Ngaba uJoshua Grubbs uyadonsa uboya phezu kwamehlo ethu "ngophando oluthatywayo"?

QAPHELA 2017: Isifundo esitsha (Fernandez et al., 2017) kuvavanywe kwaye kwahlalutywa i-CPUI-9, iphepha lemibuzo elalichazwa ngokuba "likhoboka lemifanekiso engamanyala" elenziwa nguJoshua Grubbs, kwaye lafumanisa ukuba alinakuvavanya ngokuchanekileyo or "Ukubona iziyobisi ezingamanyala" (Ngaba i-Cyber ​​Pornography Sebenzisa i-Inventory-izikolo ze-9 zibonakalisa ukunyanzeliswa okwenene kwi-Intanethi ye-Iphonyayili? Ukuqwalasela indima yokuzilahla). Kwakhona kwafumanisa ukuba i-1/3 yemibuzo ye-CPUI-9 kufuneka ishiywe ukubuyisela iziphumo ezifanelekileyo ezinxulumene "nokungavumi kokuziphatha", "inkolo", kunye "neeyure zokusebenzisa iphonografi." Iziphumo ziphakamisa ukungathandabuzeki malunga nezigqibo ezithatyathwe kuso nasiphi na isifundo esisebenzise i-CPUI-9 okanye exhomekeke kwizifundo eziyisebenzisileyo. Uninzi lwezinto ezintsha ezixhalabisayo kunye nokugxekwa kwisibuko kwezi zichazwe kolu hlaselo lulandelayo.

QAPHELA 2018: Iqhekeza lepropaganda lizenza ngathi kubizwa uphononongo nguGrubbs, uSamuel Perry, uRory Reid noJoshua Wilt - Uphando Lunyusa iGrubbs, Perry, Wilt, Reid Review is Disingenuous ("Iingxaki zephonografi ngenxa yokuziphatha kakubi: Imodeli edityanisiweyo yoPhononongo olucwangcisiweyo kunye nohlalutyo lweMeta") ka-2018.

UKUZIVAVANYA: In 2019, ababhali uSamuel Perry noJoshua Grubbs baqinisekisa i-ajenda yabo eqhutywa zi-ajenda xa bobabini ngokusemthethweni wajoyina umanyano UNicole Prause kwaye UDavid Ley ngokuzama ukuthula YourBrainOnPorn.com. I-Perry, Grubbs kunye nezinye "iingcali" ze-pro- porn "ku-wrereourourbrainonporn.com bazibandakanya nazo ulwaphulo-mthetho lokuthengisa ngokungekho mthethweni kunye nokuphambanisa. Umfundi kufuneka ayazi loo nto I-RealYBOP ye-twitter (ngokuvunywa okucacileyo kweengcali zayo) ikwabandakanyeka kunyeliso nasekuhlukunyezweni UGary Wilson, Alexander Rhode, Gabe Deem kunye ne-NCOSE, Laila Mickelwait, Gail Dines, yaye nabani na omnye umntu othetha phandle malunga neengozi ze-porn. Ukongeza, uDavid Ley kunye neengcali ezimbini ze "RealYBOP" ngoku ukubuyekezwa ngumzi mveliso we-porn xHamster ukukhuthaza iwebhusayithi yayo (okt StripChat) kunye nokwazisa abasebenzisi ukuba iziyobisi ze-porn kunye nesini ziintsomi! Mthetheleli (ngubani iqhuba i-RealYBOP i-twitter) Kubonakala ngathi iyancwina kakhulu kwiinkampani zoonografi, kwaye isebenzise i-RealYBOP ye-twitter ukuze khuthaza ishishini lezamanyala, khusela i-PornHub (eyabamba iividiyo zokurhweba ngabantwana kwi-porn kunye nezesondo), kunye hlasela abo bakhuthaza isikhalazo ukubamba I-PornHub iyaphendula. Sikholelwa ukuba "iingcali" zeRealBOP kufuneka zidwelise ubulungu bazo be-RealYBOP njenge- "ukungqubana komdla" kupapasho oluhlaziyiweyo lontanga.

QAPHELA 2019: Ekugqibeleni, iiGrubbs azange zixhomekeke kuye Isixhobo se-CPUI-9. I-CPUI-9 iquka i-3 "ityala kunye neentloni / ukuxinezeleka kwemibuzo" ayifumaneki kwizixhobo zomlutha -Yaye icimba iziphumo zayo, ebangela ukuba abasebenzisi benkolo ye-porn bafumane amanqaku aphezulu kunye nabangengawo awenkolo ukuba amanqaku aphantsi kunezifundo ezikwizixhobo zovavanyo oluqhelekileyo. Endaweni yoko, Isifundo esitsha seGrubbs sibuze i-2 ngqo ku-ewe / hayi imibuzo yabasebenzisi be-porn ("Ndiyakholwa ukuba ndiyilwaphulo loonografi. ""Ndiza kuthiwa i-intanethi yecala.)). Ngokuphikisana ngokuthe ngqo namabango akhe angaphambili, uGqirha Grubbs kunye neqela lakhe lophando bafumanise ukuba ukholelwa ukuba ulikhoboka lesini le-porn. hayi ngenkolo.

QAPHELA 2020: Umphandi ongazinzanga uM Mateuz Gola ungene kwiGrubbs. Endaweni yokusebenzisa i-CPUI-9 ye-Grubbs ecekeceke kakhulu, isifundo sisebenzise umbuzo omnye:Ndiyakholwa ukuba ndiyilwaphulo loonografi". Oku kubangele ulwalamano oluncinci okanye akukho nanto phakathi konqulo kunye nokuzikholelwa ukuba ulikhoboka le-porn. Bona: Ukuvavanya iingxaki zePonografi ngenxa yeModeli yokuNgalungi kweModeli (ka-2019)

INTSHAYELELO

Uluvo olutsha kutshanje luye lwavela ngokungxama kwamaphepha kunye namanqaku: "wabona ukuba likhoboka lamanyala." Yazaliswa nguJoshua Grubbs kwaye yavavanywa ngokucokisekileyo kuhlalutyo lwe-YBOP: Critique "Ukuqonda iziyobisi kwi-Intanethi yamanyala kunye noxinzelelo lwengqondo: Ukuvavanya ubudlelwane ngexesha elinye kunye nexesha elingaphezulu ” (2015). Nazi ezimbalwa zezihloko ezivela kulolu cwaningo:

• Ukujonga iifostile kulungile. Ukukholelwa Kwi-Porn Addiction Not
• Umlutha Obonakalayo Ngomntu Ogqwethayo Unobungozi Kakhulu Kunokuba Uziphathe Ngokugqithiseleyo
• Ukukholelwa Ukuba Unomdla Wokuzibambeka Ngesiqhelo Ingosizathu Sengxaki Yakho YobuNtu, UFundo Olufunyanwayo

Apha siphinda siqwalasele umsebenzi kaJoshua Grubbs njengoko eqhubeka nokupapasha amaphepha "abonwa ngokuba likhoboka lamanyala". Kule Ukushicilelwa kwe-2015 I-Grubbs iphakamisa ukuba iphonografi isebenzisa yona ayibangeli naziphi na iingxaki:

"Kubonakala ngathi ayiyiyo iphonografi ngokwayo ebangela iingxaki zabantu, yindlela abavakalelwa ngayo ngayo,"

“Umlutha obonakalayo uquka ukutolika kakubi indlela oziphethe ngayo, ucinga ngesiqu sakho, ngathi, 'Andinawo amandla oku' okanye 'Ndingumlutha, kwaye andikwazi ukukulawula oku.'

I-Grubbs idibanisa iimbono zakhe kulo 2016 Psychology Namhlanje inqaku, besithi ukuxhatshazwa kwezilwanyana ezingathandabuzekiyo akunanto ngaphezu kwehlazo lenkolo.

Ukubizwa ngokuba "likhoboka lamanyala" liqabane, okanye nokuba nguwe, ayinanto enxulumene nomlinganiselo wezonxeba umntu azijonga ngayo, uthi uJoshua Grubbs, uprofesa oncedisayo wezekgiksi kwi-Bowling Green University. Kunoko, inento yonke yokuyenza yonqulo kwaye livuselele Isimo sengqondo ngesondo. Ngamafutshane, uthi, "Kukukhuthaza iintloni."

I-Grubbs iyibiza ngokuba "kukujonga iphonografi." "Isebenza ngokungafaniyo nezinye izilwanyana. "

Ukuba uJuuha Grubbs wayecatshulwa ngokuchanekileyo, umda wamabango angentla apha kwi-propaganda, njengoko siza kubonisa ukuba:

1. Iphepha lemibuzo likaGrubbs livavanya kuphela oyena mkhwa ungamanyala. Ukuba likhoboka le-porn "alisebenzi ngokwahlukileyo kwezinye iziyobisi," kwaye iGrubbs ayibonisanga ukuba iyasebenza. Ngapha koko, iGrubbs isekwe kwiphepha lemibuzo lakhe (kwimigangatho) yemibuzo ephathelele iziyobisi.
2. Ngokuchasene nengxelo yakhe ngasentla, inani le-porn elisetyenzisiweyo ngamandla ezinxulumene namanqaku kwiphepha lemibuzo le-Grubbs's drug addiction (CPUI). Ngapha koko, izifundo zikaGrubbs zibonisa ukuba umlutha we-porn (Amacandelo e-CPUI 2 & 3) ukude Kaninzi ezinxulumene nomlinganiselo wezonunu ezijongwa kunokuba kunqulo.
3. Ngaphaya koko, "iiyure zokusetyenziswa" ayingomlingani onokuthenjwa (we-proxy for) yeziyobisi. Izifundo zangaphambili ziye zafumanisa ukuba "iiyure zoononophelo ezijongwa" azihambelani ngokulandelelana kunye namanqaku okulutha kwezesondo okanye iimpawu. Zininzi izinto ezongezelelekileyo zokusetyenziswa ngokunjalo negalelo ekuphuhliseni umlutha wezobisi.

Ngaphandle kwale mingeni ebonakalayo kwiGrubbs's “Iziyobisi ezingamanyala ziintloni zonqulo kuphela”Ibango, imodeli yakhe iyawa xa sicinga ukuba:

1. Ihlazo lenkolo alubangeli ukuba utshintsho lwengqondo lubukise abo bafumaneka kwiziyobisi. Ukanti zingama-39 izifundo zeengqondo ukuguquka kwengxelo yomlutha ejongene noxilongo kubasebenzisi bentlonelo / abatshatyalaliswa ngokwesondo.
2. Ukuxhaswa kweengxelo zihlawula ixabiso elincinci lokuziphatha ngokunyanisekileyo ngokwesondo kunye nokusetyenziswa koononophelo kubantu (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25).
3. Oku kuthetha ukuba isampulu kaGrubbs yabasebenzisi bezononophelo zonqulo ayinakuphikiswa (jonga ngezantsi). Ikwathetha ukuba "inkolo" iyayenza hayi qi kelela u
4. abaninzi abangakholelwa kuThixo kunye nama-agnostics ukuphuhlisa umlutha wezobisi. Izifundo ezimbini ze-2016 kubantu abasebenzisa i-porno ekugqibeleni iinyanga ze-6 zokugqibela, okanye iinyanga ze-3 zokugqibela, lichazwe ngamazinga aphezulu kakhulu okusetyenziswa koonwabo (i-28% kwizifundo zombini).
5. "Umlutha obonakalayo" ngokucacileyo awunakukubangela ukungasebenzi kakuhle okungapheliyo, i-libido ephantsi kunye ne-anorgasmia kubafana abasempilweni. Okwangoku ezininzi izifundo ukudibanisa ukusetyenziswa koononophelo kwiinkcaso zesondo kunye nokwaneliseka kwezesondo, kwaye Iingqinisiso ze-ED ezingenakucaciswa ziphakanyiswe yi-1000% emadodeni aphantsi kwama-40 okoko “ityhubhu” yamanyala yafika kubomi babasebenzisi be-porn.
6. le Ucwaningo lwe-2016 malunga nokufuna unyango lwezilwanyana fu manise ukuba inkolo ayizange ilandelelanise eneempawu ezingekhoyo okanye amanqaku kwi-questionnaire ye-sex addiction.
7. le Ucwaningo lwe-2016 ekufuneni unyango lwabantu abathandanayo fu maneka Akukho buhlobo phakathi kokuzibophezela kwezenkolo kunye namanqanaba okuziphatha okuxhatshaxisayo kunye nemiphumo ehambelanayo.

Kula macandelo alandelayo siza kujongana namabango aphambili kaGrubbs, jonga nzulu kwidatha yakhe kunye nendlela yokwenza izinto, kwaye uphakamise enye inkcazo yebango lakhe lokuba inkolo inxulumene nomlutha we-porn. Kodwa kuqala masiqale ngeentsika ezi-3 apho uGrubbs akha amaphepha akhe ahambelanayo.

Amabango kaGrubbs ukuba asebenze ZONKE ezi zinto zintathu kufuneka ziyinyani kwaye zixhaswe ngophando lokwenyani:

1) I-Grubbs I-Cyber ​​Pornography Sebenzisa i-Inventory (I-CPUI) kufuneka ivavanye "ukubonwa kwesiyobisi se-porn" kunokuba ngokwenene umlutha wezobisi.

• A kunjalo. I-CPUI ivavanya ngokwenene Ukuxhatshazwa koonwabo, njengoko uGrbs ubhekisele kwiphepha lakhe lasekuqaleni le-2010 ukuqinisekisa i-CPUI (ngaphantsi ngaphantsi). Enyanisweni, i-CPUI yodwa kuqinisekiswa njenge ngokwenene uvavanyo lweziyobisi. Ngaphandle kwesizathu esixhasayo sesayensi, kwi-2013, i-Grubbs iphinde ibhale kwakhona uvavanyo lwayo lweziyobisi ezingamanyala "uvavanyo lweziyobisi ezingamanyala".
• Qaphela: kwizifundo zikaGrubbs usebenzisa ibinzana elithi "umlutha obonwayo" okanye "ukubonwa kwesiyobisi esingamanyala" ukubonisa amanqaku ewonke kuvavanyo lwe-CPUI (olona vavanyo lweziyobisi). Oku kulahlekile kutoliko ngenxa yokuphindaphindwa rhoqo "kweziyobisi ezibonakala ngathi zikho," endaweni yelebheli echanekileyo, engenajingi: "Imifanekiso engamanyala ye-Intanethi isebenzisa amanqaku e-Inventory."

