I-Critique kaNicole Prause "I-Porn Porn is a Masturbation" (2019)

intshayelelo

I-4-iphepha laseNicole Prause lichaza fu maneka apha. Lelinye lamagqabantshintshi (ubukhulu becala ngabalingane bePrause, abanjengoDavid Ley, Taylor Kohut noSam Perry) kweli phepha lilandelayo: Isikhokelo soMbutho weNtshukumo yoLwabizo lwezesondo kwixesha elifutshane elibhekiselele kumgangatho wexesha elide (ngokwesini)ULeonhardt et al., 2018). Aba baphawuli abakhathali ULeonhardt et alithisisi engundoqo ethi “Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeendaba zesondo zingasichaphazela kakubi umgangatho wexesha lesini."

Nangona kunjalo, kukho inkxaso eninzi yokuxhasa ULeonhardt et alUkuqinisekisa:

Yintoni i-Prause, Ley, Kohut, kunye nePerry ekhoyo ukulwa nokuphambanisa uphando? Ukuphazamiseka, iingxabano ezingenanto, kunye namaphepha amancinci athatywayo, angabandakanyeli ukuhlolisisa. Kwiprojekti edibeneyo, apho bonke abalobi abane babhekisana, baxela ukuba i-masturbation, ingasetyenziswanga yintlonelo, iyona nto imbangela yobudlelwane bobudlelwane kunye neentsholongwane zesondo. Inkxaso yabo kuphela yolu xwebhu oluphawulekayo yiyo iphepha elizimeleyo nguSamuel Perry. Akuzange iqulethe iinkcukacha ezichanekileyo kwixesha lokugcoba i-masturbation, oku kuthetha ukuba amabango ayo ayengaphezulu kweengcamango kweli nqaku. Akukho bubungqina obuqinileyo bokuxhasa inkxaso yabo yokuba i-masturbation, kungekhona i-intanethi ye-intanethi, kodwa kukho ubungqina obuphikisanayo (jonga ngasentla). Ngaphezu koko, akukho urologist ovuma nala magcisa ezesondo ukuba ukuphulula amalungu esini kubangela ukungasebenzi gwenxa kwezesondo- kunye noPrause kuyaziphikisa kwinkcazo ngokwayo ngokubanga ukuba ukuphulula amaphambili "kubonakala kuphucula impilo ngokubanzi."

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele umbhali UNicole Prause Unayo ubudlelwane obusondeleyo nomzi mveliso we-porn kwaye iphazamisekile kwi-PIED etyhafisayo, ikulindile Imfazwe ye-3 yeminyaka kulephepha lezemfundo, ngelixa ngaxeshanye behlukumeza kwaye bekhulula abafana abachachile kwi-porn-indased dysfunctions. Bona amaxwebhu: Gabe Deem #1, Gabe Deem #2, Alexander Rhodes #1, Alexander Rhodes #2, Alexander Rhodes #3, Icawa kaNowa, Alexander Rhodes #4, Alexander Rhodes #5, Alexander Rhodes #6, Alexander Rhodes #7, Alexander Rhodes #8, Alexander Rhodes #9, Alexander Rhodes # 10,  UGabe Deem kunye no-Alex Rhode kunye, Alexander Rhodes # 11, Alexander Rhodes #12, Alexander Rhodes #13.

Amagqabantshintshi kaPrause ngumzamo ongaqinisekisiyo wokufumana uninzi lweempembelelo ezixhaswe kakuhle ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwe-intanethi. Udumo lukhuthaza uluvo lokuba ukusebenzisa i-porn kuluncedo kakhulu… kuye wonke umntu… nakweyiphi na iminyaka. Ngaphandle kweebits malunga nokuba iphonografi ikhuselekile ebantwaneni (apha ngezantsi), amagqabantshintshi kaPrause angaphezulu kweebits kunye neziqwenga ezikhutshelwe kwiziqwenga ezintathu zangaphambili zePrause, ezigxekwe yiYBOP:

  1. Ukuhlalutya malunga nendawo nganye yokuthetha kunye ne-cherry-picking Study Prause, Kohut kunye noLey, bakhupha oku kuhlalutyo olubanzi lweqhosha le-2018 elipapashwe kumagazini i-SLATE: Debunking "Kutheni Sisaxhalabe Ngokuphathelele Ukujonga Iidemon?? ", NguMarty Klein, uToylor Kohut, noNicole Prause.
  2. Ukuhlaziywa kwamabango kwincwadi ye-240 ye-Prause Lancet ubona lo mpendulo obanzi: Uhlalutyo "Iinkcukacha azixhaseli ngesondo njengomlutha"(Prause et al., 2017).
  3. I-YBOP sele isetyenziselwe iincinci zezifundo ezikhethiweyo, eziqhelekileyo ezingabalulekanga, kunye nezibango ezingathandabuzekiyo kwimpendulo yayo kwi-2016 ye-Prause "Ileta kumhleli": I-Critique ye: Ileta kumhleli "Prause et al. (2015) ukutshatyalaliswa kwangoku kwezabelo zokubakhoboka " (2016)

IiPhepha ezimbini eziPhakamileyo zeDubious vs. Izifundo ze-70

Endaweni yokuhlaziya ezi zicalulo zingentla, sinika umzekelo kwingcaciso yangoku kaPrause. Kufuphi nesiphelo I-Prause iveza zonke izinto ezixhasayo anokuzixubusha "ukungqina" ibango lakhe lokuba ukusetyenziswa kwamanyala akunaziphumo zibi kubudlelwane bezesondo. Umdumo unika kuphela izikhalazo ezithandabuzekayo, ngelixa ungakhathaleli ezinye izifundo ze-70 (kubandakanya izifundo ze-8 zangaphambili) eziphazamisa ukuhlaziya kwakhe kwamuva:

Iingcamango eziphambili zemizekelo ecetywayo yayimangalisa ngenxa yokuba umzamo omkhulu, obhalisiwe, wokuphindaphinda awufumananga ubungqina bokuba ubuhlobo obunobuthakathaka (umtsalane, uthando) kwiintsebenziswano zothando ezithathwa yi-VSS (IBalzarini, iDobson, iChin, kunye neCampbell, 2017). Xa ubuzwa ngokuthe ngqo, imibhangqwana ebudlelwaneni kakhulu ikholelwa ukuba i-VSS yabo yokujonga ayinayo imiphumo emibi kwiintsebenziswano zabo kwaye icacisa kakhulu imiphumo emihle (IKohut, iFisher kunye neCampbell, 2016). Ukuqhubela phambili, abanye baye basilela ukufumana iziphumo ezichanekileyo ze-VSS kulwaneliseko lobuhlobo (ngaphandle ngokungangqalanga emadodeni asele ephantsi kubuhlobo; Veit, Štulhofer, & Hald, 2016). Uqikelelo oluninzi lwemodeli ecetywayo lubonakala sele luchanekile ngedatha esele ikho. Imodeli enjalo inokuba luncedo ngakumbi ekubonakaliseni indima yokuphulula amalungu esini okanye ukungafani kweminqweno yesini.

Izicatshulwa ezibini ezixhasayo (ezithi ngokuphindaphindiweyo tweets) livela kwibhodi yomhlobo osondeleyo kunye nombhali-mbhali uTool Kohut. Akukho nto ibonakalayo.

KUFUNDA #1: IKohut, Fisher, kunye neCampbell, 2016 (Ukuze ubone ezinye ukuhlaziywa "kweempembelelo ezibonakalayo zoononografi malunga nobudlelwane bomtshato: Ukufunyaniswa kokuQala okuVulekileyo, uLwazi oluNcedisayo, oluPhantsi kwePhando.") Iziphene ezibini eziphambili (i-tactics?) Zezifundo zilandelayo:

I-1) Isifundo asiqukethe isampuli esimele. Nangona uphando oluninzi lubonisa ukuba incinci yabancinci bebudlelwane bexesha elide basebenzisa i-porno, kule sifundo I-95% yabasetyhini basebenzisa i-pornography ngokwabo. Kwaye I-83% yabasetyhini basebenzise i-porno ukususela ekuqaleni kobudlelwane (kwezinye iimeko iminyaka). Lezo zireyithi ziphezulu kunamaziko asekholejini! Ngamanye amazwi, abaphandi babonakala beye bahlawula isampula zabo ukuze bavelise iziphumo ababezifunayo.

