UMatthias Brand uyintloko yesebe Jikelele yeengqondo: UkuCognition kwiYunivesithi yaseDuisburg-Essen (Iqela leBrand labaphandi). Uluhlu olungezantsi luhlolisiso lwezonyango kubasebenzisi bezono, kunye nokuphononongwa kweencwadi / izimvo ezibhekiselele ekusebenziseni ubulili / umlutha, loo Brand kunye neqela lakhe lipapashile:
1) Ukubukela Imifanekiso Engamanyala kwi-Intanethi: Inxaxheba Yokulinganisa Ngokwezesondo kunye Neengqondo-Iimpawu Zengqondo Zokusebenzisa I-Intanethi Zamasondo Ngokugqithiseleyo (UBrand et al., 2011) - [Iminqweno engaphezulu / uvakalelo kunye nomsebenzi olawulayo ohlwempuzekileyo] - Isicatshulwa:
Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba iingxaki zobomi bemihla ngemihla ezixhomekeke kwimisebenzi yoxhatshazo lwe-intanethi zichazwe ngokulinganiswa kobulili obuphathekayo obuphathekayo bezinto eziphathekayo zobulili, ubunzima bomhlaba beempawu zengqondo, kunye nenani lezicelo zesondo xa zisetyenziselwa iisayithi zocansi nge-intanethi kwimpilo yemihla ngemihla, ngeli xesha ixesha elisetyenziselwa kwiisayithi zezesini ze-intanethi (imizuzu ngemini) azizange zenze igalelo elikhulu ekuchazeni ukuhlukahluka kwamanqaku e-IATsex. Sibona ukufana okuphakathi kweendlela zokuqonda kunye neengqondo ezingabangela ukuba kube nokugcinwa kwe-cybersex ngokweqile kunye nalabo bachazwe ngabantu abanexhomekeke kwimpahla.
2) Umfanekiso ococekileyo Uqwalasela i-Interferes esebenzayo yokuKhumbula iMisebenzi (Laier et al., 2013) - [Iminqweno engaphezulu / uvakalelo kunye nomsebenzi olawulayo ohlwempuzekileyo] - Isicatshulwa:
Abanye abantu baxela iingxaki ngexesha kunye nangemva kokubandakanyeka ngesondo ngo-intanethi, njengokulala okungekho kunye nokulibala ukuqeshwa, ezidibene nemiphumo emibi yokuphila. Enye indlela enokubangela ezi ntlobo zeengxaki kukuba ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo ngexesha le-intanethi lingaphazamisa umthamo wokusebenza (WM), okubangelwa ukunganyanzelwanga kolwazi olufanelekileyo lwendalo kwaye ngoko ke ukungahambi kakuhle kwezigqibo. Iziphumo zityhila kakubi ukusebenza kwe-WM kwisimo somfanekiso wesithothosiso somsebenzi we-4-back xa kuthelekiswa neemeko ezintathu eziseleyo. Iziphumo zixubusha ngokubhekiselele kwi-intanethi ye-intanethi kuba ukuphazamiseka kwe-WM ngeziqulatho ezinxulumene neziyobisi ziyaziwa ngokuxhomekeka kwizinto eziphathekayo.
3) Ukucwangciswa koBugcisa beSithotyana ngokuSebenza ngeZigqibo phantsi kobuchule (Laier et al., 2013) - [Iminqweno engaphezulu / uvakalelo kunye nomsebenzi olawulayo ohlwempuzekileyo] - Isicatshulwa:
Umsebenzi wokwenza izigqibo wawunzima kakhulu xa imifanekiso yesondo idibaniswa neengcingo ezingekho phantsi kwamanani xa kuthelekiswa nokusebenza xa imifanekiso yesondo idibaniswe nakwiindawo ezifanelekileyo. Ukuvuswa kwezesondo ngokuvisisanayo ngokumalunga nezesondo kulungelelanisa ubudlelwane phakathi komgangatho wenkqubo kunye nokwenza izigqibo. Olu pho nonongo luye wagxininisa ukuba ukuvuswa kwezesondo kugxininisa ukuthatha isigqibo, oku kungachaza ukuba kutheni abanye abantu befumana imiphumo emibi kwiimeko zokusebenzisa i-intanethi.
4) Umlutha we-Cybersex: Ukuvuswa kwezesondo malunga nolwazi xa ukhangele iifoto ezingcolileyo kunye noonobumba bezocwangco bobulili benza ukubahluko (Laier et al., 2013) - [Iminqweno engaphezulu / uvakalelo kunye nomsebenzi olawulayo ohlwempuzekileyo] - Isicatshulwa:
Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba izalathisi zesondo zovuko kunye nokukhanga kwiinkcukacha zoononophala ze-intanethi ezichazwe ukutyekela kwi-cyber sex addiction ekuqaleni. Ngaphezu koko, kuboniswe ukuba abasebenzisi be-cyber bexakeka ingxaki bavakalisa ukuvuthwa kwezesondo kunye nokwenzakala kweempembelelo ezibangelwa ukuboniswa koononopopayi. Kwizifundo zombini, inani kunye nomgangatho kunye noonobumba bezonxibelelwano bokwenene zesini abazange bahlobaniswe nokulutha kwe-cybersex. Iziphumo zixhasa ukuxhaswa kwengqondo, ebonisa ukuqiniswa, iindlela zokufunda, nokufuna ukuba iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo ekuphuhliseni nasekugcinweni kokulutha kwe-cybersex. Ubuthathaka okanye ukunganelisekanga oonxibelelwano bobuhlobo bokwabelana ngesondo abanakho ukuchaza ngokufanelekileyo ukunyaniseka kwe-cybersex.