I-2) Iigrub kufuneka zifumene ubuncinci ekungabambisanani phakathi kweeyure zokusetyenziswa kunye nezikolo ze-CPUI (umlutha wezobisi).

• Akukho kwakhona. Umzekelo, Grubbs et al. 2015 idibanisa ukulungelelanisa okuqinileyo phakathi kweeyure zokusetyenziswa kunye nezikolo ze-CPUI. Ukususela kwip. 6 kweso sifundo:

"Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwemifanekiso engamanyala mihla le kwiiyure kwakubalulekile kwaye kunxulunyaniswa nokudakumba, uxinzelelo kunye nomsindo, kunye ne ubona umlutha [umlinganiselo we-CPUI]."

• IiGrubbs's lwesibini isifundo se-2015 ingxelo ingxelo melele Unxibelelwano phakathi kwamanqaku e-CPUI kunye "neeyure zokusetyenziswa kwe-porn" kunokuba kunjalo phakathi kwamanqaku e-CPUI kunye nenkolo.

I-Grubbs ingafuna njani Psychology Namhlanje ukuba likhoboka lamanyala “ayinanto enxulumene nemifanekiso yobunono umntu abujonga ngayo,"Xa izifundo zakhe zityhila ukuba ubungakanani bokusetyenziswa" ngokubonakalayo nangokuqinisekileyo "kuhambelana namanqaku e-CPUI?

I-3) Ezinye iimvavanyo kufuneka zixelele ukuba isixa-mali esisetyenzisiweyo sisetyenziswa ngokuhambelanayo kunye neempawu zoononophala umlutha okanye amanqaku kwiimvavanyo zokuxhatshazwa koonwabo.

• Abazange. Amanye amaqela ophando afumanise ukuba "iiyure zokusetyenziswa" eziguquguqukayo azihambelani ngokuhambelana nomlutha we-cybersex (okanye umlutha wokudlala ividiyo). Oko kukuthi, umlutha uxelwe ngokuthembekileyo ngezinye izinto eziguquguqukayo kune "iiyure zokusetyenziswa" nokuba kunjalo, ngoko ke ukuthanda izinto kukaGrubbs kuyathandabuzeka nokuba indlela yakhe yayilungile kwaye amabango akhe achanekile. (Akunjalo.) "Iiyure zokusetyenziswa" ayisiyommeli othembekileyo "weziyobisi ezingamanyala," ke akukho kunxibelelana nayo okanye ukunqongophala konxibelelwano nayo kunokuba nokubaluleka okukhulu kweGrubbs.

Uninzi lwezihloko ezenziwe yiGrubbs kunye namabango axhomekeke kuwo onke amanqaku ama-3 angentla ayinyani. Abekho. Ngoku sivavanya ezi ntsika zintathu kunye neenkcukacha ezijikeleze izifundo kunye namabango eGrubbs.

ICANDELO 1: Intsomi "yokuqonda" iziyobisi:

I-Cyber ​​Pornography Sebenzisa Inventory (CPUILuvavanyo lokwenyani.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela:

• Nanini na xa iGrubbs isebenzisa ibinzana elithi "umlutha obonakalayo" uthetha inqaku lilonke kwi-CPUI yakhe.
• I-CPUI yahlulwe yangamacandelo ama-3, ethi ibaluleke kakhulu kamva njengoko sivavanya indlela amanqaku kwicandelo ngalinye ahambelana ngayo nezinye izinto ezinje nge "iiyure zokusetyenziswa" kunye "nenkolo."
• Umbuzo ngamnye ukora kusetyenziswa isikali se-Likert esi-1 ukuya kwele-7, nge-1 “hayi akunjalo, "Kunye ne7"Kakhulu. "

UKUPHATHISWA:

1. Ndiyakholwa ukuba ndiyilwaphulo loonografi.

2. Ndiziva ndikwazi ukuyeka ukusetyenziswa kwimizila engamanyala e-intanethi.

3. Nangona ndifuni ukujonga iifrafikhi kwi-intanethi, ndivakalelwa kuyo

IIMPUHLISO ZOKUFUMANA:

4. Ngamanye amaxesha, ndizama ukulungiselela ishedyuli yam ukuze ndibe yedwa ukuze ndibukele iiporografi.

5. Ndenqabile ukuphuma kunye nabahlobo okanye ukuya kwimisebenzi ethile yentlalo ukuze ndibe nethuba lokujonga imifanekiso engamanyala.

6. Ndiyekile izinto ezibalulekileyo ekujongeni imifanekiso engamanyala.

UKUSINDA KWEZEMPILO:

7. Ndiyintloni emva kokubukela iifoto zoononophelo kwi-intanethi

8. Ndiziva ndixinezelekile emva kokubukela iphonografi kwi-intanethi.

9. Ndiziva ndigula emva kokujonga iifrafikhi kwi-intanethi.

Ngokwenyani, iphepha lemibuzo le-Grubbs's Cyber ​​Pornography Use Inventory (CPUI) iyafana kakhulu neminye imibuzo emininzi yeziyobisi kunye nokuziphatha. Njengolunye uvavanyo lweziyobisi, i-CPUI ivavanya isimilo kunye neempawu eziqhelekileyo kuzo zonke iziyobisi, ezinje: ukungakwazi ukulawula ukusetyenziswa; ukunyanzeliswa kokusebenzisa, iminqweno yokusebenzisa, iziphumo ezibi zengqondo, ezentlalo kunye neemvakalelo; Ukuzixakekisa ngokusebenzisa. Ngapha koko, kuphela i-1 yemibuzo ye-CPUI engama-9 ngentla kwayo ebonisa “umlutha obonakalayo.”

Ukanti sixelelwa ukuba umntu lilonke Inqaku layo yonke imibuzo eyi-9 liyafana "nokubonwa njengekhoboka" kunokuba likhoboka ngokwalo. Kulahlekisa kakhulu, kukrelekrele kakhulu, kwaye ngaphandle kwesiseko senzululwazi. I-Agnotology fodder, nabani na? (Agnotology ukufundwa kokungazi ngokwenkolo okanye ukungathandabuzeki, ngokukodwa ukupapashwa kwedatha yolwazi olungalunganga okanye ekhohlisayo eyenzelwe ukudibanisa uluntu malunga nomhlaba wophando kwintsimi ethile. I-Big Tobacco ibizwa ngokuqulunqa intsimi ye-agnotology.)

Qaphela ukuba iimvavanyo zokuvavanya izidakamizwa eminyaka emibini kokusetyenziswa kweemichiza kunye nokuziphatha komlutha zixhomekeke kwimibandela efanayo njengoko i-CPUI yokuvavanya ngokwenene, kungekhona nje yaqonda, umlutha. Imibuzo ye-CPUI i-1-6 ihlola iimpawu zokuziphatha eziphambili njengoko zichazwe yi-4 Cs, ngelixa imibuzo 7-9 ivavanya imeko yeemvakalelo ezimbi emva kokusebenzisa iphonografi. Masithelekise i-CPUI nesixhobo esivamise ukuvavanywa kwesiyobisi esaziwa njenge “4 Cs.”Imibuzo ye-CPUI ehambelana nee-Cs ezine nayo iyaqatshelwa.

• Cukukhupha ukusetyenziswa (2, 3)
• Ukungakwazi Cbenzisi (2, 3, ingayiyo 4-6)
• Cizixhobo zokusebenzisa (3 ngakumbi, kodwa 1-6 inokutolika njengeminqweno)
• Csisebenzise ngokubhekiselele kwimiphumo emibi (4-6, mhlawumbi 7-9)

Iingcali zezobisi zixhomekeke kwizixhobo zokuhlola ezinjenge-4C njengoko zibonisa ukuxilonga ngenxa yokuba izazinzulu zenzululwazi ziye zahambelana neempawu ezi ngxaki kunye neengqondo ezinxulumene noxilongo kwiminyaka engamashumi eminyaka yophando olusisiseko. Jonga isitatimende somgaqo-nkqubo we-American Society of Addiction Medicine. Ngamafutshane, i-Grubb's CPUI luvavanyo lweziyobisi ezingamanyala; ayizange iqinisekiswe ukuba "umlutha obonakalayo."

Uvavanyo lokuqala lwe-2010 Grubbs luthi i-CPUI ivavanywa ngokwenene umlutha wezobisi

In Iphepha lokuqala likaGrubbs lowama-2010 waqinisekisa i-Cyber-Pornography Sebenzisa i-Inventory (CPUI) njengophando lwemibuzo ngokwenene Iziyobisi. Amabinzana athi "ukubonwa njengomlutha" kunye "nokuqonda ukuba likhoboka lamanyala" akuveli kwiphepha lakhe le-2010. Ngokuchasene noko, iGrubbs et al., 2010 icacisa gca kwiindawo ezininzi ukuba i-CPUI ivavanya umlutha wokwenyani we-porn:

Iimodeli ezichazwe ngaphambili ezicetyiswayo zokuqonda izilingo zokuziphatha yayiziingcinga eziphambili ezazisetyenziselwa ukufumana isixhobo kolu phononongo, i-Cyber-Pornography Sebenzisa i-Inventory (CPUI), ehambelana emva kovavanyo lwe-Intanethi lokuPhononongwa kwezesondo olwenziwe nguDelmonico (Delmonico & Griffin, 2008) . Inkqubo ye-CPUI isekelwe kwimigaqo yokuba ukuziphatha komlingo kubonakala ngokungakwazi ukuyeka ukuziphatha, iimiphumo ezibi kakhulu ngenxa yendlela yokuziphatha, kunye nokugqithiswa ngokubanzi kunye nokuziphatha (UDelmonico kunye noMiller, 2003).

I-CPUI ibonisa ngokuqinisekileyo isithembiso njengesixhobo sokuhlola umlutha we-intanethi. Nangona izixhobo zangaphambilini, ezifana ne-ISST, zavavanya kuphela ukuxhatshazwa kwezesondo kwi-intanethi, eli nqanaba libonise isithembiso ngokuvavanya ngokukodwa ukuxhatshazwa koonografi. Ukongezelela, izinto ezichazwe kwinqanaba le-Addictive Patterns liye labonakala lifumana inqanaba elithile inkxaso yenkxaso kunye nokwakhiwa okusemthethweni xa kuthelekiswa neendlela zokuxilonga kuzo zombini ukuxhomekeka kweMpahla kunye nokuGembula kwePathological, i-ICD.

Ekugqibeleni, ezintlanu zezinto kwi-Pattern Addictive scale ukusuka kwisiqalo sokuqala sokunyanzeliswa kubonakala ngathi zithintela ngqo kumntu owaziwayo okanye abakwaziyo ukuyeka ukuziphatha ababandakanyeka kuyo. Ukungakwazi ukuyeka ukuziphatha okuyingxaki phantsi kwayo nayiphi na imeko ayikho kuphela imfuneko yecandelo lokuxilonga kwi-SD kunye ne-PG, kodwa inokucingwa njengenye yezinto eziphambili zokubamba umlutha, njengoko kubonakaliswe kwi-SD, kunye nee-ICD (iDixon et al., 2007; Potenza, 2006). Kubonakala ukuba oku kungakwazi ukudala ingxaki.

Kwi Ucwaningo lwe-2013 I-Grubbs yanciphisa inani lemibuzo ye-CPUI kwi-32 (okanye i-39 okanye i-41) ukuya kwi-9 yangoku, kwaye zibhalwa kwakhona yakhe ngokwenene, iqinisekisiwe Uvavanyo lweziyobisi njenge-"eyaziwayo ye-porn" (nantsi Uhlobo lwemibuzo ye-41 ye-CPUI). Wenza njalo ngaphandle kwengcaciso okanye ukulungiswa Waqhubeka nokusebenzisa ibinzana elithi "umlutha obonakalayo" amaxesha angama-80 kwiphepha lakhe le-2013. Oko kwathiwa, iGrubbs ichaze ubunyani be-CPUI-9 kule ngxelo iphuma kwiphepha le-2013:

"Okokugqibela, safumanisa ukuba i-CPUI-9 yayinxulumene ngokuqinisekileyo notyekelo ngokubanzi lwe-hypersexual, njengoko kulinganiswa yi Kalichman Ukunyanzelisa Ngokwezesondo. Oku kwalatha kwinqanaba eliphezulu lokunxibelelana phakathi kokunyanzelwa kokusebenzisa iphonografi kunye nokuxhatshazwa ngokwesini ngokubanzi. ”

Masicace gca-i-CPUI khange iqinisekiswe njengovavanyo lovavanyo olwahlulahlula umlutha wezobisi ukusuka "ukubonwa kweziyobisi."Oku kuthetha ukuba uluntu luxhomekeke kuphela kwigama likaGrubbs ukuba uvavanyo oluhlaziyiweyo luyakwazi ukwahlula phakathi" kokubona ukuba likhoboka lemifanekiso engamanyala "kunye" nolona hlobo lweziyobisi ezingamanyala "i-CPUI yayiqinisekisiwe ekuqaleni ukuba ivavanywe. Inobunzululwazi bokuba ubhale kwakhona uvavanyo oluqinisekisiweyo njengenye into ehluke kwaphela ngaphandle kokuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa kovavanyo okuguqulweyo?

Kutheni le nto uJoshua Grubbs ebhala kwakhona i-CPUI kuvavanyo lweziyobisi ezingamanyala?

Ngelixa uGrubbs ngokwakhe engazange athi uvavanyo lwakhe lunokuhlela ukuba lubonakale kulikhoboka lokwenyani, ingqesho yakhe yekota elahlekisayo ("ukubonwa njengekhoboka") yamanqaku kwisixhobo sakhe se-CPUI-9 kukhokelele abanye ukuba bathathe isixhobo sakhe sinepropathi yomlingo yokuba nako ukucalucalulo phakathi kweziyobisi. Oku kwenze umonakalo omkhulu kwicandelo lokuvavanywa kweziyobisi ngenxa yokuba abanye bathembele kumaphepha akhe njengobungqina bento abangayenziyo, kwaye abangenako ukuyizisa. Alukho uvavanyo olukhoyo olunokwahlula phakathi "kwenyani" kunye neziyobisi. Ukuyibiza nje ngolu hlobo akunakuyenza njalo.

