Uphando oluPhezulu kunye neNqaku malunga neZifundo

Ngaphantsi kwesi saziso esiluninzi kunamacandelo amanqaku aneengxelo ezifanelekileyo.

Uphando olufanelekileyo - okokuqala sinoluhlu lwezifundo ezibonelela ngenkxaso yamabango enziwe yiYBOP. (Jonga Izifundo ezithandabuzekayo nezilahlekisayo kumaphepha apapashwe kakhulu awanjalo abo bathi bangabikho.):

  1. Umlingo woTywala / wesondo? Eli phepha liluhlu Izifundo ze-59 ze-neuroscience (I-MRI, i-fMRI, i-EEG, i-neuropsychological, i-hormonal). Konke kodwa inye inika inkxaso kwimodeli yokulutha njengoko iziphumo zabo zibonakalisa iziphumo zengqondo ezichazwe kwizifundo zokulutha iziyobisi.
  2. Iingcamango zangempela zeengcali zoononongo / isondo? Olu luhlu luqulethe I-34 yakutshanje ye-neuroscience esekwe kuncwadi kunye neenkcazo ngenye yezinzulu zenzululwazi kwihlabathi. Yonke inkxaso ngenkxaso yomzobo.
  3. Iimpawu zokuxhatshazwa kunye nokunyuka kwamanqaku angaphezulu? Izifundo ezingaphezu kwe-60 zokubika iziphumo zihambelane nokukhula kwezilwanyana (ukunyamezela), ukuhlala kwimiba yezononophelo, kunye nokukhutshwa kweempawu (Zonke iimpawu kunye neempawu ezinxulumene nokulutha). Iphepha elongezelelweyo kunye Izifundo ezili-14 ezixela iimpawu zokurhoxa kubasebenzisi be-porn.
  4. Ukuxilongwa ngokusemthethweni? Incwadi yokusetyenziswa kwezifo zonyango ngokubanzi, Ulwahlulo lwaMazwe ngamazwe (ICD-11), iqulethe uvavanyo olutsha ezifanele ukuxhatshazwa koonwabo: "Ukuxhatshazwa kwezesondo zoMzimba. "
  5. Ukuxubusha ingongoma engathethiweyo yokuthetha "inqweno yesini ephakamileyo" ichaza ukuxhatshazwa koonobumba okanye ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesini: Ngaphezulu kwezifundo ze-25 zikhohlisa ibango lokuba isini kunye neziyobisi ezingamanyala "banomnqweno ophezulu wesondo"
  6. Iiduna kunye neengxaki zesondo? Olu luhlu luqulethe iikhompyutheni ze-50 ezidibanisa ukusetyenziswa koononophelo / ukuxhatshazwa koononophelo kwiingxaki zesondo kunye nokwenyuka kwe-sexually stimulus. The Izifundo zokuqala ze-7 kuluhlu lubonisa bangela, njengabathathi-nxaxheba baqhelise ukusetyenziswa koononophelo kunye nokuphulukisa izifo ezingasinikiyo zesondo.
  7. Imiphumo yeSigxina kwimibutho? Izifundo ezingaphezulu kwe-80 zidibanisa ukusetyenziswa koononophelo kubantu abahluphekayo ngokwesini kunye nolwaneliseko lobuhlobo. Ngokuba sifuna zonke Izifundo ezibandakanya abesilisa ziye zaxela ukusetyenziswa koononophelo olunxulumene nalo zihlwempu Ukwaneliseka ngokwesondo okanye ubudlelwane. Ngelixa ezinye izifundo zichaza isiphumo esincinci sokusetyenziswa kwe-porn yabasetyhini kwisini sabasetyhini kunye nolwaneliseko lobuhlobo, uninzi do Xela iziphumo ezingalunganga: Izifundo zoononongo ezibandakanya izifundo zabasetyhini: Imiphumo emibi ekuvukeni, ukwaneliseka ngokwesini kunye nobudlelwane
  8. Ukusetyenziswa koonobumba kunokuchaphazela impilo yengqondo nengqondo? Izifundo ezingaphezulu kwe-90 zidibanisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-porn nakwimpilo yengqondo-yeemvakalelo kunye neziphumo zokuqonda ezihlwempuzekileyo.
  9. Ukusetyenziswa koonobumba kunokuchaphazela iinkolelo, iingcinga kunye nokuziphatha? Hlola uphando lomntu ngamnye Izifundo ze-40 zidibanisa ukusetyenziswa koononophelo "kwiingcamango ezingafaniyo" malunga nabasetyhini kunye neengcamango zesondo -Okanye isishwankathelo esivela kolu hlaziyo lwe-meta ka-2016 yezifundo ezifanelekileyo eziyi-135: Imidiya kunye nokuSondo: I-State of Research Empirical, 1995-2015. Ngcaciso:

Injongo yale ngongoma yayiwukuba kuhlanganiswe uphando lweempawu zokuhlola uphando lwezesondo zoxhatshazo. Ugxininiso lwaluphando olushicilelwe ekuhlaziyweni koontanga, iincwadi zeelwimi zesiNgesi phakathi kwe-1995 kunye ne-2015. Iimpapasho ze-109 eziqulethwe zifundo ze-135 zahlaziywa. Iziphumo zanikezela ubungqina obuqhubekayo bokuthi ukuboniswa kwebhubhoratri kunye nokuhlaliswa rhoqo kwimihla ngemihla kuhambelana ngqo nemiphumo eyahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa amanqanaba aphezulu ekunganeliseki komzimba, ukuzithemba okukhulu, ukuxhaswa okukhulu kweenkolelo zesini kunye neenkolelo zentlobano zesini, kwaye ukunyamezela okukhulu kobundlobongela ngesondo malunga nabasetyhini. Ngaphezu koko, ukuchazwa kokulinga kwesi siqulatho kubangela ukuba amabhinqa namadoda abe nombono oncitshiswe ngokubhekisele kwiinkalo zabasetyhini, ukuziphatha kunye noluntu.

  1. Kuthiwani ngoxhatshazo ngokwesondo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana? Olunye uhlalutyo lweemeta: I-Meta-Uhlalutyo lweeNzame zoTywala kunye nezoNyathelo zeZenzo zoLwabizo ngokwesondo kwi-Studies General Population (2015). Ngcaciso:

Izifundo ze-22 ezivela kumazwe ahlukeneyo akwa-7 zahlaziywa. Ukusetyenziswa kwakunxulumene nobudlova ngokwesondo kwi-United States nakumazwe ngamazwe, phakathi kwamadoda kunye nabesifazane, kunye nokufundiswa kwexesha kunye nexesha elide. Amanyano ayomelele ngokuthetha ngaphezu kwesondo, nangona bobabini bebalulekileyo. Umzekelo jikelele weziphumo uphakamise ukuba umxholo onobundlobongela unokuthi ube yinto enzima.

"Kodwa ayenakho ukuziphatha kakubi kweentlanzi?" Hayi, amazinga okudlwengula ayenyuka kwiminyaka yamuva: "Amanani okudlwengula aya kunyuswa, ngoko ke uyayigxeka inkohlakalo ye-porn-pro. 'Yabona eli phepha ngaphezulu kwezifundo ze-110 ezidibanisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-porn kubundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesondo, ukunyanzela kunye nobundlobongela, kunye nokugxekwa okubanzi kwesibhengezo esiphindaphindiweyo sokuba ukwanda kokufumaneka kwe-porn kubangele ukwehla kwamanani odlwengulo.

