January 18, 2012
PITTSBURGH—Ulutsha lusesichengeni sokukhula kweziphazamiso ezifana nokuba likhoboka kunye nokudakumba, ngokutsho kwephepha elipapashwe ngabaphandi basePitt namhlanje, ngoJan. Iinkqubo ze-National Academy of Science.
Uphononongo lukhokelwa nguBita Moghaddam, umbhali wephepha kunye noprofesa we-neuroscience kwi-Pitt's Kenneth P. Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences. Yena kunye no-David Sturman, umfundi we-MD / PhD kwiNkqubo yoQeqesho lweNzululwazi yezoNyango yasePitt, bathelekisa umsebenzi wobuchopho wabafikisayo kunye nabantu abadala kwiimpuku ezibandakanyekayo kumsebenzi abalindele umvuzo.
Abaphandi bafumene umsebenzi owandisiweyo weeseli zobuchopho kwingqondo yeempuku ezifikisayo kwindawo engaqhelekanga: i-dorsal striatum (DS) -indawo edla ngokunxulunyaniswa nokwakheka komkhwa, ukwenza izigqibo, kunye nokufunda okukhuthazwayo. Imimandla yeDS yeempuku zabantu abadala, kwelinye icala, ayizange isebenze ngumvuzo owawulindelwe.
"Ummandla wobuchopho ngokwesiko unxulunyaniswa nomvuzo kunye nenkuthazo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-nucleus accumbens, yenziwe yasebenza ngokufanayo kubantu abadala nakwishumi elivisayo," utshilo uMoghaddam. "Kodwa ubuntununtunu obukhethekileyo be-DS yokufikisa ukuvuza ulindelo lubonisa ukuba, kweli qela leminyaka, umvuzo unokungena ngqo kwindawo yobuchopho ebaluleke kakhulu ekufundeni nasekuziqhelaniseni nemikhwa."
Ngokwesiqhelo, abaphandi bafunda unxibelelwano phakathi kokuziphatha okwahlukeneyo kolutsha kunye nabantu abadala. Iqela likaPitt, nangona kunjalo, lasebenzisa indlela abayibiza ngokuba “kukunyanzeliswa kokuziphatha” ukufunda ukuba iingqondo zolutsha zenza ngendlela eyahlukileyo indlela yokuziphatha. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, abaphandi bafakela ii-electrode kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yeempuku ezifikisayo kunye nobuchopho obudala, bevumela abaphandi ukuba bafunde ukuphendula kwee-neuron zombini kunye nenani lee-neurons, okanye "abemi," umsebenzi.
Uqikelelo lwabaphandi luye lwangqineka luchanile. Nangona indlela yokuziphatha yayifana kuzo zombini iimpuku zabantu abadala kunye nabafikisayo, abaphandi baqaphela umahluko wempendulo ye-neural enxulumene nobudala obuphawuleka ngakumbi kwi-DS ngexesha lolindelo lomvuzo. Oku kubonisa ukuba ayisiyiyo kuphela ixesha elilindelekileyo lokuvuza eliqhutywe ngokwahlukileyo kwingqondo yokufikisa, kodwa kunokuchaphazela imimandla yengqondo enoxanduva oluthe ngqo ekwenzeni izigqibo kunye nokukhetha isenzo.
"Ubutsha lixesha apho iimpawu zezifo ezininzi zengqondo-ezifana ne-schizophrenia kunye ne-bipolar kunye nokuphazamiseka kokutya-zibonakaliswa kuqala, ngoko sikholelwa ukuba eli lixesha elibalulekileyo lokuthintela ezi zifo," kusho uMoghaddam. "Ukuqonda ngcono indlela ingqondo yokufikisa eqhuba ngayo umvuzo kunye nokwenza izigqibo kubalulekile ekuqondeni isiseko sobu buthathaka kunye nokuyila izicwangciso zokuthintela."
Iqela lePitt liya kuqhubeka lithelekisa ukuziphatha kwabantu abaselula kunye nokuziphatha kwabantu abadala, ngokukodwa njengoko kuhambelana nezikhuthazo-ezifana ne-amphetamines-kunye nefuthe labo kumsebenzi wobuchopho.
Iziko leSizwe leMpilo yeNgqondo lixhase ngemali le projekthi.
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