EZIPHAKATHI: Izifundo ezininzi ziye zashicilelwa ekubeni eli nqaku libhalwa. Khangela oku Uluhlu lweIntanethi kunye neMidlalo yeVidiyo ingqondo Studies.
- Ukuphazamiseka kwemidlalo kuchazwe kwisiqulunqo I-11th Ukuhlaziywa koHlelo lweSizwe lweZifo (ICD-11)
- Eyona ncwadi isetyenziswa kakhulu kwihlabathi yokuxilonga, Ulwahlulo lwaMazwe ngamazwe (ICD-11), iqulethe uvavanyo olutsha ezifanele ukuxhatshazwa koonwabo: "Ukuxhatshazwa kwezesondo ngokunyanisekileyo. "(2018)
- Umlingo woTywala / wesondo? Eli phepha liluhlu Izifundo ze-39 ze-neuroscience (I-MRI, i-FMRI, i-EEG, i-neuropsychological, i-hormonal). Banikela ngenkxaso enamandla kwimodeli yoxilongo njengoko iziphumo zabo zibonakalisa iziphumo zeengqondo ezichazwe kwizifundo zokuxhatshaliswa kweziyobisi.
- Iingcamango zangempela zeengcali zoononongo / isondo? Olu luhlu luqulethe 16 Ukuphononongwa koncwadi kwangoku kunye neenkcazo ngenye yezinzulu zenzululwazi kwihlabathi. Yonke inkxaso ngenkxaso yomzobo.
- Iimpawu zokuxhatshazwa kunye nokunyuka kwamanqaku angaphezulu? Ngaphezulu kwezifundo ze-30 zokunika ingxelo ezifunyenweyo ezihambelana nokwanda kokusetyenziswa kwe-porn (ukunyamezelana), ukuhlala kwi-porn, kunye neempawu zokurhoxa (zonke iimpawu kunye neempawu ezinxulumene nomlutha).
- Ukuxubusha ingongoma engathethiweyo yokuthetha "inqweno yesini ephakamileyo" ichaza ukuxhatshazwa koonobumba okanye ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesini: Ubuncinci izifundo ze-25 zikhohlisa ibango lokuba isini kunye neziyobisi ezingamanyala "banomnqweno ophezulu wesondo"
- Iiduna kunye neengxaki zesondo? Olu luhlu luqukethe izifundo ze-26 ezidibanisa ukusetyenziswa koonwabo / ukuxhatshazwa koononophelo kwiingxaki zesini kunye nokwenyuka kokunciphisa isisombululo sezesondo. I fIzifundo ze-5 ziluhlu lubonisa bangela, njengabathathi-nxaxheba baqhelise ukusetyenziswa koononophelo kunye nokuphulukisa izifo ezingasinikiyo zesondo.
- Imiphumo yeSigxina kwimibutho? Izifundo eziphantse ze-60 zidibanisa ukusetyenziswa koononophelo ukuya kwisini esincinci kunye nolwaneliseko lobuhlobo. (Ngokuba sifuna zonke Izifundo ezibandakanya abesilisa ziye zaxela ukusetyenziswa koononophelo olunxulumene nalo zihlwempu zesini okanye ukwaneliseka kobudlelwane.)
- Ukusetyenziswa koonobumba kunokuchaphazela impilo yengqondo nengqondo? Ngaphezulu kwezifundo ze-55 ezinxibelelanisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-porn nakwimpilo yengqondo-yeemvakalelo kunye neziphumo ezibi zokuqonda.
- Ukusetyenziswa koonobumba kunokuchaphazela iinkolelo, iingcinga kunye nokuziphatha? Hlola uphando lomntu ngamnye Izifundo ze-25 zidibanisa ukusetyenziswa koononophelo "kwiingcamango ezingafaniyo" malunga nabasetyhini kunye neengcamango zesondo - okanye isishwankathelo kule mvavanyo-meta ye-2016: Imidiya kunye nokuSondo: I-State of Research Empirical, 1995-2015.
Ukuba umdlalo we-intanethi udala izidakamizwa, ungazifumana njani i-intanethi ye-intanethi?
Nazi ezinye iindaba eziphambili kuye nabani na oqeqeshwe ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi kungenabungozi: Ubungqina obuphathekayo beenkqubo zokulutha umlingo bubonisa ubuchwephesha beevidiyo ze-Intanethi ezithandayo. Ngaphezu koko, ukusetyenziswa kwe-online erotica has kunokwenzeka ukuba kube nzima kunokudlala kwe-intanethi ngokubhekiselele kubaphandi baseDutch.
