ba fumane karolo ea ED ea 33.2% [13], ka litekanyetso tse phahameng ho feta 15.7% ho batho ba se nang khatello ea kelello ea posttraumatic [14]. Bafuputsi ba boetse ba hlokometse hore likamano tsa botona le botšehali li na le litšitiso tse sa amaneng tse amanang le khethollo [14], le hore ke 1.64% feela ea ba nang le ED ba neng ba batla litokomane tsa phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors ka sesole [13]. Tlhaloso ea bobeli ea lintlha tsa sefapano sa sesole e senotse hore mathata a ts'ebetso ea ho kopanela liphate a ne a amana le "matšoenyeho a thobalano" le "setšoantšo sa botona ba botona kapa botšehali" [14]. Tlhaloso e Khutšoanyane ea 2015 e tlalehile Palo ea ED ho feta 31% ho banna ba kopanelang liphate le litekanyetso tse tlase tsa thobalano ho feta 37% [6]. Qetellong, phuputso e 'ngoe ea 2015 ho banna (lilemo tse bolelang hore ke lilemo tse ka bang 36), e tlalehile hore ED e feletsoe ke takatso e tlase ea ho kopanela liphate le batho ba kopanetsoeng, hona joale e tloaelehile haholo ho banna ba batlang thuso ea boitšoaro bo feteletseng ba ho kopanela liphate, bao hangata ba "sebelisang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali "[15].

Tloaelo, ED e bonoa e le bothata bo itšetlehileng ka lilemo [2], 'me lipatlisiso tsa maemo a kotsi a ED ho banna ba tlas'a 40 hangata li hlōlehile ho khetholla mabaka a atisang ho amahanngoa le ED ho banna ba hōlileng, tse kang ho tsuba, joala, botenya, bophelo ba bolulo, lefu la tsoekere, khatello ea kelello, lefu la pelo le hyperlipidemia [16]. ED e atisa ho hlalosoa e le ea psychogenic kapa ea manyolo. Maqheku a ED a amana le mabaka a kelello (mohlala, ho tepella maikutlong, khatello ea kelello, khatello ea kelello, kapa ho tšoenyeha ha ts'ebetso) ha tlhaho ea ED e 'nile ea bitsoa maemo a nama (mohlala, methapo ea pelo, li-hormone, li-anatomical kapa pharmacologic litla-morao) [[17]. Bakeng sa banna ba tlas'a 40, lefuba le tloaelehileng haholo ke ED, 'me bafuputsi ba hakanya hore ke 15% -20% feela ea linyeoe tse qalileng ka tlhaho [18].

Leha ho le joalo, ha ho le e 'ngoe ea lintho tse tloaelehileng tse amanang le khothaletso bakeng sa ED ea psychogenic e bonahalang e lekane ho ikarabella bakeng sa keketseho e potlakileng khafetsa ea mathata a bocha ba thobalano. Mohlala, bafuputsi ba bang ba nahana hore ho eketseha ha mathata a bocha ba thobalano e tlameha ebe ho bakoa ke mekhoa e sa pheleng hantle ea bophelo, joalo ka botenya, ts'ebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi le ho tsuba (lintlha tse amanang le nalane ea nalane ea ED). Leha ho le joalo likotsi tsena tsa bophelo ha li so fetohe ka ho lekana, kapa li fokotsehile, lilemong tse 20 tse fetileng: Sekhahla sa botenya ho banna ba Amerika ba lilemo li 20-40 se eketsehile feela 4% lipakeng tsa 1999 le 2008 [19]; Sekhahla sa tšebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi har'a baahi ba US ba lilemo li 12 kapa ho feta esale se tsitsitse lilemong tse 15 tse fetileng [20]; le litefello tsa batho ba baholo ba United States li fokotsehile ho tloha 25% ho 1993 ho 19% ho 2011 [21]. Bangoli ba bang ba fana ka mabaka a kelello. Leha ho le joalo, ho ka etsahala hore ebe ho tšoenyeha le ho tepella maikutlong ho na le mathata a ho kopanela liphate a bocha a fanoeng ke kamano e rarahaneng pakeng tsa takatso ea ho kopanela liphate le ho tepella maikutlong le ho tšoenyeha? Bakuli ba bang ba tepeletseng le ba tšoenyehileng ba tlaleha takatso e fokolang ea thobalano ha ba bang ba tlaleha takatso e eketsehileng ea thobalano [22,23,24,25]. Hase feela kamano pakeng tsa ho tepella maikutlong le ED e ka 'nang ea e-ba teng ka bobeli, e ka' na ea e-ba phello ea ho se sebetse ka thobalano, haholo-holo ho bahlankana [26]. Le hoja ho le thata ho lekanyetsa litekanyetso tsa maemo a mang a kelello a fetisetsoang ke tlaleho bakeng sa ho hōla ka bohale mathata a ho kopanela liphate, joaloka khatello ea kelello, likamano tse tepeletseng le thuto e sa lekaneng ea ho kopanela liphate, ke ho utloahalang hakaakang ho nahana hore lintlha tsena ke (1) le (2) li sebelisitse lihlahisoa tse lekaneng ho hlalosa keketseho e potlakileng ea mefuta-futa ea bothata ba botona le botšehali, joalo ka takatso ea ho kopanela liphate, bothata ba ho kopanela liphate le ED?

4. Liphello le Litlhahiso

Lintho tsa setso tse kileng tsa hlalosa mathata a thobalano ho banna li bonahala li sa lekana ho ikarabella bakeng sa keketseho e matla ea likamano tsa thobalano le takatso e tlase ea thobalano ho banna ba ka tlase ho lilemo tse 40. Lingoliloeng le litlaleho tsa rona tsa bongaka li hatisa tlhoko ea lipatlisiso tse batsi tsa litlamorao tsa bootsoa ba inthanete ho basebelisi, hantle ka ho ba le lihlooho ho tlosa mefuta e fapaneng ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng molemong oa ho bonts'a litlamorao tse ka bang teng tsa phetoho ea boits'oaro. Ka mohlala, phuputso ea 2015 e fumane hore litefiso tsa ho lieha ho theola (ho khetha ho ikhotsofatsa hanghang ho feta meputso e liehang ea boleng bo holimo) e fokotsehile ha barupeluoa ba phetseng hantle ba leka ho tlohela litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro Inthaneteng libeke tse tharo feela (ha li bapisoa le sehlopha se laolang se lekileng ho tela lijo tseo ba li ratang ka nako e tšoanang) [75]. Boits'oaro bo bobeli le mofuta oa sepheo se fanoeng ke mekhoa e ka sehloohong.

Le ha mathata a sa amaneng le thobalano a nkuoa e le a kelello, ka hona profinse ea litsebi tsa bophelo bo botle ba kelello, mathata a sa hlalosoang a thobalano a ntseng a hola haholo ho bahlankana (ED, bothata ba bothata ba botona le botšehali, takatso e tlase ea thobalano), ho fihlela moo a ka fetohelang ka ho tlohela litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa marang-rang, eseng ka lebaka la "ho tšoenyeha ka tšebetso" (ke hore, ho se sebetse ka thobalano, ICD-9 khoutu 302.7), leha ts'ebetso ea matšoenyeho e ka tsamaea le bona. Bafuputsi ba nakong e tlang ba tla hloka ho ela hloko litšobotsi tse ikhethang le litlamorao tsa ho tsamaisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng kajeno. Ntle le moo, ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro inthaneteng nakong ea bocha ba pele, kapa pele ho moo, e ka ba phapang ea bohlokoa.

Tlhaloso ea rona le litlaleho tsa meriana li boetse li totobatsa tlhoko ea lisebelisoa tsa ho hlahloba ho bona hore na ho ka ba le bothata ba bothata ba ho kopanela liphate, eseng le mathata a amanang le litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho banna ba phelang hantle. Hangata ho qetella ho ka tsosolosoa feela ka ho fetola boitšoaro. Hobane mathata a ho kopanela liphate a amanang le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ha a e-s'o ka a kenngoa ka ho khetheha ho hlahlojoa ka molao, bahlokomeli ba tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle ha ba ba hlophise kamehla, ba siea bakuli ba kotsing. Tabeng ena, e le ho hlahloba bakuli ka tsela e nepahetseng, ho ka 'na ha e-ba thata ho khetholla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa-ntle le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa-li thusitse ho ikhotsofatsa litho tsa botona kapa botšehali. Ka tloaelo, haeba bakuli ba ne ba se na bothata ba ho etsa lintho tse ts'oanang, ba tsosoa le ho qetella ha ba ntse ba ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali, empa ba tlalehile mathata nakong ea thobalano, ba ne ba nahana hore ba na le mathata a kelello, eseng manyolo, mathata. Leha ho le joalo, bakuli ba bacha ba botsa hore na bokhoni ba bona bo ka 'na ba nahana hore "ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali" ho bolela "ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali" ka hona, ho hlahlojoa hore ke "ho tšoenyeha ha mosebetsi", ha mathata a bona a ho kopanela liphate a amana le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Mokhoa o mong o bonolo oa bahlokomeli ba tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle ba ka 'na ba sebelisa ke ho botsa, "ebang mokuli a ka finyella le ho boloka erection e khotsofatsang (le ho qetella ka tsela eo ae ratang) ha a ipholla litho ntle le ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa Inthanete". Haeba a sa khone, empa a ka finyella lipakane tsena habonolo ka litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa Inthanete, joale ho se sebetse ha hae ka thobalano ho ka amahanngoa le tšebeliso ea eona. Ntle le ho sebelisa teko e joalo, ho na le kotsi ea ho hlahlojoa ka bohata ka "ho tšoenyeha ha ts'ebetso", le kotsi ea ho beha meriana e sa hlokahaleng ea meriana le (qetellong mohlomong ha e sebetse) phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors. Lintho tse ling tse bontšang hore litšebelisano tse hlephisang boitšoaro tse amanang le litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro Inthaneteng li ka 'na tsa e-ba ho lahleheloa ke likarolo tsa mantsiboea le / Phuputso e eketsehileng sebakeng sena e tiisitsoe.

Ho phaella moo, le hoja bafani ba tlhokomelo ea bophelo ba tlameha ho hlahloba mathata a kamano, ho itšepa ho tlaase, ho tepella maikutlong, ho tšoenyeha, PTSD, khatello ea kelello le mathata a mang a bophelo ba kelello, ba lokela ho ba hlokolosi ho nahana hore bophelo bo botle ba kelello ke sesosa sa ho se sebetse ka thobalano ho banna tlas'a 40. Kamano pakeng tsa lintlha tsena le ho se sebetse ka thobalano ho banna bahlankana ba ka 'na ba e-na le likamano tse peli tsa likamano tsa botona le botšehali, kapa li ka ba le phello ea ho se sebetse ka thobalano [26].

SLIDE 26

Ke bile ho litsebi tsa kelello le lingaka tsa mafu a kelello lilemong tse 8 tse fetileng. Ke fumanoe ke na le khatello ea maikutlo, khatello e matla ea sechaba, ho holofala ho matla ha mohopolo le ba bang ba 'maloa. Ke lekile Effexor, Ritalin, Xanax, le Paxil. O tlohetse likoleche tse peli tse fapaneng. Ke lelekiloe habeli. Pitsa e sebelisitsoeng ho kokobetsa matšoenyeho a ka sechabeng. Ke se ke kile ka atameloa ke basali ba 'maloa (ke nahana hore ka lebaka la chebahalo / maemo), empa ba ile ba fofa kapele ka lebaka la botebo ba ka bo makatsang. Ke bile lekhoba la porno le thata ho tloha ka 14.

Lilemong tse peli tse fetileng ke ntse ke leka, mme qetellong ka bona litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e le bothata. Ke e emisitse ka botlalo likhoeling tse peli tse fetileng. Ho bile thata haholo, empa ho fihlela joale ho bohlokoa haholo. Haesale ke tlohela meriana ea ka e setseng. ”

TŠEBELETSO EA SEHLOOHO:

Ena ke anecdote. Leha ho le joalo, ke ne ke bone makholo a kang a eona ka nako eo ke e entseng Boiteko bo Boholo ba Litšoantšo. Ho fanoe ka ts'ehetso ea borena bakeng sa "ho tsuba" Slide 11. Bona Slide 21 bakeng sa li-link tsa liforamu ke banna ba ileng ba tlosoa litšoantšong tsa bootsoa ' Sheba lihlooho tse latelang (le likarolo tsa litlhaloso tse ka tlaase ho lihlooho) bakeng sa litlhaloso tse eketsehileng tse tšoanang le li-anecdote tse hlahang puong.

• Ho tsosolosa leqephe la litlaleho tsa likhaolo 1
• Ho tsosolosa leqephe la litlaleho tsa likhaolo 2
• Litaba tsa ho khutlisa ED 1
• Litaba tsa ho khutlisa ED 2
• Litaba tsa ho khutlisa ED 3
• Litaba tsa ho khutlisa ED 4
• Litaba tsa ho khutlisa ED 5
• Litaba tsa ho khutlisa ED 6
• Litaba tsa ho khutlisa ED 7
• Litaba tsa ho khutlisa ED 8
• Na tšebeliso ea bootsoa e etsa hore ho tšoenyeha ha ka le boiketlo ba ka le maemo a ka mpefala?
• Na litšoantšo tse litšila li ka senya maikutlo a ka?
• Na tšebeliso ea litšoantšo e ka ama mohopolo le ho tsepamisa maikutlo?
• Ke melemo efe eo batho ba e bonang ha ba qala?
• Tlhahlobo e 'Ngoe ea Litlhapi
• Na litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa ka tsa bothanyana li bakoa?
• Ke na le li-asexual?
• Ke Hobane'ng ha ke Fumana Porn e Thabisang ho Feta Motsoalle?
• Litlokotsi-Tse bakang ho se sebetse ka thobalano ke bothata bo ntseng bo hōla 
• Na U ka Tšepa Johnson oa Hao?
• Ha ho Porn, ho Molemo ho Sebetsa Khopotso?
• Bashanyana ba Ileng ba Fana ka Bootsoa: Ho Kopanela Liphate le Lerato
• Ke otlolohile, empa ke hoheloa ke litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa bong bo fapaneng kapa ba bong bo fapaneng. Ke eng?
• Matšoao a ho sebelisa lithethefatsi tse ngata tsa Inthanete ke afe?

TŠEBELETSO E NTSENG:

Ts'ehetso ea matla le ea bongaka bakeng sa "ho tsuba" (litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng, papali ea inthanete) ho fokotsa kapa ho eketsa maemo a kelello le maikutlo ho fanoe ka tlasa Slide 11.

Ho lokela ho hlokomeloa hore ho tloha ha 2011 lihlooho tse makholo li phatlalalitsoe ho bontša hore ho na le mathata a mangata a lilemong tsa bocha (khatello ea kelello, ho tšoenyeha, ho tšoenyeha ha sechaba). Bongata ba litsebi tse qotsitsoeng lihloohong tsena li qotsa ho sebelisoa ha internet le ho amoheloa ha li-smartphone ka mokhoa o ka sehloohong oa ho eketseha ha mathata a bophelo ba kelello. Lihlooho tse seng kae tse joalo:

Ke Hobane'ng ha Bacha ba America ba Eketsehileng ho Feta Lefatše Ho Tšoenyeha ka Tšoenyeho e Khōlō? (2017) - Ntho e hlahang:

Ha ke botsa Eken ka litsela tse ling tse tšoenyang tsa bana ba tšoenyehileng, ha aa tsilatsila: mecha ea litaba tsa sechaba. Bacha ba tšoenyehileng ba limelo tsohle ba lula ba ipapisa le lithaka tsa bona, 'me liphello li batla li le mahlomoleng.

Bana ba ts'oenyehileng ka sebele ba ne ba le teng pele ho Instagram, empa batsoali ba bangata bao ke neng ke bua le bona ba tšoenyehile ka hore mekhoa ea bana ba bona ea digital - ho pota-pota ka nako e khutšoanyane ho arabela litemaneng, ho romella melaetsa ea sechaba, ho latela litloaelo tsa lithaka tse ts'oanelang-li ne li le molato oa mathata a bana ba bona. Ke ile ka makatsoa ke hore bacha ba tšoenyehileng ba ne ba rata ho lumela. Ha ke le Mountain Valley, ke ile ka mamela ha seithuti sa k'holejeng se ntse se e-na le filosofi e mabapi le likamano tsa moloko oa hae le litaba tsa sechaba. O re: "Ha ke nahane hore rea hlokomela hore na e ama maikutlo a rona le botho ba rona joang," o itse. "Boitsebiso ba sechaba ke sesebelisoa, empa e fetohile ntho eo re ke keng ra phela ntle le eona empa e etsa hore re be bohlanya."

Tabeng ea hae, o ne a se na pelaelo ea hore mecha ea litaba e etsa hore a itšepe haholoanyane. "Ha ke le sekolo se phahameng, ke ne ke lula ke ahlola hore na ke ikutloa ke le motho oa bohlokoa hakae Inthaneteng," o ile a mpolella, a hopola kamano ea hae e hlokofalitsoeng le Facebook. "Nka nahana, Oh, batho ha ba batle ho bona me melaong ea bona ea nako. "

Le hoja li-smartphone li ka tsosa matšoenyeho, li ka boela tsa sebetsa e le leano le lekaneng la ho qoba. Ha a ntse a loana, Jake o ne a qeta lihora tse ngata a sebelisa fono ea hae lapeng kapa sekolong. "E ne e le mokhoa oa hore ke se ke ka nahana ka lihlopha le kolecheng, eseng ho tlameha ho bua le batho," o ile a re. Batsoali ba Jake ba ile ba tšoha hoo ba ileng ba buisana le ngaka ea hae ea mafu a kelello ka eona 'me ba nka fono ea hae lihora tse' maloa bosiu bo bong le bo bong.

Nakong ea likopano ho batsoali ba oela ka lekhetlo la ho qetela ho NW Anxiety Institute e Portland, Ore., Kevin Ashworth, motsamaisi oa setsi sa bophelo, a ba lemosa ka "khopolo ea ho laola le ho tiisa" hore li-smartphone li fana ka bacha ba tšoenyehileng ba labalabela ho laola maemo a bona. "Bacha ba tla ea libakeng haeba ba ikutloa eka ba tseba ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e tla etsahala, haeba ba tseba motho e mong le e mong ea tla beng a le moo, haeba ba ka bona hore na ba hlahloba bo-intanete," Ashworth o boleletse batsoali. "Empa bophelo hase kamehla bo nang le mofuta o joalo oa nnete, 'me ha ho mohla ba khonang ho itlhakisa ka maqhomane, ho tsamaea ka boemo bo sa tsejoeng kapa ba boemo bo sa thabiseng ba sechaba le ho tseba hore ba ka e pholosa."

Jean Twenge, moprofesa oa thuto ea kelello Univesithing ea Naha ea San Diego ea phenyekolang bophelo bo botle ba kelello le maikutlo a kelello lilemong tsa meloko, o ne a e-na le lipelaelo tsa ba neng ba lla ka ho sebelisoa ha inthanete. "Ho ne ho bonahala ho le bonolo haholo tlhaloso bakeng sa liphello tse mpe tsa kelello-lilemong tsa bocha, 'me ho ne ho se na bopaki bo bongata bakeng sa eona," o ile a mpolella. O ile a batlisisa litlhaloso tse ling tse khonehang, tse kenyelletsang moruo. Empa nako eo lekhasi le neng le e-na le eona ho bacha ba tšoenyehileng le ba tepeletseng maikutlo ho tloha 2011, eo a ileng ae bitsa e 'ngoe ea bohale le e bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa eo ae boneng, "ke phoso eohle," o ile a re. "Moruo o ne o ntse o ntlafala nakong ea ha tsoelo-pele e qala."

Ha a ntse a batla litlhaloso, o ne a ntse a khutlela litseleng tse peli tse bonahalang li sa tsamaisane - ho tepella maikutlong ho bacha le ho amoheloa ke smartphone. (Ho na le dintlha tse ngata haholo mabapi le ho tepella maikutlong ho feta ho ba le matšoenyeho.) Ho tloha 2011, mekhoa ea litsela e eketsehile ka tekanyo e lekanang. Bukeng ea hae ea morao tjena "iGen," le ho e leng sehlooho se The Atlantic, Twenge e totobatsa lipatlisiso tse 'maloa tse hlahlobang ho amana pakeng tsa mecha ea phatlalatso le boithabiso. "Tšebeliso ea litaba tsa sechaba le li-smartphone li shebahala ka lebaka la keketseho ea lipapali tsa bacha tsa kelello," o ile a mpolella. "Ho lekane bakeng sa ho tšoaroa - 'me ha re ntse re fumana boitsebiso bo eketsehileng, ho ka ba ho lekana bakeng sa kholiseho."

Ho tšoenyeha ha bacha le ho tetebela maikutlong ha li ntse li phahama (2017) - Ntho e hlahang:

Batsoali ba bangata ba ka khetholla habonolo e 'ngoe ea liphoso tse kholo tsa 21st lekholong la lilemo tse amang bophelo bo botle ba kelello ba bacha: mecha ea litaba tsa sechaba. Bo-rasaense ba ntse ba sibolla palo e ntseng e eketseha ea likamano tse senyang pakeng tsa liwebsaete tsa metsoalle le mathata a bophelo ba kelello. Ha ho makatse: Bacha ba kotsing haholo ke khatello ea lithaka, e leng ho ba beha kotsing ea ho ba le mathata a ho kula kelellong kapa ho fokotsa mathata a meholo ka nako e eketsehileng litabeng tsa mecha ea litaba.

Liphuputso li bontša hore ho eketseha ha tšebeliso ea Facebook ho amana le boitlhompho bo tlaase le ho fokotsa khotsofalo ea bophelo. Ho boetse ho na le karolo ea likokoana-hloko: Ho feteletsa maikutlo ka nako e telele e entsoeng ke liwebsaete tsa metsoalle ho fetola tsamaiso ea methapo ea ntoa ho ea ntoeng-kapa-ho fofa, e etsang hore ho tepella maikutlo ha bacha le ho ba le matšoenyeho ho mpe. 'Me bothata ha bo tlohe haufinyane: karolo ea mashome a supileng a metso e tšeletseng ea bacha ba sebelisa melaetsa ea sechaba, mme karolo ea 50 ea bacha e ikutloa e lemaletse lisebelisoa tsa bona tsa lisebelisoa.

Na li-smartphone li senya moloko? (2017)

Leha ho le joalo, kelello ea bona e kotsing e fetang ea Lilemo tse Sekete: Litefiso tsa ho tepella maikutlo ha bacha le ho ipolaea li phahame ho tloha 2011. Hase ho feteletsa habonolo ho hlalosa iGen e le boemong ba bothata bo bobe ka ho fetisisa ba bophelo ba kelello ka lilemo tse mashome. Boholo ba ho senyeha hona ho ka fumanoa ho fono tsa bona.

Libaka tsa marang-rang a kang marang-rang a Facebook ho re hokahanya le metsoalle. Empa setšoantšo sa bacha ba iGen se hlahisang boitsebiso ke se seng sa moloko o jeoang ke bolutu, o senyehileng.

Ha e le hantle, litlhahlobo tsena ha li bontše nako eo ea skrine ka tsela e sa tobang lisosa ho se thabe; ho ka etsahala hore bacha ba sa thabeng ba qete nako e eketsehileng Inthaneteng. Empa lipatlisiso tsa morao-rao li bontša hore nako ea skrine, haholo-holo tšebelisano ea mecha ea sechaba, e hlile e baka ho hloka thabo.

Ho joalo le ho tepella maikutlong. Hape, liphello tsa mesebetsi ea skrine ke ntho e ke keng ea qojoa: Hangata bacha ba qeta nako ba shebile lisebelisoa, mohlomong ba tla tlaleha matšoao a ho tepella maikutlo.

Bacha ba qeta lihora tse tharo ka letsatsi kapa ho feta ka lisebelisoa tsa elektronike ke karolo ea 35 e kholoanyane ea ho ba le kotsing ea ho ipolaea, e kang ho etsa moralo oa boithati. (Ho feta feela kotsi e amanang le, ho re, ho shebeletse TV.) Letoto le le leng la lintlha tse sa tsejoeng empa ka mokhoa o hlollang le nka ho itšehla thajana ho bana, bakeng sa botle kapa bobe: Ho tloha 2007, palo ea ho bolaea ha bacha ho fokotsehile, empa ho ipolaea lebelo le eketsehile. Ha bacha ba se ba qalile ho qeta nako e seng kae ba le hammoho, ba se ba se ke ba bolaeana, 'me ba ka' na ba ipolaea. Ka 2011, ka lekhetlo la pele lilemong tsa 24, tekanyo ea boithaopo ea bocha e ne e feta tekanyo ea ho bolaoa ha bacha.

SLIDE 27

“Matšoenyeho a ka ha a eo. Mehopolo ea ka le tsepamiso ea ka li bohale ho feta leha e le neng pele. Ke ikutloa eka ke "makenete" oa likhoho, 'me ED ea ka le eona e felile. Ke nahana ka botebo hore ke tsoetsoe hape - monyetla oa bobeli bophelong. ”

TŠEBELETSO EA SEHLOOHO:

Sheba setšoantšo se fetileng.

TŠEBELETSO E NTSENG:

Tšehetso ea boipheliso bakeng sa ho ba teng ha litšila tse bakoang ke ho kopanela liphate ka thobalano e ne e fanoa ka li-Slides 21 ka 25.

Joalokaha ho hlalositsoe, litsebi li beha molato oa ho amoheloa ha li-smartphone le ho eketseha ha lisebelisoa tsa inthanete bakeng sa ho tlōla ho seng mohla ho kileng ha e-ba le mathata a kelello a bacha. Nakong eona ena nako ea ED e phahame har'a bahlankana.

Ho feta moo, palo ea liithuti tsa sekolong sa sekondari sa United States, tseo hona joale li kopanelang liphate (li kopanela liphate nakong ea likhoeli tse tharo tse fetileng) e theohile ho tloha 38% ho 1991 ho 30% ho 2015. Linaheng tsa Japane, tlhahlobo ea 2010 e fumane hore 36% ea banna ba Japane ba lilemo li 16 ho 19 ba ne ba sa thahaselle ho kopanela liphate, habeli palo ea 2008 (ke eng eo ho eona ho hlahang 2017?). Infographic e latelang e etsa hore sena sohle se be le pono e nepahetseng:

SLIDE 28

Ke ka hona mekotla ea bashanyana e hlahang hohle marang-rang. Libakeng tsa ho haha ​​'mele, libaka tsa libapali, libaka tsa lipapali - kae kapa kae moo banna ba phuthehang teng. Ba batla tsoalo e ncha ea methapo ea kutlo. Mona ke sehlopha ho Reddit.com, se ipitsang "fapstronauts." "Fapping" ke slang bakeng sa thobalano e le mong - empa ha e le hantle e bolela ho tlohela litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ba kentse litho tse 2000 ho tloha ha setšoantšo sena se nkuoe khoeling e fetileng.

TŠEBELETSO EA SEHLOOHO:

Mohloli oa mantlha - NoFap subreddit

Sheba Slide 21 bakeng sa li-link tsa liforamu ke banna ba ileng ba tlosoa litšoantšong tsa bootsoa '

TŠEBELETSO E NTSENG:

NoFap subreddit hona joale ho na le litho tsa 270,000 +.

NoFap.com, e qalileng ke mohlankana eo, hona joale o na le litho tse fetang 100,000

SLIDE 29

Tsamaiso ena ea ho tlohela litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e ntse e hōla. Ha e le hantle, lihlopha tsa lihlopha li phalla ho websaete ... Europe hape. Empa, ho na le fofa e makatsang mafura.

TŠEBELETSO EA SEHLOOHO:

Sheba Slide 21 bakeng sa li-link tsa liforamu ke banna ba ileng ba tlosoa litšoantšong tsa bootsoa '

TŠEBELETSO E NTSENG:

Kerafo e latelang ea mekhoa ea Google e senola kamoo "NoFap" e tsebahalang ka teng ho tloha ka Pherekhong, 2011:

SLIDE 30

Bacha ba lilemong tsa mashome a mabeli a metso e mabeli ha ba fumane bophelo bo botle ba erectile ka potlako ha ba bapala. Motho ea lilemo li 50 a ka khutlela joang ka potlako ho feta ntho ea 20? Karabo: Le hoja banna ba baholo ba sebelisitse litšoantšo tsa bootsoa nako e telele, ha baa ka ba qala ka litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa inthanete tse phahameng. Rea tseba hore sena ke sesebelisoa sa bohlokoa - hobane basebelisi ba tsofetseng ha ba hlahise mathata a thobalano a amanang le thobalano ho fihlela ka mor'a hore ba fumane Inthanete ka potlako.

TŠEBELETSO EA SEHLOOHO:

Masola a 21 ka 25 a fana ka ts'ehetso ea bongaka le ea tšehetso ea ho ba teng ha litšila tse bakoang ke thobalano. Tšehetso ea pele bakeng sa banna ba bacha ba nka nako e teletsana ho khutlisa thobalano le libido e ka fumanoa litabeng tsa ho khutlisetsa litšoantšo tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa:

• Ho tsosolosa leqephe la litlaleho tsa likhaolo 1
• Ho tsosolosa leqephe la litlaleho tsa likhaolo 2
• Litaba tsa ho khutlisa ED 1
• Litaba tsa ho khutlisa ED 2
• Litaba tsa ho khutlisa ED 3
• Litaba tsa ho khutlisa ED 4
• Litaba tsa ho khutlisa ED 5
• Litaba tsa ho khutlisa ED 6
• Litaba tsa ho khutlisa ED 7
• Litaba tsa ho khutlisa ED 8

TŠEBELETSO E NTSENG:

Ka bomalimabe, Slide 30 e siiloe ke nako. Bahlankana ba bangata ba nang le ts'oaetso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa joale ba hloka likhoeli tsa 6, likhoeli tsa 9, esita le lilemo tse 1-2 ho khutlisa ts'ebetso ea thobalano. Lilemong tse kenang YBOP e phatlalalitse lingoloa tse hlalosang mokhoa ona o tšoenyang (lingoliloeng li kenyelletsa "lipale tse telele tsa ho hlaphoheloa"):

• Bacha ba Batlang Litšoantšo ba Hlokahala ba Hloka Nako e telele Hore ba fumane Mojo oa bona
• Ho tla nka nako e kae ho hlaphoheloa ke erectile dysfunction (PIED) e bakoang ke litšoantšo tse hlephisang boitšoaro?
• Ho hlaphoheloa ha ka ho tsoa ts'ebetsong ea erectile ea bootsoa ho nka nako e telele haholo - ke etsa eng?
• Lit soant so Hona joale le Hona joale: Lumelloa ho Koetliso ea Boko
• Ke Hobane'ng ha U sa Lokela ho Shebella Pornny Watch Watch Haeba a U Rata?