5) Ukuxhatshazwa kwe-Cybersex kwi-intanethi yabasebenzisi besini kwi-intanethi ye-intanethi kunokuchazwa ngokuxhaswa kwe-hypothesis (Laier et al., 2014) - [Iminqweno / uvakalelo olukhulu] - Isicatshulwa:
Sihlolisise i-51 yabasetyhini be-IPU kunye ne-51 nabasetyhini abangabonayo i-Internet (NIPU). Ukusebenzisa imibuzo, sahlola ubunzima bokulutha kwe-inthanethi ngokubanzi, kwakunye nokuxhalaba ngokwesondo, ukuziphatha okubi ngokwesini kunye nokuqina kwempawu zengqondo. Ukongezelela, iparadigm yokulinga, kubandakanywa ukulinganiswa kokuvuswa komfanekiso we-100, kunye nezibonakaliso zokufuna, kwaqhutywa. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba i-IPU ilinganise imifanekiso yezongcola njengokuba ivuselela ngakumbi kwaye ivakalise ukukhanga okukhulu ngenxa yokubonisa umfanekiso wesithothosiso xa kuthelekiswa neNIPU. Ngaphezu koko, ukulangazelela, ukulingana ngokwesondo, imifanekiso, ukuvavanya kwintlondi yesondo, ukuziphatha okubi ngokwesini kunye nokunyaniseka kweempawu zeengqondo ziqikelele ukutyekela kwi-IPU. Ukuba nobudlelwane, inani lezonxibelelwano zesondo, ukwaneliseka koqhagamshelwano ngokwesondo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi ye-intanethi ayisebenzisanga nokuxhatshazwa kwe-cybersex. Ezi ziphumo zihambelana nezo zichazwe ngabantu abesilisa kunye nabesilisa ekufundeni kwangaphambili. Iziphumo ngokumalunga nokunyusa ukunyuswa kwezesondo, iindlela zokufunda, kunye nendima yokuqhelana nokusebenza kunye nokulangazelela ekuphuculweni kwezilwanyana ze-inthanethi kwi-IPU kufuneka zixoxwe ngazo.
6) Ubungqina bobuGcisa kunye nokuqwalaselwa kweengcinga kwizinto ezibangela ukuxhatshazwa kwe-Cybersex kwi-View Cognitive Viewing behavior (Laier et al., 2014) - [Iminqweno / uvakalelo olukhulu] - Isicatshulwa:
Ubume bento edlalwa ngokuba ngumlutha we-cybersex (CA) kunye neendlela zayo zokuphuhliswa zixutyushwa. Umsebenzi odlulileyo ubonisa ukuba abanye abantu bangasengozini kwi-CA, ngelixa ukuqinisekiswa okuqinisekileyo nokukhawuleza-ukucwangciswa kwemisebenzi kuthathwa njengendlela ephambili yokuphuhliswa kwe-CA. Kulo pho nonongo, i-155 yamadoda angqinileyo axabisa iifayile ze-100 zoonografi kwaye yabonisa ukunyuka kwabo kwesondo. Ukongezelela koko, ukutyekela kwi-CA, ukukhathazeka kwintlonipho yesondo kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi kwesondo ngokubanzi kwahlolwe. Iziphumo zovavanyo zibonisa ukuba kukho iziganeko zobungozi kwi-CA kwaye zinikezela ubungqina bendima yokuxhaswa ngokwesondo kunye nokuxhatshazwa kakubi ekuphuhliseni i-CA.
7) I-Cybersex Addiction (Brand kunye neLaier, 2015). Amacatshulwa:
Abantu abaninzi basebenzisa i-cybersex applications, ngokukodwa i-intanethi. Abanye abantu bafumana ukulahleka kolawulo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwabo kwe-inthanethi kunye nokubika ukuba abanakukwazi ukulawula ukusetyenziswa kwabo kwe-inthanethi nangona bafumana imiphumo emibi. Amanqaku amva nje, ukuxilonga kwe-inthanethi kuthathwa njengoluhlobo oluthile lwe-intanethi. Ezinye izifundo zikhoyo ziphanda ukufana phakathi kokuxhatshazwa kwe-cybersex kunye nezinye izilingo zokuziphatha, ezifana ne-Internet Gaming Disorder. I-Cue-reactivity kunye nesifiso kuthathwa njengendima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni i-cybersex. Kwakhona, iindlela zokwenza uphando kunye nokugcinwa kwezilwanyana ezinobungozi nge-cyclone kubandakanya ukuphazamiseka kwisenzo sokwenza izigqibo kunye nemisebenzi yolawulo. Ucwaningo lwe-Neuroimaging luxhasa uxanduva lwezinto eziqhelekileyo eziphakathi kwe-cyber yobunzima kunye nezinye izilingo zokuziphatha kunye nokuxhomekeka kwezinto.
8) I-neuroscience ye-Intanethi yezoLimo:Love et al., 2015). Ukuhlaziywa ngokugqibeleleyo kwincwadi ye-neuroscience ehambelana ne-intanethi ye-addiction-sub-types, ngokujoliswe ngokukodwa kwi-intanethi ye-addiction. Ukuphononongwa kwakhona kuhlalutya iimbali ezimbini ze-EEG eziphambili ze-head-grabbing by the teams UNicole Prause (obangqina bamanga ukuba iziphumo zenzeke ukungathandabuzeki ngokubhekiselele ekuziphatheni koononophelo). Amacatshulwa:
Abaninzi bayaqaphela ukuba iimpawu ezininzi ezinokuchaphazela umjikelezo wesiphaluka ebuntwini babantu zikhokelela ekulahlekelweni kolawulo kunye nezinye iimpawu zokulutha umlingo ubuncinane kwabanye abantu. Ngokubhekiselele kumlutha we-intanethi, uphando lwe-intanethi lusekela ukucinga ukuba phantsi kweenkqubo ze-neural zifana nokuxhatshazwa kweziyobisi ... Ngaphakathi kwesi sihlolisiso, sinika isishwankathelo seengcamango ezicetywayo kunye nokunika ingqwalasela malunga nezifundo zesayensi kwi-intanethi ye-intanethi kunye ne-intanethi yemidlalo yokudlala. Ngaphezu koko, sihlolisise uncedo lweencwadi ze-intanethi kwi-intanethi yokuxhatshazwa koonografi kunye nokudibanisa iziphumo kumzekelo wokuxhatshazwa. Ukuphononongwa kukukhokelela ekugqibeleni ukuba ukugqithisa i-intanethi ye-intanethi ihambelana nesakhelo soxilongo kwaye ikwabelana ngeendlela ezifanayo ezisisiseko kunye nokulutha kweziyobisi.
9) Ukudibanisa iingqondo kunye ne-Neurobiological Ngokubhekiselele kuPhuhliso kunye nokugcinwa kweengxaki ezixhomekeke kwi-Intanethi-Ukusetyenziswa: Ukusebenzisana koMntu-Impembelelo-Ukuqonda-umzekelo wokusetyenziswa (UBrand et al., 2016). Ukuhlaziywa kweendlela eziphambili ekuphuhliseni nasekugcinweni kweengxaki ezithile zokusebenzisa i-intanethi, kuquka "i-Intanethi-i-intanethi-ukujonga ingxaki". Ababhali bacetyisa ukuba umlutha woonografi (kunye noxilongo lwe-cybersex) uhlelwe njengengxaki yokusebenzisa i-intanethi kwaye ubeke ezinye izilwanyana zokuziphatha phantsi kweengxaki zokusebenzisa izidakamizwa njengendlela yokuzilahla. Amacatshulwa:
Nangona i-DSM-5 igxile kwibala le-intanethi, inani elinenjongo labalobi libonisa ukuba abantu abafuna unyango bangasebenzisa ezinye izicelo ze-intanethi okanye ii-sites addictively ....
