I-Porn Science Deniers Alliance (AKA: "RealYourBrainOnPorn.com" kunye ne "ScienceOfArousal.com")

nguyenbyen

Itheyibhile yemixholo egubungela realyourbrainonporn.com:

  1. I-Alliance Science Deniers Alliance ibandakanyeka kulwaphulo-mthetho olungekho mthethweni lweOBBOOPorn.com
  2. Ekugqibeleni, i-Alliance (iingcali ze-RealYBOP) isebenza ngokukuko njengeqoqo eliqhutywa zi-ajenda
  3. Iingcali ze-RealYBOP ziyahlawulwa ngumzi mveliso we-porn xHamster ukukhuthaza iiwebhusayithi zayo kunye nokuqinisekisa abasebenzisi ukuba iziyobisi ezingamanyala kunye neziyobisi zesini ziintsomi.
  4. Bafumana uluntu oluninzi, kodwa i-Porn Science Deniers Alliance ibonisa encinci, nangona kunjalo, iincinci ezinobuninzi obuphezulu
  5. I-Porn Science Deniers Alliance ayiphumelelwanga nencwadana yokusetyenziswa kwezifo zonyango esetyenziswa kakhulu kwihlabathi, i-International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11)
  6. Ichaphaza elikhethwe yi-Alliance, amaphepha angahambelani ayimeli kwangaphambili yophando
  7. Amagqabantshintshi okhetho lwe-Alliance olu-Cherry, olukhethwe ngamaphepha angathandekiyo
  8. Phantse onke amaphepha e-Alliance abhekiswa kwizikrelemnqa zangaphambili zamanqaku ePrause
  9. Awunako ukuxokisa imodeli ukuba awunakunika nayiphi na imodeli
  10. Amalungu awahlukeneyo e-Porn Science Deniers Alliance anembali yokuchaza into engeyiyo eyabo kunye nezifundo zabanye
  11. Ukuchaza amaphepha e-Alliance atyhidiweyo: ukungafezekisi, ukungachazwa, ukungabikho kunye nobuxoki - Unxibelelwano nohlalutyo lwe-YBOP lwecandelo ngalinye lophando lweDeniers Alliance:
    1. I-Erectile Nezinye izifo ezichaphazelekayo ngokwesondo
    2. Isimo sengqondo malunga nabasetyhini Icandelo
    3. Icandelo loLawulo
    4. Uthando nobudlelwane obusondeleyo
    5. Iimodeli zeCandelo lokuXhatshazwa koBucala
    6. Icandelo loLutsha
    7. Iifilimu okanye Icandelo lokuhlaziya
    8. Icandelo leSini soTyala
    9. I-LGBT Icandelo
    10. Icandelo lokunyamezela
    11. Icandelo lesigxina soMzimba
    12. Icandelo labenzi
    13. Yongezelele

AbaNzululwazi bezeNzululwazi ukubandakanyeka kulwaphulo-mthetho lwentengiso olungekho mthethweni YourBrainOnPorn.com

Ngaba ubuxhalabile malunga nokukhetha, kodwa kuya kusanda kupapashwa kakuhle, umbono we-pro-porn sexologists kunye nabalingane babo? Ukulungiselela ukulungela kwakho, iqela elikhulu le-Porn Science Deniers ngoku "liphumile" njengeklabhu ekhethekileyo. Ungabafumana beqhayiya apha kwiibhola zabo zesayensi- https://www.realyourbrainonporn.com/experts (UNicole PrauseUMarty Klein, uLynn Comella, UDavid J. Ley, Emily F. Rothman, Samuel Perry, Taylor Kohut, William Fisher, Peter Finn, Janniko Georgiadis, Erick Janssen, Aleksandar Štulhofer, Joshua Grubbs, James Cantor, Michael Seto, Justin Lehmiller, Victoria Hartmann, Julia Velten, Roger Libby, Doug Braun -Harvey, uDavid Hersh, uJennifer Valli).

Abo banoxanduva lwendawo entsha (engekaziwa, kodwa okwangoku kubhekiswa kuyo "Iingcali") bayazibandakanya ukuphulwa kwegama elingekho mthethweni of YourBrainOnPorn.com. Isiza esitsha sokunyanzelwa sakhawuleza satshintsha indawo yokuqala "yeengcali" enegama "Sayensi yeArousal, ”I-URL eyalela kwakhona iindwendwe kwindawo yangoku yomkhuseli. Indawo entsha izama ukukhohlisa iindwendwe ngeziko lephepha ngalinye libhengeza "Wamkelekile kwi-BONI Yakho kubuNgcali ngePonografi, " ngelixa ithebhu ivakalisa ngobuxoki "Ubunzima bakho kwi-Porn."