Ha ho na thuto e ka bapisoang le linako tsa ho khutlisa ED bakeng sa lihlopha tse fapaneng tsa lilemo.

SLIDE 31

Bacha ba kajeno ba qala litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba inthanete ka potlako ha boko ba bona bo le tlhōrōng ea tlhahiso ea dopamine le neuroplasticity. Hape ke hona ha ba kotsing ea ho lemalla. Empa ho na le kotsi e 'ngoe hape:

TŠEBELETSO EA SEHLOOHO:

Ka 2012 ho ne ho tsejoe hantle hore bacha ke sehlopha se kotsing ea ho lemala. Litsebi tsa methapo-hloko li fana ka maikutlo a hore tsamaiso ea moputso oa mali e kopanetsoeng hammoho le immature prefrontal cortex e tlatsetsa kotsing ena ho feta ho ja lithethefatsi le meputso ea tlhaho. Lithuto tsa liphoofolo le tsa batho li ne li hlokometse hore boko ba lilemong tsa bocha bo holimo phasic tlhahiso ea dopamine (ho utloisisa dopamine) ha ka nako e tšoanang e ntse e e-ba le liphetoho tse potlakileng tsa phekolo ea mali (ho ithuta). Dopamine e sebetsa e le pontšo ea ho ithuta e ka lebisa ho lemalla ntho. Tse ling tsa lihlooho tse ngata, liphuputso, le litlhaloso tse tšehetsang lipolelo tsena:

Puisano le mofuputsi ea tummeng oa bongaka Jay Giedd, (Puisano ea PBS Frontline):

Ke eng eu makatsang ka ho sheba boko ba bocha?

Ntho e makatsang ka ho fetesisa ebile hore na boko ba bacha bo fetoha hakae. Ha a le lilemo li tšeletseng, boko bo se bo ntse bo le liperesente tse 95 tsa boholo ba bona ba batho ba baholo. Empa karolo e putsoa, ​​kapa karolo e nahanang ea boko, e ntse e tsoela pele ho tenya bongoaneng bohle ha lisele tsa boko li fumana likhokahano tse eketsehileng, joalo ka sefate se holang makala a mang, makala le metso. Karolong e ka pele ea boko, karolo ea boko e amehang kahlolong, tlhophiso, ho rala, ho rala leano - litsebo tseo bacha ba ntlafalang le ho feta ho tsona - ts'ebetso ena ea ho tenya taba e bohlooho e fihla lilemong tse ka bang 11 ho banana le lilemo tse 12 ho bashanyana, hoo e batlang e le nako e le 'ngoe le bohlankana.

Ka mor'a tlhōrō eo, taba e bohlooho e ntse e tetebela ha ho kopana ho feteletseng ho felisoa kapa ho pongoa. Boholo ba lipatlisiso tsa rona bo lebisitse ho leka ho utloisisa hore na ho na le tšusumetso efe kapa ho tataisa sethaleng sa mohaho ha taba ea bohlooho e ntse e hōla makala a eketsehileng le likhokahanyo le hore na ke eng e tataisang mohato oa ho qeta kapa oa ho khaola ha bothata bo fetisitsoeng bo felisoa.

Hona u nahana hore see se ka bolela eng, keketseho ee e thabisang ea lilemong tseo tsa bocha?

Ke nahana hore kholo e fetelletseng nakong ea lilemo tsa bohlankana kapa boroetsana e fa boko bokhoni bo boholo. Bokhoni ba ho ba le tsebo libakeng tse fapaneng bo ntse bo aha ka linako tseo. Litšusumetso ke tsa botsoali kapa matichere, sechaba, phepo e nepahetseng, tšoaetso ea baktheria le vaerase - lintlha tsena kaofela - mohatong ona oa kaho, re qala ho leka ho utloisisa. Empa mohato oa ho faola limela o kanna oa ba o khahla le ho feta, hobane mohopolo oa rona o ka sehloohong oa seo ke "E sebelise kapa o lahleheloe". Lisele le likhokahano tse sebelisoang li tla phela le ho atleha. Lisele le likhokahano tse sa sebelisoeng li tla pona le ho shoa.

Kahoo haeba mocha a etsa 'mino kapa lipapali kapa barutehi, ke tsona lisele le likhokahano tse tla ba thata. Haeba ba paqame sofeng kapa ba bapala lipapali tsa video kapa MTV, tseo ke lisele le likhokahano tse tla [phela].

Nako ea bohlankana le bongoana ke nako ea bohlokoa ka ho fetesisa ea ho betla kelello hore e etsahale. Joalo ka David oa Michelangelo, o qala ka lejoe le leholo la granite tlhorong ea lilemo tsa bohlankana. Joale bonono bo etsoa ka ho tlosa likotoana tsa morema-phofu, 'me ke ka tsela eo boko le bona bo itšilafatsang ka eona. E kholo ha e hlile ha e betere, ho seng joalo tlhoro ea ts'ebetso ea boko e ka etsahala ha motho a le lilemo li 11 kapa 12.… Tsoelo-pele e tlisoa ke ho tlosa le ho faola likhokahano tse ling ka botsona.

Khatelo-pele ea bohlankana ba lilemong tsa bocha: nako e boima ea ts'oaetso ea ho lemala (2007) - Litlhaloso tse hlahang:

Khōlo ea li-cortical le ho lokisoa ha eona e ntse e tsoela pele ho tloha ho tsoaloa ho tloha bocheng le ho ba bocha ho ea ho batho ba baholo ba tsitsitseng ba fetoha butle-butle ho ea bocha. Ho na le linako tse mahlonoko tsa tsoelo-pele ea likorale ha liphihlelo tse khethehileng li etsa hore li-rearrangements le thuto li se ke tsa etsahala nakong ea bohlokoa. Bocha bo hlalosoa ka mekhoa ea boitšoaro e kenyeletsang maemo a phahameng a kotsi, ho hlahloba, mokhoa o mocha le ho batla maikutlo, ho sebelisana le sechaba le boitšoaro bo bapala. Ho phaella moo, bocha ke nako ea ho qetela ea tsoelo-pele ea batho ba baholo nakong eo litalenta, ho beha mabaka le mekhoa e metle ea boitšoaro ba batho ba baholo li hōlileng ka ho feletseng. Ts'oaetso ena ea boitšoaro e lumellana le nako ea liphetoho tse hlakileng ho "neurogenis, cortical synaptic" "remodeling", "receptors" ea "neurotransmitter" le "transporters" hammoho le liphetoho tse kholo lihomone. Tsoelo-pele ea likorale e se e le bocha 'me mohlomong e tlatsetsa ntlafatsong ea ho beha mabaka, pakane le maemo a bohlokoa, ho laola maikutlo le ho hlahloba meputso e telele le e khutšoanyane. Batho ba lilemong tsa bocha ba noa joala haholo ebile ba sebelisa lithethefatsi tse ling. Tlhahlobo ena e fana ka liphuputso tse tšehetsang bocha ha e le nako ea bohlokoa ea ntlafatso ea likorale tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa ho theha litšoaneleho tsa batho bohle ba baholo tse ferekanngoa ke ts'ebeliso ea joala le lithethefatsi.

Boko ba lilemong tsa bocha: tsebo e tsoang ho lihlooho tse ling (2008) - Litlhaloso tse hlahang:

Batsoali ba seng bakae ba mocha ba makala ha ba utloa hore boko ba lilemo tsa 16 bo fapane le boko ba lilemo tsa 8. Leha ho le joalo ho fokotsa phapang ena ka tsela e thata ea saense e 'nile ea e-ba thata. Papiso ea mahlaseli a mahlaseli a maiketsetso, a nang le bokhoni ba ho fana ka litemana tse nepahetseng tse nepahetseng tsa bokhoni ba boko le 'mele ea bokooa ntle le tšebeliso ea mahlaseli a kotsi, a hlahisitse mehla e ncha ea li-neuroscience ea bacha. Liphuputso tsa nako e telele tsa lihlooho tse qalileng lilemo tsa 3-30 li bontša mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa litlhōrō tsa bongoana tse lateloang ke ho fokotseha ha lilemong tsa bocha, ho eketseha ka tsela e sebetsang le ea moralo ho hokahanngoa le ho sebetsana le ts'ebetso e kopanetsoeng, le phapanyetsano e tsitsitseng pakeng tsa limbic / subcortical le frontal lobe mesebetsi, e atolosa hantle ho fihlela e le motho e moholo.

Nako ea phetoho: Boits'oaro le mekhoa e metle ea kutloisiso ea bocha ea ho ba le tšusumetso e matla le e tsitsitseng ea tikoloho (2010) - Litlhaloso tse hlahang:

Bocha ke nako ea tsoelo-pele e kenyang liphetoho tse kholo moeeng oa boits'oaro le oa ho susumetsa batho ka bobeli le ho ba batho ba baholo, ho kenyelletsa le matla a holimo a ho kopanela boitšoarong bo kotsi le boiphihlelo bo sa feleng bo bobe le labile. Tlhahlobo ena e bua ka liphetoho tse amang maikutlo le tse susumetsang bacha le mekhoa ea bona ea li-neural, tse lebisang tlhokomelo e matla pakeng tsa amygdala, ventral striatum le prefrontal cortex. Liphetoho tse tloaelehileng tsa boitšoaro nakong ea bocha li ka amahanngoa le boikarabelo bo matla ba ho susumetsa maikutlo le maikutlo a maikutlo ha bokhoni ba ho sebetsa ka mokhoa o atlehileng oa taolo ea kutloisiso le maikutlo a ntse a sa fetohe.

Ntlafatso ea Bacha ea Leano la Moputso (2010) - Litlhaloso tse hlahang:

Bafuputsi ba 'nile ba sebelisa litšoantšo tse sebetsang ka matla a motlakase (fMRI) hammoho le meputso ea lipapali ho hlahloba likhopolo tse peli tse hanyetsanang mabapi le liphetoho tse hōlisang lilemong tsa bocha lilemong tsa ho ntlafatsa moputso. Khopolo-taba e 'ngoe e bontša hore striatum e batla eka ha e na boikaketsi ho meputso nakong ea bocha, e leng ho eketsang boitšoaro ba ho batla meputso hoa hlokahala ho finyella ts'ebetso e tšoanang le ea batho ba baholo. Pono e 'ngoe e fana ka maikutlo a hore nakong ea bocha, tsamaiso ea meputso e hlaselang e sa amohelehe, e leng se tla fella ka ho batla moputso o moholo. Le hoja bopaki ba litsebi tsa bobeli bo tlalehiloe, tšimo e atisa ho fetola maikutlo ana a ho qetela a thehiloeng bopaking bo qobelloang.

Karabo e ikhethang ea bocha ho liphoso tsa ho bolela esale pele tsa moputso (2010) - Litlhaloso tse hlahang:

Mosebetsi o fetileng o bontšitse hore bacha ba ka 'na ba e-na le tšitiso e ntle ho meputso; ha ho tsejoe hore na ke karolo efe ea moputso o sebetsang ho sena. Re ile ra arola lipontšo tsa phoso le tsa ho bolela esale pele 'me ra fumana hore lipontšo tsa phoso tsa neural se boleloang ke li-striatum li ne li le bocha, athe melaetsa ea neural decision value e fapane ho itšetlehile ka hore na bohlokoa bo ile ba etsisoa joang. Sena se fana ka maikutlo a hore karolo e le 'ngoe ea ho batla litlhophiso tsa bacha e ka' na ea eketsoa ke boikarabelo ba phoso ea dopaminergic.

Bokooa ba bacha bo fetisa meputso, ho fana ka maikutlo a motso oa boitšoaro bo kotsi, mafu a kelello (2011) - Litlhaloso tse hlahang:

Sehlopha se tlaleha ho eona Journal of Neuroscience hore litlaleho tsa elektrode tsa motho e moholo le ea lilemong tsa bocha tsa boko bo sebetsang nakong ea ts'ebetsong ea mosebetsi o fanoang ke moputso o bontša hore boko ba bacha bo nka meputso ka thabo e kholo ho feta boko ba batho ba baholo. Taba ena e tsosang takatso e bile teng ka matla a fapaneng ho pholletsa le thuto hammoho le ho hlophisa ho hongata ha boko ba bacha. Boko ba likhoto tse kholo, ka lehlakoreng le leng, bo ile ba sebetsana le moputso oa bona ka ho tsitsisa le ho thibela ho thibela.

Phapang e fetelletseng ea ts'ebetso ea boko e fana ka tlhaloso e ka bang teng ea 'mele ea hore na hobaneng bacha ba le bonolo ho feta batho ba baholo ho itšoara ka lepotlapotla, bokhoba le mafu a kelello, ho boletse mofuputsi ea etelletseng pele Bita Moghaddam, moprofesa oa thuto ea methapo ea kutlo Sekolong sa Bonono le Saense sa Pitt.

Ho Braking le ho potlakisa Boko ba Bacha (2011) - Litlhaloso tse hlahang:

Bocha ke nako ea tsoelo-pele eo hangata e khetholloang e le nako ea ho khetha lintho tse sa tsitsang le tse kotsi ho lebisa tlhokomelong e eketsehileng ea likotsi tse se nang boikemisetso le pefo, tšebeliso e mpe ea joala le lithethefatsi, bokhachane bo sa lebelloang le mafu a tšoaetsanoang ka thobalano. Litlhaloso tsa mekhoa ea metsoako ea maikutlo le litsebo tsa liketso tsa khethollo le liketso tse joalo li hlōlehile ho ikarabella bakeng sa liphetoho tse sa reng letho ka boitšoaro bo hlokometsoeng nakong ea bocha, ho ea ka bongoaneng le ho ba batho ba baholo. Tlhahlobo ena e fana ka khopolo-taba e hlakileng ka mokhoa oa libopeho tsa mekhoa ena ea liphetoho tse sa fetoheng libokeng, e le ho se leka-lekane pakeng tsa kutloisiso e ntseng e eketseha le ho laola mokhoa oa ho ba le ts'oaetso. Litšoantšo tsa morao tjena tsa thuto ea liphoofolo le lithuto tsa liphoofolo li fana ka motheo oa tlhaho bakeng sa pono ena, e fana ka maikutlo a ho nts'etsopele ho fapana ha tsamaiso ea li-picortical limbic system mabapi le mekhoa e holimo ea ho laola nakong ea bocha ho tloha bongoaneng le ho ba batho ba baholo.

Dopamine neurons sebakeng sa ventral tegmental mollo ka potlako linthong tsa bacha ho feta batho ba baholo (2012) - Litlhaloso tse hlahang:

Qetellong, VTA dopamine neurons e chesa ka potlako nakong ea bocha, mohlomong hobane molumo oa GABA o eketseha ha likhofu li fihla ho batho ba baholo. Tlhōrō ena ea litekanyetso tsa ho thunya nakong ea bocha e lumellana le eona e emelang nako e ts'ireletsehang ea ho hlahisa lithethefatsi tse lemalloang lithethefatsi.

Mekhoa e khothatsang nakong ea bocha: ho ka etsahala hore ho be le phapang pakeng tsa lilemo tsa tšebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi le mekhoa e meng ea likotsi tsa ho sebelisa likotsi (2010) - Litlhaloso tse hlahang:

Bocha ke karolo ea tsoelo-pele e khetholloang ke liphetoho tse ikhethang bokong le boitšoarong. Bacha ba fapaneng le mefuta e fapa-fapaneng ha ba bontše keketseho ea ho ipeha kotsing le mokhoa o sa tloaelehang oa ho batla boitšoaro, empa hape ba bonts'a litšebelisano tse phahameng tsa setsoalle le lithaka tsa bona. Liphetoho tsa bongobo libakeng tse amehang ho phelisang boitšoaro bo amanang le ts'usumetso le moputso li ka 'na tsa kenya letsoho ho hlalosang bacha bana-boitšoaro bo tloaelehileng. Lenaneo la moputso oa pele kapa o feteletsoeng, mohlomong le amanang le boikarabelo bo fetisitsoeng ba NAC, le ka lebisa tlhokomelong e matla ea lits'ebeletso tse ntle tsa meputso nakong ea tsoelo-pele ena. Bopaki bo eketsehileng ba boits'oaro bo bontša hore bacha ba ka 'na ba bonahatsa ho ba le kutloisiso e fokolang ea lintho tse tsosang takatso, mohlomong ka karolo e itseng ka liphetoho tsa nts'etsopele ea likaroloana tsa neural tsa mekhoa e ts'oanang ea ts'ehetso, le hoja mekhoa ea neural e tsamaisanang le thepa e sa tsitsang e sa etsoa ka mokhoa o tsitsitseng nakong ea bocha.

TŠEBELETSO E NTSENG:

Lintlha tse latelang ke sampling e nyane ea litlhahlobo tsa morao-rao le lipatlisiso tse tšehetsang lipolelo tse hlahisitsoeng ka Slide 31.

Tlhaho le tlhokomelo li khahloa ka ntle ho setsi sa moputso oa boko (2012) - Litlhaloso tse hlahang:

Ba ile ba fihlela liqeto tse peli tse ka sehloohong. Ntlha ea pele, lefutso la liphatsa tsa lefutso le liphihlelo tsa motho ka bomong tse etsang hore e mong le e mong oa rona a ikhethoe a na le tšusumetso ea bohlokoa mosebetsing oa dopamine ho striatum. Ka tloaelo tsena ke liphihlelo tse etsahalang hamorao bophelong, bocheng kapa bocheng ba pele, "o hlalosa Stokes. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, maemo a tikolohong ea lelapa, joaloka phihlelo ea ho arolelana lehae le ho hōla hammoho, ha a na tšusumetso e fokolang kapa e se nang letho.

Taba ea bobeli, limbic striatum - karolo ea mantlha ea moputso le tšusumetso - e amehile haholo ke liphihlelo tseo ho feta likarolo tse ling. Sena se fana ka maikutlo a makatsang hore setsi sa boithabiso le boits'oaro boo e bo tataisang li betliloe haholo ke liphihlelo tsa bophelo ho fapana le liphatsa tsa lefutso. Liphephetso tsena li phephetsa likhopolo tse fetileng tsa hore ts'ebetso ea dopamine e ka futsetsoa ka kotloloho, e etsa hore lisosa tsa schizophrenia le ho lemala li makatse le ho feta.

Molemo oa ho Hopola? Mohlomong u ka etsa qeto ea ho ba mocha (2012) - Litlhaloso tse hlahang:

Setsebi sa kelello Dr. Steve Janssen o boletse hore ho na le lintho tse ngata tse hopola lintho tse pakeng tsa lilemo tsa 10 le 20 ho feta nako leha e le efe ea bophelo. O itse ha batho ba ntse ba hopola hantle liketsahalo tsa bohlokoa tse kang lenyalo, ho reka ntlo kapa tsoalo ea ngoana ho tloha nakong efe kapa efe ea bophelo ba bona, ho hopola lintho tse tsoang lilemong tse leshome tsa bophelo ba bona ho tla ba ngata haholo le tšusumetso.

Ngoana ea lilemong tsa bocha oa neurodevelopment (2013) - Litlhaloso tse hlahang:

Liphetoho tsa boko ba bocha li kenyelletsa liphetoho tse tsoelang pele le tse fetohang tse hlahisitsoeng sebakeng seo 'me li thusa ho ntlafatsa boitsebiso bo sebetsang ba boko bo sebetsang. Hona joale ho na le mekhoa ea ho laola mekhoa ea ho thibela ho thibela ho itšireletsa e ka hlōloang tlas'a maemo a maikutlo, boko ba bocha bo amahanngoa le ka linako tse ling ho kenyelletsoa libaka tsa bokooa tse nang le moputso, athe ho utloahala ho thibela maikutlo ho ka 'na ha fokotsoa. Ka nako ena, phetoho ea nts'etsopele e tsoang ho bo-pula-maliboho bo boholo ba boko bo qalong ea bophelo ho ea boemong bo tsitsitseng ba boko ba bokooa bo ntse bo tsitsitse haholoanyane ho polasetiki ho feta ho bonoa ha motho a le moholo, mohlomong ho fana ka monyetla oa phihlelo e itseng-e susumelitsoeng ho betla boko ba bocha.

Ntlafatso ea bongobo nakong ea bocha: tsebo ea kelello nakong ea tsoelo-pele (2013) - Litlhaloso tse hlahang:

Bocha ke karolo ea bophelo pakeng tsa bongoaneng le ho ba motho e moholo. Ka tloaelo, bacha ba batla ho fapanyetsana, liphihlelo tse ncha le maikutlo a matla, ka linako tse ling ba beha bophelo ba bona kotsing e tebileng. Liphuputso tse ncha tsa kelello ea tsoelo-pele le tsebo ea kelello li senola hore ho hlophisoa ha bohlokoa hoa boko ho etsahala lilemong tsa bocha. Nakong ea tsoelo-pele ea boko ba bokooa, boholo bo boholo ba taba e bohlooho bo fihlile pele ho motsoako oa motlakase oa motlakase, 'me lekhotla la prefrontal le ntse le hōla. Libaka tse sa tšoaneng tsa kelello, haholo-holo tsamaiso ea maiketsetso le tsamaiso ea moputso, nts'etsopele pele ho moo, e le hore ho be le ho se leka-lekane nakong ea bocha pakeng tsa libaka tse hōlileng ka ho fetisisa tse ntseng li hōlile le libaka tse fokolang tse ntseng li hōlile. Sena se ka 'na sa ikarabella bakeng sa mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea boitšoaro ba bacha, ho akarelletsa le ho nka kotsi. Bokosetiki bo phahameng ba boko ba bocha bo lumella tšusumetso ea tikoloho hore e be le liphello tse matla ka ho khetheha ho potoloho ea li-circular. Le hoja sena se etsa hore kelello le tsoelo-pele ea maikutlo li khonehe, e boetse e bula monyako oa tšusumetso e kotsi.

Tlhokomelo ea bocha ba ho ba le tsebo ea bocha le ts'ebeliso ea moputso: sepheo sa ho nka kotsi le ho sebelisa lithethefatsi (2013) - Litlhaloso tse hlahang:

Bocha ke nako e ikhethang, ea phetoho ea kholo ea motho. Hang ha ho tsebahala ha nako ena ke lintlafatso tse tsoelang pele (tse amanang le bana) taolong ea kutloisiso, bokhoni ba mantlha ba kelello bo nolofalletsang 'top-down', taolo e sa feleng ea boits'oaro. Leha ho le joalo, ha bacha ba fetohela maemong a ho holisa tsebong (batho ba baholo), mefokolo e ntse e le teng molemong oa ho sebelisa taolo ea kutloisiso khafetsa le ka mokhoa o fetohang maemong a fapaneng ho isa mashome a mabeli a lilemo. Bocha bo boetse bo tšoauoa ka litlhoro tsa maikutlo, boiphihlelo, le boits'oaro ba ho batla meputso eo ho nahanoang hore e bakoa ke keketseho e tloaelehileng ea ho arabela likarolong tsa boko ba maoto le matsoho, ho qala ho tloha bohlankaneng. Kholiso e sa tsitsang ea lits'ebetso tsena nakong ea bocha e kanna ea kenya letsoho ho nkeng liqeto tse holileng, e susumetsoa ka matla ke lits'ebetso tsa moputso oa 'tlase-tlase', mme e ka thusa ho hlalosa keketseho e hlokometsoeng ea boits'oaro ba ho nka bohato nakong ea bocha. Leqepheng lena, ho butsoa ka mokhoa o sebetsang le o sebetsang lits'ebetsong tsa boko tse ts'ehetsang moputso le ts'ebetso ea taolo ea ts'ebetso li hlahlojoa e le mokhoa oa ho utloisisa hantle ho ipeha kotsing. Ho hatisoa haholo boiteko ba bacha ba ho sebelisa lithethefatsi e le mohlala o ikhethang oa boits'oaro bo kotsi.

Bacha ba lilemong tsa bocha ba batla ho fumana meputso (2014) - Litlhaloso tse hlahang:

Galvan, setsebi sa methapo ea kutlo Univesithing ea California, Los Angeles, moetapele oa thuto o hlalositse ka botlalo marang-rang ka Mantaha ho koranta ea Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Matšoao a likokoana-hloko tsa bana ba lilemong tsa bocha Ho sebelisoa le ho ba le mekhoa e feteletseng ea boits'oaro: Boemo ba thibelo le thibelo (2014) - Litlhaloso tse hlahang:

Bocha ke nako ea liphetoho tse kholo tsa li-biologic, tsa kelello le tsa boitšoaro. Bocha bo boetse bo amahanngoa le kotsi e eketsehileng ea tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi le mathata a ho lemalla. Nakong ea bocha, liphetoho tsa nts'etsopele ho potoloho ea li-neural tsa ts'ebeliso ea moputso, tšusumetso, ho laola mohopolo, le khatello ea kelello li ka tlatsetsa tsotsing ea likarolo tse eketsehileng tsa boitšebelisano le lithethefatsi tse sa sebeliseng lithethefatsi. Mefuta ea hona joale ea li-biologic ea bacha ba kotsing ea ho lemala e kenyelletsa dintlha tse teng mabapi le liphetoho tsa allostatic tse sebetsang le moralo oa methapo ea methapo ea dopaminergic, khatello ea kelello e amanang le khatello ea kelello, le ho se leka-lekane ho hoholo ha maemo pakeng tsa ho laola tsebo le moputso oa reactivity. Kutloisiso e ntlafetseng ea lefu la ho qetela ha lilemong tsa bocha le ho lemala ho na le monyetla oa ho ntlafatsa ho hlahloba, ho ntlafatsa mekhoa ea ho thibela le ho kenella, le ho tsebisa leano la sechaba.

Tlhahiso e sa nepahaleng ea ho hōla ha boko nakong ea bocha (2015) - Litlhaloso tse hlahang:

Libaka tsa boko ba motho li hlaha ka sekhahla se fapaneng lilemong tse mashome a mabeli tse qalang tsa bophelo, tse ling li hola pele ho tse ling. Ho 'nile ha nahanoa hore ho se tšoane hantle ha nako ea kholo e pakeng tsa libaka tsa subcortical (tse amehang ho ameheng le ho sebetsong ha moputso) le libaka tse etsoang pele (tse amehang taolong ea kutloisiso) li thehiloe keketsehong ea boits'oaro ba ho ipeha kotsing le maikutlo a ho batla maikutlo a bonoang nakong ea bocha. Boholo ba ts'ehetso ea khopolo-taba ena ea 'mekhoa e' meli 'e ipapisitse le lintlha tse fapaneng,' me ha ho tsejoe hore na mokhoa ona o teng boemong ba motho ka mong …… Ha ho kopanngoa, ho bonahala eka ho se tšoane hantle hoa kholo ea kholo ea mmele ho teng nakong ea nts'etsopele ea methapo ea kutlo. batho ka bomong.

Liphetoho tsa nako e telele ho bacha ba kotsing ea ho nka likarabo: thuto e feletseng ea likarabo tsa mahlaseli bakeng sa meputso, tsoelo-pele ea phatlalatsa le boitšoaro ba ho ipeha kotsing (2015) - Litlhaloso tse hlahang:

Liphuputso tse entsoeng pele ho moo li bontšitse ho kena lilemong tsa bocha e le nako ea ts'oaetso e eketsehileng, e leng e nkiloe ka lebaka la ts'ebetso ea moputso oa bokhoni bo bokong ....

Liphuputso tsa longitudinal li tiisitse hore lilemo tsa lilemo tse lilemo li le lilemo li lekaneng bakeng sa kakaretso ea ho fumana meputso (ho phalla bocha), 'me mokhoa o tšoanang oa quadratic o fumanoe bakeng sa ho nka kotsi ea laboratori (BART). Phetoho ea phetoho ea Nucleus accumbens e ne e amana haholoanyane le phetoho ea testosterone le boitsebiso bo nang le boikutlo ba moputso (BAS Drive). Ka hona, tlhahlobo ena ea nako e telele e fana ka temohisiso e ncha ea ho ipeha kotsing le ho fana ka moputso ho bocha: (1) ho tiisa hore mocha oa tlhōrō o sebetsa mokokotlong, 'me (2) o totobatsa karolo ea bohlokoa bakeng sa li-hormone tsa phatlalatsa le mekhoa e fapaneng ea ts'oaetso ea kotsi.

Ngoana ea lilemong tsa bocha oa ho lemala: Nako e ncha (2015) - Litlhaloso tse hlahang:

Ho 'nile ha nkoa e le nako e telele ho ba mocha e le nako ea liphetoho tse khōlō' meleng le boitšoarong. Morao tjena ho ntse ho nkoa hore ke nako ea liphetoho tse khōlō bokong. Tsoelo-pele mekhoeng ea theknoloji ea boitsebiso bo hlophisitsoeng e entse hore tsebo ea sebōpeho le sebōpeho sa boko boko bo ntse bo fumaneha.

Mekhoa e meholo e sebelisang motsoako oa matla a khoheli (MRI) ho khetholla bokooa ba boko ba lilemong tsa bocha lilemong tsa bophelo bo botle le ho kula, hangata li kopantsoe le liphatsa tsa lefutso le mehato e tsitsitseng ea boitšoaro le tikoloho, li qala ho fana ka tlhaloso ea hore na ke hobane'ng ha bacha e le nako ea monyetla le oa ts'oaetso .

Nakong ea bocha, boko ha bo hōle ka ho ba kholoanyane le ho feta. E hōla ka hore e be e hokahanngoa le ho feta.

Kopano e ntseng e eketseha, kapa lipuisano pakeng tsa libaka tsa boko bo sa arohaneng tse nang le bolaoli bo phahameng ba mekhatlo ea neural, e bonts'oa ka mekhoa e mengata le litekanyetso tsa lipatlisiso. Liphuputso tsa menyetla e telele ea nako e telele li bontša ho thehoa ha li-synaptic tse matla nakong ea bocha. Tšebelisano e kholo ea mesebetsi ea motlakase (tekanyo ea hore na mosebetsi o mong sebakeng se le seng o ka boleloa esale pele ho tsoa mosebetsing o mong) o bontšoa ke lithuto tse sebelisang EEG. Ka ho ts'oanang, lipatlisiso tsa fMRI tse hlahlobang mali a tsoang mali li boetse li bontša mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa ho sebelisana haholoanyane libakeng tse arohaneng. Hape lithuto tsa MRI tse hlophisitsoeng li fumana ho eketseha ha taba e tšoeu ka nako ea bocha nakong ea bocha ho bonahatsa ho ts'oaea le ho eketseha ka tsela e tsoelang pele ka lebelo la puisano ea mahlaseli.