  1. Kuthiwani malunga nokusetyenziswa koonwabo kunye nentsha? Khangela olu uluhlu izifundo ze-280 eziselula, okanye ukuhlolwa kwezi ncwadi: uhlaziyo # # 1, hlaziya2, uhlaziyo # # 3, uhlaziyo # # 4, uhlaziyo # # 5, uhlaziyo # # 6, uhlaziyo # # 7, uhlaziyo # # 8, uhlaziyo # # 9, uhlaziyo # # 10, uhlaziyo # # 11, uhlaziyo # # 12, uhlaziyo # # 13, uhlaziyo # # 14, uhlaziyo # # 15, uphononongo # 16, uphononongo # 17. Ukususela kwisiphelo sesiphumo se-2012 yophando - Impembelelo ye-intanethi ye-Internet kwi-Adolescents: Ukuphononongwa koPhando:

Ukwandisa ukufikelela kwi-Intanethi ngabaselula baye badala amathuba angakaze afikelele kwimfundo yesondo, ukufunda nokukhula. Ngokwahlukileyo, umngcipheko wengozi obonakalayo kwincwadi iye yabangela abaphandi ukuba baphenye ukutshatyalaliswa kwentombazana engamanyala kwi-intanethi ngokuzama ukuluhluza ukulwa. Ngokuhlangeneyo, ezi zifundo zibonisa ukuba ulutsha oludla uonografi inokuhlakulela amaxabiso kunye neenkolelo zesini ezingekho ngqiqweni. Phakathi kweziphumo, amanqanaba aphezulu okuziphatha okuvumelekileyo ngokwesondo, ukuxhalaba ngokwesondo, kunye nokuvavanywa kwangaphambili kwezesondo kuye kwahambelana nokusetyenziswa rhoqo koonografi ... Nangona kunjalo, ukufunyanwa okungaguqukiyo kuye kwavela kunxibelelana nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweefografi ezibonisa ubundlobongela ngamanqanaba anyukayo okuziphatha gwenxa ngokwesondo.

Uncwadi lubonisa unxibelelwano phakathi kokusetyenziswa kwabantwana abakwishumi elivisayo kwimifanekiso engamanyala kunye nokuzazi. Amantombazana axela ukuba azive ephantsi ngokwasetyhini abajongayo kwimifanekiso engamanyala, ngelixa abafana boyika ukuba bangangabinayo intsholongwane okanye bangakwazi ukwenza njengamadoda kwezi media. Abafikisayo baxele ukuba ukusebenzisa kwabo iphonografi kunciphile njengoko ukuzithemba kwabo kunye nophuhliso lwentlalo lukhula. Ukongeza, uphando lubonisa ukuba abakwishumi elivisayo abasebenzisa iphonografi, ngakumbi leyo ifumaneka kwi-Intanethi, banamanqanaba asezantsi okudityaniswa kwezentlalo, inyuka kwiingxaki zokuziphatha, amanqanaba aphezulu ekuziphatheni okunxaxhileyo, imeko ephezulu yokubonakalisa uxinzelelo, kunye nokunciphisa ukubondana ngokweemvakalelo nabanonopheli.

  1. Azikho zonke izifundo ezihambelanayo? Nope: Ngaphezulu kwe-90 yezifundo ezibonisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-porn kubangela iziphumo ezingalunganga kunye neempawu, kunye notshintsho lobuchopho.

Ukuze i-debunking malunga nantoni nganye yokuthetha kunye ne-cherry-picking study yibone oku kuluhlu olubanzi: Debunking "Kutheni Sisaxhalabe Ngokuphathelele Ukujonga Iidemon?? ", NguMarty Klein, Taylor Kohut, noNicole Prause (2018). Indlela yokuqaphela amanqaku afanelekileyo: Ba catshulwa Prause et al., I-2015 (ekuthiwa yinyaniso yokuba i-porn addiction), ngelixa ishiya kwi-50 izifundo ze-neurological support the drug addiction. Ukuze kube lula ukuyiqonda imiboniso ethetha ngeentsomi ezininzi ezisasazwa ngabaphandi be-pro-porn okanye iibhlog, bona iividiyo ezi-2 ezibalaseleyo nguGabe Deem: "IINKCUKACHA ZEMPILO-Inyaniso ebangela ukuba likhoboka leziyobisi kunye nokungasebenzi", kunyeIncwadana yokudlala ye-porn: Deny, Disinform kunye neDesame".

Olungakumbi malunga nomlutha

Ukuqonda i-Intanethi ukuboniswa kweziyobisi kwi-Intanethi kuthetha ukuqonda ngeendlela zokulutha. Zonke iziyobisi ziqhekeza imithambo-luvo efanayo, eqhuba kwimithambo-luvo efanayo (nangona isiyobisi ngasinye sikwabandakanya eyongezelelweyo izijikelezo ze-neural kunye nama-neurokemikhali ahlukeneyo phakathi kwezilungo.

Uphando olutsha luchaza ukuba izilingo zokuziphatha (utywala, ngcakazo, yokudlala ividiyo, Umlutha we-Intanethi kwaye umlutha wezobisi) kunye nezidakamizwa zeziyobisi zibandakanya ezininzi ezifanayo iindlela eziphambili kukhokelela kwi- ingqokelela yotshintsho ekwabelwana ngalo kwi-anatomy yengqondo kunye ne-chemistry.

Oku akumangalisi njengoko iziyobisi zinokuphucula okanye zithintele imisebenzi ekhoyo yomzimba. Indlela ethe ngqo yokutshintsha kweeselfowuni kukubizwa ngokuba "yindlela yokusebenza". Onke amachiza nokuziphatha okunokubangela ukuba umlutha abelane ngendlela enye ebalulekileyo yesenzo: ukuphakama kwe-dopamine kwi nucleus accumbens (ngokuqhelekileyo kuthiwa isikhungo somvuzo). Ngenxa yokuqhubela phambili kwenzululwazi yakutshanje, ukugxekwa kwendlela yokuziphatha ngokwezesondo ngokuziphatha kakubi kunye nokuphelelwa yisikhathi (kwaye akukho zifundo ezingazange zinyanzele imodeli yoxhatshazo lwezobisi). Uphengululo lwamva nje loncwadi kunye neenkcazo ezixhasa ngokupheleleyo esi sikhundla:

  1. Ngaba iinthombe zoononopasho ze-intanethi zibangelwa izidakamizwa zesondo? Ukuphononongwa ngeeNgxelo zeKliniki (2016) -Uphononongo olubanzi loncwadi olunxulumene neengxaki zesini ezibangelwa isondo. Ukubandakanya oogqirha baselwandle baseMelika kunye noGary Wilson, uphononongo lubonelela ngedatha yamva nje ebonisa ukunyuka okukhulu kweengxaki zesondo zolutsha. Ikwajonga kwakhona izifundo ze-neurological ezinxulumene neziyobisi ezingamanyala kunye nemeko yesondo nge-Intanethi. Oogqirha banikezela ngeengxelo ezi-3 zekliniki zamadoda aphuhlise ukungasebenzi kakuhle ngokwesondo. Iphepha lesibini le-2016 nguGary Wilson lixoxa ngokubaluleka kokufunda ngeziphumo zoononophala ngokuba nezifundo eziyeka ukusebenzisa iphonografi: Ukuphelisa i-Intanethi engapheliyo I-Iphonyayili Yisebenzise Ukutyhila Imiphumo Yayo (2016).
  2. Jonga lephepha le-2015 ngamagqirha amabini oogqirha: Ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo njengeSifo: Ubungqina boVavanyo, ukuxilongwa, kunye neempendulo kwabahlalutyi (2015), enika ishati ezithatha iingcamango ezithile kwaye zinikeza izikhalazo eziphikisana nazo.
  3. Ukuphononongwa ngokucokisekileyo koncwadi lwe-neuroscience olunxulumene nohlobo lwe-Intanethi yeziyobisi, kugxilwe ngakumbi kubuxhakaxhaka be-Intanethi, bona - I-neuroscience ye-Intanethi yoTywala: Ukubuyiselwa nokuHlaziya (2015). Ukuphononongwa kwakhona kugxeka izifundo ezibini zamva nje zokubamba izifundo ze-EEG ezinokuthi "zenze" iziyobisi ezingamanyala. (Jonga eli phepha ukuhlaziywa kunye nokuhlalutya kwezinto ezibucokisekileyo kunye nezikhohlisayo)
  4. I-Cybersex Addiction (2015) Amacatshulwa: Amanqaku amva nje, ukuxilonga kwe-inthanethi kuthathwa njengoluhlobo oluthile lwe-intanethi. Ezinye izifundo zikhoyo ziphanda ukufana phakathi kokuxhatshazwa kwe-cybersex kunye nezinye izilingo zokuziphatha, ezifana ne-Internet Gaming Disorder. I-Cue-reactivity kunye nesifiso kuthathwa njengendima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni i-cybersex. Ucwaningo lwe-Neuroimaging luxhasa uxanduva lwezinto eziqhelekileyo eziphakathi kwe-cyber yobunzima kunye nezinye izilingo zokuziphatha kunye nokuxhomekeka kwezinto.
  5. Uphengululo olufutshane - I-neurobiology yokuziphatha ngokuziphatha kakubi ngokwesondo: I-Science emerging (2016) - equkumbele:Kunikwe ukufana okuphakathi kwe-CSB kunye neziyobisi zonyango, ukungenelela ukuphumelela kwizidakamizwa kunokubamba isithembiso kwi-CSB, ngaloo ndlela unikezela ukuqonda ngokucacileyo kwiindlela ezizayo zophando ukuphanda le nto ngqo. "
  6. Uhlalutyo lwe-2016 lweendlela zokuziphatha zesondo ezinyanzelekileyo (CSB) - Ngaba ukuziphatha kakubi ngokwesondo kunokuthathwa njengomlutha? (2016) - ndigqibe kwelokuba: “Iimpawu ezigqagqeneyo zikhona phakathi kwe-CSB kunye nokuphazamiseka kokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi. Iinkqubo eziqhelekileyo ze-neurotransmitter zinokuba negalelo kwi-CSB kunye nokuphazamiseka kokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, kwaye nezifundo zakutsha nje zokubonisa umdla zibonisa ukufana okuhambelana nokunqwenela kunye nokukhathalela ingqalelo. " Qaphela: uninzi lwee-neuroscience ezixhasa ubukho 'besiyobisi sokwabelana ngesondo' ngokwenyani luvela kwizifundo zabasebenzisi be-porn, hayi iziyobisi. Ukuxabana kwe-intanethi malunga neziyobisi ze-intanethi kunye nokulutha ngesondo kulwenza buthathaka iphepha.
  7. Indlela yokuziphatha ngokwezesondo ngokunyanisekileyo njengengxaki yokuziphatha: Impembelelo ye-intanethi kunye nezinye iziganeko (i-2016). Amanqaku:Ukugxininiswa ngakumbi kuyadingeka kwiimpawu ze-intanethi njengoko ezi zinto zinokubangela ukuziphatha okubi ngokwesini."Kwaye"ubungqina bezonyango kulabo bancedayo kunye nokuphatha abantu abanjalo kufuneka banikezwe ngokukhulu ngakumbi kwiinkonzo zengqondo. "
  8. Ngelixa igama elithi "hypersexourse" kufuneka lilahlwe, olu luphononongo olulungileyo nguMax Planck wemithambo-luvo Isiseko se-Neurobiological of Hysexualality (2016). Isicatshulwa: "Ukuthatyathwa ndawonye, ​​ubungqina bubonakala bubonisa ukuba utshintsho kwi-lobe yangaphambili, i-amygdala, i-hippocampus, i-hypothalamus, i-septum, neengqondo zengqondo ezenza umvuzo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuveleni koxhatshazo. Izifundo ze-Genetic kunye neuropharmacological indlela yokwelapha kwindlela ekubandakanyekeni kwenkqubo ye-dopaminergic."
  9. Ukukhangela ukucaca kwamanzi anamatye: ukujonga okuzayo malunga nokuziphatha okubi ngokwesondo (2016) - Amacatshulwa: Sisandul 'ukujonga ubungqina ngokubeka isenzo sokunyanzelisa ngokwesondo (CSB) njengento engekho yobutyebi (ukuziphatha). Uphononongo lwethu lufumene ukuba i-CSB yabelana ngekliniki, i-neurobiological kunye ne-phenomenological efana neengxaki zokusebenzisa izidakamizwa. Nangona i-American Psychiatric Association inqatshelwe ingxaki ye-hypersexual ephuma kwi-DSM-5, ukuxilongwa kwe-CSB (i-sex-drive excessively) ingenziwa nge-ICD-10. I-CSB iphinda iqwalaselwe yi-ICD-11.
  10. Ukuhlanganiswa kwengqondo kunye neurobiological malunga nokuphuhliswa nokugcinwa kweengxaki ezithile zokusebenzisa i-intanethi: Ukusebenzisana koMntu-Othintekayo-Ukuqonda-Indlela yokuSebenza (2016) -Uphononongo lweendlela ezisisiseko sophuhliso kunye nokugcinwa kwezifo ezithile ezisebenzisa i-Intanethi, kubandakanywa "ukuphonononga iphonografi kwi-Intanethi". Ababhali bacebisa ukuba ukulutha iphonografi (kunye nokulutha kwi-cybersex) kuchongwe njengokuphazamiseka kokusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi kwaye kubekwe kwezinye iindlela zokuziphatha eziphantsi kokuchaphazeleka kokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi njengokuziphatha okukhohlakeleyo.
  11. Ukuqhathaniswa ngokwesondo kwi-Neurobiological of Addictions, i-Oxford Press (2016) - Inkcazo: Siphonononga isiseko se-neurobiological sokulutha, kubandakanya indalo okanye inkqubo yokulutha, kwaye emva koko sixoxe ngendlela oku okunxibelelana ngayo nokuqonda kwethu okwabelana ngesondo njengomvuzo wendalo onokuthi "ungalawulwa" kubomi bomntu.
  12. I-Neuroscience Isondela kwi-Internet ye-Pornography Addiction (2017) - Inkcazo: Kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo, uphando oluninzi lweendlela ze-neuroscientific approach, i-imagination magontic resonance imaging (fMRI), lwenziwe ukuze kuhlolwe i-corral correlates yokubukela iphonografi ngaphantsi kweemeko zokulinga kunye ne-coral coralates yokusetyenziswa koonografi okugqithisileyo. Ukunikezelwa kweziphumo zangaphambilini, ukusetyenziswa kwamanyala angaphantsi kwezinto ezingcolileyo kunokuxhunywa kwiinkqubo ze-neurobiological ezaziwa ngaphambili ekuphuhliseni izilingo ezinxulumene neziyobisi.
  13. Ngaba ukuziphatha ngokwezesondo ngokugqithiseleyo kuyinkinga yomlutha? (2017) - Amacatshulwa: Uphando kwi-neurobiology ye-compulsive disorder behavior disorder iye yavelisa iziphumo ezinxulumene nokukhawuleza, ukuxhaswa kweengqondo, kunye ne-brain-based cec reactivity ebonisa ukufana okufana nezidakamizwa. Siyakholelwa ukuba udidi lwesifo sengqondo sokunyanzelisa ngokwesondo njengengxaki yokulahla i-addictive disorder ihambelana nedatha yakutshanje kwaye inokuncedisa iikliniki, abaphandi kunye nabantu abachaphazelekayo kwaye bachaphazelekayo ngokwabo.
  14. I-neurobiology ye-Pornography Addiction - Uhlolo lweklinikhi (UDe Sousa kunye noLodha, 2017) - Amacatshulwa: Ngokubanzi, amaqaku e-59 atyunjwe okubandakanya ukuphononongwa, ukuphononongwa kwimizuzu kunye namaphepha ophando olusisiseko kwimicimbi yokusetyenziswa koononografi, ukuxilonga kunye neurobiology. Amaphepha ophando ahlaziywe apha ayekwiindawo ezichasene nesiseko se-neurobiological sokunyangwa koonografi. Oku kwaxhaswa ngokuqhubekayo kunye nolwazi lwabomi bebliniki bobabini abalobi abasebenza rhoqo nezigulane apho ukugqithiswa koonografi kunye nokubukela kuyimpawu ebandezelayo.
  15. Ubungqina bePudding buyinkqubo yokutya: Iinkcukacha zifunekayo ukuvavanya iipompile kunye neengcinga eziphathelele kwizinto eziphathekayo zoxhatshazo ngokwesondo (2018) - Amacatshulwa: Phakathi kwezikhundla ezingabonisa ukuba kufana phakathi kwe-CSB kunye neengxaki zokulutha umlutha zifundo ze-neuroimaging, ngezifundo eziliqela zakutshanje ezishiywe nguWalton et al. (I2017). Izifundo zokuqala zazisoloko zivavanya i-CSB ngokubhekisele kwiimodeli zokulutha (kuhlolwe kwiGola, Wordecha, Marchewka, & Sescousse, 2016b; IKraus, Voon, kunye nePotenza, 2016b).
  16. Ukukhuthaza uqeqesho lwezemfundo, ulwahlulo, unyango, kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo Inkcazo kwi: Ukukhubazeka ngokuziphatha ngokunyanisekileyo ngokwesondo kwi-ICD-11 (UKraus okqhubekayo., 2018) - Amacatshulwa: Isiphakamiso samanje sokuhlenga isifo se-CSB njengengxaki yokulawulwa kwempembelelo ingquzulwano njengemizekelo eminye eceliwe (Kor, Fogel, Reid, & Potenza, 2013). Kukho idatha ebonisa ukuba i-CSB yabelana ezininzi izinto kunye nezilingo (UKraus et al., 2016), kubandakanywa nedatha yakutshanje ebonisa ukunyuka kwe-reactivity yeziganeko zobuchopho ezinxulumene nomvuzo ekuphenduleni iziqulatho ezinxulumene nesishukumiso esithintekayo (Brand, Snagowski, Laier, kunye neMaderwald, 2016; IGola, iLizwiecha, iMarchewka, kunye neSescousse, 2016; UGola et al., 2017; IKlucken, Wehrum-Osinsky, iSchweckendiek, iKruse, kunye neStark, 2016; IVoon et al., 2014.
  17. Indlela yokuziphatha ngokwesondo ngokubambisana nabantu kunye neeModeli eziPhambili (i-2018) - Amacatshulwa: Ukuziphatha ngokwezesondo ngokweqhinga (CSB) kuthethwa ngokubanzi njengengxaki yokuziphatha, kwaye iyingozi enkulu kwimpilo yobomi kunye nempilo yengqondo kunye nengqondo. Ekugqibeleni, oku kuhlaziywa kusishwankathe iinjongo zokuziphatha kunye ne-neuroimaging kwi-CSB yabantu kunye nokungahambisani nokunye ukuphazamiseka, kuquka nokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi. Ngokubonke, ezi zifundo zibonisa ukuba i-CSB idibaniswa nokuguqulwa komsebenzi kwi-corsex yangaphambili ye-cingulate kunye ne-prefrontal, i-amygdala, i-striatum, kunye ne-thalamus, ngaphezu kokunciphisa uxhumano phakathi kwe-amygdala kunye ne-prefrontal cortex.