I nyaniso? Idatha evela enkulu ummeli kazwelonke Uphando lwe-US (General General Survey) luchaze ukuba I-2.6% kuphela yabasetyhini abatshatileyo baye bavakashela "iwebhusayithi yezocwangco" ngenyanga yokugqibela. Idatha esuka kwi-2000 - 2004 (ngokubanzi ubone Iphonografi noMtshato, 2014). Nangona le mivuzo ingabonakala iphantsi, khumbula ukuba (i-1) yacela abafazi abatshatileyo kuphela, (2) ibemele onke amaqela eminyaka, (3) yabuza ukuba isistim se-site yesilwanyana "sinye ngenyanga okanye ngaphezulu," ngelixa Izifundo zicela ukuba "uhanjelwe" okanye "watyelelwa kunyaka ophelileyo."

I-2) Isifundo asihambisani nokusetyenziswa koonobumba kunye naluphi na uhlobo olutshintshayo lokuhlola isondo okanye ulwalamano lwalamano. Kunoko, i isifundo esiqeshwe "imibuzo evulekile" imibuzo apho izifundo ziyakwazi ukuxhamla malunga neefostile. (Kwakunobulunga ngaphezu kobuninzi.) Emva koko abaphandi bafunda iinguqu kunye nokugqiba, emva koko, ziphi iimpendulo "zibalulekile" kunye nendlela yokubonisa (spin?) Kumaphepha abo. Emva koko abaphandi bacetyisa ukuba zonke ezinye izifundo malunga noonwabo kunye nobudlelwane, obuqeshwe ngokubanzi, iindlela zenzululwazi kunye nemibuzo eqondekileyo malunga nemiphumo yezononophelo, ephosakeleyo. Ngaba le yenzululwazi? Umbhali okhokelayo uKohut website bakhe uzama ekuxhaseni imali ukuphakamisa imibuzo embalwa, njengoko kunjalo isifundo sakhe se-2016 apho wathi ukusebenzisa iphonografi kunxulumene nokulingana okukhulu kunye nokuziphatha kancinci ngokwesini (okufunyanisiweyo kubalwa phantse zonke ezinye izifundo eziye zapapashwa).

KUFUNDA #2: IBalzarini, iDobson, iChin, kunye neCampbell, 2017 (Ukuze ubone ezinye Ngaba ukutyalwa kwe-erotica kunciphisa ukukhanga kunye nothando lwamalingani abathandanayo kumadoda? Izimpendulo ezizimeleyo zikaKenrick, u-Gutierres kunye neGoldberg.)

Olu cwaningo lwe-2017 luzama ukuphinda luphendule Ucwaningo lwe-1989, eveze amadoda kunye nabasetyhini ngokuzibandakanya ubudlelwane kunye nemifanekiso yesini esahlukileyo. Ucwaningo lwe-1989 lufumene ukuba amadoda afunyaniswe nude playboy Iingxowa zendawo zilinganise amaqabane abo njengento engathandekiyo kwaye ivakalise uthando oluncinci kumlingane wabo. Njengoko umzamo we-2017 wehlulekile ukuphinda uphendule iziphumo ze-1989, abalobi bafuna ukuba uphando lwe-1989 lube lubi, kwaye ukusetyenziswa koononophelo akunakunciphisa uthando okanye umnqweno. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphindaphinda kubonakala "kuhlulekile" ngenxa yokuba indawo yethu yenkcubeko ibe yinto ephangazelisayo kwaye ibe nzima. Abaphandi be-2017 abazange baqashe abafundi beekholeji ze-1989 abakhulisa ukubukela i-MTV emva kwesikolo. Esikhundleni sokuba izifundo zabo zakhula zikhupha i-PornHub ngenxa yezigulane kunye nevidiyo.

Ku-1989 bangaphi abafundi beekholeji bebonile ividiyo ene-X? Akuninzi kakhulu. Bangaphi abafundi beekholeji ze-1989 basebenzisa yonke iseshoni yeseshoni, ukususela ekufikeni komntwana, ukukhwela i-masturbating ukuya kwiindibano ezinzima kwiiseshoni enye? Akukho. Isizathu seziphumo ze-2017 siyabonakala: ukubonakaliswa okufutshane kumfanekiso osasazo playboy I-centralfold iyindawo enkulu yokuqhathaniswa neyiphi iikholeji kwi-2017 ibukele iminyaka. Njalo ababhali bavumile umahluko wokuveliswa komhlaba kunye ne-caatat yabo yokuqala-kodwa abazitshintshanga izigqibo zabo okanye iintloko kumajelo eendaba:

Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukubonisa ukuba uphando lwangaphambili lupapashwe kwi-1989. Ngelo xesha, ukuchazwa kwesiqulatho sesondo kungeke kubekho, kodwa namhlanje, ukubonakaliswa kwemifanekiso engabonakaliyo kwande kakhulu, kwaye ngoko ke ukubonakaliswa kwinqanaba elingaqhelekanga lingenakwanela ukufaka impembelelo echazwe ekuqaleni. Ngako oko, iziphumo zeengxelo zokuphindaphinda zangoku ziyahlukahlula kwisifundo sokuqala ngenxa yokungafani nakwi-exposure, ukufikelela, kunye nokwamkela i-erotica ngoko ngoku.

Kwimeko enqabileyo yecala elingenakulungelelaniso noDavid Ley baziva be nya nzekile ukubonisa okucacileyo:

Kungenzeka ukuba inkcubeko, amadoda, kunye nokwabelana ngesondo kutshintshe kakhulu ukusukela ngo-1989. Ambalwa amadoda amadala kwezi ntsuku angakhange abone iphonografi okanye abhinqileyo abahamba ze-ubunqunu kunye nokuziphatha ngokwesondo okuxhaphakileyo kuyinto exhaphakileyo kumajelo eendaba athandwayo, ukusuka Game of Thrones ukwenza iziqholo zentengiso, kwaye kumazwe amaninzi, abantu basetyhini bavunyelwe ukuba bangabinanto. Ke kunokwenzeka ukuba amadoda kwisifundo samva nje afunde ukudibanisa ubunqunu kunye nokuziphatha ngokwesini abakubonayo kwi-porn nakumajelo eendaba mihla le ngendlela engachaphazeli umtsalane wabo okanye uthando kumaqabane abo. Mhlawumbi amadoda akwisifundo se-1989 ayengaboniswanga ngokwesini, ubunqunu, kunye noonografi.

Gcina ukhumbule ukuba lo mzamo awuthetha ukuba ukusebenzisa i-intanethi ye-intanethi a kazange ukukhangwa kwamadoda kubathandwa babo. Kuthetha nje ukuba ukukhangela "kwiindawo eziphambili" akukho mpembelelo ngqo kule mihla. Amadoda amaninzi achaza ngokukhawuleza ukwandiswa ekutsaleni kumaqabane emva kokuyeka i-intanethi ye-intanethi. Kwaye, kunjalo, kukho ububungqina obude bubukelelwe oontanga zikhankanywe apha ukubonisa imiphumo engathandekiyo yoononophala ekubukeni ubudlelwane.

Ngokucacileyo, uMdumiso awuzami ukuzama ukuphikisana nokuxhaswa kweengcamango ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa koonobumba ukuqhawula umtshato, ukuphuka, kunye nokwaneliseka ngokwesini kunye nobudlelwane bokwenene.

Ekugqibeleni, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ababhali begunya lesibini abatshoyo ngabahlobo bakaTaylor Kohut kwiYunivesithi yaseNtshona Koloni. Leli qela labaphandi, eliphethwe nguWilliam Fisher, liye lashicilela izifundo ezingathandabuzekiyo, eziqhubeka zivelisa iziphumo ezibonakalayo kummandla wokubambisana neencwadi ezininzi ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa koononophelo kwiziphumo ezimbi eziphambili (izifundo eziphambili). Ngaphezu koko, uKohut noFisher badlala indima enkulu, engabazayo ekunqobeni Isizathu 47 eCanada.

Umdumo uthi Iingxowa-mali zingabonakala zilungele abantwana

Ngokungafani nawaphi na amaphepha aPhezulu aPhezulu, u-Prause apha ugxila ekusebenzisweni koononophelo ngabantwana ngokungathi uyingcali kule ndawo. (I-Prause ayizange iphrinte iphepheni malunga nabantwana abaselula kunye noonografi basebenzise, ​​kwaye akaphatheli izigulane, nangona ephethe ilayisenisi yengqondo yeCalifornia.)