Boitsebiso bo ntseng bo eketseha ba boko ba bocha bo hlalosoa ka tsela e sa tobang e le ho fokotseha ha lipalo tse bohlooho nakong ea lilemo tse leshome tse peli, le hoja mosebetsi o mongata o sa ntse o lokela ho etsoa ho utloisisa mekhoa ea limolek'hule le tse nyenyane tse shebaneng le seo. Ho eketseha ha ho ts'oaetsoa, ​​e ka 'nang ea etsa hore lebitso la MRI voxel le behoe ka hare ho moqhaka ho tloha ho bohlooho ho ea ho tšoeu, tlaleho ea "ho fokotseha" ha boitsebiso bo bobebe, empa bo fetola bopaki bo tsoang lithutong tsa morao-rao le lipakeng tse fapaneng tsa sebaka se pakeng tsa tsoelo-pele ea tsoelo-pele ea bohlooho le e mosoeu taba e fana ka maikutlo a hore mekhoa e meng e tlatsetsa. Tsela eo "pruning" ea synapses e kenang ho eona e tlatsetsa ho fokotsa taba ea bohlooho ha e tsejoe. Ena ke potso ea bohlokoa eo u lokelang ho e rarolla e le ho fana ka leseling ka maikutlo a fokolang ka ho fetisisa a hore ho tsebahala ho fanoa ke ts'ebetso ea likamano tse fokolang empa tse potlakileng. Ho utloisisa mekhoa ea motheo ke ntho ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ho tataisa mehato le ho ntlafatsa maikutlo a ho hlahloba nakong e tlang.

Mohlomong phetoho e tsotehang ka ho fetisisa ea boithuto ba boko ba bocha ke tekanyo ea phetoho ka boeona. Ntho e ka sehloohong ea nts'etsopele ea boko ba lilemong tsa bocha ke polasetiki, bokhoni ba boko bo fetoha ho arabela litlhoko tsa tikoloho. Ho na le mapolesa a mangata a lulang ho pholletsa le bophelo empa ka kakaretso ho na le tsoelo-pele ea polasetiki e fokolang ha myelin e ntša liprotheine tse kang Nogo-A, MAG le OMgp e thibelang ho hlahisa li-axon le ho thehoa ha li-synapses (Masimo, 2008). Leha ho le joalo, batho ba na le nako e ikhethang ea polasetiki e phahameng e re lumellang ho ikamahanya le maemo a mangata. Plastiki ea nako e telele e ka 'na ea amana le ho itšetleha ka nako e telele ho bahlokomeli joaloka mefuta eohle. Nako e telele ea ho itšetleha e amahanngoa le mekhoa e rarahaneng ea sechaba le boitlamo ba lijo. Ka ho "boloka mekhoa e bulehileng" ho ea ka tsebo ea boko, batho ba ka hlahloba litlhoko tsa tikoloho ea bona le ho ntlafatsa tsebo ea ho phela. Batho ba ka atleha kae kapa kae ho tloha lipoleng tse ka leboea le tse ka boroa tse ts'oarellang lihlekehlekeng tse khutsitseng ka equator. Re fetohile le liphetoho tsa setso. Lilemong tse sekete tse leshome tse fetileng, nako e khutšoanyane ka mokhoa oa ho iphetola ha lintho, re qetile nako e ngata re fumana lijo le bolulo. Hona joale batho ba bangata ba ka sireletsa bolulo le lik'hilojule tse nang le nako e fokolang le boiteko bo matla, boo ka li-epigenetic kapa mabaka a mang a ka 'nang a amana le bocha ba pele le boholo ba bona. Ho e-na le ho fumana lijo ba bangata ba rona hona joale re qeta boholo ba nako ea rona re sebelisana le mantsoe kapa matšoao. Ena ke mokhoa o hlokomelehang o bontšang hore ho bala ke lilemo tse 5000 feela 'me ha ho joalo bakeng sa boholo ba histori ea batho.

Tšehetso e eketsehileng bakeng sa melemo ea botlolo ba polasetiki e nako e telele e tlisoa ke tlhaloso ea hore kgolo ea rona ea ho qetela ea boko bo boholo ka lilemo tse 500,000 tse fetileng ha e kopane le mathata a mocheso empa boemo ba ho fetoha ha boemo ba leholimo. Sena se fapana le Neanderthals, beng ka rona ba haufi le liphatsa tsa lefutso. Lipalo tsa maturong li ka hlahlojoa ho tsoa meno a fossili ka mokhoa o tšoanang le oa hore mehele ea lifate e ka sebelisoa ho lemoha litekanyetso tsa kholo ea lifate. Bopaki bo tsoang ho meno a Neanderthal bo hlophisitsoeng bo bontša hore ba ne ba e-na le meriana e potlakileng haholoanyane (Ramirez Rozzi le Bermudez De Castro, 2004). Le hoja boko ba bona bo ne bo le ka 10% e kholo 'me ba khona ho phela libakeng tse thata, sesebedisoa sa bona ha sea fetoha ka lilemo tse 100,000. Ba ne ba haelloa ke polasetiki ea lilemong tsa bocha le ho fetoha ha maemo a batho.

Bokoti ba lipolotiki bo bocha ba sebelelitse mefuta ea rona ea liphoofolo hantle, leha ho le joalo e fihla ka theko. E baka ts'ebetsong hammoho le menyetla. Ho feta halofo ea boloetse bohle ba kelello bo hlaha nakong ea bocha. Ngoana e mong ho ba bahlano o na le boloetse ba kelello bo tla tsoelapele ho ba motho e moholo. Ke nako ea tlhōrō ea ho hlaha ha mathata a ho tšoenyeha, lefu la ho ferekana kelellong, ho tepella maikutlong, mathata a ho ja le psychosis. Hape ke nako e tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa ea ho qala ho sebelisa lithethefatsi hampe.

Bocha bo ntse bo nkoa e le sebaka se ikhethileng sa tsoelo-pele le saeloana e fapaneng ho e-na le ho ba setsi sa bohareng pakeng tsa bongoaneng le botsofali.

Matšoao a likokoana-hloko tsa bana ba lilemong tsa bocha ba sebelisoang ke bothata (2016) - Litlhaloso tse hlahang:

Ho na le likarolo tse ngata tsa phekolo ea methapo ea kutlo ea lintho tse sebelisoang habonolo nakong ea bocha ha li bapisoa le batho ba baholo. Boko ba bocha bo tlas'a mekhoa e metle ea meputso ea liphallelo, empa e sala e e-na le mokhoa o seng o le mong oa ho laola tsamaiso ea lits'ebeletso tse atisang ho sitoa ho hanyetsa lits'ebetso tse ka 'nang tsa thabisa tse kang tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi, esita le ha li tseba likotsi tse amehang. Litšusumetso tsa lithaka li mpa li phahamisa liphello tsena ebile li etsa hore motho a batle maikutlo a mangata, boitšoaro bo kotsi. Likarolo tse ikhethang tsa phekolo ea kelello li lokela ho nahanoa ha ho qaptjoa mananeo a thibelo le litšebeletso tsa meriana bakeng sa mathata a bacha a ho sebelisa lithethefatsi.

SLIDE 32

Ha motho e se e le motho e moholo, bacha ba matlafatsa lipotoloho tse sebelisitsoeng haholo le ho poma tse sa sebelisoeng. Kahoo - ka lilemo tse 22 kapa ho feta - litakatso tsa moshemane tsa thobalano li ka tšoana le likhahla tse tebileng bokong ba hae. Sena se ka baka tšabo - haeba a fetohetse litšoantšong tse litšila tse tsosang takatso, kapa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse seng li sa tsamaisane le maikutlo a hae a thobalano. Ka lehlohonolo, boko ke polasetiki, 'me litakatso li ka khutlela morao kamora hore moshemane a tlohele litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.

TŠEBELETSO EA SEHLOOHO:

Slide ena e na le litlaleho tse peli:

1. Bacha ba matlafatsa li-neural (synapses) le ho tlosa (kapa ho khutsisa) li-billione tsa synapses tse seng kae tse sebelisoang ka tlase.
2. Basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba lilemong tsa bocha ba ka fetela litšoantšong tse litšila tse tsosang takatso, kapa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tse seng li sa tšoane le boits'oaro ba bona ba pele ba thobalano (leha ho le joalo, sena ha se bolele hore ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e ka fetola maikutlo a hau a mantlha a thobalano

Taba ea pele - ea hore bacha ba matlafatsa likhokahano tsa methapo ea kutlo tse sebelisoang haholo (synapses) le ho felisa (kapa ho khutsa) libilione tsa li-synapses tse sa sebelisoeng haholo - e tšehelitsoe hantle lithutong tsa batho le tsa liphoofolo. Sheba slide e fetileng bakeng sa tšehetso.

Ts'ehetso ea tseko ea # 2: hore basebelisi ba bang ba bacha ba sebelisang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba tloaetse ho fetela mefuteng kapa mefuteng e "fapaneng" kapa e sa lumellaneng le litakatso tsa pele tsa thobalano (leha ho le joalo, sena ha se bolele hore ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e ka fetola boits'oaro ba mantlha ba thobalano)

Taba ea pele, moelelo o itseng oa sekhetho #2. Ka 2011, ha ho thuto e neng e botsa basebelisi ba litšoantšo ka ho toba ka ho eketseha ha tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa kapa litakatso tsa bootsoa tsa morphing (kapa ho fetoha ha bona). Kahoo e bolela hore basebeletsi ba litšoantšo tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ha ba e-s'o hōle le ho khetha mefuta e sa fetoheng, ba se nang tšehetso kapa tšehetso ea meriana. Boiteko bo Boholo ba Litšoantšo e bolela hore basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba rata mefuta e meng e ka fetoha ha nako e ntse e tsamaea, e lebisang ho ba bangata ho e shebella, le ho tsosoa ke thobalano e sa lumellaneng le template ea bona ea pele ea thobalano. Hangata bafuputsi ba sebelisa "khopolo-taba ea thobalano" ho utloisisa hore na litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li bopa joang litakatso tsa bohlankana tsa thobalano (ho bona haholoanyane: Litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso le thobalano ea banna ka thobalano: Tlhahlobo ea Tšebelisano le Likamano tsa Botona le Botšehali, 2014).

Ts'ehetso ea polelo ea hore litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li ka theha litšoantšo tsa thobalano li tsoa litlalehong tsa hau tsa "litakatso tsa thobalano" tse bakiloeng ke litšoantšo tsa bootsoa kamora hore banna ba tlose litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Maqephe a latelang a na le lipale tse joalo.

• Na litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa ka tsa bothanyana li bakoa?
• Ke na le li-asexual?
• Ke Hobane'ng ha ke Fumana Porn e Thabisang ho Feta Motsoalle?
• Litlokotsi-Tse bakang ho se sebetse ka thobalano ke bothata bo ntseng bo hōla 
• Na U ka Tšepa Johnson oa Hao?
• Bashanyana ba Ileng ba Fana ka Bootsoa: Ho Kopanela Liphate le Lerato
• Ke otlolohile, empa ke hoheloa ke litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa bong bo fapaneng kapa ba bong bo fapaneng. Ke eng?
• Tlhahlobo e 'Ngoe ea Litlhapi

Tlhaloso ena e boetse e tšehetsoa ke seo Norman Doidge MD a ileng a se ngola ka sena bukeng ea hae ea 2007 Boko bo Itšusumetsang:

Seoa sa hona joale sa bootsoa se fana ka pontšo e hlakileng ea hore litakatso tsa thobalano li ka fumanoa. Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, tse tsamaisoang ka marang-rang a marang-rang, li khotsofatsa e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea lintho tse hlokahalang bakeng sa phetoho ea methapo ea kutlo…. Ha litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li ithorisa ka hore li sututsa enfelopo ka ho hlahisa lihlooho tse ncha, tse thata, seo ba sa se buang ke hore ba tlameha, hobane bareki ba bona ba theha mamello ea litaba. Maqephe a ka morao a limakasine tsa banna tse kotsi le libaka tsa bootsoa tsa inthanete li tletse lipapatso bakeng sa lithethefatsi tsa mofuta oa Viagra — meriana e etselitsoeng banna ba baholo ba nang le mathata a erectile a amanang le botsofali le methapo ea mali e koetsoeng botoneng. Kajeno bahlankana ba palamang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba tšaba haholo ho hloka matla, kapa "ho se sebetse ha erectile" joalo ka ha ho tumme ka lebitso. Polelo e khelosang e bolela hore banna bana ba na le bothata lithong tsa bona tsa botona, empa bothata bo lihloohong tsa bona, 'mapeng oa bona oa likamano tsa botona le botšehali. Botona bo sebetsa hantle ha ba sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ha se hangata ho ba hlahelang hore ho ka ba le kamano lipakeng tsa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tseo ba li jang le ho hloka matla.

Ka 2011, liphuputso tse 'maloa li tšehetsa taba ea hore basebelisi ba litšoantšo ba litšoantšo ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba tloaetse ho ba mefuta ea kajeno ea bootsoa' me ba eketsehile ho mefuta e meng e feteletseng:

1) Litlhahiso tsa ho Fetoha Litlhabelong Tsa Bootsoa (1986) - Libeke tse tšeletseng tsa ho pepesehela litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tse se nang pefo ho ile ha fella ka hore bafo ba se ke ba ba le thahasello e kholo litšoantšong tsa bootsoa tsa vanilla, ba khetha ho shebella feela "litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro" (bokhoba, sadomasochism, ho robala le liphoofolo). Tlhaloso:

Liithuti tsa banna le basali le batho ba sa lumellaneng li ile tsa pepeseha hora e le 'ngoe ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse tloaelehileng, tse se nang boits'oaro kapa lihlahisoa tse sa hlokahaleng tsa ho kopanela liphate le tse mabifi libeke tse tšeletseng tse latellanang. Libeke tse peli ka mor'a phekolo ena, ba ile ba fuoa monyetla oa ho shebella livideo tsa video boemong ba botho. Litekanyetso tsa R-rated, R-rated, le X-rated li ne li fumaneha. Batho ba nang le litšoantšo tse ts'oanang tsa bootsoa bo sa tloaelehang, ba ne ba sa bontše thahasello ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse sa tloaelehang, ba khethang ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephileng (bokhoba, sadomasochism, bokhachane) ho e-na le hoo. Banna ba sa tsitsitseng ba neng ba e-na le maikutlo a ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa bo tloaelehileng, ba sa tloaelehang ba ne ba ja litšoantšo tse manyala tse sa tloaelehang habonolo feela. Liithuti tsa banna li ne li bontša mokhoa o tšoanang, le hoja li batla li le bobebe haholo. Ts'ebetso ena e sebelisoang ke basali e ne e boetse e bonahala ho basali, empa e ne e sa tsejoe haholo, haholo-holo har'a barali ba basali.

2) Mohlala oa Taolo ea Bobeli - Karolo ea ho Thibela ho Kopanela Liphate le Ho Nyahama Thobalanong ea Thobalano le Boitšoaro (2007) - Ha ho etsoa liteko tsa ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa video, 50% ea bahlankana ba ne ba sitoa ho tsosoa kapa ho fihlela likhetho le Litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (lilemong tsa bobeli li ne li le 29). Bafuputsi ba tsositseng ba fumana hore ho se sebetse ha banna ho erectile ho ne ho le joalo,

tse amanang le maemo a phahameng a ho hlahella le ho ba le phihlelo ka lintho tse hlalosang thobalano.

Banna ba nang le ho se sebetse ha eretile ba ne ba qetile nako e ngata ba le libakeng tsa ho hlapela moo libaka tsa bobebe li neng li "hohle hohle, "Le"ho bapala kamehla.”Bafuputsi ba itse:

Lipuisano le lihlooho li ile tsa matlafatsa khopolo ea rona hore ho ba bang ba bona ba bangata ba bona hore ho ba le tšusumetso e matla ea maikutlo ho bonahala eka ho entse hore ho be le boikarabelo bo tlase ba "vanilla" le ho ba le tlhoko e eketsehileng ea ho fetoha le ho fetoha, maemong a mang ho kopane le tlhokahalo e tobileng haholo mefuta ea ts'oaetso e le hore e tsohe.

Karolo e latelang e nkuoe bukeng "Psychophysiology ea Thobalano, Khaolo ea: Mohlala oa Taolo e Kopanetsoeng: Karolo ea thibelo ea thobalano le nyakallo ho tsoho le boits'oaro ba thobalano.”Mohoeletsi: Indiana University Press, Bahlophisi: Erick Janssen, maq. 197-222 (link ho khaolo):

E le karolo ea lipatlisiso tsa rona mabapi le ho nka likotsi tsa thobalano, tse hlahisitsoeng pejana pampiring ena, re memme lipotso tsa rona tsa lipotso le lipotso hore re kenye letsoho thutong ea psychophysiological (Janssen, Goodrich, Petrocelli, & Bancroft, 2006). Ka lebaka la ho rarahana ha lintho tsa pele tse fumanoeng thutong ea ts'okelo, re ile ra nka qeto ea ho sebelisa moralo oa thuto ea rona ea pele ea laboratori ka mofuta oa taolo tse peli (Janssen et al., 2002b).

Ha re sebelisa moralo ona (ka mefuta e 'meli ea lifilimi tsa thobalano, tšitiso le tlhoko ea ts'ebetso) ho sampole ena e ncha, leha ho le joalo, re ile ra kopana le ketsahalo e' ngoe e sa lebelloang, empa e le e makatsang. Banna ba leshome le metso e 'meli, kapa hoo e batlang e le 50% ea lithuto tsa pele tsa 25 (lilemo tse bolelang = lilemo tse 29), ha ba ka ba arabela ka boits'oaro ba thobalano (ke hore, ho tiea ha penile ka tlase ho 5% likotong tsa lifilimi tse sa sebetseng; Banna ba 8 ba ne ba le thata ea 0%) . Ho latela tsebo ea rona, ena ke e 'ngoe ea lithuto tse' maloa tsa kelello eo banna ba nkileng karolo ho eona ba ileng ba hiroa sechabeng - ho rona, ho tsoa matlong a bateng, litleliniking tsa STD, libakeng tse ling, joalo-joalo.

Ho tse ling tsa libaka tsena, litakatso tsa thobalano (ho kenyeletsoa le li-skrini tsa video) li hohle, 'me sena, se kopantsoe le litlatsetso tse tsoang ho bankakarolo mabapi le khaello ea tse ling tse khahlisang, tse ikhethang ("niche"), kapa tse fetelletseng kapa "kinky", li re entse nahana ka monyetla oa hore sekhahla se phahameng ka ho sa tloaelehang sa batho ba sa sebetseng se ka amana le maemo a phahameng a ho pepesehela le ho ba le boiphihlelo ka lisebelisoa tse hlakileng tsa thobalano. Lipuisano le lihlooho li matlafalitse mohopolo oa rona oa hore ho tse ling tsa tsona ho pepeseha haholo ka linako tse ling ho bonahala ho felletse ka karabelo e tlase ho "vanilla sex" erotica le tlhoko e eketsehileng ea bocha le ho fapana, maemong a mang ho kopantsoe le tlhoko ea mefuta ea litšusumetso molemong oa ho tsosoa.

Re nchafalitse thuto mme ra etsa qeto ea ho felisa litšitiso le ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso le ho kenyelletsa likarolo tse ncha, tse fapaneng haholo, hammoho le livideo tse teletsana. Hape, sebakeng sa ho hlahisa lihlooho ka livideo tse khethiloeng esale pele ("tse khethiloeng ke mofuputsi"), re ba tlohelle hore ba ikhethele likoto tse peli ho tsoa seteisheneng sa tse 10, tseo liponelopele tsa metsotsoana e 10 li ileng tsa bonts'oa hape tse neng li kenyelletsa mefuta e mengata ea thobalano boits'oaro (mohlala, thobalano ea sehlopha, thobalano ea morabe o mong, S & M, jj.). Re ile ra ngolisa lithuto tse ling tsa 51 mme ra fumana hore ka moralo o ntlafalitsoeng banna ba 20, kapa hoo e ka bang 25%, ha baa ka ba arabela hantle likotong tsa video tsa thobalano (penile rigidity e ka tlase ho 10% ho arabela filimi e ikhethileng e telele).

Re ile ra etsa tlhahlobo ea khatello ea molao ho fumana hore na batho ba phahameng ba arabelang ba ka khetholla ho batho ba tlaase ba sebelisa lilemo, ho kopanela liphate, SES, SIS1, SIS2, phihlelo ea livideo tse tsosang takatso, mathata a erectile a tlalehiloeng, le likotsi tsa ho kopanela liphate ho nka mefuta e fapaneng. Mohlala oa khatello o khetholloa haholo pakeng tsa lihlopha tse peli (÷ 2 (8) = 22.26, p <.01; bona Tafole 2), e hlalosa phapang e 39%. Ka kakaretso 78% ea bankakarolo ba hlophisitsoe ka nepo (z = 4.61, p <.001), ka lipalo tse otlang tsa 82% bakeng sa ba phahameng le 59% bakeng sa ba arabelang tlase (ps.. .01). Liphetho li bonts'a hore motho ea nkang karolo o ne a ka khetholloa e le motho ea arabelang haholo ha lilemo tsa hae li fokotseha mme likotsi tsa hae tsa SES le likamano tsa botona le botšehali li eketseha. Barupeluoa ba bong bo tšoanang ba ne ba ka khetholloa e le ba arabelang hanyane ho feta barupeluoa ba bong bo fapaneng. Kamora nako, litlhahlobo li hlahisitse hore ha palo ea lifilimi tse tsosang takatso tse bonoang selemong se fetileng li eketseha morupeluoa o na le monyetla oa ho khetholloa e le mo arabelang tlase.

Ka 2011, liphuputso tse ngata li ne li khothalelitse hore ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e susumetsa maikutlo le maikutlo a thobalano. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, liphuputso tse 'maloa li ne li hlahlobile hore na litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li ile tsa bopa lits'oants'o tsa thobalano tsa basebelisi ("khopolo ea thobalano"). Liphuputso tse latelang li fana ka maikutlo a hore litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li entse joalo:

Na litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso li susumetsa boitšoaro ba ho kopanela liphate ho bacha (2003) - Ntho e hlahang:

Basali ba bacha (n = 1,000), ba etela tleliniking ea thero ea malapeng Stockholm, Sweden, ba arabela lipotso tsa boitšoaro ba bona ba thobalano le haeba ba bone litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ba bane ho ba bahlano ba ne ba se ba shebile litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​'me karolo ea boraro ea bona e ne e lumela hore litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li amme boitšoaro ba bona ba ho kopanela liphate. Ba bangata ba 47% ba kile ba e-ba le likamano tsa ho kopanela liphate, tse neng li tloaelehile haholo ho basali ba baholo (51%) ho feta bacha (31%). Boholo ba likamano tsa botona le botšehali ba bohlokoa e le phihlelo e mpe.

Boitšoaro ba thobalano har'a bahlankana ba Sweden le phello ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (2004) - Ntho e hlahang:

Morero e ne e le ho batlisisa boits'oaro ba thobalano har'a bahlankana (n = 300), ho etela tleliniki ea genitourinary e Sweden, ba tsepamisitse maikutlo ho litlamorao tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Hoo e ka bang tsohle, 98% e boletse hore ke batho ba bong bo fapaneng. Kaofela, 99% ba ne ba jele litšoantšo tsa bootsoa mme 53% ba ne ba nahana hore litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li amme boitšoaro ba bona ba thobalano

Mekhatlo pakeng tsa ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le litloaelo tsa thobalano har'a bacha ba Sweden (2005) - Ntho e hlahang:

Banna ba bangata (98%) ho feta basali (72%) ba kileng ba ja litšoantšo tsa bootsoa…. Bareki ba bangata ba banna ho feta bareki ba tlase kapa basali ba ile ba tsosoa ke thobalano, ba nahana ka bona, kapa ba leka ho etsa liketso tse bonoang filiming ea bootsoa.

Litloaelano pakeng tsa bacha ba sebelisang thepa e hlalosang thobalano le litakatso tsa bona tsa thobalano, boitšoaro le khotsofalo (2011) - Ntho e hlahang:

Phuputso ena e hlahlobile hore na maemo a ts'ebeliso ea lintho tse hlakileng tsa thobalano (SEM) nakong ea bocha le bohlankana a hola joang le likamano tsa thobalano, boits'oaro ba thobalano, le khotsofalo ea thobalano le kamano…. Kakaretso ea tšebeliso ea SEM le palo ea mefuta ea SEM e shebiloeng ka bobeli e ne e amahanngoa le litakatso tse phahameng tsa thobalano bakeng sa mefuta ea liketso tsa thobalano tse atisang ho hlahisoa ho SEM.

TŠEBELETSO E NTSENG:

Ts'ehetso e ntlafalitsoeng ea polelo ea hore basebelisi ba bang ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba ka tloaela kapa ba fetela mefuteng e "feteletseng" kapa mefuta e sa lumellaneng le likhetho tsa pele tsa thobalano (empa e sa fetole tloaelo ea mantlha).

Taba ea pele re qala ka lithuto tsa 4 tseo ka ho toba li kileng tsa botsa basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka ho eketseha hore e be tse ncha kapa tse feteletseng tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ts'ehetso eohle ea litlaleho tse hlahang Slide 32:

1) Ena e bile thuto ea pele ea ho botsa basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka kotloloho ka kholo: "Mesebetsi ea ho kopanela liphate ka Inthaneteng: Ho ithuta ka ho hlahloba litsebi tsa bothata le tse se nang mathata bothateng ba banna "(2016). Phuputso e tlaleha ho eketseha ha maemo, kaha 49% ea banna bao e tlalehile ho shebella litšoantšo tse litšila tseo pele li neng li sa li thahasellise kapa tseo pele li neng li nahana hore ke tse nyonyehang. Tlhaloso:

Ba etsang karolo ea mashome a mane a metso e robong ba boletse bonyane ka linako tse ling ba batla litaba tsa thobalano kapa ba ameha ho li-OSA tseo pele li neng li sa li thahasellise kapa hore li nka ho nyonyeha.

Phuputso ena ea Belgian e boetse e fumane ts'ebeliso e mpe ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng e ne e amahanngoa le ts'ebetso e fokotsehileng ea erectile le ho fokotsa khotsofalo ka kakaretso ea thobalano. Empa basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba na le litakatso tse kholo. Ho khahlisang ke hore karolo ea 20.3% ea bankakarolo e boletse hore sepheo se seng sa ts'ebeliso ea bona ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ke "ho tsosa takatso le molekane oa ka." (OSA = thobalano inthaneteng, e neng e le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa bakeng sa 99% ea lithuto)

Phuputso ena ke ea pele ea ho etsa lipatlisiso ka kotloloho likamano lipakeng tsa mathata a thobalano le ho nka karolo ho nang le mathata ho li-OSA. Liphello li bontšitse hore takatso e phahameng ea thobalano, khotsofalo e tlase ea thobalano, le ts'ebetso e tlase ea erectile li ne li amahanngoa le li-OSA tse nang le mathata (liketso tsa thobalano inthaneteng). Liphetho tsena li ka hokahanngoa le tsa lithuto tsa pejana tse tlalehang boemo bo phahameng ba ho tsoha kamanong le matšoao a bokhoba ba thobalano (Bancroft & Vukadinovic, 2004; Laier et al., 2013; Muise et al., 2013).

2) Phuputso ea 2017 e ile ea botsa basebelisi ba litšoantšo ka kotloloho mabapi le mamello le matšoao a ho itokolla: Tlhahiso ea Bothata ba Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Boitsebiso ba Litšoantšo (PPCS) (2017) - Pampiri ena e hlahisitse le ho leka lipotso tse nang le bothata ba ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse etselitsoeng lipotso tsa lipotso tsa lithethefatsi. Ho fapana le liteko tse fetileng tsa bokhoba ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​lenane lena la lipotso tse 18 le hlahlobile ho mamellana le ho nyoloha ka lipotso tse latelang tsa 3:

• Butle-butle ke ile ka sheba "lit soant so tse feteletseng," hobane litšoantšo tse litšila tseo ke li boneng pele li ne li sa khotsofatse.
• Ke ne ke nahana hore ke hloka litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse eketsehileng e le hore ke khotsofatse litlhoko tsa ka.
• Ke ne ke nahana hore ke tlameha ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le ho feta bakeng sa khotsofalo.

Potso e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e ne e fumanoa ho tloha ho ea ho ea ho ea bosupa ka Likert: 1- Ha ho mohla, 2- Hangata, 3- Ka linako tse ling, 4- Ka linako tse ling, 5- Hangata, 6-Hangata, 7- Nako eohle. Ka mantsoe a bonolo, ba bang ba sebelisang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba ile ba tlaleha ho eketseha le mamello.

3) Tšebeliso e sa laoleheng ea inthanete bakeng sa thobalano e le ho lemalla boitšoaro? Phuputso e tlang (e hlahisitsoeng Kopanong ea Machaba ea 4 ea Litlhare tsa Boitšoaro, Hlakola 20-22, 2017) le eona e ile ea botsa ka kotloloho mabapi le mamello le ho tlohela. E fumanoe ka bobeli ho "lithethefatsi tsa bootsoa".

Ho na le phehisano e tsoelang pele ebang boitšoaro bo feteletseng ba thobalano bo lokela ho utloisisoa e le mokhoa oa ho lemalla boitšoaro (Karila, Wéry, Weistein et al., 2014). Thuto ea joale ea boleng e ikemiselitse ho hlahloba hore na ho sebelisoa ntle ho taolo ea inthanete ka morero oa ho kopanela liphate (OUISP) ho ka etsoa joang ka maikutlo a ho lemalla boitšoaro har'a batho ba neng ba le kalafo ka lebaka la OUISP ea bona.

Re ile ra etsa lipuisano tse tebileng le barupeluoa ba 21 ba lilemo li 22-54 (Mage = lilemo tse 34.24). Ho sebelisa tlhahlobo e ts'oanang, litsi tsa matšoao tsa OUISP li ile tsa hlahlojoa ka mekhoa ea ho lemalla boitšoaro, ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho khethehileng ho mamellana le matšoao a ho tlohela (Griffiths, 2001).

Boitšoaro bo boima bo neng bo le bobebe bo ne bo sa sebelisoe ke litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro Inthaneteng (OOPU). Ho haha ​​ho mamellana ho OOPU ho iponahatsa e le nako e ntseng e eketseha e sebelisitsoeng ho liwebsaete tsa bootsoa hammoho le ho batla litlhahiso tse ncha le tse ling tsa ho kopanela liphate ka har'a lipapali tse sa khelohang. Matšoao a ho tlohela a iponahatsa a le boemong ba kelello 'me a nka mokhoa oa ho batla lintho tse ling tsa thobalano. Barupeluoa ba leshome le metso e mehlano ba phethahatsa litekanyetso tsohle tsa tahi

Litokomane tse tharo li bontša hore basebelisi ba litšoantšo tse se nang li-pedophilic ba thahasella ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa bana.