nguyenbyen

Ukuthengisa indawo yabo engekho mthethweni, "iingcali" zenze iakhawunti ye-Twitter (https://twitter.com/BrainOnPorn), Isiteshi se-YouTube, page Facebook, kwaye ipapashwe upapasho ndaba zekhampani. Ngomnye umzamo wokubhidanisa uluntu, upapasho lweendaba lubango lobuxoki ukuba luvela kwidolophu yasekhaya kaGary Wilson -Ashland, Oregon (akukho nanye kuzo "Iingcali" ndihlala e-Oregon, ndiyeke uAshland). Zigwebe ngokwakho ukuba ngaba i-Deniers iqhubela phambili iimfuno zeshishini le-porn okanye inyani yokukhangela inyani ngokufunda le qoqo leTweetsYeTweets. Kubhalwe kuDkt. Nicole Prause isicatshulwa esicacileyo, ii-tweets zidumisa iingenelo zoononophala, zichaze ngokucacileyo imeko yangoku yophando, kwaye abantu abathathu kunye nemibutho iPrause iye yahlukumeza ngaphambili.

Ukongeza, "iingcali" zenze i-akhawunti yeReddit (umsebenzisi / sciencearousal) ukufumana iifamamu zokubuyiselwa kobugqwetha reddit / pornfree kwaye reddit / NoFap kunye ukuqhubela phambili, ukubiza ukusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana akunakonakalisa kwaye ukuphazamisa i-YourBrainOnPorn.com kunye noGary Wilson. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba i-Science Denier Prause, yangaphambili yezemfundo, une imbali ebhaliweyo yokuqesha amaninzi amaninzi ukuthumela kwiifom zokubuyiselwa koononophelo. Amazwana kwindlela yakhe yokuqonda ngokulula khuthaza i zifundo, ukuhlaselwa ingcamango yokulutha kwezesondo, ihlazisa iWilson kunye neYBOP, ukunciphisa amadoda ekubuyiseleni, yaye ukuchasa abantu abanokuzithemba. Kumzekelo omnye wokuchaza kakubi imeko yophando, ngelixa uphakamisa i-ajenda yomzi we-porn, uSi-ciencearousal Ukwazisa / ilungu lezitho zithixo Ukusetyenziswa koononophelo kulungile kwi-99% yabemi: nguyenbyen

Ngo-Apreli 25th, i Sciencearousal lomsebenzisi yavela kwiWikipedia, ukufaka amakhonkco kunye nokususa izinto ezisemthethweni malunga nefuthe lephonografi. (Nge-Epreli 17 enye ye-Sciencearousal's aliases izamile ngokufanayo: SecondaryEd2020). La maphepha e-3 aqoshiwe ngaphezulu kwe-30 ebonakalayo engekho emthethweni kaNicole Prause (enye ye-Porn Science Deniers), eyenziwe ukuba ifake i-propaganda kwaye ihlaziye abantu kunye nemibutho:Page 1, Page 2, Page 3, Page 4, Page 5. (Imithetho yeWikipedia iyakwalela ii-sock-puppets, kodwa iiposta ze-porn-pro zibonakala ngathi azikhuselekanga kwimigaqo yayo.)

YBOP esemthethweni, lewebhu, Ima ngohlobo lwayo, iinkonzo kunye nezixhobo kwaye ithatha amanyathelo okulungisa ukwaphula kunye nezenzo ezingenabulungisa kwindawo ethi "Ngokwenene Ubuchopho Bakho Kwi-Porn". Ngomhla we-Meyi 1, i-2019 igqwetha lomnini-mthetho ongumnini weempawu zorhwebo "Ubunzima Bakho Bokuzalwa" kunye ne "YourBrainOnPorn.com" (le webhusayithi) uthumele ukuyeka nokuyeka incwadi kubo bonke ababonakala bengemva kwesayithi ephulwayo (I "Iingcali"). Uhlaziyo oluthile olubalulekileyo:

Ekugqibeleni, i-Alliance isebenza ngokuvulekileyo njengendibano eqhutywe nge-ajenda

Xa sele sisempikiswaneni yezobugqwetha ukususela ngaphambi kwe-2011, ngokuqinisekileyo asifuni ukuphazamisa, kwaye asiyiki, iimbono eziphikisayo. Kodwa sicinga ukuba kufanelekile ukukhomba ukuba amaninzi amanqaku alo mbutho omtsha we-Porn Science Deniers ayaziwa kakhulu kwi-YBOP nakwabanye abantu abangaboniyo. Abanye babo ngabalobi bezifundo zangaphandle kunye neengqungquthela ezingaxhaswanga zengxelo zecandelo lokuthetha, ezifumana indlela yazo i-biased (ibekwe?) amanqaku eendaba aqhelekileyo.