Ngamanye amaxesha ubonakala ngathi unengqiqo; ngamanye amaxesha olu luhlomlo lufundwa ngokungathi lubhalwe ngu Ulungelelaniso lweNtetho yeNtetho. Iisampulu ezimbalwa ezivela kwicandelo likaPrause elithi "uLutsha oluPhulula amalungu esini soLonwabo", apho ngobuchule ebuyela umva phakathi kokusebenzisa iphonografi kunye nokuhambisa amalungu esini, ukugcina abafundi bengalindelanga:

Ngokumangalisayo, uLeonhardt et al. kucingelwa ukuba iimpembelelo ze-VSS ebantwaneni kufuneka zingalunganga kwaye zifuna ukunciphisa usapho ("[usapho] lunokunciphisa impembelelo yemithombo yeendaba zesondo," "Ukuphononongwa okunempilo kubudlelwane bemithombo yokuqala"). Ngokwenyani, iimpendulo zabazali ekukrexeni umntwana, kunye okanye ngaphandle kwe-VSS, zihlala zihlazisa kwaye zinokuba yingozi (Gagnon, 1985)….

Ngokufanayo, uLeonhardt et al. (2018) bhala ngokungathi ulutsha alwenzi nto, hayi isini, echaza ukuba "bavezwa iskripthi sesondo" kwaye "abantwana bafumana ukubonakaliswa kwabo okwenzekayo." Oku kuyayihoya into yokuba ulutsha lunokuba zizinto ezisebenzayo zesini, lube namava ezesondo okonwaba, kunye nokuphulula amaphambili ……

ULeonhardt et al. (2018) bonisa "iminyaka yokuvezwa" njengeyona nto inobungozi (kwicandelo "lokuFometha") kwiziphumo ezibi. Nangona kunjalo, ukubonwa kwangaphambili kwe-VSS kunenani lemibutho elungileyo ……

Ukuchonga iindlela zokuxhasa izibonelelo zokujongwa kwe-VSS lulutsha olufumene i-VSS, ngelixa kuncitshiswa umngcipheko (Livingstone kunye neHelsper, 2009), kubonakala ngathi kuyahambelana neempikiswano zokubeka amava eVSS phambili nguLeonhardt okqhubekayo. (2018)… ..

Icandelo lePrause elithi "Ulutsha lokuPhulula amalungu esini ngenjongo yokuziChulumancisa" lide kakhulu, kodwa ukhankanya kuphela izifundo ezine zoonografi zokuxhasa isikhundla sakhe sokuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi ayisiyonto inkulu ebantwaneni. Izifundo ezithathu kwezi zine zichaphazela ababukeli be-porn 1) ukuba bakhululeke ngakumbi ekuboneni amalungu esini, kunye ne-2) ngcono ngcono ekuchongeni izakhiwo zesini.

I-Prause iyishiya i-preponderance ye-adolescence / i-intanethi ye-intanethi yezifundo ze-intanethi, ezenza umzobo ohlukileyo. Khangela olu luhlu lwe ngaphezu kwe-250 yesibini kunye nokusetyenziswa koonwabo. Njengeqela, uphando olutsha lubonisa iziphumo ezimbi ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa koononophelo olutsha. Ngokomzekelo, khawucinge ngoku kuhlaziywa kweencwadi (Qaphela: Umthandazo awukhankanyi uhlaziyo lweencwadi okanye uhlalutyo lweemeta kuba akukho namnye uhambelana nesimo sakhe.):  Impembelelo ye-intanethi ye-Internet kwi-Adolescents: Ukuphononongwa koPhando (2012). Ukususela kwisiphelo:

Ukwandisa ukufikelela kwi-Intanethi ngabaselula baye badala amathuba angakaze afikelele kwimfundo yesondo, ukufunda nokukhula. Ngokwahlukileyo, umngcipheko wengozi obonakalayo kwincwadi iye yabangela abaphandi ukuba baphenye ukutshatyalaliswa kwentombazana engamanyala kwi-intanethi ngokuzama ukuluhluza ukulwa. Ngokuhlangeneyo, ezi zifundo zibonisa ukuba ulutsha oludla uonografi luya kuba neengcinga kunye neenkolelo zesini. Phakathi kwezinto ezifunyenweyo, amanqanaba aphezulu eengqondo zengqondo, ukukhathazeka ngokwesondo, kunye nokuhlola kwangaphambili kwezesondo kuhambelana nokusetyenziswa rhoqo kweentlekiso zoonografi ....