Kwenzeka njani oku? Akuqhelekanga kubahleli beendaba kunye nabahlaziyi ukuba bafune ukuhlaziywa okukhulu ngaphambi kokuba bamkele iphepha lokupapashwa. UJoshua Grubbs uthe nge-imeyile ukuba umvavanyi wesifundo sakhe sesibini se-CPUI-9 wabangela ukuba yena kunye nababhali-mbhali bakhe besifundo se-2013 batshintshe isigama esithi "umlutha we-porn" se-CPUI-9 (kuba umvavanyi wayehlekisa ngo "kwakha" yeziyobisi). Kungenxa yoko le nto uGrubbs etshintshe inkcazo yakhe yovavanyo yaba “yaqonda iziyobisi. ”iphepha lemibuzo. Ngokusisiseko umntu ongaziwayo / umhleli kweli phephancwadi linye uqalise ileyibhile engaxhaswanga, elahlekisayo “yaqonda ukubukela iphonografi. ” I-CPUI ayizange iqinisekiswe njengolu vavanyo lokuvavanya umlutha wezobisi ukusuka "ukubonwa kweziyobisi.”Nazi iGrubbs tweeting malunga nale nkqubo, kubandakanya nezimvo zomvavanyi:

uJosh Grubbs‏ @JoshuaGrubbsPhD

Kwiphepha lam le-1 lokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwe-porn: "Olu lwakhiwo [likhoboka leziyobisi ezingamanyala] lunentsingiselo ukulinganisa njengamava okuxhwilwa komphambukeli: akunantsingiselo.

UNicole R Umthandazo, PhD‏ @NicoleRPrause

Wena okanye umbuyekezi?

uJosh Grubbs‏ @JoshuaGrubbsPhD

Umbuyekezi wathi kum

uJosh Grubbs‏ @JoshuaGrubbsPhD  Jul 14

Eyona nto eyabangela ukuba ndibe ngumlutha emsebenzini, ndacinga ngamagqabaza njengoko kuhlaziywa kugxininiso.

Akukho siqalo sembali sovavanyo lokuvavanywa komlutha

Izifundo ezimbini zeGrabbs zihlala zikhankanya (1, 2) ukubonisa ukuba imbono yakhe yokuba "umlutha obonakalayo" isekiwe / isemthethweni yenziwe kubantu abatshayayo, kwaye ayixhasi nomxholo wokuba "umlutha obonakalayo" njengoko uGrubbs ewusebenzisa. Okokuqala, akukho sifundo sicebisayo, njengoko iGrubbs isenza nge-porn, ukuba awukho umlutha wecuba awukho. Kwaye akukho nasinye sezo zifundo esathi sivelise iphepha lemibuzo elinokwahlula okanye lahlule "ukubonwa njengekhoboka" kwikhoboka lokwenyani. Zombini ezi zifundo zigxile ekuvavanyeni njani impumelelo yexesha elizayo ekunqumeni ukutshaya okubhekiselele kwii-self-report reports of addiction.

Akukho phepha lemibuzo "lokulutha okubonakalayo" kuyo nayiphi na into-iziyobisi okanye indlela yokuziphatha-kubandakanya ukusebenzisa iphonografi (ngaphandle kwamabango kaGrubbs). Kukho isizathu esivakalayo sokuba 'uGqirha kuGoogle' abuyise iziphumo ezingalunganga kwezi “zilingo zibonakalayo”:

• "ubona utywala"
• "ukugqithiswa kwe-cocaine"
• "i-heroin yobunzima"
• "umlutha we-methamphetamine"
• "kubonwa ukugembula"

Abanye abaphandi baqikelela ukusebenzisa i-CPUI ngokwenene vavanyo lwezobisi

Uhlolo lwangempela: abanye abaphandi bachaza i-CPUI ngokwenene iphepha lemibuzo lovavanyo lweziyobisi (njengoko injalo yaqinisekiswa), kwaye uyisebenzise ngolu hlobo kwizifundo zabo ezipapashiweyo:

1. Uvavanyo lwe-Intanethi ye-Intanethi Ukusetyenziswa phakathi kwabaFundi beBafundi kwiiKholeji zamaKrestu zama-Evangelical (2011)
2. Imibuzo kunye nezikali zokuvavanya imisebenzi yezocansi kwi-intanethi: Ukuhlaziywa kweminyaka eyi-20 yophando (2014)
3. Ingxaki ye-cybersex: Inkcazo, ukuvavanya, kunye nonyango (2015)
4. Ukucacisa iziqhagamshelo phakathi kwamanqaku e-intanethi, ukusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi, izizathu zokusela, kunye ne-pornography ye-intanethi Sebenzisa (i-2015)
5. I-Cyberpornography: Ukusetyenziswa kwexesha, ukuLungiswa koMlingo, UkuSebenza koSondo, kunye nokuNeliswa koSondo (2016)
6. Ukuhlolisisa i-Correlates yeengxaki ze-Intanethi ze-Intanethi Sebenzisa kwi-University Student (2016)

Isifundo sokugqibela esasentla sisebenzise inguqu edeleyo ye-Grubbs CPUI kunye ne-intanethi ye-intanethi yoxilongo lwe-pornography ephuma kwi-DSM-5 ye-intanethi ye-addiction criteria Iigrafu ezingezantsi zibonisa izifundo ezifanayo' amanqaku kumabhinqa emibuzo ehlukeneyo yokulahla i-porn:

-

Akumangalisi: iziphumo ezifanayo kunye nokusasazwa kwe-Grubbs CPUI kunye ne-DSM-5-based based questionnaire questionnaire. Ukuba i-CPUI iyakwazi ukwahlula "umlutha obonakalayo" ukusuka "kulutha uqobo" iigrafu kunye nolwabiwo luya kuba ngokungafaniyo. Abekho.

Ingcebiso: nanini na xa ufunda iphepha leGrubbs okanye iGrubbs eluma isandi kwimithombo yeendaba, susa igama elithi "waqonda" kwaye ubone indlela eyahluke ngayo efundwayo- kunye nendlela ehambelana ngayo nolunye uphando ngeziyobisi ezingamanyala. Umzekelo, izivakalisi ezibini ezivela kwintshayelelo yephepha leGrubbs ngegama "eliqondwayo" lisusiwe:

Umlutha kwi-intanethi ye-intanethi ihambelana namanqanaba aphantsi okuphila. Uphando lwamva nje lufumene ukuba likhoboka le-porn elinxulumene noxinzelelo, uxinzelelo noxinzelelo (iGrubbs, iStauner, iSexline, iPargament, kunye neLindberg, 2015; IGrubbs, uVolk et al., 2015).

Ukuphelisa ibango elingaxhaswanga lokuba i-CPUI ivavanya "ukubonwa kweziyobisi ezingamanyala" kwaye sineziphumo zophando ezahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo kwaye akukho zihloko zikhohlisayo. Kwakhona, ezo zinto zifunyanisiweyo zeziyobisi ezingamanyala ezinxulunyaniswa noxinzelelo, uxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo ziyahambelana namashumi eminyaka "okwenyani," hayi "aqondwayo," uphando ngeziyobisi. Ukungakwazi ukulawula ukusetyenziswa koxinzelelo.

ICANDELO 2: IBANGELELO LAMANDLA? “Iiyure zokusebenzisa” kunye “neNkolo”

Ngokuchasene nebango likaGrubbs ukuba inani le-porn elijongwa lihambelana kakhulu namanqaku okufumana iziyobisi (i-CPUI)

Ngelixa siza kubona ukuba "iiyure zokusetyenziswa" azikaze zisetyenziswe njengommeli wedwa wokulutha, isandi sokubamba imithombo yeendaba sithi uGrubbs ufumene hayi ubudlelwane phakathi kwe "iiyure zokusetyenziswa kwe-porn" kunye namanqaku kuvavanyo lwe-porn (CPUI). Akunjalo. Masiqale ngeGrubb's Ucwaningo lwe-2013 eyalela (nge-fiat) i-CPUI-9 kuvavanyo "lokuqonda ukuba likhoboka lamanyala":

"Amanqaku kwi-CPUI-9 iyonke, ukunyanzeliswa kokunyanzeliswa, kunye neenzame zokufikelela kuzo zonke zinxulunyaniswa nokusetyenziswa okungamanyala kwe-Intanethi, kubonisa ukuba ukukhangela umlutha [inani elipheleleyo lePCUI] inxulumene nokusetyenziswa rhoqo. ”

Khumbula "ukubonwa njengekhoboka" kukufutshane ukuba umlinganiselo wePCUI. Njengoko kuchazwe ekuqaleni, isifundo se-2015 Grubbs lichazwe ukulungelelaniswa okunamandla phakathi kweeyure zokusetyenziswa kunye neenombolo ze-CPUI. Ukususela kwip. 6 kweso sifundo:

“Ukongeza, Ukuqhathaniswa kweentlophu zoononopopasho zemihla ngemihla zisebenziswa ngeeyure zazininzi kwaye zinxulumene kakuhle kunye nokuxinezeleka, uxhalaba, nomsindo, kunye kunye umlutha [umlinganiselo wePCUI]. "

Ngamanye amagama, ngokuchasene nezihloko kunye namabango kaGrubbs kumaphephandaba, amanqaku e-CPUI-9 ezifundo abekhona ngokuphawulekayo edityaniswa neeyure zokusebenzisa iphonografi. Kodwa "iphonografi yemihla ngemihla isebenzisa njani iiyure" xa ithelekiswa nenkolo? Yeyiphi ehambelana ngakumbi nenqaku elipheleleyo le-CPUI?

Siza kusebenzisa idatha kwiphepha laseGrubbs lika-2015 ("Ukugqithisa njengoMlutha: Ukukholelwa kobuNkokeli kunye nokuNqabileyo koMgaqo njengamaqhinga okuLungisa ukuTyekiswa koTyhila"), Njengoko iqulethe izifundo ezi-3 ezahlukeneyo kunye nesihloko sayo esivusa inkanuko sicebisa ukuba inkolo ibangela ukuba likhoboka leziyobisi. Itheyibhile 2 ngezantsi iqulethe idatha esuka kwizifundo ezihlukeneyo ze-2. Ezi nkcukacha zibonisa ukudibanisa phakathi kweenguqu ezimbalwa (iiyure zokusetyenziswa koonwabo, inkolo) kunye ne-CPUI izikolo (yonke i-CPUI-9 kwaye yaphulwa phantsi kwii-3 CPUI).

Iingcebiso zokuqonda amanani kwitafile: i-zero ithetha ukuba akukho ukulungiswa phakathi kweenguqu ezimbini; I-1.00 ithetha ukulungelelaniswa okupheleleyo phakathi kweenguqu ezimbini. Inkulu kakhulu inani elomeleleyo ukulungelelanisa phakathi kweenguqu ze-2. Ukuba inani linalo nciphisa uphawu, oko kuthetha ukuba kukho unxibelelwano olubi phakathi kwezinto ezimbini. (Umzekelo, kukho unxibelelwano olubi phakathi kokuzilolonga kunye nesifo sentliziyo. Ke, kulwimi oluqhelekileyo, umthambo uyawanciphisa amathuba esifo sentliziyo. Kwelinye icala, ukutyeba kakhulu kunento unxulumano oluhle ngesifo senhliziyo.)

Ukugqitywa apha ngezantsi kuhambelana phakathi lilonke Amanqaku e-CPUI-9 (# 1) kunye no "Sebenzisa ngeYure" (# 5) kunye ne- "Religiosity Index" (# 6) kwizifundo ezibini zeGrubbs:

Iintsebenziswano phakathi kwamaqela e-CPUI amaninzi kunye nenkolo:

• Isifundo 1: 0.25
• Isifundo 2: 0.35
  • umndilili: 0.30

Unxibelelwano phakathi kwamanqaku apheleleyo e-CPUI kunye "neeyure zokusetyenziswa kwe-porn":

• Isifundo 1: 0.30
• Isifundo 2: 0.32
  • umndilili 0.31

Ngokukrakra, izikolo ze-CPUI-9 zinalo kunamandla ubudlelwane kunye "neeyure zokusetyenziswa kwe-porn" kunakwinkolo! Beka ngokulula "iiyure zokusetyenziswa kwe-porn" kuqikelela ukuba likhoboka leziyobisi ungcono no Ngaba uyayithanda inkolo. Nangona kunjalo isifundo esibonisiweyo siyasiqinisekisa ukuba inkolo “ehambelana ngokugqithiseleyo nomlingo obonakalayo”(Amanqaku e-CPUI). Ukuba kunjalo, emva koko "iiyure zokusetyenziswa kwe-porn" ngokucacileyo "zinxulumene ngokuqinileyo" kumanqaku kwi-CPUI. Kuyathakazelisa ukuba ubudlelwane bezenkolo kunye neziyobisi ezingamanyala kugxininiswa njani, ngelixa Iiyure zokusetyenziswa zihoywa okanye zifihliwe ziphindwe kabini.

Ayikho enye indlela yokukutsho oku - Idatha kaGrubbs iyaphikisana namabango akhe kwimithombo yeendaba nakwizifundo zakhe. Ukuhlaziya inkumbulo yakho, amabango kaGrubbs kule Psychology Namhlanje inqaku:

Ukubizwa ngokuthi "umlutha wezobisi" ngumlingane, okanye nakweyedwa, Unayo nto ukukwenza kunye nenani leentlobano zesininzi umntu azijonga ngayo, utsho uJoshua Grubbs, unjingalwazi oncedisayo wezesayikethi kwi-Bowling Green University. Kunoko, ibe yonke into ukuyenza inkolo…

Enyanisweni, okuchaseneyo kuyinyani: ukuxhatshazwa koonobumba bunxulumene neeyure zokusetyenziswa kunokuba kunqulo. Icandelo elilandelayo liya kubonisa ukuba ngokwenene "Iziyobisi ezingamanyala," njengoko kulinganiswa ngemibuzo ye-CPUI 1-6, ikude Kaninzi inxulumene "neeyure zokusebenzisa iphonografi" kunokuba kunjalo kwinkolo.

Izifundo zikaGrubbs zibonisa ukuba ngokwenene Umlutha wobugqwetha uhambelana kakhulu "neeyure zokusetyenziswa koononophelo" kunokuba lunqulo

I-Grubbs ifumanise ukuba umlutha we-porn (amanqaku e-CPUI-9 amanqaku) ahambelana kakhulu "neeyure zangoku zokusetyenziswa kwe-porn" kunenkolo. Kodwa usenokuba ucinga,I-Grubbs yayilungile malunga nebango elilodwa: ukuxhatshazwa koonobumba (izikolo ze-CPUI) is ezinxulumene nenkolo. ” Hayi ncma. Kwicandelo elilandelayo siza kubona ukuba kutheni eli bango lingelilo le nto libonakalayo.