  18. Izidakamizwa zesondo kwi-Intanethi Era (2018) - Inkcazo: Phakathi kwezilingo zokuziphatha, ukusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi kunye ne-intanethi ye-intanethi yokusetyenziswa kwezinto eziphangaleleyo zidlalwa ngokubhekiselele kwimingcipheko yesifo soxhatshazo ngokwesondo, kaninzi kungekho nomda ocacileyo phakathi kwezi zimbini. Abasebenzisi be-intanethi bayakhangelwa kwi-intanethi ye-intanethi ngenxa yokungaziwa, ukukwazi ukufikelela, nokufikeleleka, kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi ukusetyenziswa kwayo kungahokelela abasebenzisi ngokusebenzisa ukuxilonga kwe-inthanethi: kule miba, abasebenzisi banakho ukulibala inxaxheba "yokuziphendukela kwemvelo" yesini, ukufumana ngakumbi uvuyo kwizinto ezikhethiweyo zesondo ngokuzikhethela ngokwesondo.
  19. Iinkqubo ze-neurocognitive in disorder of behavior behavior disorder (2018) - Inkcazo: Okwangoku, uphando oluninzi lwe-neuroimaging ngokuziphatha ngokunyanisekileyo kwezesondo lubonelele ubungqina beendlela ezigqithisileyo ezibangelwa ukuziphatha okubi ngokwesondo kunye neziyobisi ezingekho zesondo. Ukuziphatha ngokunyanisekileyo ngokwesondo kuhambelana nokusebenza okutshintshileyo kwingingqi yengqondo kunye noonxibelelwano olubandakanyekayo ekukhuliseni, ukuhlala, ukuguqulwa komtsalane, kunye nokuhlaziywa komvuzo kwiipatheni ezinjengezinto, ukugembula, kunye nemilutha yokudlala. Iingingqi eziphambili zengqondo ezixutywe kwiimpawu ze-CSB ziquka i-cortices yangaphambili neyexeshana, i-amygdala, kunye ne-striatum, kuquka ne-nucleus accumbens.
  20. Ukuqonda kwangoku i-Neuroscience yezenzo ze-Compulsive Sexual Disorder Disorder and Problematic Pornography Sebenzisa (2018) - Inkcazo: Izifundo ze-neurobiological zamva nje ziye zabonisa ukuba ukuziphatha okunyanzelekileyo ngokwesondo kuhambelana nokuguqulwa kwezinto zesini kunye nokwahlukana kobunzobuchopho kunye nomsebenzi. Nangona izifundo ezimbalwa ze-neurobiological ze-CSBD ziqhutyelwe ukuza kube yimhla, idatha ekhoyo ibonisa ukuba i-neurobiological engaqhelekanga yabelana ngokubambisana nezinye izongezo ezifana nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kunye neengxaki zokugembula. Ngaloo ndlela, idatha ekhoyo ibonisa ukuba ukuhlelwa kwayo kulungele ukulungiswa kokuziphatha kunokubangela ingxaki yokulawula.
  21. I-Ventral Striatal Reactivity kwizinto ezithintekayo zesondo (2018) - Inkcazo: Phakathi kwezifundo ezikhoyo ezikhoyo, sakwazi ukufumana iimpapasho ezithoba (iThebhile 1) esetyenziselwa ukuboniswa kwemifanekiso yamagnetic. Ezine kuphela kwezi (36-39) ngokuphandle ngokuphandlelwa ukucwangciswa kweengongoma kunye / okanye imivuzo kunye neziphumo ezichazwe ngokuphathelele ekusebenziseni kwe-ventral striatum. Izifundo ezintathu zibonisa ukwanda kwe-ventral reactivity kwi-stimuli yokunyusa (36-39) okanye ucacise ukuqikelela ukuchithwa kwelo hlobo (36-39). Ezi ziphumo zihambelane neNtshukumo yokuThuthukiswa kweSali (IST) (28), esinye sezikhokelo ezibalaseleyo ezichaza ubuchopho obusebenzayo kumlutha.
  22. Ukuxhatshazwa koThutho lwe-intanethi: Yintoni esiyayaziyo kunye nento esiyiyiyo-Ukuhlolwa kweNkqubo (2019) - Inkcazo: Njengokuba sisazi, iinjongo zezifundo zakutshanje zixhasa le nkampani njengomlutha kunye nemibonakalo ebalulekileyo yekliniki ezifana nokungaxhatshazwa ngokwesondo kunye nokunganeliseki kwengqondo. Ubuninzi bomsebenzi okhoyo usekelwe kuphando olufanayo olwenziwe kwizilonda zomzimba, ngokusekelwe kwingcamango yecalografi ekhompyutheni njengento ephakamileyo yezinto eziphathekayo, eziqhubekayo, ezinokuthi ziqhubeke nokusetyenziswa, zingabangela ingxaki yomlutha.
  23. Imvelaphi kunye nokuphuhliswa kweziyobisi zoononophelo kwi-intanethi: izizathu zokuthintela ngabanye, iindlela zokuqiniswa kunye neendlela ze-neural (2019) - Inkcazo: Ixesha elide loonografi e-intanethi lenze ukuba abantu abanjalo bazivelele kwiinkcukacha zoonografi ezinxulumene ne-intanethi, eziye zaholela ekukhuliseni ukuthanda, ukusetyenziswa ngokunyanzeliswa kweentengiso zoonografi phantsi kwezinto ezibini zesilingo kunye nokukhubazeka komsebenzi. Ingqiqo yokwaneliseka etholakalayo kuyo iyancipha kwaye iyancipha, ngoko-ke iifoto-mifanekiso zoonopopasho ze-intanethi ziyadinga ukugcina isimo sengqondo esidlulileyo kunye nokuba ngumlutha.
  24. Ithiyori, ukuthintela, kunye nonyango lokusebenzisa iphonografi (2019) - Inkcazo: Isithintelo sokuziphatha ngokwesondo okunyanzelekileyo, kubandakanya ingxaki yokusebenzisa iphonografi, ibandakanyiwe kwi-ICD-11 njengengxaki yokulawula ukunganyanzelekanga. Inkqubo yokuqonda oku kuphazamiseka, nangona kunjalo, ifana kakhulu neendlela zokuphazamiseka ngenxa yokuziphatha ngokulutha… Uqwalaselo lwethiyori kunye nobungqina bobuchwephesha bubonisa ukuba iinkqubo zengqondo kunye ne-neurobiological process ezichaphazelekayo ekuphazamisekeni komlutha ziyasebenza nasekuphazamiseni ukusetyenziswa kwephonografi.
  25. Ukusetyenziswa kwesiqu seNgcaciso yePhupha lePhonografi: Umzekelo oHlanganisiweyo ovela kuPhando lweeNdawo zoPhando kunye neNdawo yokuzijonga kwindalo (ka-2019) - Inkcazo: Ukuzibona kunengxaki yokusebenzisa iphonografi kubonakala kunxulumene neeyunithi ezininzi zohlalutyo kunye neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo kwinto ephilayo. Ngokusekwe kwiziphumo zangaphakathi kwe-RDoC paradigm echazwe ngasentla, kuyenzeka ukuba kubekho imodeli yokudibana apho iiyunithi ezahlukeneyo zohlalutyo zichaphazela enye nenye (umfuziselo 1). Olu tshintsho kwiindlela zangaphakathi nezokuziphatha phakathi kwabantu abane-SPPPU ziyafana nezo zijongwa ebantwini abanobukhoboka beziyobisi, kunye nemephu kwiimodeli zokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi.
  26. Iziyobisi ngobuxhakaxhaka beCybersex: isishwankathelo sophuhliso kunye nonyango lwesifo esivele savela (2020) - Amacatshulwa: CI-ybersex yeziyobisi kunye neziyobisi ezingabalulekanga ezinxulumene neziyobisi ezichaphazela ukubandakanyeka kwezesondo kwi-Intanethi. Kule mihla, iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto ezinxulumene nezesondo okanye iphonografi ziyafikeleleka ngokulula kwimidiya ye-intanethi. E-Indonesia, iintlobano zesini zihlala zithathwa njengezikhohlakeleyo kodwa uninzi lwabantu abancinci luye lwaboniswa imifanekiso engamanyala. Ingakhokelela kumlutha kunye neziphumo ezininzi ezimbi kubasebenzisi, ezinjengobudlelwane, imali, kunye neengxaki zengqondo ezinje ngokudakumba okukhulu kunye nokudakumba koxinzelelo.
  27. Zeziphi iimeko ekufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo njengeziphazamiso kuHlelo lwaMazwe ngaMazwe lweZifo (ICD-11) Ukonyulwa kwezinye “iingxaki ezithile ezichaziweyo ngenxa yeziyobisi eziLuthayo”? (2020) - Amacatshulwa: Idatha evela kwingxelo yakho yokuzibandakanya, yokuziphatha, electrophysiological, kunye neuroimaging zibonisa ukubandakanyeka kweenkqubo zokusebenza kwengqondo kunye nokusekelwa okungaphantsi kolungelelwaniso lwe-neural kuphandwe kwaye kwasekwa kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo okwahlukana kokusebenzisa iziyobisi kunye nongxaki yokungcakaza / yokudlala (inqaku 3). Imekobume eboniswe kuphononongo lwangaphambili ibandakanya ukulungiswa kwakhona komnqweno wokuhamba nezinto ezandisiweyo kwimisebenzi yobuchopho enxulumene nomvuzo, umkhethe onomdla, ukuthatha izigqibo okungalunganga, kunye (nolawulo oluchaziweyo).
  28. Ubume boLungiso lweZinto eziZinyanzelisayo zokuSebenzisa iZondo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweengxaki ze-Intanethi kwi-Intanethi: Uphengululo - Amacatshulwa: Iziphumo ezifumanekayo zibonisa ukuba kukho amanqaku aliqela e-CSBD kunye ne-POPU ahambelana neempawu zokulutha, kwaye ungenelelo ngoncedo ekujoliseni isimilo kunye neziyobisi zikholelwa ekuqwalaseleni nasekwenzeni ukuxhasa abantu abane-CSBD kunye ne-POPU…. I-neurobiology ye-POPU kunye ne-CSBD ibandakanya inani lezinto ezabelwanayo ze-neuroanatomical kunye nokuchaphazeleka kokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, iindlela ezifanayo ze-neuropsychological, kunye notshintsho oluqhelekileyo lwe-neurophysiological kwinkqubo yomvuzo we-dopamine.
  29. Ukuziphatha gwenxa ngokwesondo: inkcazo, imeko yeklinikhi, iiprofayili ze-neurobiological kunye nonyango (i-2020) - Amacatshulwa: Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezingamanyala kuhambisa ukuqala kwengqondo kunye nokuziphatha ngokwesini. ukuphazamiseka kunye nobunzima bobudlelwane…
  30. Yintoni ekufuneka ibandakanywe kwiikhrayitheriya zokunyanzelwa kokuziphatha gwenxa ngokwesondo? (2020) - Amacatshulwa: Ulwahlulo lwe-CSBD njengengxaki yolawulo lwempembelelo ikwaqinisekisa ukuthathelwa ingqalelo. … Uphando olongezelelekileyo lunokunceda ekucwangciseni olona luhlu lufanelekileyo lwe-CSBD njengoko kwenzekile ngengxaki yokungcakaza, iphinde yahlelwa kudidi lokuphazamiseka kolawulo lokunyanzelwa kwizinto ezingekho kweziyobisi okanye zokuziphatha kwi-DSM-5 nakwi-ICD-11. … Ukunyanzeliswa akunakuba negalelo ngokuqinileyo ekusebenziseni ingxaki yamanyala njengoko abanye bacebisile (Bőthe et al., 2019).
  31. Ukuthathwa kwezigqibo kwiNgcakazo yokuNgcakaza, ukuSebenzisa iNgxaki yoTyhila, kunye neNgxaki yokuTya ukutya okuNxilisayo: Ukufana kunye nokwahluka (2021) - Amacatshulwa: Ukufana phakathi kwe-CSBD kunye neziyobisi zichaziwe, kunye nolawulo olungalunganga, ukusetyenziswa okungapheliyo ngaphandle kweziphumo ezibi, kunye notyekelo lokuzibandakanya kwizigqibo ezinobungozi kunokwabelwana ngazo (37•,, 40). Abantu abanezi ngxaki bahlala bebonisa ukungalawuleki kwengqondo kunye nokwenza izigqibo ngendlela engalunganga [12, 15,16,17]. Ukusilela kwiinkqubo zokwenza izigqibo kunye nokufunda okujolise ngqo kwiinjongo kufunyenwe kwiziphazamiso ezininzi.
  32. Iinkqubo zokuqonda ezinxulumene nengxaki yokusebenzisa iphonografi (PPU): Uphengululo lwenkqubo yezifundo zovavanyo (2021) - Amacatshulwa: Kwiphepha langoku, sijonga kwaye siqokelele ubungqina obuvela kwizifundo ezingama-21 eziphanda iinkqubo zengqondo ezisisiseko sePPU. Ngamafutshane, i-PPU inxulumene: (a) nokuthathela ingqalelo inkanuko yesini, (b) ukusilela kolawulo lokuthintela (ngakumbi iingxaki zokuthintela ukuphendula kweemoto kunye nokususa ingqwalaselo kwisikhuthazo esingafanelekanga), (c) ukusebenza kakubi kwimisebenzi ukuvavanya inkumbulo yokusebenza, kunye (d) nokonakala kokuthatha izigqibo.