4) Ntle le moo, thuto ena ea 2016 e hlahisa lipelaelo ka mohopolo oo oa hore litakatso tsa thobalano li tsitsitse mabapi le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa inthanete tsa kajeno. Mecha ea ho Kopanela Liphate ka Ho Kopanela Liphate e Sebelisoang ke Boitsebiso ba Litabatso Tsa Botona le Botšehali: Tlhahlobo e Bapisoang ea Basali ba Gay, Bonoxual le Heterosexual United States. Ntho e qaqileng ea thuto ena:

Liphuputso li boetse li bonts'a hore banna ba bangata ba ne ba shebile litaba tse hlalosang thobalano (SEM) tse sa lumellaneng le boits'oaro ba bona ba thobalano. Ho ne ho tloaelehile hore banna ba khethiloeng ke batho ba bong bo fapaneng ba tlalehe SEM e nang le boits'oaro ba banna ba bong bo tšoanang (20.7%) le bakeng sa banna ba khethiloeng ke basodoma ho tlaleha boitšoaro ba bona ba bong bo fapaneng ho SEM (55.0%)

Lithuto tse 'ne tse kaholimo li tšehetsa Slide 32 ka botlalo ha e ntse e thetsa polelo e atisang ho phetoa ea hore basebelisi ba kajeno ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa qetellong "ba fumana thobalano ea bona ea' nete" ka ho phenya libaka tsa "tube", ebe ba khomarela mofuta o le mong feela oa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa nako eohle. Ho sebelisa mekhoa le mekhoa e fapaneng, sehlopha sa lithuto tse fapaneng se tlalehile tloaelo ea "litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso" hammoho le keketseho ea mefuta e fetelletseng le e sa tloaelehang:

1) Matla a Botho le Tšebelisano e Sebetsang Ho Amana le Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Tšebeliso: Bokooa bo Bonoang ke Porn (Kuhn le Gallinat, 2014) - Phuputso ena ea Max Planck Institute fMRI e fumane taba e nyane haholo tsamaisong ea moputso (dorsal striatum) e tsamaellanang le palo ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse jeoang. E boetse e fumane hore litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso li tsamaisana le moputso o fokolang oa ts'ebetso ea potoloho ha o ntse o shebile lifoto tsa thobalano hakhutšoanyane. Bafuputsi ba lumela hore liphuputso tsa bona li bonts'itse ho hloka boithati, mohlomong le mamello, e leng tlhoko ea ts'usumetso e kholo ho fihlela boemo bo ts'oanang ba tsoho. Sengoli se etelletseng pele Simone Kühn o boletse tse latelang ka thuto ea hae:

Seo se ka bolela hore ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro kamehla e senya tsamaiso ea hau ea moputso. Re nahana hore litaba tse nang le litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso ea bootsoa li hloka ho tsosolosoa ho eketsehileng ho fumana moputso o lekanang. Seo se ne se tla lumellana hantle le khopolo ea hore mekhatlo ea bona ea moputso e hloka ho tsosolosoa.

2) Mokhoa o sa tloaelehang, boemo bo botle le ho ela hloko lithahasello tsa thobalano (2015). Phuputso ea fMRI ea Cambridge University e tlalehile hore ho na le mekhoa e meholo ea ho kopanela liphate ho batho ba qobellang ho kopanela liphate. Tlhaloso ho tsoa tokomaneng e amanang le eona:

Ba fumane hore ha ba lemaletseng ho kopanela liphate ba ne ba sheba setšoantšo se tšoanang sa thobalano hangata, ha ba bapisoa le baithaopi ba phetseng hantle ba kileng ba fokotseha haholoanyane sebakeng sa boko bo tsejoang e le ho qeta mekhoa e metle ea lik'hemik'hale, tse tsejoang hore li ameha ka ho lebella meputso le ho arabela liketsahalo tse ncha. Sena se lumellana le 'habituation', moo meriana e fumanoang e le ts'ebetso e ts'oanang le e nyane - ka mohlala, senoa sa kofi a ka fumana k'hafeine 'buzz' senoelong sa bona sa pele, empa ha nako e ntse e feta ba noa haholo kofi, e nyenyane buzz e fetoha.

Ts'ebetso ena e tloaelehileng e etsahala ho banna ba phetseng hantle ba bontšoang khafetsa video e le 'ngoe ea bootsoa. Empa ha ba sheba video e ncha, boemo ba thahasello le ho tsosoa bo khutlela moemong oa pele. Sena se bolela hore, ho thibela tloaelo, motho ea lemaletseng thobalano o tla hloka ho fumana litšoantšo tse ncha khafetsa. Ka mantsoe a mang, tloaelo e ka etsa hore ho batloe litšoantšo tse ncha.

"Lintho tseo re li fumaneng li bohlokoa haholo tabeng ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng," a phaella ka Dr Voon. "Ha ho hlakile hore na ke eng e etsang hore motho a be le bothata ba ho kopanela liphate pele ho batho ba bang, mme ho ka etsahala hore batho ba bang ba be le lithethefatsi tse ngata ho feta tse ling, ho thata haholo ho baleha. "

3) Ho feto-fetoha ha maemo a nakong e tlang ka litšoantšo tsa thobalano ho basebelisi ba mathata le taolo e sa lumellaneng le "bokhoba ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (Prause et al., 2015.) Ha ho bapisoa le litsamaiso "batho ba nang le mathata a ho laola ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bona tsa bootsoa" ba bile le tlaase boko bo arabela motsotsoana o le mong ho litšoantšo tsa litšoantšo tsa porno tsa vanilla. Lipalo tse tlase tsa EEG li bolela hore lihlooho ha li ele hloko litšoantšo. Ka mantsoe a bonolo, basebelisi ba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro khafetsa ba ne ba sa rate litšoantšo tse litšila tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa vanilla. Ba ne ba jeoa ke bolutu (ba tloaetse kapa ba sa rate). Litokomane tse supileng tse hlahlojoang ke lithaka li lumellana le sena tlhahlobo e kholo hore thuto ena e fumane ts'oaetso / tloaelo ho ba sebelisang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa khafetsa: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.

4) Mekhoa ea ho hlokomeleha le e sa hlokomelehang ea maikutlo: Na e khathatsa ka nako e telele ea bootsoa Sebelisa? (2017) - Phuputso e ile ea lekola likarabo tsa basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (ho baloa ha EEG le Karabo ea Startle) litšoantšong tse fapaneng tse susumetsang maikutlo - ho kenyeletsoa erotica. Bangoli ba lumela hore liphetho tse peli li bonts'a tloaelo ho basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa khafetsa. Litemana tse qotsitsoeng:

4.1. Litlhaloso tse hlakileng

Ho thahasellisang ke hore sehlopha se phahameng sa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso ea boitšoaro bo bobe se hlahisa litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso e le ntho e sa thabiseng ho feta sehlopha se sebelisoang. Bangoli ba fana ka maikutlo a hore sena se ka 'na sa bakoa ke tlhaho e "bonolo" ea "litšoantšo" tse nang le setšoantšo sa IAPS se sa faneng ka mokhoa oa ho susumetsa seo ba ka se batlang, joalokaha o bontšitsoe ke Harper le Hodgins [58] hore ka ho shebella hangata litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​hangata batho ba bangata ba eketseha ka ho sheba boitsebiso bo matla haholo ho boloka boemo bo tšoanang ba ho tsosoa ha 'mele. Sehlopha sa "maikutlo a monate" se ile sa fumana likarolo tsa li-valence tsa lihlopha tse tharo tse batlang li lekana le sehlopha se phahameng sa lihlopha ho sheba litšoantšo e le ntho e sa thabiseng ka ho fetisisa ho feta lihlopha tse ling. Sena se ka boela sa bakoa ke litšoantšo tse "thabisang" tse hlahisitsoeng e sa ba susumetsang ka ho lekana bakeng sa batho ba sehlopha se phahameng. Liphuputso li 'nile tsa bontša hore ho na le mokhoa o fokolang oa phekolo ho latela mokhoa oa ho khotsofatsa ka lebaka la tloaelo ea batho ba atisang ho batla boitsebiso ba bootsoa [3, 7, 8]. Ke litsebi tsa bangoli hore sena se ka 'na sa ikarabella bakeng sa liphetho tse boletsoeng.

4.3. Setlexe Reflex Modulation (SRM)

Sepheo se phahameng sa amplitude startle effect se bonts'itsoeng lihlopheng tse tlaase le tse bohareng tse sebelisoang lihlopha li ka hlalosoa ke batho ba sehlopheng ba ikemiselitseng ho qoba tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, kaha ba ka e fumana e le ntho e sa thabiseng haholoanyane. Ntle le moo, liphello tse fumanoang li ka 'na tsa e-ba teng ka lebaka la mokhoa oa tloaelo, oo batho ba lihlopheng tsena ba shebellang litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ho feta tseo ba li bolelang ka ho hlaka-mohlomong ka mabaka a ho hlajoa ke lihlong har'a batho ba bang,41, 42].

5) Ho hlahloba kamano pakeng tsa ho qobelloa ho kopanela liphate le mekhoa ea ho ela hloko ka litaba tsa thobalano ho sehlopha sa batho ba kopanelang liphate (2017) - Phuputso ena e pheta se fumanoeng ke thuto ena ea 2014 Cambridge University e neng e bapisa leeme la tlhokomelo ea batho ba lemaletseng ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka taolo e nepahetseng. Ntle le moo, phuputso e hokahantse "lilemo tsa thobalano" le 1) lintlha tsa bokhoba ba thobalano le 2) liphetho tsa mosebetsi oa ho ela hloko. Har'a ba ipehelang litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa thobalano, ho fokotseha lilemo tsa boiphihlelo ba thobalano li amana le e kholoanyane leeme la tlhokomelo. Ho qobella ho hlekefetsoa ka thobalano ho feta lilemo tse fokolang tsa boiphihlelo ba thobalano = matšoao a maholo a ho lemalla (leeme le leholo kapa ho sitisoa). Empa leeme la tlhokomelo le fokotseha haholo ho basebelisi ba tlamang, 'me le nyamela ka palo e phahameng ka ho fetesisa ea boiphihlelo ba thobalano. Bangoli ba fihletse qeto ea hore sephetho sena se ka supa hore lilemo tse ngata tsa "thobalano e qobelloang" li lebisa moetlong o moholo kapa ho felloa ke matla ka karabelo ea boithabiso (desensitization). Tlhaloso ea sephetho:

Tlhaloso e ka 'nang ea etsahala bakeng sa liphello tsena ke hore ha motho ea kopanelang liphate a kopanela boitšoarong bo bongata ba ho qobella, tempele e tsosolositsoeng e tsoala [36-38] le hore ha nako e ntse e feta, boitšoaro bo feteletseng bo hlokeha bakeng sa boemo bo tšoanang ba ho tsosoa. Ho tsoela pele ho pheha khang ea hore ha motho a e-na le boitšoaro bo bongata ba ho qobella, litsela tsa mokokotlo li fetoha leeme ho feta tse 'tloaelehileng' tsa ho kopanela liphate kapa litšoantšo le batho ka bomong ba fetela hohle 'ho feteletseng' ho susumetsa ho tsosoa ha maikutlo. Sena se lumellana le mosebetsi o bontšang hore banna ba phelang hantle 'meleng ba tloaetse ho ba le maikutlo a hlakileng ka mor'a nako le hore tloaelo ena e khetholloa ka ho fokotseha ho tsosoa le likhatello tsa maikutlo [39]. Sena se fana ka maikutlo a hore barupeluoa ba bangata ba iketselitseng likamano tsa botona le botšehali ba fetohile 'ba fokolang' kapa ba sa tsotellane le mantsoe a "tloaelehileng" a amanang le thobalano a sebelisitsoeng thutong ea hona joale 'me ka mokhoa ona ho fokotsa ho hloka tlhokomelo, ha ba nang le ts'oaetso e ngata le tsebo e fokolang ba ntse ba bontša phapang hobane taba e hlahelletseng e bonahatsa ts'oaetso e matlafalitsoeng haholoanyane.

6) Mekhoa ea Neural ea Takatso ea ho Kopanela Liphate ho Batho ba nang le Boitšoaro bo Botle ba ho Kopanela Liphate (2015) - Phuputso ena ea Korea ea fMRI e pheta lithuto tse ling tse 'maloa tsa methapo ea kutlo ho basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa: e tlalehile mekhoa e sebetsanang le ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea boko le liphetoho ho cortex ea pele e neng e tšoantšetsa ba hlahelang lithethefatsi. Tumellanong le mokhoa oa ho lemalla lithethefatsi, batho ba lemaletseng ho kopanela liphate ba ne ba e-na le maikutlo a maholo ka ho fetesisa bakeng sa litšoantšo tsa thobalano, leha ho le joalo ba ile ba thibela ts'ebetso ea bokooa mefuteng e meng ea lintho tse tloahelehileng haholo. Karabelo e nyane ea methapo ho meputso e tloaelehileng ea letsatsi le letsatsi ke sesupo sa mantlha sa ho hloka boithati.

Liphuputso tse peli tse latelang li fumane hore mokhoa o fapaneng (ke hore, bokhachane kapa bobebe) basebelisi ba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ba ne ba e-na le nako e nyenyane haholo batho ba baholo litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li sebelisoa. Ka mantsoe a bonolo, liphuputso tsena ka bobeli li hokahanya pejana ho batho ba baholo ba ho kopanela liphate ba sebelisa liphatlalatso tse feteletseng ho lintho tse feteletseng.

6) Na litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li sebelisa mokhoa o tšoanang le oa Guttman? ” (2013). Tlhaloso:

Liphello li bontšitse hore litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso li sebelisoa ka mor'a mokhoa o tšoanang oa Guttman ka hore batho ba nang le "lilemo tsa bocha" ba ho sheba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ba ne ba atisa ho kopanela litšoantšong tse litšila tse tsosang takatso (phoofolo ea ho kopanela liphate kapa ngoana) ho bapisoa le ba nang le "nako ea ho qala" .

7) "Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro Sebelisa: Karolo ea Bootsoa bo Bobebe ba Batho ba Boholo-holo ba ho Etsa Pele le Sebelisa "(2016). Tlhaloso:

Liphello li bontšitse hore basebeletsi ba baholo ba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ba hlahella haholo ka ho ba le phihlelo ea ho ba le phihlelo ea ho sheba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho bapisoa le basebeletsi ba baholo-holo ba bootsoa feela.

8) hlahloba phello ea lintho tse hlalosang thobalano litabeng tsa thobalano, kutloisiso le mekhoa ea banna bahlankana: Tlhahlobo e nepahetseng. Thuto e ntle ea litlaleho e tlaleha ho eketseha ha lintho tse feteletseng. Tlhaloso:

Liphuputso li fana ka maikutlo a hore lihlooho tsa mantlha ke: litheko tse eketsehileng tsa phumaneho ea SEM, ho kenyelletsa le keketseho ea litaba tse fetelletseng (Hohle moo o shebang) tse bonoang ke bahlankana phuputsong ena joalo ka ha li na le litlamorao tse mpe menahanong ea boits'oaro le boits'oaro (Seo ha se setle). Lelapa kapa thuto ea thobalano e ka fana ka 'ts'ireletso' (Buffers) mekhoeng eo bacha ba e bonang ho SEM. Lintlha li fana ka maikutlo a pherekano (Litemana tsa 'Nete tsa' Nete) mabapi le litebello tsa bacha tsa bophelo bo botle ba thobalano (Bophelo bo Botle ba ho Kopanela Liphate) le litumelo le boits'oaro bo nepahetseng (Ho tseba ho nepahetse ho phoso). Ho hlalositsoe tsela e ka bang sesosa sa mabaka mme ho totobatsoa libaka tsa ho kenella.

10) Masturbatory e sa tloaelehang e itlhahisa e le ntho ea tlhaho ea botsofali tabeng ea ho hlahlojoa le phekolo ea ho se sebetse ka thobalano ho banna bahlankana (2014). E 'ngoe ea lithuto tsa 4 tse hlahang pampiring ena e tlaleha ka monna ea nang le mathata a amanang le thobalano (libido tse tlase, li-fetish tse ngata tsa bootsoa, ​​anorgasmia). Ts'ebetso ea thobalano e hloka hore libeke tse 6 li ithibe litšoantšong tsa bootsoa le ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali. Kamora likhoeli tse 8 monna o ile a tlaleha takatso e eketsehileng ea thobalano, thobalano e atlehileng le botona kapa botšehali, 'me a natefeloa ke "litloaelo tse ntle tsa thobalano". Litlhaloso tse tsoang pampiring e ngotseng tloaelo ea mokuli le ho nyoloha ho seo a se hlalositseng e le mefuta e feteletseng ea bootsoa:

Ha a botsoa ka mekhoa ea masturbatory, o ile a tlaleha hore nakong e fetileng o ne a bile le litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ka matla le ka potlako ha a sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho tloha bocheng. Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro qalong li ne li e-na le boophilia, le ho ba makhoba, ho laola, ho soma le ho mamella masochism, empa qetellong o ile a tloaela lisebelisoa tsena 'me a hloka litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso ea ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​ho akarelletsa thobalano ea thobalano, liketso tsa thobalano le thobalano e mabifi. O ne a tloaetse ho reka lifilimi tse hlephisang boitšoaro tse seng molaong ka liketso tse mabifi tsa thobalano le ho betoa le ho shebella litšoantšo tseo mehopolong ea hae ea ho kopanela liphate le basali. Butle-butle o ile a lahleheloa ke takatso ea hae le bokhoni ba hae ba ho fantša le ho fokotsa nako ea hae ea ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali.

Karolo e 'ngoe e tsoang pampiring e ngola ho hlaphoheloa ha mokuli mathateng a amanang le thobalano le lits'oants'o tsa thobalano:

Ka kakaretso le mananeo a beke le beke le setsebi sa thobalano, mokuli o ne a laetsoe ho qoba ho pepesehela lintho tse amanang le ho kopanela liphate, ho kopanyelletsa livideo, likoranta, libuka le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ka mor'a likhoeli tsa 8, mokuli o ile a tlaleha hore o na le katleho e ntle ea 'mele le ho khahla. O ile a tsosolosa kamano ea hae le mosali eo, 'me butle-butle a atleha ho thabela mekhoa e metle ea thobalano.

11)  Na Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Tsa Inthanete li baka Mathata a Kopanela Liphate? Tlhahlobo le Litlaleho tsa Bongaka (2016) ke tlhahlobo e pharalletseng ea lingoliloeng tse amanang le mathata a amanang le thobalano a bakiloeng ke litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. E ngotsoe ke lingaka tsa Sesole sa Metsing sa US, tlhahlobo e fana ka lintlha tsa morao-rao tse senolang keketseho e kholo ea mathata a bocha ba thobalano. E boetse e lekola lithuto tsa methapo e amanang le bokhoba ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le ho kopanela liphate ka litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng. Lingaka li kenyelletsa litlaleho tsa bongaka tse 3 tsa basebeletsi ba ileng ba hlahisa lits'oants'o tse litšila tsa thobalano. Basebeletsi ba babeli ho ba bararo ba ile ba folisa mathata a bona a thobalano ka ho felisa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ha monna oa boraro a sa ntlafala hanyane kaha a ne a sa khone ho ithiba ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Basebeletsi ba babeli ho ba bararo ba tlalehile tloaelo ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le ho eketseha ha ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Mohlanka oa pele o hlalosa tloaelo ea hae ea "litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro" tse lateloang ke ho nyolohela litšoantšong tse litšila tse tsosang takatso.

Mosebetsi oa ho sebetsa ka lilemo tse 20 o ile oa ngolla basebeletsi ba Caucasia ba nang le mathata a finyellang likamano tsa botona kapa botšehali nakong ea thobalano likhoeling tse tšeletseng tse fetileng. E ile ea qala ha a ntse a fetisetsoa mose ho maoatle. O ne a ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ka nako e ka etsang hora a se na palesa, 'me botona ba hae bo ne bo tsamaea hantle. Mathata a hae a ho ts'ehetsa le ho finyella li-orgasm a tsoelapele ho pholletsa le mosebetsi oa hae. Ho tloha ha a khutla, o ne a sa khone ho ejaculate nakong ea thobalano le mohlankana oa hae. O ne a ka finyella erection empa a sitoa ho etsa lipapali, mme ka mor'a 10-15 min o ne a tla lahleheloa ke ts'ebetso ea hae, e leng se neng se se joalo pele a e-na le litaba tsa ED.

Mokuli ea mamellang ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali hangata bakeng sa "lilemo", 'me hang kapa ka makhetlo a mabeli hoo e ka bang letsatsi le leng le le leng bakeng sa lilemo tse' maloa tse fetileng. O ile a lumella ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa Inthanete bakeng sa ho tsosolosa. Kaha o ne a fumane Inthanete ka lebelo le leholo, o ne a itšetlehile feela ka litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa Inthanete. Qalong, "bootsoa bo bonolo", moo litaba li sa kenyelletsang ho kopanela liphate, "o ile a etsa mano". Leha ho le joalo, butle-butle o ne a hloka boitsebiso bo bongata bo hlakileng kapa bo fokolang. O ile a tlaleha livideo tse ngata tsa nako e le 'ngoe ka nako e le' ngoe le ho shebella likarolo tse susumetsang ka ho fetisisa.

Mohlanka oa bobeli o hlalosa tšebeliso e ntseng e eketseha ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le ho eketseha ha litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Nakoana kamora moo a etsa thobalano le mosali oa hae "eseng e hlasimollang joalo ka pele":

Motho ea lilemo li 40 ea African American o ile a ngolisa basebetsi ba nang le lilemo tse 17 tsa mosebetsi o tsoelang pele o mafolofolo o hlahisitsoeng ke bothata ba ho finyella litlhoko tsa likhoeli tse tharo tse fetileng. O ile a tlaleha hore ha a leka ho kopanela liphate le mosali oa hae, o ne a thatafalloa ho finyella ho tsosoa le ho thatafalloa ke ho e boloka nako e telele ho fihlela e le bosiu. Ho tloha ha ngoana oa bona e monyenyane a tloha kolecheng, likhoeli tse tšeletseng pejana, o ne a iphumana a ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali hangata ka lebaka la ho ba le boinotšing bo eketsehileng. O ne a tloaetse ho ipholla litho tsohle ka beke ka karolelano, empa e ile ea eketseha ho isa ho tse peli ho tse tharo ka beke. O ne a atisa ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Inthaneteng, empa hangata o ne a li sebelisa, nako e telele e ne e nkoa e le li-orgasm ka boitsebiso ba hae bo tloaelehileng. Sena se ile sa etsa hore a sebelise boitsebiso bo bongata bo hlakileng. Nakoana ka mor'a moo, ho kopanela liphate le mosali oa hae "ho ne ho sa susumetsa" joaloka pele le ka linako tse ling o fumane mosali oa hae "a sa rate". O ile a hana ho ba le mathata ana pele ho lilemo tse supileng tsa lenyalo la bona. O ne a e-na le mathata a lenyalo hobane mosali oa hae o ne a belaella hore o na le taba, e leng seo a ileng a se hana.

13) Kamano pakeng tsa Hangata Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Tšebeliso, Lits'ebeletso, le Boiketlo ba Botona le Botšehali pakeng tsa Bacha ba Bochabela Sweden (2017) - Litšoantšo tse litšila tse sebelisoang ke banna ba lilemo li 18 li ne li fumaneha hohle, 'me basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa khafetsa ba ne ba khetha litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse thata. Na see se bontša ho eketseha ha tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa?

Har'a basebelisi ba tloaelehileng, mofuta o tloaelehileng oa litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso o ne o le boima haholo litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (71%) tse lateloang ke litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (64%), le hoja litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tse bonolo e ne e le mofuta o khethiloeng ka ho fetisisa (73%) le basebelisi ba nakoana (36% ). Hape ho ne ho e-na le phapang pakeng tsa lihlopha tse lekanang le ba shebellang litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso tsa bootsoa (71%, 48%, 10%) le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse mabifi (14%, 9%, 0%).

Bangoli ba bontša hore litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro hangata li ka 'na tsa lebisa ho khethollang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse thata kapa tse mabifi:

Hape hoa hlokomeleha hore kamano ea bohlokoa e ikarabellang e fumanoe pakeng tsa ho nahana ka litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ka makhetlo a mangata ka beke le ho sheba litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso ea bootsoa. Kaha liketso tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ea ho kopanela liphate le tsa thobalano li tloaelehile haholo, seo bacha ba bangata ba neng ba nahana hore ke litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso e ka 'nang ea hlalosoa e le boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Haeba ho joalo, 'me ka lebaka la tlhaho ea tlhaho ea ho kopanela liphate ho Peter le Valkenburg, ho ka etsahala hore ho e-na le ho' hloekisa 'batho litabeng tsa bona tsa maikutlo le tšekamelo ea liketso tsa thobalano, ho sheba litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso ea bootsoa ho ba matlafatsa, kahoo ba eketseha monyetla oa ho bonahatsa tlhekefetso ea thobalano.

14) Ho thata hakaakang ho sebetsana le ho phomola ha nako e khutšoanyane ho latela mohlala oa nakoana oa kelello? Tšoantšiso ea boemo (2017) - Ena ke tlaleho ea "linyeoe tse kopaneng" tse bonts'ang lisosa le kalafo ea ho lieha ho tsoa mali (anorgasmia). "Mokuli B" o ne a emela bahlankana ba 'maloa ba phekoloang ke setsebi. Ho khahlisang ke hore pampiri e re "tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" ea Patient B e ne e se e fetohile lintho tse thata "," joalo ka hangata ". Pampiri eo e re ho amana le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho lieha ho ntša peo ha se ntho e tloaelehileng, 'me hoa eketseha. Sengoli se hloka lipatlisiso tse ling mabapi le litlamorao tsa ts'ebeliso ea thobalano. Ho lieha ho khutla ha mokuli B ho ile ha folisoa kamora libeke tse 10 tsa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro. Litlhaloso tse amanang le ho eketseha:

Linyeoe ke linyeoe tse ngata tse nkiloeng mosebetsing oa ka ka har'a National Health Service, sepetlele sa Croydon University, London. Ka taba ena (Mokuli B), ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore pontšo e bonahatsa banna ba bangata ba batona ba 'nileng ba fetisetsoa ke li-GP tsa bona ka mokhoa o tšoanang oa ho hlahlojoa. Mokuli B ke lilemo li 19 ea hlahisitseng hobane o ne a sa khone ho ejaculate ka tsela ea ho kena. Ha a ne a le 13, o ne a atisa ho fumana libaka tsa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ka boeena ka lipatlisiso tsa inthanete kapa ka li-link tseo metsoalle ea hae e mo rometseng eona. O ile a qala ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali bosiu bo bong le bo bong a ntse a phenyekolla fono ea hae setšoantšo ... Haeba a ne a sa ipholla litho, o ne a sitoa ho robala. Litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso tseo a neng a li sebelisa li ne li eketsehile, joalo ka hangata (sheba Hudson-Allez, 2010), e le lintho tse boima (ho se letho le seng molaong) ...

Mokuli B o ne a pepesitsoe litšoantšong tsa thobalano ka litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa lilemo tsa 12 le litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tseo a li sebelisang li ne li eketsehile ho ba makhoba le ho busa ka nako ea 15.

Re ile ra lumela hore a ke ke a hlola a sebelisa litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali. Sena se ne se bolela ho siea fono ea hae ka kamoreng e fapaneng bosiu. Re ile ra lumellana hore o tla ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ka tsela e fapaneng ... .Sehlooho se hlophisa lipatlisiso mabapi le tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro le phello ea eona ka ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali le ho fokotsa thobalano.

Ka 2017, lithuto tse ling tse 'maloa li ne li sebelisitse "Khopolo ea Thobalano ea Thobalano" ho sekaseka litlamorao tsa bootsoa ho mosebelisi. Tlhaloso ea khopolo-taba ea thobalano ho tsoa tlhahlobisong ea lingaka ea 2017 ea lithaka, Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, Thabo le likamano tsa botona le botšehali: Ho ea ho Hedonic Reinforcement Model ea Inthaneteng Inthaneteng Media Media Sebelisa,

Khopolo-taba ea ho kopanela liphate

Morero o mong o ka bang teng mosebetsing ona oa joale o ka bonoa kamanong ea ona le litlamorao tsa media media tsa khopolo ea thobalano. Khopolo-taba ea thobalano e fana ka maikutlo a hore thobalano ea motho e tataisoa ke litšusumetso tsa sechaba tse hlahisang mengolo ea ho khetholla litakatso tsa thobalano, litoro le litloaelo (Gagnon & Simon, 2005; Simon & Gagnon, 1986). Batho ba boloka, ba ithuta le ho fetola lingoloa tikolohong ea bona, ba li sebelisa e le litataiso tsa tsebo ea ho phehella le ho etsa thobalano le balekane ba nnete ba thobalano. Mabapi le litaba tsa thobalano ka kakaretso le litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ka ho khetheha, Wright o kopantse mohopolo oa lingoloa tsa thobalano le lipatlisiso le mohopolo o tsoang puisanong, litlamorao tsa mecha ea litaba, ho ithuta ka ho shebisisa le ho sebetsana le tlhaiso-leseling ka bong Acquisition, Aho khaotsa, Amohlala (₃AM) ea botsoalle le litaba tsa thobalano (Wright, 2011, 2014; Wright & Bae, 2016; Wright, Malamuth, & Donnerstein, 2012; Wright & Donnerstein, 2014). Ka har'a ₃AM, ho fumanoa ho bolela mekhoa eo mofani oa litaba tsa thobalano a hlahisang ka eona thobalano e ncha kapa ea thobalano e thehiloeng ho lifilosofi tsa thobalano tse tsitsitseng le boitšoaro bo bontšoang ke mehlala ea litaba. Ka mohlala, moetsi oa IP a ka hlahisa khetho e itseng ea fetal kapa boitšoaro eo a neng a e-s'o be le eona pele ho IPU ka lebaka la lipolelo le liketso tsa baetsi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ho sebetsa ka Mangolo ho bolela mekhoa eo litlaleho tsa thobalano li ka e bakang, kapa tsa bohlokoa, tse ngotsoeng ka thobalano. Moetsi oa IP a ka 'na a ithuta litokomane bakeng sa thobalano e amanang le likamano tsa botona le botšehali, tse ling tse amanang le ho kopanela liphate le ho itlosa bolutu, ka mohlala, empa IPU ea bona e boloka script e qetellang e se e sebelisitsoe mohopolong. Qetellong, ts'ebetso e bua ka litsela tseo lengolo la thobalano le fumanoeng le ho li ts'ebetsong le bitsoa ho tataisa kahlolo, boikutlo, kapa boitšoaro bo itseng.

Mefuta e mengata ea ho itekanya e boletsoeng karolong e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea mohlala. Ho sa tsotellehe hore na litlaleho tsa ho kopanela liphate li hlokomelitsoe joang, li sebelisoa, li sebelisoa ebile lia sebelisoa li itšetlehile ka lintho tse ngata, bamameli, le maemo a itseng a maemo. Hore litlhaloso tsa morao-rao le tse tloaelehileng li eketsa menyetla ea liphello, leha ho le joalo, ke lits'ebeletso tsa bohlokoa. Ka hona, khopolo-taba ea hona joale eo IPO e tloaelehileng e susumelitsoeng ka eona le ho e ts'ehetsa ho susumetsa likamano tsa thobalano e lumellana haholo le ₃AM.