Ukuncamathela kumanani eGrubbs okwangoku, kukho ubudlelwane phakathi ngokwenene Iziyobisi ezingamanyala kunye nenkolo. Nangona kunjalo, ibuthathaka kakhulu kunokuba ibonisiwe kwicandelo elidlulileyo. Ngokubalulekileyo, unxibelelwano phakathi ngokwenene Umlutha we-porn kunye "neeyure zokusetyenziswa kwe-porn" zomelele kakhulu kunokuba kubonisiwe kwicandelo elidlulileyo.

Kuvavanyo olusondeleyo, imibuzo 1-6 ye-CPUI-9 ivavanya iimpawu kunye neempawu eziqhelekileyo kuzo zonke iziyobisi, ngelixa imibuzo 7-9 (Ukubandezeleka ngokweemvakalelo) kuvavanya ityala, iintloni kunye nokuzisola. Nje ngeziphumo, "ngokwenene likhoboka ”lihambelana ngokusondeleyo nemibuzo engu-1-6 (ukunyanzeliswa kunye neenzame zokufikelela).

Ukunyanzeliswa:

1. Ndiyakholwa ukuba ndiyilwaphulo loonografi.
2. Ndiziva ndikwazi ukuyeka ukusetyenziswa kwimizila engamanyala e-intanethi.
3. Nangona ndifuni ukujonga iifrafikhi kwi-intanethi, ndivakalelwa kuyo

Imizamo Yokufikelela:

4. Ngamanye amaxesha, ndizama ukulungiselela ishedyuli yam ukuze ndibe yedwa ukuze ndibukele iiporografi.
5. Ndenqabile ukuphuma kunye nabahlobo okanye ukuya kwimisebenzi ethile yentlalo ukuze ndibe nethuba lokujonga imifanekiso engamanyala.
6. Ndiyekile izinto ezibalulekileyo ekujongeni imifanekiso engamanyala.

Ukuxinzezeleka Kwengqondo:

7. Ndiyintloni emva kokubukela iifoto zoononophelo kwi-intanethi
8. Ndiziva ndixinezelekile emva kokubukela iphonografi kwi-intanethi.
9. Ndiziva ndigula emva kokujonga iifrafikhi kwi-intanethi.

Kuqala, makhe sihlolisise unxibelelwano phakathi kwecandelo ngalinye le-3 CPUI kunye ne-Religiosity. Kule tafile ilandelayo iigatshana ezintathu ze-CPUI zibalwa 2, 3 kunye ne-4, kwaye Ukholo Lwezenkolo inombolo ye6.

Ulungelelaniso phakathi kokuthembeka nokuQinisekisa okuPhezulu (imibuzo 1-3)

• Isifundo 1: 0.25
• Isifundo 2: 0.14
  • Umyinge: 0.195

Ulungelelaniso phakathi kweNkolo yokuThomba nokuFikelela kokuFika (imibuzo 4-6)

• Isifundo 1: 0.03
• Isifundo 2: 0.11
  • Umyinge: 0.07

Ulungelelaniso phakathi kokuxhalabisa kunye noxinzelelo lwengqondo (imibuzo 7-9)

• Isifundo 1: 0.32
• Isifundo 2: 0.45
  • Umyinge: 0.385

Ukufunyaniswa okubalulekileyo kukuba inkolo inxulumene kakhulu (.39) ukuba kuphela Icandelo lexinzelelo le-Emotional Distress le-CPUI-9: imibuzo 7-9, ecela abasebenzisi bezentlekisa indlela abaziva ngayo emva kokubukela i-porn (ihlazo, ixinezelekile okanye igula). Inkolo ayixhomekeke kakhulu kumacandelo amacandelo amabini (imibuzo 1-6) echanekileyo yokuvavanya ngokwenene Ukuxhatshazwa kocwangco: Ukunyanzelisa (.195) kunye neMigudu Yokufikelela (.07). Yenziwe lula: ihlazo kunye neengxaki zecala (7-9) zikhupha ngamandla i-CPUI yenani eliphezulu kubantu bezenkolo. Thatha imibuzo yehlazo ye-3 kunye nokulungelelaniswa phakathi kweenkolelo kunye ne-CPUI 0.13 nje.

Ukuphonononga imibuzo eyiyo ye-CPUI, kuyacaca ukuba imibuzo emi-3 “yokuFikelela kwiMizamo yokuFikelela” imibuzo emi-4 ukuya ku-6 ivavanya iikhrayitheriya zokulutha ikhona umlutha: "Ukungakwazi ukuyeka ngaphandle kweziphumo ezibi." Ukusetyenziswa okunyanzelekileyo luphawu lokulutha.

Ngokwahlukileyo, umbuzo #1 kwicandelo lokunyanzeliswa lixhomekeke kulo thobela ukutolikwa (“Ngaba bazive ulikhoboka? ”).

Ngoku, buyela kuleyo Imizamo yokufikelela kwimibuzo eyi-4-6, evavanya isimilo esithile, hayi iinkolelo okanye iimvakalelo. Ukuthathwa okuphambili: kukho unxibelelwano olubuthathaka kakhulu phakathi kweNkolo kunye nemibuzo emi-3 yokuFikelela kwiMizamo (kuphela i-0.07). Isishwankathelo, inkolo inokwenene kakhulu ngokwenene Iziyobisi. (Ngapha koko, kukho izizathu ezifanelekileyo zokucebisa ukuba kukho hayi ubudlelwane njengoko siza kubona kwicandelo elilandelayo.)

Okulandelayo, makhe sihlolisise unxibelelwano phakathi kwecandelo ngalinye le-3 CPUI kunye "neeYure zoSetyenziso lweTyala." Kule dilesi elandelayo iigatshana ezintathu ze-CPUI zibalwa 2, 3 kunye ne-4, kwaye "[Imifanekiso engamanyala] yisebenzise ngeeyure" inombolo ye5.

Unxibelelwano phakathi “[Iidemon] Sebenzisa kwiiyure”Kunye nokuqonda ukunyanzelwa (imibuzo 1-3)

• Isifundo 1: 0.25
• Isifundo 2: 0.32
  • Umyinge: 0.29

Unxibelelwano phakathi “[Iidemon] Sebenzisa kwiiyure”Kunye neMizamo yokuFikelela (imibuzo 4-6)

• Isifundo 1: 0.39
• Isifundo 2: 0.49
  • Umyinge: 0.44

Unxibelelwano phakathi “[Iidemon] Sebenzisa kwiiyure”Kunye noxinzelelo lweemvakalelo (imibuzo 7-9)

• Isifundo 1: 0.17
• Isifundo 2: 0.04
  • Umyinge: 0.10

Oku kuchasene ngqo noko sikubonile ngenkolo. "[Iidemon] Sebenzisa kwiiyure”Ulungelelwaniso kakhulu kakhulu ngePCUI imibuzo (1-6), kwakhona, ngokutsha ngokuchanekileyo ukuvavanya ngokwenene umlutha wezobisi (0.365). Okubaluleke ngakumbi, "[Iidemon] Sebenzisa kwiiyure”Ungqinelana Kaninzi ngokuqinileyo ngemibuzo ephambili ye-CPUI yesi-4-6 (0.44). Oku kuthetha ukuba ngokwenene Ukuxhatshazwa kocwangco (njengoko kuhlolwe ziziphathamandla) kuhambelana ngokuthe ngqo kwindlela eninzi umntu azijonga ngayo.

Kwelinye icala, "[Iidemon] Sebenzisa kwiiyure”Ayinabudlelane buthathaka (0.10) kwimibuzo "yoxinzelelo lweemvakalelo" (7-9). Le mibuzo ye-3 ibuza abasebenzisi be-porn ukuba kanjani bazive emva kokubukela ubuninzi beentlanzi (iintloni, ukuxinezeleka, okanye abagulayo). Isishwankathelo, ngokwenene I-1-6 inxulumene ngokugqithisileyo nomlinganiselo wezonunu ezibukwe, kodwa ihlazo kunye necala (7-9). Ukubeka le ndlela ngenye indlela, umlutha wobugqwetha unento eninzi yokwenza kunye nokujonga okungakanani i-porn, kwaye kuncinci ukukwenza ngehlazo (unqulo okanye ngenye indlela).

Isishwankathelo sezinto ezifunyenweyo zeGrubbs

1. Total Amanqaku e-CPUI-9 adityaniswa ngcono ne "[Iidemon] Sebenzisa kwiiyure”Kunokuba kunjalo ngenkolo. Oku kufumanisa ngokuthe ngqo kuphikisana namabango eendaba nguJoshua Grubbs.
2. Ukususa imibuzo emi-3 "yoxinzelelo lweemvakalelo" kukhokelela kubudlelwane obomelele ngakumbi phakathi "[Iidemon] Sebenzisa kwiiyure"Kunye ngokwenene ukuxhatshazwa koononophelo njengoko kuhlolwe imibuzo 1-6.
3. Ukususa imibuzo emi-3 "yoKhathazeka ngokweemvakalelo" (evavanya ihlazo kunye netyala) kukhokelela kubudlelwane obungenamandla phakathi konqulo kunye ngokwenene ukuxhatshazwa koononophelo njengoko kuhlolwe imibuzo 1-6.
4. Ubudlelwane obomeleleyo bukhona phakathi "kweeyure zokusetyenziswa kwe-porn" kunye ziphatha kakubi njengoko kuvavanywa yimibuzo ye "Imizamo yokufikelela" 4-6. Ukubeka ngokulula: iziyobisi ezingamanyala zihambelana kakhulu nemali ye-porn ejongiweyo.
5. Ubudlelwane phakathi "kwenkolo" kunye nokuziphatha gwenxa kweziyobisi (Imizamo yokuFikelela kwimibuzo eyi-4-6) akukho kwaphela (0.07). Beka ngokucacileyo: iimpawu ezinxulumene nomlutha, kunokuba kunqulo, uqikelele ukuba umlutha wezobisi. Ukunyaniseka kunokusondelene nantoni na ukuxhatshazwa koonwabo.  

Nantsi into enokugqitywa ngokuchanekileyo kwisifundo sikaGrubbs enokubonakala ngathi:

Okwenziweyo likhoboka lamanyala lihambelana ngokuqinileyo neeyure zokusebenzisa iphonografi kwaye zibuthathaka kakhulu ezinxulumene nenkolo. Iiyure zokusebenzisa iphonografi sesona silungileyo sokuxela iphonografi kunakwinkolo. Kutheni inkolo yonqulo inalo naluphi na ubudlelwane neziyobisi ezingamanyala. Isenokuba sisiphumo sesampulu ebekiweyo. Xa kuthelekiswa nabantu abangakholwayo, ipesenti esezantsi kakhulu yabantu abakholwayo bahlala bejonga iphonografi. Mhlawumbi le sampuli ikhutshiwe "yabasebenzisi bezononophelo zonqulo" iqulethe ipesenti ephezulu kakhulu yabantu abaneemeko esele zikho (i-OCD, i-ADHD, uxinzelelo, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, njl.) Okanye iimpembelelo zosapho / zemfuza eziqhelekileyo ezinxulumene nokulutha.

Ekugqibeleni, a kwamva nje (ngeqela elingelona iGrubbs) lihlolisise ubudlelwane phakathi kokusetyenziswa koonografi kunye nokwaneliseka ngokwesini / ukusebenza kusetyenziswa i-CPUI-9. Uphando lufumanise ukuba inani le-porn elisetyenzisiweyo lixhomekeke ngokufanelekileyo kwimibandela ye-1-6 (0.50), kodwa kungekho nxu lumene nemibuzo ye-7-9 (0.03). Oku kuthetha ukuba inani le-porn elisetyenzisiweyo liyinto enamandla kakhulu ekuphuhliseni umlutha wezobisi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ihlazo kunye netyala alinakunxulumene nokusetyenziswa koononophelo, kwaye kwakungekho nto enxulumene nokulutha kwezobisi.

Izifundo ziyaqaphela ukuba isixa sokusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana ayiyo ngokubhekiselele kumxholongwane wezobisi

Njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla, isixa se-porn esisetyenzisiweyo sihambelana kakhulu nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwe-porn kunokholo. Oko kwathiwa, kufuneka sijongane nokunyanzelisa kukaGrubbs ukuba iiyure zokusebenzisa iphonografi ziyafana "nokulutha kwezesondo." Oko kukuthi, ubungakanani "bokuba likhoboka lamanyala lokwenyani" luboniswe ngcono ngoku "ziiyure zangoku ze-intanethi zokubukela iphonografi," endaweni yokuvavanywa kweziyobisi ezingamanyala okanye ngeempawu ezibonisa amanyala.