Ukususela kwimeko yangoku yophando, sincoma ukuba zibandakanye iingxaki zokusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi kwi-ICD-11 ezayo. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ngaphandle kwengxaki yokudlala i-intanethi, ezinye iintlobo zezicelo zisetyenziselwa ingxaki. Enye indlela ingabandakanya ukuqaliswa kwexesha eliqhelekileyo le-intanethi yokusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi, leyo ingacaciswa ngokuqwalasela isicelo sokhetho lokuqala esetyenziswayo (umzekelo, ingxaki yokudlala i-intanethi, ukungcola kwe-intanethi, ukungaxhatshazwa kwe-Intanethi-ukusetyenziswa kwezifo, Ingxaki yoxhumano lwe-intanethi, kunye ne-Internet-shopping shopping).
10) Ulawulo lwe-Prefrontal kunye nokuxilongwa kwe-intanethi: imodeli yezobugcisa kunye nokuphononongwa kweziphumo ze-neuropsychological and neuroimaging (UBrand et al., 2015) - [Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kweesekethe / umsebenzi olawulayo ohlwempuzekileyo kunye novakalelo] - Isicatshulwa:
Ngokuhambelana noku, iziphumo ezivela ekusebenzeni kwe-neuroimaging kunye nolunye uphononongo lwe-neuropsychological zibonisa ukuba ukwenziwa kwakhona kwe-cue-reactivity, ukunqwenela, kunye nokwenza izigqibo zizinto ezibalulekileyo zokuqonda ukuba likhoboka le-Intanethi. Iziphumo zokuncitshiswa kolawulo oluphezulu ziyahambelana nezinye iindlela zokuziphatha, ezinjengokungcakaza okungapheliyo. Bakwakugxininisa ukuhlelwa kwento njengesiyobisi, kuba kukwakho ukufana okuninzi kunye neziphumo zokuxhomekeka kwinto. Ngaphezu koko, iziphumo zophando lwangoku ziyafana nokufunyaniswa kuphando lokuxhomekeka kwezinto kunye nokugxininisa ii-analogies phakathi kweziyobisi ezenziwa nge-cybersex kunye nokuxhomekeka kweziyobisi okanye ezinye iindlela zokuziphatha.
11) Unxulumano olungapheliyo kumlingo we-cybersex: Ukutshintshwa kovavanyo lweMbutho oluqinileyo kunye neefoto zoonografi (Snagkowski et al., 2015) - [Iminqweno / uvakalelo olukhulu] - Isicatshulwa:
Uphononongo olutshanje lubonisa ukufana phakathi kokulutha kwe-cybersex kunye nokuxhomekeka kwezinto kunye nokuphikisa ukwahlula umlutha we-cybersex njengesiqhelo sokuziphatha. Ukuxhomekeka kwento, imibutho engachazwanga iyaziwa ukuba idlala indima ebalulekileyo, kwaye loo mibutho ingakhange ifundwe kumlutha we-cybersex, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Kolu phononongo lokuvavanywa, abathathi-nxaxheba abesilisa nabasetyhini abayi-128 bagqibe uvavanyo oluQinisekileyo loMbutho (i-IAT; iGreenwald, iMcGhee, kunye neSchwartz, i-1998) eguqulwe ngemifanekiso engamanyala. Ukuqhubela phambili, ingxaki yokuziphatha ngokwesondo, ubuntununtunu ekuvuseleleni ngokwesini, utyekelo lokufumana iziyobisi kwi-cybersex, kunye nokunqwenela ngokuzimela ngenxa yokubukela imifanekiso engamanyala yavavanywa. Iziphumo zibonisa ubudlelwane obuhle phakathi kwemibutho engamanyala yeefoto zoononografi kunye neemvakalelo ezintle kunye nokuthambekela kokulutha kwe-cybersex, indlela yokuziphatha enengxaki yesini, ubuntununtunu ekuvuseleleni ngokwesondo kunye nokunqwenela ngokuzithoba. Ngaphaya koko, uhlalutyo lokumodareyitha olulinganiselweyo lubonakalise ukuba abantu abachaze ukuthanda kwabo ngokuzithoba kwaye babonisa ubudlelwane obufanelekileyo bemifanekiso engamanyala eneemvakalelo ezintle, ngakumbi ezijolise kumlutha we-cybersex. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba inokuba yinxalenye yemibutho efanelekileyo kunye nemifanekiso engamanyala kuphuhliso kunye nokugcinwa kweziyobisi kwi-cybersex. Ngaphezu koko, iziphumo zophando lwangoku ziyafana nokufunyaniswa kuphando lokuxhomekeka kwezinto kunye nokugxininisa ukufana phakathi kokulutha kwe-cybersex kunye nokuxhomekeka kweziyobisi okanye ezinye iindlela zokuziphatha.
12) Iimpawu zoxhatshazo lwe-inthanethi lunokudibaniswa kokubili kokusondela kunye nokuphepha ukukhupha imifanekiso engamanyala: iziphumo ezivela kwisampuli ye-analog yebasebenzisi be-intanethi rhoqo.Snagkowski, et al., 2015) - [Iminqweno / uvakalelo olukhulu] - Isicatshulwa:
Ezinye iinkqubo zibhekiselele kwizinto ezinxulumene nokuxhomekeka kwezinto eziphathekayo apho ukuthambekela / ukuphepha ukuthambekela kubalulekile. Abaphandi abaninzi baphikisa ukuba kwimeko yesigqibo esinxulumene nomlingo, abantu bangabonisa ukuthambekela kokusondela okanye ukuphepha isistim esichaphazelekayo. Kwimeko yangoku i-123 indoda engatshatanga ngesondo iyagqiba indlela yokuSebenza-ukuPhepha-umsebenzi (i-AAT; I-Rinck no-Becker, i-2007) iguqulwe ngeefoto zoononografi. Ngexesha le-AAT abathathi-nxaxheba bekufuneka baqhube i-stimuli okanye bahoxise kubo. Ukuqonda ukuxhalaba ngokwesondo, ukuziphatha okubi ngokwesini, kunye nokunyamekela ukuxilwa kwe-inthanethi ku-intanethi zihlolwe ngemibuzo.