Ngokutsho kwenhloko kaNIDA uNora Volkow, MD, kunye neqela lakhe kulezi zinguqu ezintathu ichaza umluthaukungafuneki (ukuphazamiseka kwimpendulo yovuyo yengqondo), uvakalelo kunye nokuzithemba. Olu tshintsho lwengqondo lufanayo (olubonisa ngoku ukuba likhoboka le-Intanethi) zikwabonisa ngaphakathi abadlali begembula nabaxhaphazi beziyobisi.
Umzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kwecocaine kwizikhukula zomvuzo wokujikeleza kwengqondo kunye ne-dopamine. Iiseli zemithambo-luvo ziyaphendula, ngaphezulu okanye kancinci ngokukhawuleza, ngokunciphisa ukuphendula kwazo kwi-dopamine. Ngenxa yoko, abanye abasebenzisi baziva "becimile" (ukungafuneki). Bafuna ukukhuthazwa okukhulu (ukunyamezela), kwaye banamathele ukunyamekela iimfuno, ukunyanzelisa kunye nokuziphatha okwabaluleka kubo.
Kwangelo xesha, ngenxa yokuba iingqondo zabo zirekhodile ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwecocaine kuvakala kulungile, bakhula benovakalelo kuyo nantoni na abayidibanisa necocaine. Umgubo omhlophe, igama elithi "ikhephu," ubumelwane apho babetshaya khona, okanye abahlobo ababesebenzisa nabo konke kuya kubangela ukukhutshwa kwe-dopamine ephezulu kwisekethe yomvuzo, ukuqhuba ukuba basebenzise (ku khuthazwa). Kwakhona, ΔFosB, iprotheni ekunceda ukugcina izinto ezinzulu kunye nokukhuthaza ukuphindaphinda, iqokelela kwiindawo eziphambili zeengqondo. Ngokweqile, i-DFF ibuye ibuyele kwimisebenzi yesondo. (ΔFosB yinto ebhaliweyo, eyenza i-activation kwaye ivimbele iizakhi ezithile zokutshintshisana nokuxhumana)
Ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwecocaine okunzima kuyaqhubeka, ukungafuneki kwesekethe yomvuzo kunciphisa imisebenzi ehambelana nayo kwi-lobes yangaphambili yeengqondo zabo. Ngoku, amandla abasebenzisi okulawula iimpembelelo kunye nokwenza ukhetho oluvakalayo lube buthathaka, kwaye i-cortex yabo yangaphambili inokuthi i-atrophy (ukungazenzisi). Ukuthatyathwa kunye, ukunciphisa impendulo yokuzonwabisa, ukukhangela iimfuno zokusebenzisa, kunye nokulawulwa komgudu wokunyanzelisa umbane wokutsala.
Izilingo zokuziphatha
Uphononongo lweziyobisi ezingezizo iziyobisi luselintsha. Ukanti sele iingcali zibutyhilile ubungqina obubonakalayo bokuba iinguqu ezigqithileyo zemivuzo yendalo zinokutshintsha ingqondo ngeendlela ezenziwa ngamachiza. "Imivuzo yendalo" yimisebenzi / zizinto ezisilukuhlayo kuba zikhuthaze ukusinda kookhokho bethu, okanye ukusinda kwemfuza yabo.
Ngapha koko, ayisiyonto incinci nje eneengxaki esele zikhona ezisemngciphekweni. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ubuchopho obuphilileyo bunokutshintsha. Utshilo oneminyaka engama-37 ubudala, "Ukuqala kwam ukubukela iphonografi kwi-Intanethi ndineminyaka eyi-35, ndaziva ngathi ndiza kuba ne-orgasm ngaphandle kolwakhiwo. Yimpembelelo enamandla endinayo kum. ”
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, nali ikhadi lokufumana amanqaku. (Imihla ibonakalisa xa uphando lokuvavanywa kwengqondo lujika ubungqina bokugqibela kwezi nguqu zintathu zotshintsho olunxulumene notywala.)
- Ukungcakaza okungapheliyo - kufundwe iminyaka eyi-10, kwaye kongezwe kwi-DSM-5 ezayo njengomlutha (2010)
- Ukutya iziyobisi - (2010)
- Ividiyo ye-Intanethi yokudlala umdlalo- (2011)
- Iziyobisi ezikwi-Intanethi- nangoku afundanga ngeengcamango zobuchopho
Ngokuqinisekileyo, isizathu sokuba iinjongo ze-intanethi zidibanise umlingo wokudlala, kungekhona i-porn, kukuba zenziwe kumazwe avimbela ukufikelela kwiisayithi ze-pornography-Kwaye iminyaka (China, 2006 kunye Korea, 2007). Ngokungafaniyo namanye amazwe, abanabasebenzisi abanzima be-porn.
Nazi iziphumo ezibonisa ezintathu zinguqu ezibalulekileyo, ezitshintshileyo kubomi be-intlanzi ye-intanethi (ezimbini zikhutshwe ngoJuni, i-2011):
- Impendulo yokuzonwabisa Ukunciphisa i-D2 i-receptors ye-DXNUMX i-marker eyona nto iphambili yokuchithwa kwe-circuit circuitry, umqondiso wezo zonke izilingo. Kule ngxelo yophando lwe-PET yamadoda kunye nokungenawo umlutha we-intanethi wafaniswa.
I-Dopamine yama-Dopamine e-Reduced Dopamine Abamukeli be-D2 kubantu abane-Addiction Internet (2011)
"Inani elandayo lophando licebise ukuba umlutha we-Intanethi unxulunyaniswa nokungaqhelekanga kwinkqubo yengqondo yedopaminergic… [Kolu phononongo] abantu abanomlutha we-Intanethi babonakalise ukunciphisa amanqanaba okufumaneka kwe-dopamine D2 receptor."
- Sensitization: Kule sifundo, abafundi beekholeji badlala imidlalo yevidiyo ye-Intanethi kwiiveki ze-6. Iimvavanyo zenziwa ngaphambi nangemva. Ezi zifundo ezinomnqweno ophezulu zineengxaki ezininzi kwiibongo zazo ezibonisa inkqubo yokuqala yokulahla. Iqela elilawulayo, elidlala umdlalo omncinci ongaphantsi, ayengenako utshintsho obunjalo.
Utshintsho kwiCuex Preferenceal Cortex Umsebenzi nge-Play Game Play (2010)
"Olu tshintsho kwimidlalo ye-lobe yangaphambili kunye nokudlalwa kwemidlalo yevidiyo kusenokufana nezo zabonwa kumanqanaba okuqala okulutha. ”
- Ubuthakathaka: Kulo cwaningo, abaphandi bafumene ukunciphisa kwe-10-20% kwimeko ebomvu ye-cortex ebuntwaneni abaselula kunye noxilongo lwe-Intanethi. Uphando olwenziwe kwezinye izilingo sele lusekwe ukuba ukuncipha kwimiba ebomvu yangaphambili kunye nokusebenza ukunciphisa kokubili ukulawula okuphazamisayo kunye nokukwazi ukubona kwangaphambili imiphumo.
I-Microstructure engaqhelekanga kwi-Adolescents nge-Addiction Disorder Disorder. (2011)
Ubukho bolawulo lokuqonda okungakhuli kakuhle, kwenza [ixesha lokufikisa] ixesha lokuba sesichengeni kunye nohlengahlengiso, kwaye kunokubangela imeko ephezulu yokuphazamiseka okuchaphazeleka kunye nokuba likhoboka kulutsha. Njengenye yeengxaki zempilo yengqondo phakathi kolutsha lwaseTshayina, ingxaki yokulutha kwi-intanethi (IAD) ngoku iya isiba mandundu ngakumbi. … Izinga leziganeko zokulutha kwi-intanethi kulutsha lwaseTshayina malunga ne-14%. … Ezi ziphumo zibonise ukuba njengokuba ikhoboka le-intanethi liqhubeka, ingqondo yengqondo ... yayinzulu ngakumbi. ” (Jonga oku ukufundwa kweShayina kwangaphambili.)
Ukuzonwabisa nge-porn kunye nevidiyo kumdlalo kuvuselela ingqondo ngendlela efana
Thelekisa ezi zicatshulwa ezimbini. Yintoni ekubhekiselele kumlingo we-porn kunye nokubhekiselele kumdlalo wokulutha?
Asisabelani ngesondo kwakhona. Asihambi ngobusuku bomhla okanye nantoni na kunye. Ndiziva ndinetyala kuba andisakwazi ukuyithatha kwakhona. Oko iiveki ezi2 sitshatile bendimoyikisela ngokumlahla.