Umngxunya kwezi zinto zisisiseko sombhali, onokuqhuba ngazo ilori, kukuba uphando kwi-intanethi kunye neziyobisi kwi-intanethi (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) libikile ukuba iintlobo zee-adware ze-intanethi azihambelani ngokuhambelanayo kunye neeyure zokusetyenziswa. Ngapha koko, iiyure zokusetyenziswa eziguquguqukayo linyathelo elingathembekiyo lokulutha. Izixhobo zovavanyo eziqinisekisiweyo zokuvavanya umlutha usebenzisa ezinye izinto ezininzi, ezinokuthenjwa (ezinje ngezo zidweliswe kumacandelo amabini okuqala e-CPUI). Ezi zilandelayo zifundo zokuxilwa kwe-cybersex, apho i-Grubbs ishiye, xela ubudlelwane obuncinci phakathi kweeyure kunye nezibonakaliso zokulutha:

1) Ukubukela Imifanekiso Engamanyala kwi-intanethi: Indima yeZingqinisiso zokuThatshazwa ngokwesondo kunye neZengqondo ze-Psychiatric Symptoms for Using Internet Sites Sites Excessively (2011)

"Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba iingxaki zokuzixela kubomi bemihla ngemihla ezinxulunyaniswa nezinto ezenziwa ngokwesondo kwi-Intanethi zaxelwa kwangaphambili ngamanqanaba ezesondo okuziphatha ngokwesondo, ubungqongqo behlabathi beempawu zengqondo, kunye nenani lezicelo zesondo ezisetyenziswa xa ubukwiisayithi zesini ze-Intanethi kubomi bemihla ngemihla , ngelixa ixesha elisetyenziselwa kwiisayithi zezesondo ze-intanethi (imizuzu ngemini) azizange zenze igalelo elikhulu ekuchazeni ukuhlukahluka kwi-Intanethi yokuThengiswa koLuntu kwiSondo (IATsex). Sibona ukufana phakathi kwengqondo kunye nokusebenza kwengqondo okunokuba negalelo ekugcineni isybersex egqithisileyo kunye nezo zichazwe kubantu abaxhomekeke kwiziyobisi. ”

2) Ukuxhaswa ngokwesondo kunye nokuxhatshazwa okungafanelekiyo Ukunqumanisa ukuxhatshazwa kwe-Cybersex kumadoda angqingili (2015)

"Iziphumo zamva nje zibonise umanyano phakathi kobukrakra beCyberSex (CA) kunye nezalathi zokuzonwabisa kwezesondo, kwaye ukujongana nokuziphatha ngokwesini kulamle ubudlelwane phakathi kokuzonwabisa ngokwesondo kunye neempawu zeCA. Iziphumo zabonisa unxibelelwano olomeleleyo phakathi kweempawu ze-CA kunye nezalathi zokuvuselela inkanuko yesini kunye nokuzonwabisa ngokwesondo, ukujongana nokuziphatha ngokwesondo, kunye neempawu zengqondo. I-CyberSex Addiction ayinakunxulumene nokuziphatha okungaxhomekanga kwizesondo kunye nexesha lokusebenzisa i-intanethi nge-weekly. "

3) Ziziphi izinto: Ubungakanani okanye umgangatho we-pornography? Izizathu zengqondo kunye neZenzo zokufuna unyango lweengxaki zoononografi Sebenzisa (2016)

Ngokwezifundo zethu ezilungileyo ngolu hlolo luhlolo lokuqala lokubambisana kwemibutho phakathi kobuninzi bokusetyenziswa koononophelo kunye nokuziphatha okwenene kunyango-ukufuna ukusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana ezinobunzima (kulinganiswa nokuhambela isazi sezengqondo, isifo sengqondo okanye isifo sengqondo ngenxa yale njongo). Iziphumo zethu zibonisa ukuba uphando lwexesha elizayo, kunye nonyango le ntsimi kufuneka igxininise ngakumbi kwimpembelelo ekusebenziseni ubugqwetha ebomini bomntu (ubunjani) kunokuba iimpawu zaso (ubuninzi), njengoko iimpawu ezingekho phantsi kokusetyenziswa koonobumba yokuziphatha.

Ulwalamano phakathi kwe-PU kunye neempawu ezimbi zazingqiniswanga kwaye zixubushe ngokuzimela ngokwabo, ngokuzimela (ukunganakali, ukungqinelana) phakathi kwabangenayo unyango. Phakathi kwabangenayo unyango lwenkolo abaxhomekeke kwiimpawu ezimbi.

4) Ukuhlolisisa i-Correlates yeengxaki ze-Intanethi ze-Intanethi Sebenzisa kwi-University Student (2016)

Amanqaku aphakamileyo kwimilinganiselo yokulutha kwe-intanethi yokusetyenziswa kweentlobo ze-intanethi yayihambelana nokusetyenziswa kwimihla ngemihla okanye ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kwe-intanethi ye-intanethi. Nangona kunjalo, iziphumo zibonisa ukuba kwakungekho nxu lumene phakathi kwexabiso kunye namaxesha amaninzi okusetyenziswa koonografi komntu ngamnye kwaye ulwa nexhala, ukuxinezeleka, kunye nobomi kunye nolwanelwane lobuhlobo. Ukubambisana okuphawulekayo kumanqaku aphezulu e-adware e-intanethi kuqukwa ukuqala kwangoko kwi-intanethi ye-intanethi, umlutha wemidlalo yevidiyo kunye nokuba yindoda. Nangona ezinye iziphumo ezintle zentengiso ye-intanethi ziye zabhalwa kwiincwadi zangaphambili zethu iziphumo azibonakalisi ukuba ukusebenza kweengqondo kukuphucula kunye nokusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kwe-intanethi ye-intanethi.

5) Ukubukela iinthombe zoononopasho ze-Intanethi: Ngoobani Ubunzima, njani, kwaye kutheni? (2009)

Olu pho nonongo luphanda ukusabalalisa kweengxaki zoonopopasho ze-intanethi ezijongene neengxaki, indlela enengxaki ngayo kunye neenkqubo zengqondo ezijongene nengxaki kwisampula se-84 yobudala beekholeji ngokusebenzisa inzululwazi engaziwa kwi-intanethi. Kufunyenwe ukuba malunga ne-20% -60% yesampuli ejonga iifrafikhi ikufumanisa ukuba yingxaki ngokuxhomekeka kwi-domain yesithakazelo. Kule sifundo, inani lokubukela alizange liqikelele iqondo leengxaki eziye zenzeka.

Ngaloo ndlela, ukususela ekuqaleni kwesi sifundo kunye neziqinisekiso zalo ziyawa kuba izigqibo zalo zihlala ekulinganiseni iiyure ezikhoyo zokusetyenziswa kunye nenqanaba lomlutha / iingxaki / iingxakeko ezichazwe zizifundo njengomlinganiselo ochanekileyo wokulutha.

Kutheni le nto iingcali zeziyobisi zingaxhomekeki kuphela kwiiyure zokusetyenziswa?

Khawufane ucinge xa ​​uzama ukuvavanya ubukho bomlutha ngokubuza nje, "Zingaphi iiyure ozichitayo ngoku usitya (umlutha wokutya)?" okanye "Zingaphi iiyure ozichitha ungcakaza (ukongeza ukungcakaza)?" okanye "Uchitha iiyure ezingaphi usela (utywala)?" Ukubonisa indlela ingxaki "iiyure zokusetyenziswa" ezinokubonisa ngayo ukuba likhoboka, jonga utywala njengomzekelo:

1. Umntu oneminyaka eyi-45 ubudala waseNtaliyane unesithethe sokuphuza iiglasi ze-2 zewayini ubusuku bonke ngokutya. Isidlo sakhe sinokutshatyalaliswa kwintsapho yakhe kwaye kuthatha iiyure ze-3 ukugqiba (ezininzi i-yakking). Ngoko usela amaxesha e-3 ebusuku, i-21 ngeyure ngeveki.
2. Umsebenzi oneminyaka engama-25 osebenza kumzi-mveliso usela kuphela ngeempelaveki, kodwa uzinkcinkca ngotywala ngoLwesihlanu nangoMgqibelo ebusuku ukuya kwinqanaba lokudlula okanye lokugula. Uyazisola ngezenzo zakhe kwaye ufuna ukuyeka, kodwa akakwazi, uqhuba enxilile, uyalwa, ulwa ngokwesini, njl. Nangona kunjalo, wachitha iiyure ezisi-8 kuphela ngeveki esela.

Ngowuphi umntu oselayo onengxaki? Ngaba iluncedo kangakanani ukusebenzisa "iiyure zokusetyenziswa" kwikhoboka lokungcakaza? Thatha aba babini bangcakazi;

1. Utitshala osele esidla umhlala-phantsi ohlala eLas Vegas. Yena nabahlobo bakhe abathathu bahlala bechitha iimvakwemini phakathi evekini bedlala umatshini wokudlala we-nickel kunye nevidiyo-ekubheja kwiindawo zokungcakaza ezahlukeneyo ezingatshayiyo. Emva koko bahlala betya isidlo sangokuhlwa kwi-CircusCircus $ 9.99 buffet. Ilahleko iyonke inokuphakama ibe yi- $ 5.00, kodwa bahlala beqhekeza. Ixesha lilonke ngeveki - iiyure ezingama-25.
2. Umbane oneminyaka engama-43 ubudala kunye nezingane ezi-3 eziselula, ngoku uhlala yedwa kwi-motele ye-seedy. Ukubheja iiponi kukhokelele kuqhawulo-mtshato, ukuphulukana nemisebenzi, ukubhengezwa, ukungakwazi ukuhlawula inkxaso yabantwana, kunye nokuphulukana namalungelo okundwendwela. Ngelixa etyelela umkhondo kathathu kuphela ngeveki, malunga neeyure ezi-3 ngalo lonke ixesha, ukungcakaza kwakhe okukhohlakeleyo kubonakalisile ubomi bakhe. Akanakuyeka kwaye ucinga ngokuzibulala. Ixesha lilonke lokungcakaza ngeveki- iiyure ezi-2.

Kodwa, uyazibuza, ngokuqinisekileyo inani leziyobisi ezisetyenzisiweyo kufuneka lilingane nenqanaba lomlutha? Akunjalo. Ngokomzekelo, izigidi zabantu baseMelika abanentlungu engapheliyo abasebenzisi be-opioids (i-Vicodin, iOxycontin) rhoqo. Ubuchopho babo kunye nezicubu ziye zaxhomekeke kumzimba, kwaye ukuyeka ukusetyenziswa kwangangoko kunokubangela ukuba ihoxise impawu ezinzima. Nangona kunjalo, ezimbalwa izigulane ezingapheliyo zizilwelwe. Umlutha uquka ukutshintsha kweengqondo ezininzi ezizinzileyo ezikhokelela kwiimpawu kunye neempawu zeengcali eziqaphela ukuba ziyingozi. (Ukuba ukwahlukana akucaci, ndincoma oku inkcazelo elula yiNIDA.) Ininzi yezigulane ezingapheliyo ziza kutshabalalisa izidakamizwa zabo ngenjongo yokutshintsha ubomi obungenabuhlungu obubuhlungu. Oku kwahluke kakhulu kumlutha opioid oyinyaniso ohlala esengozini yonke into ukuze aqhubeke nomlutha.

Akukho "iiyure zangoku zokusetyenziswa" okanye "isixa esisetyenzisiweyo" sisodwa sinokusazisa ukuba ngubani olikhoboka kwaye ngubani ongekho. Kukho isizathu sokuba "ukusetyenziswa okuqhubekekayo ngaphandle kwemiphumo emibi" kunceda iingcali zichaze ukuba likhoboka, kwaye "iiyure zangoku zokusetyenziswa" azenzi. Khumbula, imibuzo emi-3 “yokuFikelela kwiMizamo yokuFikelela” ye-CPUI yavavanya "ukungakwazi ukumisa ngaphandle kweziphumo ezibi." Kwiidatha zikaGrubbs, le mibuzo yayiyeyona nto yayiqikelela kakhulu ngokwenene umlutha wezobisi.

Okukwintsusa: Izimangalo zikaGrubbs zixhomekeke "kwiiyure zangoku zokusetyenziswa" kuphela komgaqo osemthethweni wokufumana iziyobisi. Abekho. Nokuba iiyure zokusetyenziswa bezingummeli weziyobisi, Izifundo ezigcweleyo zikaGrubbs zibonisa ukuba "iiyure zangoku zokusetyenziswa kwe-porn" zinxulumene kakhulu namanqaku e-CPUI-9 (okt, "abonwa" likhoboka). Okubaluleke ngakumbi, "iiyure zokusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana ezingamanyala" zixhomekeke kunene kweziyobisi ezingamanyala (imibuzo ye-CPUI 1-6) kunokuba kunjalo kwinkolo. Ke izigqibo zikaGrubbs zombini azinyani kwaye azisekelwanga kwisayensi esele ikho.

"Iiyure zangoku zokusebenzisa iphonografi" zishiya izinto ezininzi

Ingxaki yesibini yendlela kukuba iGrubbs yavavanya ukusetyenziswa kwe-porn ngokubuza izifundo malunga "neeyure zabo zangoku zokusebenzisa iphonografi." Lo mbuzo awucacanga. Ixesha elingakanani? Isifundo esinye sinokucinga ukuba “Ndisebenzise malini izolo?” enye "kule veki iphelileyo?" okanye "ngokomndilili okoko ndigqibe kwelokuba ndiyeke ukubukela ngenxa yeziphumo ezingafunekiyo?" Isiphumo sedatha engenakuthelekiswa kwaye ayinakuhlaziywa ngenjongo yokufikelela kwizigqibo ezinokuthenjwa, kungasathethwa ke ngezigqibo ezinkulu, ezingasekelwanga ezenziwa nguGrubbs.

Okubaluleke ngakumbi, umbuzo "wokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwe-porn", apho izigqibo zophando zihlala khona, uyasilela ukubuza malunga nezinto eziphambili ekusebenziseni iphonografi: ukusetyenziswa kobudala kwaqala, iminyaka yokusetyenziswa, nokuba umsebenzisi uye wenyuka waya kuhlobo lwentando yamanyala okanye wavelisa iimfesane ezingalindelekanga , Umlinganiso we-ejaculation kunye ne-porn ukuya kwi-ejaculation ngaphandle kwayo, ubungakanani bezesondo kunye neqabane lokwenyani, njalo njalo. Leyo mibuzo inokusikhanyisela ngakumbi malunga nokuba ngubani onengxaki yokusetyenziswa kwe-porn kunokuba "iiyure zangoku zokusetyenziswa."

ICANDELO 3: Ngaba ukukholelwa kwiNkolo ehambelana nokubhekiselele koTywala?

Intshayelelo: Ubungqina obunqununu obuvela kwi-therapists bubonisa ukuba kukho abathengi bazive umlutha woononophala, kodwa ujonge ngamanye amaxesha. Kungenzeka ukuba abanye babaxhasi benkolo kwaye banetyala kunye neentloni ezijikeleze ukusebenzisa kwabo i-porn ngamanye amaxesha. Ngaba aba bantu babandezeleka kuphela "kukuqonda ukuba likhoboka" kwaye ayisiyiyo le nto iphambili? Mhlawumbi kunjalo. Oko kwathiwa, aba bantu bafuna ukuyeka okwangoku bayaqhubeka nokusebenzisa iphonografi. Nokuba ngaba "abasebenzisi be-porn ngamanye amaxesha" balikhoboka lokwenyani okanye baziva benetyala kunye neentloni, inye into eqinisekileyo: iGrubbs CPUI akakwazi Ukwahlula "ukubonwa njengekhoboka" kokulutha kwaba bantu okanye omnye umntu.

Imibuzo yesithathu ye-CPUI ihlola ukuzisola kunye nehlazo, okubangelwa amanqaku aphezulu kubantu abanqulo

Ngenxa yokuba i-3 yokugqibela yemibuzo ye-9 ye-CPUI ivavanya ityala, ihlazo kunye nokuzisola, abasebenzisi bezononophelo bezenkolo ze-CPUI amanqaku athambekele phezulu. Umzekelo, ukuba umntu ongakholelwayo kubukho bukaThixo kunye nomKristu ozinikeleyo unamanqaku afanayo kwimibuzo ye-CPUI 1-6, kuyacaca ukuba umKristu uya kuphelela kumanqaku aphezulu e-CPUI-9, emva kokuba imibuzo 7-9 yongezwa.