Lithuto tse tataisoang ke ₃AM maemong a IPU (mohlala, Braithwaite, Coulson, et al., 2015; Braithwaite, Givens, et al., 2015; Donevan & Mattebo, 2017; Lim et al., 2017; Sun et al., 2015; Tomaszewska & Krahe, 2016; Wright & Randall, 2012; Wright & Arroyo, 2013; Wright, 2013b; Wright, Tokunaga, & Kraus, 2016) ba fumane bopaki bo tšehetsang liqeto tsa eona, mme liphetho tse ngata tse joalo li lumellana le boemo boo IPU e amanang le bona ho kopanela liphate ho hoholo ka ho fetesisa. Ho hlakile hore ho na le tšusumetso ea IP ho fumaneng kapa nts'etsopele ea lingoloa tse ikhethileng tsa thobalano, ho kengoa ts'ebetsong ha lingoloa tse seng li ntse li le teng le ts'ebeliso ea mengolo eo. Ntle le moo, joalo ka ha ho builoe khafetsa libukeng tsa lingoloa tsa script, lingoloa tsa thobalano tse fumanehang ho IP li na le boits'oaro bo ikhethileng, haholo bakeng sa banna (Brown & L'Engle, 2009; Stulhofer et al., 2010; Sun et al., 2013). Ka hona, mofuta oa hona joale o ka bonoa e le ts'ebeliso e ikhethileng ea ₃AM, kahobane mohlala oa morao-rao o bua ka ho toba le karolo ea IP ho fumana, ho kenyelletsa, le ho sebelisa likamano tsa thobalano tsa hedonic.

Ntle le litloaelo tse boletsoeng kaholimo le lithuto tsa ho nyoloha, lithuto tse ling tse 'maloa li hlahlobile kamoo litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li sebelisang sebopeho sa thobalano ea basebelisi ("khopolo ea thobalano"):

1) Tlhahlobo ea likokoana-hloko tsa bacha le sepheo sa ho ts'ehetsa bophelo bo botle: thuto ea boleng bo botle UK (2014) - Excerpt:

Anal heterosex hangata e ne e bonahala e le bohloko, e le kotsi ebile e qobella, haholo basali. Batho bao ho buisanoeng le bona khafetsa ba ne ba qotsa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro e le 'tlhaloso' ea thobalano ea ka morao.

2) Litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso le thobalano ea banna ka thobalano: Tlhahlobo ea Tšebelisano le Likamano tsa Botona le Botšehali (2014) - Excerpt:

Ho ba teng ha litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ka ho kopanela liphate ho banna ho hlahisa lipotso mabapi le tšusumetso e ka ba le tšusumetso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa litabeng tsa thobalano; litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso li ka 'na tsa e-ba joang boitšoaro bo bobe ba thobalano ba banna, maikutlo le litakatso nakong ea ho kopanela liphate le basali? Lipatlisiso tsa rona li bontša hore banna ba bonang litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ba atisa ho itšetleha ka litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro hore ba be le thabo ea ho kopanela liphate ba be ba lule ba thabile 'me, ha ba kopanela boitšoarong bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate, ba ka khoneha ho kopanya litšoantšo tsa bootsoa liketsong tsa thobalano. Ho phaella moo, banna ba nang le litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ba sebelisa boithabiso bo fokotsehileng ha ho etsoa boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate ho bapisoa le banna ba nang le litefiso tse tlase tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ha li amane haholo le ho se sireletsehe ka thobalano.

3) Thuto ea Batho ba Kopanetsoeng ka ho Kopanela Liphate e Itšetlehile ka Nako e Bohlokoa Ho Ithuta: Tšusumetso ea ho lemalla thobalano, phekolo ea thobalano, le ho hlahisa bana (2014) - Excerpt:

Tloaelo e amanang le boits'oaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate le maemo a kotsi a thobalano e fana ka bopaki bo lumellanang le mohopolo oa hore bokhoba ba thobalano le thahasello e tlase ho thobalano ha e le motho e moholo li simolohile bongoaneng le bocheng. Thahasello ea batho ba baholo ho tsa thobalano le monyetla oa ho etsa boits'oaro bo kotsi ba thobalano bo ne bo atisa ho eketseha haeba liphihlelo tsa pele tsa motho ea nkang karolo ka ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali le tsa thobalano le molekane li etsahetse bongoaneng. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, thahasello ea batho ba baholo ho tsa thobalano e ne e le tlase haholo ha ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali kapa thobalano le molekane ho ne ho etsahetse pele ho lilemo tse 18. Liphuputso ka bobeli li ne li tsamaellana le ho ithuta nako e mahlonoko.

Liphello tsa thuto ea rona li fane ka motheo o mocha oa khopolo le tsoelo-pele bakeng sa tšimoloho ea bobeli ba ho lemalla thobalano ka lehlakoreng le leng le takatso ea ho kopanela liphate ka boikaketsi ka lehlakoreng le leng. Thahasello e phahameng tabeng ea ho kopanela liphate e hlokometsoe ho ba nang le phihlelo ea pele le ho kopanela liphate le balekane le ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ho ka hlalosoa ke ketso e kopantsoeng ea boemo ba Pavlovia, boemo ba ho sebetsa, le nako e boima ea ho ithuta e qalileng ka phihlelo ea pele le thobalano le molekane oa hau kapa ntle le tšusumetso ea maikutlo boiphihlelo ba pele ka ho ikhotsofatsa litho tsa botona kapa botšehali (Beard et al., 2013; O'Keefe et al., 2014; hape bona Hoffmann, 2012 le Pfaus et al., 2012 bakeng sa litlhahlobo tsa likhopolo-taba le ditshwantsho tsa liteko).

4) Litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa banna ba Korea ba sebelisa, Thahasello ea Bona Litšoantšong Tse Bobebe Tsa Bootsoa le Likamano Tsa Botona le Botšehali ba Dyadic (2014) - Excerpt:

Boholo ba batho (84.5%) ba ba arabelitsoeng ba ne ba shebile litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​le ba ba neng ba kopanela liphate (470 ba arabelang), re fumane hore thahasello e phahameng litšoantšong tse litšila tse tsosang takatso e feteletseng e amahanngoa le phihlelo ea litšoantšiso tsa thobalano ho litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le molekane , le khetho ea ho sebelisa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho finyella le ho boloka thabo ea thobalano ka ho kopanela liphate le molekane.

5) Thuto ea Batho ba Kopanetsoeng ka ho Kopanela Liphate e Itšetlehile ka Nako e Bohlokoa Ho Ithuta: Tšusumetso ea ho lemalla thobalano, phekolo ea thobalano, le ho hlahisa bana (2014) - Excerpt:

Tloaelo e amanang le boits'oaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate le maemo a kotsi a thobalano e fana ka bopaki bo lumellanang le mohopolo oa hore bokhoba ba thobalano le thahasello e tlase ho thobalano ha e le motho e moholo li simolohile bongoaneng le bocheng. Thahasello ea batho ba baholo ho tsa thobalano le monyetla oa ho etsa boits'oaro bo kotsi ba thobalano bo ne bo atisa ho eketseha haeba liphihlelo tsa pele tsa motho ea nkang karolo ka ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali le tsa thobalano le molekane li etsahetse bongoaneng. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, thahasello ea batho ba baholo ho tsa thobalano e ne e le tlase haholo ha ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali kapa thobalano le molekane ho ne ho etsahetse pele ho lilemo tse 18. Liphuputso ka bobeli li ne li tsamaellana le ho ithuta nako e mahlonoko.

Liphello tsa thuto ea rona li fane ka motheo o mocha oa khopolo le tsoelo-pele bakeng sa tšimoloho ea bobeli ba ho lemalla thobalano ka lehlakoreng le leng le takatso ea ho kopanela liphate ka boikaketsi ka lehlakoreng le leng. Thahasello e phahameng tabeng ea ho kopanela liphate e hlokometsoe ho ba nang le phihlelo ea pele le ho kopanela liphate le balekane le ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ho ka hlalosoa ke ketso e kopantsoeng ea boemo ba Pavlovia, boemo ba ho sebetsa, le nako e boima ea ho ithuta e qalileng ka phihlelo ea pele le thobalano le molekane oa hau kapa ntle le tšusumetso ea maikutlo boiphihlelo ba pele ka ho ikhotsofatsa litho tsa botona kapa botšehali (Beard et al., 2013; O'Keefe et al., 2014; hape bona Hoffmann, 2012 le Pfaus et al., 2012 bakeng sa litlhahlobo tsa likhopolo tsa maemo le liteko tsa experimentadata).

6)  "Kantle ho Porn ... Ke ne ke sa Tsebe Half Lintho Tseo ke li Tsebang Hona Joale": Thuto e Tšoanelehang ea Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Sebelisa Har'a Mehlala ea Metse ea Meholo, Mesebetsi e tlaase, Bacha ba Majoe le ba Maaspanishe (2015) - Excerpt:

Ho phaella moo, liphuputso tsa rona li totobatsa hore mocha e mong o sebelisa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro e le mohloli oa thuto: bacha ba batla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho ithuta ho kopanela liphate; ba bang ba etsisa kapa ba botsoa ke molekane ho etsisa, seo ba se boneng. Ha re fumana hore mocha o etsisa seo ba se bonang litšoantšong tsa bootsoa o lumellana le bonyane thuto ea pele ea 51 ho shebella bacha ba ileng ba tlaleha hore ba kopitsitse seo ba se boneng litšoantšong tsa bootsoa ha ba kopanela liphate (Smith, 2013), le thuto e ngata e fumaneng 63% ea sampuli ea liithuti tsa univesithi e tlalehile ho ithuta mekhoa e mecha ea ho kopanela liphate le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (Trostle, 2003). Phuputsong ea hona joale ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e le mohlala oa ho kopanela liphate ho bile le liphello tse mpe ho basali ba bang ka sampong eo ba ileng ba tlaleha hore ba "hloletsoe" ka bohloko ba ho kopanela liphate, ba ikutloa ba qobelloa ho kopanela liphate ka boemo bo sa phutholoheng, ba sa thabele thobalano, kapa ba tsuba thobalano karabo. Liphetho tsena li lumellana le tse tlalehiloeng ke Marston le Lewis (2014), ea ileng a fumana hore ka mohlala oa bacha ba 130 ba lilemo li 16 ho ba lilemo li 18 basali ba tlaleha hore ba utloile bohloko ba ho kopanela liphate empa ba ne ba atisa ho "senyeha" ho balekane ba bona, 'me mocha o ne a nahana hore thahasello ea ho kopanela liphate ka ho kopanela liphate e ne e hlile e bakoa ke litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.

7) Ho hlahloba phello ea lintho tse hlalosang thobalano litabeng tsa thobalano, kutloisiso le mekhoa ea banna ba bacha: phuputso ea boleng (2016) - Excerpt:

Liphetho li totobatsa tse ling tsa bohlokoa tse ka fumanoang mabapi le phello eo tšebeliso ea SEM e nang le eona litumelong tsa thobalano, kutloisiso le litloaelo tsa bahlankana, lebaleng le batlisisitsoeng. Ka meeli ea sampole ea boleng bo phahameng 'me ka hona e ke keng ea sebelisoa, lihlooho li ne li tla una molemo ho netefatso e kholo ea mohlala empa li ntse li kenya letsoho ho qaleng ha ak'haonte ea thuto ea hore SEM e ka bopa maikutlo le boits'oaro joang. Tšebeliso le kamohelo ea SEM e tlalehiloe e ntse e hola, joalo ka ha ho netefalitsoe lipatlisisong tse ling (2,3,4,16,10)., Ho kenyeletsoa le litaba tse fetelletseng ha bacha ba tlaleha hore ba lahliloe ke litaba tsa SEM, ba hloka ho pepeseha ho fetelletseng molemong oa ho ikutloa ba hlasimolohile kapa tshoha.

Bahlankana ba ithutong ena, ba ananetse litlamorao tse mpe menahanong ea thobalano le boits'oarong ba bacha. Bahlankana ba ithutong bona ka bobona ba hlahisitse monyetla oa hore ho pepeseha ha SEM ho ka lebisa ho mofuta oa ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi ka tlhoko e ntseng e eketseha ea litaba tse fetelletseng. Ba bang ba tlaleha hore ba na le tlhoko ea ho sutumetsa meeli ea bona khafetsa bakeng sa ho hlasimolla, ka batho ba seng ba sa ts'oaroe ke litaba tse ling, mohlala o fumanoeng lipatlisisong tse fetileng (32, 33, 34, 35, 36) e e hokahanya le liphihlelo tsa thobalano pele ho nako; ho hanyetsa basali, litebello tse sa utloahaleng le keketseho ea tlhekefetso ea thobalano (16).

8) Mangolo a thobalano le boitšoaro ba thobalano ba banna le basali ba sebelisang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (2016) - Excerpt:

Ho sebelisa boitsebiso bo bokelitsoeng ho banna le basali ba 1,880 ba lulang United States, lipatlisiso tsena li ile tsa batlisisa mekhatlo e teng pakeng tsa tekano, litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le liketso tsa thobalano tsa 20 tse fumanoang litšoantšong tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro. Liketso li ne li arotsoe ho latela hore na barupeluoa ba tlaleha kapa ba na le thahasello ea ho leka mekhoa e tobileng ea ho kopanela liphate e le (a) ho hlekefetsa (mohlala, ho roala moriri, ho qhaqha, kapa ho pata), (b) ) tloaelo ea ho kopanela liphate le / kapa e nyonyehang (mohlala, ho ruruha ha banna molomong, ho kopanela liphate, ho kopanya liphate le bo-'mè). Ho sebelisa khopolo ea ho kopanela liphate, re ne re nahana hore tšebeliso e kholo ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro e tla amahanngoa le monyetla o moholo oa ho kopanela le ho thahasella ho kenya letsoho litabeng tsena tsa thobalano. Litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso li ne li amahanngoa le monyetla o moholo oa ho kopanela le ho ba le thahasello ea ho leka mefuta eohle ea boitšoaro ba thobalano. Banna ba ne ba e-na le menyetla e mengata ho feta basali ho ba le boitšoaro bo mabifi le bo sa tloaelehang, 'me basali ba ne ba e-na le menyetla e mengata ho feta banna hore ba kene mekhoeng ea sepheo.

9) Kamano pakeng tsa Hangata Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Tšebeliso, Lits'ebeletso, le Boiketlo ba Botona le Botšehali pakeng tsa Bacha ba Bochabela Sweden (2017) - Excerpt:

Liphuputso tsa rona li bontša hore hangata basebedisi ba bangata ba tlaleha boitšoaro bo amanang le ts'oaetso ea thobalano ho nka lilemong tsa pejana lilemong tsa ho kopanela liphate, ho kopanela liphate, ho kopanela liphate le ho ba le liketso tse lekiloeng litšoantšong

E itšetlehile ka 3AM, haeba basebelisi ba nako e ngata ba ka leka ho hlahloba liketso tsa ho kopanela liphate tse shebelloang litšoantšong tse litšila tse tsosang takatso, ha ho bonolo ho nahana hore tsela e kotsi eo ba boneng liketso tsena ka eona e ka 'na ea e-ba internalized (e fumanoeng) le e sebelisitsoeng ( tshebediso) litabeng tsa sebele bophelong.

Mabapi le ho qobella litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ea boitšoaro bo bobe, hoa hlolla hore karolo ea boraro ea basebelisi ba kamehla ba lumela hore ba sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho feta tseo ba li batlang. Joalokaha ho boletsoe ka holimo, phuputso e ntseng e eketseha ea lipatlisiso e bontšang litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso e ka 'nang ea e-ba meriana. Ho tloha ha boko ba bacha bo ntse bo le boemong ba bona ba ntshetsopele, bacha ba ka 'na ba kotsing ea ho ba le bothata ba ho sheba litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso. "Ho fapana le batho ba baholo, bacha ba lumeloa hore ba haelloa ke nako e lekaneng le botšepehi maemong a ka sehloohong a hlokahalang bakeng sa ho laola tsebo ea ho kopanela liphate, mehopolo le boitšoaro bo hlalositsoeng ke litšoantšo tsa bootsoa." Sena, se kopantsoe le maikutlo a hore bacha ba sebetsa le ho boloka litšoantšo hole ho molemo ho feta mantsoe a ngotsoeng kapa a buuoeng, ho bolela hore nts'etsopele ea thuto ea thobalano e sebetsang e ba ea bohlokoa haholo ho fapana le melaetsa e hlalosang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.

Liphello li bontša hore batho ba sebelisang litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro hangata ba na le lipelaelo tsa ho kopanela liphate ha ba sa le banyenyane, ba kopanela mefuteng e mengata ea likamano tsa botona le botšehali, 'me ba ka' na ba loana le bothata ba ho kopanela liphate le bothata ba bootsoa bo sebelisoang. Phuputso ena e tlatsetsa lefapheng la lipatlisiso tse ntseng li hōla tse fanang ka bopaki ba hore litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li ka ba le liphello tse mpe ho bacha.

Ka 2012, boits'oaro bo bobe ba thobalano bo tlotlisitsoeng Nofap bo entse tlhahlobo e kholo haholo. E 'ngoe ea lipotso tse botsitsoeng mabapi le kholo: "Na lintho tseo u li ratileng litšoantšong tsa bootsoa li fetohile?" Liphetho:

• Litakatso tsa ka ha lia fetoha haholo - 29%
• Litakatso tsa ka li ile tsa fetoha tse feteletseng kapa tse fokolang 'me sena sa etsa hore ke ikutloe ke le lihlong kapa ke imetsoe kelellong - 36%
• Litakatso tsa ka li ile tsa fetoha tse fetelletseng kapa tsa kheloha 'me sena ha sea ka sa nkutloisa lihlong kapa ho sithabetsa maikutlo - 27%

Ka bokhutšoanyane, phetoho e kholo ea boitsebiso le boitsebiso bo bong bo tšehetsa boipiletso ba hore litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa inthanete li ka ama litakatso tsa thobalano kapa boitšoaro ba thobalano, haholo-holo nakong ea bocha. Tlhahiso ea hore litakatso tsa ho kopanela liphate li ka boela tsa e-ba le maemo a sa tloaelehang, ha li-thuto le liphoofolo li senotse. Ho tsoa tlhahlobisong Khopolo-taba ea Bo-rasaense e Atamela ho Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Bo Inthaneteng (2017), tlhaloso e buang ka litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le boemo ba thobalano:

7.3.2 Cue Reactivity le boemo ba ho khotsofatsa takatso

Karolong ea ho qetela, re hlahlobile liphuputso mabapi le likarabo tsa bokooa litabeng tsa ho kopanela liphate, ho etsa hore reactivity e be teng, le boemo ba ho khotsofatsa 'me qetellong le li-neurophysiological correlates tsa tšebeliso e mpe ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Re ka bontša hore ho ba le takatso ea ho kopanela liphate ho etsa hore ho sebelisoe methapo ea potoloho ho potoloho ea moputso (mohlala, ACC, striral, orbitofrontal cortex), mohlomong ka lebaka la maono a maholo a dopamine moputso oa tsela. Ka hona, khopolo-taba ea hore tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e ka 'na ea e-ba thata ho banna ba bangata ba tiisitsoeng. Bohlokoa ba ho ba le takatso ea boitsebiso bo litšila ba bootsoa bo hatisoa hape ke taba ea hore lipolelo tsena li ka sebelisoa e le tšusumetso e sa amoheleheng ea liteko tsa boemo ba ho khotsofatsa. Ka hona-ho tšoana le mekhoa e meng ea ho lemalla-tšusumetso e sa jeleng paate ea molao e fetoha tšusumetso ea boitšoaro bo hlephileng. Sena se lumellana le litlaleho tsa banna ba nang le lithethefatsi tse litšila tse tsosang takatso tse hlalosang takatso e matla ea takatso ea ho sheba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro haeba ba tobana le maemo a itseng, maikutlo a bona, kapa ts'oaetso e tšoanang le maemo, ao litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li atisang ho li ja. Ka ho khetheha, ho na le tšusumetso ea ho kopanela liphate, ka mohlala, sekoahelo sa makasine, empa le boitsebiso bo mabapi le ho ba mong-lapeng bo ka 'na ba etsa hore ba batle ho itšoara ka tsela e lemalang.

Lithethefatsi tse amanang le lintho tse amanang le lithethefatsi, cue reactivity e khelosa maikutlo a hore pele e ne e le tšusumetso e sa jeleng paate e ileng ea fetoha e amanang le ts'oaetso ea lithethefatsi ea takatso ea ho ntša lithethefatsi ka dopamine ho lokolloa sechabeng sa ventral esita le haeba sephetho se khutlisetsoa morao (Childress et al. 2008). Mokhoa o ka sehloohong ke boemo bo matlafatsang, mofuta oa boemo bo tloaelehileng (Martin-Soelch et al. 2007). Ho nahanoa hore boemo bo khathatsang maikutlo bo boetse bo ameha boitšoarong ba thobalano, mohlala, tsoelo-pele ea litakatso tsa thobalano (Akins 2004; Brom et al. 2014; Martin-Soelch et al. 2007; Pfaus et al. 2001) ebile o phetha karolo e kholo ho lemalla thobalano (Banca et al. 2016; Klucken et al. 2016). Ho thahasellisang ke hore le hoja boemo ba ho ba le khatello ea maikutlo bo nkoa e le mokhoa o ka sehloohong oa nts'etsopele ea lithethefatsi, liphuputso tse fokolang feela ho fihlela joale li hlahlobile li-coralates tsa neural conditioning, haholo-holo mohatong oa ho lemalla thobalano.

Haeba ho na le bothata ba ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​motho o nka hore ka hare (mohlala, ho tsosoa, maikutlo a nyahamisang) kapa ka ntle (mohlala, pono ea k'homphieutha kapa smartphone) leqheka le neng le amahanngoa le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali. Tlhahiso ena e hloka hore litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li ka sebetsa e le tšusumetso e sa lumellaneng ka maemo a khathatsang a paradigm e hlahisang karabo ea neural dopaminergic e susumelitsoeng ke neural ventral ho lebisa tlhokomelo e tsitsitseng.

Boemong bo tloaelehileng ba ho itšireletsa, ho se nke lehlakore (hamorao ho tsosolosoa, CS +) ho kopanngoa le moputso (khatello e sa lumellaneng, UCS) joaloka chelete, monko o khathollang, lithethefatsi, kapa thobalano, ha mocha oa bobeli o sa nke lehlakore (CS-) e amanang le ho se be teng ha UCS (Martin-Soelch et al. 2007). Ka ho hlahloba phapang ea likarabo tsa CS + le CS-, maemo a khethollang a khethollang a ka netefatsoa. Ho na le lipatlisiso tse 'maloa tse sebelisitseng moqapi ona oa liteko ka mokhoa oa ho kopanela liphate ka mokhoa o sa amoheleheng (Bobeli le al. 2008, 2011; Klucken et al. 2009, 2013, 2015). Liphuputso tsena li bontšitse khafetsa hore CS +, e kopantsoeng le litakatso tsa botona le botšehali (mohlala, litšoantšo tsa thobalano kapa ts'oaetso ea thobalano), e etsa hore likarabo li sebetsane hantle (ke hore, likarabo tse eketsehileng ho CS + ho fapana le CS-). Ka mohlala, ho rata ho eketsehileng le litekanyetso tsa ho tsosoa ho ile ha fumanoa ho CS + ho fapana le boemo ba CS- kamora 'mele pele ho moo (Klucken et al. 2009, 2013). Leha ho le joalo, le hoja liphetoho likhethong tsa khetho li 'nile tsa fumanoa hangata nakong ea boemo bo matlafatsang, likarabo tsa maemo a mang likarolong tse ling tsa likarabo tse kang phallo-likarabo tsa mmele (mohlala, likarabo tsa letlalo la boitšoaro (SCRs) kapa likarabo tsa thobalano) ha lia hlaka. Ka mohlala, Klucken et al. (2009) e fumanoe e eketsehile litekanyetso le likarabo tsa tlhaho ho CS + ha li bapisoa le CS-, empa ha ho na phapang e khōlō ho li-SCR. Ho feta moo, lihlooho tse tšoanang li ne li fapane le li-SCR pakeng tsa li-UCS (litšoantšo tsa thobalano) le bao e seng li-UCS (lipolotiki, litšoantšo tse sa tšoaneng), ho totobatsa hore li-SCR li khona ho fapana pakeng tsa lintho tse sa tloaelehang le tse sa tloaelehang ka kakaretso. Leha ho le joalo, lithuto tse ling tse sebelisang palo e phahameng ea lihlooho li ka bonts'a li-SCR tse eketsehileng tse nang le maemo a holimo ho CS + (Klucken et al. 2013). E le ho hlalosa liphello tsena tse fapaneng, ho nahanoa hore liphello tse bakoang ke lik'hemik'hale tsa maikutlo ke tse nyenyane mme li ka 'na tsa itšetleha haholo ka liphapang tse ling (Klucken et al. 2009, 2013, 2015). Ka tlhahlobo, Brom et al. (2014) e boetse e nahana hore phallo-likarabo tsa bophelo bo ka 'na tsa se ke tsa e-ba matla a matla a ho ba le khatello ea maikutlo, haholo-holo tabeng ea tšusumetso ea thobalano.

Mabapi le li-corralate tsa neural tse nang le khatello ea maikutlo le likamano tsa botona le botšehali joaloka UCS, lipatlisiso li khethile marang-rang a tsamaisanang le li-amygdala, ventral striatum, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), anterior cingulated cortex (ACC), le insula ( Martin-Soelch et al. 2007). E 'ngoe ea mehaho ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa boemo ba ho khotsofatsa ke amygdala, e amehang ka ho khetheha ho thehoa mokhatlo oa CS-UCS (Martin-Soelch et al. 2007). Letsatsi le Carelli (2007) li totobatsa tlhōlisong ea bona tlhaloso ea ventral, kapa haholo-holo, nucleus accumbens e le libaka tse ka sehloohong bakeng sa maemo a khathatsang. Karolo ena ea bohlokoa ea thibelo ea sekhahla ka boemo bo khathollang e boetse e ts'ehetsoa ke liphuputso, ho bontša hore e ameha mosebetsing oa ho sebetsa le ho lebella liketsahalo tse ntle haholo-holo ho tsosa thobalano (Oei et al. 2012; Stark et al. 2005). OFC, insula le lik'hamphani tsa ACC li ka 'na tsa bonahatsa mekhoa ea ho hlahloba mekhoa ea tlhahlobo ea CS le hona joale e le tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa ho lemoha maikutlo a' mele, a bonahalang ho sa tsotellehe tšusumetso ea thobalano, maikutlo a mang a kang tšabo le nyeliso, kapa tse ling tse ntle (Craig 2009; Domjan 1994; Klucken et al. 2009). Ho thahasellisang ke hore liphuputso tsa ho hlahloba mekhoa ea ho itšoara ka mokhoa o khathatsang litabeng tse nang le lithethefatsi tsa thobalano li fumane phapang e fokolang ho tse ling tse sebetsang hantle. Klucken et al. (2016) e fumane ts'ebetso e eketsehileng ea amygdala ts'ebetsong ea ho kopanela liphate le batho ba lemaletseng ho kopanela liphate hammoho le ho fokotsa khokahanyo ea likhukhuni le ho khetholla nakong ea ho ba le maemo a khotsofatsang esita le ka mor'a ho lokisoa ka monate oa litekanyetso. Tlhaloso e le 'ngoe bakeng sa liphapang tsena tsa lihlopha ke maikutlo a hore ho eketseha ha li-amygdala ho etsa liipone ho etsa hore ho be le boemo bo botle le litakatso ho banna ba nang le bothata ba ho kopanela liphate. Ho phaella moo, ho fokotseha ha liphallelo ho ka ba le maikutlo a fokolang-a tsamaiso ea molao joaloka ho fokotsa ho laoloa ke takatso ho bakuli bana.

Ka kakaretso, tsebo e mabapi le boemo ba khatello ea maikutlo le litakatso tsa thobalano e fokolitsoe. Tse seng kae tse hatisitsoeng ka nako eo li hatisitsoeng li bontšitse mokhoa o tšoanang oa li-neural network tse kenang mekhoeng e meng ea khatello ea maikutlo e nang le tšusumetso e fanang ka melemo e mengata le NAcc e le e 'ngoe ea mehaho ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa. Leha ho le joalo, tsela e 'ngoe e thahasellisang ea ho hlahloba ke nako ea nako ea ts'ebetso ea dopamine, hobane ho na le bopaki bo bong ba hore dopamine ea NAcc e phetha karolo ea bohlokoa qalong, empa e ka tlaase ho boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate (Georgiadis et al. 2012).

Tlhaloso e latelang ea Park et al., 2016 e akaretsa lipatlisiso tse ling tsa batho le liphoofolo ha li amana le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa inthanete tse tsosang takatso ea thobalano:

3.4.3. Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Inthaneteng le ho Kopanela Liphate

Kaha basebeletsi ba rona ba tlaleha hore ba ile ba ts'oaroa le ho tsosoa ke litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa inthanete, empa eseng ntle le tsona, lipatlisiso lia hlokahala ho thibela maemo a thobalano a sa lebelloang e le sesosa sa keketseho ea likhathatso tsa ts'ebetso ea thobalano le takatso e tlase ea thobalano ho banna ba ka tlase ho 40. Prause le Pfaus ba nahanne hore ho tsosa takatso ea thobalano ho ka fetoha likarolo tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa inthanete tse sa fetoheng habonolo maemong a balekane ba nnete. "Ho nahanoa hore ho ba le litakatso tse ngata tsa thobalano ho latela maemo a VSS [tšusumetso ea thobalano] ho ka baka karabelo e fokotsehileng ea erectile nakong ea likamano tsa thobalano tse arohaneng ... Ha litebello tse matla tsa ts'usumetso li sa fihlelloe, ts'usumetso e kopanetsoeng ea thobalano ha e sebetse" [50]. Boemo bo joalo bo sa tloaelehang ba ho kopanela liphate bo lumellana le mokhoa oa ho khothatsa. Litsela tse 'maloa tsa lipatlisiso tse hlakileng li ile tsa eketsa mesolambic dopamine ho matlafatsa lithethefatsi tse peli tsa tlhekefetso le moputso oa thobalano [100,103]. Ho sebetsana le li-receptor tsa dopamine tsa D1, boiphihlelo ba ho kopanela liphate le tlhahiso ea kelello ea psychosotimulant ho baka liphetoho tse ngata tsa nako e telele tsa neuroplastic ho NAc e le bohlokoa bakeng sa ntlafatso ea ho batla litlhohonolofatso tse peli [103].