Ezinye zeDeniers rhoqo ukudukisa intatheli, oogxa babo, kunye abahleli beendaba zokufunda malunga nokulinganisela okwenene yophando lwe-intanethi. Vula Imidiya yokuncokola nangaphakathi ukubeka amanqaku bakhuthaza ukuqokelela kwabo encinci maphepha athengwayo, angaphandle, kunye / okanye ukuchasa kakubi inyaniso yabo yedatha. Tyelela eli phepha ukujonga iingcamango zenye inzala yazo engathandabuzekiyo.

Ngelixa abaninzi balabo abalahla baye bahlala bedibaniselwano kumajelo asekuhlaleni okanye amanqaku afundiswayo kunye namanqaku adumile, ilungu ngalinye leManyano liye laxelwa ukuba likhuseli elizimeleyo nelingenabulungelelaniso lwenyaniso kunye nesayensi. Nangona kunjalo i-YBOP kunye nabanye abaninzi abaxhamli be-porno baye bazi ukuba amalungu aleli qela elincinci leDeniers alungiselela ngokugqithiseleyo nangemva kweembonakaliso, ukuxhaphaza intatheli, ukwabelana ngeengongoma zokuthetha, ukuthumela i-imeyili kwiibhunga ezilawulayo, kwaye kwanokuba nefuthe kwinkqubo yokuhlaziywa yontanga ngeendlela ezingathandabuzekiyo (ezi Amaphepha e-2 anika amaxwebhu amaninzi okuziphatha oku: 1 iphepha, 2 iphepha).

Abona bantu baphikisayo abaziwayo, uNicole Prause noDavid Ley, baye bazibandakanya ngokungcolisa igama, ukuhlukumeza kunye ne-cyberstalking, amaqela ekujoliswe kuwo kunye nabantu abakholelwa, ngokusekwe kubungqina obunenjongo, ukuba iphonografi yanamhlanje inokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu kwabanye abasebenzisi. Zimbalwa iithagethi zabo abazi ngembali kaPrause kunye neLey yokuziphatha gwenxa kunye nokuphazamiseka gwenxa. La maphepha alandelayo abhala amawaka eziganeko kwisithuba seminyaka eliqela:

Kubonakala ngathi iPrause ngumthathi-nxaxheba ophambili kwiwebhusayithi yomanyano kunye neeakhawunti zosasazo zasekuhlaleni, njenge:

  1.  Umxholo, ukuphonononga, kunye nokuchithwa kwesayithi elingekho mthethweni kunye nesipiliki esibuko iingcambu zeengcambu kwaye kwezithuba zoluntu. Okumangalisayo kukuba, i-PornHub yayiyeyokuqala ukuphinda ibhale i-tweet entsha ye-akhawunti ka-Twitter, nangona iakhawunti entsha ye-Twitter yayingenabalandeli okwangoku. I-PornHub yazi njani ngokusekwa kwayo?
  2. Ukukhutshwa kweendaba, indawo kunye nekhawunti yeendaba zentlalo yoluntu uGar Wilson (ngokugqithiseleyo okanye ngokufihlakeleyo), kunye nePrause Ukuhlukumeza kakhulu uWilson ngaphezulu kweminyaka ye-7.
  3. Oku kubonakala ngathi ngu-Pumzamo wesibini wokuzama ukudala iwebhusayithi eqhutywa yi-ajenda. Kwi-2016, kubonakala ngathi iPrause yenze igama lomsebenzisi elibizwa ngokuba "zii-PornHelps," ezazine-akhawunti yayo ye-Twitter (@pornhelps) kunye newebhusayithi (eneqonga elingasetyenziswanga mntu) ukukhuthaza imboni ye-porn kunye nezifundo zangaphandle ezichaza iziphumo "ezilungileyo" yamanyala. "I-PornHelps" ihlala ibhejiwe abantu abafanayo kunye nemibutho i-Prause nayo ihlasela rhoqo. Ngapha koko, uPrause ngamanye amaxesha angadibana kunye negama lakhe elibonakalayo elithi "PornHelps" ukuhlasela abantu kwi-Twitter nakwezinye iindawo ngokulandelelana. Amaxwebhu, yabona Ngaba uNicole Prause "Uzonwaba"? (I-PornHelps iwebhusayithi, @pornhelps kwi-Twitter, imibono phantsi kwamanqaku). Yonke i-akhawunti isusiwe emva kokuba i-Prause yaphuma njenge "Porn Porn".