7. Ndiyintloni emva kokubukela iifoto zoononophelo kwi-intanethi
8. Ndiziva ndixinezelekile emva kokubukela iphonografi kwi-intanethi.
9. Ndiziva ndigula emva kokujonga iifrafikhi kwi-intanethi.

Iziphumo zikaGrubbs zokwenyani zezi zo lonwabo abasebenzisi Unokuziva unetyala malunga nokusetyenziswa koononophelo (imibuzo ye-7-9), kodwa ayilona mlutha (imibuzo 4-6).

Ekugqibeleni, konke esinokukuthabatha kwizifundo zikaGrubbs kukuba abanye abasebenzisi benkolo ye-porn bazisola kwaye baneentloni. Akumangalisi apho. Kuba ipesenti esezantsi kakhulu yabantu abakholwayo basebenzisa iphonografi, iziphumo zikaGrubb azisixeleli nto malunga nabantu benkolo bebonke. I ngongoma ephambili: I-Grubbs isebenzisa isampuli ekhethiweyo yezifundo zonqulo-i-porn isebenzisa ubuncinci-ukubanga ukuba umlutha we-porn unxulumene nenkolo.

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba iphepha lemibuzo lovavanyo lolunye uhlobo lweziyobisi alufane lube nemibuzo malunga netyala kunye neentloni. Ngokuqinisekileyo, akukho yenza enye yesithathu yemibuzo yabo malunga necala kunye nehlazo. Ngokomzekelo, iimpawu ze-DSM-5 kwi-Alcohol Use Disorder iqulethe i-11 imibuzo. Kodwa akukho namnye kwimibuzo ovavanya ukuzisola okanye ityala emva kokuzinkcinkca ngotywala. Kananjalo iphepha lemibuzo le-DSM-5 lemibuzo yokuNgcakaza elinombuzo omnye malunga nokuzisola, ityala okanye ihlazo. Endaweni yoko, zombini ezi DSM-5 zemibuzo yokulutha zigxininisa ukungasebenzi ziphatha, efana nemibuzo 4-6 ye-CPUI-9:

4. Ngamanye amaxesha, ndizama ukulungiselela ishedyuli yam ukuze ndibe yedwa ukuze ndibukele iiporografi.
5. Ndenqabile ukuphuma kunye nabahlobo okanye ukuya kwimisebenzi ethile yentlalo ukuze ndibe nethuba lokujonga imifanekiso engamanyala.
6. Ndiyekile izinto ezibalulekileyo ekujongeni imifanekiso engamanyala.

Khumbula, imibuzo ye-CPUI 4-6 inxulumene kakhulu "neeYure zoSetyenziso lweTyala" langoku kunayo nayiphi na enye into (0.44). Intsingiselo yokuba "iiyure zokusetyenziswa" yeyona nto iqikelela ukuba ngokwenene Iziyobisi ezingamanyala kwidatha yeGrubbs. Kwelinye icala, imibuzo eyi-4-6 ayinanto yakwenza “nenkolo” (0.07). Kuthetha ukuba inkolo ayihambelani nesiyobisi se-porn. Ubudlelwane obuncinci phakathi konqulo kunye nokwenyani kweziyobisi ezingamanyala kusenokwenzeka ukuba buchazwe bhetele kwisampulu kaGrubb kunye nezinye izinto ezixoxwe ngezantsi.

Ukunyaniseka akuchazi ukuba umlutha wobugqwetha. Akunjalo na.

KwiCandelo 2 sichaze ukuba "iiyure zokusetyenziswa kwe-porn" zazinxulumene kakhulu namanqaku e-CPUI-9 ewonke kunenkolo. Okanye umphandi angathi: "Iiyure zokusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana ezingamanyala" zixele kwangaphambili ukuba likhoboka lezesondo elingcono kunenkolo. Sikwachaze ukuba unxibelelwano phakathi ngokwenene Ukuxhatshazwa koonwabo (i-CPUI imibuzo ye-4-6) kunye neNkolo yobuNtu 0.07, ngelixa ulungelelwaniso lokwenyani lweziyobisi ezingamanyala (imibuzo ye-CPUI 4-6) kunye "neeyure zokusebenzisa iphonografi" 0.44. Ukubeka enye indlela: "Iiyure zokusebenzisa iphonografi" kuqikelelwe ukuba likhoboka lamanyala i-600 +% ngaphezulu ngakumbi kunakwinkolo.

Oko kwathiwa, i-Grubbs isabika ubuhlobo obuthathaka phakathi kokunqula kunye nemibuzo engundoqo yomlingo 4-6 (0.07). Ingaba iGrubbs ilungile, ukuba inkolo inqabisa ukuxhatshazwa koonobumba? Hayi, inkolo ayinakulingela ukuxhatshazwa koononopopayi. Ngokuchaseneyo. Abantu abanonqulo abasenakukwazi ukusebenzisa iifostile kwaye ke bancitshiswa kakhulu ukuba babe yizilwanyana ezingamanyala.

Izifundo zikaGrubbs abazange basebenzise isahluko esiphambene nabantu. Kunoko, kuphela abasebenzisi bezononophelo (abakholwayo okanye abangahloneliyo) baxoxwa. Ukuxhaswa kweengxelo kubonisa izinga eliphantsi kakhulu lokusetyenziswa koononophelo kubantu abanqulo xa kuthelekiswa nabantu abangabonqulo (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24)

Isampulu kaGrubbs yabasebenzisi bezononophelo zonqulo ke ngenxa yoko ipesenti yamadoda enkolo asebenzisa iphonografi. Ngokulula, Unqulo lukhusela ukuxhatshazwa koonwabo.

Ngokomzekelo, lo uphando lwe-2011 (I-Cyber ​​Pornography Sebenzisa i-Inventory: Ukuthelekiswa neSampula yeNkolo kunye neSebenzi) yabika ipesenteji yamadoda ekholeji nabafundi beekholeji ubuncinane kanye ngeveki:

• Iqela: 54%
• Unqulo: 19%

Olunye uphando kwiikholeji abadala benkolo (Ndiyakholelwa ukuba ayilunganga kodwa ndiyayenza-Thelekisa abafana abancinci abakholwayo abenza ngokuchaseneyo abayisebenzisi iphonografi, i-2010) ibonisa ukuba:

• I-65% yabaselula benkolo babika ukuba bangabonanga noonografi kwiinyanga ezidlulileyo ze-12
• I-8.6% ibike ukubukela ezimbini okanye ezintathu iintsuku ngenyanga
• I-8.6% ibike ukubukela imihla ngemihla okanye yonke imihla

Ngokwahlukileyo, uphando lwezicwangciso ze-college-age men report the rates of high view of pornography (I-US-2008: 87%, I-China-2012: 86%, ENetherlands - 2013 (iminyaka eyi-16) - 73%). Ngamafutshane, unikwe ukuba uninzi lwekholeji yobudala, amadoda enkolo kunqabile ukuba abukele iphonografi, isampulu ekujoliswe kuyo kaGrubbs "yabasebenzisi bezononophelo bezenkolo" ayifakwanga, ngelixa isampulu yakhe "yabasebenzisi be-porn zehlabathi" imelwe ngokufanelekileyo.

Ngoku siya kubangelwa izizathu ezimbalwa zokuba kutheni abasebenzisi bezononophelo bezonqulo bangabhola amanqaku aphakamileyo kwiimbuzo zemibuzo yezilwanyana ezingamanyala.

#1) Unqulo abasebenzisi boononophelo zinokuthi zibe neerhafu eziphezulu zeemeko zangaphambili

Njengoko uninzi lwabadala beekholeji, abazalwana abanqabile bajonga ii-porno, i-Grubbs kunye ULeonhardt, et al. iisampulu ekujoliswe kuzo "zabasebenzisi be-porn zonqulo" zimele iqaqobana labemi bezenkolo. Ngokwahlukileyo, iisampulu "zabasebenzisi be-porn zehlabathi" zihlala zimela uninzi lwabantu abangakholwayo.

Ininzi ininzi yabasebenzisi bezononophelo zonqulo bathi bangakuthandi ukubukela i-pornography (100% in kwesi sifundo). Ke kutheni aba basebenzisi babukele? Kusenokwenzeka ukuba isampulu engameliyo "yabasebenzisi be-porn zonqulo" iqulethe ipesenti ephezulu kakhulu yesilayidi sabantu bonke abalwa neemeko esele zikhona okanye iimeko ezihlekisayo. Ezi meko zihlala zikho kumlutha (okt i-OCD, uxinzelelo, uxinzelelo, uxinzelelo lwentlalontle, i-ADHD, iimbali zosapho zokulutha, ukonzakala komntwana okanye ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo, ezinye iziyobisi, njl.njl.).

Le nto yodwa ingachaza ukuba kutheni abasebenzisi bezononophelo bezenkolo, njengeqela, bafumana amanqaku angaphezulu kwi-questionnaire ye-Grubbs ye-addiction. Le ngcamango ixhaswa zifundo kufuna unyango Ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo / ngokocansi (esinokulindela ukuba sichotho ngokungafaniyo kwinqanaba elincinciweyo). Abafuna ukwelashwa babonisa hayi ubudlelwane phakathi kobuxoki kunye nemilinganiselo yokulutha kunye nenkolo (Ucwaningo lwe-2016 1, Ucwaningo lwe-2016 2). Ukuba izigqibo zikaGrubbs zazisemthethweni, ngokuqinisekileyo siza kubona inani elingalinganiyo labasebenzisi be-porn abafuna inkathalo. Le hypothesis ixhaswe zizifundo kunyango olufuna iphonografi / iziyobisi ngokwesini ezingabonakalisi budlelwane phakathi kwenkolo kunye nemilinganiselo yokulutha kunye nenkolo (Ucwaningo lwe-2016 1, Ucwaningo lwe-2016 2).

#2) Kumanqanaba aphakamileyo oononophelo basebenzisa abantu bezenkolo babuyele kwizenzo zonqulo kwaye inkolo ibaluleke ngakumbi

le Ucwaningo lwe-2016 kubasebenzisi bezononophelo zonqulo uxele ukufumanisa okungaqhelekanga ukuba kukodwa kunokuchaza ulungelelwaniso oluncinci lukaGrubbs phakathi ngokwenene ukuxhatshazwa koonwabo kunye nenkolo. Ubudlelwane phakathi kokusetyenziswa koononophelo kunye nokukholelwa kwinqanaba leenkolelo. Njengoko ukusetyenziswa kobugqwetha kwanda, inkqubo yonqulo kunye nokubaluleka kwenkolo kuncipha -Ukuya kwinqanaba. Kodwa xa umntu onqulo eqala ukusebenzisa iphonografi kanye okanye kabini ngeveki le patheni iyazibuyisa: Umsebenzisi we-porn uqala ukuya ecaweni rhoqo kwaye ukubaluleka kwenkolo ebomini bakhe kuyanda. Inkcazo evela kwisifundo:

"Nangona kunjalo, ifuthe lemifanekiso engamanyala ebisetyenziswa ngaphambili kwinkonzo yecawa nasemthandazweni yayiyeyona nto iphambili: Ukuya kwinkonzo kunye nokuthandaza kuyehla ukuya kwinqanaba kwaye kwandiswe kwinqanaba eliphezulu lokubukela iphonografi."

Eli grafu, elifundwa kulolu cwaningo, lifanisa ukuhamba kwenkonzo kunye nenani lezonyango ezisetyenziswayo:

Kubonakala ngathi njengokuba abantu abasebenzisa i-porno ngokonqulo bekhula ngaphandle kolawulo, babuyela kwinkolo njengendlela yokujongana nokuziphatha kwabo okuyingxaki. Ayothusi le nto, njengoko amaqela amaninzi okulungisa iziyobisi asekwe kumanqanaba ali-12 abandakanya icandelo lokomoya okanye lenkolo. Umbhali wephepha ucebise oku njengenkcazo enokwenzeka:

… Izifundo zokulutha zibonisa ukuba abo baziva bengenakunceda kwikhoboka labo bahlala becela uncedo olungaphaya kwendalo. Ewe, iinkqubo ezinamanyathelo alishumi elinambini ezifuna ukunceda abantu abajamelana neziyobisi zikho kuyo yonke indawo zibandakanya iimfundiso zokuzinikezela kumandla aphezulu, kunye nenani elinyukayo leenkqubo ezingama-XNUMX zamaKristu ezilondolozayo zenza olu nxibelelwano lucace gca. Kunokwenzeka ukuba abantu abasebenzisa iphonografi kumanqanaba agqithisileyo (okt, basebenzise amanqanaba anokuba luphawu lokunyanzelwa okanye umlutha) bayatyhalwa kwinkolo ngokuhamba kwexesha kunokuba bashenxiswe kuyo.

Lo mzekelo wabasebenzisi bezononophelo bezenkolo ababuyela ezinkolelweni zabo njengokuba umlutha uyingozi kakhulu kunokucacisa ngokulula ukulungelelanisa phakathi kokunyaniseka kwezilonda kunye nokukholelwa kwenkohlakalo.

# 3) Ngokwahlukileyo kwizifundo zonqulo, ukusebenzisa iphonografi kunokungaziboni iimpembelelo ze-porn kuba abazami ukuyeka

Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba abasebenzisi bezononophelo bezenkolo bafumana amanqaku aphezulu kwimibuzo yemibuzo engamanyala ngenxa yokuba bazamile ukuyeka, ngokungafani nabazalwana babo? Ngokwenza njalo baya kuba nakho ukufumanisa imiqondiso kunye neempawu zokuziphatha gwenxa kwe-porn njengoko kuvavanywa yi ULeonhardt, et al. Mibuzo ye-5.

Ngokusekwe kwiminyaka yokujonga iiforamu zokubuyisa iphonografi kwi-Intanethi, sicebisa ukuba abaphandi mabahlule abasebenzisi abaye bazama ukuyeka iphonografi kwabo bangakhange babenze, xa bebabuza malunga neziphumo zabo zokuzijonga. Ngokwesiqhelo imeko yokuba abasebenzisi be-porn banamhlanje (bobabini abenkolo kunye nabangakholwayo) banokuqonda okuncinci kwiziphumo ze-intanethi kubo kude kube emva bazama ukuyeka (kwaye badlule nayiphi na iimpawu zokuhoxiswa).