Motho ea sebelisang litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Inthanete kajeno a ka lula a tsositse takatso ea ho kopanela liphate, 'me a haelloa ke dopamine e phahameng, ka nako e telele ka lebaka la litaba tse sa lekanyetsoang tsa romana. Linaha tse phahameng tsa dopamine li 'nile tsa ameha tabeng ea ho beha boitšoaro bo bobe ba likamano tsa botona le botšehali ka litsela tse sa lebelloang ho bobeli ba liphoofolo [176,177] le batho. Ho batho, ha bakuli ba Parkinson ba ne ba laetsoe hore li-agonists li fuoe dopamine, ba bang ba tlaleha hore batho ba sa lumellaneng le litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso, ba sebelisa 'me ba bonahatsa mesebetsi e mengata ea litšoantšo tsa thobalano, e amanang le takatso ea ho kopanela liphate [178]. Liphuputso tse peli tsa morao-rao tsa FMRI li tlalehile hore litaba tse nang le boitšoaro bo bobe ba likamano tsa botona le botšehali li atisa ho theha mekhatlo e nang le maemo a pakeng tsa maqheka a sa nke lehlakore le likhang tse hlakileng tsa ho kopanela liphate ho feta taolo [86,121]. Ka ho sheba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Inthaneteng, "ho batla" ho ka 'na ha eketseha bakeng sa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa Inthaneteng tse sa lebelloang le tse fapa-fapaneng, tseo ho leng thata ho li boloka nakong ea thobalano. Tumellanong le khopolo ea hore litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa Inthanete li ka sebelisa maemo a ho kopanela liphate, Seok le Sohn ba fumane hore ho bapisoa le taolo ea bosodoma ho ne ho e-na le ts'ebetso e kholo ea DLPFC likamano tsa botona le botšehali, leha ho le joalo ts'ebetso ea DLPFC e se ke ea etsoa khahlanong le thobalano [120]. Hape ho bonahala eka litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Inthanete li ka etsa hore motho a ka lebella kapa a "batle" mokhoa o sa tloaelehang. Banca et al. ba tlaleha hore litaba tse nang le mekhoa ea ho kopanela liphate e qobelloang li ne li e-na le khetho e kholo ea litšoantšo tsa ho kopanela liphate le ho bontša mekhoa e meholo ka holimo ho ho sheba litšoantšo tse tšoanang tsa thobalano [86]. Bakeng sa basebelisi ba bang, khetho ea tlhaho e hlahisoa ke tlhoko ea ho hlōla ho fokotseha ha libido le mosebetsi oa erectile, e leng se ka lebisang ho litakatso tse ncha tsa bootsoa [27].

Ha mosebelisi a tsosa takatso ea hae ea thobalano litšoantšong tsa bootsoa tsa inthanete, thobalano le balekane ba nnete ba ka ngolisoang e le "ba sa fihlelleng litebello" (ponelopele e mpe ea moputso) e lebisang ho fokotseheng ho ts'oanang ha dopamine. E kopantsoe le ho se khone ho tobetsa ho hlasimolla ho feta, polelo ena e sa reroang e ka matlafatsa maikutlo a hore thobalano e arohaneng ha e na thuso ho feta litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa inthanete. Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Inthanete li boetse li fana ka maikutlo a motho eo a atisang ho ba le eena ha a fumanehe ka thobalano e kopanetsoeng. Ho ka etsahala hore haeba mosebelisi ea sebelisang litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro Inthaneteng a matlafatsa kamano pakeng tsa ho tsoha le ho shebella batho ba bang ba etsa thobalano litsing ha a ntse a tsohile haholo, botsoalle ba hae lipakeng tsa likamano tsa botona le botšehali tse tsoileng tseleng bo ka fokola.

Lipatlisiso mabapi le maemo a ho kopanela liphate ho batho ha li lekane, empa li bontša hore tsoho ea ho kopanela liphate ke boemo bo botle [179,180,181], haholo-holo pele e e-ba motho e moholo [182]. Ho banna, ho tsosoa ho ka fetisetsoa ho lifilimi tse khethehileng [183], hammoho le litšoantšo [184]. Ho sebetsana le thobalano le ho khahloa ke liphoofolo tsa banna (eseng batho) ho ka ba le maemo a mangata ao ka tloaelo a sa lokelang ho kopanela liphate ho tsona, ho akarelletsa litholoana tsa litholoana, linotlolo tse kang a cadaverine, balekane ba bong bo tšoanang, le ba apereng ea liaparo tse nang le litoeba [177,185,186,187]. Ka mohlala, likhooe tse ithutileng thobalano le seaparo ha lia ka tsa etsa ka tloaelo ntle le likoti tsa tsona [187].

Tumellanong le lipatlisiso tsena tsa boemo bo botle, nako e khutšoanyane eo banna ba qalileng ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba Inthanete ka eona kamehla, 'me ba e rata haholoanyane ka thobalano e kopanetsoeng, ho se thabise ha bona ho tlaleha ka thobalano e arohaneng, le ho phahamisa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba Inthanete hona joale. [37]. Ka tsela e tsoanang, banna ba tlaleha ho sebelisoa ho eketsehileng ha litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tse se nang letho (tseo batšoantšisi ba sa li kenyeng likhohlopo) le tšebeliso ea eona lilemong tsa pele ho moo, ba kopanela liphate tse ling tse sa sireletsang tsa thobalano ka bobona [188,189]. Ho sebelisa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro pele ho nako ho ka boela ha amahanngoa le litakatso tsa maemo a ho feteletseng haholo [99,190].

Tlhahlobo ea Pfaus e supa hore boemo ba pele bo bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso ea thobalano: "Ho ntse ho hlaka hore ho na le nako ea bohlokoa ea tsoelo-pele ea boitšoaro bo hlephileng ea ho kopanela liphate e ikarabellang ho liphihlelo tsa pele tsa thobalano le takatso, ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali le ho kopanela liphate ho kopanela liphate ka boeona "[191] (leq. 32). Tlhahiso ea nako ea bohlokoa ea tsoelo-pele e lumellana le tlaleho ea Voon et al. hore litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Inthanete tse qobelloang ka ho fetisisa li bontša hore ho na le mosebetsi o moholo oa ho etsa lipapali tse hlakileng [31]. Sepheo sa ventral ke sebaka se ka sehloohong se amehang ho matlafatsa moputso oa tlhaho le lithethefatsi [103]. Voon et al. o ile a boela a tlaleha hore litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Inthaneteng lihlooho li ile tsa qala ho sheba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Inthanete nakoana pele (lilemo tse bolelang 13.9)31]. Phuputso ea 2014 e fumane hore hoo e batlang e le halofo ea banna ba lilemo li kolecheng ba tlaleha hore ba pepesehetse litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa Inthanete pele ba le lilemo li 13, ha li bapisoa le 14% feela ka 2008 [37]. Na litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso tsa Inthanete tse sebelisoang nakong ea boemo bo boima ba ho hōla li eketsa kotsi ea mathata a amanang le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba Internet E ka thusa ho hlalosa tlhaloso ea 2015 ea hore 16% ea banna ba bacha ba Mataliana ba neng ba sebelisa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro Inthaneteng hanngoe ka beke ba tlaleha takatso e tebileng ea ho kopanela liphate, ha bapisoa le 0% ho bao e seng bareki [29]? Mohlanka oa rona oa pele e ne e le 20 feela mme o ne a ntse a sebelisa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro Inthaneteng kaha o ile a fumana Inthanete e phahameng.

Banna ba ka atleha ho etsa qeto ea ho kopanela liphate ho laboratori ka tlaleho ea thuto, empa ntle le ho matlafatsoa, ​​maemo a joalo a laboratori a nyamela litekong tsa morao [176]. Ts'ebetso ena ea tlhaho ea mali e ka 'na ea fana ka maikutlo a hore na tse peli tsa servicemen tsa rona li tsosolosoa joang le ho kopanela liphate le balekane ba bona ka mor'a ho tlohela lipapali tsa thobalano le / kapa ho khaola litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa Inthaneteng. Ho fokotsa kapa ho tima likarabo tsa boemo bo hlaselang ho etsoang ka maiketsetso e ka 'nang ea khahloa hape le liketso tsa thobalano le balekane ba bona.

Qetellong, ke litlhaloso tse ling tse hlahang sehloohong sa Norman Doidge se phatlalalitsoeng koranteng e hlahlobisitsoeng ke lithaka: Ho Kopanela Liphate Boineng: Sefepali sa Brain se Ruta ka Internet Porn (2014).

Re har'a phetoho ea litakatso tsa thobalano le tsa lerato ho fapana le tse ling tsa histori, teko ea sechaba e etsoang ho bana le bacha, e hapuoeng ponong e matla, e boima ka ho fetisisa litokomane tsa Brithani InRealLife, mabapi le liphello tsa inthanete ho bacha, tataiso ea Baroness Beeban Kidron.

Papaling ena, moshanyana ea lilemo li 15 ea ho bua ka mokhoa o tsotehang o hlahisa mokhoa o tsoelang pele bophelong ba limilione tsa bashanyana, bao litakatso tsa bona tsa thobalano li bōpiloeng haholo ka 24 / 7 ho fihlella liphate tsa inthanete. O hlalosa kamoo litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li bōpileng 'bophelo ba hae ba sebele' ka thobalano:

"U ka leka ngoananyana 'me u fumane setšoantšo se phethahetseng sa seo u se shebileng ho internet ... u ka batla hore a tšoane hantle le seo u se boneng Inthaneteng ... Ke leboha haholo mang kapa mang ea entseng liwebsaete tsena , le hore ba lokolohile, empa ka kutloisiso e meng e senya boikutlo bohle ba lerato. Ho nkutloisa bohloko hobane ke fumana hona joale ho thata haholo hore ke fumane ho amana le ngoananyana. "

Ntho e bohloko haholo ka boemo, ke kamoo a neng a le monyenyane kateng a fumaneng hore litakatso tsa hae tsa thobalano le litakatso tsa lerato li fapane.

Ho sa le joalo, re ithuta ho tsoa lifiliming tsena le tse ling tseo banana ba ka khonang ho ba le balekane ba joalo ka tsona, "ba ba lebelletse" tebello ea hore ba bapala "mesebetsi" e ngotsoeng ke litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.

Matšoenyeho a mocha a emela e 'ngoe ea lipapatso tsa litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso. Ke hobane'ng ha e lokela ho etsa hore ho be thata hore a bulehe ke ngoanana, 'me ho se bonolo? Ka lekhetlo le leng, litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li sebelisitsoe ke bacha ho hlahloba, ho lokisa le ho imolla likhatello tsa thobalano, ka ho lebella likamano tsa sebele tsa thobalano. Kajeno, ho na le ho hong ka mefuta e mecha ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse etsang hore litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li se ke tsa lokisetsa motho likamano tsa botona le botšehali, empa ho e-na le ho li tlosa. Bahlankana ba bangata ba bile ba re ba khetha ho kopanela liphate le likamano le batho, ka mathata a bona kaofela. Mohlomong tsena ke litakatso tsa bashemane, ba tlase tlas'a maemo a phahameng a bolaoli, ba sitoang ho "fumana" ngoanana. Empa ba bang, joaloka mocha ea nang le bokhoni ba filimi, fumana hore le hoja ba ka "fumana" ngoanana, ha ba etsa joalo, thobalano ea bona "ha e sebetse hantle".

Re har'a phetoho ea litakatso tsa thobalano le tsa lerato ho fapana le tse ling tsa histori, teko ea sechaba e etsoang ho bana le bacha, e hapuoeng ponong e matla, e boima ka ho fetisisa litokomane tsa Brithani InRealLife, mabapi le liphello tsa inthanete ho bacha, tataiso ea Baroness Beeban Kidron.

Papaling ena, moshanyana ea lilemo li 15 ea ho bua ka mokhoa o tsotehang o hlahisa mokhoa o tsoelang pele bophelong ba limilione tsa bashanyana, bao litakatso tsa bona tsa thobalano li bōpiloeng haholo ka 24 / 7 ho fihlella liphate tsa inthanete. O hlalosa kamoo litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li bōpileng 'bophelo ba hae ba sebele' ka thobalano:

"U ka leka ngoananyana 'me u fumane setšoantšo se phethahetseng sa seo u se shebileng ho internet ... u ka batla hore a tšoane hantle le seo u se boneng Inthaneteng ... Ke leboha haholo mang kapa mang ea entseng liwebsaete tsena , le hore ba lokolohile, empa ka kutloisiso e meng e senya boikutlo bohle ba lerato. Ho nkutloisa bohloko hobane ke fumana hona joale ho thata haholo hore ke fumane ho amana le ngoananyana. "

Ntho e bohloko haholo ka boemo, ke kamoo a neng a le monyenyane kateng a fumaneng hore litakatso tsa hae tsa thobalano le litakatso tsa lerato li fapane.

Matšoenyeho a mocha a emela e 'ngoe ea lipapatso tsa litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso. Ke hobane'ng ha e lokela ho etsa hore ho be thata hore a bulehe ke ngoanana, 'me ho se bonolo? Ka lekhetlo le leng, litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li sebelisitsoe ke bacha ho hlahloba, ho lokisa le ho imolla likhatello tsa thobalano, ka ho lebella likamano tsa sebele tsa thobalano. Kajeno, ho na le ho hong ka mefuta e mecha ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse etsang hore litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li se ke tsa lokisetsa motho likamano tsa botona le botšehali, empa ho e-na le ho li tlosa. Bahlankana ba bangata ba bile ba re ba khetha ho kopanela liphate le likamano le batho, ka mathata a bona kaofela. Mohlomong tsena ke litakatso tsa bashemane, ba tlase tlas'a maemo a phahameng a bolaoli, ba sitoang ho "fumana" ngoanana. Empa ba bang, joaloka mocha ea nang le bokhoni ba filimi, fumana hore le hoja ba ka "fumana" ngoanana, ha ba etsa joalo, thobalano ea bona "ha e sebetse hantle".

Tletlebo ea mohlankana eo e ne e tsebahala, ho sa tsotellehe ho sotha. Bohareng ba 1990s I, le ba bang ba mafu a kelello, re ile ra qala ho hlokomela mohlala o latelang. Mohlala o tloaelehileng e ne e ka ba monna e moholo, ka kamano e thabileng, ea hlalositseng ho batla ho tseba litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ho Internet. Boholo ba libaka tseo a li fumaneng li le boima, empa ka potlako o ile a hlokomela tse ngata tse ileng tsa mo khahla hoo a ileng a qala ho li lakatsa. Ha a ntse a sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​o ne a batla ho feta. Bothata e ne e se feela nako e sebelisitsoeng ho internet. O ne a se a fumane tatso ea mofuta oa litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso tseo qetellong li ileng tsa ama kamano ea hae le likamano tsa hae tsa thobalano.

SLIDE 33

Ha moshemane a khutlela boikutlong bo tloaelehileng, boko ba hae bo sheba meputso eo e iphumaneng e le ho eona ho kenyelletsa ts'ebelisano 'moho le balekane ba' nete. Mona ke mohlala o mong hape oa seo re se utloang letsatsi le leng le le leng:

TŠEBELETSO EA SEHLOOHO:

Khopolo ea mantlha ea 33 ke hore litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa marang-rang li ama likamano tse haufi. Joaloka li-slide tse seng kae tse fetileng Boiteko bo Boholo ba Litšoantšo ho itšetlehile ka litlaleho tse likete tsa boipiletso ba banna ba neng ba tlohetse litšoantšo tsa bootsoa 'me ba e-ba le khahlolo e ncha ho balekane ba sebele, ba tsosoa haholo le balekane ba bona, le ho kopanela liphate ho molemo haholo. Litlaleho tse ngata joalo li ka fumanoa maqepheng ana (hape sheba likarolo tsa litlhaloso tlasa lihlooho):

• Bashanyana ba Ileng ba Fana ka Bootsoa: Ho Kopanela Liphate le Lerato
• Ke Hobane'ng ha ke Fumana Porn e Thabisang ho Feta Motsoalle?
• Ke na le li-asexual?
• Ke Hobane'ng ha Romeo e Hlokomoloha Juliet?
• Ho Kopana le Motho ea Boima oa Litšoantšo Tsa Bohlokoa?
• Ho tsosolosa leqephe la litlaleho tsa likhaolo 1
• Ho tsosolosa leqephe la litlaleho tsa likhaolo 2
• Litaba tsa ho khutlisa ED 1
• Litaba tsa ho khutlisa ED 2
• Litaba tsa ho khutlisa ED 3
• Litaba tsa ho khutlisa ED 4
• Litaba tsa ho khutlisa ED 5
• Litaba tsa ho khutlisa ED 6
• Litaba tsa ho khutlisa ED 7
• Litaba tsa ho khutlisa ED 8
• Tlhahlobo e 'Ngoe ea Litlhapi
• Litlokotsi-Tse bakang ho se sebetse ka thobalano ke bothata bo ntseng bo hōla 

Ntle le litlaleho tsa boipheliso le bopaki ba bongaka, liphuputso tse ngata tsa 2012 li ne li hatisitsoe ho amahanya litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le ho khotsofatsa likamano tsa botona le botšehali le likamano tsa kamano:

1) Phello ea ho fokotseha ha banna ho bahlankana ba bacha ba nang le maikutlo a phahameng a ho kopanela liphate (1984) - Excerpt:

Baithuti ba pele ba baithuti ba ile ba pepesetsoa (a) lipono tsa tlhaho kapa (b) tse ntle khahlanong le (c) basali ba sa rateheng maemong a hohelang thobalano. Kamora moo, ba ile ba lekola boipiletso ba bona ba banana ba banana ba thobalano mme ba lekola khotsofalo ea bona le balekane ba bona. Mehatong ea litšoantšo tsa boipiletso ba 'mele bo bataletseng ka sefuba sa' mele le phatla, ho pepeseha ho basali ba batle ho ne ho hatella boipiletso ba balekane, ha ho pepesa basali ba sa rateheng ho ne ho batla ho e ntlafatsa. Kamora ho pepesetsoa basali ba batle, boleng ba botle ba balekane bo theohile haholo tlasa litlhahlobo tse entsoeng kamora ho pepesetsoa basali ba sa rateheng; Boleng bona bo nka boemo ba lipakeng kamora ho pepeseha ha taolo. Liphetoho tsa boipiletso ba botle ba balekane ha li lumellane le liphetoho tsa khotsofalo le balekane, leha ho le joalo.

2) Liphello tsa ho sebelisa nako e telele litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ka litekanyetso tsa lelapa (1988) - Excerpt:

Liithuti tsa banna le basali le batho ba sa lumeleng li ile tsa pepeseha lipapali tsa video tse nang le litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephileng tse sa tloaelehang kapa litšoantšo tse se nang molato. Pontšo e ne e le mananeo a hora ka libeke tse tšeletseng tse latellanang. Ka bekeng ea bosupa, lihlopha li ile tsa kenya letsoho thutong e sa amaneng le lits'ebeletso tsa batho le litlhokofatso tsa botho. Lenyalo, likamano tse kopanetsoeng, le litaba tse amanang le tsona li ile tsa ahloloa ka lipotso tsa bohlokoa-ngata tsa lenyalo. Liphuputso li bontšitse tšusumetso e tsitsitseng ea tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Tlhaloso e susumelitsoe, har'a tse ling, ho amoheloa ka bongata ka ho kopanela liphate pele ho lenyalo le ho tlohela ho kopanela liphate le ho mamelleha haholoanyane ka ho kopanela liphate ho balekane ba haufi. E matlafalitse tumelo ea hore boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba banna le ba basali ke ba tlhaho le hore khatello ea litakatso tsa botona le botšehali e baka kotsi ea bophelo bo botle. Boemo bo theola tlhahlobo ea lenyalo, ho etsa hore setsi sena se bonahala se le sa bohlokoa haholo 'me se sa sebetse nakong e tlang. Tlhahiso e boetse e fokotsa takatso ea ho ba le bana le ho khothalletsa ho amoheloa ha banna le ho ba makhoba a basali. Ka mekhoa e fokolang, liphello tsena li ne li lekana le litsebi tsa banna le basali hammoho le liithuti le batho ba sa lumeleng.

3) Tšusumetso ea Litšoantšo Tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Litabeng Tsa ho Khotsofatsa Thobalano (1988) - Excerpt:

Liithuti tsa banna le basali le batho bao e seng baithuti ba ile ba pepesetsoa litheipi tsa video tse nang le litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tse se nang pefo kapa litaba tse seng kotsi. Pontšo e ne e le ka linako tsa hora ka libeke tse tšeletseng tse latellanang. Bekeng ea bosupa, lithuto li nkile karolo thutong e sa amaneng le letho ka litsi tsa sechaba le khotsofalo ea motho ka mong. [Tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa] e amme ka matla boitlhahlobo ba boiphihlelo ba thobalano. Kamora ho sebelisa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, bafo ba ile ba tlaleha khotsofalo e tlase le balekane ba bona ba haufi-ufi, haholo-holo ka lerato la balekane ba bona, chebahalo ea bona ea 'mele, bohelehele ba bona ba thobalano le ts'ebetso ea thobalano e nepahetseng. Ntle le moo, lithuto tse abetsoeng bohlokoa ba thobalano ntle le ho ameha maikutlong. Litlamorao tsena e ne e le junifomo ho fapana le bong le baahi.

4) Tšusumetso ea litloaelo tse tloaelehileng tsa litloaelo tsa batho bao e seng basele le balekane ba bona (1989) - Excerpt:

Boiteko 2, lihlooho tsa banna le tsa basali li ile tsa pepeseha ho fapana le ho kopanela liphate. Thutong ea bobeli, ho ne ho e-na le likamano tsa thobalano ea thobalano le boemo bo tsosang takatso ea ho khahloa ke thobalano. Litholoana tse senyang tsa ho pepeseha ha mahareng li fumanoa feela bakeng sa bafo ba banna ba pepesetsoeng li-nude tsa basali. Batona ba fumaneng nagamekhahlelo e mengata e monate e ikhetholla e le e tlaase ka lerato le basali ba bona.

5)  Bophelo ba batho le boiketlo ba banna: Tšusumetso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho basali (1999) - Excerpt:

Karolo ea lipuisano moo basali ba neng ba buisana ka litšebelisano tsa bona tsa nakong e fetileng kapa tsa nakong e fetileng le banna ba ile ba senola ho eketsehileng ka phello ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa likamano tse joalo. Basali ba leshome le metso e mehlano ba ne ba le teng, kapa ba ne ba le teng, ba sebelisana le banna ba hirileng kapa ba rekang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa bonyane ka linako tse ling. Har'a basali bana ba 15, ba bane ba ile ba bontša hore ha ba rate hakaalo nako ea boikhathollo ba monna kapa molekane oa bona ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ho hlakile hore tšebeliso ea banna ea litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso e ile ea ama basali ba ikutloang ka bona, maikutlo a bona a thobalano, le likamano tsa bona tsa lenyalo ka kakaretso

6) Litšebeletso tsa Batho ba baholo le Tšebeliso ea Inthanete ea Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa (2004) - Excerpt:

Lintlha tse feletseng ho basebelisi ba Inthanete ba 531 li nkoa ho Lipatlisiso ka Kakaretso tsa Sechaba bakeng sa 2000. Likamano tsa setsoalle li kenyelletsa likamano tsa bolumeli, tsa lenyalo le tsa lipolotiki. Mehato ea ho kenya letsoho litabeng tsa boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate le lithethefatsi, le taolo ea batho ba kenyelelitsoe. Liphello tsa tlhahlobo ea khatello ea lits'ebeletso li fumane hore har'a tse ling tse matla ka ho fetisisa tsa tšebeliso ea cyberporn e ne e le likamano tse fokolang bolumeling le ho hloka thabo lenyalong.

7) Ho kopanela liphate Amerika Online: Ho Hlahloba ho Kopanela Liphate, Boemo ba Lenyalo, le Boitsebiso ba Botona le Botšehali ka ho Batla ho Kopanela Liphate Inthaneteng le Liphetoho Tsa Tsona (2008) - Excerpt:

Ena e ne e le boithuto ba lipatlisiso tsa thobalano le likamano tse batlang marang-rang, ho ipapisitse le phuputso ea ba arabelitsoeng 15,246 United States Liperesente tse mashome a supileng a metso e mehlano tsa banna le basali ba 41% ba ne ba shebile kapa ba jarolla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka boomo. Banna le basodoma / li-lesbiene ba ne ba le monyetla oa ho fihlella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa kapa ho etsa boits'oaro bo bong bo batlang thobalano inthaneteng ha ba bapisoa le mathata kapa basali. Kamano e lumellanang e senotsoe lipakeng tsa banna le basali ka lebaka la ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​mme basali ba tlaleha litlamorao tse mpe, ho kenyelletsa le ho theola setšoantšo sa 'mele, molekane ea nyatsang' mele ea bona, khatello e matla ea ho etsa liketso tse bonoang lifiliming tsa bootsoa, ​​le thobalano e tlase, Banna ba tlaleha hore ba nyatsa 'mele oa balekane ba bona haholo ebile ba sa rate thobalano ea' nete.

8) Tlhaloso ea Bacha ea ho Boitsebiso bo Inthaneteng ka Thobalano le Khotsofalo ea Thobalano: Thuto ea Longitudinal (2009) - Excerpt:

Pakeng tsa May 2006 le May 2007, re ile ra etsa lipatlisiso tsa marang-rang a mararo har'a bacha ba 1,052 Dutch ba nang le 13-20. Mehlala ea mokhoa oa ho etsa lipalo e senola hore ho pepeseha ha SEE ho lula ho fokotsa khotsofalo ea thobalano ea bacha. Khotsofalo e tlaase ea thobalano (ka Wave 2) e boetse e eketsa tšebeliso ea SEO (ka Wave 3). Phello ea ho pepesa ho SEBELE ka khotsofalo ea thobalano e ne e sa fapane har'a bacha ba batona le ba batšehali.

9) Tlhaloso ea Basali ea Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Tsa Banna Sebelisa le ho Khotsofatsa ho thetsa e le Sekopeho se Kotsing ho Motho e Moholo oa Kamano ea Banyalani (2009) - Excerpt:

Bopaki bo ntse bo hola ba hore ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro e ka ba le phello e mpe ho ts'epahallong ea kamano ho batho ba baholo. E sekaseka litlamorao tse tharo tse amanang le liphaposi ho tsoa ts'ebelisong ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa banna le thetso: (1) nts'etsopele ea mohala oa liphoso kamanong, e bakoang ke ho se tšepahale hoa kamano; (2) e lateloa ke lekhalo le atolohang le hoketsoeng le hlahang ho basali ba hole le ho khaohana le banna ba bona; (3) e qetellang ka ho arohana le kamano le maikutlo a ho se sireletsehe maikutlong le kelellong kamanong. Ka kakaretso, basali ba tlaleha ho se tšepane ha lefatše ho bontšang ho senyeha ha liphallelo.

10) Tšebeliso ea mecha ea thobalano le khotsofalo ea kamano ka banyalani ba bang ba nyalanang le balekane (2010) - Excerpt:

Liphetho li senotse hore makhetlo a phahameng a ts'ebeliso ea media ea banna ea thobalano a amana le khotsofalo e mpe ho banna, ha maqhubu a phahameng a ts'ebeliso ea mecha ea litaba ea thobalano ea basali a amana le khotsofalo e ntle ho balekane ba banna. Mabaka a ts'ebeliso ea litaba tsa thobalano a fapane le bong: Banna ba tlalehiloe haholo-holo ba sebelisa litaba tsa thobalano bakeng sa ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali, ha basali ba tlaleha haholo-holo ba sebelisa media oa thobalano e le karolo ea ho etsa lerato le balekane ba bona.

11) Ho hlahloba likamano le likamano tsa likamano tsa khotsofalo ea thobalano ho banyalani (2010) - Excerpt:

Re sebelisa mokhoa oa ho fetolelana ha batho ba kopanetsoeng oa ho khotsofatsa thobalano, re nahana kamoo ho se tšepahale, tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​khotsofalo ea lenyalo, khafetsa ea thobalano, ho kopanela liphate pele ho lenyalo le ho kopanela liphate ho amahanngoa le ho khotsofatsa ka thobalano. Lintlha tse tsoang ho banyalani ba 433 li hlahlojoa ka mehlala ea li-equation ho fumana meputso. Qetellong, bopaki bo bong bo bontša hore ho sebelisa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho theko e tlaase bakeng sa khotsofalo ea thobalano le ea molekane, haholo-holo ha litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li sebelisoa ke molekane a le mong feela.

12) Batho bao ho seng mohla ba kileng ba nka SEM ba tlaleha boleng ba kamano e phahameng holim'a lihlahisoa tsohle ho feta ba bonang SEM feela (2011) - Excerpt:

Joalokaha ho lebeletsoe, batho ba sa kang ba talima SEM (lisebelisoa tse hlalosang liphate) hohle ho tlalehoa ho fokotsa ho buisana hampe le ho inehela ka ho fetisisa ho feta batho ba bonang SEM kapa ba le bang le balekane ba bona.

13) Tšebeliso ea mecha ea thobalano le khotsofalo ea kamano ka banyalani ba bang ba nyalanang le balekane (2011) - Excerpt:

Phuputso ena e hlahlobile hore na mecha ea phatlalatso ea thobalano e sebelisoa ke setho se le seng kapa ka bobeli ba dyad ea lerato e amana joang le kamano le khotsofalo ea thobalano. Banyalani ba 217 ba bong bo fapaneng ba phethile patlisiso ea inthanete e lekotseng ts'ebeliso ea media ea thobalano, kamano le khotsofalo ea thobalano, le mefuta e fapaneng ea palo ea batho. Liphetho li senotse hore makhetlo a phahameng a ts'ebeliso ea media ea banna ea thobalano a amana le khotsofalo e mpe ho banna, ha maqhubu a phahameng a ts'ebeliso ea mecha ea litaba ea thobalano ea basali a amana le khotsofalo e ntle ho balekane ba banna. Mabaka a ts'ebeliso ea litaba tsa thobalano a fapane le bong

14) Litloaelano pakeng tsa bacha ba sebelisang thepa e hlalosang thobalano le litakatso tsa bona tsa thobalano, boitšoaro le khotsofalo (2011) - Litlhaloso tse hlahang:

Maqhubu a phahameng a ts'ebeliso ea lisebelisoa tse hlakileng tsa thobalano (SEM) a ne a amahanngoa le khotsofalo e nyane ea thobalano le kamano. Kakaretso ea tšebeliso ea SEM le palo ea mefuta ea SEM e shebiloeng ka bobeli e ne e amahanngoa le litakatso tse phahameng tsa thobalano bakeng sa mefuta ea liketso tsa thobalano tse atisang ho hlahisoa ho SEM. Liphuputso tsena li fana ka maikutlo a hore ts'ebeliso ea SEM e ka bapala karolo ea bohlokoa maemong a fapaneng a lits'ebetso tsa kholo ea kholo ea thobalano.