Iingcali ze-RealYBOP bahlawulelwa ngumzi mveliso we-porn xHamster ukukhuthaza iiwebhusayithi kunye nokwazisa abasebenzisi ukuba iziyobisi ezingamanyala kunye neziyobisi ziintsomi.

Ukusukela ngoJulayi, 2019 ezintathu zezona zaziwa ngcono I-RealYBOP "iingcali”Basebenzisana ngokuphandle nomzi mveliso we-porn: UDavid Ley, Justin Lehmiller noChris Donaghue. Zonke ezi-3 zikwi ibhodi yengcebiso komntwana osemtsha I-Alliance Health Alliance (SHA). Kwimpikiswano yemali ecacileyo yemidla, uDavid Ley kunye ne-SHA ukubuyekezwa ngumzi mveliso we-porn xHamster ukukhuthaza iwebhusayithi yayo (okt StripChat) kunye nokwazisa abasebenzisi ukuba iziyobisi ze-porn kunye nesini ziintsomi! Bona "Stripchat ulungelelwaniso ne-Health Health Alliance ukuze ubethwe ngengqondo yakho ye-porn-centric ekhathazayo. "

Kuhambo lwe-xHamster / SHA U-Ley uza kuxelela abathengi be-xHamster "Zithini na izifundo zonyango malunga ne-porn, i-camming kunye nesondo":

Ngaba uLey uza kuxela abathengi be-xHamster ukuba lonke uphononongo olwake lwashicilelwa kumadoda (malunga ne-65) Dibanisa ukusetyenziswa okungakumbi kwe-porn kukuncipha ngokwesini kunye nolwalamano? Ngaba uLee uza kubaxelela ukuba bonke Izifundo ze-55 ze-neurological kubasebenzisi be-porn / abathengisi bezesondo baxela iinguqu zobuchopho ezibonwe kwizidakamizwa? Ngaba uya kwazisa abaphulaphuli bakhe ukuba i-50% yabasebenzisi be-porn Xela ukwanda kwento ababeyifumene ngaphambili bengakuthandi okanye iyacekiseka? Ngandlela ithile ndiyayithandabuza.

Kwi-tweet yabo yokunyusa sithembisa ngesilayidi seengcali zengqondo ye-SHA ukuba ithambise abasebenzisi "i-porn yexhala" kunye "nehlazo" (uLey kunye nezinye "iingcali" ze-SHA yiminyaka elula yokufumana iingcali zobuchopho).

The esemthethweni StripChat Twitter akhawunti iveza Isizathu esiyinyani sokuhlawula "iingcali" ze-SHA: ukuthambisa uxinzelelo lwabo ukuthintela ukulahleka kwabathengi abahlawulayo. I-SHA iya kukwenza oku "ngokuthetha ngophando lwamva nje ngesondo, i-camming kunye nokulutha," oko kukuthi, ukukhetha umsebenzi owenziwe ngabaphandi "bazo". NguLey / SHA Khankanya ukuba amakhulu ezifundo zidibanisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-porn kunye nemiphumo emibi emininzi?

In eli nqakuU-Ley ugxotha inyhweba yakhe yokunyusa ishishini le-porn:

Kuyavunywa, iingcali zempilo yezesondo ezibambisene ngqo namaqonga ezentengiso ezamanyala zijongana nezinto ezinokwehla, ngakumbi abo bathanda ukuzenza njengabangenabuntu ngokupheleleyo. “Ndilindele [abameli be-anti-porn] ukuba bakhwaze bonke, 'Owu jonga, yabona, uDavid Ley usebenzela iphonografi,' utsho uLey, igama likhankanywa rhoqo lihlazo kuluntu oluhlwayayo lokuphulula amalungu esini njengeNoFap.

Kodwa nokuba umsebenzi wakhe kunye neStripchat ngokungathandabuzekiyo uya kubonelela ngokutya kuye nakubani na onomdla wokumrhalela ngaphandle kocalucalulo okanye epokothweni ye-porn lobby, kaLey, loo ntengiso ifanelekile. “Ukuba sifuna ukunceda [abathengi abangamanyala porn], kufuneka siye kubo,” utshilo. Nantsi indlela esenza ngayo.

Ngaba ucaphukile? UDavid Ley, uJustin Lehmiller kunye noChris Donaghue basikhumbuza oogqirha abatshayayo abatshayayo, kunye ne-Alliance Health Alliance isikhumbuza nge IZiko lecuba.