Ngokubanzi, abasebenzisi be-agnostic be-porn bakholelwa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-porn akunabungozi, ngenxa yoko abanasizathu sokuyeka… de babe bangena kwiimpawu ezinganyamezelekiyo (mhlawumbi, ukukhathaza uxinzelelo lwentlalontle, ukungakwazi ukulala ngesondo kunye neqabane lokwenyani okanye ukunyuka komxholo abakufumanayo kuyadida / kuyaphazamisa. okanye ubungozi kakhulu). Ngaphambi kwelo tshintsho, ukuba ubabuza malunga nokusetyenziswa kwabo kwe-porn, baya kunika ingxelo yokuba konke kulungile. Ngokwendalo bacinga ukuba "ngabasebenzisi nje," abanokuyeka nanini na, kwaye iimpawu abanazo, ukuba zikhona, zibangelwa yinto ethile enye. Ihlazo? Nope.

Ngokwahlukileyo, abaninzi abasebenzisi bezononophelo zonqulo baye baxwayiswa ukuba ukusebenzisa iifostile kuyingozi. Ngako-ke, baninzi amathuba okusebenzisa ubulili obungaphantsi kwaye bazama ukunikela, mhlawumbi ngaphezu kweyodwa. Ezi zilingo zokuyeka i-intanethi ye-intanethi zikhanyisa kakhulu, njengoko kubangelwa ukuba abasebenzisi bezononophelo (unqulo okanye ungekho) bafumanisa:

1. Kunzima kangakanani ukuyeka (ukuba banomlutha)
2. Ukusetyenziswa kobugqwetha kubathintele kangakanani, ngokwasemzimbeni, ngokwesondo nangenye indlela (kaninzi ngenxa yokuba iimpawu ziqala ukuyeka emva kokuyeka)
3. [Kwimeko yeempawu ezinjalo] Indlela ukuhoxiswa ngayo kungenza iimpawu zibe zibi ngakumbi ixesha elithile, ngaphambi kokuba ubuchopho buyabuyisela
4. Kubi kangakanani xa befuna ukuncama into kwaye bangakwazi (Yiyo lihlazo, kodwa hayi "inkolo / isondo" Uninzi lwazo zonke iziyobisi ngelishwa ziziva zineentloni xa ziziva zingenamandla okuyeka, nokuba ziyayithanda na.)
5. Ukuze babe nesifiso esinamandla sokusebenzisa iifostile. Iminqweno ivame ukunyuka ngokukhawuleza ngeveki okanye ukuyeka ixesha elide ekusebenziseni ubulili.

Amava anje enza ukuba abo bazamile ukuyeka ukulumka ngakumbi malunga nokusetyenziswa kwe-porn. Kuba abasebenzisi bezenkolo ngakumbi baya kwenza uvavanyo olunje, izixhobo zengqondo ziya kubonisa ukuba banenkxalabo yokusebenzisa kwabo iphonografi kunabo bangengabo abenkolo - nangona besebenzisa iphonografi!

Ngamanye amagama, akufuneki abaphandi baphande nokuba ngamanye amaxesha ngabasebenzisi be-porn ukungaqondi kakuhle Ukusetyenziswa kwe-porn kungenabungozi, endaweni yokucinga ukuba ngabantu abakholwayo ababuqondayo ubukho beengxaki ezinxulumene ne-porn nangona besebenzisa kancinci? Umlutha, emva kwayo yonke loo nto, awuvavanywa ngokusekwe kubungakanani okanye rhoqo kusetyenziso, kodwa endaweni yoko kuyimpembelelo.

Kukho nawuphi na, ukuhluleka ukuhlukanisa abo baye bazama ukuyeka kwabo bangenawo, kukudibanisa okukhulu ukuzama ukufikelela kwizigqibo malunga neempembelelo phakathi kobuxoki, ukuhlazeka kunye nokusetyenziswa koonwabo. Kulula ukuyitolika gwenxa idatha njengobungqina bokuba “inkolo yenza abantu baxhalabele iphonografi nokuba basebenzisa ngaphantsi kunabanye, kwaye ukuba bebengengabo abenkolo abazukukhathazeka. ”

Isiphetho esisiso sisenokuba sesokuba abo bazamile ukuyeka, kwaye bafumanisa ukuba la manqaku angentla axhalabile, kwaye inkolo sisizathu nje sokwenza kwabo olo vavanyo (kwaye ngenye indlela ubukhulu becala alunamsebenzi). Kuyadimaza ukubona iingcali zengqondo zenza unxibelelwano olulula nenkolo / nokomoya kwaye zenze izigqibo "ezihlazo", ngaphandle kokuqonda ukuba bathelekisa "iiapile" kunye "neeorenji" xa bethelekisa abasebenzisi abaye bazama ukuyeka kunye nabasebenzisi abangakhange benze njalo. Kwakhona, kuphela abo baqala ukufumana ingozi kunye nokuphazamiseka kokusetyenziswa koononophelo ngokucacileyo, nokuba okanye bengenayo inkolo.

Oku kuphazamiseka kukuxhaphazwa ngabo bafuna ukugqithisa ingqalelo kwiimpawu ezinzima abasebenzisi abangabonqulo abahlala benamava. Abasebenzisi be-Agnostic bavame ukuba nezibonakaliso ezinzima ngexesha do ukuyeka, ngenxa yokuba bathambekele ekuyekeni kwindawo esezantsi kwimpawu ezantsi kunabasebenzisi bezononophelo benkolo. Kutheni le nto abaphandi bengafundi ngale nto?

Ngapha koko, besizakubheja eso sabelo sengonyama sabo banabo ukuxhatshazwa kwezesondo zoxhatshazo i-agnostics. Ngoba? Ngenxa yokuba abangenayo inkolo bathambekele ekuqinisekiseni ukungenakonakala kwintsebenziswano ye-intanethi eqhubekayo ukuyisebenzisa ngokugqithiseleyo iimpawu zokulumkisa, njengokunyuka kokuxhalaba kwezenhlalakahle, ukunyuka kwezinto eziphathekayo, ukunganakwa, ukufumana ingxaki ekufezeni ukulungiswa ngaphandle koononophelo, kunzima ukusebenzisa iikhondom okanye ukuqhwabalala kunye nomlingane, njalo njalo.

Inyani yile, nokuba yinto eqhelekileyo, okanye ayifane yenzeke, ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwe-porn kunokubeka abanye abasebenzisi kwisini esingabaphazamisi zesini kunye nokwaneliseka kobudlelwane. Nantsi akhawunti enye. Ukunyuka kwimixholo yezononwabo eyayingenakunandipha okanye ukuphinda ixhaphake isiqingatha sabasebenzisi be-intanethi. Ngamafutshane, njengoko kuthethwe ngentla, ukusetyenziswa okungaqhelekanga akukho i-panacea. Abo bangasisebenzisi rhoqo kodwa banenkxalabo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwabo koononophala banokuba nezizathu ezifanelekileyo zokuxhalabela ngokusekelwe kwiimvavanyo zabo, ngokungafani nento abaziva ngayo ngeentlobano zesini ngexesha leenkonzo zonqulo.

Ngaba kungcono ukwakhiwa kophando olucela abasebenzisi bezonyango (bobabini benkolo kunye nenye indlela) ukuba bayeke uonobumba ngexesha kunye nokuthelekisa amava abo kunye nokulawula? Yabona Ukuphelisa i-Intanethi engapheliyo I-Iphonyayili Yisebenzise Ukutyhila Imiphumo Yayo malunga noyilo lokufunda.

#4) Izizathu zebhaloji zokuba kutheni abasebenzisi abangabonakaliyo bezononophelo bangaphumelela phezulu kwiimbuzo zemibuzo yokuxhatshazwa koonwabo

Ukusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana ze-intanethi rhoqo kwi-intanethi kuneengozi eziqhelekileyo kubasebenzisi abaninzi banamhlanje. Ezi ziquka ukunyuka kwezinto ezigqithiseleyo, ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesini kunye nolwalamano olusenyongweni, ukuxhatshazwa, kunye / okanye ukulahleka ngokukodwa kwintsebenziswano (kunye ne-anorgasmia kunye neendlela ezithembekileyo).

Okungaziwa kakuhle kukuba ukusetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza (umzekelo, iiyure ze-2 zokuxilwa koononophelo ezilandelwa iiveki ezimbalwa zokuzilahla phambi kwesinye iseshoni sesono) zibeka umngcipheko omkhulu wokulutha. Izizathu zizinto eziphilayo, kwaye kukho uphando olumalunga nomlingo wonke se benzisa kwizilwanyana nakubantu abaqhelanisa iziganeko zengqondo ezijongene nazo.

Umzekelo, zombini iziyobisi kwaye ukutya okungenamsoco Uphando lubonisa ukuba ukusebenzisa okuphakathi kunokukhokelela ngokukhawuleza inguqu enxulumene neziyobisi (nokuba mhlawumbi umsebenzisi ungena kwi-addiction). Utshintsho oluphambili ku khuthazwa ephazamisa isikhokelo somvuzo wengqondo kunye nezibonakaliso ezivelisa kanzima ukungaziboni iimfuno. Ngokukhuthaza, iingcingo zengqondo ezibandakanyekayo ekukhuthazeni nasekuzuzeni umvuzo zifuna ukuxhamla imemori okanye iziganeko ezinxulumene nokuziphatha komlutha. Ukumiswa kwe-pavlovian enzulu kuphumela ukwanda "kokufuna" okanye ukunqwenela ngelixa ukuthanda okanye ukonwaba kwimisebenzi kuyehla. Iimpawu, ezifana nokuguqula ikhompyutha, ukubona i-pop-up, okanye ukuba yedwa, kubangela ukuthanda izinto ezingamanyala. (Ucwaningo lweengxelo zokukhuthaza ukukhutshwa kweengxelo okanye ukuchithwa kwemisebenzi kubasebenzisi bezononunu: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20.)

Okumangalisa ngakumbi kukuba amaxesha okuyeka (ii-2-4 iiveki) kukhokelela ekutshintsheni kwe-neuroplastic ezingenakwenzeka kumsebenzisi ongazithathi ixesha elide. Ezi zinguqu echosheni zikhuphula iiminqweno ezisetyenziswayo ekuphenduleni kwiziganeko. Ngaphezulu, i inkqubo yoxinzelelo okokuba nokuba uxinzelelo oluncinci lunokubangela nqwenela ukusebenzisa.

Ukusetyenziswa okungapheliyo (ingakumbi kwi ifom yo kutywala) unokuvelisa iimpawu zokurhoxa, ezifana nokunyenga, ukudangala kwaye nqwenela. Ngamanye amagama, xa umntu esebenzisa emva kwexesha lokuziyeka, kunye neebinges, inokubetha umsebenzisi onzima - mhlawumbi ngenxa yomelela ngamava.

Ngokusekelwe kulolu uphando, izazinzulu ziye zagqiba ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwansuku zonke kuthetha cocaine, alcohol, ugwayi, okanye ukutya okungenamsoco akuyimfuneko ukuvelisa inguqu yengqondo yomlutha. Ukuxinwa okungekho nto kunokukwenza into efanayo nokusetyenziswa okuqhubekayo, kwaye kwezinye iimeko zenza Kaninzi.

Ngoku, masibuyele kumzekeliso wabasebenzisi bezononophelo abangabonqulo. Yiliphi iqela elinokuthi libandakanye abasebenzisi abangaphezulu? Uphando olunikeziweyo olubonisa ukuba Abasebenzisi bezononophelo zonqulo banqweneli ukuba basebenzise i-pornography, mhlawumbi unqulo kunokuba abasebenzisi belizwe banamathele emjikelezweni wokuzincama. Abasebenzisi bezenkolo baya kuba "abasebenzisi abasebenzisa." Abasebenzisi baseburhulumenteni baxela ukuba bavame ukuthabatha iintsuku ezingaphezulu kweentsuku ezimbalwa - ngaphandle kokuba babe ngabasebenzisi abaphakathi kwamanye amazwe kuba bazama ukuyeka ukusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana.

Enye impembelelo ebalulekileyo yokujikeleza ukuzithiba nokugqithisileyo kukuba abasebenzisi bezononophelo abaphakathi bafumana amava okuphucula (kunye nokuphucula rhoqo). Basenokubona ngokucacileyo indlela abasebenzisa ngayo iifayili abathintele ngayo, ngokuchasene nabasebenzisi abaqhelekileyo. Oku kuphela kunokukhokelela kumanqaku aphakamileyo kwi-questionnaire ye-addiction drug. Okwesibini, umphumo obaluleke kakhulu kukuba abasebenzisi bezononono abaphakathi baya kuba namaqhinga amaninzi anqwenelekayo. Okwesithathu, xa abasebenzisi abasebenzisanayo bakhawula, inzululwazi ikhankanywe ngasentla iqikelela ukuba baya kuziva bengaphaya kokulawula, kwaye banamava amaninzi emva kokuxilwa. Ngamafutshane, abasebenzisi abasemgangathweni banokuba ngumlutha kwaye banamanqaku aphezulu ekumanyeleni ukuxilwa koonwabo, nangona besetyenziselwa ukugqithisa ngaphaya kowabo abazalwana.

Ngaphantsi kweemeko, kungekudala ukugqiba ukuba ihlazo lenza ukubahluko phakathi kwabasebenzisi benkolo nabangenabunyani. Abaphandi kufuneka balawulwe ngempembelelo yokusetyenziswa okuphakathi. Kuthetha ngokungafaniyo, ukuba ngaphezulu ULeonhardt et al Izifundo zonqulo zazibandakanya ipesenteji eziphezulu zabasebenzisi abangenazo izinto ezingekho zonqulo, umntu wayekulindele ukuba abasebenzisi benkolo bafumane amanqaku aphezulu kwiimvavanyo zokulutha umlingo naphezu kokusebenzisa kangangoko.

Ewe, umngcipheko wokusebenzisa umlingo we-admitti awugcini kubasebenzisi bezononophelo benkolo. Le nto ibonakala kwimifanekiso yezilwanyana kunye nabasebenzisi bezentlekele belizwe abazama ukuyeka kodwa besoloko bexhala. Ingongoma yinto yokuba ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kunye nokuxhatshazwa koononophala kufuneka kufundwe ngokuzimeleyo ngaphambi kokudweba nokupapasha iingcinga malunga neentloni (okanye "ukuqonda" ukutshabalalisa i-pornography) njengokuba yintoni isizathu esichazelayo isizathu sokuba abasebenzisi bezononophelo bezenkolo baxele amanqaku aphezulu okuxhatshazwa kwi-konsathi kunye ukusebenzisa rhoqo.