Utshintsho olukhulu lweengqondo ezi-4 lubandakanyeka kuzo zombini izilwanyana kunye nokuziphatha kakubi, njengoko kuchazwe kweli phepha elipapashwe kulo nyaka I-New England Journal of Medicine: "UI-Neurobiologic Intuthuko evela kwi-Brain Disease Model of Addiction (2016)". Olu hlaziyo luphawuleka nguMlawuli weZiko leSizwe ngokuSetyenziswa gwenxa kotywala kunye notywala (NIAAA) UGeorge F. Koob, kunye nomlawuli weSizwe soMgaqo-nkqubo wokuThatshazwa kweziyobisi (NIDA) Nora D. Volkow, ingabonakali nje inguqu yenguqu echaphazelekayo ekugqithiseni, iphinda ithi kumhlathi wokuqala wokuba umlutha wesondo ukhona:

"Sigqiba ekubeni i-neuroscience iyaqhubeka ixhasa uhlobo lwesifo sengqondo somlutha. Uphando lwe-neuroscience kule ndawo aliniki nje ngamathuba amatsha okuthintela kunye nokunyangwa kwezilwanyana eziphathekayo kunye nezidakamizwa zokuziphatha (umzekelo, ukutya, isini, kunye nokugembula) .... "

Ngendlela elula, kwaye ebanzi, imigqaliselo ebalulekileyo yongxaki yokuguqula ingqondo yile: 1) Sensitization, 2) Ukuxhatshazwa, 3) Izijikelezo ezingasebenzi (unobungqina), i-4) Izijikelezo ezingasebenzi. Zonke i-4 zale nguqu zengqondo ziye zafunyanwa phakathi Ngaphezulu kwe-55 yezifundo ezisekwe kwi-neuroscience kubasebenzisi be-porn rhoqo kunye neziyobisi zesondo:

  1. Sensitization (cue-reactivity kunye neminqweno): Imijikelezo yobuchopho ebandakanyeka ekukhuthazeni nasekufumaneni umvuzo ukuba ubuthathaka kwiimemori okanye iindlela ezinxulumene nokuziphatha okuluthayo. Oku kubangela ukwandisa "ukufunwa" okanye ukuthanda xa kunqwenela okanye ukuzonwabisa kunciphisa. Ngokomzekelo, iziqendu, ezifana nokuguqula ikhompyutha, ukubona i-pop-up, okanye ukuba yedwa, kubangela nzima kanzima ukungaziboni iimfuno zoononophala. Abanye bachaza impendulo yoononophelo ephathekayo njengokungena kwi-tunnel ephunywe kuphela: i-porno. Mhlawumbi uziva ukhawuleza, intliziyo ekhawulezayo, ukuthuthumela, kunye nayo yonke into ongayicinga ngayo ngokungena kwisayithi yakho oyithandayo. Ukufundiswa kweengxelo zokunikwa kwengxelo okanye ukukhwabanisa-abasebenzisa abantu abathandwayo bezesono / izilwanyana zesini: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28.
  2. Ukuxhatshazwa (ukunciphisa ubuntununtunu bemivuzo kunye nokunyamezelana): Oku kubandakanya utshintsho lwekhemikhali lwexesha elide kunye nolwakhiwo olushiya umntu abajongene nokuzonwabisa. Ukwahlulwa komgangatho kuhlala kuboniswa njengokunyamezelana, oku yimfuno yedosi ephezulu okanye ukukhuthaza ngakumbi ukufezekisa impendulo efanayo. Abanye abasebenzisi be-porn bachitha ixesha elininzi kwi-intanethi, bekhulisa iiseshoni ngokuhlenga, ukubukela xa bengaphangeli, okanye ukukhangela ividiyo efanelekileyo yokuphelisa. Ukwahlulwa komgangatho kunokuthatha indlela yokwanda kwiintlobo ezintsha, ngamanye amaxesha kube nzima kunye nomfokazi, okanye kuphazamise. Kungenxa yokuba ukothuka, ukumangaliswa okanye uxinzelelo zonke zinokuphakamisa i-dopamine kunye nokufuna ukuvuseleleka ngokwesini. Olunye uphononongo lusebenzisa igama elithi "indawo yokuhlala" - elinokubandakanya iindlela zokufunda okanye iindlela zokulutha. Izifundo zokubika ukungabonakali okanye ukuhlala kubasebenzisi boononono / izilonda zesini: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8.
  3. Izijikelezo ezingasebenzi (amandla obuthathaka obuthathaka + ukusebenza kwakhona kwe-hyper-reactivity to cues): Ukusebenza okungasebenziyo kwecortex okanye uguquko kunxibelelwano phakathi kwenkqubo yomvuzo kunye necortex yangaphambili kukhokelela kunciphiso lolawulo lwempembelelo, kodwa iminqweno emikhulu yokusebenzisa. Ukungasebenzi okungasebenziyo kwiisekethe kubonakala njengemvakalelo yokuba iinxalenye ezimbini zengqondo yakho zibandakanyekile kwimfazwe yomlo. Iindlela zokunyanzelisa iziyobisi ziyakhwaza 'Ewe!' Ngelixa 'ingqondo yakho ephezulu' isithi, 'Hayi, hayi kwakhona!' Ngelixa iinxalenye zolawulo oluphezulu kwengqondo yakho zikwimeko ebuthathaka iindlela zokulutha zihlala ziphumelela. Izifundo zokubika ukuphathwa komsebenzi osweleyo (ukuziphatha kakubi) okanye ukuguqulwa komsebenzi wabantu abasebenzisa i-porn / izilonda zesini: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20.
  4. Inkqubo yokuxinzelela ingxaki (Iminqweno emikhulu kunye neempawu zokurhoxa): Ezinye iingcali zokulutha zijonga ukuba likhoboka loxinzelelo, njengoko ukusetyenziswa okungapheliyo kubangela utshintsho oluninzi kwinkqubo yoxinzelelo lwengqondo, kunye nokuchaphazela ukujikeleza kwehormones yoxinzelelo (i-cortisol kunye ne-adrenaline). Inkqubo yoxinzelelo engasebenzi kakuhle ikhokelela kuxinzelelo oluncinci olukhokelela kwiminqweno kunye nokuphinda ubuye ngenxa yokuba ivuselela iindlela ezinamandla zokukhuthaza. Ukongeza, ukuyeka iziyobisi kusebenze kwiinkqubo zoxinzelelo lwengqondo ezikhokelela kwiimpawu ezininzi zokurhoxa eziqhelekileyo kuzo zonke iziyobisi, kubandakanya uxinzelelo, uxinzelelo, ukuqaqanjelwa sisisu, ukuba nochuku kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Okokugqibela, impendulo yoxinzelelo olusebenzayo ithintela i-cortex yangaphambili kunye nemisebenzi yolawulo, kubandakanya nolawulo lwempembelelo kunye nokukwazi ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo iziphumo zezenzo zethu. Izifundo ezibonisa inkqubo yokunyanzeliswa kakubi kwabasebenzisi bezesono / izilonda zesini: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.

Ingaba ezo ngqondo ziguquka kuphela? Inombolo nganye yalezi zibonakaliso ezibanzi zibonakalisa i-subtler Ukuguqulwa kwamaselula kunye nokuguqulwa kwamachiza-Ulungelelaniso nje lokuvavanywa kwethumba elinomhlaza alunakubonakalisa utshintsho olunxulumene nokufihlakala kweselula / kwemichiza. Uninzi lweenguqu ezifihlakeleyo azikwazi ukuvavanywa kwiimodeli zabantu ngenxa yokuqhamka kweetekhnoloji ezifunekayo. Nangona kunjalo, zichongiwe kwiimodeli zezilwanyana.

Zonke ezi zifundo zengqondo zilapha ngentla:

  1. Ubungqina obubi obuphathelene noxilongo lwe-3: ku khuthazwa, ukungafuneki, yaye ukungazenzisi.
  2. Ukusetyenziswa koonobumba obuninzi kunxulumene nombono ongaphantsi kwinqanaba le-circuit (dorsal striatum).
  3. Ukusetyenziswa kobugqwetha obuninzi kunxulumene nomsebenzi ongaphantsi komvuzo xa ukhangelelana ngokufutshane imifanekiso yesondo.
  4. Ukusetyenziswa kobugqwetha obuninzi kunxibelelana kunye nokuphazamisa ukuxhamla kwe-neural phakathi kwenkqubo yokuvuza kunye ne-prefrontal cortex.
  5. Izilwanyana zazinomsebenzi omkhulu kwizinto zesondo, kodwa ubuncinci besenzo sombono oqhelekileyo (ukuxhathisa umlutha weziyobisi).
  6. I-Porn usetyenziso / ukuchasana noononophelo oluhambelanayo nokuphuculwa kokuncishiswa kokulibaziseka (ukungakwazi ukulibazisa ukuthotywa). Oku kuwuphawu lolawulo oluphambeneyo.
  7. I-60% yezifundo ezinyanzelekileyo zoononophala kwisifundo esinye sinamava e-ED okanye asezantsi e-libido kunye namaqabane, kodwa hayi ngoononophala: bonke bathi ukusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi kubangele i-ED / libido ephantsi.
  8. Ukunyanzeliswa kwengqalelo xa kuthelekiswa nabasebenzisi beziyobisi. Ibonisa ukukhuthaza (umveliso we DeltaFosb).
  9. Ukufuna kakhulu kunye nokunqwenela iphonografi, kodwa hayi ukuthanda kakhulu. Oku kungqinelana nemodeli eyamkelweyo yokulutha- ukukhuthaza ukukhuthaza.
  10. Iidemon eziluthayo zinokukhetha ngokukhethekileyo kwinto yokwabelana ngesondo kodwa ubuchopho babo buqhelekile ngokukhawuleza kwimifanekiso yesondo. Ayikho ngaphambili.
  11. Abancinci abasebenzisi boononophelo baxhomekeke ngakumbi kwi-reactivity kwi-center centre.
  12. Ukufundwa kwe-EEG ephakamileyo (i-P300) xa abasebenzisi boononophala babonakala kwiinkcukacha zoononongo (ezenzekayo kwezinye izilingo).
  13. Umnqweno omncinci wesondo kunye nomntu ohambelanayo kunye ne-cue-reactivity kwiimifanekiso zoononophelo.
  14. Ukusetyenziswa koonobumba obuninzi kunxulumene nomlinganiselo ophantsi we-LPP xa ujonga ngokufutshane iifoto zesondo: ubonisa ukuhlala okanye ukungafuni.
  15. I-axis functional HPA axis kwaye iguqulwe izijikelezo zengqondo, ezenzeka kwizidakamizwa zeziyobisi (kunye nomthamo omkhulu we-amygdala, odibanisa noxinzelelo lwentlalo).
  16. Uguquko lwe-Epigenetic kwiijethi eziphambili ekuphenduleni komntu kunye nokuxhatshazwa ngokutsha.
  17. Amanqanaba okujikeleza aphakamileyo we-Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) eqhubekayo nokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi nezidakamizwa.
  18. Ilahleko kwi-cororal grey cortex; uxhumano oluhluphekileyo phakathi kweenkampani zesikhashana kunye nezinye iimimandla.
  19. Ukunyanzelwa okukhulu ngurhulumente.
  20. Ukuncitshiswa kwecortex yangaphambili kunye ne-engile yangaphandle ye-gingus gree nto xa ithelekiswa nolawulo olusempilweni.
  21. Ukuncitshiswa kwemicimbi emhlophe xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo olusempilweni.