Iziphumo zabonisa ukuba abantu abanomdla wokuxhatshazwa ngocansi lwe-intanethi babenokuthi bangene okanye baphephe ukunyanzeliswa koonwabo. Ukongezwa koko, ukuhlaziywa kweemodareyithwa kwimodareyibhile kubonisa ukuba abantu abanexhala eliphezulu lezesondo kunye nokuziphatha kakubi ngokwesondo ababonisa ukunyamekela / ukuphepha ukuthambekela, bachaze iimpawu eziphezulu zokulutha kwe-cybersex. Iziganeko ezixhomekeke kwizixhomekeke kwizinto eziphathekayo, iziphumo zibonisa ukuba zombini iindlela zokutyekela nokukhusela zingabamba indima ekukhuseleni i-cybersex. Ukongezelela, ukusebenzisana novelwano malunga nokuxhaswa ngokwesini kunye nokuziphatha okubi ngokwesini kunokuba nempembelelo yokubaluleka kwezikhalazo ezizimeleyo kwimpilo yemihla ngemihla ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi. Ezi ziphumo zibonelela ubungqina obuninzi bokufana nokufana nokuxhatshazwa kwe-inthanethi kunye nokuxhomekeka kwezinto eziphathekayo. Ukufana okunjalo kunokubuyiswa kwintsebenziswano efana neorural of cues related to cybersex-and related links.
13) Ukubambelela kwiimifanekiso engamanyala? Ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo okanye ukungahoywa kwimiba ye-intanethi kwisimo se-multitasking ihambelana neempawu zokulutha kwe-cybersex (Schiebener et al., 2015) - [Iminqweno / uvakalelo olukhulu kunye nolawulo lwentlupheko] - Isicatshulwa:
Abanye abantu basebenzisa i-intanethi ye-intanethi, njengezinto eziphathekayo zobulili, ngendlela engumlutha, ekhokelela kwimiphumo emibi kwimpilo yabucala okanye emsebenzini. Enye indlela ekhokelela kwimiphumo emibi inokunciphisa ukulawula okulawulayo malunga nokuqonda kunye nokuziphatha okunokuba kuyimfuneko ukujonga ukuguquka komgomo phakathi kokusebenzisa i-cybersex kunye neminye imisebenzi kunye nezibophelelo zobomi. Ukujongana nale mpawu, sihlolisise abathathi-nxaxheba be-104 besine-paradigm yokulawula i-multitasking iiseti ezimbini: Isethi enye iqukethe imifanekiso yabantu, enye isethi ibandakanya imifanekiso engamanyala. Kuzo zombini usetha imifanekiso kufuneka ihlelwe ngokwemiqathango ethile. Injongo ecacileyo yayikusebenza kuwo wonke umsebenzi wokuhlelwa kwiixabiso ezilinganayo, ngokutshintsha phakathi kweesethi kunye nemisebenzi yokuhlelwa ngendlela efanelekileyo.
Sifumene ukuba ukusebenza okulinganayo kangako kule paradigm eninzi idibene ne-tendency ephezulu ekubhekeleni kwe-cybersex. Abantu abanalo mkhuba badla ngokugqithiseleyo okanye bengakuhoxiswa ekusebenziseni imifanekiso engamanyala. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba ukulawulwa kolawulo olunciphise ukusebenza kwe-multitasking, xa ujongene nezinto eziphathekayo zoononophelo, kunokufaka isandla ekuziphatheni kakubi kunye nemiphumo emibi ebangelwa ukulaliswa kwe-cybersex. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaneentlobo zokunyamekela i-cybersex addiction kubonakala benomnqweno wokuphepha okanye ukufikelela kwiimpawu zoononophala, njengoko kuxoxwa kwiimodeli ezikhuthazayo zokulutha.
14) Ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo kunye nokuxhatshazwa okungafanelekiyo Ukuqhelanisa ukuxhatshazwa kwe-Cybersex kumadoda angqingili (Laier et al., 2015) - [Iminqweno / uvakalelo olukhulu] - Isicatshulwa:
Iziphumo ezikhoyo zibonise ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-CyberSex Addiction (CA) ubunzima kunye nezibonakaliso zokuzikhusela ngokwesondo, kwaye ukujamelana nokuziphatha ngokwesondo kuxolelana ubudlelwane phakathi kokuzikhusela ngokwesini kunye neempawu ze-CA. Injongo yale sifundo yayiyikuvavanya lo mbambano kwisampuli yamadoda angqingili. Imibuzo ihlolwe iimpawu ze-CA, uvakalelo kwintlonipho yesondo, iifoto zoonografi zisetyenziselwa inkqubela, ukuziphatha kakubi ngokwesini, iimpawu zeengqondo, kunye neendlela zokuziphatha ngokwesini kunye ne-intanethi. Ngaphezu koko, abathathi-nxaxheba bajonga iividiyo zoononopopasho kwaye babonisa ukuvuswa kwabo ngokwesondo ngaphambi nangemva kwevidiyo. Iziphumo zabonisa ukudibanisa okunzulu phakathi kweempawu ze-CA kunye nezibonakaliso zokuvuselela ngokwesondo kunye nokuzikhukhumeza ngokwesondo, ukuhlangabezana nokuziphatha ngokwesini kunye neempawu zengqondo. I-CA yayingabandakanywa nokuziphatha kakubi kwezesondo kunye nexesha lokusebenzisa i-intanethi ngesonto. Ukujamelana nokuziphatha ngokwesondo kuyingcipheko ngokukhawuleza ubudlelwane phakathi kokuzikhusela ngokwesondo kunye ne-CA. Iziphumo zifaniswa nezo zichazwe ngabantu abesilisa kunye nabesifazana kwizifundo zangaphambilini kwaye zixutyushwa malunga nemvelaphi yeengcamango ze-CA, ezigqamisa indima yokuqiniswa okulungileyo kunye nokungalunganga ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwe-cybersex.