Ka ho khetheha, makhetlo a phahameng a ho shebella a ne a amahanngoa le ho khotsofatsoa ha maikutlo a thobalano le kamano ha ho laoloa ka tekano, bolumeli, boemo ba ho intša le palo ea mefuta ea SEM e nkiloeng.

Hobane karolo e kholo ea bacha ba bacha thuputsong ena e tlalehile ho sebelisa SEM, moelelo o ka 'nang oa e-ba oa bohlokoa haholo, haholo-holo ho bahlankana.

15) Ho Sheba Lisebelisoa Tse Hlalosang ka ho Kopanela Liphate U le Mong kapa U le Mong: Metsoalle le Kamano ea Boiketlo (2011) - Excerpt:

Phuputso ena e ile ea batlisisa mekhatlo lipakeng tsa ho shebella lintho tse hlalosang thobalano (SEM) le kamano e sebetsang ka sampole e sa reroang ea batho ba 1291 ba sa nyalanang ba ratanang. Banna ba bangata (76.8%) ho feta basali (31.6%) ba tlalehile hore ba shebile SEM ba le bang, empa hoo e ka bang halofo ea banna le basali ba tlaleha ka linako tse ling ba shebile SEM le balekane ba bona (44.8%). Batho bao ho seng mohla ba kileng ba sheba SEM ba tlaleha boleng bo phahameng ba likamano li-indices tsohle ho feta ba neng ba shebile SEM ba le bang. Ba shebileng SEM feela le balekane ba bona ba tlalehile boinehelo le khotsofalo e phahameng ea thobalano ho feta ba bonang SEM ba le bang. Phapang e le 'ngoe lipakeng tsa ba sa kang ba sheba SEM le ba e shebang feela le balekane ba bona ke hore ba sa e boneng ba na le litefiso tse tlase tsa ho se tšepahale.

TŠEBELETSO E NTSENG:

Ho tloha ka 2017, bonyane lithuto tse mashome a mahlano a metso e mehlano li hokahantse tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le khotsofalo e futsanehileng ea thobalano le kamano. Le ha liphuputso tse 'maloa li hokahantse tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse ts'oanang tsa botona le botšehali ho khotsofalo e kholo ea thobalano, ba bangata ha ba na eona (bona lenane lena - Lithuto tsa bootsoa tse amanang le litaba tsa basali: Litholoana tse mpe ka ho tsosoa, ho khotsofatsa thobalano le likamano). Ha ke ntse ke tseba hore lithuto tsohle tse amanang le banna li tlalehile tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse amanang le ea futsanehile ho khotsofala ka thobalano kapa kamano.

Lethathamong le ka tlaase, thuto #1 ke meta-analysis, thuto #2 e ne e e-na le basebelisi ba bootsoa ba leka ho tlohela ho sebelisa lifoto tsa libeke tsa 3, 'me ba ithuta 3 ka 7 ke nako e telele:

1) Litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso le khotsofalo: Meta-Analysis (2017) - Tlhatlhobo ena ea litlhahlobo tsa lithuto tse ling tse fapaneng tse lekolang khotsofalo ea thobalano le kamano e tlalehile hore ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e ne e lula e amana le ho fokotsa khotsofalo ea thobalano le kamano (khotsofalo ea motho ka mong). Le ha lithuto tse ling li tlaleha litlamorao tse mpe tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa thobalano litabeng tsa thobalano le khotsofalo ea kamano ho basali, ho bohlokoa ho tseba hore liperesente tse nyane tsa basali ba kopaneng (ho pholletsa le baahi) ba sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng khafetsa. Lintlha tse fapaneng tse tsoang lipatlisisong tse kholo tsa US (General Social Survey) li bontša hore ke basali ba 2.6% feela ba neng ba etetse "sebaka sa marang-rang sa bootsoa" khoeling e fetileng (2002-2004). Tlhaloso:

Leha ho le joalo, ho sebelisa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho ne ho amahanngoa le liphello tse tlaase tsa khotsofalo tsa batho ka ho khetheha ha lipatlisiso, lipatlisiso tsa nako e telele, le liteko. Mekhatlo pakeng tsa ho sebelisa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro le ho fokotsa liphello tsa khotsofalo ea batho ba bang ha lia ka tsa hlophisoa ke selemo sa bona sa ho lokolloa kapa boemo ba bona ba ho phatlalatsa Empa litlhahlobo ka thobalano li qosa liphello tse kholo ho banna feela.

2) Lerato le sa Feleng: Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro le boitlamo bo nyahamisitsoeng ho molekane oa motho oa lerato (2012) - Thuto e ne e e-na le lihlooho tse lekang ho qoba ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa lifoto tsa libeke tsa 3. Ha ba bapisa lihlopha tsena tse peli, ba ileng ba tsoelapele ho sebelisa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ba ile ba tlaleha boitlamo bo fokolang ho feta ba ileng ba leka ho ikhula. Litlhaloso tse latelang:

Thuto 1 e fumane hore ho sebelisa litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ho ne ho amana le boitlamo bo tlaase

Ho ithuta barupeluoa ba 3 ba ne ba abetsoe ka nako e le 'ngoe hore ba qobe ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa kapa mosebetsi oa ho itšoara. Ba ileng ba tsoela pele ho sebelisa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ba ile ba tlaleha boitlamo bo tlaase ho feta ho laola barupeluoa

Thuto 5 e fumane hore litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso li ne li amana le botšepehi 'me mokhatlo ona o ne o sebelisana le boitlamo. Ka kakaretso, mokhoa o tsitsitseng oa liphetho o fumanoe ho sebelisoa mekhoa e sa tšoaneng e kenyelletsoang (cross-sectional (Thuto 1), ho shebella (Thuto 2), teko (Thuto 3), le boitsebiso ba boitšoaro (Studies 4 le 5).

3) Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Inthanete le boleng ba kamano: Ho ithuta ka nako e telele ka hare le pakeng tsa liphello tsa molekane oa liphetoho, khotsofalo ea thobalano le lisebelisoa tsa inthanete tse hlalosang thobalano pakeng tsa li-newly-weds (2015) - Excerpt:

Boitsebiso bo tsoang sehlopheng se sengata sa banyalani ba bacha bo bontšitse hore HO SEBELISA ho sebelisoa ho na le mathata a mangata ho feta liphello tse ntle ho banna le basali. Habohlokoa, phetoho ea banna e ile ea fokotseha ha nako e ntse e sebelisoa 'me tšebeliso ea SEIM e fokotseha phetoho. Ho feta moo, khotsofalo e mengata ea thobalano ho banna ba bolelang hore basali ba bona ba fokotseha nako e le 'ngoe hamorao, ha' mele oa basali ba sebelisoa ha ba fetole khotsofalo ea banna ba bona ka thobalano.

4) Na ho Shebella Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa ho Fokotsa Boikarabelo ba Lenyalo ka Nako? Bopaki bo tsoang Longitudinal Data (2016) - Thuto ea pele ea bolelele bo bolelele ba moemeli oa banyalani. E fumane litlamorao tse mpe tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho boleng ba lenyalo ka nako. Tlhaloso:

Phuputso ena ke ea pele ea ho fumana boitsebiso bo emelang naha, bolelele ba nako e telele (2006-2012 Portraits of American Life Study) ho leka hore na litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro khafetsa li sebelisa tšusumetso ea boleng ba lenyalo hamorao le hore na phello ee e lekantsoe ke bong. Ka kakaretso, batho ba nyalaneng ba neng ba shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro khafetsa ho 2006 ba tlaleha maemo a tlase haholo a boleng ba lenyalo ho 2012, nete ea taolo bakeng sa boleng ba lenyalo ba pele le likamano tse nepahetseng. Phello ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro e ne e se moemeli feela oa ho se khotsofale ka bophelo ba thobalano kapa ho etsa liqeto lenyalong ka 2006. Mabapi le tšusumetso e matla, khafetsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li sebelisoa ho 2006 e ne e le moemeli oa bobeli ea matla ka ho fetesisa oa lenyalo ho 2012

5) Ho Tloha Litlhapi ho Etsa Karolo ea Rōna? Litla-morao tsa ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Sebelisa Tlhalo (2017) - Phuputso ena ea bolelele ba nako e sebelisitse tlhaiso-leseling e akaretsang ea sechaba ea General Social Survey e bokelletsoeng ho batho ba baholo ba Amerika ba likete Ba arabelitsoeng ba ile ba botsoa lipotso makhetlo a mararo mabapi le ts'ebeliso ea bona ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le boemo ba lenyalo - lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse peli ho tloha 2006-2010, 2008-2012, kapa 2010-2014. Litemana tse qotsitsoeng:

Ho qala litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro pakeng tsa maqhubu a lipatlisiso ho batla ho imenne menyetla ea hore motho a ka hlalana nakong e tlang ea lipatlisiso, ho tloha liperesente tse 6 ho isa ho liperesente tsa 11, mme a batla a imena hararo ho basali, ho tloha liperesente tsa 6 ho isa ho 16 lekholong. Liphetho tsa rona li fana ka maikutlo a hore ho sheba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, tlasa maemo a itseng a sechaba, ho ka ba le litlamorao tse mpe botsitsong ba lenyalo. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ho khaotsa ho sebelisa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro lipakeng tsa maqhubu a lipatlisiso ho ne ho amahanngoa le monyetla o tlase oa tlhalo, empa ke oa basali feela.

Ntle le moo, bafuputsi ba fumane hore qalong balekane ba tlalehileng boemo ba thabo ea lenyalo bo phethile karolo ea bohlokoa ho lekoleng boholo ba kamano ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le monyetla oa tlhalo. Har'a batho ba tlalehileng hore ba "thabile haholo" lenyalong la bona leqhubu la pele la lipatlisiso, ho qala ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro pele phuputso e latelang e amahanngoa le keketseho e hlokomelehang - ho tloha liperesente tse 3 ho isa ho liperesente tse 12 - ka monyetla oa ho hlala ka nako ea phuputso eo e latelang.

Liphuputso tse ling hape li bontšitse hore setsoalle pakeng tsa ho qala litšoantšo tsa bootsoa se sebelisa le monyetla oa tlhalo e ne e le matla ka ho khetheha har'a bana ba Amerika ba banyenyane, ba neng ba le malumeli a seng makae, le ba ileng ba tlaleha thabo ea lenyalo ea pele e khōloanyane.

6) Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro Sebelisa le ho arohana ha lenyalo: Bopaki bo tsoang ho Two-Wave Panel Data (2017) - Thuto ea khale. Litlhaloso tse latelang:

Ha u etsa boitsebiso bo tsoang maqhubu a 2006 le a 2012 a Lipapitšetso tsa sechaba tsa American Life Study, sehlooho sena se ile sa hlahloba hore na batho ba lenyalong ba Maamerika ba neng ba shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho 2006, kapa ho hang kapa maemong a mangata, ba ne ba ka ba le karohano ea lenyalo ka 2012. Lipatlisiso tsa bongoli ba mekhoa e metle li bontšitse hore Maamerika a nyetseng a neng a shebella litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ho 2006 a ne a feta ka makhetlo a fetang a mabeli ho feta a ba neng ba sa shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa hore ba arohane ke 2012, esita le ka mor'a ho laola thabo ea lenyalo ea 2006 le khotsofalo ea thobalano le sechaba se nepahetseng li-correlates. Kamano pakeng tsa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro e sebelisa khafetsa le karohano ea lenyalo, leha ho le joalo, e ne e le ka tsela e nepahetseng. Monyetla oa ho arohana ha banyalani ka 2012 o eketsehile ka litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa 2006 ho fihlela boemong bo itseng ebe o hana mefuteng e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.

7) Na Batho ba Bang ba Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa ba ka 'na ba E-ba le Phihlelo e Eketsehileng ea ho Hlōloa? Bopaki bo tsoang Longitudinal Data (2017) - Thuto ea khale. Litlhaloso tse latelang:

Phuputso ena e ile ea hlahloba hore na Maamerika a sebelisang litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso, hangata kapa ho feta hangata, ba atisa ho tlaleha hore ba arohane ka nako e telele. Boitsebiso ba nako e telele bo nkiloe ho maqhubu a 2006 le a 2012 a Litšoantšo tsa sechaba tsa American Life Study. Lipatlisiso tsa boitsebiso bo bongata bo bontšang hore batho ba Amerika ba shebile litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ho 2006 ba ne ba batla ba ka makhetlo a ka bang mabeli ho feta ba sa kang ba shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba tlaleha hore ba arohane ka maikutlo a lerato le 2012, esita le ka mor'a ho laola lintho tse amanang le likamano tsa 2006 le likamano tse ling tsa sechaba. Mokhatlo ona o ne o le matla haholo ho banna ho feta basali le bakeng sa Maamerika a sa nyalanang ho feta Maamerika a lenyalong. Liphuputso li boetse li bonts'a kamano e tobileng pakeng tsa hore hangata Maamerica a shebile litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro joang 2006 le mathata a bona a ho arohana ke 2012.

8) Litlaleho tsa Basali ba Batho ba baholo ba Litšoantšo Tsa Bona Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa li sebelisa e le Correlate ea Boithati, Boiketlo ba Bona, le Khotsofalo ea Thobalano (2012) - Excerpt:

Sepheo sa thuto ena e ne e le ho hlahloba likamano tse teng pakeng tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li sebelisa, ka makhetlo a mabeli le tšebeliso e mpe, ka boiketlo ba balekane ba bona ba liphate le balekane ba basali ba 308. Liphello li senotse hore litlaleho tsa basali tsa palo ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa banna ba bona li sebelisoa hampe le kamano ea bona ea kamano. Maikutlo a mangata a ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka bothata a ne a amana hampe le boitlhompho, boleng ba kamano le khotsofalo ea thobalano.

9) Litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li sebelisoa: ke mang ea li sebelisang le kamoo li amanang le liphello tsa banyalani (2013) - Excerpt:

Phuputso ena e hlahlobile mekhatlo e sebelisang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​moelelo oo batho ba o sebelisang, tšebeliso ea thobalano le khotsofalo ea kamano. Barupeluoa e ne e le banyalani (N = 617 banyalani) ba neng ba nyalane kapa ba lula hammoho ka nako eo data e neng e bokelloa. Liphetho tse akaretsang tsa boithuto bona li bonts'itse phapang e kholo ea bong ho latela maemo a ts'ebeliso, hammoho le kamano ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le likamano. Haholo-holo, litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa banna li ne li amahanngoa hampe le boleng ba thobalano ba banna le ba basali, athe ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa basali e ne e amahanngoa le boleng ba thobalano ba basali.

10) Maikutlo a Litšoantšo Tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Inthaneteng le Boikutlo ba Basali mabapi le ho Kopanela Liphate ho Extramarital: Thuto e Hlahlobang (2013) - Excerpt:

Phuputso ena e ile ea lekola botsoalle lipakeng tsa ho pepesetsoa ha basali ba baholo ba Amerika litšoantšong tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa inthanete le maikutlo a bona mabapi le thobalano e etsoang ntle ho thobalano ba sebelisa lintlha tse fanoeng ke General Social Survey (GSS). Kamano e ntle lipakeng tsa ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro Inthaneteng le maikutlo a matle a ho kopanela liphate pele ho thobalano e fumanoe.

11) Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa le Lenyalo (2014) - Taba e sa hlakang:

Re sebelisitse boitsebiso ho batho ba baholo ba 20,000 ba kileng ba nyaloa General Social Survey ho hlahloba kamano pakeng tsa li shebella lifilimi tsa bootsoa le mehato e sa tšoaneng ea boiketlo ba lenyalo. Re fumane hore batho ba baholo ba neng ba shebelletse filimi ea X-selemo selemong se fetileng ba ne ba ka hlalana haholo, ba ka 'na ba e-ba le taba ea ho nyalana,' me ba se ke ba tlaleha hore ba thabile lenyalong la bona kapa ba thabile ka kakaretso. Hape re fumane hore, ho banna, litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li fokotsa kamano e ntle pakeng tsa palo ea thobalano le thabo. Qetellong, re fumane hore kamano e mpe pakeng tsa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro e sebelisoa le boiketlo ba lenyalo, ha ho na le ntho e matlafetseng ka nako e telele, nakong eo litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li hlalosang ka ho hlaka le ho fumaneha habonolo.

12) Ntle ho seaparo? Ho sebelisa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro le maikutlo a ho kopanela liphate pele ho lenyalo har'a batho ba baholo ba Amerika (2014) - Litlhaloso tse hlahang:

Tlaleho ena e khutšoanyane e sebelisitse dintlha tsa naha tse bokelitsoeng ho tloha ho batho ba baholo ba nyetseng ba Amerika ba tsoang mehlala e ' Lintlha li ile tsa bokelloa ho tloha sampong ea pele ea 2006 le 2008. Lintlha li ile tsa bokelloa ho latela mohlala oa bobeli oa 2008 le 2010. Tumellanong le pono ea sechaba ea boipheliso litabeng tsa mecha ea phatlalatso, mokhoa o fetileng oa ho sheba litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso o ne o amana le maikutlo a mangata a latelang a ho kopanela liphate ka ntle ho thobalano, esita le ka mor'a ho laola maikutlo a ho kopanela liphate pele ho thobalano le likhohlano tse ling tse robong.

Ka kakaretso, liphello tsa phuputso ea hona joale li lumellana le moelelo oa taba ea hore litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li lebisa ho fumanoeng le ho kenyelletsa litlhaku tsa thobalano, tse sebelisoang ke bareki ba bangata ho tsebisa boikutlo ba bona ba thobalano (Wright, 2013a; Wright et al., 2012a).

13) Litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa banna ba Korea ba sebelisa, Thahasello ea Bona Litšoantšong Tse Bobebe Tsa Bootsoa le Likamano Tsa Botona le Botšehali ba Dyadic (2014) - Excerpt:

Tse makholo a mashome a robeli a metso e mehlano a metso e mehlano balekane ba South Korean banna ba koleji ba ne ba kentse letsoho ho etsa lipatlisiso. Boholo ba batho (84.5%) ba ba arabelitsoeng ba ne ba shebile litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​le ba ba neng ba kopanela liphate (470 ba arabelang), re fumane hore thahasello e phahameng litšoantšong tse litšila tse tsosang takatso e feteletseng e amahanngoa le phihlelo ea litšoantšiso tsa thobalano ho litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le molekane , le khetho ea ho sebelisa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho finyella le ho boloka thabo ea thobalano ka ho kopanela liphate le molekane.

Re fumane hore thahasello e phahameng ea ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tse nyonyehang kapa tse fetelletseng… e na le tšusumetso e ntle… e amanang le litaba tsa thobalano.

14) Litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso le thobalano ea banna ka thobalano: Tlhahlobo ea Tšebelisano le Likamano tsa Botona le Botšehali (2014) - Excerpt:

Re pheha khang ka litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li hlahisa sengoloa sa thobalano se tataisang boiphihlelo ba thobalano. Ho leka sena, re ile ra etsa lipatlisiso ho banna ba koleche ba 487 (ba lilemo li 18-29 lilemo) ho la United States ho bapisa sekhahla sa bona sa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tseo ba li sebelisang le likhetho tsa bona tsa thobalano le matšoenyeho. Liphetho li bonts'a litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tseo monna a li shebellang, o ne a ka li sebelisa haholo nakong ea thobalano, a kopa liketso tsa thobalano tsa molekane oa hae, ka boomo a hlahisa litšoantšo tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa nakong ea thobalano hore a tsohe, hape a be le matšoenyeho ka thobalano le mmele oa hae. setšoantšo. Ho feta moo, tšebeliso e phahameng ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro e ne e amahanngoa hampe le ho natefeloa ke boitšoaro bo bobe ba thobalano le molekane.

15) Kelello, Kamano, le Likamano Tsa Botona le Botšehali Tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Sebelisa Batho ba Monyenyane Banyalani ba Heterosexual Relations Inthaneteng (2014) - Excerpt:

Kahoo, sepheo sa phuputso ena e ne e le ho hlahloba li-antecedents tse boletsoeng esale pele (ke hore, likhohlano tsa karolo ea bong le mekhoa ea ho ikopanya) le litlamorao (ke hore, boleng ba kamano e futsanehileng le khotsofalo ea thobalano) ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa banna li sebelisoa har'a banna ba baholo ba banna le banna ba 373 ba baholo. Liphuputso li senotse hore makhetlo a mabeli a ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le ts'ebeliso e nang le bothata ba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li amana le kgohlano e kholo ea karolo ea bong, mekhoa ea ho qoba le ho tšoenyeha haholoanyane, boleng ba kamano e futsanehileng le khotsofalo e tlase ea thobalano. Ntle le moo, liphetho li fane ka ts'ehetso bakeng sa moetso o hlophisitsoeng o buelletsoeng moo khohlano ea karolo ea bong e neng e hokahane le litholoana tsa kamano ka kotloloho le ka tsela e sa tobang ka mekhoa ea ho hokela le tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.

16) Mekhatlo pakeng tsa boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate, litšoantšo tse manyala tse tsosang takatso, le ho amohela litšoantšo tsa bootsoa har'a liithuti tsa univesithi tsa US (2014) - Excerpt:

Re sebelisa mohlala oa batho ba baholo ba 792 ba hlahang, thuto ea hajoale e hlahlobile hore na tlhahlobo e kopaneng ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro e sebelisa, ho amohela le boitšoaro ba thobalano kamanong e ka fana ka leseli kholong ea batho ba baholo ba hlahang. Liphetho li khothalelitse phapang pakeng tsa bong le tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro. Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tse phahameng tsa banna li ne li tloaetse ho amahanngoa le ho kenella haholo thobalanong kahare ho kamano mme ho ne ho amahanngoa le boits'oaro bo phahameng ba ho ipeha kotsing. Ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa basali e ne e sa amanngoe le ho nka karolo liketsong tsa thobalano kahare ho kamano mme e ne e amana ka kakaretso le litlamorao tse mpe tsa bophelo bo botle ba kelello.

17) Lintlha Tse Bolelang ho Hlalosa Tšebeliso ea Cybersex le Mathata a ho Etsa Likamano Tse Amanang le Batho ba Batona le ba Basali ba Inthaneteng (2015) - Excerpt:

Phuputso ena e sebelisitse tlhahlobo ea bokhoba ba cybersex, Ho lakatsa lipotso tsa lipotso tsa bootsoa, ​​le Lenane la lipotso mabapi le kamano e haufi har'a barupeluoa ba 267 (banna ba 192 le basali ba 75) ba bolelang lilemo tsa banna ba 28 le basali ba 25, ba ileng ba hiroa libakeng tse ikhethileng tse inehetseng ho litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le cybersex ho Internet. Liphetho tsa tlhahlobo ea khatello li bontšitse hore litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, bong le thobalano ka cybersex li boletse esale pele mathata a kamano e haufi mme e ikarabella ho 66.1% ea phapang ea litekanyetso lenaneng la lipotso tse haufi. Taba ea bobeli, tlhahlobo ea khatello ea maikutlo e boetse e bontšitse hore takatso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​bong le mathata a ho theha likamano tse haufi haholo e ile ea bolela esale pele makhetlo a ts'ebeliso ea cybersex mme e bile 83.7% ea phapang ea litekanyetso tsa ts'ebeliso ea cybersex.

18) Male Partners 'Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro Sebelisa le Bophelo bo Botle ba Basali le ba Maiketsetso: Mesebetsi ea Tšepo, Boikutlo le Tlhahlobo (2015) - Excerpt:

Liphello li senola hore litlaleho tsa basali tsa banna ba bona 'litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li sebelisitsoe li amana le kamano e fokolang ea kamano le khatello ea kelello e eketsehileng. Liphello tse hlahang litabeng tsa tekano li bontšitse hore liphello tse tobileng tsa balekane ba banna ba boneng litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li sebelisa le ho ba le kamano ea botšepehi le liphello tse sa tobang tsa batho ba ratanang le litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li sebelisa khotsofalo ea makhetlo a mabeli le khatello ea kelellong e ne e itšetlehile ka likamano tsa botsoalle. Liphuputso tsena li bontšitse hore ha banna ba bona hore litšoantšo tsa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li sebelisoa haholo, basali ba nang le maemo a tlase kapa a bolelang likamano tsa lichelete ba na le kamano e tlaase ea botšepehi. Qetellong, liphello tsa rona li senola hore kamano pakeng tsa banna ba nang le litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro e sebelisoa mme liphello tsa likamano le tsa kelello li teng ho sa tsotellehe maikutlo a basali ka litšoantšo tsa bootsoa

19) Kamano ea lerato le khotsofalo ea lenyalo le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa har'a liithuti tse nyetsoeng tsa univesithi ea Birjand, Iran (2015) - Litlhaloso tse hlahang:

Phuputso ena e hlalosang e ile ea etsoa ho baithuti ba nyalaneng ba 310 ba ithutang liunivesithing tse ikhethang le tsa sechaba tsa Birjand, selemong sa thuto sa 2012-2013 ba sebelisa mokhoa oa sekhetho oa sekhetho. Ho bonahala eka litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso li na le phello e mpe leratong le khotsofalong ea lenyalo.

20)  Ho Tloha Bobe ho ea Bobe? Litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso, Banyalani Bolumeling, Tekano le Tšoaneleho ea Lenyalo (2016) - Litlhaloso tse hlahang:

Ke leka likhopolo-taba tse kaholimo ke sebelisa data ho Wave 1 ea Portraits of American Life Study (PALS), e ileng ea etsoa ka 2006. PALS ke patlisiso ea sehlopha se emelang naha ka lipotso tse shebaneng le lihlooho tse fapaneng. sampole e felletseng, ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho amana hampe le khotsofalo e akaretsang ea lenyalo, ho fana ka maikutlo a hore ba shebang litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro hangata ha ba khotsofale lenyalong la bona ho feta ba shebang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa khafetsa kapa ho hang

21) Tšebeliso ea mecha ea phatlalatso ea thobalano le khotsofalo ea kamano ke karolo e ikhethang ea kamano e haufi le maikutlo? (2016) - Bangoli ba lekile ho hlakisa seo ba se fumaneng ka ho bolela hore hang ha likamano tsa thobalano le likamano li "laoloa bakeng sa," ha ba ka ba fumana khokahano lipakeng tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le khotsofalo ea kamano. 'Nete: Phuputso e fumane likamano tse kholo lipakeng tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le kamano e futsanehileng le khotsofalo ea thobalano ho banna le basali. Sengoloa sa karolo ea lipuisano:

Bakeng sa banna le basali, likamano tse bohlokoa, empa tse itekanetseng, tse fapaneng pakeng tsa SEM le khotsofalo ea kamano li fumanoe, ho bonts'a hore ts'ebetso e eketsehileng ea SEM e ne e amahanngoa le kamano e fokolang ea kamano holima tekano.

22) Phello ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tse hlephileng tsa bosodoma (2016) - Excerpt:

Ka kakaretso 51.6% ea barupeluoa ba neng ba tseba hore banna ba bona ke balebeli ba sebetsang ba tlaleha hore ba na le maikutlo a sithabetsang (ho tepella maikutlong, poulelo), athe 77% e tlalehile liphetoho mokhoeng oa banna ba bona. Bashebelli bao e seng balebeli ba ne ba khotsofetse haholo ka bophelo ba bona ba thobalano ha ba bapisoa le balekane ba bona. Le hoja ho sheba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephileng tsa boitšoaro bo bobe ho ne ho e-na le phello e kholo tabeng ea takatso ea botona le botšehali, motsoako oa botšehali, bokhoni ba ho finyella setho sa botona kapa botona kapa litho tsa botona kapa botšehali, ho ne ho se na liphello tse ngata tsa motlakase. Ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro bo bobebe ho ama bophelo ba basali ba ho kopanela liphate ka ho eketsa boithati ba ho kopanela liphate ho banna le basali, ho baka mathata a kamano.

23) Tlhahlobo e Ikhethang ea Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Ho Amohela, ho Sebelisa le ho Khotsofatsa Thobalano Har'a Banyalani ba Kopanetsoeng (2016) - Excerpt:

Liphetho li bontšitse hore phapano e arolelanoeng ea ho amohela litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro e ne e amahanngoa le ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa banyalani ka bobeli le hore litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa banyalani li sebelisitsoe hampe le khotsofalo ea bona ea thobalano. Ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa basali e fumanoe e amana hantle le phapano e arolelanoeng ea banyalani ba khotsofalo ea thobalano, empa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ha ea ka ea emela kamano pakeng tsa kamohelo ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le khotsofalo ea thobalano.

24) Lintho Tse sa Tšoaneng Litšoantšong Tsa Bootsoa Sebelisa Banyalani: Metsoalle le Khotsofalo, botsitso le Likamano tsa Likamano (2016) - Excerpt:

Thuto ea hona joale e sebelisitse sampuli ea banyalani ba baholo ba 1755 ka likamano tsa lerato tsa bong bo fapaneng ho hlahloba hore na litsela tse fapaneng tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li sebelisoa pakeng tsa likamano tsa lerato li ka amahanngoa le liphello tsa kamano. Le hoja tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso e 'nile ea amahanngoa le liphello tse mpe le tse ling tse ntle, ha ho na thuto e sa hlahlobeng hore na phapang pakeng tsa baratuoa e ka amahanngoa joang le boiketlo ba likamano. Liphello li fana ka maikutlo a hore phapang e kholo pakeng tsa balekane ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e ne e amahanngoa le kamano e tlase ea khotsofalo, botsitso bo fokolang, puisano e fokolang haholo, le ho hlekefetsoa ho feta kamanong. Lipatlisiso tsa lipuisano li bontšitse hore litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso tsa bootsoa li sebelisa ho se lumellane li ne li amana haholo le likarolo tse phahameng tsa ho hlekefetsoa ka banna, ho ba le takatso ea ho kopanela liphate e tlase, le ho buisana ka tsela e fokolang ho balekane ba babeli ba neng ba bolela esale pele khotsofalo e tlaase ea kamano le botsitso ho balekane ba bona ka bobeli.