Bafumana uluntu oluninzi, kodwa i-Porn Science Deniers Alliance ibonisa encinci, nangona kunjalo, iincinci ezinobuninzi obuphezulu

Iingcali ze-RealYBOP: UNicole Prause, uMarty Klein, uLynn Comella, uDavid J. Ley, uEmily F. Rothman, uSamuel Perry, uTaylor Kohut, uWilliam Fisher, uPeter Finn, uJanniko Georgiadis, uErick Janssen, u-Aleksandar Štulhofer, uJoshua Grubbs, uJames Cantor, noMichael Seto, UJustin Lehmiller, uVictoria Hartmann, uJulia Velten, uRoger Libby, uDoug Braun-Harvey, uDavid Hersh, uJennifer Valli.

Nokuba luthini na uluntu, eli qela lezesondo kunye ne-chums yazo (kunye nomsebenzi wazo) ayibonisi kuphazamiseka kobungqina obufanelekileyo, okanye izimvo zokuphazamiseka kwabaphandi abenza uphando ngeziphumo ze-porn zanamhlanje. Ngapha koko, amanye amalungu oManyano lweeNzululwazi eziDala ubuDlelwane rhoqo khanyela ukuxhaswa kobungqina; ixhomekeke kakhulu kwi-ajenda yabo.

Kuphononongo olusondeleyo, phantse isiqingatha se-25 "iingcali" phakathi komanyano ngabantu abangafundanga njengoko bengaqeshwanga yiyunivesithi. Okona kubaluleke kakhulu, akukho namnye kubo "iingcali" ezidwelisiweyo owakhe wapapasha isifundo se-neurological kwiqela lezifundo ezingamanyala (Ukuxhatshazwa kwezesondo zoMzimba zifundo).

(Usenokuba ucinga ukuba, "Yima ... khange uNicole Prause asipapashe isifundo sobuchopho kwiqela lezifundo ezichongwe ngokucacileyo njengeziyobisi ezingamanyala, okanye ama-hypersexourse, okanye into efanayo?" Imfihlo egcinwe kakuhle, kodwa hayi, akazange.)

Zibuze: kutheni abaphandi ababhalisayo ezi zifundo ze-45 ze-neurological kubasebenzisi be-porn kunye nezifundo ze-CSBD ulahlekile kolu luhlu lophando "lweengcali"?

I-Porn Science Deniers Alliance ayiphumelelwanga kunye nencwadana yehlabathi yokusetyenziswa kwezifo zonyango, Ulwahlulo lwaMazwe ngamazwe (ICD-11)

Amalungu eDeniers rhoqo ukuchasana nokuxilongwa okutsha kwi-ICD-11 ye-WHO, efanelekileyo ekuchongeni into uninzi lwabantu ekubhekiswa kuyo njenge "likhoboka lezobisi." Zifundele:

I-ICD-11 izazinzulu zibeka ngendlela Ukuxhatshazwa kwezesondo zoMzimba (CSBD) kwicandelo elibizwa ngokuba yi-Impulse Control Disorder, kodwa oko kungenxa yokuba bazimisele ukuba ayisiyo ikhoboka, njengoko uninzi lwamalungu oMdibaniso lungakholelwa. Ngapha koko, i-ICD-11 ayikakwazi ukuvumelana phakathi kwabo (ngenxa ye- kwezombusazwe kule ntsimi ephihliweyo), ngoko balindele ubungqina obuninzi ngaphambi kokuba bathathe isigqibo malunga nokuhlulwa kokugqibela. Ngokutsho kwesithethi sabo seburhulumenteni, UmKristu Lindmeier, i-ICD-11 ithathe hayi isikhundla kwiziyobisi. "[I-ICD-11] ayisebenzisi eli gama ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesini ngenxa yokuba asiyi kuthatha isikhundla sokuba ingaba ngumzimba okanye umdla. "

Ngoko iingcali ze-ICD-11 zatshitshisa le ngxaki kwixesha elizayo kwabanye ukuba lijongane nokuphanda ngakumbi. Kodwa ubuncinci baqaphela ngokusemthethweni a ukuxilongwa yengxaki okwangoku. Oku kuyakuthintela iijenali zemfundo ukuba ziqhubeke nokwala amanqaku malunga nemiphumela ye-porn "kuba akukho siphazamiso sikhona."

Abafundi kufuneka bazi ukuba "i-Impulse Control Disorder" yecandelo apho iingcali zokuqonda isifo kanye zabekwa khona ngokuhlala Ingxaki yokuGembula de kube ubungqina obugqithiseleyo buphelise ingxoxo (kunye nokucima ukuxhatshazwa), ngoko kuya kukwahlula njengengxaki yomlutha. Incwadana yokuxilonga i-DSM-5 yincwadi yokuqala yokuxilonga kuphinda ufumane ingxaki yokuGembula kwisigaba sayo somngcipheko. I-ICD-11 entsha ibeka ngokukhawuleza iNgxaki yokuGembula njengoko zombini an Ingxaki yokuLawula umfutho kwaye a Ingxaki ngenxa Yendlela yokuLawula, ngokuvuma ukuba izilingo kunye nokuphazamiseka kokulawula okuphazamiseka. Ngaba iimeko ezifanayo zilindele i-CSBD?