15) Umsebenzi we-Ventral Striatum Xa ukhangele iifoto ze-Pornography ezikhethiweyo zihambelanayo kunye nezibonakaliso ze-Internet zoTywala (UBrand et al., 2016) -Ukuphinda uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde wenziwe Ukufumana i- # 1: Umsebenzi weziko lomvuzo (i-ventral striatum) wawuphezulu kwimifanekiso engamanyala. Ukufumana i- # 2: I-Ventral striatum reactivity ehambelana nenqaku le-intanethi lokulutha ngokwesini. Zombini ezi ziphumo zibonisa ubuntununtunu kwaye zihambelane ne imodeli yoxhatshazo. Ababhali bathi "Isiseko se-Neural sokulutha iphonografi kwi-Intanethi sinokuthelekiswa nezinye iziyobisi." Isicatshulwa:
Olunye uhlobo lwe-intanethi ye-intanethi yinto ephangaleleyo yokusetyenziswa kwezithombe ezingcolileyo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-cybersex okanye i-intanethi ye-pornography. Ucwaningo lwe-Neuroimaging lufumene umsebenzi owenzayo xa abathathi-nxaxheba bebukele isicatshulwa esicacileyo sezesondo xa kuqhathaniswa nezinto ezingabonakaliyo zesini / izinto eziphathekayo. Ngoku sithemba ukuba i-striral striatum kufuneka iphendule kwi-pornography ekhethiweyo ngokuthelekiswa nemifanekiso engabonakaliyo yoononopopasho kunye nokuba umsebenzi we-ventral striatum kulo mzekelo ufanele uhambelane neempawu ezizimeleyo zokuxhatshazwa kwe-pornography. Siye safunda i-19 abathathi-nxaxheba besilisa abathandanayo nomfanekiso wesithombe kuquka izinto ezikhethiweyo ezikhethiweyo nezingabonwayo.
Imifanekiso esuka kwinqanaba elikhethiweyo libalwe njengento ephakanyisayo, engaphantsi kakubi, kwaye isondele ngakumbi. Impendulo ye-Ventral striatum yayinamandla kwiimeko ezikhethiweyo ezifaniswa nemifanekiso engakhethiweyo. Umsebenzi we-Ventral striatum kulo mlinganiso wawunxulumene neempawu ezizimeleyo ze-intanethi. Ubunzima bokuzibonakalisa obunzima bokubaluleka kwakuyiyo kuphela yongqinisiso oluphawulekayo ekuhlaziyeni ngokunyanisekileyo kunye neempembelelo ze-striatum njengezinto ezixhomekeke kuzo kunye nezibonakaliso ezizimeleyo zokuxhatshazwa kweentlobano zoonografi, ukuziphatha okuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo, ukuziphatha okubi, ukuxinezeleka, ukuqonda, kunye nokuziphatha ngokwesondo ezinsukwini zokugqibela njengoko . Iziphumo zixhasa indima ye-ventral striatum ekusebenziseni ukukulindela umvuzo kunye nokuxhaswa okuxhomekeke kwizinto eziphathekayo ezikhethiweyo eziphathekayo. Iinkqubo zokulindela umvuzo kwi-ventral striatum zinokufaka isandla kwisichazelo se-neural sokuba kutheni abantu abathile abanomdla kunye neengcamango zesondo basemngciphekweni wokulahlekelwa ukulawula kwabo kwi-intanethi yokusetyenziswa kwamanyala.
16) Ukuqwenela ngokukhawuleza ukukhwabanisa i-Pornography kunye nokuFundiswa kweNkcazo UkuXela iziThambeko kwi-Cyber Sex Addiction kwiSample of regular users of Cybersex (Snagkowski et al., 2016) -Ukuphinda uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde ukuba wenze lo nto, uphendule ngendlela efanelekileyo) Izicatshulwa:
Akukho mvumelwano malunga neendlela zokuxilonga ze-cyber sex addiction. Ezinye zihamba emva kokufana nokuxhomekeka kwezinto eziphathekayo, apho ukufunda okubambisanayo kuyindlela ebalulekileyo. Kule sifundo, i-86 indoda engatshatanga ngesondo iyagqiba iPavlovian Standard ukuya kwi-Instrumental Transfer Task eguqulelwe imifanekiso engamanyala ukuze iphande i-learning association kunye nokulutha kwe-cybersex. Ukongezelela, ukuthanda ngokuzimela ngenxa yokubukela imifanekiso yeentlobano zesini kunye nokunyamekela ukukhwabanisa i-cybersex. Iziphumo zibonise impembelelo yokuzimela ngokuzenzekelayo ekuthandeleni ukuxhatshazwa ngocansi lwe-inthanethi, i-moderation by learning association. Ngokubanzi, ezi ziphumo zibhekiselele kwinxaxheba ebalulekileyo yokufunda inxulumano ekuphuhliseni ukulutha kwe-cybersex, ngelixa kunika ubungqina obunzulu bokufana nokuxhomekeka kwezinto eziphathekayo kunye noxilongo lwe-cybersex. Ngesishwankathelo, iziphumo zophando lwangoku zibonisa ukuba ukufunda ngokubambisana kunokudlala indima ebalulekileyo malunga nokuphuhliswa kokulutha kwe-cybersex. Iziphumo zethu zibonelela ubungqina obuninzi bokufana nokuxhatshazwa kwe-cybersex kunye nokuxhomekeka kwezinto ezixhomekeke ekubeni iziphumo zenkanuko yokuziphendulela kunye nokufunda okudibeneyo kuboniswe.
17) Iimoya zitshintsha emva kokubukela iphonografi kwi-Intanethi zixhomekeke kwiimpawu ze-intanethi-i-pornography-ukujonga ingxaki (ILayer kunye neBrand, 2016) - [Iminqweno / uvakalelo olukhulu, ukuthanda okuncinci] - Amacatshulwa:
Iziphumo eziphambili zesifundo kukuba ukutyekela kwi-Intanethi ye-Intanethi ye-Pornography (IPD) yayinxulumene kakubi kunye nokuziva kakuhle, ukuvuka, nokuzola kunye nokuxhalabisa ngokubonakalayo kwimpilo yemihla ngemihla kunye nokukhuthaza ukusebenzisa i-intanethi ye-intanethi ngokubhekiselele ekufuneni kunye nokuphepha ngokweemvakalelo. Ukongezelela, ukutyekela kwi-IPD kwakunxulumene kakubi nemimoya ngaphambi nangemva kokubukela i-intanethi ye-intanethi kunye nokunyuka okwenyani nokuzola. Ubudlelwane phakathi kokuthambekela kwi-IPD kunye nolangazelelo lokufuna ngenxa ye-Intanethi-ukusetyenziswa kwe-ponografi kwakumodareyithwa kuvavanyo lwe-orgasm. Ngokubanzi, iziphumo zophononongo ziyahambelana nengcinga yokuba i-IPD inxulunyaniswa nenkuthazo yokufumana ukoneliseka ngokwesondo kunye nokuthintela okanye ukujamelana neemvakalelo eziphikisayo kunye nokucinga ukuba ukutshintsha kwemood kulandela ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwe-IPD (Cooper et al., 1999 kwaye I-Laier kunye neBrits, i-2014).