Isishwankathelo seNkolo yokuThembeka kunye noTshwayo Sebenzisa:

1. Ukunyaniseka akuqapheli umlutha woonopopayi (obonwayo okanye ngenye indlela). Ipesenti ephakamileyo kakhulu yabantu basebenzisa i-pornography.
2. Ekubeni ipesenti elincinci labantu abanokholo basebenzisa i-porno, kubonakala ukuba inkolo khusela ukuxhatshazwa koonwabo.
3. Grubbs kunye ULeonhardt, et al. iisampulu ezithathiweyo zimbalwa "zabasebenzisi be-porn zonqulo" zitshintshiwe ngokubhekisele kubasebenzisi benkolo, ekunokwenzeka ukuba zikhokelele kwipesenti ephezulu kakhulu yesampulu yenkolo enezinto ezihlekisayo. Ngenxa yoko abasebenzisi bezononophelo bezenkolo banamanani aphezulu aphezulu kwizixhobo zokulutha i-porn kunye nokuxela ubunzima bokulawula ukusetyenziswa.
4. Njengoko ukusetyenziswa koononophelo kudla rhoqo okanye kubangele, abasebenzisi bezononophelo zonqulo babuyela kwiimfundiso zabo. Oku kuthetha ukuba abo bajonga phezulu kwiimvavanyo zokuxhatshazwa koononophelo baza kuphinda bafumane amanqaku aphezulu kwiinkonzo zonqulo.
5. Ininzi yabasebenzisi bezononophelo zonqulo baye bayicetyiswa ukuba ukusetyenziswa koonwabo kuyingozi. Ngako-ke, baninzi amathuba okusebenzisa ubulili obungaphantsi kwaye bazama ukunikela. Ngokwenza njalo banokuthi baqonde iimpawu kunye neempawu zokuxhatshazwa koononophelo njengoko kuhlolwe yi-Grubss CPUI-9 ULeonhardt, et al. Iphepha lemibuzo le-5-nokuba kungakanani na ukusetyenziswa kwe-porn.
6. Abasebenzisi abangabonakaliyo boononophala bangasetyenziselwa ukunyanzela kwaye baphumelele ngokumangalisayo kwiimvavanyo zokuxhatshazwa koononopopayi, nangona basebenzisana nexesha elifutshane kunabo abazalwana belizwe.

ICANDELO 4: I-Grubbs iHlukanisa i-Current State of Addiction Research

Ukunyaniseka kwe-intanethi ye-pornography iyabhekiswa ubuncinane kwizifundo ezintathu zikaJoshua Grubbs (Grubbs et al., 2015; UBradley et al., 2016; Grubbs et al., 2016Onke la maphepha mathathu alahla bucala amashumi eminyaka ye-neuropsychological kunye nolunye uphando ngeziyobisi (kunye nezixhobo zovavanyo ezinxulumene noko) ukuzama ukweyisela abafundi ukuba uncwadi lwezenzululwazi lubonisa ukuba umlutha we-intanethi awukho (ngaloo ndlela uxhasa iGrubbs ukuba bonke ubungqina be-porn Umlutha kufuneka "uqondwe," hayi eyinyani).

Izifundo zikaGrubbs zikhankanywe ukuxhathisa umlutha wezobisi

Kwimihlathi yabo yokuvula, izifundo ezintathu zikaGrubbs ezikhankanywe kumhlathi odlulileyo zibonisa ukuthanda kwabo ngokusisiseko bebango labo malunga nokungabikho kweziyobisi ezingamanyala kwi-intanethi kumaphepha abantu abazibiza ngokuba "ngabasebenzisi be-intanethi abasebenzisa iziyobisi": UDavid Ley, umbhali we Inkolelo-ngxaki yoTywala, kwaye owayengumphandi we-UCLA uNicole Prause, lowo umsebenzi wakhe ugxekwa ngokusemthethweni kwiincwadi zonyango indlela ebuthathaka kwaye izigqibo ezingaxhaswanga. Amaphepha amathathu uGrubbs akholelwa ukuba i-débunk yobunzima bezobisi:

1. U-Emperor akanampahla: Ukujongwa kwakhona kweModeli yoTywala ye-Pornography (2014), nguDavid Ley, Nicole Prause noPeter Finn
2. Isifiso soSondo, asikho ukuziphatha okubi ngokwesini, sixhomekeke kwiimpendulo ze-Neurophysiological Elicetyiswa yimifanekiso yezondo (2013), UVaughn R. Steele, uCameron Staley, uTimoti Fong, uNicole Prause
3. Ukujonga i-Stimuli yezesondo ehambelana nokuPhendula ngokuSini okukhulu, hayi ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-Erectile (2015), UNicole Prause noJim Pfaus

Iphepha #1 (Ley et al., 2013) is isiqephu sesicatshulwa esisodwa NguLey, uMnumzane kunye nomlingani wakhe uPeter Finn, owathi uhlaziyiweyo lohlobo lwezilonda zobisi. Kwakungekho. Ekuqaleni, Ley et al. zishiye zonke izifundo ezipapashiweyo ezibonisa iziphumo ezibi ekusebenziseni iphonografi ngenxa yokuba "zilungile" ngokudibeneyo. Ufunde ngokuchanekileyo. Okwesibini, ikhethe i-cherry, ikhetha imigca elahlekisayo evela kwizifundo, isilele ukunika ingxelo kwizigqibo ezichaseneyo nabaphandi. Isithathu, Ley et al. icacisa ezininzi izifundo ezingazange zihambelane nakwiimangalo ezenziwe. Siyaqonda ukuba ezi zinto zinamandla kakhulu, kodwa zixhaswa ngokupheleleyo kwaye zibhalwe kule nto i-critic-line critic. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba Ley et al. Umhleli, uCharles Moser, uye waba ngumdala umgxekayo ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesini kunye nocansi. Kwakhona uyazi ukuba Iingxelo zezeMpilo zoLuntu Unayo elifutshane nelitye imbali. Iqale ukupapasha kwi-2004, kwaye yaya kwi-hiatus kwi-2008, kuphela ukuvuswa ku-2014, ngexesha nje Ley et al.

Iphepha #2 (Steele et al., 2013) kwakufundwa nge-EEG kumaphephandaba njengobungqina chasene ubukho bezilwanyana ezingcolileyo. Ayikho njalo. Olu cwaningo lweLabhan ye-SPAN lwenzela inkxaso ekukholeni kokugqithiswa koonobumba kunye nokusetyenziswa koononophelo kusetyenziswa ukulawulwa komnqweno wesini. Kanjani? Uphononongo lubhale ukufundwa kwe-EEG ephezulu (P300) xa izifundo zichazwe ngokufutshane kwiifoto zoonografi. Izifundo zibonisa ukuba i-P300 ephakamileyo eyenzekayo xa izilingo zivelele kwizikhombo (ezifana nemifanekiso) ezihlobene nokulutha kwawo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yeziphene zendlela yokufumana iziphumo ezingenakuguquleka: Izifundo ze-1) zazingqali (amadoda, amabhinqa, angafani namadoda); Izifundo ze-2) azizange zihlolwe izifo zengqondo okanye izilingo; Isifundo se-3) sasinalo iqela lolawulo lokuthelekisa; Imibuzo yee-4) ayifumanekanga ngokunyaniseka kwezilwanyana ezingcolileyo. Ngokuhambelanayo ne Ucwaningo lweYunivesithi yaseCambridge luhlola uphando, le ngxelo ye-EEG iphinde ibhengeze ukukhwabanisa okukhulu kwindlela yokuziphathisa i-porn kunye nayo Ngaphantsi umnqweno wokulwa ngesondo. Beka enye indlela, abantu abane-activation yobuchopho kunye nezifiso zoononophala ezikhethwa ukuba zihlaziye kwi-pornography kunokuba zilalane nomntu ongokoqobo. Isikhulumi somfundi uNicole Prause sathi aba basebenzi bezonyango babenokuba ne-libido ephezulu, kodwa iziphumo zolu cwaningo zithetha okuchasene ngqo (umnqweno wokubelana ngesondo ngokwahlukanayo behla ngokubhekiselele ekusebenziseni kwabo ubulili). Njengoko ayikho into ehambelana neentloko eziqingqiweyo, I-Grubbs iqhubekise izigqibo ezinesiphene zababhali bokuqala (i "debunkers of porn addiction"). Amaphepha amathandathu aqwalaselwe ngoontanga ahlalutye ngokusesikweni Steele et al., I-2013 ekugqibeleni ukuba iziphumo zayo zihambelane nomzekelo wokuxhatshazwa koononophelo othiwa yi-debunk: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Jonga oku uhlalutyo olubanzi.

Iphepha #3 (Udumo kunye nePfaus 2015) yanikwa iGrbs njengobungqina bemiphumo emihle yezobisi:

… Olunye uphononongo lucebisa neziphumo ezinokubakho ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa kwamanyala (Umdumo kunye nePfaus, 2015).

Umdumo kunye noPfaus yayingelilo isifundo sangempela kwaye ayifumananga "iziphumo ezilungileyo" ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa kwe-porn. Akukho nanye idatha evela kwiPrause & Pfaus (2015) iphepha elihambelana nezifundo ezine zangaphambili ezazisekwe kuzo. Umahluko wawungekho mncinci kwaye awuchazwanga. Ingxelo yomphandi uRichard A. Isenberg MD, epapashwe kuyo Ulwaphulo lwezesondo Ufikelelo oluvulelekileyo, ibonisa amanqaku (kodwa ayizizo zonke) yokungangqinelani, iimpazamo kunye namabango angaxhaswanga. Isiphumo esizimeleyo sokudumisa kunye nePfaus ibango laliphezulu "ngokwenqanaba lokuvusa" emva kokubukela iphonografi kwizifundo ezazibukele iphonografi ekhaya. Iingxaki ezininzi ngeli bango:

1. Indlela eya kusekelwe kwenzululwazi ukutolika lo mbandela ovukayo kukuba amadoda asebenzisa i-pornography ngaphezulu ayenamava kakhulu unqwenela ukusebenzisa i-porn. Okuthakazelisayo, banomnqweno omncinane wokulala ngesondo kunye nomlingane kunye nomnqweno wokuphinga i-masturbate kunabo bafumana iiyure ezimbalwa bebukela i-pornography.
2. Impendulo kunye nePfaus ngekhe kuvavanye ngokuchanekileyo ukuvuswa kwezifundo kuba:

• Izifundo ze-4 zangaphakathi zasebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zoononophala. Izifundo ezimbini ezisetyenziselwa ifilimu yekota ye-3, olunye uphando lusetyenziswe ifilimu ye-20-yesibini, kwaye olunye uphando lusetyenziswa imifanekiso.
• Izifundo ze-4 zangaphakathi ziqeshwe izikali zeenombolo ezahlukeneyo. Omnye wasebenzisa i-0 kwizinga le-7, omnye wasebenzisa i-1 kwizinga le-7, kwaye olunye uphando aluzange luchaze ukulinganiswa ngokwesondo.

URichard A. Isenberg MD Ucele uPrause kunye noPfaus ukuba bachaze ukuba bangasifaka njani esi siphumo ngaphandle kokufumaneka kwedatha. Akukho namnye umbhali okwazileyo ukunika impendulo eqondakalayo.

Iinjongo ze-Grubbs zikhishiwe

Ngokubhekisele kwi-Grubbs's bias, kuxela ngakumbi ukuba izifundo ze-3 ezichazwe apha ngasentla ziyazishiya zonke izifundo ze-neurological and neuropsychological ezifumene ubungqina bokuxhasa imodeli yeziyobisi ezingamanyala (phezu kwe40 qo kelelwe apha). Ukongezelela, i-Grubbs ayiyekanga 17 uphononongo lwamva nje loncwadi kunye neenkcazo Uncwadi lwezobisi kunye noxhatshazo ngokwesini (kuluhlu olufanayo). Uninzi lwezi zifundo kunye nokuphononongwa zezinye zezazinzulu zenzululwazi kwiYunivesithi yaseYale, kwiYunivesithi yaseCambridge, kwiDyunivesithi yaseDuisburg-Essen, kunye neZiko iMax Planck. (Ezinye zezi zazingekapapashwa xa izifundo zikaGrubbs zazisiya emaphepheni, kodwa zazininzi, zazingahoywa.)

Qhathanisa abo baphandi abaphambili abane-Ley no-Prause. U-Ley akanalo mvelaphi kwi-neuroscience kwaye akazange ashicilele nto de kube Ley et al., 2014. Udumo aluzange ludibaniswe nayiphi na iyunivesithi ukususela ngoDisemba, ngo-2014, kunye naye mabango ukujikeleza kwakhe izifundo ze-2 ze-EEG ziye zachazwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwincwadi ehlolwayo yontanga (uphando lwe-2015: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.; Ucwaningo lwe-2013: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.)

Singacinga ukuba ukuvuma ukuba khona Izifundo ze-40 zemithambo-luvo kunye nokuphononongwa kwe-18 koncwadi kunye neenkcazo ezixhasa imodeli yeziyobisi ezingamanyala ingathintela ngokungqongqo ithisisi kaGrubbs yokuba likhoboka leziyobisi ...

“Inento yonke enokwenza nenkolo kunye nokuziphatha ngendlela efanelekileyo ngesini. Ngamafutshane, uthi, "Kukukhuthaza iintloni."

Ukuba "iziyobisi ezingamanyala zihlazo nje" uGrubbs ulichaza njani inani elikhulayo lezifundo zemithambo-luvo ezifumene ukutshintsha kwengqondo kubasebenzisi be-porn abanengxaki ezihambelana neziyobisi? Njani lihlazo bangela ingqondo enye iguquka ezenzeka ngeziyobisi? Ubungqina bokuba neentloni bunokubuphikisa njani ubukho beziyobisi kwiibongo ezibonisa ubungqina bokuba likhoboka? Ayikwazi.

(zombini unqulo kunye nenye indlela) ukuyeka uononophelo ngexesha kwaye uqhathanise amava abo kunye nokulawula? Yabona Ukuphelisa i-Intanethi engapheliyo I-Iphonyayili Yisebenzise Ukutyhila Imiphumo Yayo malunga noyilo lokufunda.

• Kwakhona ubone: I-Critique ye: "Iimpahla ezonakalisiweyo: Ukuqonda iziyobisi ezingamanyala njengoMlamli phakathi kwenkolo kunye nobuhlobo Ukuxhalaba okujikeleze i-Pornography Sebenzisa" (Leonhardt, Willoughby, & Young-Petersen 2017)