Kwakhona qaphela ukuba izazinzulu ezahlukahlukeneyo eziye zasebenza kwikomiti ye-ICD-11 eyasinika i-CSBD ibhalile imibhalo yamaphepha eendaba ecacisa ukuba bakholelwa ukuba kukho ubungqina obaneleyo sele ukuhlaziya kwakhona (okanye ngokukhawuleza ngezigaba) Ukukhubazeka koMzimba ngokwesifo sengxaki, kuba, kule ngcali, ibonakala Kaninzi njengokuphazamiseka kweziyobisi kunengxaki yolawulo lwempembelelo. Kule vein, nazi ezinye zehlabathi baphandi abaphambili be-CSBD / umlutha wezobisi Ukubhalwa kwiphephancwadi elihlaziywe ngontanga:

Ngokuqinisekileyo, phantse zonke uphando olutshanje kwi-CSBD kwi-intanethi abasebenzisi be-porn. Yi le uphando ezikhokelela kwizazinzulu ezikhokelayo zehlabathi ezisebenza kwikomiti ye-CSBD ye-ICD-11 ukubandakanya ukuxilongwa kwe-CSBD kwincwadana entsha yokuqonda isifo. Inyaniso, ngaphezulu kwe 80% kubo bonke abo bafuna unyango lwe-CSBD baxela ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwe-intanethi. Iya kuba bubudenge nakweyiphi na i-Deniers ukucebisa ukuba i-CSBD ayijoliswanga ekuchongeni abo "banomlutha we-porn." Kodwa abanye benza.

Lumkela uManyano lweNzululwazi yezeNzululwazi. Zibuze, “Ngaba olu manyano lukhona inempembelelo yoluntu ngombono kwaye "Ukugunyazisa" imbonakalo ye-pro-porn? ” Ukuba i-Big Porn (yenza izigidi kwingeniso yeentengiso ezivela kwimithwalo yamaphepha eendwendwe) kunye ne-Big Pharma (ukuthengisa iziyobisi ezinenzuzo yokuphucula iziyobisi kwizigidi zabantu abaselula okokuqala kwimbali) hayi Ukuzama ukuphembelela izimvo zabo bonke abantu kwi-intanethi yanamhlanje ukukhusela iingeniso zabo… kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuphela kwamashishini ezigidi zeedola azikho benzisa ezo ndlela.

Ichaphaza elikhethwe yi-Alliance, amaphepha angahambelani ayimeli kwangaphambili yophando

Ngaba unobhala? Ubalekele inzululwazi yesayensi ye-Porn Science Deniers Alliance, kwaye ufune impembelelo yabalobi bala maphepha amaninzi kunoko. PhawulaNgokungafaniyo noMdibaniso, i-YBOP ibonelela ngezicatshulwa ezifanelekileyo kwisifundo ngasinye esidwelisiweyo. Uluhlu lweAlliance lubonelela kuphela ngokuchazwa ngokutyebileyo, uhlala ushiya iinkcukacha eziphambili okanye iziphumo.

1) Umlutha woonwaba / wesondo? Eli phepha liluhlu Izifundo ze-55 ze-neuroscience (I-MRI, i-FMRI, i-EEG, i-neuropsychological, i-hormonal). Banikela ngenkxaso enamandla kwimodeli yoxilongo njengoko iziphumo zabo zibonakalisa iziphumo zeengqondo ezichazwe kwizifundo zokuxhatshaliswa kweziyobisi. Ukuxubusha ingongoma engathethiweyo yokuthetha "inqweno yesini ephakamileyo" ichaza ukuxhatshazwa koonobumba okanye ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesini: Ngaphezulu kwezifundo ze-25 zikhohlisa ibango lokuba isini kunye neziyobisi ezingamanyala "banomnqweno ophezulu wesondo"

nguyenbyen

I-2) Iingcamango zengcali zangempela kwi-pornography / inxephezelo yesondo? Olu luhlu luqulethe Ukuhlaziywa kweencwadi ze-30 zakutshanje kunye namazwana ngenye yezinzulu zenzululwazi kwihlabathi. Yonke inkxaso ngenkxaso yomzobo.

I-3) Iimpawu zokuxhatshazwa nokunyuka kwezinto ezigqithiseleyo? Izifundo ezingaphezu kwe-60 zokubika iziphumo zihambelane nokukhula kwezilwanyana (ukunyamezela), ukuhlala kwimiba yezononophelo, kunye nokukhutshwa kweempawu (zonke iimpawu kunye neempawu ezinxulumene nomlutha).

4) Iiduna kunye neengxaki zesondo? Olu luhlu luqulethe iikhompyutheni ze-40 ezidibanisa ukusetyenziswa koononophelo / ukuxhatshazwa koononophelo kwiingxaki zesondo kunye nokwenyuka kwe-sexually stimulus. The Izifundo zokuqala ze-7 kuluhlu lubonisa bangela, njengabathathi-nxaxheba baqhelise ukusetyenziswa koononophelo kunye nokuphulukisa izifo ezingasinikiyo zesondo.

5) Imiphumo yezononophelo kwimibutho? Izifundo ezingaphezulu kwe-80 zidibanisa ukusetyenziswa koononophelo ukuya kwisini esincinci kunye nolwaneliseko lobuhlobo. Ngokuba sifuna zonke Izifundo ezibandakanya abesilisa ziye zaxela ukusetyenziswa koononophelo olunxulumene nalo zihlwempu zesini okanye ukwaneliseka kobudlelwano.

6) Ukusetyenziswa koonobumba kunokuchaphazela impilo yengqondo kunye nengqondo? Izifundo ezingaphezulu kwe-85 zidibanisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-porn nakwimpilo yengqondo-yeemvakalelo kunye neziphumo zokuqonda ezihlwempuzekileyo. Azikho zonke izifundo ezihambelanayo? Nope: Izifundo ezingaphezulu kwe-75 zibonisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-porn kubangela iziphumo ezingalunganga kunye neempawu, kwaye ingqondo iyatshintsha.

7) Ukusetyenziswa koonobumba kuchaphazela iinkolelo, izimo zengqondo kunye nokuziphatha? Hlola ezi zifundo - ngaphezu kwe-40 yokuxhatshazwa kwezilwanyana zezilwanyana "kwiingcamango ezingafaniyo" malunga nabasetyhini kunye neengcamango zesondo - okanye isishwankathelo sezifundo ze-135 kule mvavanyo-meta ye-2016: Imidiya kunye nokuSondo: I-State of Research Empirical, 1995-2015. Ngcaciso:

Injongo yale ngongoma yayiwukuba kuhlanganiswe uphando lweempawu zokuhlola uphando lwezesondo zoxhatshazo. Ugxininiso lwaluphando olushicilelwe ekuhlaziyweni koontanga, iincwadi zeelwimi zesiNgesi phakathi kwe-1995 kunye ne-2015. Iimpapasho ze-109 eziqulethwe zifundo ze-135 zahlaziywa. Iziphumo zanikezela ubungqina obuqhubekayo bokuthi ukuboniswa kwebhubhoratri kunye nokuhlaliswa rhoqo kwimihla ngemihla kuhambelana ngqo nemiphumo eyahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa amanqanaba aphezulu ekunganeliseki komzimba, ukuzithemba okukhulu, ukuxhaswa okukhulu kweenkolelo zesini kunye neenkolelo zentlobano zesini, kwaye ukunyamezela okukhulu kobundlobongela ngesondo malunga nabasetyhini. Ngaphezu koko, ukuchazwa kokulinga kwesi siqulatho kubangela ukuba amabhinqa namadoda abe nombono oncitshiswe ngokubhekisele kwiinkalo zabasetyhini, ukuziphatha kunye noluntu.

8) Kuthiwani ngokuxhatshazwa ngokwesini kunye nokusetyenziswa koonobumba? Olunye uhlalutyo lweemeta: I-Meta-Uhlalutyo lweeNzame zoTywala kunye nezoNyathelo zeZenzo zoLwabizo ngokwesondo kwi-Studies General Population (2015). Ngcaciso:

Izifundo ze-22 ezivela kumazwe ahlukeneyo akwa-7 zahlaziywa. Ukusetyenziswa kwakunxulumene nobudlova ngokwesondo kwi-United States nakumazwe ngamazwe, phakathi kwamadoda kunye nabesifazane, kunye nokufundiswa kwexesha kunye nexesha elide. Amanyano ayomelele ngokuthetha ngaphezu kwesondo, nangona bobabini bebalulekileyo. Umzekelo jikelele weziphumo uphakamise ukuba umxholo onobundlobongela unokuthi ube yinto enzima.