18) Iziganeko zokucwangcisa (iNgxaki) Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Intanethi Izinto ezicacileyo zesondo: Inxaxheba yesiThumo sokuThatshazwa ngokwesondo kunye neNdlela ecacileyo ukuThambekela kwizinto ezicacileyo zesondo (Stark et al., 2017) - [cueacac reactivity / sensitization / cravings] - Amacatshulwa:
Uphononongo lwangoku luphandwe ukuba iinjongo zesondo zesenzo kunye nokuziphatha okuthe ngqo kwizinto eziphathekayo ngokwesondo ziyi-predictors ye-SEM engxaki kunye nokusetyenziswa kwexesha eliqhelekileyo elijongene ne-SEM. Ngendlela yokuziphatha, sasebenzisa umsebenzi we-Approach-Avoidance Task (AAT) wokulinganisa ukuthambekela okuthe ngqo kwizinto zesini. Ulungelelwano oluhle phakathi kokuthambekela okuthe ngqo kwi-SEM kunye nexesha eliqhelekileyo elichithwa ekubukeni i-SEM linokucaciswa ngemiphumo engqalelo: Ukunyamekela okuthe ngqo kunokuthi kuchazwe njengengqalelo kwi-SEM. Isihloko esinokubaluleka kwimiba engathandabuzwayo sinokutsaliswa ngakumbi kwiinkcukacha zesondo kwi-Intanethi ngenxa yexesha elide elichithwe kwiziko le-SEM.
19) Iintlobo ze-intanethi-i-intanethi-sebenzisa ingxaki: Ukwahlukana kwamadoda nabasetyhini malunga nokunyanzeliswa kwezinto eziphathekayo zobulili (2018) -Ukuphinda ukwenze kwakhona / ukukhuthaza, ukuthanda ukuphucula). Izicatshulwa
Ababhali abaliqela bajonga i-Intanethi-iphonografi-sebenzisa ingxaki (IPD) njengengxaki yokulutha. Enye yeendlela eziye zafundwa nzulu kwizinto ezinengxaki yokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kunye nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi kukukhulisa umdla wokuthathela ingqalelo imikhwa enxulumene nokulutha. Ukuthathelwa ingqalelo kuthathelwa ingqalelo njengeenkqubo zokuqonda zomntu ngamnye ezichaphazeleka kukunxibelelana okunxulumene neziyobisi okubangelwa yimeko yenkuthazo yomgangatho ngokwawo. Kucingelwa kwimodeli ye-I-PACE yokuba kubantu abaqhelekileyo ekuphuhliseni iimpawu ze-IPD ezingaziwayo kunye nokusebenza kwakhona kunye nokunqwenela kuvela kunye nokwanda kwinkqubo yokulutha. Ukuphanda ngendima yokuqwalaselwa kwengqwalaselo kuphuhliso lwe-IPD, siphande isampulu yabathathi-nxaxheba abesilisa nabasetyhini abali-174. Umkhethe okhathaleleyo walinganiswa noMsebenzi woPhando oluBonakalayo, apho abathathi-nxaxheba kwafuneka baphendule kwiintolo ezivela emva kwemifanekiso engamanyala okanye engathathi hlangothi. Ukongeza, abathathi-nxaxheba kwafuneka babonakalise ukuvuswa kwabo ngokwesondo okubangelwa yimifanekiso engamanyala. Ngaphaya koko, ukutyekela kwi-IPD kwakulinganiswa kusetyenziswa uvavanyo olufutshane lwe-Internetsex Addiction. Iziphumo zolu phononongo zibonise ubudlelwane phakathi kwengqwalaselo yokuqwalaselwa kunye nobukrakra beempawu ze-IPD ngokuyinxenye eziphakathi zizalathi zokuphinda zisebenze kwakhona kunye nokunqwenela. Ngelixa amadoda nabasetyhini ngokubanzi behluka kumaxesha okuphendula ngenxa yemifanekiso engamanyala, uhlalutyo lokumodareyitha olulinganiselweyo luveze ukuba uthatho-nxaxheba olwenzeka ngokuzimeleyo ngaphandle kwesondo kwimeko yeempawu ze-IPD. Iziphumo zixhasa uqikelelo lwentetho yemodeli ye-I-PACE ngokubhekisele kwisikhuthazo sezinto ezinxulumene nokulutha kwaye ziyahambelana nezifundo zokujongana nokusebenza kwakhona kunye nokunqwenela ukuphazamiseka ekusebenziseni iziyobisi.
20) Umxholo kunye nokungahambi kombuso kwindoda enokutyekela kwi-intanethi-ukuphonononga i-pornography-ukusebenzisa izifo (I-Antons kunye neBrand, 2018) - [Iminqweno eyandisiweyo, imeko enkulu kunye nokuziphatha okungathandekiyo]. Izicatshulwa:
Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba ukungathandabuzeki komsebenzi kwakunxulumene nobunzima obuphezulu be-intanethi-iiporografi-ukusetyenziswa kweengxaki (IPD). Ngokukodwa abo bendoda abaneempembelelo eziphezulu kunye nesimo sengqondo sombuso kwiimeko zobunono bobugcisa be-stop-signal signal kunye nalabo abaneempembelelo eziphezulu ezibonisa iimpawu ezinzima ze-IPD.
Ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukuba zombini umgangatho kunye nokungahambi kombuso kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuhlisweni kwe-IPD. Ngokuhambelana nemimiselo emibili yeenkqubo likhoboka, iziphumo zingabonakalisa ukungalingani phakathi kweenkqubo ezingabonakaliyo kunye nezibonakaliso ezinokubangelwa zixhobo zoonobumba. Oku kungakhokelela ekulahlekelweni kolawulo kwi-intanethi-ukusetyenziswa koonografi kusetyenziswe imiphumo emibi.