25) Ho sheba Litšoantšo Tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Inthaneteng le Kamano ea Boiketlo ba Banyalani ba Mafilipino (2016) - Excerpt:

Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Inthanete li na le mathata a mangata, haholo-holo ho boitlamo ba kamano Tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro e amana ka ho toba le ho fokotseha ha kamano ea thobalano. Kahoo, sena se ka lebisa ho fokolisa kamano ea molekane oa bona. E le ho fumana bohlokoa ba seo a se batlang, bafuputsi ba ne ba ikemiselitse ho hlahloba kamano ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba Inthanete ho boitlamo ba kamano ea batho ba lenyalong ba Philippines. Ho senola hore ho sebelisa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro Inthaneteng ho na le phello e mpe kamanong ea likamano tsa banyalani ba malapa a Mafilipino. Ho feta moo, ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng ho fokolitse boitlamo ba likamano tse lebisang kamanong e sa tsitsang. Phuputso ena e fumane hore ts'ebetso ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ea marang-rang e na le phello e mpe ea likamano tsa likamano tsa banyalani ba Mafilipino

26) Maikutlo a khotsofalo ea kamano le boitšoaro bo lemalang: Ho bapisa litšoantšo tse litšila le matekoane (2016) - Excerpt:

Thuto ena e tlatsetsa libukeng tse pharaletseng mabapi le kamoo litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li amang maikutlo kateng ka likamano tsa lerato. Phuputso ena e ile ea hlahloba haeba liphello tse mpe ka lebaka la litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse feteletseng tsa molekane oa lerato li sebelisa ho fapana le liphello tse mpe tse hlahisoang ke mekhoa e meng ea ho qobella kapa ea ho lemalla, matekoane a sebelisang. Phuputso ena e bontša hore litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso tsa baratuoa li sebelisa mokhoa oa ho tsuba matekoane ka tsela e ts'oanang le ho ba le likamano tse ts'oanang le ho fokotsa kamano ea khotsofalo.

27) Liphello tsa lisebelisoa tse hlalosang thobalano li sebelisoa likamanong tsa lerato (2016) - Litlhaloso tse hlahang:

Haholo-holo, banyalani, moo ho se nang motho ea sebelisitsoeng, ba tlalehile khotsofalo e kholoanyane ho feta ba banyalani ba neng ba e-na le basebelisi. Sena se lumellana le lipatlisiso tse fetileng (Cooper et al., 1999; Manning, 2006), ho bontša hore tšebeliso ea boinotšing ea boitsebiso ba ho kopanela liphate e baka liphello tse mpe.

Ka liphello tsa tekano tse tšoaretsoeng kamehla, basebelisi ka bomong ba tlaleha haholo kamano e haufi-ufi le boitlamo likamanong tsa bona ho feta bao e seng basebelisi le basebelisi ba bang ba arolelaneng

Ka kakaretso, hangata motho ea bonang boitsebiso ba ho kopanela liphate ka mokhoa o hlakileng a ka ba le tšusumetso ho liphello tsa basebedisi. Thuto ea rona e fumane hore basebelisi ba phahameng ba makhetlo a mangata ba ka ba le kamano e tlase khotsofalo le kamano e haufi-ufi kamanong ea bona ea lerato.

28) Cyberpornography: Tšebeliso ea nako, Ho lemalla ho lemalla, ho sebetsa ka thobalano le khotsofalo ea thobalano (2016) - Excerpt:

Ntlha ea pele, esita le ha ho laola mokhoa oa ho lemalla ts'ebetso ea cyberpornography le ts'ebetso ea thobalano ka kakaretso, tšebeliso ea cyberpornography e ntse e amana ka kotloloho le ho se khotsofale ka thobalano. Le hoja mokhatlo ona o bobebe o tobileng o ne o le monyenyane haholo, nako eo a neng ae qeta ho sheba cyberpornography e bonahala e le mokhoa o matla oa ho fokotsa khotsofalo ea thobalano.

29) Kamano ea kamano ea botsoalle e bolela esale pele liketso tsa thobalano tsa Inthanete har'a banna le basali ba Machaena ba kopanetsoeng likamanong tse ikemetseng (2016) - Excerpt:

Phuputsong ena, re hlahlobile mesebetsi ea thobalano ea li-Inthaneteng (banna le basali) ba li-Chinese ka likamano tse ikemetseng, ka ho tsepamisa mohopolo litšobotsing tsa li-OSA le lisosa tse susumelletsang banna le basali ba nang le balekane ba tsitsitseng ho kopanela li-OSA. Hoo e batlang e le 89% ea barupeluoa ba tlaleha liphihlelo tsa OSA lilemong tse fetileng tsa 12 esita leha ba e-na le molekane oa sebele oa bophelo. Joalokaha ho boletse esale pele, batho ba nang le kamano e tlase ea kamano bophelong ba sebele, ho kenyelletsa kamano e tlase khotsofalo, ho se sireletseha ho se nang tšireletso, le mekhoa ea puisano e mpe, ba kopanela li-OSA hangata. Ka kakaretso, liphetho tsa rona li fana ka maikutlo a hore mefuta-futa e susumetsang ho se tšepahale ha khoebo ka ntle ho naha e ka boela ea susumetsa ho se tšepahale ha inthaneteng.

30) Karolo ea Litšoantšo Tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Inthaneteng Sebelisa le ho se tšepahaleng ka tsela ea Cyber ​​ho Likamano pakeng tsa Botho, Boiketsetso le Banyalani le Khotsofalo ea Thobalano (2017) - Litlhaloso tse hlahang:

Liphello tsa rona li bontšitse hore litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li amahanngoa le mathata a thobalano ka ho eketseha ka ho se tšepahale ha motho.

Litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso li ne li amana hampe le khotsofalo ea thobalano bakeng sa banna, empa ka tsela e nepahetseng bakeng sa basali. Ho banna, litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso li amahanngoa le takatso ea ho kopanela liphate, ho tsosolosa le ho khotsofatsa. Leha ho le joalo, liphello tsena li ka lebisa ho fokotsa takatso ea ho kopanela liphate molekane oa bona le ho fokotsa khotsofalo ea thobalano har'a banyalani bana

31) Tlhahiso ea Bothata ba Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Boitsebiso ba Litšoantšo (PPCS) (2017) - Morero oa pampiri ena e ne e le ho theha lipotso tse sebelisang lipotso tse litšila tse tsosang takatso. Ha ba ntse ba netefatsa lisebelisoa, bafuputsi ba fumane hore lintlha tse phahameng litabeng tsa lipotso tsa bootsoa li amana le ho fokotsa khotsofalo ea thobalano. Tlhaloso:

Ho khotsofatsoa ke bophelo ba thobalano ho ne ho amana hampe le ho fapana hampe le lipalo tsa PPCS.

32) Ho shebahala ka thobalano ka ho kopanela liphate United States Ho ea ka Lenyalo le Khethiloeng le Tsela ea Bophelo, Mosebetsi le Mesebetsi, Bolumeli le Lintho tsa Lipolotiki (2017) - Litlhaloso tse hlahang:

Ho hlahloba batho ba baholo ba 11,372 ba arabelitseng lipotsong tse mabapi le palo ea batho le tlhahlobo ea lifilimi tsa ho kopanela liphate ka ho hlaka ho Sechaba sa Sechaba sa Sechaba (GSS) ho tloha 2000 ho ea 2014. Ho shebella lifilimi tsena ho ne ho amana le thabo e nyenyane lenyalong, batho ba bangata ba kopanelang liphate selemo se fetileng, ba khotsofatsoa haholo ke maemo a lichelete, ha ba na boikhethelo bolumeling, ebile ba rata maemo a lipolotiki haholo.

Ho shebella lifilimi tse hlakileng ho kopanela liphate ho amahanngoa le maemo a tsoang libakeng tse sa tšoaneng, ho kenyelletsa boleng ba kamano e futsanehileng, maikutlo a ho kopanela liphate ka ho fetisisa a bobebe, maemo a futsanehileng a moruo, maikutlo a fokolang a bolumeli kapa boitlamo, le maikutlo a lipolotiki a mangata.

33) Mekhoa e kopanetsoeng e pakeng tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le ho fokotsa khotsofalo ea thobalano (2017) - Excerpt:

Ho tataisoa ke khopolo ea litabeng tsa thobalano, khopolo ea sechaba, le ho khotsofatsa likamano tsa botona le botšehali, tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso tsa batho ba baholo ba bong bo fapaneng ba lekile mokhoa o nahanang oa ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho fokotsa khotsofalo ea thobalano ka maikutlo a hore litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ke mohloli o ka sehloohong oa tlhahisoleseding ea thobalano, khetho ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka lebaka la thabo e kopanetsoeng ea thobalano, le tekanyetso ea puisano ea thobalano. Mohlala ona o ne o tšehetsoa ke boitsebiso ba banna le basali.

Litapole tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li ne li amahanngoa le ho lemoha litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e le mohloli o ka sehloohong oa tlhahisoleseding ea thobalano, e neng e amahanngoa le khetho ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka lebaka la thabo e kopanetsoeng ea thobalano le tekanyetso ea puisano ea thobalano. Ho khetha litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho arohana le thabo ea thobalano le ho fetisa puisano ea thobalano bobeli bo amahanngoa le khotsofalo e fokolang ea thobalano

34) Tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso le boitšoaro ba thobalano har'a banna le basali ba Norway ba nang le maikutlo a fapaneng a ho kopanela liphate (2013) - E patiloe hole le thuto: Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tse sebelisoang ho banna li ne li amana le khotsofalo e tlase ea thobalano (kapa "ho se khotsofale ho hoholo ka thobalano").

35)  Buka ea Kopano ea Selemo le Mashome a mane ea Likopano tsa IASR - Dubrovnik, Hrvatska, 25.-28. Lipnja, 2014 - Ena ke polelo e hlahisitsoeng ke Landripet le Stulhofer kopanong ea thobalano. Bafuputsi bana ba 2 ba phatlalalitse karolo e itseng ea data ea bona “puisanong ena e khutšoanyane,” e boletsoeng e le ho se fumane kamano lipakeng tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le mathata a thobalano. Ebile, "puisano ea bona e khuts'oane" ha e bue ka kamano e ntle e boletsoeng pampiring ea bona: Ke 40% feela ea banna ba Mapotoketsi ba neng ba sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa "khafetsa," ha 60% ea batho ba Norway ba ne ba sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa "khafetsa." Banna ba Mapotoketsi ba ne ba na le hanyane haholo ho se sebetse ka thobalano ho feta batho ba Norway. Ka khato e tšosang, Landripet & Stulhofer ba tlohetse likamano tse ling tse tharo lipakeng tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le mathata a thobalano ao ba a hlahisitseng sebokeng sa Dubrovnik:

Leha ho le joalo, litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li ne li sebelisoa hampe empa li amana haholo le thahasello e fokolang ea thobalano e kopanetsoeng le ho se sebetse ho kopanetsoeng ho kopanela liphate ka bongata ho basali.

Ho fana ka khetho ea mofuta oa litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ho ne ho amana haholo le erectile, empa eseng ho khaotsa ho kopanela liphate malebana le thobalano.

Ho hlile ho bolela hore Landripet & Stulhofer ba khethile ho siea kamano e kholo lipakeng tsa ho se sebetse ha erectile le litakatso tsa mofuta o itseng oa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa pampiring ea bona e "khuts'oane". Ho tloaelehile haholo hore basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba fetele mefuteng e sa lumellaneng le litakatso tsa bona tsa pele tsa thobalano, le ho ba le ED ha likhetho tsena tsa bootsoa li sa lumellane le likamano tsa 'nete tsa thobalano. Joalokaha ho bontšitsoe ho tlhahlobo ena ea lingoliloeng (le tlhahlobisiso ena ea Landripet & Stulhofer), ke habohlokoa ho hlahloba mefuta e mengata e amanang le tšebeliso ea bootsoa - eseng lihora feela khoeling e fetileng, kapa palo ea selemo se fetileng.

36)  Karolo e atileng ea maikutlo a ho kopanela liphate: Litumelo tse mabapi le ho senyeha ha bophelo ba thobalano li amana le maemo a holimo a khotsofalo ea kamano le khotsofalo ea thobalano le maemo a fokolang a bootsoa a sebelisa (2017) - Excerpt:

Mokhoa o hlahlobelitsoeng o bontšitse hore ho hōla ha maikutlo a ho kopanela liphate ho ne ho e-na le botsoalle bo botle ba ho kopanela liphate le khotsofalo ea kamano ha bothata ba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro bo sebelisa feela ho bontša bobe, empa bo fokola

37)  Hase Feela ho Motho E Mong: Tšusumetso ea Thobalano ho Phatlalatso (2017) Sena "se hlakileng" se bua ka liteko tse 4 tse neng li kenyelletsa ho nahana ka litakatso tsa thobalano. Liphetho tsohle li khothalelitse hore litoro tsa thobalano li fokotsa takatso ea likamano tsa lerato. Tlhaloso:

Ho kopanela litabeng tsa ho kopanela liphate ho eketsa ho khahloa ke likamano tsa thobalano, empa ho fokotsa ho khahloa ke lipheo tsa lerato. Patlisiso ena e eketsa lingoliloeng tse buang ka litakatso tsa botona le botšehali, ho khahloa, le ho fana ka maikutlo a sebetsang litabeng tsa bootsoa, ​​ho kopanela liphate le papatso.

38) Na Kamano Pakeng Tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Hoa Sebelisoa Hangata le Khotsofalo ea ho Kopanela Liphate ka Botebo? Liphello Tse Tsoang Engelane le Jeremane (2017) - Litlhaloso tse hlahang:

Lithuto tse 'maloa ka mekhoa e sa tšoaneng li fumane hore litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li amana le ho khotsofala ha thobalano. Puo e sebelisitsoeng ke litsebi tsa litaba tsa litaba mecheng ea lipuisano tsa mokhatlo ona e fana ka maikutlo a hore tebello e theolang khotsofalo e bakoa haholo ke khafetsa-empa e se e sebelisoang hangata. Ha e le hantle, ho hlahlojoa, ho na le maikutlo a tšoanang. Liphuputso tse qaqileng li bontša hore bakeng sa keketseho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea palo ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho na le ho fokotseha ho tšoanang ha ho khotsofatsoa ke thobalano.

Tlaleho ea lipatlisiso liphuputsong tse peli tsa batho ba baholo ba bong bo fapaneng, e neng e etsoa Engelane le e 'ngoe Jeremane, e ne e sebelisoa. Liphetho li ne li lekana naheng e 'ngoe le e' ngoe 'me li ne li sa tsamaisoe ka bongata. Liphuputso tse bonolo li qaqisa hore ha nako e tloaelehileng ea ts'ebeliso ea lijo e fihla hang ka khoeli, khotsofalo ea thobalano e qala ho fokotseha, le hore boholo ba ho fokotseha ho ba kholoanyane ka phaello e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea makhetlo a sebelisoang.

39) Litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa botho le ho khotsofala ha thobalano: Quadratic Analysis (2017) - Litemana tse qotsitsoeng

Sengoliloeng sena se hlahisa litholoana tsa phuputso ea batho ba baholo ba ka bang 1,500 ba US. Liphuputso tsa Quadratic li bonts'a kamano e khopo lipakeng tsa ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le khotsofalo ea thobalano ka sebopeho se seholo se fosahetseng, se kobehileng tlase. Mofuta oa boits'oaro o ne o sa fapana e le ts'ebetso ea bong ba barupeluoa, boemo ba kamano, kapa tumelo.

Bakeng sa lihlopha tsohle, li-slope tse mpe li ne li le teng ha ho shebella ho fihla hang ka khoeli kapa ho feta. Liphetho tsena li kopane feela. Leha ho le joalo, haeba liphello tse bonngoeng li amoheloa, li ka fana ka maikutlo a hore ho ja litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro hangata khoeli ka khoeli ha ho na phello e fokolang kapa ha ho na phello, ho fokotsa ho khotsofatsa ho atisa ho qala ho bonts'a hang hang ka khoeli, ho shebella ho lebisa ho fokolang ka tsela e sa lekanyetsoang haholoanyane ho khotsofatsa.

40)  Phuputso ea Bophelo bo Botle ba Botona le Botšehali le Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Har'a Tlhalo-Ho Kopa Basali ka Bophirimela Azerbaijan-Iran: Thuto ea Boipelaetso (2017) - Litlhaloso tse hlahang:

E 'ngoe ea mabaka a amang likamano tsa tlhalo le kamano pakeng tsa banyalani ke boitšoaro ba thobalano le ba lenyalo. Ho na le mabaka a mangata a fapaneng a ho belaela hore litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li ka ama tlhalo ka tsela e ntle kapa e mpe. Ka hona, phuputso ena e ile ea hlahloba bophelo ba thobalano ba tlhalo-ho botsa Urmia, Iran.

Sephetho: Liphello tsa thuto li bontšitse hore na ke mang ea nang le palo e tlaase ea khotsofalo ea thobalano, e nang le tekanyo e phahameng ea ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ho itšetlehile ka thuto ea morao-rao, ho ela hloko thuto ea malapa le mananeo a tlhabollo ka ho khetheha tšimong ea thobalano ho tla ba le litholoana tse ngata.

Litemana tse hlahang tlhahlobisong ea 2017 ea lingoliloeng (Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, Thabo le likamano tsa botona le botšehali: Ho ea ho Hedonic Reinforcement Model ea Inthaneteng Inthaneteng Media Media Sebelisa, ho akaretsa liphello tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka khotsofalo ea thobalano:

Khotsofalo ea thobalano

Sebaka se seng seo setšoantšo sa hona joale se nang le sona se ka boela sa e-ba le khotsofalo ea thobalano. Ha merero ea ho kopanela liphate ka hono e atisa ho lebisa tlhokomelo ea thobalano, motho a ka lebella ho eketseha ha merero e joalo ea ho kopanela le liphello tsa khotsofalo ea thobalano. Leha ho le joalo, ho fanoe ka mabaka a mangata a tlatsetsang khotsofalong ea thobalano (mohlala, kamano ea botsoalle, boitlamo, ho itšepa, boitlhompho), hape ho ka etsahala hore likamano tsena pakeng tsa IPU le khotsofalo e tla ba tse rarahaneng. Bakeng sa batho ba bang, keketseho ea sepheo sa ho kopanela liphate ka hedon e ka 'na ea amahanngoa le ho fokotseha ha sebele ho khotsofatsang thobalano, kaha litakatso tse phahameng li ka' na tsa kopana le ho tsieleha, haholo-holo haeba keketseho e joalo e sa kopane le keketseho e khotsofatsang e amanang le likamano tsa thobalano (Santtila) le al., 2007). Ntle le moo, haeba motho a ne a ka qala ka maemo a tlaase a ho kopanela liphate, ho eketseha ha tšusumetso e joalo ho ka 'na ha amahanngoa le khotsofalo e kholo ea thobalano ha motho a ntse a tsepamisitse maikutlo haholoanyane ho fumana menyaka ho kopanela liphate.

Ho fapana le libaka tse ngata tseo ho buuoang ka tsona pele ho IPU le liphethong, tseo lipatlisiso li ntseng li le matla, likamano pakeng tsa IPU le khotsofalo ea thobalano li ithutile haholo, le libuka tse ngata tse buang ka taba ena. Ho e-na le ho hlahloba ka botlalo lenane la lipatlisiso tsa ho hlahloba IPU le khotsofalo ea thobalano, liphuputso tsa lithuto tsena li akaretsitsoe ka Lethathamong la 1.

Ka kakaretso, joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe Lethathamong la 1, likamano lipakeng tsa IPU le khotsofalo ea botona le botšehali li rarahane, empa li lumellana le khopolo ea hore IP e ka ts'ehetsa litšusumetso tse ngata tsa thobalano, haholoholo ha ts'ebeliso e eketseha. Har'a banyalani, ho na le ts'ehetso e lekanyelitsoeng bakeng sa mohopolo oa hore IPU e ka ntlafatsa khotsofalo ea thobalano, empa ha feela e kenyellelitsoe liketsong tsa thobalano. Boemong ba motho ka mong, ho na le bopaki bo lumellanang ba hore IPU e bolela esale pele ka khotsofalo e tlase ea thobalano ho banna, ka likarolo tse peli tse fapaneng le tsa bolelele bo supang mekhatlo ea ts'ebeliso e joalo le khotsofalo e fokotsehileng bakeng sa banna. Mabapi le basali, bopaki bo qhalakaneng bo fana ka maikutlo a hore IPU e kanna ea ntlafatsa khotsofalo ea thobalano, ea se na phello ea khotsofalo, kapa ea fokotsa khotsofalo ha nako e ntse e tsamaea. Leha ho na le liphetho tse tsoakaneng, sephetho sa ho se be le phello e kholo ea IPU mabapi le khotsofalo ea thobalano ho basali ke se fumanoeng ka ho fetesisa. Liphetho tsena le tsona li netefalitsoe ke tlhahlobo ea morao-rao ea litlhahlobo (Wright, Tokunaga, Kraus, & Klann, 2017). Ho lekola lithuto tsa 50 tsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le liphetho tse fapaneng tsa khotsofalo (mohlala, khotsofalo ea bophelo, khotsofalo ea botho, khotsofalo ea kamano, khotsofalo ea thobalano), tlhaiso-leseling ena e fumane hore ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (eseng inthanete e ikhethileng) e ne e lula e amana le ho bolela khotsofalo e tlase ea batho mefuta, ho kenyeletsoa khotsofalo ea thobalano, empa bakeng sa banna feela. Ha ho liphuputso tsa bohlokoa tse fumanoeng bakeng sa basali. Ka kakaretso, liphetho tse tsoakaneng joalo li thibela liqeto tse hlakileng mabapi le karolo ea IP ho susumelleng khotsofalo bakeng sa basali.

E 'ngoe ea liphetho tsa bohlokoahali tsa mesebetsi ea morao-rao e hlahlobang IPU le khotsofalo ea thobalano ke hore ho bonahala ho na le kamano pakeng tsa ts'ebeliso le khotsofalo, e le hore khotsofalo e fokotsehe haholo ha IPU e ntse e ata haholo (mohlala, Wright, Steffen, & Sun, 2017 ; Wright, Brigdes, Letsatsi, Ezzell, & Johnson, 2017). Lintlha tsa lithuto tsena li bonts'itsoe ho Tafole ea 1. Ha ho fanoa ka bopaki bo hlakileng mehlala e mengata ea machabeng, ho bonahala ho utloahala ho amohela qeto ea hore ha IPU e nyoloha ho feta hang ka khoeli, khotsofalo ea thobalano ea fokotseha. Ntle le moo, leha lithuto tsena (Wright, Steffen, et al., 2017; Wright, Bridges et al., 2017) li ne li arotsoe ka likarolo tse fapaneng, ho fanoe ka palo ea lithuto tsa longitudinal (mohlala, Peter & Valkenburg, 2009) e hokahanyang IPU le thobalano e tlase. khotsofalo, hoa utloahala ho lumela hore mekhatlo ena ke ea tlhaho. Ha IPU e ntse e eketseha, khotsofalo ea botona le botšehali e bonahala e fokotseha, e leng tumellanong le khang ea mohlala oa hore IPU e amahanngoa le tšusumetso e matla ea thobalano le ea boithati.

Qetellong, thuto ena ea 2016 e senyang hangata e qotsitsoe ke Nicole Prause le mosebetsi-'moho le eena David Ley e le bopaki ba hore tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ha e fane ka melemo ho banyalani feela: Liphello Tse Nkiloeng tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Litabeng Tsa Banyalani: Liphetho tsa Qetellong Tse sa Feleng, Boitsebiso bo Boletsoeng Bochabeng, "Boitsebiso bo ka tlaase". (2016).

Litsela tse peli tse hlalosang metsoako li hlahisa liphello tse se nang thuso:

1. Boithuto ha boa itšetleha ka sampole ea moemeli. Le ha lipatlisiso tse ngata li bonts'a hore basali ba fokolang ba sebelisang porno balekane ba bona ba sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​phuputsong ena basali ba 95% ba sebelisitse litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba le bang. Mme basali ba 85% ba ne ba sebelisitse litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho tloha qalong ea kamano (maemong a mang ka lilemo). Litefiso tseo li phahame ho feta tsa banna ba lilemong tsa koleche! Ka mantsoe a mang, bafuputsi ba bonahala ba khelositse sampole ea bona ho hlahisa litholoana tseo ba neng ba li batla. 'Nete: Litaba tse fapaneng tse tsoang phuputsong e kholo ea US (General Social Survey) li tlalehile hore ke basali ba 2.6% feela ba kileng ba etela "sebaka sa marang-rang sa bootsoa" khoeling e fetileng. Lintlha tse tsoang 2000, 2002, 2004. Bakeng sa tse ling bona - Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa le Lenyalo (2014)

2. Phuputso e sebelisitse lipotso tse "bulehileng" moo taba e ka qhekellang mabapi le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Eaba bafuputsi ba bala li-rambling mme ba etsa qeto, kamora 'nete, hore na likarabo li "bohlokoa", le hore na ba ka li hlahisa joang (spin?) Pampiring ea bona. Eaba bafuputsi ba ntan'o ba le nyooko ho fana ka maikutlo a hore lithuto tse ling tsohle tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le likamano, tse sebelisang mokhoa o tiileng, oa mahlale le lipotso tse hlakileng mabapi le litlamorao tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e fosahetse. Mokhoa ona o lokile joang?

Ho sa tsotellehe mefokolo ena e bolaeang banyalani ba bangata ba tlaleha liphello tse mpe tse bakoang ke tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse kang tsa:

• Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li bonolo, li thahasellisa haholo, lia tsosoa, li lakatseha haholo, kapa li thabisa haholo ho feta thobalano le molekane
• Litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ke ho senya, ho fokotsa bokhoni ba ho finyella kapa ho boloka ho tsosoa ha thobalano, kapa ho finyella li-orgasm.
• Ba bang ba boletse hore ho hlalosoa ka ho khetheha ho hloka boithati e le phello ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa
• Ba bang ba ne ba amehile ka tahlehelo ea kamano e haufi-ufi kapa lerato.
• Ho ile ha boleloa hore litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li etsa hore ho kopanela liphate e le kannete ho be monate, ho tloaelehile, ho fokotsehe haholo kapa ho se monate haholo

Ka mabaka a itseng liphello tsena tse mpe ha lia ka tsa hlaha lihloohong tse buang ka thuto. Webosaete e ncha ea sengoli le ea hae leka ho lefella chelete botsa lipotso.

SLIDE 34

"Ke ikutloa eka ke Sir Sir Newton kapa Leonardo da Vinci ea latelang!

Ho tloha ha ke tlohela khoeling e fetileng, ke hlile ke qalile khoebo, ke nkile piano, ke ntse ke ithuta Sefora letsatsi le leng le le leng, ke ntse ke etsa mananeo, ke taka, ke ngola, ke qala ho laola lichelete tsa ka, mme ke na le mehopolo e metle ho feta kamoo ke tsebang ho etsa ka eona . Tšepo ea ka e holimo leholimong. Ke se ke ntse ke ikutloa eka nka bua le ngoanana e mong le e mong. Ke 'na enoa motho ea nkileng lilemo tse 2 le 1/2 a le mong ho qeta sekolong - ka lebaka la ho lieha le ho tepella maikutlo. ”

TŠEBELETSO EA SEHLOOHO:

Ena ke anecdote. Leha ho le joalo, ke ne ke bone makholo a kang a eona ka nako eo ke e entseng Boiteko bo Boholo ba Litšoantšo. Ts'ehetso ea borena ea "ho tsuba" (litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng, lipapali tsa inthanete) ho khothaletsa kapa ho mpefatsa maemo a kelello le maikutlo, hammoho le mathata a kelello, ho fanoe ka Slide 11. Bona Slide 21 bakeng sa li-link tsa liforamu ke banna ba ileng ba tlosoa litšoantšong tsa bootsoa '

Sheba lihlooho tse latelang (le likarolo tsa litlhaloso tse ka tlaase ho lihlooho) bakeng sa litlhaloso tse eketsehileng tse tšoanang le tsena

• Ho tsosolosa leqephe la litlaleho tsa likhaolo 1
• Ho tsosolosa leqephe la litlaleho tsa likhaolo 2
• Litaba tsa ho khutlisa ED 1
• Litaba tsa ho khutlisa ED 2
• Litaba tsa ho khutlisa ED 3
• Litaba tsa ho khutlisa ED 4
• Litaba tsa ho khutlisa ED 5
• Litaba tsa ho khutlisa ED 6
• Litaba tsa ho khutlisa ED 7
• Litaba tsa ho khutlisa ED 8
• Na tšebeliso ea bootsoa e etsa hore ho tšoenyeha ha ka le boiketlo ba ka le maemo a ka mpefala?
• Na litšoantšo tse litšila li ka senya maikutlo a ka?
• Na tšebeliso ea litšoantšo e ka ama mohopolo le ho tsepamisa maikutlo?
• Ke melemo efe eo batho ba e bonang ha ba qala?
• Tlhahlobo e 'Ngoe ea Litlhapi
• Na litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa ka tsa bothanyana li bakoa?
• Ke na le li-asexual?
• Ke Hobane'ng ha ke Fumana Porn e Thabisang ho Feta Motsoalle?
• Litlokotsi-Tse bakang ho se sebetse ka thobalano ke bothata bo ntseng bo hōla 
• Ha ho Porn, ho Molemo ho Sebetsa Khopotso?
• Bashanyana ba Ileng ba Fana ka Bootsoa: Ho Kopanela Liphate le Lerato
• Matšoao a ho sebelisa lithethefatsi tse ngata tsa Inthanete ke afe?

TŠEBELETSO E NTSENG:

Ts'ehetso ea matla le ea bongaka bakeng sa "ho tsuba" (litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng, papali ea inthanete) ho fokotsa kapa ho eketsa maemo a kelello le maikutlo ho fanoe ka Slide 11.

Joalokaha ho se ho boletsoe lihlooho tse makholo li phatlalalitsoe ho tloha 2011 e hlalosang ho eketseha ho seng mohla ho kileng ha e-ba le mathata a bophelo bo botle ba kelello ba bacha (ho tepella maikutlong, ho tšoenyeha, ho tšoenyeha ha sechaba). Bongata ba litsebi tse qotsitsoeng lihloohong tsena li qotsa ho sebelisoa ha internet le ho amoheloa ha li-smartphone ka mokhoa o ka sehloohong oa ho eketseha ha mathata a bophelo ba kelello.

SLIDE 35

Ke tla phethela ka takatso: Ke rata ho bona banna ba Zimbardo ba felisang, le bahlokomeli ba bona, ba mametse banna ba likete ba re rutang ka ho tsuba - ka ho e phonyoha.

Ke leboha ho mamela.

TŠEHETSO EA TSOANG LE E NCHA

Ho tloha ka Boiteko bo Boholo ba Litšoantšo e bile karabelo e tobileng ho "Philip Zimbardo"Demise of GuysPuo ea TED, ke sebelisitse polelo e ts'oanang le ea Zimbardo ("Arousal addiction") ho hlalosa tšebeliso e mpe ea inthanete (papali ea video, ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa) ke bahlankana. Ts'ehetso ea mantlha le e ntlafalitsoeng ea boteng ba bokhoba ba inthanete le bokhoba ba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro inthaneteng e fanoe ho Slides 12, 17, 18, 19 le 20.

Leqephe la pele le na le li-slides 1 ka 17