Ubungqina obunobungqina bokuba "izilingo zokuziphatha" bukhulu

Ngaphambi kokupapashwa kwezi zikhankanywe apha ngasentla, i-YBOP yathi i-intanethi ye-intanethi iyingozi kwaye ibangelwa yintshintsho efanayo yengqondo njengoko kubonwa kwezinye izilingo. Sithembele kule bango kuba uphuloli obuyisiseko luhlala ekulweni ukuba iziyobisi azenzi nto into entsha okanye eyahlukileyo; zandisa okanye zinciphisa imisebenzi ekhoyo yamaselula. Sivele sinomatshini wokuxhatshazwa (izilwanyana zamatalian / bonding / uthando zesekethe), kunye nokubhankanya (ukugcina iikhalori, ixesha lokukhula). Ukongezelela, uphando lweminyaka yobugqirha buye lwabonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba umlutha ngumqathango owodwa, kuboniswe kwinqanaba leempawu, iimpawu kunye neempawu (Imivuzo yemvelo, i-Neuroplasticity, kunye ne-Ad-drug Addictions (i-2011).

Ukongezelela kwizifundo zobuchopho kubasebenzisi bezesono / izilwanyana zesini, izifundo ezininzi zibonisa ukudibanisa phakathi kokusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana kwaye iingxaki zesingqinisiso zesini, ubudlelwane kunye nokunganeliseki ngokwesini, kunye nokunciphisa ingqondo yomzimba kwisistim sezesondo (ubona olu luhlu oluqhubekayo lwezifundo). Sisoloko sibona abantu abasempilweni abaphuhlisayo i-erectile echaphazelekayo ukubuyela empilweni entle ngokuphepha i-intanethi. Oku kucacisa ukuba abanayo eminye imiba enokuthi ibaphendule ngokuba sesichengeni kwabo

Izifundo kwi-intanethi yabasebenzisi be-intanethi akufanele zikumangalise kuba zikhona 370 + ngengqondo izifundo Kananjalo qinisekisa ukuba "abakhobisi be-Intanethi" bayaphuhlisa Inguqu enkulu enxulumene nomlutha ishintsho ezenzeka kwizilingo zonyango. Izifundo ezingaphezulu kwee-intanethi zisekelwe kwi-intanethi ziphinde zibuye zifundise ukuba zifunyenwe zifundo zengqondo. Bona iqoqo lethu:

Imifanekiso engamanyala kwi-Intanethi, kwimidlalo ye-Intanethi, nakwimithombo yeendaba zentlalo ngoku ijongwa njengezicelo ezahlukeneyo okanye amacandelo asebenzise i-Intanethi. Umntu unokuba likhoboka le-Facebook okanye i-Intanethi, ngelixa engenayo "i-intanethi ngokubanzi", njengoko kuchaziwe kule nto Uhlolo lwe-2015 lweencwadi. Uvavanyo lwe-2006 lwesiDatshi lufumene ukuba i-erotica inayo ephezulu yokulutha zonke izicelo ze-Intanethi.

Yiyo lonto. I-erotica ye-Intanethi luhlobo olugqithisileyo lwemivuzo yendalo sonke ekufuneka siyilandele: ukuvuselela inkanuko yesini kunye namathuba abonakalayo okutshatisa. Imifanekiso engamanyala eyonakeleyo namhlanje ingeyokwendalo "ukomelela kwendalo" njengoko kunjalo namhlanje. Jonga inqaku lethu I-Porn Now And Now: Siyakwamukela kwiBrain Training, kwaye le ngqungquthela egqityiweyo yontanga, ngokuphononongwa kwangoku kwimeko apho i-neuroscience inxulumene nokulutha kwezilwanyana ze-intanethi: Ukuxhatshazwa koonografi - i-supranormal stimulus ebhekwe kwiimeko ze-neuroplasticity (2013).

Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, ezinye iingqondo zithambile kunabanye kunokubakho kwiziphumo ezinokubakho zokuphembelela. Nangona kunjalo, kunokwenzeka ukuba inkcubeko yethu yezesondo isiya isiba nkulu, kokukhona ipesenti yabasebenzisi beya kubonisa iimpawu zokungalingani-kwanabo baneengqondo ezisempilweni. Kananjalo isizukulwana ngasinye sisebenzisa kakhulu ukhuthazo lwento yokwenza kunolo lwangaphambili, kwaye luqala kwangoko nge-intanethi ephezulu ye-Intanethi (cinga ii-smartphones.) Owu, ubuchopho abakwishumi elivisayo bungaphezulu abasengozini yokulutha kwaye imeko yesondo.

Uphando lwamva nje malunga nokutshintsha kobuchopho ekuphenduleni "kukutya okunencasa kakhulu" kuyatyhila ubungqina benkqubo yokulawula. Ukuba ukungcakaza, midlalo, Ukusebenzisa i-intanethi kunye ukutya inokutshintsha ingqondo ngale ndlela, bekuya kumangalisa ukukholelwa ukuba i-intanethi yodwa ingakwazi hayi. Yingakho ku-2011, Oogqirha be-3000 baseMerika Society for Addiction Medicine (ASAM) waphuma kunye ingxelo kawonkewonke ukucacisa ukuba izilingo zokuziphatha (ukulala ngokwesondo, ukutya, ukugembula) zifana nezidakamizwa zeziyobisi ngokutshintsha kwengqondo. I-ASAM ithi:

"Sonke sinomvuzo wokujikeleza kwengqondo okwenza ukuba ukutya kunye nokwabelana ngesondo kuvuyise. Ngapha koko, le yindlela yokusinda. Kwingqondo esempilweni, le mivuzo ineendlela zokuphendula ngokuqaqamba okanye 'ezaneleyo.' Kumntu olikhoboka lotywala, i-circry iba yinto engasebenziyo kangangokuba umyalezo uye kulowo 'uba ngaphezulu', okukhokelela ekufumaneni ulwazi ngembuyekezo kunye / okanye ukukhululeka ngokusebenzisa izinto kunye nokuziphatha. "

I-ASAM ngokubhekiselele ekubhekiseleleni kokuziphatha kakubi ngokwesondo:

UMBUZO: Le ncazelo entsha yokukhwela umlutha ibhekisela kumlutha wokubandakanya ukugembula, ukutya, kunye nokuziphatha ngokwesini. Ngaba i-ASAM ikholelwa ngokwenene ukuba ukutya kunye nesondo kuyingozi?

IMPENDULO: Inkcazo entsha ye-ASAM isuka ekulinganiseni umlutha ngokuxhomekeka kwinto, ngokuchaza indlela ubukhoboka obuhambelana ngayo nokuziphatha okunomvuzo. … Le nkcazo ithi ukuba likhoboka eli malunga nokusebenza kunye nokujikeleza kwengqondo kunye nendlela isakhiwo kunye nokusebenza kwengqondo yabantu abanobukhoboka obahlukileyo kwimo kunye nomsebenzi weengqondo zabantu abangenakho ukubakhoboka. … Ukutya kunye nokuziphatha ngokwesondo kunye nokuziphatha ngokungcakaza kunokunxulunyaniswa "nokulandela indlela yokufumana umvuzo" ochazwe kule nkcazo intsha.