Abahlobo bam abathathu baqonda ukuba banengxaki, kodwa aba-2 kubo bathi bazamile ukuyeka, kwaye bacinga ukuba akukho nto banokuyenza ngayo. *
Iimpawu ezenza i-intanethi kunye nevidiyo ye-intanethi ethandwa kakhulu yiyo enye iimpawu ezinikela zombini amandla okudambisa i-dopamine kwezinye iibongo. Inveli kwaye 'isicuphulo esiphulaphula ukulindelaZombini zikhupha i-dopamine, zithumela kwingqondo umyalezo wokuba lo msebenzi ubaluleke ngaphezu koku. Imidlalo yevidiyo ephumeleleyo ihambisa umlilo okhawulezileyo wazo zombini izinto ezimangalisayo kunye nokothuka. Isizukulwana ngasinye esitsha semidlalo sidlula esokugqibela kwezi nkalo.
Iphonografi yanamhlanje ikwahambisa zombini, kwaye ihlala ibahlaziya. Kukho ubutsha obungenasiphelo kunye nenye into ekhwankqisayo esoloko icofa ngaphaya konqakrazo olulandelayo. Kukho nedopamine ekhutshwe ngu "mzingeli" wefoto efanelekileyo. Inoveli, ukothuka kunye nokuzingela kufunxa ingqalelo yomsebenzisi kuba ziphakamisa amanqanaba e-dopamine. Ukugxininisa okukhulu kuvumela abasebenzisi ukuba babambe ngaphezulu kweendlela zabo zokuhlutha kwindalo kwaye, rhoqo, ukubuyisela ubuchopho babo ngeendlela ezithatha iinzame ezininzi zokuzilungisa. Iziyobisi "kukufunda ngezifo."
Abadlala umdlalo we-Intanethi ngamanye amaxesha babizwa ngokuba zii “adrenaline junkies.” Nangona kunjalo, i-adrenaline (ekhutshwa kwiidrenal gland) ibonakala inefuthe elincinci kwiinkqubo zokulutha. I-Dopamine, hayi i-adrenaline, isentliziyweni yazo zonke iziyobisi. Uloyiko kunye noxinzelelo zinokuphucula iinkqubo zokulutha ngenxa yeekhemikhali ze-neurochemicals ezikhutshwe kwingqondo (njenge-norepinephrine), kodwa azenzi unobangela ezo nkqubo.
Izicatshulwa zesondo zingaba nzima ngaphezu kwemisebenzi yokudlala
Imfazwe yokuhlekisa kunye nemibuzo eyingozi ngokungathandabuzekiyo yayiyeyona nto iphambili kwizinyanya zethu. Kungenxa yoko le nto sifumanisa ukuba umdlalo unomvuzo ngokwaneleyo ukuba ungabanjiswa. Okwangoku ukuvelisa yeyona nto iphambili kuthi. Njengokutya, isini kubalulekile kwimpumelelo yemfuzo.
Ngokuphathelele kwimiphumo ebuchosheni, ukusetyenziswa koononophelo lwe-intanethi kudibanisa izinto ezidliwayo kwaye Ukuvuselelwa rhoqo kwemidlalo yevidiyo. Njengokutya okungenamsoco, i-Intanethi erotica yinguqulelo yoxinzelelo lwento esivele ukuba siyixabise kakhulu. I-erotica yanamhlanje ikwahanjiswa ngomlilo okhawulezayo, ophakathi, ofana kakhulu nemidlalo yevidiyo ekwi-intanethi. I-whammy ephindwe kabini ngokubhekiselele kumlutha.
Kufanelekile ukuba uqwalasele ukuba yintoni abaphandi bengqondo abayifundileyo malunga nokutya. Xa iigundane zazinokufikelela okungenamda kukutya okutyela, phantse zonke zabonisa ukwehla okukhawulezileyo kwi-D2 (dopamine) ii-receptors (impendulo yolonwabo olungenanjongo), emva koko binged to fetes. Ukwala kwe-D2-receptor ngokubonakalayo kukhuthaza izilwanyana kuthatha ubuninzi ngangokunokwenzeka ngelixa ukufumana okulungileyo-ingaba kukutya okuphezulu kwekhalori okanye ukuthanda.
Gcina ukhumbula ukuba uhlobo lokutya olungenamda lokukhuthaza ukutya yayingeyiyo eyesiqhelo ngexesha lokuvela kwethu, kude kube kutshanje. Kungenxa yoko ukufikelela okungenamda kukutya okungekho mpilweni kuyingozi kwiigundane nakubantu. Ukunqakraza ngaphandle kwamandla kumakhulu ashushu, amaqabane amanoveli ikwangumbono wokuzivelela kwezinto, kwaye i-9 kwabali-10 yamadoda asebudala bekholeji usebenzisa i-intanethi emithathu kwiminyaka edlulileyo. Inobungozi, enikezwe ukunyaniseka kwayo. Kwakhona, kubuyiselwa. Xa abasebenzisi abanobunzima beyeka i-porno, baxela ukonwaba okwenyuka kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi (ngokuphindaphindiweyo emva kokubuhlungu rhoxiswa).
Buyela ekudleni. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, abaphandi bobuchopho baye baphinda bafaka ubungqina beenkqubo ezintathu eziphambili zoxilongo kwiibongo zabantu abadla ngokutya:
- Impendulo yokuzonwabisa Isifundo se-2010 ibonakalise ukuba ukutya kakhulu kutyibilikisa isekethe yomvuzo, ukwandisa umngcipheko wokufumana ubunzima kwixesha elizayo. Emva kweenyanga ezi-6, iingqondo zabo babetye ukutya okumnandi ngakumbi (okt ukutyeba ngakumbi) kubonise impendulo encinci kulonwabo kunabanye.
- Sensitization: Isifundo se-2011 ifumanise ukuba abo bafumana amanqaku aphezulu kuvavanyo lokutya (ukusebenza kwengqondo ekuphenduleni imifanekiso yokutya) babonisa iimpendulo zobuchopho ezifanayo kwiimpendulo zamakhoboka eziyobisi.
- Ubuthakathaka: Isifundo se-2006 kutyhilwe ukuba abantu abatyebe kakhulu baneengxaki zobuchopho kwiindawo ezinxulunyaniswa nokungcamla, ukuzeyisa, kunye nomvuzo-kubandakanya ukunciphisa izinto ezingwevu kwii-lobes zangaphambili (atrophy). Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukutya kakhulu kunokubangela olu tshintsho, njengoko isifundo esichazwe apha ngasentla siqinisekisile utshintsho lweengqondo kukutya kakhulu.
Ukuba ukugqithisa ngokutya ngokutya okunomdla kakhulu kunokubangela ukuba utshintsho lwabomi lube ngabantu abaninzi (i-30% yamaMerika aphelile, kwaye kuphela malunga ne-10% ngenxa yezinto ezingaqhelekanga ngokwempawu ze-neuroscientist David Linden), kunokwenzeka njani ukuba ukunyusa ngokugqithiseleyo nge-intanethi ye-intanethi ayikwazi ukuguqula ubuchopho? Ukusetyenziswa koononophelo lwe-intanethi / i-cybersex ngokuqinisekileyo ayikhuthazi ngaphantsi kokutya okulingayo.
Ngaba imbali iphinda iphinda?
Imbali igcwele imizekelo "yolwazi oluqhelekileyo" oluye lwavela lwangachananga kuphando. Cinga ngeargarine. Wonke umntu "wayesazi" kwakungcono kuwe kunebhotela. Iingcali bezithembile ngale "nyaniso," kangangokuba khange bayvavanye kangangeminyaka, kwaye bahlala becebisa abantu ukuba bathathe imajarini endaweni yebhotolo.
Ekugqibeleni, iingcali zavavanya impilo yegargarine. Kuvela ukuba i-acids fat-acids (efumaneka kwi-margarine) iphakathi kwayo yingozi kakhulu amafutha. Zibi kakhulu kubantu kunokuba ibhotela.
Abagxeki banokuthi "ayiyenzululwazi" ukucebisa ukuba i-intanethi ye-intanethi ingabangela iinkqubo zokuxhatshazwa kwengqondo ngenxa yokuba umlutha we-intanethi ngokucacileyo. Ngokwenyani, ayiyenzululwazi ukucebisa ukubuyela umva. bonke iziyobisi, kubandakanya nokuziphatha (ukungcakaza, ukutya, imidlalo yevidiyo) kubonisa ukungaziphathi kakuhle (i-atrophy kunye nokusilela kolawulo lwempembelelo). Ngeliphandle, zeziphi abagxeki ngoku ekufuneka bezibonisile, ubungqina bobunzululwazi obubonisa ukuba likhoboka le-Intanethi elichasene nomthetho ngaphandle komthetho. Ukucebisa ukuba kusekho ukungathandabuzeki malunga nokulutha kwayo akunasayensi, njengoko kucingelwa ukuba kufanelekile ukuba kubekho olunye ubuchwephesha bokusebenzisa iphonografi engekafumaneki.
Ukwabelana ngesondo kuphephile, kodwa ukucinga ukuba ukusebenzisa i-intanethi kukhuselekile kuya kuba nzima.
* Iingxelo zokuqala ziphathelene nokulutha kwezemidlalo, okwesibini malunga nokulutha koonwabo.
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