Sivumelana "nomlutha obonakalayo" kungekhona ixesha elifanelekileyo kwaye elinokuba yingxaki enkulu. Ukusetyenziswa kwamanqaku apheleleyo e-CPUI-9 ekuchazeni "umlutha obonakalayo" akubonakali ukuba kufanelekile ukuba ezi zihlomelo ezintathu zivavanye ngokungafaniyo iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zokulutha. Umzekelo, ukukhangela akukwaneliswanga ngokwaneleyo (jonga ngasentla), umlutha awuchazwa ngamanyathelo / amanqanaba amaninzi (oku kuyahluka ngokubanzi kwiimeko zokusebenzisa izidakamizwa; jonga kwakhona ingxoxo ngobuninzi / amanani amanqanaba anxulumene namaqela e-CPUI-9 eFernandez okqhubekayo., 2017), kunye nezinye iinkalo ezinxulumene nezilingo aziqwalaselwanga ngokwaneleyo (umzekelo, ukuphazamiseka ubudlelwane, umsebenzi, isikolo). Imibuzo emininzi ye-CPUI-9, njengaleyo enxulumene nokukhathazeka kwengqondo kwaye ivela kwiimilinganiselo ezixhomekeke kwimilinganiselo yokuziphatha / yenkolo, ayilinxulumani kakuhle kunye nezimbini ezinxulumene kakhulu kunye neCPII-9 ezixhomekeke ekunyanzeleni nasekufikeleleni (Grubbs et al. , U 2015a). Ngenxa yoko, abanye abaphandi (umzekelo, uFernandez et al., 2017) zathi, "ukufunyaniswa kwethu kubangela ukungathandabuzeki ngokufaneleka koxinzelelo lwe-Emotional Distress subscale njengenxalenye ye-CPUI-9," ngokukodwa njengenxalenye yoxinzelelo lwengqondo ehlala ingabonakali ulwalamano nobungakanani bokusetyenziswa kwezithombe ezingcolileyo. Ukuqhubela phambili, ukufakwa kwezi zinto kwinqanaba elichaza "umlutha obonakalayo" kunokubangela ukufunyanwa kukunciphisa igalelo ekufunyaneni ukunyanzeliswa nokunyanzeliswa kwegalelo lokuziphatha okungabonakaliyo (Grubbs et al., 2015a). Nangona le nkcazelo ingabonelela ngenkxaso yokuhlukaniswa kwezi zinto kwabanye abakwizinga (mhlawumbi ekuxhaseni imodeli ecetywayo), izinto zijolise kuphela xa ziziva zigula, zihlazo, okanye zixineke xa zibukela iphonografi. Iimvakalelo ezimbi zimelela kuphela i-subset echaphazelekayo yeziphumo ezinxulumene ne-intanethi-ukusetyenziswa koonografi, kunye nezinto ezixhomekeke ngokucacileyo kwiinkalo ezithile zeenkolelo zonqulo. Ukuxhatshaza ukusetyenziswa komlutha kunye ne-PPMI, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ungaboni nje kuphela kwicala lePPMI, kodwa kunye nokusebenzisana phakathi kweendlela zokusebenzisa umlutha okanye ukusetyenziswa kakubi kunye nalabo abanegalelo kwi-PPMI ukwenzela ukuba baqonde kangcono le miqathango mibini nokuba ngaba, hlukile. Grubbs et al. (I2018) (ngecandelo: "Kuthiwani ngendlela yesithathu?") ukuba kukho enye indlela engaphezulu yeengxaki ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa kweentlotiki, nto leyo inokudibanisa nokufumana "i-dysregulation yenjongo" kunye ne-PPMI kanyekanye. Siphikisa ukuba ukudibanisa zombini iindlela ezingahle kube yinto yesithathu, kodwa mhlawumbi isisombululo esichaza "iimbini" iingxaki zokusetyenziswa kweentlotiki. Ngamanye amazwi, sichaza ukuba ezinye iinkqubo ezinxulumene neziyobisi kunye nezizathu zokukhuthaza zikwazi ukusebenza kwi-PPMI kunye "nokusetyenziswa okudityanisiweyo." Oku kufana nokuba ixesha elichithwe ukubukela iifotoliyo lingahluka ngokuphathelele ukuvelisa uxinzelelo okanye ukuphazamiseka kwi-PPMI kunye " ukusetyenziswa kakubi. "" Kwiimeko zombini, "imifanekiso engamanyala isetyenziselwa okungakumbi kunokubangela ukuba kube nemiphumo emibi kunye noxinzelelo, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwezithombe ezingamanyala kuqhutyelwa ngaphandle kwemiphumo emibi. Iinkqubo zengqondo eziphantsi kokusetyenziswa okunjalo zinokufana, kwaye ezi zifanele ziphandwe ngeenkcukacha ezingakumbi.
22) Iimpawu zokungahambi kunye nemibandela ehambelana phakathi kokuzonwabisa kunye nokungalawulwa ngokungafaniyo kwe-intanethi ye-intanethi (uStephanie et al., 2019) - [izifiso eziphuculweyo, ukuphuculwa okukhulu kwexesha lokunciphisa (ukuzenzisa), ukuhlala). Amacatshulwa:
Ngenxa yobuninzi bobugcisa, i-intanethi ye-intanethi (i-IP) yinjongo elandelwe ngaphambili yokuziphatha kakubi. Ukwakhiwa kwemiba enxulumene nompembelelo kuye kwachongwa njengabagqugquzeli bokuziphatha kakubi. Kule sifundo, sihlolisise ukuthambekela okungathandabuzekiyo (ukungahambi kakuhle, ukulibaziseka ukuphuculwa, kunye nendlela yokuqonda), ukukhanga kwi-IP, isimo sengqondo malunga ne-IP kunye neendlela zokuxhatshaza kubantu abasebenzisa i-IP ngokuzonwabisa, ngezikhathi ezithile zokuzonwabisa. Amaqela abantu abasebenzisa ukuzonwabisa-ngezikhathi ezithile (n = 333), ukuzonwabisa-ukusetyenziswa rhoqo (n = 394), kunye nokusetyenziswa okungalawulwayo (n = 225) ye-IP yachongwa ngezixhobo zovavanyo.
Abantu abanokusetyenziswa ngokungagunyaziswanga babonisa amanqaku aphezulu ekufuneni, ukunyamekela, ukulibaziseka ukuphuculwa, kunye nokujongana nokungasebenzi, kunye namanqaku aphantsi ekusebenziseni ukusebenza kunye nokufuna ukuqonda. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba ezinye iinkalo zobungqina kunye nemibandela enxulumene nokuthanda kunye nesimo sengqondo esichaphazelekayo sisodwa kubasebenzisi be-IP abangalawulwa. Iziphumo nazo zihambelana nemifanekiso kwiinkalo ezithile zokusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi kunye nokuziphatha okuluthayo .... Ukongezelela, abantu abanokusetyenziswa kwe-IP ngokungagunyaziswanga babe nesimo sengqondo esingathandeki ngakumbi kwi-IP xa kuthelekiswa nabasebenzisi bokuzonwabisa abaqhelekileyo. Esi siphumo singasiphakamisa ukuba abantu abane-usetyenziso lwe-IP abangalawulwa ngokungagunyazisiyo banokukhuthaza okanye bakhuthaze ukusebenzisa i-IP, nangona banokuba nesimo sengqondo esifanelekileyo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwe-IP, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba sele befumene imiphumo emibi ehambelana nendlela yokusetyenziswa kwe-IP. Oku kuyahambelana ne-incentive-sensitization theory of addiction (IBerridge kunye neRobinson, 2016), ephakamisa ukutshintsha ukusuka ekuthandeni ukufuna ngexesha loxhatshazo.