Abaphandi ababini abaqhelanisiweyo bomhlaba, kunye namalungu e-ASAM, banikela imibono yabo iminyaka ngaphambi kokuba intsha ingcaciso:

  1. Intloko yeZiko leSizwe leSizwe ngokuSetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi (i-NIDA) uGqirha Nora Volkow, ucebise ukuba igama lale arhente litshintshelwe kwi "Ziko leSizwe leZifo ngeZifo," ukujongana nemikhwa yokuziphatha njengokungcakaza,Izilingo ezininzi, iStigma encinane).
  2. Uphando lomlingo, Eric Nestler, unayo le Q & A kweyakhe website, i-Nestler Labs.

UMBUZO: Ngaba olu tshintsho lwenzeka ngokwemvelo kwingqondo yakho ngaphandle kwefuthe leziyobisi?

I MPENDULO: "Kungenzeka ukuba utshintsho olufanayo olufana nolunye uhlobo lwezifo ezibandakanya ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo kwemivuzo yemvelo, iimeko ezinjenge-pathological over-eating, i-pathological gambling, i-addictions of sex and so on."

Kodwa 'umlutha woonobumba' awubonakali, akunjalo?

Njengoko unokuva kwiimidiya, i-American Psychiatric Association (APA) iqhube iinyawo zayo ekubandakanyekeni ukuxilongwa kwezilwanyana ezinomlutha / ukunyanzelisa i-intanethi kwi I-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual. Enyanisweni, i-APA ayizange ihlolisise ngokuqhelekileyo "umlutha we-intanethi" kwi-2013 ye-5 (DSM-5). Ixesha elide lokugqibela leengxaki zokuziphatha ngokwesini linconywe ukuba lifakwe yiqela le-DSM-5 yoBucala loBuchule emva kweminyaka yemigudu. Nangona kunjalo, kwiseshoni yeshumi elinanye "ikamelo leenkwenkwezi" kwiseshoni (ngokuhambelana nelungu leQela loMsebenzi), amanye amagosa e-DSM-5 awamkela ngokungafani ukuxhatshazwa kwabantu ngokwesini, ecacisa izizathu ezichazwe ngokungenangqiqo. Ngokomzekelo, i-DSM-XNUMX isinconywe ukuqhubela phambili ukufundwa kwe-intanethi ye-intanethi ye-intanethi "I-Intanethi yeMidlalo yeMidlalo," ngelixa iyancipha ukunyusa ukuqhutyelwa phambili kokufunda "Ukukhubazeka Kwe-Inthanethi".

Ukufikelela kwesi sikhundla, i-DSM-5 ayinakugxeka iingxelo ezixhaphakileyo zabachaphazelekayo kunye neekliniki zabo zemiqondiso, iimpawu kunye neziphathamandla ezihambelana nokuxhatshazwa, kunye nesinconywa esisemthethweni seengcali zezobugcisa kunye nophando kwi-American Society of Addiction Medicine. Imbali ethile: i-DSM inezigxeka ezikhethileyo ezichasayo indlela yokunyanzelisa i-theory yezokwelapha kunye nokugxininisa ukuxilongwa kwayo kwiimpawu (kunokuba i-physiological underlying). Oku kubangela ezinye izigqibo eziphosakeleyo, ezopolitiko ezichasayo inyaniso. Ngokomzekelo, ngokukhawuleza ukubeka ubungqingili njengengxaki yengqondo.

Ngaphambi kokushicilelwa kwe-DSM-5 kwi-2013, UMlawuli weSizwe sikaZwelonke seMpilo yengqondo uThomas Insel waxwayisa ukuba yayilixesha lokuba icandelo lezempilo yengqondo liyeke ukuxhomekeka kwi-DSM. I-DSMubuthathaka ukungabikho kokusebenza, ”Watsho, kwaye"asinakuphumelela ukuba sisebenzisa iindidi zeDSM njenge "mgangatho wegolide.". "Wongeze wathi,"Yingakho i-NIMH iya kuphinda iphinde iqhube uphando lwalo uphando kwiinkalo ze-DSM. ”Ngamanye amagama, i-NIMH ayisayi kuphinda ixhase uphando olusekwe kufunyaniso lweDSM.

Ukususela kwipapasho ye-DSM-5, amakhulu emininzi ye-intanethi kunye ne-intanethi ye-addiction studies addiction, kunye nezifundo ezininzi ze-intanethi ze-addiction ye-intanethi ziye zaphuma zibeka phantsi i-DSM-5 isikhundla. Ngenzeka, nangona ingqwalasela yeendaba kwi-DSM-5, iingcali ezisebenzisana nabo abaneengxaki zokuziphatha ngokwesini ziye zaqhubeka zixilonga iingxaki ezinjalo. Basebenzisa olunye uxilongwe kwi-DSM-5 kunye nenye ukusuka kwi-ICD-10 yangoku, iNcwadana yezeMpilo yeNhlabathi isetyenzisiweyo esisetyenziswa ngokubanzi, i Ulwahlulo lwaMazwe ngamazwe.

Iindaba eziphambili kukuba i-World Health Organization ikulungise iphutha le-DSM-5. Ngokungafani nabahleli be-DSM-5, abahleli be-ICD-11 banconywa ukuba banise ukuxilongwa kwempilo entsha yengqondo eya kubandakanya abo baneengxaki eziphathelele ukuziphatha kakubi ngokwesondo. Nantsi ulwimi olukhoyo olukhoyo:

6C92 Inkinga yokuziphatha ngokwesondo iphawuleka ngephethini eqhubekayo yokungaphumeleli ukulawula okukhulu, ukuphindaphinda kwezesondo okanye ukubongoza okuphindaphindiweyo kwezesondo. Iimpawu zinokubandakanya ukuphindaphindiweyo kwezesondo ukuba yinto ephambili ebomini bomntu ukuya kwinqanaba lokungahoyi impilo kunye nokukhathalela umntu okanye ezinye izinto, imisebenzi kunye noxanduva; Iinzame ezininzi ezingaphumelelanga zokunciphisa kakhulu impinda yokuziphatha ngokwesondo; kwaye uqhubeke ngokuziphatha okuphindaphindiweyo ngokwesondo ngaphandle kweziphumo ezibi okanye ufumana ukwaneliseka okuncinci okanye ungonelisi kuyo.

Le ndlela ukusilela ukulawula, iminqweno olukhulu ngokwesini okanye iminqweno kunye nomphumela ukuziphatha ngokwesondo eyodwa, athe wabonakala phezu ixesha elide (umzekelo, iinyanga ezi-6 okanye nangaphezulu), yaye kubangela iphawulwe ukubandezeleka okanye ukuncipha ebalulekileyo lobuqu, usapho, zentlalo, zemfundo, Umsebenzi, okanye ezinye iindawo ezibalulekileyo ezisebenzayo. Uxinzelelo olunxulumene ngokupheleleyo nokugwetywa ngokuziphatha kunye nokungavumi malunga nesifiso sokuziphatha ngokwesondo, iminqweno, okanye isimilo ayanele ukufezekisa le mfuno.

Ukufumana i-akhawunti echanekileyo ye-ICD-11, yabona eli nqaku lwakutshanje nguMbutho woPhuhliso lwezeNtlalo (SASH): "Ukuziphatha ngokunyanisekileyo kwezesondo" kuye kwahlulwa yiNhlangano yezeMpilo yoMhlaba njengengxaki yokugula ngengqondo. Ukufumana ulwazi kwi-shenanigans yi-PhD eqhutywa zi-ajenda, bona - Abapropagand bawaphikisa amaphepha ukuba baxele amabango amanga ukuba i-ICD-11 ye-WHO "inqande ukutshabalalisa i-porn kunye nokulutha kwesondo"

Imeko yesondo

Ayinguye wonke umntu onengxaki yokusetyenziswa koonografi ongumlutha. Iingxaki ezininzi zibonakala zisisiphumo sabathengi abajongana nempendulo yabo ngokwesondo kwi-porn ye-intanethi. Bona ngakumbi Ukuziphatha ngokwesondo.

Amacandelo aqukethe amawaka ezifundo ezifanelekileyo: