Izifundo zeBongo zaBasebenzisi baTyala kunye nabaTyhini baSini

Eli phepha linoluhlu ezimbini (1Amagqabantshintshi asekwe kwi-neuroscience kunye nokuphononongwa koncwadi, kwaye, (2) Izifundo ze-neurological zokuvavanya ukwakhiwa kobuchopho kunye nokusebenza kwabasebenzisi be-porn ye-Intanethi kunye nezesondo / iziyobisi ze-porn (Ukuxhatshazwa kwezesondo zoMzimba).

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, zonke kodwa zimbini kwizifundo ze-neurological ezingama-62 ezipapashiweyo zibonelela ngenkxaso yemodeli yokulutha (akukho zifundo ezikhohlisayo umzekelo wokuxhatshazwa koonwabo). Iziphumo zezi ~Izifundo ze-60 ze-neurological (kwaye izifundo ezizayo) ziyahambelana Amakhulu okulutha kwi-Intanethi “Ingqondo izifundo ”, ezinye zazo zibandakanya ukusebenzisa i-intanethi ye-intanethi. Yonke inkxaso inkxaso yokuba intengiso ye-intanethi ingabangela ukuba utshintsho olubangelwa yi-addiction, olufana nolwenziwe Ngaphezulu kwe-60 yezifundo ezixela ukukhuphuka / ukunyamezelana (ukuhlala) kunye neempawu zokurhoxa.

Iphepha liqala nge-34 elandelayo kutshanje isiseko se-neuroscience Amagqabantshintshi kunye nokuphononongwa koncwadi (kudweliswe ngumhla wopapasho):

Uphengululo loncwadi kunye neeNkcazo:

1) I-neuroscience ye-Intanethi yezoLimo:Love et al., 2015). Ukuhlaziywa ngokugqibeleleyo kwincwadi ye-neuroscience ehambelana ne-intanethi yeentlobo ze-intanethi, ngokujoliswe ngokukodwa kwi-intanethi ye-addiction. Ukuphononongwa kwakhona kuhlalutya ezimbini Ucwaningo lwe-EEG lwe-headline-grabbing ngamaqela aphethwe UNicole Prause (ngubani amabango amanga Iziphumo zaphosa ukuthandabuza ukuba likhoboka leziyobisi ezingamanyala). Iicaphuno:

Abaninzi bayaqaphela ukuba iimpawu ezininzi ezinokuchaphazela umjikelezo wesiphaluka ebuntwini babantu zikhokelela ekulahlekelweni kolawulo kunye nezinye iimpawu zokulutha umlingo ubuncinane kwabanye abantu. Ngokubhekiselele kumlutha we-intanethi, uphando lwe-intanethi lusekela ukucinga ukuba phantsi kweenkqubo ze-neural zifana nokuxhatshazwa kweziyobisi ... Ngaphakathi kwesi sihlolisiso, sinika isishwankathelo seengcamango ezicetywayo kunye nokunika ingqwalasela malunga nezifundo zesayensi kwi-intanethi ye-intanethi kunye ne-intanethi yemidlalo yokudlala. Ngaphezu koko, sihlolisise uncedo lweencwadi ze-intanethi kwi-intanethi yokuxhatshazwa koonografi kunye nokudibanisa iziphumo kumzekelo wokuxhatshazwa. Ukuphononongwa kukukhokelela ekugqibeleni ukuba ukugqithisa i-intanethi ye-intanethi ihambelana nesakhelo soxilongo kwaye ikwabelana ngeendlela ezifanayo ezisisiseko kunye nokulutha kweziyobisi.

2) Ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo njengeSifo: Ubungqina boVavanyo, ukuchonga, kunye nokuphendula kwabahlalutyi (Phillips et al., 2015), esinika isatifiketi esithatha ingqalelo ekugxilweni ngokukodwa koonobumba / ubundlobongela ngesondo, ukunika izikhalazo ezibaphikisayo. Amacatshulwa:

Njengoko kubonwe kulo lonke eli nqaku, izigxeko eziqhelekileyo zesini njengomlutha osemthethweni azibambeki xa zithelekiswa nentshukumo phakathi kwezonyango kunye noluntu lwesayensi kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo. Kukho ubungqina obuninzi besayensi kunye nenkxaso yesondo kunye6 kunye nezinye iindlela zokuziphatha ezifanele zamkelwe njengomlutha. Le nkxaso ivela kwiinkalo ezininzi zokuziqhelanisa kwaye inika ithemba elimangalisayo lokwamkela ngokwenene utshintsho njengoko siyiqonda ngcono ingxaki. Amashumi eminyaka ophando kunye nophuhliso kwicandelo leyeza lokulutha kunye ne-neuroscience lutyhila iindlela ezisisiseko zobuchopho ezibandakanyekayo kubukhoboka. Izazinzulu zichonge iindlela eziqhelekileyo ezichatshazelwa kukuziphatha okukhobokisayo kunye nomahluko phakathi kobuchopho babantu abakhobokileyo nabangengomakhoboka, ukuveza izinto eziqhelekileyo zokulutha, nokuba yintoni na okanye ukuziphatha. Nangona kunjalo, kusekho umsantsa phakathi kwenkqubela phambili yenzululwazi kunye nokuqonda koluntu ngokubanzi, umgaqo-nkqubo woluntu, kunye nenkqubela phambili yonyango.

3) I-Cybersex Addiction (Brand kunye neLaier, 2015). Amacatshulwa:

Abantu abaninzi basebenzisa i-cybersex applications, ngokukodwa i-intanethi. Abanye abantu bafumana ukulahleka kolawulo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwabo kwe-inthanethi kunye nokubika ukuba abanakukwazi ukulawula ukusetyenziswa kwabo kwe-inthanethi nangona bafumana imiphumo emibi. Amanqaku amva nje, ukuxilonga kwe-inthanethi kuthathwa njengoluhlobo oluthile lwe-intanethi. Ezinye izifundo zikhoyo ziphanda ukufana phakathi kokuxhatshazwa kwe-cybersex kunye nezinye izilingo zokuziphatha, ezifana ne-Internet Gaming Disorder. I-Cue-reactivity kunye nesifiso kuthathwa njengendima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni i-cybersex. Kwakhona, iindlela zokwenza uphando kunye nokugcinwa kwezilwanyana ezinobungozi nge-cyclone kubandakanya ukuphazamiseka kwisenzo sokwenza izigqibo kunye nemisebenzi yolawulo. Ucwaningo lwe-Neuroimaging luxhasa uxanduva lwezinto eziqhelekileyo eziphakathi kwe-cyber yobunzima kunye nezinye izilingo zokuziphatha kunye nokuxhomekeka kwezinto.

4) I-neurobiology yokuziphatha ngokuziimfesha ngesondo: i-Science emerging (Kraus et al., 2016). Amacatshulwa:

Nangona kungabandakanywa kwi-DSM-5, ukuziphatha ngokunyanzela ngokwesondo (CSB) kunokufunyanwa kwi-ICD-10 njengengxaki yokulawula ingqondo. Nangona kunjalo, ingxoxo ikhona malunga nokuhlelwa kwe-CSB. Uphando olongezelelweyo lufunekayo ukuqonda indlela iimpawu ze-neurobiological ezihambelana namanyathelo afanelekileyo ekliniki ezifana neziphumo zonyango ze-CSB. Ukuchonga i-CSB njengendlela 'yokulutha ukuziphatha' kuya kuba nefuthe elikhulu kwimigudu, ukukhusela kunye nokwenyango lwemizamo ... Ukunikezelwa kwezinto ezifanayo phakathi kwe-CSB kunye neziyobisi ezingekho iziyobisi, ukungenelela okunokwenziwa kwemiphunga kungabamba isithembiso kwi-CSB, ngaloo ndlela unike ingqiqo kwiindlela ezizayo zophando ukuphanda oku kwenzeka ngqo.

5) Ngaba ukuziphatha koSondo okunyanzelekileyo kufuneka kuthathelwe ingxaki? (IKraus et al., 2016). Amacatshulwa:

Ngenxa yokukhululwa kwe-DSM-5, ukukhubazeka ngcakazo kwandiswe kwakhona ngeengxaki zokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi. Olu tshintsho lunzima ukuba iinkolelo zokuba umlutha wenziwa kuphela ngokungenisa izixhobo eziguqula ingqondo kwaye kunempembelelo ebalulekileyo kumgaqo-nkqubo, ukukhusela kunye nocwangciso lwezocwangciso. Iinkcukacha zibonisa ukuba ukubandakanya ngokugqithiseleyo kwezinye iindlela zokuziphatha (umz. Umdlalo, isondo, ukuthenga izinto ezinyanzelisayo) kunokunokwabelana ngekliniki, izakhi zofuzo, i-neurobiological kunye ne-phenomenological efana nezobisi ezinobungozi.

Omnye ummandla ofuna uphando olungakumbi uquka ukuba utshintsho lwezobuchwepheshe lunokuchaphazela njani ukuziphatha kwabantu ngokwesondo. Njengoko idatha ibonisa ukuba ukuziphatha ngokwesini kuqhutywe nge-intanethi kunye nezicelo ze-smartphone, uphando olongezelelweyo lufanele luqwalasele indlela ubuchwepheshe bedijithali obuchaphazela ngayo i-CSB (umz. Ukuphoqa i-masturbation kwi-intanethi okanye kwiindawo zokungcebelelana ngesondo) kunye nokubandakanyeka kwiimpawu zokuziphatha zesondo (umz. kwelinye ilanga).

Iimpawu ezigqithisiweyo zikhoyo phakathi kwe-CSB kunye neengxaki zokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi. Iinkqubo eziqhelekileyo ze-neurotransmitter zinokufaka isandla kwi-CSB kunye neengxaki zokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, kwaye uphando olutshanje lwe-neuroimaging lubonisa ukufana okumalunga nokukhanga nokukhathazeka. Unyango oluthile lwezonyango lwezonyango nolwazi lwe-psychotherapeutic lungasetyenziswa kwi-CSB kunye nezilwanyana zonyango.

6) Isiseko se-Neurobiological of Hysexualality (Kuhn kunye neGallinat, 2016). Amacatshulwa:

Izilingo zokuziphatha kunye nokuxhatshazwa kobuxhatshazo kufuneka zisikhumbuze ukuba ukuziphatha kakubi kuncike kwindlela yethu yokuphila kwendalo. Ubundlobongela luyinto ebalulekileyo ekusindeni kweentlobo kuba kuyindlela yokuvelisa. Ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba isondo sithathwa njengolonwabo kwaye sinempahla ebalulekileyo, kwaye nangona ingaba ngumlutha apho iimeko zesondo zingaqhutyelwa ngendlela eyingozi kwaye ingabalulekiyo, i-neural basis for addiction ingaba yinjongo ebaluleke kakhulu Injongo ephambili yokulandela abantu .... Ukuthatyathwa ndawonye, ​​ubungqina bubonakala bubonisa ukuba utshintsho kwi-lobe yangaphambili, i-amygdala, i-hippocampus, i-hypothalamus, i-septum, neengqondo zengqondo ezenza umvuzo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuveleni koxhatshazo. Izifundo ze-Genetic kunye neuropharmacological indlela yokwelapha kwindlela ekubandakanyekeni kwenkqubo ye-dopaminergic.

7) Indlela yokuziphatha ngokwezesondo ngokunyanisekileyo njengengxaki yokuziphatha: Impembelelo ye-Intanethi kunye nezinye iingxaki (Griffiths, 2016). Amacatshulwa:

Ndenze uphando olusesikweni kwiindlela ezininzi zokuzilahla ngokuziphatha (ukugembula, ukudlala imidlalo yevidiyo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi, ukuzivocavoca, ubulili, umsebenzi, njl.) Kwaye uye wathi iingxaki ezithile zengxaki yokuziphatha ngokwesondo zingabalwa njengezidakamizwa zesondo, kuxhomekeka inkcazo yobutya esetyenziswayo ....

Ukuba ingxaki yokuziphatha ngokwesini ichazwa njengendlela yokuziphatha ngokwesondo (CSB), ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesini kunye / okanye ingxaki yokuxhatshazwa kwabantu, kukho amawaka abaphengululi beengqondo emhlabeni jikelele abaphatha izifo ezinjalo. Ngenxa yoko, ubungqina beklinikhi abaye banceda kwaye baphathe abantu abanjalo kufuneka banikezwe ngokukhululeka kweengingqi zoluntu ....

Ngokuqinisekileyo olona phuhliso lubalulekileyo kwicandelo le-CSB kunye nokulutha ngokwesondo yindlela i-intanethi etshintsha ngayo kunye nokwenza lula i-CSB. Oku akuzange kukhankanywe kude kube ngumhlathi wokugqibela, kodwa uphando kwi-intanethi ye-intanethi (ngelixa iquka isiseko esincinci sezobugcisa) sele ikhona ukususela ekupheleni kwe-1990s, kubandakanywa nobukhulu beesampula ukuya kuma-10 000 abantu. Ngapha koko, kuye kwakho uphononongo lwamva nje lweenkcukacha ezimalunga nokubakho kweziyobisi kwi-Intanethi kunye nonyango. Oku kuchaze uninzi lweempawu ezithile ze-intanethi ezinokuthi ziququzelele kwaye zikhuthaze utyekelo lokulutha ngokunxulumene nokuziphatha ngokwesondo (ukufikeleleka, ukufikeleleka, ukungaziwa, ukunceda, ukubaleka, ukubulala iintsholongwane, njl.

8) Ukukhangela Ubungqina Emanzini Amadaka: Ukuqwalasela Ngexesha Elizayo Ukubeka Ukuziphatha Ngokunyanzela Ngokwezesondo Njenge-Addiction (Kraus et al., 2016). Amacatshulwa:

Sisandul 'ukujonga ubungqina ngokubeka isenzo sokunyanzelisa ngokwesondo (CSB) njengento engekho yobutyebi (ukuziphatha). Uphononongo lwethu lufumene ukuba i-CSB yabelane ngempilo, i-neurobiological kunye ne-phenomenological efanayo neengxaki zokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ....

Nangona i-American Psychiatric Association inqatshelwe ingxaki ye-hypersexual ephuma kwi-DSM-5, ukuxilongwa kwe-CSB (i-sex-drive excessively) ingenziwa nge-ICD-10. I-CSB ikwaqwalaselwa kwakhona yi-ICD-11, nangona ukufakwa kwayo kokugqibela akuqinisekanga. Ucwaningo lwexesha elizayo lufanele luqhubeke nokwakha ulwazi nokuqinisa isakhelo sokuqonda kakuhle i-CSB nokuguqula olu lwazi kumgaqo-nkqubo ophuculweyo, ukukhusela, ukuxilongwa, kunye nokunyanga kwimizamo yokunciphisa impembelelo emibi ye-CSB.

9) Ngaba iinthombe zoononopasho ze-intanethi zibangelwa izidakamizwa zesondo? Ukuphononongwa ngeeNgxelo zeKlinikhi (Park et al., 2016). Uhlaziyo olubanzi lweencwadi ezinxulumene neengxaki zesini zesondo ezibangelwa iicons. Ukubandakanya i-7 oogqirha be-Navy wase-US kunye noGary Wilson, ukuhlaziywa kunika iinkcukacha zakutsha ngokubonisa ukunyuka okukhulu kweengxaki zesini zolutsha. Iphinde iphinde iphinde ihlolisise iiprogram eziphathelene nokuxhatshazwa kwezesondo kunye nesimo sezesondo nge-intanethi. Oogqirha bahlinzeka ngeengxelo ze-3 zecandelo lamadoda aphuhlisa i-porn-induced the dysfunctions. Iphepha lesibini le-2016 likaGary Wilson lixubusha ukubaluleka kokufunda imiphumo yoononophala ngokuba nezifundo eziyeka ukusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana: Ukuphelisa i-Intanethi engapheliyo I-Iphonyayili Yisebenzise Ukutyhila Imiphumo Yayo (2016). Amacatshulwa:

Iimpawu zendabuko ebezichaze iingxaki zesini zesini zibonakala zingenakulungele ukuba i-akhawunti ikhule ngokukhawuleza kwi-erectile dysfunction, i-delayed ejaculation, iyanciphisa ukwaneliseka ngokwesini, kwaye iyanciphisa i-libido ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo phakathi kwamadoda phantsi kwe-40. Olu hlalutyo (i-1) lijonga idatha kwiindawo ezininzi, umzekelo, iikliniki, i-biological (utywala / urology), yengqondo (isimo sengqondo sesini), i-sociological; kwaye (2) iveza uluhlu lweengxelo zeklinikhi, zonke ngenjongo yokucebisa isicwangciso esithile esinokuthi senze uphando ngexesha elizayo le meko. Utshintsho kwinkqubo yokukhuthaza kwengqondo ihlolisiswa njenge-etiology ebonakalayo ejongene nokuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo.

Olu hlaziyo luthathela ingqalelo ubungqina bokuba iipropathi ezingamanyala ezenziwa kwi-Intanethi (ezinobunqabileyo obungenamda, ukubakho lula kokuya kwinto egqithisileyo, ifomati yevidiyo, njl. Njl.) Zisenokubakho ngokwaneleyo kwimeko yokuvuselela inkanuko yesini kwimiba yokusebenzisa iphonografi kwi-Intanethi engaguquki ngokulula iye kwinyani -Iqabane elinobomi, elokuba iintlobano zesini kunye namaqabane anqwenelekayo zingabhalisi njengoko kulindelwe intlanganiso kunye nokuhla komtshato Iingxelo zeklinikhi zibonisa ukuba ukuyeka ukusetyenziswa kwe-Intanethi iphonografi ngamanye amaxesha kuyanele ukuphelisa iziphumo ezingalunganga, kugxininisa imfuneko yophando olunzulu kusetyenziswa iindlela ezinezifundo ezisusa umahluko wokusebenzisa iphonografi kwi-Intanethi.

3.4. Iingxaki ze-intanethi ezinxulumene ne-Intanethi ye-Intanethi-Iingxaki zobulili ezibangelwayo: Siyicinga ukuba imifanekiso engamanyala-eyabangela ubunzima bezesondo ifaka phakathi kokungahambi kakuhle kunye nokunyaniseka kwisistim sokukhuphaza kwengqondo [72, 129] kunye ne-coral correlates nganye, okanye zombini, sele zichongiwe kwizifundo zakutshanje kwi-intanethi yabasebenzisi boonografi [31, 48, 52, 53, 54, 86, 113, 114, 115, 120, 121, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134].

10) Ukudibanisa iingqondo kunye ne-Neurobiological Ngokubhekiselele kuPhuhliso kunye nokugcinwa kweengxaki ezixhomekeke kwi-Intanethi-Ukusetyenziswa: Ukusebenzisana koMntu-Impembelelo-Ukuqonda-umzekelo wokusetyenziswa (UBrand et al., 2016). Ukuhlaziywa kweendlela eziphambili ekuphuhliseni nasekugcinweni kweengxaki ezithile zokusebenzisa i-intanethi, kuquka "i-Intanethi-i-intanethi-ukujonga ingxaki". Ababhali bacetyisa ukuba umlutha woonografi (kunye noxilongo lwe-cybersex) uhlelwe njengengxaki yokusebenzisa i-intanethi kwaye ubeke ezinye izilwanyana zokuziphatha phantsi kweengxaki zokusebenzisa izidakamizwa njengendlela yokuzilahla. Amacatshulwa:

Nangona i-DSM-5 igxile kwibala le-intanethi, inani elinenjongo labalobi libonisa ukuba abantu abafuna unyango bangasebenzisa ezinye izicelo ze-intanethi okanye ii-sites addictively ....

Ukususela kwimeko yangoku yophando, sincoma ukuba zibandakanye iingxaki zokusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi kwi-ICD-11 ezayo. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ngaphandle kwengxaki yokudlala i-intanethi, ezinye iintlobo zezicelo zisetyenziselwa ingxaki. Enye indlela ingabandakanya ukuqaliswa kwexesha eliqhelekileyo le-intanethi yokusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi, leyo ingacaciswa ngokuqwalasela isicelo sokhetho lokuqala esetyenziswayo (umzekelo, ingxaki yokudlala i-intanethi, ukungcola kwe-intanethi, ukungaxhatshazwa kwe-Intanethi-ukusetyenziswa kwezifo, Ingxaki yoxhumano lwe-intanethi, kunye ne-Internet-shopping shopping).

11) I-Neurobiology yoLwaphulo loSondo: Isahluko seNewbiology of Addictions, i-Oxford Press (Hilton et al., 2016) - Amacatshulwa:

Sihlolisisa isiseko se-neurobiological sokuxhatshazwa, kuquka ukutshabalala kwemvelo okanye inkqubo, kwaye sixubushe ngendlela oku kuhambelana ngayo nokuqonda kwethu ngokuphathelele ngokwesini njengomvuzo wendalo ongasebenza "ongenakuxanduva" kubomi bomntu ....

Kucacile ukuba inkcazo yangoku kunye nokuqonda ukutshabalala kuye kwatshintsha ngokusetyelwa kolwazi malunga nendlela iingqondo ezifunda ngayo kunye neminqweno. Nangona ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesini kwachazwa ngaphambili ngokusekelwe kwiinkqubo zokuziphatha, ngoku kubonakala kwakhona nangomlingo we-neuromodulation. Abo bangenakukwazi ukuqonda izi ngcamango bangaqhubeka nokunamathela kwiinjongo ezingenayo i-neurologism, kodwa abo bakwazi ukuqonda indlela yokuziphatha kumxholo we-biology, le iparadigm entsha inikeza inkcazelo edibeneyo kunye neyosebenzayo yokuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo ekwazisa bobabini nososayensi kunye nonyango.

12) I-Neuroscience Isondela kwi-Online Pornography (Stark kunye neKlucken, 2017) - Amacatshulwa:

Ukufumaneka kwezinto eziphathekayo zobulili kuye kwanda kakhulu ngokuphuhliswa kwe-intanethi. Ngenxa yoko, amadoda acela unyango ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngenxa yokuba ukugqithisela ukusetyenziswa kwamanyala angabikho kolawulo; oko kukuthi, abakwazi ukuyeka okanye ukunciphisa ukuziphatha kwabo iingxaki nangona bajamelana nemiphumo emibi .... Kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo, uphando oluninzi lweendlela ze-neuroscientific approach, i-imagination magontic resonance imaging (fMRI), lwenziwe ukuze kuhlolwe i-corral correlates yokubukela iphonografi ngaphantsi kweemeko zokulinga kunye ne-coral coralates yokusetyenziswa koonografi okugqithisileyo. Ukunikezelwa kweziphumo zangaphambilini, ukusetyenziswa kwamanyala angaphantsi kwezinto ezingcolileyo kunokuxhunywa kwiinkqubo ze-neurobiological ezaziwa ngaphambili ekuphuhliseni izilingo ezinxulumene neziyobisi.

Ekugqibeleni, sishwankathela uphando, oluphanda i-correlates yobuninzi bokusetyenziswa kwezithombe ezingcolileyo kwinqanaba le-neural. Nangona kungabikho ukufundwa kwexesha elide, kuyacaca ukuba iziganeko ezibonakalayo kwindoda enoxhatshazo ngokwesondo yizona ziphumo ezingekho ezibangela ukusetyenziswa kwamanyala. Uninzi lweengxelo zibonisa ukuqina komsebenzi wesiganeko kwisiganeko somvuzo kwizinto eziphathekayo ngokwesini kubasebenzisi abangaphantsi koonografi kunokuba zilawulwe izifundo, ezibonisa ukufunyanwa kwezidakamizwa ezinxulumene neziyobisi. Iziphumo ezimalunga nokunciphisa ukutshatyalaliswa kwezinto eziphathekayo eziphathekayo kwizinto eziphathekayo ngokugqithisela ukugqithisa iingubo ezingcolileyo zingachazwa njengophawu lokungakwazi ukulawula ukuziphatha komlutha.

13) Ngaba ukuziphatha ngokwezesondo ngokugqithiseleyo kuyinkinga yomlutha? (IPotenza et al., 2017) - Amacatshulwa:

Ingxaki yokuziphatha ngokwezesondo zoxinzelelo (ukusetyenziswa njengengxaki yokuxhatshazwa kwe-hypersexual) yayicingelwa ukuba ifakwe kwi-DSM-5 kodwa ekugqibeleni ikhutshwe, nangona kuveliswa iikhrayitheriya ezisesikweni kunye nokuhlolwa kwetyala lokuhlola. Ukukhutshwa oku kuye kwaphazamisa ukukhusela, ukuphanda, kunye nonyango, kunye nabakliniki abashiya ngaphandle kokuxilongwa ngokusemthethweni kwintlungu yokuziphatha ngokwesondo.

Uphando kwi-neurobiology yesinyanzeliso sokuziphatha ngokwesondo kuvelise iziphumo ezinxulumene nokukhathalela okuqwalaselwayo, iinkuthazo zesifo sokuqaqamba, kunye nokusebenza kwakhona kwengqondo esekwe kwingqondo ebonisa ukufana okunje ngeziyobisi. Ukuziphatha okungafunekiyo ngokwesini kuyaphakanyiswa njengokuphazamiseka kolawulo lwe-ICD-11, ehambelana nembono ecetywayo yokuba umnqweno, ukuqhubeka kothethathethwano ngaphandle kwemiphumo emibi, ukubandakanyeka okunyanzelekileyo, kunye nokunciphisa okubonakalayo kubonisa iimpawu eziphambili zokuphazamiseka kokulawulwa okungafunekiyo.

Olu luvo lunokuba belulungele ukuphazamiseka kolawulo lwe-DSM-IV, ingakumbi ukugembula. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zinto kudala zithathwa njengezona zibalulekileyo ekukhobokiseni, kwaye kwinguqu ukusuka kwiDSM-IV ukuya kwiDSM-5, udidi lweMpembelelo zoLawulo lweMpembelelo Azikho kwenye indawo Ibiwe ngokutsha, ngohlobo lokungcakaza olwe-pathological lwaphinda lwabizwa njengesiyobisi. Okwangoku, indawo yedrafti ye-ICD-11 idwelisa uluhlu lweemeko zokuthintelwa, kwaye ibandakanya ukungaziphathi kakuhle ngokwesini, pyromania, kleptomania, kunye neziqhushumbo zokuqhushumba.

Ingxaki yokuziphatha ngokwezesondo ebonakalayo ifanelana kakuhle kunye neengxaki ezingabonakali kweziyobisi ezicetywayo ze-ICD-11, ezihambelanayo nexesha elincinci lokuxhatshazwa ngokwesini ngokucetywayo ngokunyanzeliswa kokuziphatha ngokwesondo kwi-website ye-ICD-11. Siyakholelwa ukuba udidi lwesifo sengqondo sokunyanzelisa ngokwesondo njengengxaki yokulahla i-addictive disorder ihambelana nedatha yakutshanje kwaye inokuncedisa iikliniki, abaphandi kunye nabantu abachaphazelekayo kwaye bachaphazelekayo ngokwabo.

14) I-neurobiology ye-Pornography Addiction - Uhlolo lweklinikhi (UDe Sousa kunye noLodha, 2017) - Amacatshulwa:

Ukuphononongwa kuqala kubheka i-neurobiology eyisiseko yokuxilonga kunye nesiseko somvuzo wesiphaluka kunye nezakhiwo ezibandakanyeka ngokubanzi nasiphi na umlutha. Ugxininiso luya kutshintshwa kwiinkanuko zoononografi kunye nezifundo ezenziwe kwi-neurobiology yale mqathango zihlaziywa. Indima ye-dopamine ekugqithiseni i-pornography ihlaziywa kunye nenendima yezakhiwo ezithile zobuchopho njengoko zibonwa kwizifundo ze-MRI. Ucwaningo lwe-FMRI olubandakanya i-stimuli ebonakalayo yezesondo sele isetyenziswe ngokubanzi ukuze ufunde i-neuroscience emva kokusetyenziswa koonopopasho kwaye iziphumo ezivela kwezi zifundo zigqatshelwe. Umphumo wezilwanyana ezingcolileyo zoononophala kwimisebenzi ephezulu yokujonga iingcamango kunye nomsebenzi olawulayo ugxininiswe.

Ngokubanzi, amaqaku e-59 atyunjwe okubandakanya ukuphononongwa, ukuphononongwa kwimizuzu kunye namaphepha ophando olusisiseko kwimicimbi yokusetyenziswa koononografi, ukuxilonga kunye neurobiology. Amaphepha ophando ahlaziywe apha ayekwiindawo ezichasene nesiseko se-neurobiological sokunyangwa koonografi. Sayiquka izifundo ezazisetyenziswa ngobukhulu besampula yesampula kunye nendlela efanelekileyo yokuhlalutya. Kwakukho uphando oluthile kunye nabathathi-nxaxheba abambalwa, uchungechunge lwamacandelo, iingxelo zeengxelo kunye nezifundo zokuziphatha eziye zahlaziywa kule phepha. Bobabini abalobi bahlaziywe onke amaphepha kunye nezona zifanelekileyo zikhethiweyo kulolu hlaziyo. Oku kwaxhaswa ngokuqhubekayo kunye nolwazi lwabomi bebliniki bobabini abalobi abasebenza rhoqo nezigulane apho ukugqithiswa koonografi kunye nokubukela kuyimpawu ebandezelayo. Ababhali nabo banamava okugula ngengqondo ngezi gulane ezongeze ixabiso kwi-neurobiological understanding.

15) Ubungqina bePudding buyinkqubo yokutya: Iinkcukacha zifunekayo ukuvavanya iimodeli kunye neengcamango ezihambelanayo neentlobo zoLuntu (Sexual Behaviors)IGola kunye nePotenza, 2018) - Amacatshulwa:

Njengoko kuchaziwe kwenye indawo (Kraus, Voon, & Potenza, 2016a), kukho inani elandayo lokupapashwa kwi-CSB, efikelela ngaphezulu kwe-11,400 ngo-2015. Nangona kunjalo, imibuzo esisiseko malunga nokuqwalaselwa kwe-CSB ihlala ingaphendulwa (Potenza, Gola, Voon, Kor, & Kraus, 2017). Kuya kubakho ukuqwalasela indlela i-DSM kunye nayo Ulwahlulo lwaMazwe ngamazwe (I-ICD) isebenza ngokubhekiselele kwinkcazo kunye neenkqubo zokuhlenga. Ngokwenza njalo, sicinga ukuba kufanelekileyo ukugxila kwingxaki yokugembula (kunye nokubizwa ngokuba ngumdlalo wokugembula) kunye nendlela ekuqwalaselwe ngayo kwi-DSM-IV kunye ne-DSM-5 (kunye ne-ICD-10 kunye ne-ICD-11 ezayo). Kwi-DSM-IV, ukugembula kwentsholongwane kwakunomxholo othi "Ingxaki yokuLawula umonakalo engekho kwenye indawo." Kwi-DSM-5, yafakwa kwakhona njenge-"Related-Related and Addictive Disorder". Indlela efanayo ifanele isetyenziswe kwi-CSB, okwangoku ithatyathwa ukuba ifakwe njengengxaki yokulawulwa kwemizwa e-ICD-11 (Grant et al., 2014; Kraus et al., 2018) ....

Phakathi kwezikhundla ezingabonisa ukuba kufana phakathi kwe-CSB kunye neengxaki zokulutha umlutha zifundo ze-neuroimaging, ngezifundo eziliqela zakutshanje ezishiywe nguWalton et al. (I2017). Izifundo zokuqala zazisoloko zivavanya i-CSB ngokubhekisele kwiimodeli zokulutha (kuhlolwe kwiGola, Wordecha, Marchewka, & Sescousse, 2016b; IKraus, Voon, kunye nePotenza, 2016b). Imodeli ephambili-ithiyori yenkuthazo (iRobinson kunye neBerridge, 1993) -Ichaza ukuba kubantu abanamakhoboka, imikhwa enxulumene nezinto zokuxhatshazwa inokufumana amaxabiso okomeleza amandla kwaye ivuse umnqweno. Ezo mpendulo zinokuhambelana nokusebenza kwemimandla yobuchopho ebandakanyeka kulungiso lomvuzo, kubandakanya ne-ventral striatum. Imisebenzi yokuvavanya ukwenziwa kwakhona kwe-cue kunye nokulungiswa kwembuyekezo kunokuhlengahlengiswa ukuze kuphandwe ubuchwephesha beempawu (umz. 2013), kwaye sisanda kusebenzisa lo msebenzi ukufundisisa isampula yekliniki (Gola et al., 2017).

Sifumanise ukuba abantu abafuna unyango lokusebenzisa iphonografi enengxaki kunye nokuhambisa indlwabu, xa kuthelekiswa nokulinganiswa (ngobudala, isini, umvuzo, inkolo, inani lonxibelelwano ngesondo namaqabane, ukuvuseleleka ngokwesondo) izifundo zolawulo olusempilweni, kubonise ukwanda kwesenzo se-cyral striatal imbuyekezo, kodwa hayi ngenxa yemivuzo ehambelana nayo hayi eyimali kunye nembuyekezo. Le patheni yokusebenza kwengqondo kwakhona ihambelana nengcinga yokunyusa ukunganyaniseki kwaye iphakamise ukuba into ephambili ye-CSB inokubandakanya ukwenziwa kwakhona komnqweno okanye umnqweno owenziwe ziinkqubo zokuqala zokungathathi hlangothi ezihambelana nomsebenzi wokwabelana ngesondo kunye nokukhuthaza ngokwesondo.

Idatha eyongezelelweyo iphakamisa ukuba eminye imijikelezo yobuchopho kunye neendlela ezinokuthi zibandakanyeke kwi-CSB, kwaye ezi zinokubandakanya i-cterulate engaphandle, i-hippocampus kunye ne-amygdala (Banca et al., 2016; EKlucken, Wehrum-Osinsky, eSchweckendiek, eKruse, naseStark, 2016; Voon et al., 2014). Phakathi kwezi, sine-hypothesised yokuba isekethe ye-amygdala eyandisiweyo enxulumene nokusebenza kwakhona okuphezulu kwezisongelo kunye noxinzelelo kunokuba ikakhulu kufanelekile kwezonyango (iGola, Miyakoshi, & Sescousse, 2015; IGola kunye nePotenza, 2016) ngokusekelwe ekuqwalaseleni ukuba abanye abantu be-CSB bafumana amanqanaba aphezulu okuxhalabisa (Gola et al., 2017) kunye neempawu ze-CSB zinokuncitshiswa kunye nokuncitshiswa kweyeza kwixhala (iGola kunye nePotenza, 2016) ...

16) Ukukhuthaza uqeqesho lwezemfundo, ulwahlulo, unyango, kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo Inkcazo kwi: Ukukhubazeka ngokuziphatha ngokunyanisekileyo ngokwesondo kwi-ICD-11 (UKraus okqhubekayo., 2018) - Inkqubo yokusetyenziswa kwezifo zonyango ngokubanzi, Ulwahlulo lwaMazwe ngamazwe (ICD-11), iqulethe uvavanyo olutsha ezifanele ukuxhatshazwa koonwabo: "Ukuxhatshazwa kwezesondo ngokunyanisekileyo. "Amacatshulwa:

Kubantu abaninzi abafumana iipateni eziqhubekayo zobunzima okanye ukungaphumeleli kulawulo olunamandla, oluphindaphindwayo lweemvakalelo zesini okanye iminqweno ekhokelela ekuziphatheni ngokwesondo okunxulunyaniswa noxinzelelo okanye ukuphazamiseka kubuntu, usapho, intlalontle, imfundo, umsebenzi, okanye ezinye iindawo ezibalulekileyo zokusebenza, oko Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ukwazi ukubiza nokuchonga ingxaki yabo. Kukwabalulekile ukuba ababoneleli ngenkathalo (okt, oogqirha kunye nabacebisi) apho abantu banokufuna uncedo kubo baziqhelile ii-CSB. Ngexesha lezifundo zethu ezibandakanya ngaphezulu kwezifundo ze-3,000 ezifuna unyango lwe-CSB, sihlala sisiva ukuba abantu abaphethwe yi-CSB badibana nemithintelo emininzi ngexesha lokufuna kwabo uncedo okanye ukunxibelelana nabezonyango (UDhuffar kunye noGriffiths, ngo-2016).

Izigulana zixela ukuba ogqirha banokusiphepha isihloko, baxele ukuba ingxaki azikho, okanye bathi umntu makabe nesondo, kwaye kufuneka ayamkele endaweni yokunyanga (ngaphandle kokuba kulabantu, ii-CSBs zinokuziva zivelisiwe emzimbeni) kwaye zikhokele. kwiziphumo ezininzi ezingalunganga). Sikholelwa ukuba imilinganiselo ecaciswe kakuhle yokuphazamiseka kwi-CSB iya kukhuthaza iinzame zemfundo kubandakanya nokuqulunqwa kweenkqubo zoqeqesho malunga nendlela yokuvavanya nokunyanga abantu abaneempawu ze-CSB. Sinethemba lokuba iinkqubo ezinjalo ziya kuba yinxalenye yoqeqesho lweklinikhi lweeengqondo, abagqirha bezengqondo, kunye nabanye ababoneleli beenkonzo zononophelo lwempilo yengqondo, kunye nabanye ababonelela ngenkathalo kubandakanya ababoneleli abakhathalelayo, njengabagqirha.

Imibuzo ebalulekileyo malunga nendlela engcono yokucinga ngayo ingxaki ye-CSB kunye nokubonelela ngonyango olufanelekileyo kufuneka iqwalaselwe. Isiphakamiso samanje sokuhlenga isifo se-CSB njengengxaki yokulawulwa kwempembelelo ingquzulwano njengemizekelo eminye eceliwe (Kor, Fogel, Reid, & Potenza, 2013). Kukho idatha ebonisa ukuba i-CSB yabelana ezininzi izinto kunye nezilingo (UKraus et al., 2016), kubandakanywa nedatha yakutshanje ebonisa ukunyuka kwe-reactivity yeziganeko zobuchopho ezinxulumene nomvuzo ekuphenduleni iziqulatho ezinxulumene nesishukumiso esithintekayo (Brand, Snagowski, Laier, kunye neMaderwald, 2016; IGola, iLizwiecha, iMarchewka, kunye neSescousse, 2016; UGola et al., 2017; IKlucken, Wehrum-Osinsky, iSchweckendiek, iKruse, kunye neStark, 2016; IVoon et al., 2014).

Ngaphaya koko, idatha yokuqala yazisa ukuba i-naltrexone, iyeza elineempawu zokusetyenziswa kotywala kunye nokusebenziseka kwe-opioid, kunokuba luncedo kunyango lwee-CSB (IKraus, Meshberg-Cohen, Martino, Quinones, kunye nePotenza, 2015; URaymond, uGrant, kunye noColeman, ngo-2010). Ngokubhekiselele kwisigaba se-CSB sokuhlengahlengiswa kwesifo njengengxaki yokulawulwa kwempembelelo, kukho idatha ebonisa ukuba abantu abafuna unyango lwenkqubo enye ye-CSB ingxaki, ukusetyenziswa koonografi okuyingxaki, ayifani ngokungahambelani ngokubanzi kwabantu. Kunoko kunikwe ukuxhalabisa (IGola, iMiyakoshi, kunye neSescousse, 2015; UGola et al., 2017), kwaye unyango lwezonyango olujolise kwiimpawu ezixhalabisa lunokuba luncedo ekunciphiseni iimpawu ezithile ze-CSB (IGola kunye nePotenza, ngo-2016). Nangona kungenakwenzeka ukuba ufumane izigqibo ezichanekileyo malunga nokuhlelwa, ukwaziswa oku ngakumbi kubonakala kukuxhasa ulwahlulo njengengxaki yomlutha xa kuthelekiswa nengxaki yokulawula umtsalane (UKraus et al., 2016), kwaye uphando olongezelelweyo lufunekayo ukuhlolisana ubudlelwane kunye nezinye izimo zengqondo (Potenza okqhubekayo., 2017).

17) Indlela yokuziphatha ngokwesondo ngokubambisana nabantu kunye neeModeli eziPhambili (i-2018) - Amacatshulwa:

Ukuziphatha ngokwezesondo ngokweqhinga (CSB) kuthethwa ngokubanzi njengengxaki yokuziphatha, kwaye iyingozi enkulu kwimpilo yobomi kunye nempilo yengqondo kunye nengqondo. Nangona kunjalo, i-CSB iye yaphuza ukuba ibonwe kwikliniki njengengxaki yokuxilonga. I-CSB idibaniselana neengxaki zokuphazamiseka kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa, kunye neziphumo zokutshatyalaliswa kweentsholongwane eziye zabonisa ukuphazamiseka kunye nokwehlukana kweengxaki ze-neural pathologies, ingakumbi kwiingingqi zengqondo ezilawula ukunyaniseka nokukhusela. Ucwaningo lwee-clinical neuroimaging luhlaziywe luye lwachonga utshintsho lwezakhiwo kunye / okanye umsebenzi kwi-prefrontal cortex, i-amygdala, i-striatum, kunye ne-thalamus kubantu abane-CSB. Imodeli eqhotyoshelweyo yokufunda i-neural underpinnings ye-CSB kwindoda zamadoda ixoxwa ngokuqulethwe kwinkqubo yokuchithwa kwemiqathango yokuhlola ukufunwa kwezenzo zesondo ngaphandle kwemiphumo emibi eyaziwayo.

Ngenxa yokuba iimpawu ze-CSB kunye nezinye izifo ezinokunyanzela, oko kukuthi, ukuxhatshazwa kweziyobisi, ukuthelekiswa kweziphumo kwi-CSB, kunye nezifundo ezinobungozi-ziyobisi, kunokubaluleka ukuchonga i-neural pathologies eziqhelekileyo ezijongene noxinzelelo lwezi ngxaki. Enyanisweni, uphando oluninzi lubonise iipatheni ezifanayo zesenzo se-neural kunye nentsebenziswano phakathi kwezakhiwo zomzimba ezibandakanyekayo kwi-CSB kunye nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezingapheliyo [87-89].

Ekugqibeleni, oku kuhlaziywa kusishwankathe iinjongo zokuziphatha kunye ne-neuroimaging kwi-CSB yabantu kunye nokungahambisani nokunye ukuphazamiseka, kuquka nokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi. Ngokubonke, ezi zifundo zibonisa ukuba i-CSB idibaniswa nokuguqulwa komsebenzi kwi-corsex yangaphambili ye-cingulate kunye ne-prefrontal, i-amygdala, i-striatum, kunye ne-thalamus, ngaphezu kokunciphisa uxhumano phakathi kwe-amygdala kunye ne-prefrontal cortex. Ukongezelela, imodeli eqhelekileyo ye-CSB kwindoda zamadoda yachazwa, kubandakanywa ubungqina obutsha bokuguqulwa kwe-neural kwi-mPFC ne-OFC ehambelana nokulahlekelwa kolawulo lokuvimbela isondo. Lo mzekeliso ongokoqobo unikeza ithuba elikhethekileyo lokuvavanya iingcamango eziphambili ukuchonga iziganeko eziphambili kunye nezizathu ezisisiseko ze-CSB kunye nokungahambisani nezinye izifo.

18) Izidakamizwa zesondo kwi-Intanethi Era (2018) - Inkcazo:

Umnqweno wesini ophantsi, ukwaneliseka okunciphisayo kwezokwabelana ngesondo, kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-erectile (ED) kuya kuxhaphaka kubantu abancinci. Kwisifundo sase-Italiyane ukusukela ngo-2013, ukuya kuthi ga kwiipesenti ezingama-25 zezifundo ezazineengxaki zokuphelelwa ngu-ED zazingaphantsi kweminyaka engama-40 [1], kwaye kuphando olufanayo olupapashwe ngo-2014, ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha samadoda aseKhanada abelana ngesondo aphakathi kweminyaka eli-16 neli-21. wafumana uhlobo oluthile lokuphazamiseka kwesondo [2]. Ngexesha elifanayo, ukuxhaphaka kwendlela yokuphila engenampilo edibene ne-organic ED ayitshintshanga kakhulu okanye iye yehla kumashumi eminyaka edlulileyo, ephakamisa ukuba i-psychogenic ED isekhuphukeni [3].

I-DSM-IV-TR ichaza ezinye zeendlela zokuziphatha ezinesimo sokudodobala, ezinjengokungcakaza, ukuya ezivenkileni, indlela yokuziphatha ngokwesini, ukusetyenziswa kwe-Intanethi, kunye nokusetyenziswa komdlalo wevidiyo, "njengesiqhelo sokulawula iingxaki ezingachongwa kwenye indawo' -Ubutyebi buhlala buchazwa njengeziyobisi [4] ]. Uphando lwakutsha nje lucebise ngendima edlakatha yokuziphatha kweziyobisi ezingafunekiyo ngokwesondo: Utshintsho kwindlela ye-neurobiological ekubandakanyekeni kwempendulo yesini inokuba sisiphumo sophindaphindiweyo, esishukumisayo esingummangaliso semvelaphi eyahlukeneyo.

Phakathi kwezilingo zokuziphatha, ukusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi kunye ne-intanethi ye-intanethi yokusetyenziswa kwezinto eziphangaleleyo zidlalwa ngokubhekiselele kwimingcipheko yesifo soxhatshazo ngokwesondo, kaninzi kungekho nomda ocacileyo phakathi kwezi zimbini. Abasebenzisi be-intanethi bayakhangelwa kwi-intanethi ye-intanethi ngenxa yokungaziwa, ukukwazi ukufikelela, nokufikeleleka, kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi ukusetyenziswa kwayo kungahokelela abasebenzisi ngokusebenzisa ukuxilonga kwe-inthanethi: kule miba, abasebenzisi banakho ukulibala inxaxheba "yokuziphendukela kwemvelo" yesini, ukufumana ngakumbi uvuyo kwizinto ezikhethiweyo zesondo ngokuzikhethela ngokwesondo.

Kwiincwadi, abaphandi abahambisani nomsebenzi ontle kunye nombi we-intanethi. Ukususela kwimbono engafanelekanga, ibonisa imbangela ebalulekileyo yokuziphatha okunyanzelekileyo, ukuxhatshazwa kwe-cybersex, kunye ne-erectile dysfunction.

19) Iinkqubo ze-neurocognitive in disorder of behavior behavior disorder (2018) - Amacatshulwa:

Okwangoku, uphando oluninzi lwe-neuroimaging ngokuziphatha ngokunyanisekileyo kwezesondo lubonelele ubungqina beendlela ezigqithisileyo ezibangelwa ukuziphatha okubi ngokwesondo kunye neziyobisi ezingekho zesondo. Ukuziphatha ngokunyanisekileyo ngokwesondo kuhambelana nokusebenza okutshintshileyo kwingingqi yengqondo kunye noonxibelelwano olubandakanyekayo ekukhuliseni, ukuhlala, ukuguqulwa komtsalane, kunye nokuhlaziywa komvuzo kwiipatheni ezinjengezinto, ukugembula, kunye nemilutha yokudlala. Iingingqi eziphambili zengqondo ezixutywe kwiimpawu ze-CSB ziquka i-cortices yangaphambili neyexeshana, i-amygdala, kunye ne-striatum, kuquka ne-nucleus accumbens.

I-CSBD ifakiwe kwiinguqulelo zangokuICD-11 njenge-disorder-control control disorder [39]. Njengoko kuchazwe yi-WHO, 'Izifo zokulawulwa kwempembelelo zibonakaliswa ukungaphumeleli ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuxhathisa umtsalane, ukuqhuba okanye ukukhuthaza ukuba wenze isenzo esivuyisa kumntu, ubuncinane kwixesha elifutshane, nangona ziphumo ezinjengexesha elide -monakalo kumntu okanye kwabanye, ukukhathazeka okubonakalayo malunga neendlela zokuziphatha, okanye ukuphazamiseka okubalulekileyo kumntu, kwintsapho, kwentlalo, kwimfundo, emsebenzini, okanye kwezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo zokusebenza '[39]. Iziphumo ezikhoyo ziphakamisa imibuzo ebalulekileyo malunga nokuhlelwa kwe-CSBD. Iziphazamiso ezininzi ezibonakaliswe yimpembelelo yokungaziphathi kakuhle zihlelwa kwenye indawo ICD-11 (umzekelo, ukugembula, ukudlala, kunye neengxaki zokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi zihlelwa njengengxaki yokulutha umlutha) [123].

20) Ukuqonda kwangoku i-Neuroscience yezenzo ze-Compulsive Sexual Disorder Disorder and Problematic Pornography Sebenzisa (2018) - Amacatshulwa:

Izifundo ze-neurobiological zamva nje ziye zabonisa ukuba ukuziphatha okunyanzelekileyo ngokwesondo kuhambelana nokuguqulwa kwezinto zesini kunye nokwahlukana kobunzobuchopho kunye nomsebenzi.

Iziphumo ezishwankathelwe kwisicatshulwa sethu zibonisa ukufana okufanelekileyo kunye nezilingo ezinxulumene neziphathamandla kunye neziyobisi, ezahlula ezininzi ezingekho phantsi kwe-CSBD (njengoko kuhlaziywe kuyo [127]). Nangona ngaphaya komda weengxelo ezikhoyo, izidakamizwa kunye nokuziphatha kakubi kubonakaliswe ngumbono wokuguqulwa owenziwe ngeendlela ezizimeleyo, zokuziphatha, kunye neurobiological (ukujonga ngokubanzi nokuphonononga: [128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133]; utywala: [134, 135]; cocaine: [136, 137]; icuba: [138, 139]; ngcakazo: [140, 141]; umdlalo: [142, 143]). Iziphumo ngokuphathelele ukuxhunywa komsebenzi osebenza ngokuphumla kubonisa ukufana phakathi kwe-CSBD nezinye izilingo [144, 145].

Nangona izifundo ezimbalwa ze-neurobiological ze-CSBD ziqhutyelwe ukuza kube yimhla, idatha ekhoyo ibonisa ukuba i-neurobiological engaqhelekanga yabelana ngokubambisana nezinye izongezo ezifana nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kunye neengxaki zokugembula. Ngaloo ndlela, idatha ekhoyo ibonisa ukuba ukuhlelwa kwayo kulungele ukulungiswa kokuziphatha kunokubangela ingxaki yokulawula.

21) I-Ventral Striatal Reactivity kwizinto ezithintekayo zesondo (2018) - Amacatshulwa:

Izithintelo zoThathozo zoSondo (CSB) zizathu zokufuna unyango. Ekubeni le nyaniso, inani lezifundo kwi-CSB liye landa kakhulu kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo kunye ne-World Health Organisation (WHO) iquka i-CSB kwisiphakamiso sayo sokuba i-ICD-11 ezayo ...... Kusuka kwindlela esicinga ngayo, kufuneke ukuba siphonononge ukuba ngaba i-CSB iyakwazi ukwahlukaniswa ngamacandelwana amabini anesigxina: (1) ukuziphatha kakubi ngokwesondo, kunye (2) kunye nokuziphatha okubi ngokwesondo kunye nokubukela48, 49).

Isixa sezifundo ezikhoyo kwi-CSB (kunye nabantu abancinci beeklinikhi zabasebenzisi bezentlalo ezingcolileyo) zikhula rhoqo. Phakathi kwezifundo ezikhoyo ezikhoyo, sakwazi ukufumana iimpapasho ezithoba (iThebhile 1) esetyenziselwa ukuboniswa kwemifanekiso yamagnetic. Ezine kuphela kwezi (36-39) ngokuphandle ngokuphandlelwa ukucwangciswa kweengongoma kunye / okanye imivuzo kunye neziphumo ezichazwe ngokuphathelele ekusebenziseni kwe-ventral striatum. Izifundo ezintathu zibonisa ukwanda kwe-ventral reactivity kwi-stimuli yokunyusa (36-39) okanye ucacise ukuqikelela ukuchithwa kwelo hlobo (36-39). Ezi ziphumo zihambelane neNtshukumo yokuThuthukiswa kweSali (IST) (28), esinye sezikhokelo ezibalaseleyo ezichaza ubuchopho obusebenzayo kumlutha. Inkxaso kuphela yesikhokelo sobungqina obunobungqina bokunyaniseka kwe-ventral striatum kwi-addiction, i-RDS inory (29, 30), ivela ngokukodwa kwisifundo esinye (37), apho abantu abane-CSB babonisa ukusetyenzwa kwe-ventral ephantsi kwezinto ezixhasayo xa kuthelekiswa nokulawula.

22) Ukuxhatshazwa koThutho lwe-intanethi: Yintoni esiyayaziyo kunye nento esiyiyiyo-Ukuhlolwa kweNkqubo (2019)- Amacatshulwa:

Kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo, kuye kwakho igagasi lamanqaku ahambelana nokuziphatha kakubi; ezinye zazo zigxile ekulutshweni lwephonografi kwi-Intanethi. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kwayo yonke imizamo, asikakwazi ukubeka iprofayili xa ukuzibandakanya kule ndlela iba yindlela yokuziphatha. Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya: isampulu yokutsala, ukukhangela izixhobo zokuqonda, ukuchasana kwemicimbi, kunye nenyaniso yokuba eli qabane lingabandakanywa ngaphakathi kwi-psychology enkulu (okt. Ukulutha ngokwesini) okunokuzibonakalisa ngokwahlukahlukana kweempawu. Iziyobisi ezidla ngokuziphatha ziluhlobo olungafakwanga kufundo, kwaye zihlala zibonakalisa imodeli yokusebenzisa ingxaki: ukuphulukana nolawulo, ukuthotywa, kunye nokusetyenziswa okuyingozi.

Isifo esihambisayo sihambelana nale modeli kwaye inokuqulunqwa ngeendlela ezininzi zokuziphatha ngokwesondo, njengokusebenzisa ingxaki kwi-Intanethi yamanyala (POPU). Ukusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi kusetyenziswa iphonografi, kwaye kunokubakho amandla okuba umlutha kuqwalaselwa "kathathu A" impembelelo (ukufikelela, ukufikeleleka, ukungaziwa). Oku kusetyenziswa kwengxaki kunokuba neziphumo ezibi kuphuhliso lwesini kunye nokusebenza ngokwesondo, ngakumbi kubantu abancinci.

Njengokuba sisazi, iinjongo zezifundo zakutshanje zixhasa le nkampani njengomlutha kunye nemibonakalo ebalulekileyo yekliniki ezifana nokungaxhatshazwa ngokwesondo kunye nokunganeliseki kwengqondo. Ubuninzi bomsebenzi okhoyo usekelwe kuphando olufanayo olwenziwe kwizilonda zomzimba, ngokusekelwe kwingcamango yecalografi ekhompyutheni njengento ephakamileyo yezinto eziphathekayo, eziqhubekayo, ezinokuthi ziqhubeke nokusetyenziswa, zingabangela ingxaki yomlutha. Nangona kunjalo, iingcamango ezifana nokunyamezela kunye nokuziyeka azikabi ngokucacileyo ukuba zilungele ukubethelwa komlingo, kwaye ngoko ke zibangela inxalenye ebalulekileyo yophando. Okwangoku, i-diagnostic entity ebandakanya ukuziphatha ngokuziphatha ngokwesondo ifakiwe kwi-ICD-11 ngenxa yokubaluleka kwayo kweklinikhi yangoku, kwaye kuya kuqinisekiswa ukuba iyakusetyenziswa ukujongana nezigulane ezinempawu ezicela uncedo lwabahlengikazi.

23) Imvelaphi kunye nokuphuhliswa kweziyobisi zoononophelo kwi-intanethi: izizathu zokuthintela ngabanye, iindlela zokuqiniswa kunye neendlela ze-neural (2019) - Amacatshulwa:

Ukuqala kunye nokuphuhliswa kwesiyobisi se-cybersex sinezigaba ezibini ezinobume bemeko yangaphambili kunye nesimo sokusebenza. Okokuqala, abantu abathile basebenzisa i-cybersex ngamanye amaxesha ngenxa yokuzonwabisa kunye nokufuna ukwazi. Kweli nqanaba, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ze-Intanethi kubhangqwe ngesondo lokuvuselela inkanuko yesiphumo kwaye isimo sokwenza imeko ye-classical, iphinde ikhokelele ekuboneni iminqweno enxulumene ne-cybersex evusa inkanuko enkulu. Ubuthathaka bomntu ngamnye kukwaququzelela ubuntu bezinto ezinxulumene ne-cybersex. Kwinqanaba lesibini, abantu basebenzise i-cybersex rhoqo ukwanelisa iminqweno yabo yesondo okanye Ngeli xesha lenkqubo, i-cybersex enxulumene nokuqonda ngokwasemoyeni njengokulindela okuhle kwe-cybersex kunye neendlela zokucombulula ukuzisebenzisa ukujongana neemvakalelo ezingalunganga ziyaqiniswa, ezo mpawu zobuqu ziyahambelana. ngesiyobisi se-cybersex esifana ne-narcissism, imvakalelo yesini efuna, imincili ngesini, ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwesini nako komelezwe, ngelixa ubuchwephesha obuqhelekileyo njengokutya, ukuzithemba okuphantsi kunye ne-psychopathologies efana nokudakumba, ixhala liqiniswa kakubi.

Ukusilela komsebenzi olawulayo kwenzeka ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kwe-cybersex. Ukudibana kokusilela kokusebenza okuphezulu kunye nokunqwenela ngamandla kukhuthaza ukuphuculwa kunye nokugcinwa kwesiyobisi se-cybersex. Abaphandi basebenzisa izixhobo zombane ze-electrophysiological kunye nengqondo ekufundisiseni ukuba likhoboka le-cybersex kufumaniseke ukuba iziyobisi ze-cybersex zingakhula ngakumbi kwaye zinqwenele ngamandla ukuthanda i-cybersex xa ujongene nezinto ezinxulumene ne-cybersex. Izifundo zibonelela ngobungqina bokunqwenela ngamandla okubangelwa zi-cybersex cues kunye nokusebenza okungasebenzi kakuhle.

Ukuqukumbela, abantu abasesichengeni sokulutha nge-cybersex abanakuyeka ukusetyenziswa kwe-cybersex ngaphandle kokunqwenela nangakumbi ukusebenza kwe-cybersex kunye nomsebenzi ongalunganga wokulawula, kodwa baziva bengonelisekanga xa besebenzisa, kwaye bafune izinto ezingakumbi ezingamanyala kwi-Intanethi ngeendleko zexesha elininzi kunye nemali. Nje ukuba banciphise ukusetyenziswa kwe-cybersex okanye bayeke nje, baya kuva ubunzima kuthotho lweziphumo ezibi ezinje ngoxinzelelo, uxinzelelo, ukungasebenzi kakuhle, ukungabikho kwesini.

24) Ithiyori, ukuthintela, kunye nonyango lokusebenzisa iphonografi (2019)- Amacatshulwa:

Isithintelo sokuziphatha ngokwesondo okunyanzelekileyo, kubandakanya ingxaki yokusebenzisa iphonografi, ibandakanyiwe kwi-ICD-11 njengengxaki yokulawula ukunganyanzelekanga. Imigaqo yokuqonda le ngxaki, nangona kunjalo, ifana kakhulu neendlela zokuphazamiseka ngenxa yokuziphatha okuluthayo, umzekelo, izenzo eziphindaphindiweyo zesondo ziyeyona nto kugxilwe kuyo ebomini bomntu, imizamo engaphumelelanga yokunciphisa kakhulu ukuphindana kwezesondo kunye nokuziphatha okuphindaphindiweyo ngokwesini nangona Ukufumana iziphumo ezibi (WHO, 2019). Uninzi lwabaphandi kunye neeklinikhi baphikisa ukuba ukusebenzisa iphonografi okuyingxaki kunokuthathwa njengento enokuziphatha.

Ukusebenza kwakhona kunye nokunqwenela ngokudibeneyo kunye nolawulo lwe-inhibitory oluncitshisiweyo, ukuqonda okuqinisekileyo (umz. Iindlela zokuthambekela) kunye nokufumana ukwaneliseka kunye nembuyekezo enxulumene nokusebenzisa iphonografi ibonakalisiwe kubantu abaneempawu zokuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa amanyala. Izifundo ze-Neurosci science ziqinisekisa ukubandakanyeka kwezijikelezo zobuchopho ezinxulumene neziyobisi, kubandakanya i-ventral striatum kunye nezinye iindawo ze-loonto e-stonto-striatal, kuphuhliso kunye nokugcinwa kokusetyenziswa kwengxaki yamanyala. Iingxelo ngemeko kunye nezifundo ezingqina ubungqina bemeko zibonisa ukusebenza kokungenelela kosokhemesti, umzekelo, i-opioid antagonist naltrexone, ekunyangeni abantu abanengxaki yokusebenzisa iphonografi kunye nokuziphatha okunyanzelekileyo ngokwesini.

Ukuqwalaselwa kwethiyori kunye nobungqina obunamandla bubonisa ukuba iindlela zengqondo kunye ne-neurobiological ezichaphazelekayo ekuphazamiseni umlutha ziyasebenza nasekuphazanyisweni kokusebenzisa iphonografi.

25) Ukusetyenziswa kwesiqu seNgcaciso yePhupha lePhonografi: Umzekelo oHlanganisiweyo ovela kuPhando lweeNdawo zoPhando kunye neNdawo yokuzijonga kwindalo (ka-2019) - Amacatshulwa

Ukuzibona kunengxaki yokusebenzisa iphonografi kubonakala kunxulumene neeyunithi ezininzi zohlalutyo kunye neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo kwinto ephilayo. Ngokusekwe kwiziphumo zangaphakathi kwe-RDoC paradigm echazwe apha ngasentla, kuyenzeka ukuba kubekho imodeli yokudibana apho iiyunithi ezahlukeneyo zohlalutyo zichaphazela enye nenye (umfuziselo 1). Kubonakala ngathi amanqanaba aphezulu e-dopamine, akhoyo ekusebenzeni kwendalo kwenkqubo yembuyekezo enxulumene nomsebenzi wesondo kunye ne-orgasm, aphazamisane nommiselo wenkqubo ye-VTA-NAc ebantwini abathi baxele i-SPPPU. Olu dysregulation lukhokelela kwintsebenzo enkulu yenkqubo yomvuzo kunye nokunyuka kwemeko enxulumene nokusetyenziswa kweephonografi, ukukhuthaza indlela yokuziphatha kwizinto ezingamanyala ngenxa yokwanda kwe-dopamine kwi-nucleus accumbens.

Ukuqhubeka kokuvezwa kwezinto ezingamanyala ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngokulula kubonakala ngathi kudala ukungalingani kwinkqubo ye-mesolimbic dopaminergic. Le dopamine ingaphezulu isebenzisa iindlela zokuphuma ze-GABA, ukuvelisa i-dynorphin njengemveliso, ethintela ii-dopamine neurons. Xa i-dopamine incipha, i-acetylcholine iyakhutshwa kwaye inokuvelisa imeko ephikisayo (Hoebel et al. 2007), ukudala inkqubo yomvuzo ongalunganga ofumaneka kwinqanaba lesibini leemodeli zokulutha. Oku kungalingani kulungelelaniswa notshintsho olusuka kwindlela eya ekuziphatheni kokuphepha, kubonwa kubantu abenza ingxelo yokusebenzisa iphonografi enengxaki…. Olu tshintsho kwiindlela zangaphakathi nezokuziphatha phakathi kwabantu abane-SPPPU ziyafana nezo zibonwa kubantu abaneziyobisi, kunye nemephu kwiimodeli zokulutha (Uthando okqhubekayo. 2015).

26) Iziyobisi ngobuxhakaxhaka beCybersex: isishwankathelo sophuhliso kunye nonyango lwesifo esivele savela (2020) - Amacatshulwa:

Iziyobisi ze-cybersex sisiyobisi esingeyonto ezinokubangela ukuba umntu abelane ngesondo kwi-Intanethi. Kule mihla, iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto ezinxulumene nezesondo okanye iphonografi ziyafikeleleka ngokulula kwimidiya ye-intanethi. E-Indonesia, iintlobano zesini zihlala zithathwa njengezikhohlakeleyo kodwa uninzi lwabantu abancinci luye lwaboniswa imifanekiso engamanyala. Ingakhokelela kumlutha kunye neziphumo ezininzi ezimbi kubasebenzisi, ezinjengobudlelwane, imali, kunye neengxaki zengqondo ezinje ngokudakumba okukhulu kunye nokudakumba koxinzelelo.

27) Zeziphi iimeko ekufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo njengeziphazamiso kuHlelo lwaMazwe ngaMazwe lweZifo (ICD-11) Ukonyulwa kwezinye “iingxaki ezithile ezichaziweyo ngenxa yeziyobisi eziLuthayo”? (2020) - Uphengululo olwenziwa ziingcaphephe zotywala lugqiba kwelokuba ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kokusebenzisa iphonografi yimeko ekufanele ukuba ifunyanwe kudidi lwe-ICD-11 "olunye uphazamiso oluchaziweyo ngenxa yokuziphatha okungalunganga". Ngamanye amagama, ukusetyenziswa okunyanzelekileyo kweephonografi kujongeka njengolunye uhlobo lweziyobisi ezaziwayo. Iicaphuno:

35) Ukuphendula koMvuzo, ukuFunda, kunye noVavanyo oluBalulekileyo kwiNgxaki yokuSebenzisa iphonografi - iNgcaciso yeNqobo yoPhando lweNdawo yoPhando (2022) - Amacatshulwa:

Isishwankathelo, iziphumo ezivela kwizifundo ezifundisayo ze-SID zikhomba kwiinkqubo zokulindela umvuzo we-neural ezivuselelwa ngokwesondo ngaphezulu kwemivuzo yemali kubathathi-nxaxheba abanePPU njengoko ithiyori yenkuthazo edumileyo yokulutha iphakamisa [35]. Le ithiyori ichaza ukuba ukusetyenziswa okuphindaphindiweyo kwento kuvuselela ukujikeleza komvuzo kwiimpawu ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, kunye neempawu zokwandisa iziphumo zenkuthazo kwezi mpawu. Idluliselwe kwiPPU, umjikelo wokuvuza uya kubangela ukwanda kwenkuthazo kwiimpawu zokusebenzisa iphonografi.

36) Ngaba ukuziphatha okunengxaki ngokwesondo kufuneka kujongwe phantsi komda wokulutha? Uphononongo olucwangcisiweyo olusekwe kwikhrayitheriya ye-DSM-5 yokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi (2023)

Iikhrayitheriya ze-DSM-5 zokuphazamiseka kokulutha zifunyenwe zixhaphake kakhulu phakathi kwabasebenzisi besondo abanengxaki, ngakumbi ukunqwenela, ukulahleka kolawulo lokusetyenziswa kwesondo, kunye neziphumo ezibi ezinxulumene nokuziphatha ngokwesondo…. Izifundo ezongezelelekileyo kufuneka zenziwe [kusetyenziswa] i-DSM-5 indlela yokuvavanya [ukuvavanya] iimpawu ezinjengomlutha weengxaki zokuziphatha ngokwesondo kwikliniki kunye nabemi abangeyokliniki.

khangela Izifundo ezithandabuzekayo nezilahlekisayo kumaphepha apapashwe kakhulu awanjalo abo bathi bangabo (iphepha elinomhla - Ley et al., 2014-yayingengophononongo loncwadi kwaye wawachaza kakhulu amanqaku awakuthetha ngawo). Yabona eli phepha kwizifundo ezininzi ezinxibelelanisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-porn neengxaki zesondo kunye nokunciphisa ukoneliseka ngokwesondo kunye nolwalamano.

Izifundo ze-neurological (i-FMRI, i-MRI, i-EEG, i-Neuro-endocrine, i-Neuro-pyschological) kwabasebenzisi bezononono kunye nabaxhatshazwa ngokwesini:

Izifundo ze-neurological apha ngezantsi zihlelwe ngeendlela ezimbini: (1) ngokutshintsha kwengqondo okunxulumene nesiyobisi ngasinye kuxeliweyo, kwaye (2) Ngomhla wopapasho.

I-1) idweliswe lutshintsho lweBongo oluDibeneyo: Iinguqu ezine zengqondo eziguqulwa ngumlutha zichazwa ngu UGeorge F. Koob kwaye Nora D. Volkow ekuhlaziyweni kwazo. U-Koob unguMlawuli weSizwe soNxila kuTywala nokuTywala (i-NIAAA), kunye neVolko ngumlawuli weSizwe seSizwe sokuLawulwa kweziyobisi (NIDA). Yapapashwa kwiNew England Journal of Medicine: I-Neurobiologic Intuthuko evela kwi-Brain Disease Model of Addiction (2016). Eli phepha lichaza inguqu enkulu yengqondo echaphazelekayo kunye nezidakamizwa zokuziphatha nezidakamizwa, ngelixa lichazwe kwisiqendu sokuqala sokuthi umlutha wesondo ukhona:

"Sigqiba ekubeni i-neuroscience iyaqhubeka ixhasa uhlobo lwesifo sengqondo somlutha. Uphando lwe-neuroscience kule ndawo aliniki nje ngamathuba amatsha okuthintela kunye nokunyangwa kwezilwanyana eziphathekayo kunye nezidakamizwa zokuziphatha (umzekelo, ukutya, isini, kunye nokugembula) .... "

Iphepha leVolkow kunye neKoob licacise utshintsho olusisiseko esibangelwa ziziyobisi, ezi: 1) Sensitization, 2) Ukuxhatshazwa, 3) Izijikelezo ezingasebenzi (unobungqina), i-4) Inkqubo yokuxinzelela ingxaki. Zonke i-4 zale nguqu yenguqu ziye zafunyanwa phakathi kwezifundo ezininzi zeengqondo ezidweliswe kweli phepha:

• Ukuhlolwa kwengxelo ku khuthazwa (cue-reactivity kunye neminqweno) kubasebenzisi bezesono / izilonda zesini: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28.
• Ukuhlolwa kwengxelo ukungafuneki okanye ukuhlala (kubangele ukunyamezela) kubasebenzisi bezono zobunono / izilonda zesini: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8.
• Izifundo zokubika ukusebenza komsebenzi osweleyo (ukungazenzisi) okanye utshintshile umsebenzi wokubambisana nabaselula bezondo / izilwanyana zesini: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19.
• Izifundo ezibonisa inkqubo yoxinzelelo engasebenzi kubasebenzisi bamaselula / izilonda zesini: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.

I-2) Uluhlu loMhla woPapasho: Uluhlu olulandelayo luqulethe zonke iiprogram zengqondo ezipapashwe kubasebenzisi bezononono kunye nabaxhatshazwa ngokwesondo. Isifundo ngasinye esibhalwe apha ngezantsi sihamba kunye nenkcazo okanye inkcazo, kwaye ibonisa ukuba yiyiphi inguqu yeengxaki ze-4 inguqu yezokwelapha ezixubusha iziphumo zayo zivumela:

1) Uphando oluPhambili lwe-Impulsive Neuroanatomical Characteristics of Condulsive Sexual behavior (Miner et al., 2009) - [ukungasebenzi kakuhle kweesekethe / umsebenzi olawulayo ohlwempuzekileyo] - Isifundo esincinci se-fMRI esichaphazela ikakhulu iziyobisi zesini (indlela yokuziphatha ngokwesondo). Uphononongo lweengxelo zokuziphatha okungxamisekileyo kwimisebenzi ye-Go-NoGo kwizifundo ze-CSB xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo lwabathathi-nxaxheba. Iskena sobuchopho siveze ukuba iziyobisi ezikwabelana ngesondo zazingalungelelananga kwimicimbi emhlophe yecortex emhlophe xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo. Izicatshulwa:

Idatha eboniswe kweli phepha iyahambelana nokucinga ukuba i-CSB inokuninzi ngokufana nokuphazamiseka kolawulo, njenge-kleptomania, ukungcakaza okunyanzelekileyo, kunye nokuphazamiseka kwindlela otya ngayo. Ngokukodwa, sifumanise ukuba abantu abahlangabezana neekhrayitheriya zokuqonda imeko yokuziphatha ngokwesondo okunyanzelekileyo kumanqanaba engxelo yokunyanzelwa, kubandakanya amanyathelo okunyanzeliswa ngokubanzi kunye nobuntu, Isithintelo …… .. Ukongeza kwezi ndlela zichazwe ngasentla, izigulana ze-CSB ikwabonakalise ukungxamiseka okungakumbi kwimisebenzi yokuziphatha, inkqubo yeGo-No Go.

Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba izigulane ze-CSB zibonise ummandla ophezulu kakhulu kummandla ongasentla ukuthetha ukungafani (MD) kunokulawula. Uhlalutyo oluhambelanayo lubonise imibutho ebalulekileyo phakathi kwamanyathelo okungahambisani nobuqhetseba kunye nommandla ongaphantsi wengingqi ye-anisotrophy (FA) kunye ne-MD, kodwa akukho mibutho eneemilinganiselo eziphezulu zommandla. Uhlalutyo olufanayo lubonakalisa ubudlelwane obungalunganga obuphakathi kwe-MD ephezulu ye-lobe kunye ne-compulsive inventory behavior inventory.

Ke, olu hlalutyo lokuqala luyathembisa kwaye lunika isibonakaliso sokuba kusenokwenzeka ukuba kukho izinto ze-neuroanatomical kunye / okanye ze-neurophysiological ezihambelana nokunyanzeliswa kwezesondo. Ezi datha zikwabonisa ukuba i-CSB inokuthi ibonakale ngokunyanzeliswa, kodwa ikwabandakanya nezinye izinto, ezinokuthi zihambelane nokusebenza kwakhona kweemvakalelo kunye nexhala le-OCD.

2) Ulwahlulo oluzimeleyo ngokwemiqathango yesigqeba sokulawula kunye nokuziphatha koxhatshazo kwimeko yesigulane kunye noluntu lwesampula (Reid et al., 2010) - [Umsebenzi olawulayo ohlwempuzekileyo] - Isicatshulwa:

Izigulana ezifuna uncedo kwi-hypersexual behaviour zihlala zibonisa ukungxamiseka, ukuqina kwengqondo, ukugweba okungahambi kakuhle, ukusilela kulawulo lweemvakalelo, kunye nokuzikhathaza kakhulu ngesondo. Ezinye zeempawu ziqhelekile phakathi kwezigulana ezibonisa isifo sengqondo esinxulunyaniswa nokungasebenzi kakuhle. Oku kuqatshelweyo kukhokelele kuphando lwangoku lokwahluka phakathi kweqela lezigulana ezixhatshazelweyo (n = 87) kunye nesampulu yoluntu engeyiyo eye-hypersexual (n = 92) yamadoda asebenzisa uLudwe lweeNdlela zokuZiphatha zoLuhlu lweSigqeba soSebenzi-inguqulelo yabantu abadala I-Hypersexual behaviour yayihambelana kakuhle kunye nezalathiso zehlabathi zokungasebenzi kakuhle kunye neenkxaso ezininzi ze-BRIEF-A. Ezi ziphumo zibonelela ubungqina bokuqala bokuxhasa i-hypothesis yokuba ukungasebenzi kakuhle kunokuba nefuthe ekuziphatheni okuxhatshaxayo.

3) Ukubukela Imifanekiso Engamanyala kwi-Intanethi: Inxaxheba Yokulinganisa Ngokwezesondo kunye Neengqondo-Iimpawu Zengqondo Zokusebenzisa I-Intanethi Zamasondo Ngokugqithiseleyo (UBrand et al., 2011) - [Iminqweno engaphezulu / uvakalelo kunye nomsebenzi olawulayo ohlwempuzekileyo] - Isicatshulwa:

Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba iingxaki zobomi bemihla ngemihla ezixhomekeke kwimisebenzi yoxhatshazo lwe-intanethi zichazwe ngokulinganiswa kobulili obuphathekayo obuphathekayo bezinto eziphathekayo zobulili, ubunzima bomhlaba beempawu zengqondo, kunye nenani lezicelo zesondo xa zisetyenziselwa iisayithi zocansi nge-intanethi kwimpilo yemihla ngemihla, ngeli xesha ixesha elisetyenziselwa kwiisayithi zezesini ze-intanethi (imizuzu ngemini) azizange zenze igalelo elikhulu ekuchazeni ukuhlukahluka kwamanqaku e-IATsex. Sibona ukufana okuphakathi kweendlela zokuqonda kunye neengqondo ezingabangela ukuba kube nokugcinwa kwe-cybersex ngokweqile kunye nalabo bachazwe ngabantu abanexhomekeke kwimpahla.

4) Umfanekiso ococekileyo Uqwalasela i-Interferes esebenzayo yokuKhumbula iMisebenzi (Laier et al., 2013) - [Iminqweno engaphezulu / uvakalelo kunye nomsebenzi olawulayo ohlwempuzekileyo] - Isicatshulwa:

Abanye abantu baxela iingxaki ngexesha kunye nangemva kokubandakanyeka ngesondo ngo-intanethi, njengokulala okungekho kunye nokulibala ukuqeshwa, ezidibene nemiphumo emibi yokuphila. Enye indlela enokubangela ezi ntlobo zeengxaki kukuba ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo ngexesha le-intanethi lingaphazamisa umthamo wokusebenza (WM), okubangelwa ukunganyanzelwanga kolwazi olufanelekileyo lwendalo kwaye ngoko ke ukungahambi kakuhle kwezigqibo. Iziphumo zityhila kakubi ukusebenza kwe-WM kwisimo somfanekiso wesithothosiso somsebenzi we-4-back xa kuthelekiswa neemeko ezintathu eziseleyo. Iziphumo zixubusha ngokubhekiselele kwi-intanethi ye-intanethi kuba ukuphazamiseka kwe-WM ngeziqulatho ezinxulumene neziyobisi ziyaziwa ngokuxhomekeka kwizinto eziphathekayo.

5) Ukucwangciswa koBugcisa beSithotyana ngokuSebenza ngeZigqibo phantsi kobuchule (Laier et al., 2013) - [Iminqweno engaphezulu / uvakalelo kunye nomsebenzi olawulayo ohlwempuzekileyo] - Isicatshulwa:

Umsebenzi wokwenza izigqibo wawunzima kakhulu xa imifanekiso yesondo idibaniswa neengcingo ezingekho phantsi kwamanani xa kuthelekiswa nokusebenza xa imifanekiso yesondo idibaniswe nakwiindawo ezifanelekileyo. Ukuvuswa kwezesondo ngokuvisisanayo ngokumalunga nezesondo kulungelelanisa ubudlelwane phakathi komgangatho wenkqubo kunye nokwenza izigqibo. Olu pho nonongo luye wagxininisa ukuba ukuvuswa kwezesondo kugxininisa ukuthatha isigqibo, oku kungachaza ukuba kutheni abanye abantu befumana imiphumo emibi kwiimeko zokusebenzisa i-intanethi.

6) Umlutha we-Cybersex: Ukuvuswa kwezesondo malunga nolwazi xa ukhangele iifoto ezingcolileyo kunye noonobumba bezocwangco bobulili benza ukubahluko (Laier et al., 2013) - [Iminqweno engaphezulu / uvakalelo kunye nomsebenzi olawulayo ohlwempuzekileyo] - Isicatshulwa:

Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba izalathisi zesondo zovuko kunye nokukhanga kwiinkcukacha zoononophala ze-intanethi ezichazwe ukutyekela kwi-cyber sex addiction ekuqaleni. Ngaphezu koko, kuboniswe ukuba abasebenzisi be-cyber bexakeka ingxaki bavakalisa ukuvuthwa kwezesondo kunye nokwenzakala kweempembelelo ezibangelwa ukuboniswa koononopopayi. Kwizifundo zombini, inani kunye nomgangatho kunye noonobumba bezonxibelelwano bokwenene zesini abazange bahlobaniswe nokulutha kwe-cybersex. Iziphumo zixhasa ukuxhaswa kwengqondo, ebonisa ukuqiniswa, iindlela zokufunda, nokufuna ukuba iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo ekuphuhliseni nasekugcinweni kokulutha kwe-cybersex. Ubuthathaka okanye ukunganelisekanga oonxibelelwano bobuhlobo bokwabelana ngesondo abanakho ukuchaza ngokufanelekileyo ukunyaniseka kwe-cybersex.

7) Isifiso socansi, kungekhona ukuxhatshazwa kwezesini, kuxhomekeke kwiimpendulo ze-neurophysiological ezifunyenwe yiZithombe zoSondo (Steele et al., 2013) - [i-cac-reactivity ehambelana nomnqweno ongaphantsi wesini: ukukhuthaza nokuhlala] - Olu pho nonongo lwe-EEG kumaphephandaba njengobungqina obuchasene nobukho bobulili / ubundlobongela ngesondo. Ayikho njalo. Steele et al. I-2013 inika inkxaso ekukholeni kokugqithiswa koonobumba kunye nokusetyenziswa koononophelo phantsi kokulawulwa komnqweno wesini. Kanjani? Olu phofu luchaza ukufunda okuphezulu kwe-EEG (ezinxulumene nemifanekiso engathathi hlangothi) xa izifundo zichazwe ngokufutshane kwiifoto zoonografi. Izifundo zibonisa rhoqo ukuba i-P300 ephakamileyo iyenzeka xa izilingo zichazwe kwiinkcazo (ezifana nemifanekiso) ezihlobene nokulutha kwawo.

Ngokuhambelanayo ne Ucwaningo lweYunivesithi yaseCambridge luhlola uphando, lo kufunda lweEEG ngokunjalo ingxelo ebaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzisaneni noononophelo okuhambelana nayo Ngaphantsi umnqweno wesondo Ukuyibeka ngenye indlela-abantu abasebenza ngokusebenza kwengqondo enkulu kwi-porn kunokukhetha ukuphulula amalungu esondo kunokulala nomntu nomntu wokwenene. Ngothuka, isithethi sesifundo UNicole Prause Batsho ukuba abasebenzisi bezononono bebanokuthi "babe ne-libido ephezulu," kodwa iziphumo zolu cwaningo zithi ngokuchasene ngqo (isifundo somxholo wesini esahlukileyo sasiyehla ngokubhekiselele ekusebenziseni kwabo ubulili).

Ngokudibeneyo, ezi zimbini Steele et al. Iziphumo zibonisa ubungakanani bengqondo enkulu kwimifanekiso (imifanekiso engamanyala), kodwa kuncinci ekusebenzeni kwakhona kwimivuzo yendalo (isondo nomntu). Oko kukhuthazwa kunye nokungafuneki, zinto ezo ezizimpawu zomlutha. Amaphepha asibhozo ahlaziywe ngoontanga acacisa inyani: Iingcaphephe ezihlaziyiweyo zontanga Steele et al., 2013. Khangela oku iYBOP ebanzi.

Ngaphandle kwamanqaku amaninzi angasetyenziswa kumaphephandaba, kuphazamisa ukuba uphando lwe-2013 lwe-EGG lweProuse lwaludlulisela ukuhlaziywa kontanga, njengoko lathinteka kwiindlela eziphambili zendlela: i-1) izifundo i-heterogeneous (abesilisa, amabhinqa, abangenabo abathathu); Izifundo ze-2) ingakhange ihlolwe ingxaki yengqondo okanye izilingo; 3) akukho liqela lolawulo lokuthelekisa; Imibuzo yee-4) ayivumelekanga ukusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana okanye utywala. Steele e al. inesiphene kakhulu kangangokuba zisi-4 kuphela kwezi ncwadi zingama-24 zophononongo kunye neenkcazo ukukhathazeka ukuthetha ngawo: ezimbini ziyigxeka njengento yesayensi engavumelekanga, ngelixa iibini zikhankanya njenge-cact-reactivity kunye nomnqweno ongaphantsi wesini kunye nomlingane (imiqondiso yokulutha).

8) Ukwakhiwa kweBrains kunye nokuQhagamshelana okuSebenzayo Ukudibanisa neZonografi Ukusetyenziswa: Ubuninzi kwi-Porn (Kuhn kunye neGallinat, 2014) - [ukuchithwa kwezinto, ukuhlala, kunye nezijikelezo zesistim]. Ucwaningo lwama-Max Planck Institute lwama-fMRI luchaze iziphumo ze-3 ezifunyenwe ngeengxaki zeengxaki zezilwanyana (1). phakathi kwe-storum ye-dorsal ne-corors. Abaphandi bathetha ukufumana iziphumo ze-2 njengombonakalo wefuthe lokunyanzeliswa kocwangco lwexesha elide. Uthe isifundo,

Oku kuyahambelana neengcamango yokuba ukunyanzeliswa okukhulu kwezinto eziphathekayo zoononophelo kubangelwa ukulawulwa phantsi kwe-natural nature response to the stimuli.

Ekuchazeni ukuxhamla komsebenzi ohluphekayo phakathi kwe-PFC kunye ne-striatum, isifundo sathi,

Ukungasebenzi kwesi siphaluka kuye kwahlobene nokukhetha okungafanelekanga, njengokufuna iziyobisi, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni isiphumo esibi

Umbhali oyintloko USimone Kühn ubeka ingxelo kwi-press release ye-Max Planck:

Sicinga ukuba izifundo ngokusetyenziswa kwamanyala aphezulu zifuna ukunyuka okunyukayo ukuze kufumaneke umvuzo ofanayo. Oku kunokuthetha ukuba ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kweentlobano zesono ezingaphantsi kunxiba inkqubo yakho yomvuzo. Oku kuya kufaneka ngokupheleleyo ngengcamango yokuba iinkqubo zabo zokuvuza zifuna ukukhula okukhuthazayo.

9) Neural Correlates of Reactivity Cue Reactivity kuBantu ngabanye kunye nabangenako ukunyanzelisa ngokwesondo (Voon et al., 2014) [Ukuqonda / ukucinga-ukucwangcisa kunye nokunciphisa intsingiselo] Iyokuqala kwichungechunge lwezifundo zeYunivesithi yaseCambridge yafumana inyekelo yohlobo lwezobuchopho kwizilingo ze-porn (izifundo ze-CSB) njengoko zibonwa kwizilwanyana ezidakisayo kunye notywala-ukukhangela okukhulu okanye ukukhuthaza. Umphandi oyintloko Valerie Voon wathi:

Kukho umahluko ocacileyo kwingqondo yobuchopho phakathi kwezigulane ezinokuziphatha ngokunyanzela ngokwesondo kunye namavolontiya anempilo. Ezi zintlukwano zibukraza ezo zidakamizwa.

I-voon et al., I-2014 yafumanisa ukuba izilonda zoononophala ziyafaneleka imodeli yomlutha oyamkelekileyo yokufuna "ngakumbi", kodwa ungathandi "yona" nangakumbi. Isicatshulwa:

Ngokuthelekiswa namavolontiya aphilileyo, izifundo ze-CSB zinesifiso esilawulayo ngokwesini okanye sifuna ukuthetha ngokucacileyo kwaye zinamanani amaninzi afana neengcamango ezinobunzima, ngaloo ndlela kubonisa ukuhlukana phakathi kokufuna nokuthanda

Abaphandi baphinde bathi i-60% yezifundo (ubudala beminyaka: i-25) kunzima ukufikelela kwimigqaliselo / ukuvuswa kunye namaqabane angokoqobo, kodwa iyakwazi ukufikelela kwizilungiso kunye noonwabo. Oku kubonisa ukukhuthaza okanye ukuhlala. Amacatshulwa:

Izifundo ze-CSB zichaze ukuba ngenxa yokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwezixhobo ezichaza ngokwesini… .. amava okuphulukana namava e-libido okanye umsebenzi we-erectile ngokuthe ngqo kubudlelwane bomzimba nabasetyhini (nangona bungekho kubudlelwane nezinto ezichazayo ngokwesini)…

Izifundo ze-CSB eziqhathaniswa namavolontiya aphilileyo zinobunzima obunzima kunye nokuvuswa kwesondo kunye nolwazi oluninzi lwe-erectile kwizondo zobudlelwane obusondelene naye kodwa kungabonakali izinto eziphathekayo ngokwesini.

10) Ukuphuculwa kweeNkcazo ezibhekiselele kwizesondo ezicacileyo kuBantu ngabanye kunye nangaphandle kokuthintela ngokwesondo (Mechelmans et al., 2014) - [uvakalelo / ukwenziwa kwakhona] - Isifundo seYunivesithi yesibini eCambridge. Isicatshulwa:

Iziphumo zethu zokonyusa umdla wokuthathela ingqalelo… ziphakamisa ukugqagqana okunokwenzeka kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwengqwalaselo okuqwalaselweyo kuphononongo lwezixhobo zeziyobisi kukuphazamiseka kweziyobisi. Ezi zinto zifunyanisiweyo ziyahlangana kunye neziphumo zakutsha nje ze-neural reactivity to cues cues in [iziyobisi ezingamanyala] kuthungelwano olufana nolo lubandakanyekayo kwizifundo zokufumana iziyobisi kunye nokubonelela ngenkxaso yenkuthazo yethiyori yenkuthazo engaphantsi kwempendulo engathandekiyo kwezesondo kwi [ Iziyobisi ezingamanyala]. Oku kufumanisa kudibana kunye nokujonga kwethu kutshanje ukuba iividiyo ezibonisa ezesondo zinxulunyaniswa nomsebenzi omkhulu kwinethiwekhi ye-neural efanayo naleyo ibonwa kwizifundo zokufumana iziyobisi kwakhona. Umnqweno omkhulu okanye ukuthanda kunokuthanda kwaqhubeka kunxulunyaniswa nomsebenzi kule nethiwekhi ye-neural. Ezi zifundo zidibene zibonelela ngenkxaso yenkuthazo yethiyori yokukhuthaza ukuba likhoboka leziyobisi kwi-CSB.

11) Ukuxhatshazwa kwe-Cybersex kwi-intanethi yabasebenzisi besini kwi-intanethi ye-intanethi kunokuchazwa ngokuxhaswa kwe-hypothesis (Laier et al., 2014) - [Iminqweno / uvakalelo olukhulu] - Isicatshulwa:

Siphonononge i-IPU yabasetyhini engama-51 kunye nabasebenzisi bengamanyala abangabinayo kwi-Intanethi (i-NIPU). Sisebenzisa amaphepha emibuzo, savavanya ubukrakra bekhompyutha e-cybersex ngokubanzi, kunye nobungakanani bokuzonwabisa okuxhaphakileyo ngokwesini, iingxaki zesondo ngokubanzi, kunye nobuzaza beempawu zengqondo. Ukongeza, iparadigm yovavanyo, kubandakanya umlinganiso omileyo we-51 yemifanekiso engamanyala, kunye nezimpawu zokunqwenela, yaqhutywa. Iziphumo zabonisa ukuba i-IPU ilinganise imifanekiso engamanyala njengento evusayo ngakumbi kwaye ixela inkanuko enkulu ngenxa yemiboniso ebonisa imifanekiso engamanyala xa ithelekiswa ne-NIPU. Ngaphezu koko, umnqweno, ulwalamano oluhle ngokwesondo lwemifanekiso, iimvakalelo zokuzonwabisa ngokwesini, ingxaki yokuziphatha ngokwesondo, kunye nobuzaza beempawu zengqondo ezixeliweyo kutyekelo lokulutha kwi-cybersex kwi-IPU.

Ukuba kubudlelwane, inani labafowunelwa ngesondo, ukwaneliseka ngonxibelelwano ngesondo, kunye nokusebenzisa i-cybersex enxibelelanayo ayizange idibane nokulutha kwi-cybersex. Ezi ziphumo zihambelana nezo zichaziweyo kumadoda angatshatanga abesilisa kwizifundo zangaphambili. Iziphumo ezifunyenweyo malunga nobunjani bokuqina bokuvuseleleka ngokwesini, iindlela zokufunda, kunye nendima yokwenziwa ngokutsha komnqweno kunye nokulangazelela kophuhliso lobugqirha be-cybersex kwi-IPU kufuneka buxoxwe.

12) Ubungqina bobuGcisa kunye nokuqwalaselwa kweengcinga kwizinto ezibangela ukuxhatshazwa kwe-Cybersex kwi-View Cognitive Viewing behavior (Laier et al., 2014) - [Iminqweno / uvakalelo olukhulu] - Isicatshulwa:

Ubume bento edlalwa ngokuba ngumlutha we-cybersex (CA) kunye neendlela zayo zokuphuhliswa zixutyushwa. Umsebenzi odlulileyo ubonisa ukuba abanye abantu bangasengozini kwi-CA, ngelixa ukuqinisekiswa okuqinisekileyo nokukhawuleza-ukucwangciswa kwemisebenzi kuthathwa njengendlela ephambili yokuphuhliswa kwe-CA. Kulo pho nonongo, i-155 yamadoda angqinileyo axabisa iifayile ze-100 zoonografi kwaye yabonisa ukunyuka kwabo kwesondo. Ukongezelela koko, ukutyekela kwi-CA, ukukhathazeka kwintlonipho yesondo kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi kwesondo ngokubanzi kwahlolwe. Iziphumo zovavanyo zibonisa ukuba kukho iziganeko zobungozi kwi-CA kwaye zinikezela ubungqina bendima yokuxhaswa ngokwesondo kunye nokuxhatshazwa kakubi ekuphuhliseni i-CA.

13) Ukuvelisa, ukuBamba kunye nokuKhathalela imivuzo yokuSondo (Banca et al., 2015) - [Iminqweno engaphezulu / uvakalelo kunye nokuhlala / ukungafuneki] - Olunye uphononongo lwe-fMRI yeYunivesithi yaseCambridge. Xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo lweziyobisi ezingamanyala. Nangona kunjalo, ubuchopho bezilonda ezingamanyala buhlala ngokukhawuleza kwimifanekiso yesondo. Kuba ukuthanda izinto ezintsha kwakungekho ngaphambili, kukholelwa ukuba ukubakho kweziyobisi ezingamanyala kuqhuba ukufuna izinto ezintsha ngenzame yokoyisa ukuhlala kunye nokungafuneki.

Ukuziphatha ngokwezesondo ngokweqhinga (CSB) kwadibaniswa nokukhethwa kwintando yesondo, xa kuthelekiswa nokulawula imifanekiso, kunye nokukhethwa okuqhelekileyo kwiziqulatho ezibhekiselele kwiziphumo zesondo kunye nezemali ezichasene neziphumo ezifaniswa namavolontiya anempilo. Abantu be-CSB nabo babenomsebenzi omkhulu wokuhlambalaza ukuhlaziya imifanekiso yesondo kunye nemali yemali kunye nesantya sohlobo oluhambelanayo kunye nokukhethwa okuphakanyisiweyo kwintando yesondo. Indlela yokuziphatha ngokubhekiselele kwimiba yokuziphatha ngokwesini edibanisekayo kwizinto ezikhethiweyo ezihambelana nazo zadibaniswa neengcamango zangaphambili zentengiso. Olu pho nonongo lubonisa ukuba abantu be-CSB banokhetho olusenokungasebenzi ngokubhekiselele kwintando yesondo ehlelwe yinkqubo enkulu yokuxhaswa kunye nokuphuculiswa komgangatho wokuhlaziywa kwemimiselo. Ingqungquthela:

Inkcazo ukususela kwiinkcukacha ezihambelana nendaba:

Bafumanise ukuba xa abo babelikhoboka lesini bejonga lo mfanekiso wesondo uphindaphindwayo, xa kuthelekiswa namavolontiya asempilweni athe afumana ukwehla okukhulu kwemisebenzi kwingingqi yengqondo eyaziwa njenge-dorsal anterior cingate cortex, eyaziwa ngokuba nenxaxheba kulindelo lwemivuzo kunye nokuphendula imicimbi emitsha. Oku kuyahambelana 'nokuhlala', apho umlutha afumana isikhuthazi esifanayo esingaphantsi nesincinci esinomvuzo- umzekelo, umntu osela ikofu unokufumana i-caffeine 'buzz' kwikomityi yabo yokuqala, kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha xa besela ikofu, incinci buzz iba.

Esi siphumo esifanayo senzeke kwindoda enempilo eboniswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ividiyo yeefayili efanayo. Kodwa xa bejonga ividiyo entsha, inqanaba lomdla kunye nokuvusa libuyela kwizinga langaphambili. Oku kuthetha ukuba, ukuthintela ukuziphatha, umlutha wesondo uya kufuna ukufumana rhoqo imifanekiso emitsha. Ngamanye amagama, ukuhlala kunokuqhuba ukukhangela imifanekiso yamanoveli.

"Iziphumo zethu zibaluleke ngokukodwa kumxholo weentengiso zoonografi," wongezela uDkt Voon. "Akucaci oko kukubangela ukuxhatshazwa ngokocansi kwindawo yokuqala kwaye mhlawumbi abanye abantu banokudlulela phambili ukugqithisa kunokuba abanye, kodwa ukubonelela okungapheliyo kweemifanekiso zentlobano zesini ezitholakalayo kwi-intanethi kunceda ukunyusa umlutha wabo, okwenza kube ngakumbi kwaye kunzima ukubaleka. "

14) Izithintelo ze-Neural zesifiso soSondo kubantu ngabanye abaneendlela zokuziphatha ezixhatshaxayo (Ukufuna kunye neSohn, 2015) - [cue cacacac reactivity / sensitization and disysal prefrontal circuits] - Olu phononongo lwaseKorea fMRI luphindaphinda ezinye izifundo zobuchopho kubasebenzisi be-porn. Njengophononongo lweCambridge University lafumanisa ukuba i-cue-induction activation activation i-cucate in drug addict, ebonisa imizekelo yeziyobisi. Ngokuhambelana nezifundo ezininzi zaseJamani lafumana utshintsho kwi-cortex yangaphambili ehambelana notshintsho olubonwe kwikhoboka leziyobisi. Yintoni entsha kukuba iziphumo zihambelane neepatheni zangaphambili zecortex zokuvula eziqwalaselwe kwikhoboka leziyobisi: Eyona nto iphambili ekwenziweni kwakhona kwimifanekiso yesondo kodwa kuthintelwe iimpendulo kolunye uxhaso oluqhelekileyo. Isicatshulwa:

Isifundo sethu sijolise ekuphandeni ulungelelwaniso lwe-neural lomnqweno wesini kunye nokucinga okuhambelana nomnyhadala wokucinga ngemagneti (fMRI). Abantu abangamashumi amabini anesithathu abane-PHB kunye ne-22 yolawulo oluhambelana nobudala olulinganisiweyo baskenwe ngelixa bejonga ngokungathandabuzekiyo isini kunye nokuziphatha okungathandekiyo. Amanqanaba ezifundo zomnqweno wesini zavavanywa ngokuphendula kwisistim ngasinye sesini. Inxulumene nolawulo, abantu abane-PHB banamava rhoqo kunye nokuphucula umnqweno wesini ngexesha lokuchaphazeleka kwisini. Ukusebenza okuthe kratya kwajongwa kwi-caudate nucleus, ipharietal lobe engaphantsi, i-dorsal anterior cingate gyrus, thalamus, kunye ne-dorsolateral preortal cortex kwiqela le-PHB kunakwicandelo lolawulo. Ukongeza, iipateni zehemodynamic kwiindawo ezenziweyo zahlukile phakathi kwamaqela. Ngokuhambelana neziphumo zophando lobuchwephesha bobuchwephesha bokuziphatha kunye nokuziphatha gwenxa, abantu abaneempawu zokuziphatha ze-PHB kunye nomnqweno ophuculweyo ababonakalise ukusebenza okuguqulweyo kwindawo yangaphambili yecortex kunye nemimandla engaphantsi.

15) Ukumodareyithwa kwezinto ezinokuthi zifikeleleke kwiindawo ezinokubakho eziphathekayo ngeZithombe zoSondo kwi-Problem Users and Controls.Prause et al., 2015) - [habituation] - Isifundo se-EEG sesibini esivela Iqela likaNicole Prause. Olu phofu lucatsanisa izifundo ze-2013 Steele et al., 2013 kwiqela elilawulayo langempela (kodwa lithe lahlulwa ngeendlela ezingafaniyo zendlela echazwe ngasentla). Iziphumo: Ukuqhathaniswa nokulawula "abantu abajongene neengxaki ezilawula ukujonga kwabo ngoonobumba" babe neempendulo ezingaphantsi kweengqondo kwisithuba esinye sesibini kwizithombe ze-porno ye-vanilla. I umbhali okhokelayo zibango ezi ziphumo "ukutshatyalaliswa kwezilwanyana ezingcolileyo." Intoni usosayensi osemthethweni bangaba bathi ukufundwa kwabo okungahambisani nokuhlambulukileyo kuye kwasusa a kwintsimi efunyenweyo yokufunda?

Enyanisweni, iziphumo ze Prause et al. I2015 ihambelanise ngokupheleleyo Kühn & Gallinat (2014), ofumanisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa koonobumba obuninzi kunxulumene nokusebenza kwengqondo engaphantsi ekuphenduleni imifanekiso ye-porno ye-vanilla. Prause et al. iziphumo zihambelana nazo Banca et al. 2015 okuyi-#13 kuloluhlu. Ngaphezu koko, esinye isifundo seEEG ifumanise ukuba ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwe-porn kwabasetyhini kunxulumene nokusebenza kwengqondo okuncinci kwi-porn. Ukufundwa kwe-EEG esezantsi kuthetha ukuba izifundo azihoyi kangako imifanekiso. Ngokucacileyo, abasebenzisi bezononophelo abaqhelekileyo babengenasidingo kwimifanekiso eqingqiweyo ye-vanilla porn. Babekruqukile (behlala okanye bengenasiphelo). Bona oku iYBOP ebanzi. Amaphepha ali-XNUMX aqwalaselweyo koontanga ayavuma ukuba olu phononongo lufumene inyani / indawo yokuhlala kubasebenzisi bezinto ezibonisa amanyala rhoqo (ezihambelana nesiyobisi): Iingcaphephe ezihlaziyiweyo zontanga Prause et al., 2015

I-Prause yamemezela ukuba ukufunda kwakhe kwe-EEG kuhlolwe "i-cue-reactivity" (ku khuthazwa), endaweni yokuhlala. Nangona ukuba iPrause yayilungile, uyayigxeka ngokukhawuleza ukuba ingqungquthela yakhe "yokukhohlisa": nokuba Prause et al. 2015 befumene ubuncinci-ukusetyenziselwa abantu abasebenzisa i-porno rhoqo, ii-24 ezinye izifundo ze-neurological zivakalise ukukhwabanisa okanye ukuthanda (ukuqonda) kubasebenzisi abangabonwayo boononophelo: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24. Inzululwazi ayihambelani ne isifundo esinye esingathandekiyo thintelwa ziimpazamo ezinkulu zendlela yokusebenza; isayensi ihamba kunye nobungqina bangaphambili (ngaphandle kwakho ziqhutywa nge-ajenda).

16) I-HPA Axis Dysregulation kwiMadoda ene-Dispersexual Disorder (Chatzittofis, 2015) - [Impendulo yoxinzelelo olungasebenziyo] - Uphononongo olunamadoda angama-67 angamakhoboka esini kunye nolawulo oluhambelana neminyaka engama-39. Ihypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis yeyona ndawo iphambili kwimpendulo yoxinzelelo. Iziyobisi ukuguqula izijikelezo zengqondo ekhokelela kwi-axis yeHPA engasebenzi. Olu pho nonongo lwezilonda (i-hypersexuals) lifumene iimpendulo zengcinezelo ezijonge iziphumo kunye nezilingo zomzimba. Iingcaphuno ezivela kwikhompyutha yokukhululwa:

Uhlolisiso lwabandakanya amadoda e-67 anesifo sokuxhatshazwa koxhatshazo kunye nolawulo lwe-39 olufanelekileyo olufanelekileyo. Abathathi-nxaxheba bafumene i-dispersion disorder kunye naluphi na u-co-morbidity with depress or childhood trauma. Abaphandi babanike umthamo ophantsi we-dexamethasone ngokuhlwa ngaphambi kokuvavanywa ukuba bavimbele ukuphendula kwabo ngokomzimba, kwaye ngoko kusasa balinganise amazinga abo okuxinwa kwe-hormone i-cortisol ne-ACTH. Bafumanise ukuba izigulane ezineengxaki zokuxhatshazwa koxhatshazo lwama-hypersexual ziye zinezinga eliphezulu lee-hormone ezinjalo kunezolawulo oluphilileyo, ulwahluko oluye lwahlala nangemva kokulawula ukuxinezeleka ngokubandezeleka kunye nokukhathazeka kwabantwana.

UNjingalwazi Jokinen uthi: "Ummiselo woxinzelelo lwe-Aberrant wawukhe waqwalaselwa kwizigulana ezidandathekileyo nezizibulalayo nakwabo basebenzisa iziyobisi." "Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, bekugxilwe ekubeni ingaba ukwenzakala ebuntwaneni kungakhokelela kuxinzelelo lweenkqubo zoxinzelelo lomzimba kusetyenziswa iindlela ezibizwa ngokuba zii-epigenetic, ngamanye amagama indlela imeko yeengqondo zabo ezinokuba nefuthe ngayo kwimfuza elawula ezi nkqubo." Ngokutsho kwabaphandi, iziphumo zibonisa ukuba inkqubo efanayo ye-neurobiological echaphazelekayo kolunye uhlobo lokuxhatshazwa inokufaka isicelo kubantu abane-hypersexual disorder.

17) Ulawulo lwe-Prefrontal kunye nokuxilongwa kwe-intanethi: imodeli yezobugcisa kunye nokuphononongwa kweziphumo ze-neuropsychological and neuroimaging (UBrand et al., 2015) - [Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kweesekethe / umsebenzi olawulayo ohlwempuzekileyo kunye novakalelo] - Isicatshulwa:

Ngokuhambelana noku, iziphumo ezivela ekusebenzeni kwe-neuroimaging kunye nolunye uphononongo lwe-neuropsychological zibonisa ukuba ukwenziwa kwakhona kwe-cue-reactivity, ukunqwenela, kunye nokwenza izigqibo zizinto ezibalulekileyo zokuqonda ukuba likhoboka le-Intanethi. Iziphumo zokuncitshiswa kolawulo oluphezulu ziyahambelana nezinye iindlela zokuziphatha, ezinjengokungcakaza okungapheliyo. Bakwakugxininisa ukuhlelwa kwento njengesiyobisi, kuba kukwakho ukufana okuninzi kunye neziphumo zokuxhomekeka kwinto. Ngaphezu koko, iziphumo zophando lwangoku ziyafana nokufunyaniswa kuphando lokuxhomekeka kwezinto kunye nokugxininisa ii-analogies phakathi kweziyobisi ezenziwa nge-cybersex kunye nokuxhomekeka kweziyobisi okanye ezinye iindlela zokuziphatha.

18) Unxulumano olungapheliyo kumlingo we-cybersex: Ukutshintshwa kovavanyo lweMbutho oluqinileyo kunye neefoto zoonografi (Snagkowski et al., 2015) - [Iminqweno / uvakalelo olukhulu] - Isicatshulwa:

Izifundo zamva nje zibonisa ukufana phakathi kwesiyobisi se-cybersex kunye nokuxhomekeka kwento kwaye siphikisana nokuhlela umlutha we-cybersex njengesiqhelo sokuziphatha. Ukuxhomekeka kwento, imibutho engachazwanga iyaziwa ukuba idlala indima ebalulekileyo, kwaye loo mibutho ingakhange ifundwe kumlutha we-cybersex, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Kolu phononongo lokuvavanywa, abathathi-nxaxheba abesilisa nabesilisa abayi-128 bagqibe uvavanyo oluQinisekileyo loMbutho (i-IAT; iGreenwald, iMcGhee, kunye neSchwartz, 1998) eguqulwe ngemifanekiso engamanyala. Ukuqhubela phambili, ingxaki yokuziphatha ngokwesondo, ubuntununtunu ekuvuseleleni ngokwesini, utyekelo lokufumana iziyobisi kwi-cybersex, kunye nokunqwenela ngokuzimela ngenxa yokubukela imifanekiso yamanyala.

Iziphumo zibonisa ubudlelwane obuhle phakathi konxibelelo olunobunkunkqele beefoto zephonografi ezineemvakalelo ezakhayo kunye notyekelo olunomdla kwi-cybersex, ukuziphatha ngokwesondo okuneengxaki, imvakalelo yokufumana ucelomngeni ngokwesini kunye nokunqwenela okungathandekiyo. Ngaphaya koko, uhlalutyo oluhlengahlengisiweyo lubonakalise ukuba abantu abathe baxela inkanuko ephezulu kwaye babonisa unxibelelwano oluqinisekileyo lwezithombe ezibonisa amanyala ngeemvakalelo ezakhayo, ikakhulu bekulungele ukuba likhoboka le-cybersex. Iziphumo zibonisa indima enokubakho yokuzibandakanya kunye nemifanekiso engamanyala kuphuhliso kunye nokugcinwa komlutha we-cybersex. Ngaphezulu, iziphumo zohlolisiso lwangoku ziyafaniswa noko kufunyanisiweyo kuphando lokuxhomekeka kwento kwaye kugxininisa i-analogies phakathi kwesiyobisi kunye nokuxhomekeka kwento okanye ezinye iziyobisi.

19) Iimpawu zoxhatshazo lwe-inthanethi lunokudibaniswa kokubili kokusondela kunye nokuphepha ukukhupha imifanekiso engamanyala: iziphumo ezivela kwisampuli ye-analog yebasebenzisi be-intanethi rhoqo.Snagkowski, et al., 2015) - [Iminqweno / uvakalelo olukhulu] - Isicatshulwa:

Ezinye iinkqubo zibhekiselele kwizinto ezinxulumene nokuxhomekeka kwezinto eziphathekayo apho ukuthambekela / ukuphepha ukuthambekela kubalulekile. Abaphandi abaninzi baphikisa ukuba kwimeko yesigqibo esinxulumene nomlingo, abantu bangabonisa ukuthambekela kokusondela okanye ukuphepha isistim esichaphazelekayo. Kwimeko yangoku i-123 indoda engatshatanga ngesondo iyagqiba indlela yokuSebenza-ukuPhepha-umsebenzi (i-AAT; I-Rinck no-Becker, i-2007) iguqulwe ngeefoto zoononografi. Ngexesha le-AAT abathathi-nxaxheba bekufuneka baqhube i-stimuli okanye bahoxise kubo. Ukuqonda ukuxhalaba ngokwesondo, ukuziphatha okubi ngokwesini, kunye nokunyamekela ukuxilwa kwe-inthanethi ku-intanethi zihlolwe ngemibuzo.

Iziphumo zabonisa ukuba abantu abanomdla wokuxhatshazwa ngocansi lwe-intanethi babenokuthi bangene okanye baphephe ukunyanzeliswa koonwabo. Ukongezwa koko, ukuhlaziywa kweemodareyithwa kwimodareyibhile kubonisa ukuba abantu abanexhala eliphezulu lezesondo kunye nokuziphatha kakubi ngokwesondo ababonisa ukunyamekela / ukuphepha ukuthambekela, bachaze iimpawu eziphezulu zokulutha kwe-cybersex. Iziganeko ezixhomekeke kwizixhomekeke kwizinto eziphathekayo, iziphumo zibonisa ukuba zombini iindlela zokutyekela nokukhusela zingabamba indima ekukhuseleni i-cybersex. Ukongezelela, ukusebenzisana novelwano malunga nokuxhaswa ngokwesini kunye nokuziphatha okubi ngokwesini kunokuba nempembelelo yokubaluleka kwezikhalazo ezizimeleyo kwimpilo yemihla ngemihla ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi. Ezi ziphumo zibonelela ubungqina obuninzi bokufana nokufana nokuxhatshazwa kwe-inthanethi kunye nokuxhomekeka kwezinto eziphathekayo. Ukufana okunjalo kunokubuyiswa kwintsebenziswano efana neorural of cues related to cybersex-and related links.

20) Ukubambelela kwiimifanekiso engamanyala? Ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo okanye ukungahoywa kwimiba ye-intanethi kwisimo se-multitasking ihambelana neempawu zokulutha kwe-cybersex (Schiebener et al., 2015) - [Iminqweno / uvakalelo olukhulu kunye nolawulo lwentlupheko] - Isicatshulwa:

Abanye abantu basebenzisa i-intanethi ye-intanethi, njengezinto eziphathekayo zobulili, ngendlela engumlutha, ekhokelela kwimiphumo emibi kwimpilo yabucala okanye emsebenzini. Enye indlela ekhokelela kwimiphumo emibi inokunciphisa ukulawula okulawulayo malunga nokuqonda kunye nokuziphatha okunokuba kuyimfuneko ukujonga ukuguquka komgomo phakathi kokusebenzisa i-cybersex kunye neminye imisebenzi kunye nezibophelelo zobomi. Ukujongana nale mpawu, sihlolisise abathathi-nxaxheba be-104 besine-paradigm yokulawula i-multitasking iiseti ezimbini: Isethi enye iqukethe imifanekiso yabantu, enye isethi ibandakanya imifanekiso engamanyala. Kuzo zombini usetha imifanekiso kufuneka ihlelwe ngokwemiqathango ethile. Injongo ecacileyo yayikusebenza kuwo wonke umsebenzi wokuhlelwa kwiixabiso ezilinganayo, ngokutshintsha phakathi kweesethi kunye nemisebenzi yokuhlelwa ngendlela efanelekileyo.

Sifumene ukuba ukusebenza okulinganayo kangako kule paradigm eninzi idibene ne-tendency ephezulu ekubhekeleni kwe-cybersex. Abantu abanalo mkhuba badla ngokugqithiseleyo okanye bengakuhoxiswa ekusebenziseni imifanekiso engamanyala. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba ukulawulwa kolawulo olunciphise ukusebenza kwe-multitasking, xa ujongene nezinto eziphathekayo zoononophelo, kunokufaka isandla ekuziphatheni kakubi kunye nemiphumo emibi ebangelwa ukulaliswa kwe-cybersex. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaneentlobo zokunyamekela i-cybersex addiction kubonakala benomnqweno wokuphepha okanye ukufikelela kwiimpawu zoononophala, njengoko kuxoxwa kwiimodeli ezikhuthazayo zokulutha.

21) Ukurhweba kamva imivuzo yokuzonwabisa okwangoku: Ukusetyenziswa koonografi nokukhawuleza Ukuhlawula (Negash et al., 2015) - [ulawulo olulawulayo oluhlwempuzekileyo: ulingo lwebangela] - Amacatshulwa:

Isifundo se-1: Abathathi-nxaxheba bagqibile ukusebenzisa iphonografi kwiphepha lemibuzo kunye nokulibaziseka kwezaphulelo kwiXesha 1 emva koko emva kweeveki ezine. Abathathi-nxaxheba baxela ukusetyenziswa kwamanyala okuqala okuphezulu kubonise izinga lokuncitshiswa kokulibaziseka kwiXesha 2, ukulawula isaphulelo sokuqala sokulibaziseka. Isifundo se-2: Abathathi-nxaxheba abaye bayayeka ukusebenzisa iphonografi babonisa isaphulelo sokulibaziseka esisezantsi kunabathathi-nxaxheba abangafuniyo ukutya abakuthandayo.

I-intanethi ye-intanethi ngumvuzo wesini obangela ukulibaziseka ukuhlawula ngokwahlukileyo kuneminye imivuzo yendalo, nangona xa kusetyenziswanga ukunyanzeliswa okanye umlutha. Olu phando lwenza inxaxheba ebalulekileyo, kubonisa ukuba umphumo uhamba ngaphezu kokuvusa okwethutyana.

Ukusetyenziswa koonografi kunokubonelela ngokukhawuleza ngokwesondo kodwa kunokufumana impembelelo kunye nokuchaphazela ezinye iinkalo zobomi bomntu, ngakumbi ulwalamano.

Ukufunyaniswa kukubonisa ukuba i-intanethi ye-intanethi ngumvuzo wesondo owenza ukulibaziseka ukuhlawula ngokwahlukileyo kuneminye imivuzo yemvelo. Ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuphatha imifanekiso engamanyala njengento ekhethekileyo yokufumana umvuzo, ukunyaniseka, kunye nezifundo zokulutha umlutha kunye nokusebenzisa oku ngokufanelekileyo kumntu ngamnye kunye nokunyanga.

22) Ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo kunye nokuxhatshazwa okungafanelekiyo Ukuqhelanisa ukuxhatshazwa kwe-Cybersex kumadoda angqingili (Laier et al., 2015) - [Iminqweno / uvakalelo olukhulu] - Isicatshulwa:

Iziphumo ezifunyenweyo kutshanje zibonakalise unxibelelwano phakathi kobukrakra beCyberSex (CA) kunye nezalathi zokuchulumanca ngokwesini, nokuba ukujamelana nokuziphatha ngokwesondo kulungelelanise ubudlelwane phakathi konovuyo ngokwesondo kunye neempawu ze-CA. Injongo yolu phononongo yayikukuvavanya olu lwalamlo kwisampulu yamadoda athandana namanye. Amaphepha emibuzo avavanye iimpawu ze-CA, ubuntununtunu kwezesondo, ukusebenzisa imifanekiso engamanyala, inkuthazo yokuziphatha ngokwesondo, iimpawu zengqondo, kunye nokuziphatha ngokwesondo ebomini bokwenyani kunye nakwi-intanethi. Ngaphaya koko, abathathi-nxaxheba babukela iividiyo ezibonisa amanyala kwaye babonisa ukuvuselela kwabo ngokwesondo ngaphambi nasemva kwentetho yevidiyo.

Iziphumo zabonisa unxibelelwano oluluqilima phakathi kweempawu ze-CA kunye neempawu zokuvuselela ngokwesondo kunye nokuchwayita ngokwesondo, ukujongana nokuziphatha ngokwesondo, kunye neempawu zengqondo. I-CA yayingadibenanga nokuziphatha okungaxhunyiwe kwisondo kunye nexesha lokusebenzisa i-cybersex veki nganye. Ukupheliswa kokuziphatha ngokwabelana ngesondo kuyinxalenye yobudlelwane phakathi konovuyo ngokwesondo kunye ne-CA. Iziphumo zithelekiswa nezo zichaziweyo kubafazi kunye nabasetyhini kwizifundo zangaphambili kwaye zixoxwa ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yokucinga kwe-CA, ebonisa indima yokuqiniswa okuhle nokubi ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwe-cybersex.

23) Indima ye-Neuroinflammation kwi-Pathophysiology ye-Hypersexual Disorder (Jokinen et al., 2016) - [Impendulo yoxinzelelo olungasebenziyo kunye neuro-ukudumba] - Olu phononongo luxele amanqanaba aphezulu okujikeleza kweTumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) kwizilonda zesondo xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo olusempilweni. Amanqanaba aphakamileyo e-TNF (uphawu lokudumba) afunyenwe nakwabaxhaphaza iziyobisi nakwizilwanyana ezinamakhoboka eziyobisi (utywala, i-heroin, imeth). Kwakukho unxibelelwano olomeleleyo phakathi kwamanqanaba e-TNF kunye nezikali zokulinganisa ezilinganisa ubungqingili.

24) Indlela yokuziphatha ngokwesondo: i-Prefrontal kunye neLimbic Volume kunye nokusebenzisana (Schmidt et al., 2016) - [Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwemijikelezo yangaphambili kunye novakalelo] - Olu luphononongo lwe-fMRI. Xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo olusempilweni lwezifundo ze-CSB (iziyobisi ezingamanyala) ziye zonyusa ivolumu ye-amygdala yasekhohlo kunye nokuncipha kokunxibelelana kokusebenza phakathi kwe-amygdala kunye ne-dorsolateral preortal cortex ye-DLPFC. Ukuncitshiswa kokunxibelelana kokusebenza phakathi kwe-amygdala kunye nokuhambelana kwangaphambili kwecortex kunye neziyobisi. Kucingelwa ukuba ukunxibelelana okungathathi ntweni kunciphisa ulawulo lwangaphambili lwecortex ngaphezulu kwempembelelo yomsebenzisi yokuzibandakanya ekuziphatheni okuluthayo. Olu phononongo lubonisa ukuba ubuthi beziyobisi bunokukhokelela kwinto engwevu kangako kwaye ke kunciphise umthamo we-amygdala kwiziyobisi. I-amygdala ihlala isebenza ngexesha lokujonga iphonografi, ngakumbi ngexesha lokuvezwa kokuqala kwesondo. Mhlawumbi ukuthanda izinto zesondo rhoqo kunye nokukhangela kunye nokufuna kukhokelela kwisiphumo esikhethekileyo kwi-amygdala kubasebenzisi abanyanzelekileyo be-porn. Ngenye indlela, iminyaka yobukhoboka be-porn kunye neziphumo ezibi kakhulu zoxinzelelo-kwaye cUkuxhalabisa uxinzelelo loluntu kuhambelana nokunyuka kwe-amygdala volume. Isifundo #16 ngenhla bafumanise ukuba "abantu abakhobelana ngesondo" banesistim sokuxinezeleka. Ngaba ukuxinezeleka okungapheliyo okuhlobene nokuxhatshazwa koononono / ngokwesondo, kunye nezinto ezenza isondo esisodwa, zikhokelela kwi-amygdala volume? Ingqungquthela:

Iziphumo zethu zangoku ziqulunqa umlinganiselo ophezulu kwintsimi echaphazelekayo kwisalathisi eshukumisayo kunye nokunxibelelana okuphantsi kokuphumla komnxeba we-prefrontal amanqwanqwa okulawula olawulo oluphezulu. Ukuphazanyiswa kwezi nethiwekhi kunokuchaza iipatheni zokuziphatha ezinobungozi kumvuzo ongqongileyo okanye umonakalo ophuculweyo kwiziphumo ezikhuthazayo zokukhuthaza. Nangona ukufunyaniswa kwethu okuphambanisayo kuhambelana nalabo base-SUD, ezi ziphumo zingabonakalisa ukungalingani njengomsebenzi weempembelelo ze-drug incordance. Ububungqina obonakalayo bubonisa ukuba kunokugqithiswa okunokwenzeka ngenkqubo yokulutha umlutha ngokukodwa ukuxhasa intsholongwane yokukhuthaza. Siye sabonisa ukuba umsebenzi kule nethwekhi yomnxeba uyathuthukiswa emva kokutshatyalaliswa kwiimpawu ezikhethekileyo zesondo okanye ezikhethiweyo [uBrand et al., 2016; Seok noSohn, 2015; Voon et al., 2014] kunye nentsebenziswano eyongeziweyo [uMechelmans et al., 2014] kwaye unomnqweno othe ngqo kwisigxina socansi kodwa kungekhona isifiso sesini esenziwa ngokubanzi [Brand et al., 2016; Voon et al., 2014].

Ukuqwalaselwa okwandisiweyo kwimicimbi yezesondo kuboniswa ngakumbi kukhetho lweendlela zokuziphatha ngokwesondo okuqinisekisa ulwalamano phakathi kwendawo yokwabelana ngesondo kunye nokukhetha ingqalelo [Banca et al., 2016]. Ezi ziphumo zentsebenzo eyongeziweyo enxulumene neenkcukacha zocansi zihluke kweso siphumo (okanye i-stimulus engenakunqunyulwa) apho ukuhlaziywa okuphuculweyo, mhlawumbi kuhambelana nomgaqo wokunyamezela, kwandisa ukhetho lwentando yesini (Banca et al., 2016]. Ngokubonke ezi ziphumo zikunceda ukucacisa i-neurobiology engundoqo ye-CSB ekhokelela ekuqondeni okukhulu kwengxaki kunye nokuchongwa kwamanqaku okuthinteka.

25) Umsebenzi we-Ventral Striatum Xa ukhangele iifoto ze-Pornography ezikhethiweyo zihambelanayo kunye nezibonakaliso ze-Internet zoTywala (UBrand et al., 2016) -Ukuphinda uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde wenziwe Ukufumana i- # 1: Umsebenzi weziko lomvuzo (i-ventral striatum) wawuphezulu kwimifanekiso engamanyala. Ukufumana i- # 2: I-Ventral striatum reactivity ehambelana nenqaku le-intanethi lokulutha ngokwesini. Zombini ezi ziphumo zibonisa ubuntununtunu kwaye zihambelane ne imodeli yoxhatshazo. Ababhali bathi "Isiseko se-Neural sokulutha iphonografi kwi-Intanethi sinokuthelekiswa nezinye iziyobisi." Isicatshulwa:

Olunye uhlobo lwe-intanethi ye-intanethi yinto ephangaleleyo yokusetyenziswa kwezithombe ezingcolileyo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-cybersex okanye i-intanethi ye-pornography. Ucwaningo lwe-Neuroimaging lufumene umsebenzi owenzayo xa abathathi-nxaxheba bebukele isicatshulwa esicacileyo sezesondo xa kuqhathaniswa nezinto ezingabonakaliyo zesini / izinto eziphathekayo. Ngoku sithemba ukuba i-striral striatum kufuneka iphendule kwi-pornography ekhethiweyo ngokuthelekiswa nemifanekiso engabonakaliyo yoononopopasho kunye nokuba umsebenzi we-ventral striatum kulo mzekelo ufanele uhambelane neempawu ezizimeleyo zokuxhatshazwa kwe-pornography. Siye safunda i-19 abathathi-nxaxheba besilisa abathandanayo nomfanekiso wesithombe kuquka izinto ezikhethiweyo ezikhethiweyo nezingabonwayo.

Imifanekiso esuka kwinqanaba elikhethiweyo libalwe njengento ephakanyisayo, engaphantsi kakubi, kwaye isondele ngakumbi. Impendulo ye-Ventral striatum yayinamandla kwiimeko ezikhethiweyo ezifaniswa nemifanekiso engakhethiweyo. Umsebenzi we-Ventral striatum kulo mlinganiso wawunxulumene neempawu ezizimeleyo ze-intanethi. Ubunzima bokuzibonakalisa obunzima bokubaluleka kwakuyiyo kuphela yongqinisiso oluphawulekayo ekuhlaziyeni ngokunyanisekileyo kunye neempembelelo ze-striatum njengezinto ezixhomekeke kuzo kunye nezibonakaliso ezizimeleyo zokuxhatshazwa kweentlobano zoonografi, ukuziphatha okuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo, ukuziphatha okubi, ukuxinezeleka, ukuqonda, kunye nokuziphatha ngokwesondo ezinsukwini zokugqibela njengoko . Iziphumo zixhasa indima ye-ventral striatum ekusebenziseni ukukulindela umvuzo kunye nokuxhaswa okuxhomekeke kwizinto eziphathekayo ezikhethiweyo eziphathekayo. Iinkqubo zokulindela umvuzo kwi-ventral striatum zinokufaka isandla kwisichazelo se-neural sokuba kutheni abantu abathile abanomdla kunye neengcamango zesondo basemngciphekweni wokulahlekelwa ukulawula kwabo kwi-intanethi yokusetyenziswa kwamanyala.

26) Isimo sokuThuthukiswa kwesisombululo kunye ne-Neural Ukudibanisa kwiZifundo ngeendlela zokuziphatha ngokwesondo (Klucken et al., 2016) -Ukuphinda ukwenze kwakhona / ukubonakalisa uvakalelo kunye neesekethe ezingasebenzi kakuhle) - Olu phando lwaseJamani lwe-fMRI luphindaphinde iziphumo ezimbini eziphambili ezivela Voon et al., 2014 kwaye Kuhn kunye neGallinat 2014. Iziphumo eziPhambili: I-correlates ye-neural yemeko yokutya kunye nokuxhuma kwe-neural yatshintshwa kwiqela le-CSB. Ngokutsho kwabaphandi, utshintsho lokuqala - ukunyusa ukusebenza kwe-amygdala-kunokubonakalisa imeko yokuqhutywa (enkulu "yocingo" kwiindawo ezingathathi hlangothi ngaphambili ezazichaza imifanekiso engamanyala). Utshintsho lwesibini- ukunciphisa ukudityaniswa phakathi kwe-ventral striatum kunye necortex yangaphambili - inokuba luphawu lokungakwazi ukulawula iimpembelelo.

Abaphandi bathi, "Olu tshintsho luhambelana nolunye uphononongo lokuphononongwa kwe-neural correlates yeengxaki zokulutha kunye nokusilela kolawulo." Iziphumo zokuvuselelwa kwe-amygdalar enkulu kwizikhokelo (ku khuthazwa) kunye nokunciphisa uxhumano phakathi kwesikhungo somvuzo kunye ne-prefrontal cortex (ukungazenzisiZimbini zeenguqulelo ezinkulu zobuchopho ezibonwe kwikhoboka leziyobisi. Ukongeza, i-3 yabasebenzisi be-porn abanyanzelekileyo abangama-20 banesifo se-orgasmic-erection disorder. Isicatshulwa:

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukunyuka kwe-amygdala kwenzelwe ukunyuka komsebenzi kunye nokunciphisa ngokuthe ngcembe kwe-PF-coupling-PFC ukuvumela ukucatshungulwa malunga ne-etiology kunye nokunyangwa kwe-CSB. Izifundo ze-CSB zibonakala zilungele ukuseka imibutho phakathi kwamacandelo angathathi hlangothi kunye nesistim sokungqinelana ngokwesondo. Ngaloo ndlela, ezi zifundo ziyakwazi ukuhlangabezana neengongoma ezenza ukuziphatha okuthe ngqo. Ingaba oku kukhokelela kwi-CSB okanye umphumo we-CSB kufuneka uphendulwe ngophando olusasa. Ukongezelela, iinkqubo zokulawulwa kwezimo eziphazamisekileyo, ezibonakaliswayo ekunciphiseni ukuxhamla kwe-prefrontal, zingaphinde zisekele ukugcinwa kokuziphatha kwengxaki.

27) Ukunyanzeliswa Ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kakubi kwePathological of Remrues and Non-Drugs (Banca et al., 2016) - [cue cacac reactivity / sensitization, enhanced response]] - Olu phando lwe-fMRI yeYunivesithi yaseCambridge ithelekisa imiba yokunyanzelwa butywala, izidla ngotywala, iziyobisi kumdlalo wevidiyo kunye neziyobisi ezingamanyala (CSB). Izicatshulwa:

Ngokungafani nezinye izifo, i-CSB kuthelekiswa ne-HV ibonise ukufumana ngokukhawuleza ukufumana iziphumo kunye nokunyamezela okukhulu kwiimeko zokuvuza kungakhathaliseki ukuba ziphumo. Izifundo ze-CSB azibonanga naluphi na ukuphazamiseka okuthe ngqo kumsebenzi wokutshintshwa okanye ukuguqulwa kokufunda. Ezi ziphumo zidibanisa kunye neziphumo zethu zangaphambilini zokukhethwa okukhethiweyo kwimiqathango ephathelele kwisini okanye iziphumo zemali, ngokubanzi iphakamisa ukuqonda okuphuculweyo ukuvuza (Banca et al., 2016). Uphando olongezelelweyo usebenzisa imivuzo engundoqo luboniswe.

28) Ukuqwenela ngokukhawuleza ukukhwabanisa i-Pornography kunye nokuFundiswa kweNkcazo UkuXela iziThambeko kwi-Cyber ​​Sex Addiction kwiSample of regular users of Cybersex (Snagkowski et al., 2016) -Ukuphinda uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde ukuba wenze lo nto, uphendule ngendlela efanelekileyo) Izicatshulwa:

Akukho mvumelwano malunga neendlela zokuxilonga ze-cyber sex addiction. Ezinye zihamba emva kokufana nokuxhomekeka kwezinto eziphathekayo, apho ukufunda okubambisanayo kuyindlela ebalulekileyo. Kulo pho nonongo, i-86 yindoda engatshatanga ngesondo iyagqiba iPavlovian Standard ukuya kwi-Instrumental Transfer Task eguqulelwe imifanekiso engamanyala ukuze iphande i-learning associative kwi-addiction ye-cybersex. Ukongezelela, ukufunwa ngokuzimela ngenxa yokubukela imifanekiso yeentlobano eziphathekayo kunye nokunyamekela ukukhwabanisa i-cybersex. Iziphumo zabonisa impembelelo yokufuna ukuzithemba ngokubhekiselele kumlingo we-intanethi we-intanethi, othotyelwe yinkqubo yokufunda.

Ngokubanzi, ezi zinto zifunyanisiweyo zikhomba kwindima ebaluleke kakhulu yokufunda okudibeneyo kuphuhliso lwezinto ezinobungozi kwi-cybersex, ngelixa zibonelela ngobunye ubungqina obuphathekayo bokufana phakathi kokuxhomekeka kwento kunye neziyobisi ze-cybersex. Isishwankathelo, iziphumo zophando lwangoku zicebisa ukuba ukufunda ngokudibeneyo kungadlala indima ebalulekileyo malunga nokuphuhliswa kwesiyobisi se-cybersex. Iziphumo zethu zinika obunye ubungqina bokufana phakathi konxinzelelo lwe-cybersex kunye nokuxhomekeka kwizinto ngenxa yokuba iimpembelelo zokunqwenela ulangazelelo kunye nokufunda ngokudibeneyo kubonisiwe.

29) Iimoya zitshintsha emva kokubukela iphonografi kwi-Intanethi zixhomekeke kwiimpawu ze-intanethi-i-pornography-ukujonga ingxaki (ILayer kunye neBrand, 2016) - [Iminqweno / uvakalelo olukhulu, ukuthanda okuncinci] - Amacatshulwa:

Iziphumo eziphambili zesifundo kukuba ukutyekela kwi-Intanethi ye-Intanethi ye-Pornography (IPD) yayinxulumene kakubi kunye nokuziva kakuhle, ukuvuka, nokuzola kunye nokuxhalabisa ngokubonakalayo kwimpilo yemihla ngemihla kunye nokukhuthaza ukusebenzisa i-intanethi ye-intanethi ngokubhekiselele ekufuneni kunye nokuphepha ngokweemvakalelo. Ukongezelela, ukutyekela kwi-IPD kwakunxulumene kakubi nemimoya ngaphambi nangemva kokubukela i-intanethi ye-intanethi kunye nokunyuka okwenyani nokuzola.

Ubudlelwane phakathi kokuthambekela kwi-IPD kunye nolangazelelo lokufuna ngenxa ye-Intanethi-ukusetyenziswa kwe-ponografi kwakumodareyithwa kuvavanyo lwe-orgasm. Ngokubanzi, iziphumo zophononongo ziyahambelana nengcinga yokuba i-IPD inxulunyaniswa nenkuthazo yokufumana ukoneliseka ngokwesondo kunye nokuthintela okanye ukujamelana neemvakalelo eziphikisayo kunye nokucinga ukuba ukutshintsha kwemood kulandela ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwe-IPD (Cooper et al., 1999 kwaye I-Laier kunye neBrits, i-2014).

30) Ukuziphatha kakubi kwezesondo kubantu abadala: Iinkampani kuzo zonke iinkqubo zonyango, zokuziphatha kunye ne-neurocognitive (2016) - [Ukusebenza kakubi kolawulo] - Abantu abaneeNgxaki zeSondo eziNengxaki (i-PSB) babonisa ukusilela kwe-neuro-cognitive. Ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukuba zihlwempuzekile esebenzayo (ulwaphulo-mthetho) inkalo yengqondo ebalulekileyo eyenzeka kwizilonda zamachiza. Ambalwa amacatshulwa:

Isiphumo esisodwa esibonakalayo kulolu hlalutyo kukuba i-PSB ibonisa imibutho ebalulekileyo kunye nenani lezinto ezinokonkcenkceshela, kuquka ukuzithemba okuphantsi, ukunciphisa umgangatho wobomi, i-BMI ephakamileyo, kunye nemilinganiselo ephezulu yokuxhatshazwa kweengxaki ezininzi ...

... kunokwenzeka ukuba iinkalo zekliniki ezichongiweyo kwiqela le-PSB ziyabangelwa yi-variable variable ephakamisa ii-PSB kunye nezinye iimpawu zeklinikhi. Enye into ebalulekileyo yokuzalisa le nxaxheba ingaba yizinto ezingenayo i-neurocognitive deficits eziboniswe kwiqela le-PSB, ngokukodwa ezo eziphathelele kwimemori yokusebenza, ukunyanzeliswa / ukulawula okuphazamisayo, kunye nokwenza izigqibo. Ukususela kulo mboniso, kunokwenzeka ukuba ulandele iingxaki ezibonakalayo kwi-PSB kunye neenkcukacha ezongezelelweyo zeklinikhi, ezifana nokudityaniswa kwemvakalelo, kwiingxaki ezithile zokuqonda ...

Ukuba iingxaki zeengcamango ezichazwe kuloluhlalutyo empeleni ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-PSB, oku kunokuba nempembelelo ekliniki.

31) I-Methylation ye-HPA Axis Izidalwa ezinxulumene nabantu abane-Hypersexual Disorder (Jokinen et al., 2017) - [Impendulo yoxinzelelo kuxinzelelo, utshintsho lwe-epigenetic] - Olu lulandelayo #16 ngenhla efumanise ukuba iziyobisi ezabelana ngesondo zineenkqubo zoxinzelelo ezingasebenzi kakuhle- utshintsho oluphambili lwe-neuro-endocrine olubangelwa likhoboka. Uphononongo lwangoku lufumene utshintsho lwe-epigenetic kwiijeni eziphambili kwimpendulo yoxinzelelo lomntu kunye nokunxulumana ngokusondeleyo nokulutha. Ngotshintsho lwe-epigenetic, Ulandelelwano lweDNA alutshintshi (njengoko kwenzekayo ngenguqu). Endaweni yoko, i-gene ishicilelwe kwaye ibonakaliso yayo iphendukile okanye iphantsi (Ividiyo emfutshane ichaza i-epigenetics). Utshintsho lwe-epigenetic oluchazwe kulolu pho nonongo lubangele ukuguqulwa komsebenzi wegciwane le-CRF. CRF i-neurotransmitter kunye nehommone eqhuba iimpawu zokulutha ezifana nezifiso, kwaye ngumdlali omkhulu kwiimpawu ezininzi zokurhoxiswa ezimalunga nazo izinto kwaye izilingo zokuziphatha, kubandakanya umlutha wezobisi.

32) Ukuhlolisana Ubudlelwane phakathi kokunyanzeliswa ngokwesondo kunye neengqondo ezijongene nocwangco kumazwi anxulumene nezesondo kwiqela labantu abaxhatshazwa ngokwesondo (Albery et al., 2017) - [cue cacac reactivity / sensitization, desensitization] - Olu phononongo luphindaphinda iziphumo ze- esi sifundo seYunivesithi ye-2014 Cambridge, ethelekisa ukuthanda ingqalelo kweziyobisi ezingamanyala kulawulo olusempilweni. Nantsi into entsha: Uphononongo ludibanise "iminyaka yokwabelana ngesondo" kunye ne-1) amanqaku okuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo kunye ne-2) iziphumo zomsebenzi wokuthathela ingqalelo.

Phakathi kokufumana amanqaku aphezulu ngokwesini, iminyaka embalwa yamava ezesondo yayinxulumene nokukhathalela okungakumbi.inkcazo yenkcazo). Amanqanaba aphezulu okunyanzelwa ngokwesini + iminyaka embalwa yamava ezesondo = iimpawu ezinkulu zokulutha (ukuthathelwa ingqalelo okukhulu, okanye ukuphazamiseka). Kodwa ukuthathelwa ingqalelo kuthoba ngokukhawuleza kubasebenzisi abanyanzelekileyo, kwaye kuyanyamalala kwelona nani liphezulu leminyaka yamava ezesondo. Ababhali baqukumbele ngelithi esi siphumo sinokubonisa ukuba iminyaka engaphezulu "yokunyanzelwa kokuziphatha ngokwesondo" ikhokelela ekuziqheliseni ngakumbi okanye ekunciphiseni ngokubanzi impendulo yolonwabo (ukungafuneki). Isicatshulwa kwisiphelo:

Enye inkcazo enokubakho kwezi ziphumo kukuba xa umntu esenza ngokwesondo umntu ezibandakanya ekuziphatheni okunganyanzelekanga, ithemplethi yomdibaniso ehambelana nayo iyakhula [36-38] kwaye emva kwexesha, indlela yokuziphatha egqithisileyo iyafuneka kwinqanaba elifanayo lokuvuselela lifezekiswe. Kuyaphikiswa ukuba njengomntu obandakanyeka ekuziphatheni ngokunyanzelekileyo, ii-neuropathways ziye zenziwe zanganyanzeliswa kukhuthazo lwesini 'oluqhelekileyo' okanye imifanekiso kwaye abantu baphendukele kwisizathu 'esigqibeleleyo' sokukhumbula ukuthanda okuvuselelweyo. Oku kungqinelana nomsebenzi obonisa ukuba amadoda 'aphilile' abahlali abahlali bacacisa ukuba ixesha lokuhlala libonakaliswa ngokuphendula okungathandekiyo kunye nokuthandwayo [39].

Oku kuthetha ukuba kunyanzelekile, abathathi-nxaxheba ababelana ngesondo baye 'banzima' okanye bangazikhathaleli amagama 'aqhelekileyo' ahambelana nesondo asetyenziswa kwisifundo sangoku kwaye njengoko ukubonakalisa kunciphisile ukunakana, ngelixa abo banezinyanzeliso ezininzi kunye namava amancinci basabonakalisa ukuphazamiseka kuba isincoko sibonisa ngakumbi ukuqonda

33) Ukusebenza kweGosa lokuSebenza ngokuSigxina ngokwezesondo kunye nokungaboni ngesondo Ngaphambi nangemva kokubukela iVideo yeHeroti (Messina et al., 2017) - [Ukusebenza kolawulo oluhlwempuzekileyo, umnqweno omkhulu / uvakalelo Ukusebenza ngokuhlwempuzekileyo kokusebenza xa kutyhilwa imikhwa enxulumene nokulutha luphawu lokuphazamiseka kweziyobisi (kubonisa zombini zatshintshile izijikelezo zokuhamba kwaye ku khuthazwa). Amacatshulwa:

Oku kufumanisa kubonisa ukuguquguquka okungcono kwengqondo emva kokuvuselelwa ngokwesondo ngokulawulwa ngokumalunga nabachaphazelekayo ngokwesini. Ezi nkcukacha zenkxaso zengcamango yokuba amadoda afuna ukuziphatha ngokwesini ayenakuyisebenzisela impembelelo yokufunda evela kumava, oko kunokubangela ukuguqulwa kokuziphatha okungcono. Oku kuya kuqondwa njengokungabikho komphumo wokufunda ngeqela loxhatshazo ngokwesini xa bexhatshazwa ngokwesondo, okufana noko kwenzekayo kumjikelezo wokuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo, oqala ngokunyuka kwenyathelo lokwabelana ngesondo, olulandelwe ukusetyenziswa kwesondo izikripthi kunye ne-orgasm, ngokuqhelekileyo kubandakanya ukufikelela kwiimeko eziyingozi.

34) Ngaba Iingcamango Zononophelo Zingayilungisa? Isifundo seFMRI samadoda afuna unyango lweengxaki zoononophelo Sebenzisa (Gola et al., 2017) -Ukuphinda uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde usebenze Izicatshulwa:

Amadoda kunye nokusetyenziswa kweengxaki zoononophelo kweengxaki (PPU) ezahlukileyo ekusebenziseni ubuchopho ekubhekiseleleni kwimifanekiso yokukhwabanisa, kodwa kungekhona ekuphenduleni imizobo yodwa, ngokuhambelana intshisekelo yombono wobugqwetha. Ukusebenza kwengqondo kwakuhamba kunye nokuziphatha okwandisiweyo kokujonga imifanekiso engamanyala (ephezulu 'yokufuna'). I-Ventral striatal reactivity ye-cues eqikelela imifanekiso engamanyala yayihambelana kakhulu nobukrakra be-PPU, isixa sokwenza iphonografi ngeveki kunye nenani lokuphulula amalungu esini ngeveki. Iziphumo zethu zicebisa ukuba njengokusebenzisa iziyobisi kunye nokuphazamiseka ekungcakazeni iindlela ze-neural kunye neendlela zokuziphatha ezinxulunyaniswa nokulindeleka kokuboniswa kwezixhobo ezinxulumene nokubaluleka kweempawu ezifanelekileyo ze-PPU. Ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukuba i-PPU inokumela isimilo sokuziphatha kwaye ungenelelo ngoncedo ekujoliseni isimilo kunye neziyobisi zikholelekile ekuqwalaseleni uhlengahlengiso kunye nokusetyenziswa ekuncedeni amadoda ane-PPU.

35) Imilinganiselo yokuCamngca kunye engeyiyo yoMvakalelo: Ngaba iyayikhathaza ngokuphindaphindiweyo kweeNografi? (IKunaharan et al., 2017) - [Ukuziqhelanisa okanye ukungafuneki] -Uvavanyo oluvavanyiweyo lwabasebenzisi be-porn (ukufundwa kwe-EEG kunye neMpendulo ye-Startle) kwimifanekiso eyahlukeneyo enokubangela iimvakalelo- kubandakanya ne-erotica. Uphononongo lufumene ulwahlulo oluninzi lwe-neurological phakathi kwabasebenzisi abancinci be-porn kunye nabasebenzisi abaphezulu be-porn. Izicatshulwa:

Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa koonografi okwandisiweyo kubonakala kunempembelelo kwiimpendulo ezingenayo ingqalelo kwiimvakalelo ezenziweyo zengqondo ezingaboniswa ngokuzichaza ngokucacileyo.

4.1. Iingqamaniso ezicacileyo: Okuthakazelisayo, iqela eliphezulu lokusebenzisa iigrazil lilinganise imifanekiso engabonakaliyo njengento engathandekiyo kuneqela eliphakathi. Ababhali bathetha ukuba oku kungakho ngenxa yemifanekiso "ye-soft-core" yeemifanekiso "ezinobunzima" eziqulethwe kwiziko le-IAPS ngokungaboneleli izinga lokuvuselela, njengokuba kuboniswe nguHarper noHodgins [58] ukuba ujonge ukubonwa rhoqo ngemifanekiso engamanyala, abantu abaninzi badla ngokunyuka bade babukele izinto ezinzulu kakhulu ukugcina umgangatho ofanayo womzimba.

Udidi lweemvakalelo "ezithandekayo" lubone ukuhlenga-hlengisa kwawo onke amaqela amathathu kuyafana ngokusetyenziswa kweqela eliphakemeyo lokujonga imifanekiso njengeminye nje engathandekiyo kumndilili kunamanye amaqela. Oku kusenokubakho ngenxa yemifanekiso "ethandekayo" ebonisiweyo engakhuthazi ngokwaneleyo abantu abakwiqela elisebenzisa kakhulu. Izifundo zibonise ukuhla kwe-physiological ekusetyenzisweni komxholo wethamsanqa ngenxa yeziphumo zokuhlala kubantu abafuna rhoqo ukubukela izinto ezingamanyala [3, 7, 8]. Ngabambano bombhali ukuba le miphumo ingaba i-akhawunti yeziphumo ezibonwe.

4.3. I-Startle Reflex Modulation (SRM): Isiphumo esiphezulu se-amplitude sempembelelo esibonakalayo kumaqela aphantsi asebenzisa ama-porn amaqela angacaciswa ngabo bahlukileyo ngenjongo yokuphepha ukusetyenziswa koononografi, njengoko bangayifumana into engathandekiyo. Ngaphandle koko, iziphumo ezifunyenweyo nazo zingaba ngenxa yempembelelo yokuhlala, apho abantu kula maqela bajonga ngakumbi izinto ezingcolileyo kunokuba zichazwe ngokucacileyo-mhlawumbi ngenxa yezizathu zentloni phakathi kwabanye, njengokuba iziphumo zokuhlala ziboniswe ukwandisa ukukhanya kwamehlo okuphazamiseka kwamehlo [41, 42].

36) Ukubonakaliswa kwi-Stimuli yoSondo kuHlulela kwiNkcazo yokuThuthukiswa koPhulo oluPhambili kwiNkcazo yoLuntu phakathi kwabantu (ICheng kunye neChiou, 2017) - [Ukusebenza kolawulo oluhlwempuzekileyo, ukungxamiseka okungakumbi- ulingelo lokuzibangela] - Kwizifundo ezibini ezichazwe kwisistim esibonwayo sezesondo kubangele: 1) isaphulelo esithe kratya (ukungakwazi ukulibazisa ukuzanelisa), 2) utyekelo olukhulu lokuzibandakanya kwi-cyber-delinquency, 3) enkulu utyekelo lokuthenga iimpahla zomgunyathi kunye nokugenca iakhawunti yomntu ye-Facebook. Ukuthathwa kunye oku kubonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa koononophelo kwandisa ukunyanzeliswa kwaye kunokunciphisa imisebenzi ethile yolawulo (ukuzithiba, ukugweba, ukubonwa kwangaphambili, ukulawula ukunyanzelisa). Isicatshulwa:

Abantu bahlala behlangana nesistim sezesondo ngexesha lokusebenzisa i-intanethi. Uphando luye lwabonisa ukuba ukunyanzelisa isishumo sezesondo kunokukhokelela ekubeni unomdla omkhulu kumadoda, njengoko kubonakaliswe kwisaphulelo esiphezulu sexeshana (oko kukuthi, ukuthambekela kokukhetha amancinci, ukuzuzisa ngokukhawuleza kwiindawo ezinkulu nakwixesha elizayo).

Ekugqibeleni, iziphumo ezikhoyo zibonisa umbutho phakathi kwesisombululo sezesondo (umzekelo, ukubonakalisa imifanekiso yabesifazane abasetyhini okanye iingubo zokuvusa ngesondo) kunye nokubandakanyeka kwamadoda kwi-cyber delinquency. Iziphumo zethu zibonisa ukuba ukunyaniseka kwabantu kunye nokuzithiba, njengoko kubonakaliswe ukuhlawulelwa kwesikhashana, banokungaphumeleli ekujonganeni nesisombululo sezesondo. Amadoda angenelwa ekubekeni iliso nokuba ukubonakaliswa kwesistim sezesondo kuhambelana nokukhetha kwabo kunye nokuziphatha kwabo. Izinto esizifumanisayo zibonisa ukuba ukuhlangabezana nesisombululo sokwabelana ngesondo kunokubangela ukuba amadoda angene endleleni ye-cyber delinquency

Iziphumo ezikhoyo zibonisa ukuba ukufumaneka okuphezulu kwesistim sezesondo kwi-cyberpace kunokunxulunyaniswa ngokusondeleyo nokuziphatha gwenxa kwe-cyber kunokuba bekucingelwa ngaphambili.

37) Iziganeko zokucwangcisa (iNgxaki) Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Intanethi Izinto ezicacileyo zesondo: Inxaxheba yesiThumo sokuThatshazwa ngokwesondo kunye neNdlela ecacileyo ukuThambekela kwizinto ezicacileyo zesondo (Stark et al., 2017) - [cueacac reactivity / sensitization / cravings] - Amacatshulwa:

Uphononongo lwangoku luphandwe ukuba iinjongo zesondo zesenzo kunye nokuziphatha okuthe ngqo kwizinto eziphathekayo ngokwesondo ziyi-predictors ye-SEM engxaki kunye nokusetyenziswa kwexesha eliqhelekileyo elijongene ne-SEM. Ngendlela yokuziphatha, sasebenzisa umsebenzi we-Approach-Avoidance Task (AAT) wokulinganisa ukuthambekela okuthe ngqo kwizinto zesini. Ulungelelwano oluhle phakathi kokuthambekela okuthe ngqo kwi-SEM kunye nexesha eliqhelekileyo elichithwa ekubukeni i-SEM linokucaciswa ngemiphumo engqalelo: Ukunyamekela okuthe ngqo kunokuthi kuchazwe njengengqalelo kwi-SEM. Isihloko esinokubaluleka kwimiba engathandabuzwayo sinokutsaliswa ngakumbi kwiinkcukacha zesondo kwi-Intanethi ngenxa yexesha elide elichithwe kwiziko le-SEM.

38) Ukuthotyelwa koMlingo woTyhila ngoBuchule ngokusekelwe kwiNkqubo yeComputerational Neurophysiological (Kamaruddin kunye al., 2018) - Ngcaciso:

Kulo phepha, indlela yokusebenzisa umqondiso wengqondo evela kwindawo yangaphambili efunyenweyo usebenzisa i-EEG icetyiswa ukuba ibone ukuba umntu othabatha inxaxheba unokufumana umlutha wobugqwetha okanye ngenye indlela. Isebenza ngendlela ehambelana nombuzo oqhelekileyo wengqondo. Iziphumo zokuvavanya zibonisa ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba abanomlwelwe banomsebenzi ogqamile we-alfayili kwinqanaba leengqondo eliphambili xa kuthelekiswa nabathathi-nxaxheba abangengabo. Ingabonwa ngokusetyenziswa kweemandla zombane usebenzisa i-Low Resolution Tomomagnetic Tomography (LORETA). I-band ye -ta ibonisa ukuba kukho ukungalingani phakathi komlutha kunye nongekho. Nangona kunjalo, ukwahlula akucaci njengobumba be-alpha.

39) Ukulahleka kwezinto ezininzi kunye nokuxhaswa kwezinga lokuphumla kwimeko ye-temporarily gyrus phakathi kwabantu abaneempembelelo zokuxhatshazwa koxhatshazo (Ukufuna kunye neSohn, 2018) - [ukusilela kwezinto ezingwevu kwicortex yokwexeshana, ukunxibelelana okukhohlakeleyo kokusebenza phakathi kwecortex yexeshana kunye ne-precuneus kunye ne-caudate] - Isifundo se-fMRI ngokuthelekisa ngononophelo abavavanywa ngokwesini iziyobisi ("ingxaki yokuziphatha kwabafazi") kwizifundo zolawulo olusempilweni. Xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo lweziyobisi zesini: 1) kuncitshiswe into engwevu kwii-lobes zexeshana (imimandla enxulumene nokuthintela inkanuko yesini); I-2) inciphise i-precuneus kwi-temporal cortex esebenzayo yokunxibelelana (inokubonisa ubuchwephesha kumandla okutshintsha ingqalelo); I-3) inciphise i-caudate kwi-temporal cortex esebenzayo yokunxibelelana (inokuthintela ulawulo oluphezulu lweempembelelo). Izicatshulwa:

Ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukuba ukulahleka kwesakhiwo kwi-gyrus yesikhashana kunye nokuhlanganiswa okusebenzayo phakathi kwe-gyrus yesikhashana kunye neendawo ezithile (oko kukuthi, i-precuneus ne-caudate) inokubangela ukuphazamiseka kwi-tonic yokuvimbela isondo ngoomntu one-PHB. Ngaloo ndlela, ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukuba utshintsho kwisakhiwo kunye noxanduva olusebenzayo kwi-gyrus ye-temporal lunokuba yimpawu ezithile ze-PHB kwaye zingaba ngabaviwa be-biomarker yokuxilongwa kwe-PHB.

Ukwandiswa kwezinto ezingwevu kwitoni ye-cerebellar yasekunene kunye nokunyuka kokudityaniswa kweetoni ye-cerebellar yasekhohlo kunye ne-STG yasekhohlo kwajongwa kwakhona…. Ke ngoko, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukonyuka komthamo wezinto ezingwevu kunye nokunxibelelana okusebenzayo kwi-cerebellum kunxulunyaniswa nokuziphatha okunyanzelekileyo kubantu abane-PHB.

Isishwankathelo, i-VBM yangoku kunye novavanyo lokusebenza oluxhamlayo lubonisa ukungaphumeleli kwimiba ebomvu kunye nokuxhumeka komsebenzi kwi-gyrus yexesha eliphakathi kwabantu abane-PHB. Okubaluleke nakakhulu, isakhiwo esinciphileyo kunye nokuxhuma okusebenzayo kwakunxulumene kakubi ne-PHB. Ezi ziphumo zibonelela iinkcukacha ezintsha kwiindlela ezisetyenziswayo ze-neural ze-PHB.

40) Iindlela eziphathekayo kwi-intanethi-iiporografi-sebenzisa ingxaki: Ukwahlukana kwamadoda nabasetyhini ngokubhekiselele kwizinto ezinqabileyo zokuzikhumbuza (Pekal et al., 2018) -Ukuphinda ukwenze kwakhona / ukukhuthaza, ukuthanda ukuphucula). Izicatshulwa:

 Ababhali abaliqela bajonga i-Intanethi-iphonografi-sebenzisa ingxaki (IPD) njengengxaki yokulutha. Enye yeendlela eziye zafundwa nzulu kwizinto ezinengxaki yokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kunye nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi kukukhulisa umdla wokuthathela ingqalelo imikhwa enxulumene nokulutha. Ukuthathelwa ingqalelo kuthathelwa ingqalelo njengeenkqubo zokuqonda zomntu ngamnye ezichaphazeleka kukunxibelelana okunxulumene neziyobisi okubangelwa yimeko yenkuthazo yomgangatho ngokwawo. Kucingelwa kwimodeli ye-I-PACE yokuba kubantu abaqhelekileyo ekuphuhliseni iimpawu ze-IPD ezingaziwayo kunye nokusebenza kwakhona kunye nokunqwenela kuvela kunye nokwanda kwinkqubo yokulutha. Ukuphanda ngendima yokuqwalaselwa kwengqwalaselo kuphuhliso lwe-IPD, siphande isampulu yabathathi-nxaxheba abesilisa nabasetyhini abali-174. Umkhethe okhathaleleyo walinganiswa noMsebenzi woPhando oluBonakalayo, apho abathathi-nxaxheba kwafuneka baphendule kwiintolo ezivela emva kwemifanekiso engamanyala okanye engathathi hlangothi.

Ukongeza, abathathi-nxaxheba kuye kwafuneka babonise inkanuko yabo yesini eqhutywa yimifanekiso engamanyala. Ngaphaya koko, utyekelo malunga ne-IPD lalinganiswa kusetyenziswa uvavanyo olufutshane lwe-Internetsex. Iziphumo zolu phononongo zibonise ubudlelwane phakathi kokukhathalelwa kokukhathalela kunye nobunzima beempawu ze-IPD ngokunxibelelene phakathi nezalathi zeempawu zokwenziwa kwakhona komnqweno. Ngelixa amadoda kunye nabasetyhini bahluke ngokupheleleyo kumaxesha okusabela ngenxa yemifanekiso engamanyala, uhlalutyo lokuphononongwa okulungelelanisiweyo lubonise ukuba ukukhetha okubonakalayo kwenzeka ngokuzimeleyo ngokwesondo kwimeko yeempawu ze-IPD. Iziphumo zixhasa ukuqiqa komfuziselo womzekelo we-I-PACE ngokubhekisele ekuthambekeni kweeseli ezinento yokwenza nomlutha kwaye ziyahambelana nezifundo ezimalunga nokusebenza kwakhona kunye nokulangazelela kwengxaki yokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi.

41) I-Prefrontal echanekileyo kunye nomsebenzi ongezantsi weParietal Umsebenzi Ngomsebenzi we-Stroop kuBantu abodwa abaneengxaki zokuziphatha ngoxinzelelo (Ukufuna kunye neSohn, 2018) - [ulawulo lwentlupheko olusebenzayo- ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-PFC]. Izicatshulwa:

Ubungqina obufumanayo bucebisa ubudlelwane phakathi kwengxaki yokuziphatha kwengqondo (PHB) kunye nokwehla kolawulo oluphezulu. Izifundo zonyango zibonakalise ukuba abantu abane-PHB babonisa amanqanaba aphezulu okunyanzelwa; Nangona kunjalo, kuncinci okwaziwayo malunga neendlela ze-neural eziphantsi kolawulo lwesiphathamandla esiphazamisekileyo kwi-PHB. Olu phononongo luphande ulungelelwaniso lwe-neural nolawulo lolawulo oluphezulu kubantu abane-PHB kunye nolawulo olusempilweni lusebenzisa umnyhadala ohambelana nomcimbi wokulinganisa amandla ombane (fMRI).

Bangamashumi amabini anesithathu abantu abane-PHB kunye nabathathi-nxaxheba abangama-22 abalulamileyo abathathe inxaxheba kwi-fMRI ngelixa besenza umsebenzi weStroop. Ixesha lokuphendula kunye namanqanaba eempazamo athelekiswa njengezalathiso zommandla wolawulo. Abantu abane-PHB babonisa ukungasebenzi kakuhle komsebenzi kunye nokusebenza okusezantsi kwindawo efanelekileyo yecortoral dortolateral preortal cortex (DLPFC) kunye ne-portetal cortex ephantsi ye-portet. Ukongeza, iimpendulo ezixhomekeke kumgangatho weoksijini kwezi ndawo zinxibelelene nobubi. I-DLPFC elungileyo kunye ne-cortex ephantsi ye-parietal inxulunyaniswa nolawulo oluphezulu lokucwangciswa kwengqondo kunye nokujonga okubonakalayo, ngokulandelanayo. Iziphumo zethu ziphakamisa ukuba abantu abane-PHB banciphise ulawulo oluphezulu kunye nokusebenza okungasebenzi kakuhle kwi-DLPFC efanelekileyo kunye ne-parietal cortex ephantsi, ukubonelela ngesiseko se-neural ye-PHB.

42) Umxholo kunye nokungahambi kombuso kwindoda enokutyekela kwi-intanethi-ukuphonononga i-pornography-ukusebenzisa izifo (I-Antons kunye neBrand, 2018) - [Iminqweno eyandisiweyo, imeko enkulu kunye nokuziphatha okungathandekiyo]. Izicatshulwa:

Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba ukungathandabuzeki komsebenzi kwakunxulumene nobunzima obuphezulu be-intanethi-iiporografi-ukusetyenziswa kweengxaki (IPD). Ngokukodwa abo bendoda abaneempembelelo eziphezulu kunye nesimo sengqondo sombuso kwiimeko zobunono bobugcisa be-stop-signal signal kunye nalabo abaneempembelelo eziphezulu ezibonisa iimpawu ezinzima ze-IPD.

Ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukuba zombini umgangatho kunye nokungahambi kombuso kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuhlisweni kwe-IPD. Ngokuhambelana nemimiselo emibili yeenkqubo likhoboka, iziphumo zingabonakalisa ukungalingani phakathi kweenkqubo ezingabonakaliyo kunye nezibonakaliso ezinokubangelwa zixhobo zoonobumba. Oku kungakhokelela ekulahlekelweni kolawulo kwi-intanethi-ukusetyenziswa koonografi kusetyenziswe imiphumo emibi.

43) Iintlobo zokungafuni nokuzibandakanya ezihlukeneyo phakathi kokuzonwabisa kunye nokungalawulwa ngokungekho mthethweni kwe-intanethi ye-intanethi (Stephanie et al., 2019) - [izifiso eziphuculweyo, ukuphuculwa okukhulu kwexesha lokunciphisa (ukuzenzisa), ukuhlala). Amacatshulwa:

Ngenxa yobuninzi bobugcisa, i-intanethi ye-intanethi (i-IP) yinjongo elandelwe ngaphambili yokuziphatha kakubi. Ukwakhiwa kwemiba enxulumene nompembelelo kuye kwachongwa njengabagqugquzeli bokuziphatha kakubi. Kule sifundo, sihlolisise ukuthambekela okungathandabuzekiyo (ukungahambi kakuhle, ukulibaziseka ukuphuculwa, kunye nendlela yokuqonda), ukukhanga kwi-IP, isimo sengqondo malunga ne-IP kunye neendlela zokuxhatshaza kubantu abasebenzisa i-IP ngokuzonwabisa, ngezikhathi ezithile zokuzonwabisa. Amaqela abantu abasebenzisa ukuzonwabisa-ngezikhathi ezithile (n = 333), ukuzonwabisa-ukusetyenziswa rhoqo (n = 394), kunye nokusetyenziswa okungalawulwayo (n = 225) ye-IP yachongwa ngezixhobo zovavanyo.

Abantu abanokusetyenziswa ngokungalawulekiyo babonisa awona manqaku aphezulu okubawela, ukunyanzeliswa kwengqwalaselo, ukulibaziseka kwezaphulelo, kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle, kunye namanqaku asezantsi okujongana nokusebenza kunye nemfuno yokuqonda. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba ezinye iinkalo zokungxamiseka kunye nezinto ezinxulumene nokunqwenela kunye nokuziphatha okungalunganga ngakumbi kubasebenzisi be-IP abangalawulwa. Iziphumo ziyahambelana neemodeli kuhlobo oluthile lokusetyenziswa kwe-Intanethi kunye nokuziphatha okuluthayo ...

Ngapha koko, abantu abangayisebenzisiyo i-IP engalawulwanga babenesimo esibi kwi-IP xa kuthelekiswa nabasebenzisi bezolonwabo. Esi siphumo sinokucebisa ukuba abantu abasebenzisa i-IP engalawulwanga banesizathu esiphezulu okanye babongoze ukusebenzisa i-IP, nangona benokuba benesimo esibi sokusebenzisa i-IP, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba sele befumene iziphumo ezibi ezinxulumene nephethini yabo yokusebenzisa i-IP. Oku kuyahambelana kunye nethiyori yenkuthazo-yokujonga iziyobisi (IBerridge kunye neRobinson, 2016), ephakamisa ukutshintsha ukusuka ekuthandeni ukufuna ngexesha loxhatshazo.

Umphumo obangel 'umdla kukuba ukuba ubungakanani besiphumo seemvavanyo zithuba emva kweeseshoni ngeseshoni, xa kuthelekiswa nabasebenzisi abangabhalwanga ngabasebenzisi bexesha lokuzonwabisa, bekuninzi xa kuthelekiswa nevama ngeveki. Oku kungabonisa ukuba abantu abanokusetyenziswa kwe-IP ngokungagunyazisiyo banenkxalabo yokuyeka ukubukela i-IP ngexesha leseshoni okanye badinga ixesha elide ukufezekisa umvuzo oyifunayo, onokufaniswa nehlobo lokunyamezela kwiimeko zokusebenzisa izidakamizwa. Oku kuyahambelana neziphumo ezivela kuvavanyo lwedayari, oluye lwabonisa ukuba ibhola yezononografi yenye yezona zinto ziphatha ngayo abantu abafuna unyango ngokuziphatha okunyanzelekileyo ngokwesondo (ILizwiecha et al., 2018).

44) Indlela eya kuthatha inyanzelo yabafundi kwiikholeji ezingamadoda angatshatanga abasebenzisa iphonografi (Isibhakabhaka et al., 2019) - [uphuculo lwendlela ekhethiweyo (uvakalelo)]. Izicatshulwa:

Iziphumo zixhasa uluvo lokuba abafundi beekholeji abesilisa nabasetyhini abasebenzisa iphonografi bayakhawuleza ukusondela kunokunqanda inkanuko ngexesha lomsebenzi we-AAT… .. Ezi zinto zifunyanisiweyo zikwangqinelana nemisebenzi eliqela ye-SRC ebonisa ukuba abantu abakhobokileyo babonisa isenzo sokwenza kunokuthintela isimilo esikhobokisayo (UBradley et al., 2004; Intsimi et al., 2006, 2008).

Ngokubanzi, iziphumo zibonisa ukuba indlela yokunyanzela umlutha kunokuba yimpendulo ekhawulezileyo okanye elungiselelwe kunokuthintela, enokuthi ichazwe ngokudibana kolunye ucalucalulo ekuziphatheni okuluthayo .. .. Ngapha koko, amanqaku apheleleyo kwi-BPS adityaniswa kakuhle nendlela Amanqaku okhetho, abonisa ukuba ubukrakra bokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwe-ponografi, kokukhona iqondo lomgaqo lishukunyiswa. Lo mbutho uxhaswe ngakumbi ziziphumo ezibonisa ukuba abantu abaneengxaki zokusebenzisa iphonografi, njengoko kuchaziwe yi-PPUS, babonisa ngaphezulu kwe-200% yokujonga indlela enamandla yokukhuthaza inkanuko xa kuthelekiswa nabantu abangenangxaki yokusebenzisa iphonografi.

Kuthatyathwe ndawonye, ​​iziphumo zibonisa ukufana phakathi kwezilwanyana kunye nezilingo zokuziphatha (UGrant et al., 2010). Ukusetyenziswa koonografi (ngokukodwa ukusetyenziswa kakubi) kwaxhunyelelwa kwiindlela ezikhawulezayo zesishukumiso sokushushumbiswa kwezinto ezingathandabuzekiyo, ukungathandabuzeki kwendlela efanayo neyokuboniswa kwezidakamizwa zokusetyenziswa kotywala (Intsimi et al., 2008; IWiers et al., 2011), ukusebenzisa i-cannabis (UCousijn et al., 2011; Intsimi et al., 2006), kunye neengxaki zokusebenzisa icuba (UBradley et al., 2004). Ukuqhekeka phakathi kweempawu zengqondo kunye neendlela ze-neurobiological ezibandakanyeka kwizidakamizwa zeziyobisi kunye neengxaki zoononophala ezisetyenziswayo kubonakala ngathi, ezihambelanayo nezifundo zangaphambili (UKowalewska et al., 2018; Stark et al., 2018).

45) I-Hypermethylation-ehambelana nokwehliswa kwe-microRNA-4456 kwisifo sehypersexual kunye nefuthe le-signative kwi-oxetocin signaling: Uhlalutyo lwe-methylation ye-DNA yeentlobo zemfuza ze-miRNA (I-Bostrom et al., 2019) - [inkqubo yoxinzelelo olungasebenziyo]. Isifundo kwizifundo ezinesini esingamanyala (isini / isini esikhobokisayo) Iingxelo ze-epigenetic ezibonisa ezo zenzeka kwiziselo ezinxilisayo. Utshintsho lwe-epigenetic lwenzeka kwimfuza enxulunyaniswa nenkqubo ye-oxytocin (ebalulekileyo kuthando, ukubopha, umlutha, uxinzelelo, ukusebenza ngokwesondo, njl. Izicatshulwa:

Kuhlalutyo lomanyano lweDNA methylation kwigazi elisecaleni, sichonga iindawo ezinobuchule zeCpG ezinxulunyaniswa neMIR708 kunye neMIR4456 ezahluke kakhulu kwizigulana kwi-hypersexuality disorder (HD). Ukongeza, sibonisa ukuba i-hsamiR- 4456 edibene ne-methylation locus cg01299774 ngokwahlukileyo kwi-methylated kuxhomekeko kotywala, iphakamisa ukuba ngokuyintloko inokunxulunyaniswa necandelo lomlutha elibonwe kwi-HD.

Ukubandakanyeka kwendlela yokubonisa ye-oxetocin echongiweyo kolu phononongo kubonakala kunempembelelo enkulu kwiimpawu ezininzi ezichaza i-HD njengoko kucetywayo nguKafka et al. [I-1], ezinje ngomnqweno wesondo, ukunyanzelwa, ukungaziphathi kunye (nokwabelana ngesondo).

Ukuqukumbela, i-MIR4456 ine-expression ephantsi kakhulu kwi-HD. Uphononongo lwethu lubonelela ubungqina bokuba i-DNA methylation kwi-cg01299774 locus inxulumene nentetho ye-MIR4456. Le miRNA ibeka ngokujolise kwiintlobo zofuzo ezichazwe ngokukhethekileyo kwizicubu zobuchopho kwaye zibandakanyeka kwiindlela ezinkulu zeemolekyuli zengqondo ezihambelana ne-pathogenesis ye-HD. Iziphumo zethu ezivela kuphando lweenguqu kwi-epigenome zinegalelo ekwandiseni ngakumbi iinkqubo zebhayoloji emva kwe pathophysiology ye-HD kugxininiso olukhethekileyo kwi-MIR4456 kunye nendima yayo kummiselo we-oxytocin.

46) Umba wombala weyantlukwano umehluko kulawulo lwempembelelo kunye nokuphazamiseka okuluthayo (Iidrum et al., 2020) -Ukungazenzisi: ukwehla kwecortex yangaphambili kunye necortex yangaphakathi yegrey). Izicatshulwa:

Apha sithelekisa imixholo yeengwevu (i-GMVs) kumaqela abantu abanesiphene sokuziphatha okunyanzelekileyo ngokwesini (CSBD), isifo sokungcakaza (GD), kunye nesiphene sokusetyenziswa kotywala (AUD) kunye nabo bangenazo ezi zinto ziphazamisayo (abalawuli abanempilo abalawula inxaxheba; ii-HCs).

Abantu abachaphazelekayo (CSBD, GD, AUD) xa kuthelekiswa nabathathi-nxaxheba be-HC babonisa ii-GMVs ezincinci kwisibonda sasekhohlo, ngakumbi kwicortex ye-orbitof. Owona monakalo mkhulu wabonwa kwiqela le-GD kunye ne-AUD, kunye nelona qela kwi-CSBD. Kwakukho unxibelelwano olubi phakathi kwe-GMV kunye nobunzima bokuphazamiseka kwiqela le-CSBD. Ubunzima obuphezulu beempawu ze-CSBD zadityaniswa nokuncipha kwe-GMV kwicala lasekunene le-cingate gyrus..

Olu phononongo lolokuqala ukubonisa ii-GMVs ezincinci kumaqela ezi-3 ezonyango e-CSBD, GD kunye ne-AUD. Iziphumo zethu zibonisa ukufana phakathi kolawulo oluthile lokuthintela ukungalunganga kunye neziyobisi.

I-cortex ye-anterior cortex (ACC) ifakelwe umsebenzi ngokulawulwa kwengqondo, ukuqhubekeka nokukhuthaza ukungavisisani [56], [57], ukulungiswa kwengqikelelo yokulungisa, ukufundwa komvuzo [58], [59] kunye nokusebenza kwakhona kwe-cue [60], [34] . Ngokuphathelele kwi-CSBD, isenzo se-ACC ekuphenduleni isikhombisi esibonakaliswe ngokwesondo sidibene nomnqweno wesini kumadoda ane-CSBD [61]. Amadoda ane-CSBD abonakalise ukuthanda okuphuculweyo kobunewunewu ngokwesini, obunxulumene nendawo yokuhlala ye-ACC [62]. Njenge, Iziphumo zangoku zandisela izifundo zaphambi kokusebenza ngokucebisa ukuba ivolumu ye-ACC inxulumene kakhulu neempawu ze-CSBD emadodeni.

47) Amanqanaba aphezulu ePlasma Oxetocin emadodeni ane-Hypersexual Disorder (UJokinen et al., 2020) [Ukungaphenduli kwempendulo yoxinzelelo] .- Ukusuka kwiqela lophando nelipapashe izifundo ezi-4 zangaphambili ze-neuro-endocrine kwi "hypersexourse" yamadoda (isini / iziyobisi zesini ezingamanyala). Ngenxa yokuba i-oxytocin ibandakanyeka ekuphenduleni koxinzelelo, amanqanaba aphezulu egazi ayetolikwa njengophawu lwenkqubo yoxinzelelo olugqithisileyo kwizidakamizwa zesini. Oku kufunyaniswa kungqamana nezifundo zophando zakudala kunye nophando lwe-neurological oluxela ukuphendula koxinzelelo kwengxaki kubaxhaphazi beziyobisi. Into enomdla kukuba, unyango (i-CBT) linciphise amanqanaba e-oxytocin kwizigulana ezinesifo esosulelayo. Iicaphuno:

Isifo se-Hypersexual (HD) esidibanisa imeko ye-pathophysiological enje ngokulawulwa komnqweno wesini, ukulutha ngokwesondo, ukunyanzeliswa kunye nokunyanzelwa kwacetyiswa njengokuchongwa kweDSM-5. "Ukunyanzelwa kokuziphatha kakubi ngokwesondo" ngoku kuboniswa njengengxaki yokulawulwa kwempembelelo kwi-ICD-11. Izifundo zamva nje zibonise i-axis ye-HPA engalunganga kumadoda ane-HD. I-Oxytocin (OXT) ichaphazela umsebenzi we-HPA axis; Akukho zifundo ziye zavavanya amanqanaba e-OXT kwizigulana ezine-HD. Nokuba unyango lwe-CBT lweempawu ze-HD lunefuthe kumanqanaba e-OXT khange liphandwe.

Sahlola amanqanaba e-plasma OXT kuwo Izigulana ezingama-64 ezine-HD kunye namavolontiya aneminyaka engama-38 ubudala anempilo efanelekileyo. Ngaphaya koko, savavanya unxibelelwano phakathi kwamanqanaba e-plasma ye-OXT kunye neempawu zobukhulu be-HD kusetyenziswa umyinge wokulinganisa i-hypersexual behaviour.

Izigulana ezine-HD zazinamazinga aphezulu e-OXT ngokuthelekiswa namavolontiya asempilweni. Kwakukho unxibelelwano oluqinisekileyo phakathi kwamanqanaba e-OXT kunye nenqanaba lokulinganisa lokulinganisa i-hypersexual behaviour. Izigulana ezigqibe unyango lwe-CBT zazinokuncitshiswa okukhulu kwamanqanaba e-OXT ukusuka kunyango lwangaphambi kokunyangwa. Iziphumo zibonisa inkqubo ye-oxytonergic system kwizigulana ezingamadoda ezinesifo sehipersexual ezinokuba yindlela yokufumana inkqubo yoxinzelelo lwe-hyperactive. Unyango lweqela le-CBT oluphumeleleyo lunokuba nefuthe kwinkqubo ye-oxytonergic system.

48) Ulawulo lwe-Inhibitory kunye nokusetyenziswa kwengxaki ye-Intanethi-ye-iphonografi-Indima ebalulekileyo yokulinganisa kwinsulaAnton kunye neBrand, 2020) - [ukunyamezelana okanye ukuhlala] - Ababhali bathi iziphumo zabo zibonisa ukunyamezelana, uphawu lwenkqubo yokulutha. Izicatshulwa:

Uphononongo lwethu lwangoku kufuneka lubonwe njengeyona ndlela yokuqala yokuvuselela uphando lwexesha elizayo malunga nokuhlangana phakathi kweendlela zengqondo ne-neural zokunqwenela, ukusetyenziswa kwengxaki ye-IP, ukukhuthaza utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha, kunye nolawulo lwe-inhibitory.

Iyahambelana nezifundo zangaphambili (umzekelo, I-Antons kunye neBrand, 2018; Brand, Snagowski, Laier, kunye neMaderwald, 2016; Gola et al., 2017; Laier et al., 2013), wsifumanise unxibelelwano oluphakamileyo phakathi kokunqwenelwa komqolo kunye nophawu lokusetyenziswa kwengxaki ye-IP kwezi meko zombini. Nangona kunjalo, ukwanda kokunqwenela njengenyathelo lokuphinda wenze umsebenzi kwakhona akubangathathanga neempawu zokusetyenziswa kweengxaki ze-IP, oku kunokuhambelana nokunyamezelana (cf. IWery kunye neBillieux, 2017) unikezwe ukuba imifanekiso engamanyala isetyenziswe kolu phononongo ibingaqwalaselwanga ngokwemigqaliselo yokhetho olusebenzayo. Ke ngoko, izinto ezingamanyala ezibonakalayo ezisetyenzisiweyo zisenokungabi namandla ngokwaneleyo okuphembelela ukuphinda-phinda ukwenzeka kwabantu abaneempawu ezibuthathaka kakhulu ezinxulunyaniswa neziphumo ezisezantsi kwisimo esingxamisekileyo, sokubonakalisa, kunye neenkqubo zokunxibelelana kunye nokukwazi ukulawula into.

Iziphumo zokunyamezelana kunye nezinto ezixhasayo zinokuchaza ukusebenza okungcono kolawulo lokuzibamba kubantu abaneempawu eziphezulu zokungqinelani ezazinxulumene nomsebenzi owahlukileyo wenkqubo yokuqonda kunye nokubonisa. Ukulawulwa okunqunyanyisiweyo ekusebenziseni i-IP kunokwenzeka iziphumo zentsebenzo ephakathi kwenkqubo yokuphembelela, yokubonisa, kunye neenkqubo zokunxibelelana.

Ukuthathwa kunye, i-insula njengeyona nto iphambili emele inkqubo yecococeptor idlala indima ephambili kulawulo lwe-inhibitory xa imifanekiso engamanyala ibikhona. Idatha yacebisa ukuba abantu abanophawu oluphambili lokusetyenziswa kobunzima be-IP basebenze ngcono emsebenzini ngenxa yokuncipha komsebenzi wokufaka ngexesha lokucwangciswa kwemifanekiso kunye nomsebenzi owandisiweyo ngexesha lokulungiswa kokuthintela. TIndlela yakhe yokusebenza inokuthi isekwe kwiziphumo zonyamezelo, oko kukuthi, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwenkqubo engxamisekileyo kubangela ulawulo oluncinci lwenkqubo yokuqonda kunye nokubonakalisa.

Ke ngoko, utshintsho olusuka ekunyanzeliseni ukuya ekuziphatheni okunyanzelekileyo ngenxa yesiphumo sokuphuhliswa kokusetyenziswa kwengxaki ye-IP okanye into ekhuthazayo (enxulumene nokuthintelwa) kunokuba kufanelekile, ukuze yonke imithombo yolwazi igxile emsebenzini kwaye kude nemifanekiso engamanyala. Uphononongo lunegalelo ekuqondeni okungcono kokuphungulwa kolawulo lokusetyenziswa kwe-IP okuqinisekileyo ukuba akubangelwa kuphela kukungalingani phakathi kweenkqubo ezimbini kodwa nokusebenzisana phakathi kweenkqubo ezingena mva, ezibonakalayo, kunye neenkqubo zokunxibelelana.

49) I-testosterone eqhelekileyo kodwa amaNqanaba ePlasma aphakamileyo eHormone kuMadoda aneHypersexual Disorder (2020) - [ingabonisa impendulo yoxinzelelo olungasebenziyo] - Ukusuka kwiqela lophando elapapasha izifundo ezi-5 zangaphambili ze-neuro-endocrine kwizifundo zesini "zesini / isini / iziyobisi ezingamanyala), zityhila iinkqubo eziguqukayo zoxinzelelo, uphawu oluphambili lweziyobisi (1, 2, 3, 4, 5.). Iicaphuno:

Kolu phando, safumanisa ukuba izigulana ezingamadoda ezine-HD zazingenanto umahluko obonakalayo kumanqanaba e-testosterone e-plasma xa kuthelekiswa namavolontiya asempilweni. Ngokuchasene noko, babenamanqanaba aphezulu eplasma e-LH.

I-HD ibandakanya kwinkcazo yayo ukuba indlela yokuziphatha inokuba sisiphumo sedysphoric state kunye noxinzelelo,¹ kwaye ngaphambili sasixela uxinzelelo ngoxinzelelo lwe-HPA axis¹³ kunye neenguqu ezihambelana ne-epigenetic yamadoda ane-HD.

Kukho ukuhlangana okuntsonkothileyo phakathi kwe-HPA kunye ne-HPG axis, zombini okuchulumancisayo kunye ne-inhibitory kunye nomehluko ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lokukhula kwengqondo.²⁷ Iziganeko zoxinzelelo ngeziphumo zentsimbi ye-HPA inokubangela ukuthintelwa koxinzelelo lwe-LH kwaye ngenxa yoko kukuzala kwakhona.²⁷ Iinkqubo ezi-2 zinonxibelelwano oluphindaphindeneyo, kwaye uxinzelelo lwakwangoko lunokutshintsha iimpendulo ze-neuroendocrine ngohlengahlengiso lwe-epigenetic.

Iindlela ezicetywayo zinokubandakanya ukusebenzisana kwe-HPA kunye ne-HPG, uthungelwano lwe-neural yomvuzo, okanye ukuthintelwa kommiselo wokuphatha ulawulo lwemimandla yecortex yangaphambili.³² Ukuqukumbela, sinika ingxelo okokuqala kwenyusa amanqanaba e-plasma e-LH kumadoda anehypersexual xa kuthelekiswa namavolontiya asempilweni. Iziphumo ezifunyenweyo zinegalelo ekukhuleni koncwadi ngokuzibandakanya kweenkqubo ze-neuroendocrine kunye noxinzelelo kwi-HD.

50) Icebo lokuzikhuthaza kubafundi beekholeji ezingafaniyo nabasetyhini abasebenzisa iphonografi (2020) [iimvakalelo kunye ukungafuneki] - uNI-euro-psychology kubasebenzisi be-porn yabasetyhini inika ingxelo ngeziphumo zesipili ezibonwa kwizifundo zokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi. Inkqubo yokuthanda ukuthanda iphonografi (imvakalelo) kunye ne-anhedonia. Uphononongo lwakwathi: “sikwafumene umlinganiso obonakalayo obonakalayo phakathi kwenqaku le-erotic biasia kunye namanqaku kwi-SHAPS, echaza i-anhedonia. Oku kubonisa ukuba le ndlela yokusondela kukhuthazo olungendawo, lolona lonwabo luzalelweyo". Ukubeka ngokulula, uphawu lwe-neuropsychological lwenkqubo yokulutha idibene nokungabikho kolonwabo (i-anhedonia). Iicaphuno:

Inkqubo yokuthanda ukuthanda izinto, okanye isenzo esizenzekelayo sokufuna ukushenxisa umzimba endaweni yokuya kude kuye, yinkqubo yokuqonda ebandakanyekayo kwinkqubo yengqondo yokuzibandakanya ebandakanyeka ekuziphatheni okuchasene noko. Iimodeli ezimbini ezisebenzayo zokuguqula iziyobisi ziziphatha kakubi ngokuthi ziphathise ukungalingani phakathi kokutya, "okungafunekiyo"
iinkqubo zokuqhuba kunye nolawulo lwenkqubo yolawulo. Ukuzibandakanya okuphindaphindiweyo kwiimpawu zokuziphatha kunokukhokelela kwizenzo zokuzenzekelayo ezinokuthi ngokuzenzekelayo abantu basondele kunokuba baphephe ukukhuthazeka. Olu phononongo luvavanye ukuba ingaba indlela ethile ethatha inyani yokuvuselela inkanuko yesini ikhona phakathi kwabasetyhini abaneminyaka yobudala beekholeji abathi banike ingxelo ngemifanekiso engamanyala.

Abathathi-nxaxheba babonakalise indlela ebonakalayo ethe ngqo ye-24.81 ms yesikhuthazo esingafaniyo xa kuthelekiswa nokukhuthaza ukungathathi hlangothi, kunyeIndlela yakhe ithathe inyala ngokuhambelana neProblem yePrografi yeNgcinga Sebenzisa amanqaku. Ezi zinto zifunyanisiweyo ziyahambelana kwaye zandula iziphumo zangaphambili zenza ingxelo ngendlela yokuvuselela umdla kumadoda ahlala esebenzisa iphonografi (Sklenarik et al., 2019; Stark et al., 2017).

Ngaphezu koko, Amanqaku okhetho lokujonga izinto ayedityaniswa kakuhle ne-anhedonia ebonisa ukuba inqanaba lendlela yokuqina ye-erotic, i-anhedonia ethe yaqwalaselwa.... ..Oku kubonisa ukuba le ndlela yokusondela kukhuthazo olungendawo, lolona lonwabo luzalelweyo.

51) Imikhwa yesini itshintsha ukusebenza kwememori yokusebenza kunye nokusebenza kwengqondo kumadoda aneempawu zokuziphatha zesondo ezinyanzelekileyo (2020) - [ubuntununtunu nokusebenza kolawulo oluhlwempuzekileyo] - Amacatshulwa:

Kwinqanaba lokuziphatha, abaguli bancitshiswa yimifanekiso engamanyala ngokuxhomekeke ekusebenziseni kwabo iphonografi kwiveki ephelileyo, ebonakaliswa kukusebenza okuphezulu kwi-lingual gyrus. Ukongeza, i-gilus yolwimi ibonakalisa ukuhlangana okunamandla okusebenza kunye ne-insula ngexesha lokuqhubekeka nokukhuthaza amanyala kwiqela lesigulana. Ngokwahlukileyo, izifundo ezisempilweni zabonisa iimpendulo ezikhawulezayo xa ujongene nemifanekiso engamanyala kuphela onomthwalo omkhulu wengqondo. Kwakhona, abaguli babonisa inkumbulo engcono yemifanekiso engamanyala kwimisebenzi yokuqaphela eyothusayo xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo, ukuthetha ngokubaluleka okuphezulu kwezinto ezingamanyala kwiqela lezigulana. TIziphumo zentsingiselo yakhe zihambelana kunye nethiyori yenkuthazo yokwenzakaliswa, ngakumbi ukusebenza okuphezulu kunxibelelwano lwe-salience kunye ne-insula njengendawo ephambili kunye nomsebenzi ophezulu we-lingual ngexesha lokuphatha iifoto zephonografi ngokuxhomekeke ekusebenziseni imifanekiso engamanyala.

…. Oku kunokutolikwa ngendlela yokuba izinto ezingamanyala (mhlawumbi ngenxa yeenkqubo zokufunda) ukubaluleka okuphezulu kwizigulana kwaye ngaloo ndlela kusebenze ubuqili (insula) kunye nenethiwekhi yokujonga (iphantsi kwepali), ethi ikhokelele ekuphenduleni kancinci kancinci njengeyona nto ibalulekileyo ulwazi aluhambelani nomsebenzi. Ngokusekwe kwezi zinto zifunyanisiweyo, umntu unokugqiba kwelokuba, ngezifundo ezibonisa i-CSB, izinto ezingamanyala ezibonakalayo zinefuthe eliphazamisayo eliphezulu kwaye ngenxa yoko i-salience ephezulu. Emva koko, idatha ixhasa i-IST yokulutha kwi-CSB.

52) Ixabiso elifanelekileyo lomvuzo wesini obonakalayo ubhalwe kwi-striatum yomntu kunye ne-orbitofrontal cortex (2020) - [iimvakalelo] - Amacatshulwa:

Isifundo esiphakamileyo silinganise iklip yeVSS kwinto evuselela inkanuko yesini okanye ubugqwirha, umsebenzi ophezulu esiwufumene kwi-NAcc, kwi-caudate nucleus nakwi-OFC ngexesha lokujonga kweVSS Ukongeza, tubudlelwane phakathi komlinganiso womntu ngamnye wesini kunye ne-NAcc kunye nomsebenzi we-caudate ye-nucleus yomelele xa izifundo zazichaza ngakumbi iingxaki zokusebenzisa iphonografi (PPU) ngokomlinganiselo we-s-IATsex

Lo mahluko ngokwahlukeneyo ekukhetheni ikhowudi unokumisela indlela elawula ukusetyenziswa kwe-VSS okwenziwe ngabom ngabantu abathile. Asifumananga kuphela ubudlelwane be-NAcc kunye nomsebenzi we-caudate kunye nokulinganisa okumanyayo ngokwesondo ngexesha lokujonga i-VSS kodwa amandla alo mbutho makhulu xa isifundo sasixela ukuba nengxaki yokusebenzisa iphonografi (PPU). Isiphumo sixhasa i-hypothesis, ukuba iimpendulo zexabiso lokukhuthaza kwi-NAcc kunye ne-caudate zahlula ngakumbi phakathi kwenkcubeko ekhethwayo eyahlukileyo, kokukhona amava esifundo ePPU. Oku kwandisa izifundo ezidlulileyo, apho i-PPU idibene nokuphendula okuphezulu kwi-VSS ngokuthelekiswa nemeko yolawulo okanye engakhethwanga [29,38]. Isifundo esinye, sisebenzisa umsebenzi we-SID, safumana umsebenzi owandisiweyo we-NAcc onxulumene nokwanda kwe-PPU ngexesha lesigaba sokulindeleka kuphela [41]. Iziphumo zethu zibonisa ukuba isiphumo esifanayo, okt ukutshintsha indlela yokusebenza kwesisisi esihambelana ne-PPU, sinokufumaneka kwakhona kwinqanaba lokuhanjiswa, kodwa kuphela xa kukhethwe umntu ngamnye. Umahluko okhulayo wokwahlula amaxabiso ezinkuthazo kwi-NAcc inokubonakalisa isidingo esandayo sokufuna nokuchonga i-VSS ethandwayo ngexesha lophuhliso lomlutha.

Njengokuba ezi ziphumo zinokuthi ziphindaphindwe, zinokuba neempembelelo ezibalulekileyo zekliniki. Ukwahluka okonyukayo kweempawu zokukhuthaza ixabiso elinokunxulunyaniswa nokunyuka kwexesha elichithwe ukukhangela izinto ezikhuthaza kakhulu, ezikhokelela kamva kwimicimbi kubomi bomntu okanye obobuchwephesha kunye nokubandezeleka ngenxa yale ndlela yokuziphatha.

53) I-Neuroscience yoNxibelelwano lwezeMpilo: Uhlalutyo lwe-fNIRS lweCortex yangaphambili yeCortex kunye nokuSetyenziswa koTyhila kwabaTyhini abaselula kuPhuhliso lweeNkqubo zeMpilo (2020) - Amacatshulwa:

Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba ukujonga iklip ye-ponografi (vs. iklip yokulawula) kubangela ukwenziwa kwendawo ka-Brodmann 45 ye-hemisphere yasekunene. Iziphumo zikwavela phakathi kwenqanaba lokuzichaza ngokwakho kunye nokusebenza kwe-BA 45 elungileyo: inqanaba eliphezulu lokuzichaza ngokwakho, kokukhona kusebenze ngakumbi. Kwelinye icala, abo bathathi-nxaxheba abangazange batye izinto ezingamanyala ababonisi msebenzi we-BA 45 olungileyo xa kuthelekiswa neklip yolawulo (ebonisa umahluko wokulunga phakathi kwabangengabo abathengi kunye nabathengi). Ezi ziphumo ziyahambelana nolunye uphando olwenziwe kwicandelo leziyobisi. Kucingelwa ukuba inkqubo yesipili ye-neuron inokuthi ibandakanyeke, kusetyenziswa indlela yovelwano, enokubangela inkanuko yesini.

54) Iziganeko ezinxulumene nomsitho kukhetho olukhethiweyo lwe-oddball yokungaziphathi kakuhle kwendlela yokuziphatha phakathi kwamadoda atyekele ekuluthweni yi-cybersex (2020) - Amacatshulwa:

Ukulawulwa kokuziphatha okungalawulekiyo (BIC) kuyaziwa ukuba kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuziphatheni okuluthayo. Nangona kunjalo, uphando aluhambelani malunga nokuba ngaba kunjalo kwimeko yokulutha kwe-cybersex. Olu phononongo lujolise ekuphandeni ikhosi yexesha le-BIC kubantu abangamadoda abanotyekelo lokulutha i-cybersex (TCA) besebenzisa amandla ezinxulumene nomsitho (i-ERPs) kunye nokubonelela ngobungqina be-neurophysiological yokusilela kwabo kwe-BIC.

Abantu abane-TCA babenomdla ngakumbi kunabathathi-nxaxheba be-HC kwaye babelana ngeempawu ze-neuropsychological kunye ne-ERP yokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi okanye isimilo sokuziphatha, esixhasa umbono wokuba umlutha we-cybersex unokuchazwa njengesiyobisi.

Ngokwethiyori, Iziphumo zethu zibonisa ukuba umlutha we-cybersex ufana nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi kunye nolawulo lokuphazamiseka kwimeko yokunyanzelwa kwinqanaba le-electrophysiological kunye nokuziphatha. Iziphumo zethu zinokubangela impikiswano eqhubekayo malunga nokuba nakho ukuba likhoboka lesini se-cyber njengohlobo lwenoveli yesifo sengqondo.

55) Imicimbi emhlophe yolwakhiwo kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwesifo sokuziphatha ngokwesondo -BIsifundo sokuvavanywa kwemvula ngokuthelekisa ubume bemicimbi emhlophe ye-porn / yesini (i-CSBD) kulawulo. Umahluko obalulekileyo phakathi kolawulo kunye nezifundo ze-CSB. Izicatshulwa:

Olu lolunye lwezifundo zokuqala ze-DTI zokuvavanya umohluko phakathi kwabaguli abane-Compulsive Sexual Behaviors Disorder kunye nolawulo olusempilweni. Uhlalutyo lwethu lubonakalisile ukunciphisa kwe-FA kwimimandla emithandathu yobuchopho kwizifundo ze-CSBD, xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo. Amaphecana okwahlulahlula afunyanwa kwi-cerebellum (kunokwenzeka ukuba zazikhona iinxalenye zephecana elifanayo kwi-cerebellum), icandelo le-retrolenticular le-capsule yangaphakathi, i-corona radiata ephezulu kunye nomba ophakathi okanye osecaleni we-gipus emhlophe.

Idatha yethu ye-DTI ibonisa ukuba ulungelelwaniso lwe-neural lwe-CSBD kunye nemimandla exeliwe ngaphambili kuncwadi njengoko inxulumene zombini, ukuba likhoboka kunye ne-OCD (jonga indawo ebomvu Ikhiwane. 3). Ke ngoko, isifundo esikhoyo sibonisa ukufana okubalulekileyo kunciphiso ekwabelwana ngalo phakathi kwe-CSBD kunye ne-OCD kunye neziyobisi.

56) Ukulibaziseka kwenkuthazo kwezesondo kwiskena: Isondo kunye nokulungiswa komvuzo, kunye nokunxibelelana nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwe-porn kunye nokukhuthaza ngokwesondo -Iziphumo azingqinelani nemodeli yoxinzelelo (i-cue-reactivity).

58) I-Aberrant orbitofrontal cortex reactivity kwii-erotic cues in Compulsive Behaeve Disorder (2021)- [uvakalelo-ngakumbi ukubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo kwi-ventral striatum kunye ne-anterior orbitofrontal cortex kwizilwanyana ezingamanyala xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo olusempilweni] Amacatshulwa:

Ipateni esebenzayo ebonwa kwizifundo ze-CSBD ezibandakanya ii-cortices ze-parietal eziphezulu, i-supramarginal gyrus, pre and postcentral gyrus, kunye ne-basal ganglia inokuba ngumqondiso wokuqina (xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo olusempilweni) ingqalelo, somatosensory, kunye nokulungiselela iimoto kwindlela yokufumana umvuzo kunye nokupheliswa (ukufuna) kwi-CSBD ekhutshwe yimikhombandlela yokuqikelela (ILocke kunye neBraver, 2008; IHirose, uNambu, kunye neNaito, 2018). Oku kuhambelana ne-Incentive Sensitization theory of addiction (URobinson kunye neBerridge, ngo-2008) kunye nedatha esele ikho ekusebenzeni kwakhona kwindlela yokuziphatha (XNUMX)IGola kunye neDraps, 2018; IGola, uLizwiecha, et al., 2017; IKwawalewska et al., 2018; Kraus et al., 2016b; Potenza et al., 2017; Stark, Klucken, Potenza, Brand, kunye neStrahler, 2018; Voon et al., 2014) ....

Okona kubaluleke kakhulu, kunye neziphumo zohlalutyo lwe-ROI, lo msebenzi wandisa iziphumo ezazishicilelwe ngaphambili (IGola, uLizwiecha, et al., 2017) ngokubonisa oko le Impendulo ephezulu yesekethe yomvuzo kwimikhwa yomvuzo o-erotic kwi-CSBD ayenzeki kuphela kwi-ventral striatum kwisigaba sokulindelwa komvuzo kodwa nakwi-anterior orbitofrontal cortex (aOFC). Ukongeza, umsebenzi kulo mmandla nawo ubonakala uxhomekeke kulindelo lomvuzo. Utshintsho lwe-BOLD lotshintsho lwaluphezulu kubantu be-CSBD kunakulawulo olusempilweni, ngakumbi kumaxabiso asezantsi, anokubonisa ukuba amathuba asezantsi okufumana umvuzo okhuthazayo awanciphisi isimilo esigwenxa esibangelwa bubukho beempawu zembuyekezo.

Ngokusekwe kwidatha yethu, kunokucetyiswa ukuba I-aOFC idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulamleni amandla athile eentlobo ezithile zomvuzo ukukhuthaza indlela yokuziphatha efuna umvuzo kubathathi-nxaxheba be-CSBD. Ngapha koko, indima ye-OFC inyanzelisiwe kwiimodeli zenzululwazi yokuziphatha okuluthayo.

59) Ubungqina be-Electrophysiological bokuphuculwa kokuthathela ingqalelo kwangethuba kwimifanekiso yezesondo kubantu abathambekele kumlutha we-cybersex (2021) [ukwazisa/ukubonisa ukuphinda kusebenze kunye nokuziqhelanisa nokungakhathali] Uphononongo luvavanyiwe ukuziphatha kwabantu abasebenzisa iphonografi (amaxesha okuphendula) kunye neempendulo zobuchopho (EEG) kwimifanekiso engamanyala nengathathi hlangothi. Ngokuhambelana noMechelmans et al. (2014) ngasentla, olu phononongo lufumanise ukuba amakhoboka ephonografi angaphezulu ekuqaleni ukuthambekela ingqalelo kwiimpembelelo zesini. Yintoni entsha olu phononongo lufumene ubungqina be-neurophysiological boku ekuqaleni ukuthambekela kokuthathela ingqalelo kwiimpawu ezinxulumene nokulutha. Izicatshulwa:

Ithiyori yokukhuthaza i-incentive sensitization isetyenziselwe ukuchaza ukuthambekela kokuthathela ingqalelo kwizinto ezinxulumene nokulutha kubantu abaneengxaki ezithile zokulutha.Intsimi & Cox, 2008; URobinson kunye neBerridge, ngo-1993). Le ithiyori iphakamisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi okuphindaphindiweyo kwandisa impendulo ye-dopaminergic, iyenze ibe novakalelo ngakumbi kwaye ikhuthaze. Oku kubangela indlela yokuziphatha kwabantu abakhobokileyo ngenxa yokufuna ukuva amava afunwayo ekuphenduleni iimpawu ezinxulumene nokulutha (URobinson kunye neBerridge, ngo-1993). Emva kokuphindaphinda amava ovuselelo olunikiweyo, iimpawu eziyeleleneyo ziye zibonakale kwaye zibe nomtsalane, ngaloo ndlela zifuna ingqalelo. Iziphumo zolu phononongo zibonise ukuba [amakhoboka e-porn] eneneni abonise ukuphazamiseka okunamandla kumbala ogwebayo wemifanekiso ecacileyo ngokwesondo ngokumalunga nokungathathi hlangothi. Obu bungqina buyafana neziphumo ezichazwe malunga neziyobisi (Asmaro et al., 2014; UDella Libera et al., 2019) kunye nokuziphatha okungahambelani neziyobisi, kubandakanya nokuziphatha ngokwesondo (UPekal et al., 2018; Sklenarik, Potenza, Gola, Kor, Kraus, & Astur, 2019; I-Wegmann kunye neBrand, 2020).

Isiphumo sethu senoveli sesokuba abantu [abanomlutha we-porn] babonise ukumodareyitha kwangaphambili kwe-P200 ngokunxulumene nokungathathi hlangothi ekuphenduleni ukuvuselela ngokwesondo. Esi siphumo siyahambelana neso Mechelmans okqhubekayo. (2014), ochaze abathathi-nxaxheba ngokuziphatha okunyanzelekileyo kwezesondo ebonisa ukuthambekela okungaphezulu kokuthathela ingqalelo ngokwesondo kunokungathabathi cala, ngakumbi ngexesha le-latency yokuqala ye-latency (okt, impendulo yokuqala yokuhoya). I-P200 inxulunyaniswa nokucutshungulwa okusezantsi kwe-stimuli (Crowley & Colrain, 2004). Ke ngoko, iziphumo zethu ze-P200 zibonisa ukuba umahluko phakathi kwento yokwenza ngokwesondo kunye nokungathathi hlangothi inokucalulwa ngabantu abane [umlutha we-porn] kumanqanaba okuqala okuqwalaselwa ngexesha lokuqhutywa kwenqanaba elisezantsi lokuvuselela. Uphuculo lwe-P200 amplitudes kwi-stimuli yesondo kwiqela [lomlutha we-porn] libonakalisa njengokuzibandakanya kwangethuba lokuthathela ingqalelo ngenxa yokuba ukuqina kwezi zivuseleli kuyanda. Olunye uphando lwe-ERP yokulutha luveze iziphumo ezifanayo, ezizezi, ucalucalulo kwiimpawu ezinxulumene nokulutha luqala kumanqanaba okuqala okwenziwa kovuselelo (umz., I-Nijs et al., 2010; Versace, Minnix, Robinson, Lam, Brown, & Cinciripini, 2011; Yang, Zhang, & Zhao, 2015).

Ngexesha elizayo, elilawulwa ngakumbi kunye nenqanaba lokuqaphela ngakumbi, olu phononongo lufumene i-LPP amplitude esezantsi kwiziyobisi ezingamanyala (iqela le-TCA ephezulu). Abaphandi bacebisa ukuhlala / ukungazinzi njengengcaciso enokwenzeka yesi siphumo. Ukusuka kwingxoxo:

Oku kunokuchazwa ngeendlela ezininzi. Okokuqala, abakhotyoki be-cybersex banokufumana indawo yokuhlala kwimifanekiso emileyo. Ngokuxhaphaka komxholo wephonografi kwi-Intanethi, abasebenzisi abaqhelekileyo bephonografi kwi-Intanethi banokubukela iimuvi ezingcolileyo kunye neevidiyo ezimfutshane kunemifanekiso. Ngenxa yokuba iividiyo zoonografi zivelisa inkanuko ephezulu yomzimba kunye neyengqondo kunemifanekiso ecacileyo ngokwesondo, imifanekiso engatshintshiyo ikhokelela ekuphenduleni okuncinci ngokwesondo. (Zombini, Spiering, Everaerd, & Laan, 2004). Okwesibini, ukuvuselela okunamandla kunokubangela utshintsho olubalulekileyo lwe-neuroplastic (IKühn kunye neGallinat, ngo-2014). Ngokukodwa, ukujonga rhoqo izinto ezingamanyala kunciphisa umthamo wegreyi kwi-dorsal striatum, ummandla onxulumene nokuvuswa ngokwesondo. (Arnow et al., 2002).

60) Utshintsho kwi-oxytocin kunye ne-vasopressin kumadoda anengxaki yokusetyenziswa koonografi: Indima yovelwano. [impendulo yoxinzelelo olungasebenziyo] Izicatshulwa:

Iziphumo zibonisa utshintsho oluninzi ekusebenzeni kwe-neuropeptide kwi-PPU kwaye ubonise amakhonkco abo ekunciphiseni uvelwano kunye neempawu ezinzima zengqondo. Ngaphaya koko, iziphumo zethu zibonisa ubudlelwane obuthile phakathi kweempawu zengqondo, i-AVP, i-oxytocin, uvelwano kunye ne-hypersexuality enxulumene namanyala, kunye nokuqonda obu budlelwane bunokunceda ukukhokela ungenelelo lwezonyango….

Nangona preclinical izifundo zibonisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo utshintsho kwi-oxytocin kunye nokusebenza kwe-AVP kwiimodeli zezilwanyana zokulutha, akukho sifundo sangaphambili somntu siye savavanya ukubandakanyeka kwabo ngokubambisana kubantu abanePPU. Iziphumo zangoku zibonisa utshintsho kwi-oxytocin kunye ne-AVP kumadoda ane-PPU njengoko kubonakaliswe kumanqanaba asisiseko, iipateni zokuphinda zisebenze, ibhalansi ye-neuropeptide, kunye namakhonkco kunye ne-hypersexuality enxulumene noonografi..

61) Ulungelelwaniso lwe-Neural kunye nokuziphatha kolindelo lokuvuselela ngokwesondo lukhomba kwiindlela zokulutha-ezifana nokuphazamiseka kokuziphatha ngokwesondo okunyanzelekileyo (2022) [uvakaliso] Olu phononongo lwe-fMRI lufumanise ukuba iphonografi/iziyobisi zesini (izigulana ze-CSBD) zinesimilo esingaqhelekanga kunye nomsebenzi wobuchopho ngexesha. lindele yokubukela iphonografi, ngakumbi kwi-ventral striatum. Ngapha koko, uphononongo lukwafumene amakhoboka e-porn/abelana ngesondo "ndifuna" i-porn ngakumbi, kodwa ayizange "nje" ngayo ngaphezu kolawulo olusempilweni. Izicatshulwa:

Okubalulekileyo, lo mahluko wokuziphatha ucebisa ukuba iinkqubo ezibandakanya ulindelo lwe-erotic kunye ne-non-erotic stimuli zinokutshintshwa kwi-CSBD kwaye zixhase umbono wokuba umvuzo weendlela ezinxulumene nolindelo olufana nezo zokuphazamiseka kokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kunye nokuziphatha kakubi kunokudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwi-CSBD. , njengoko bekucetyisiwe ngaphambili (Chatzittofis et al., 2016; UGola et al., 2018; Jokinen et al., 2017; UKowalewska et al., 2018; UMechelmans et al., 2014; Ipolitiki et al., 2013; Schmidt okqhubekayo., 2017; Sinke et al., 2020; IVoon et al., 2014). Oku kwaxhaswa nangakumbi kukuba asizange siwubone umahluko kweminye imisebenzi yokuqonda ukulinganisa umngcipheko kunye nolawulo lwempembelelo, ukuchasa uluvo lokuba iindlela ezinxulumene nokunyanzeliswa ngokubanzi ziyadlala (UNorman et al., ngo-2019; Mar, iiDolophu, Pechlivanoglou, Arnold, & Schachar, 2022). Okubangela umdla, indlela yokuziphatha ye-ΔRT ihambelana kakubi kunye neempawu zokwabelana ngesondo kunye nokunyanzeliswa ngokwesondo, ebonisa ukuba utshintsho olunxulumene nokuziphatha olulindelekileyo luyanda kunye nobunzima beempawu ze-CSBD….

Iziphumo zethu zibonisa ukuba i-CSBD inxulunyaniswa nokuziphatha okutshintshileyo kokulindela, okuhambelana ngakumbi nomsebenzi we-VS ngexesha lolindelo lwe-erotic stimuli. Iziphumo zixhasa uluvo lokuba iindlela ezifana neziyobisi kunye neziyobisi zokuziphatha zidlala indima kwi-CSBD kwaye zicebisa ukuba ulwahlulo lwe-CSBD njengengxaki yolawulo lokuchaphazeleka lunokuphikiswa ngokwesiseko seziphumo ze-neurobiological.

62) UQhagamshelwano oluSebenzayo kwiSinyanzelo sokuziphatha ngokwesondo okunyanzelekileyo-uPhononongo oluCwangcisiweyo loLuncwadi kunye noFundo malunga naMadoda aBeeSexual (2022) [ukwazisa]

Sifumene i-fc eyandisiweyo phakathi kwe-gyrus yangaphambili engaphantsi kwe-gyrus kunye ne-right planum temporale kunye ne-polare, i-insula yasekunene nesobunxele, i-Cortex ye-Motor Cortex yasekunene (SMA), i-parietal operculum yasekunene, kunye naphakathi kwe-gyrus ye-supramarginal yasekhohlo kunye ne-planum polare yasekunene, naphakathi kwe-cortex ye-orbitofrontal yasekhohlo kunye ekhohlo insula xa kuthelekiswa CSBD kunye HC. Ukuncipha kwe-fc kubonwe phakathi kwe-gyrus yethutyana ephakathi esekhohlo kunye ne-insula yamazwe amabini kunye ne-parietal operculum yasekunene.

Uphononongo yayiluphononongo lwesampulu yokuqala enkulu ebonisa i-5 uthungelwano olusebenzayo lobuchopho olwahlula izigulana ze-CSBD kunye ne-HC.

Uthungelwano oluchongiweyo lwengqondo olusebenzayo lwahlula i-CSBD kwi-HC kwaye lubonelela ngenkxaso yenkuthazo njengesixhobo esisisiseko seempawu ze-CSBD.

63) Umahluko wengqondo ehambelana nokunyanzeliswa kokuziphatha ngokwesondo (2023)

I-CSBD inxulunyaniswa nokumahluko okwakhiwa kwengqondo, okufaka isandla ekuqondeni ngcono i-CSBD kwaye ikhuthaza ukucaciswa ngakumbi kweendlela ze-neurobiological eziphantsi kokuphazamiseka.

Iimpawu ze-CSBD zazinzima kakhulu kubantu ababonisa ukuhluka okuchazwe ngakumbi kwe-cortical.

Iziphumo ezivela kwizifundo zangaphambili kunye nophononongo lwangoku zihambelana nombono wokuba i-CSBD inxulunyaniswa nokuguqulwa kwengqondo kwiindawo ezibandakanyekayo ekuvuseleleni, ukuhlala, ukulawula impembelelo, kunye nokulungiswa komvuzo.

Iziphumo zethu zibonisa ukuba i-CSBD inxulunyaniswa nokwahlukana kwengqondo. Olu pho nonongo lubonelela ngeembono ezixabisekileyo kwinkalo engaxilwanga yokubaluleka kweklinikhi kwaye ikhuthaza ukucaciswa ngakumbi kweendlela ze-neurobiological eziphantsi kwe-CSBD, eyona nto iyimfuneko yokuphucula iziphumo zonyango zexesha elizayo. Iziphumo zinokuthi zibe negalelo kwingxoxo eqhubekayo malunga nokuba ulwahlulo lwangoku lwe-CSBD njengengxaki yokulawula impembelelo isengqiqweni.

Ngokudibeneyo ezi zifundo ze-neurological zixeliwe:

1. Ubungqina obubi obuphathelene noxilongo lwe-3: ku khuthazwa, ukungafuneki, yaye ukungazenzisi.
2. Ukusetyenziswa koonobumba obuninzi kunxulumene nombono ongaphantsi kwinqanaba le-circuit (dorsal striatum).
3. Ukusetyenziswa kobugqwetha obuninzi kunxulumene nomsebenzi ongaphantsi komvuzo weesekethe xa ubukela ngokufutshane imifanekiso yesondo.
4. Kwaye ukusetyenziswa okungaphezulu kwe-porn kudityaniswe nokunxibelelana okuphazamisekileyo kwe-neural phakathi kwesekethe yomvuzo kunye ne-preortal cortex.
5. Izilwanyana zazinomsebenzi omkhulu kwizinto zesondo, kodwa ubuncinci besenzo sombono oqhelekileyo (ukuxhathisa umlutha weziyobisi).
6. I-Porn usetyenziso / ukuchasana noononophelo oluhambelanayo nokuphuculwa kokuncishiswa kokulibaziseka (ukungakwazi ukulibazisa ukuthotywa). Oku kuwuphawu lolawulo oluphambeneyo.
7. I-60% yezifundo ezinyanzelekileyo zoononophala kwisifundo esinye sinamava e-ED okanye asezantsi e-libido kunye namaqabane, kodwa hayi ngoononophala: bonke bathi ukusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi kubangele i-ED / libido ephantsi.
8. Ukunyanzeliswa kwengqalelo xa kuthelekiswa nabasebenzisi beziyobisi. Ibonisa ukukhuthaza (umveliso we DeltaFosb).
9. Ukufuna kakhulu kunye nokunqwenela iphonografi, kodwa hayi ukuthanda kakhulu. Oku kungqinelana nemodeli eyamkelweyo yokulutha- ukukhuthaza ukukhuthaza.
10. Iidemon eziluthayo zinokukhetha ngokukhethekileyo kwinto yokwabelana ngesondo kodwa ubuchopho babo buqhelekile ngokukhawuleza kwimifanekiso yesondo. Ayikho ngaphambili.
11. Abancinci abasebenzisi boononophelo baxhomekeke ngakumbi kwi-reactivity kwi-center centre.
12. Ukufundwa kwe-EEG ephakamileyo (i-P300) xa abasebenzisi boononophala babonakala kwiinkcukacha zoononongo (ezenzekayo kwezinye izilingo).
13. Umnqweno omncinci wesondo kunye nomntu ohambelanayo kunye ne-cue-reactivity kwiimifanekiso zoononophelo.
14. Ukusetyenziswa koonobumba obuninzi kunxulumene nomlinganiselo ophantsi we-LPP xa ujonga ngokufutshane iifoto zesondo: ubonisa ukuhlala okanye ukungafuni.
15. I-axis functional HPA axis kwaye iguqulwe izijikelezo zengqondo, ezenzeka kwizidakamizwa zeziyobisi (kunye ne-amygdala volume volume, ehambelana nokunyamezela kwengqondo engapheliyo).
16. Uguquko lwe-Epigenetic kwiijethi eziphambili ekuphenduleni komntu kunye nokuxhatshazwa ngokutsha.
17. Amanqanaba aphakamileyo we-Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) - eyenzekayo nokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi nezidakamizwa.
18. Ilahleko kwi-cororal grey cortex; uxhumano oluhluphekileyo phakathi kweenkampani zesikhashana kunye nezinye iimimandla.
19. Ukunyanzelwa okukhulu ngurhulumente.
20. Ukuncitshiswa kwecortex yangaphambili kunye ne-engile yangaphandle ye-gingus gree nto xa ithelekiswa nolawulo olusempilweni.
21. Ukuncitshiswa kwemicimbi emhlophe xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo olusempilweni.

Amanqaku afaka uluhlu olufanelekileyo lwezifundo kunye ne-debunking ingcaciso engafanelekanga:

Ukufumana ulwazi olungelulo oluchanekileyo:

1. UGary Wilson ubhengeza inyani emva kwezifundo ze-5 ze-propagandists zikhankanya ukuxhasa izimvo zabo zokuba ikhoboka le-porn alikho kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwe-porn kuluncedo kakhulu: UGary Wilson-Uphando lwe-Porn: Inyaniso okanye iFiction (2018).
2. Debunking "Kutheni Sisaxhalabe Ngokuphathelele Ukujonga Iidemon?? ", NguMarty Klein, Taylor Kohut, noNicole Prause (2018).
3. Indlela yokuqaphela amaBakala atyunjweyo: Bakucacisa Prause et al. Ngo-2015 (ibango elixokayo libhengeza ukuba likhoboka leziyobisi ezingamanyala), ngelixa lishiya izifundo ezingaphezulu kwama-40 ze-neurological exhasa umlutha we-porn.
4. Ukuba ujonga uhlalutyo lwesifundo ongalufumaniyo kweli phepha "Iingcebiso zeZifundo ezithandabuzayo nezilahlekisayo" jonga eli phepha: I-Porn Science Deniers Alliance (AKA: "RealYourBrainOnPorn.com" kunye ne "PornographyResearch.com"). Iyayivavanya I-YBOP uphawu lwentengiso'"Iphepha lophando," kubandakanya nezifundo zayo ezikhethiweyo ze-cherry, ukuthanda icala, ukushiya into kunye nenkohliso.
5. Ngaba uJoshua Grubbs uyadonsa uboya phezu kwamehlo ethu "ngophando oluthatywayo"? (2016)
6. Uphando lubonisa i-Grubbs, i-Perry, i-Wilt, i-Reid i-review ingenakunqwenela ("Iingcamango Zengxowa-mboleko Ngenxa Yokwenyuka Kwemilinganiselo Yomsebenzi: Umzekelo Odibeneyo kunye noVavanyo loHlolo kunye ne-Meta-Analysis") 2018.
7. Abantu bezenkolo basebenzisa izilwanyana ezincinci kwaye abasenakukholelwa ukuba bakholwa ukuba bangumlutha (2017)
8. Critique ye: Ileta kumhleli "Prause et al. (2015) ukutshatyalaliswa kwangoku izibikezelo zomlutha"
9. I-Op-ed: Ngubani na ophikisa i-science kwiimifanekiso engamanyala? (2016)
10. Ukuxoxwa kukaJustin Lehmiller "Ngaba i-Erectile Dysfunction eqinisweni ephakanyiswayo kwi-Young Men"(2018)
11. Ukuxoxwa kukaKris Taylor "Iinyaniso ezimbalwa ezinzima malunga ne-pornography kunye ne-erectile dysfunction"(2017)
12. kwaye Debunking "Ngaba ufanele ukhathazeke ngokunyanzeliswa kwe-erectile eyenziwa ngoonobumba? ” - nguDaily Dot kaClaire Downs. (2018)
13. Ukwenza ingxelo yenqaku elithi "Impilo Yamadoda" nguGavin Evans:Ngaba Ukujonga Iingxowankulu Kunokunika I-Erectile Dysfunction?"(2018)
14. Ukugqithiswa kobugqwetha kukuphazamisa ububungqina bakho, Ngu-Philip Zimbardo, Gary Wilson kunye no Nikita Coulombe (Matshi, 2016)
15. Oku ngakumbi kwi-pornography: qapha ubukho bakho-impendulo kuMarty KleinNgu-Philip Zimbardo noGary Wilson (Epreli, 2016)
16. Ukuphazamisa impendulo kaDavid Ley kuFilipu uZimbardo: "Simele sithembele kwisayensi yolungileyo kwimpikiswano yezobugcisa"(Matshi, 2016)
17. Impendulo ye-YBOP kuJim Pfaus "Yithemba inzululwazi: ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo kukuyingcamango"(NgoJanuwari, i-2016)
18. Impendulo ye-YBOP kumabango kwi-David Ley (uJanuwari, 2016)
19. I-sexologists enqabe i-porn-yenza i-ED ngokufaka i-masturbation yinkinga (2016)
20. UDavid Ley uhlasela ukunyakaza kweNofap (ngoMeyi, 2015)
21. I-RealYourBrainOnPorn tweets: UDaniel Burgess, uNicole Prause kunye ne-pro-porn allies benza iwebhusayithi ekhethiweyo kunye neakhawunti yeendaba zosasazo ukuxhasa i-ajenda yomzi we-porn (ukuqala ngo-Epreli, 2019).
22. Imizamo kaPrause yokuvala umlomo kaWilson; Umyalelo wakhe wokuthintela awamkelwanga njengento engenamsebenzi kwaye unetyala elikhulu legqwetha kwisigqibo seSLAPP.
23. Ngaba ukuyibiza ngokuba likhoboka lezobisi kuyingozi? Ividiyo debunking Madita Oeming's "Kutheni le nto kufuneka siyeke ukuyibiza ngokuba ngumlutha we-Porn".

Uluhlu lwezifundo ezifanelekileyo (kunye neenkcazo):

• Iiduna kunye neengxaki zesondo? Olu luhlu luqulethe iikhompyutheni ze-40 ezidibanisa ukusetyenziswa koononophelo / ukuxhatshazwa koononophelo kwiingxaki zesondo kunye nokwenyuka kwe-sexually stimulus. The Izifundo zokuqala ze-7 kuluhlu lubonisa bangela, njengabathathi-nxaxheba baqhelise ukusetyenziswa koononophelo kunye nokuphulukisa izifo ezingasinikiyo zesondo.
• Imiphumo yeSigxina kwimibutho? Izifundo ezingaphezu kwe-80 zidibanisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-porn ukuya kwisini esincinci kunye nolwaneliseko lobuhlobo.
• Ukusetyenziswa koonobumba kunokuchaphazela impilo yengqondo nengqondo? Ngaphezulu kwezifundo ze-85 ezinxibelelanisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-porn nakwimpilo yengqondo-yeemvakalelo kunye neziphumo ezibi zokuqonda.
• Ukusetyenziswa kwe-porn kuchaphazela iinkolelo, izimo zengqondo kunye nokuziphatha? Izifundo ezi-40 eziphezulu zidibanisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-porn kunye "neendlela zokungathathi cala" kubantu basetyhini nakwimibono yesini.
• Izifundo ezingaphezu kwe-60 zokubika iziphumo zihambelane nokukhula kwezilwanyana (ukunyamezela), ukuhlala kwimiba yezononophelo, kunye nokukhutshwa kweempawu (zonke iimpawu kunye neempawu ezinxulumene nomlutha).
• Ukuxubusha ingongoma engathethiweyo yokuthetha "inqweno yesini ephakamileyo" ichaza ukuxhatshazwa koonobumba okanye ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesini: Ngaphezulu kwezifundo ze-25 zikhohlisa ibango lokuba isini kunye neziyobisi ezingamanyala "banomnqweno ophezulu wesondo".