Nangona kunjalo, ukufunyaniswa okuqhubekayo kuye kwavela ekusebenzisaneni kweentlobo zoononografi ezibonisa ulutsha olubonisa ubundlobongela ngamanqanaba okwanda okuziphatha ngokwesondo. Uncwadi lubonisa ukulungelelaniswa phakathi kwentetho yeentshapholi kunye neengcinga zobuqu. Amantombazana abika baziva bengaphantsi kwababhinqa ababujonga kwizinto eziphathekayo zobulili, ngelixa abafana bekwesaba ukuba bangabi njengobomi okanye abakwazi ukwenza njengabo bantu kule mijelo. Iintsholongwane zivakalisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwabo kwezonografi kunciphile njengoko ukuzithemba kwabo nentlalo yoluntu kwanda. Ukongezelela, uphando lubonisa ukuba abatsha abasebenzisa imifanekiso engamanyala, ngokukodwa efumaneka kwi-Intanethi, banamazinga aphantsi ekuhlanganisweni koluntu, ukwanda kweengxaki zokuziphatha, amanqanaba aphezulu okuziphatha kakubi, iziganeko eziphezulu zeempawu ezixinzelelekileyo, kunye nokunciphisa ukunyaniseka kwengqondo kunye nabaxhasi.

Akuhambelani nezinto zokuxhasa ezikhethwe ngononophelo nguPrause. Kananjalo olu vavanyo loncwadi alutshanje: Ukusetyenziswa kwempahla ye-intanethi ngokucacileyo kunye nemiphumo yayo kwimpilo yabantwana: ubungqina bwakutshanje beencwadi (2019) - Amacatshulwa:

IZIPHUMO: Ngokutsho izifundo ezikhethiweyo (n = 19), unxulumano phakathi ukuselwa engamanyala kwi-Internet kunye neziphumo eziliqela yokuziphatha, psychophysical kunye nezentlalo - bt ngokwesondo ngaphambili, ukuzibandakanya kunye / okanye namaqabane amaninzi yaye ngamaxesha athile, imouse zokuziphatha zesini ezinobungozi, befunda ophambene indima yesini , ukungaqondakali komzimba, ukuxhala, ukukhathazeka okanye ukuphazamiseka, ukunyanzeliswa koonografi ukunyanzeliswa - kuqinisekiswa.

Impembelelo ye-intanethi ye-intanethi kwimpilo yabantwana ibonakala ifanelekileyo. Umcimbi awusayi kuhoywa kwaye kufuneka ujolise kungenelelo lwehlabathi kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo.

Nalu uhlalutyo lweemeta ezili-2016 ezivavanya izifundo ezili-135: Imidiya kunye nokuSondo: I-State of Research Empirical, 1995-2015. Ngcaciso:

Injongo yale ngongoma yayiwukuba kuhlanganiswe uphando lweempawu zokuhlola uphando lwezesondo zoxhatshazo. Ugxininiso lwaluphando olushicilelwe ekuhlaziyweni koontanga, iincwadi zeelwimi zesiNgesi phakathi kwe-1995 kunye ne-2015. Iimpapasho ze-109 eziqulethwe zifundo ze-135 zahlaziywa. Iziphumo zanikezela ubungqina obuqhubekayo bokuthi ukuboniswa kwebhubhoratri kunye nokuhlaliswa rhoqo kwimihla ngemihla kuhambelana ngqo nemiphumo eyahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa amanqanaba aphezulu ekunganeliseki komzimba, ukuzithemba okukhulu, ukuxhaswa okukhulu kweenkolelo zesini kunye neenkolelo zentlobano zesini, kwaye ukunyamezela okukhulu kobundlobongela ngesondo malunga nabasetyhini. Ngaphezu koko, ukuchazwa kokulinga kwesi siqulatho kubangela ukuba amabhinqa namadoda abe nombono oncitshiswe ngokubhekisele kwiinkalo zabasetyhini, ukuziphatha kunye noluntu.

Ukushiywa kukaPrause kwezi meta-zifundo zibalulekileyo kuphakamisa imibuzo malunga nokuba izimvo zakhe ezichaseneyo zenziwe ngokungachanekanga. Njengoko ukungakhethi buso kuyintsika kuncwadi lwezifundo, jonga eli phepha lilandelayo: Ngaba uNicole Prause Uchithezelwa yiShishini lezono?