Umphumo obangel 'umdla kukuba ukuba ubungakanani besiphumo seemvavanyo zithuba emva kweeseshoni ngeseshoni, xa kuthelekiswa nabasebenzisi abangabhalwanga ngabasebenzisi bexesha lokuzonwabisa, bekuninzi xa kuthelekiswa nevama ngeveki. Oku kungabonisa ukuba abantu abanokusetyenziswa kwe-IP ngokungagunyazisiyo banenkxalabo yokuyeka ukubukela i-IP ngexesha leseshoni okanye badinga ixesha elide ukufezekisa umvuzo oyifunayo, onokufaniswa nehlobo lokunyamezela kwiimeko zokusebenzisa izidakamizwa. Oku kuyahambelana neziphumo ezivela kuvavanyo lwedayari, oluye lwabonisa ukuba ibhola yezononografi yenye yezona zinto ziphatha ngayo abantu abafuna unyango ngokuziphatha okunyanzelekileyo ngokwesondo (ILizwiecha et al., 2018).
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Intanethi-ukungcola (i-IP) ibonakaliswe ngokulawulwa kokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-IP kunye nokusetyenziswa okuqhubekayo kunye nemiphumo emibi. Kukho ubungqina bokuthi umnqweno unxibelelanisa umphumo wobunzima beempawu zokusetyenziswa kwe-IP engalawulwa phantsi kwemali yokusetyenziswa kwe-IP. Izitayela zokujamelana ezisemgangathweni zingancedisa abantu ukuba baphinde balawulwe ngokuziphatha kwabo ngokubhekiselele ekukhangekeni. Oku kuphakamisa umbuzo ukuba impembelelo yokufuna ukusetyenziswa kwe-IP imodareyithwa ngamagcisa okusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kubantu abanezinga elingafaniyo lokusetyenziswa kwe-IP engalawulwa.
Ngokubanzi, i-1498 yabesilisa kunye nabesilisa abasebenzisa i-IP bathathe inxaxheba kwolu vavanyo lwe-intanethi. Abathathi-nxaxheba babonise inani labo lokusetyenziswa kwe-IP, ubunzima be-symptom yokusetyenziswa kwe-IP engalawulwayo, iindlela zokusebenzisana kunye nokuthanda kwabo kwi-IP.
I-mediation mediation ibonakalise ukuba ubunzima beempawu zokusetyenziswa kwe-IP ezingavunyelwanga kumadoda angama-sexesterual sexually related to the use of IP. Esi siphumo sagxininiswa ngokufunwa kunye nesiphumo sokufuna ukusetyenziswa kwe-IP yanyathelwa yimigangatho yokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo.
24) Ithiyori, ukuthintela, kunye nonyango lokusebenzisa iphonografi (2019)
intshayelelo Isithintelo sokuziphatha ngokwesondo okunyanzelekileyo, kubandakanya ingxaki yokusebenzisa iphonografi, ibandakanyiwe kwi-ICD-11 njengengxaki yokulawula ukunganyanzelekanga. Imigaqo yokuqonda le ngxaki, nangona kunjalo, ifana kakhulu neendlela zokuphazamiseka ngenxa yokuziphatha okuluthayo, umzekelo, izenzo eziphindaphindiweyo zesondo ziyeyona nto kugxilwe kuyo ebomini bomntu, imizamo engaphumelelanga yokunciphisa kakhulu ukuphindana kwezesondo kunye nokuziphatha okuphindaphindiweyo ngokwesini nangona Ukufumana iziphumo ezibi (WHO, 2019). Uninzi lwabaphandi kunye neeklinikhi baphikisa ukuba ukusebenzisa iphonografi okuyingxaki kunokuthathwa njengento enokuziphatha.
tindlela Ngokusekwe kwimigqaliselo yethiyori, izifundo ezixhasayo ziyavavanywa kuthathwa umbuzo ukuba ngaba ezona mpawu ziphambili kunye neenkqubo ezichaphazelekayo ekuziphatheni okubi okwenzekayo nazo ziyajongwa ekusebenziseni ingxaki ezingamanyala.
iziphumo Ukusebenza kwakhona kunye nokunqwenela ngokudibeneyo kunye nolawulo lwe-inhibitory oluncitshisiweyo, ukuqonda okuqinisekileyo (umz. Iindlela zokuthambekela) kunye nokufumana ukwaneliseka kunye nembuyekezo enxulumene nokusebenzisa iphonografi ibonakalisiwe kubantu abaneempawu zokuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa iphonografi. Izifundo ze-Neurosci science ziqinisekisa ukubandakanyeka kwezijikelezo zobuchopho ezinxulumene neziyobisi, kubandakanya i-ventral striatum kunye nezinye iindawo ze-loonto e-stonto-striatal, kuphuhliso kunye nokugcinwa kokusetyenziswa kwengxaki yamanyala. Iingxelo ngemeko kunye nezifundo ezingqina ubungqina bemeko zibonisa ukusebenza kokungenelela kosokhemesti, umzekelo, i-opioid antagonist naltrexone, ekunyangeni abantu abanengxaki yokusebenzisa iphonografi kunye nokuziphatha okunyanzelekileyo ngokwesini. Izilingo zekliniki ezilawulwa ngokungekho mthethweni ziyafuneka ukubonisa imiphumo yexesha elide yokungenelela kweyeza. Izifundo ezilandelanayo ngokusebenza kweendlela zokuthintela ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwezinto ezingamanyala azisekho, kodwa isihloko esibaluleke kakhulu sophando kunye nokuziqhelanisa nexesha elizayo.
isiphelo Ukuqwalaselwa kwethiyori kunye nobungqina obunamandla bubonisa ukuba iindlela zengqondo kunye ne-neurobiological ezichaphazelekayo ekuphazamiseni umlutha ziyasebenza nasekuphazanyisweni kokusebenzisa iphonografi. Inkqubo yezifundo ezichaphazela iindlela zokungenelela ezinokubakho ngomnye wemiceli mngeni ophambili kuphando oluzayo olunikezela ubungqina kuthintelo olusekwe kubungqina kunye nonyango lokuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa iphonografi.
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