"Kodwa ayenakho ukuziphatha kakubi kweentlanzi?" Hayi, amazinga okudlwengula ayenyuka kwiminyaka yamuva: "Amanani okudlwengula aya kunyuswa, ngoko ke uyayigxeka inkohlakalo ye-porn-pro. "

9) Kuthiwani ngokusetyenziswa koononophelo kunye nentsha? Jonga olu luhlu izifundo ze-280 eziselula, okanye oku kuhlolwa kweencwadi: uhlaziyo # # 1, hlaziya2, uhlaziyo # # 3, uhlaziyo # # 4, uhlaziyo # # 5, uhlaziyo # # 6, uhlaziyo # # 7, uhlaziyo # # 8, uhlaziyo # # 9, uhlaziyo # # 10, uhlaziyo # # 11, uhlaziyo # # 12, uhlaziyo # # 13, uhlaziyo # # 14, uhlaziyo # # 15. Ukususela kwisiphelo sesiphumo se-2012 yophando - Impembelelo ye-intanethi ye-Internet kwi-Adolescents: Ukuphononongwa koPhando:

Ukwandisa ukufikelela kwi-Intanethi ngabaselula baye badala amathuba angakaze afikelele kwimfundo yesondo, ukufunda nokukhula. Ngokwahlukileyo, umngcipheko wengozi obonakalayo kwincwadi iye yabangela abaphandi ukuba baphenye ukutshatyalaliswa kwentombazana engamanyala kwi-intanethi ngokuzama ukuluhluza ukulwa. Ngokuhlangeneyo, ezi zifundo zibonisa ukuba ulutsha oludla uonografi inokuhlakulela amaxabiso kunye neenkolelo zesini ezingekho ngqiqweni. Phakathi kweziphumo, amanqanaba aphezulu okuziphatha okuvumelekileyo ngokwesondo, ukuxhalaba ngokwesondo, kunye nokuvavanywa kwangaphambili kwezesondo kuye kwahambelana nokusetyenziswa rhoqo koonografi ... Nangona kunjalo, ukufunyanwa okungaguqukiyo kuye kwavela kunxibelelana nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweefografi ezibonisa ubundlobongela ngamanqanaba anyukayo okuziphatha gwenxa ngokwesondo.

Uncwadi lubonisa unxibelelwano phakathi kokusetyenziswa kwabantwana abakwishumi elivisayo kwimifanekiso engamanyala kunye nokuzazi. Amantombazana axela ukuba azive ephantsi ngokwasetyhini abajongayo kwimifanekiso engamanyala, ngelixa abafana boyika ukuba bangangabinayo intsholongwane okanye bangakwazi ukwenza njengamadoda kwezi media. Abafikisayo baxele ukuba ukusebenzisa kwabo iphonografi kunciphile njengoko ukuzithemba kwabo kunye nophuhliso lwentlalo lukhula. Ukongeza, uphando lubonisa ukuba abakwishumi elivisayo abasebenzisa iphonografi, ngakumbi leyo ifumaneka kwi-Intanethi, banamanqanaba asezantsi okudityaniswa kwezentlalo, inyuka kwiingxaki zokuziphatha, amanqanaba aphezulu ekuziphatheni okunxaxhileyo, imeko ephezulu yokubonakalisa uxinzelelo, kunye nokunciphisa ukubondana ngokweemvakalelo nabanonopheli.

Amagqabantshintshi okhetho lwe-Alliance olu-Cherry, olukhethwe ngamaphepha angathandekiyo

Uvavanyo olusondeleyo kuluhlu lwezifundo zoMdibaniso lubonisa ukukhethwa kwetsheri, ukuthanda icala, ukushiyeka okumangalisayo, kunye nenkohliso.realyourbrainonporn ukukha itsheri

Ekuqaleni, Isiqingatha samaphepha adweliswe abhalwe ngabaDeniers. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba izifundo zabaDeniers ngokuthandwa nguPrause, uKohut, uFisher okanye uŠtulhofer akaze afumane ziphumo zingalunganga ekusebenziseni iphonografi (eneneni, iziphumo ezibi zihlala zichithwe kwidatha yazo, njengoko siza kubona ngezantsi). Ezi zifundo zeDeniers azingqinelani nokulungelelaniswa kophando kwicandelo. Umzekelo, kaTaylor Kohut Uvavanyo lwe-2017 olungenanomlinganiselo wokusebenzisana kunye nokusetyenziswa koonobumba ibango lokufumana iziphumo ezibi ezimbalwa. Iphepha elinobuqili likaKohut liyaphikisana nazo zonke ezinye izifundo ezakha zapapashwa kumadoda: Ngaphezulu kwezifundo ze-70 zokudibanisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-porn ukuya kwisini esincinci kunye nokwoneliseka kobudlelwane kunye nazo zonke iifundo ezibandakanya abesilisa abavakalisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa koononophelo kudibeneyo zihlwempu zesini okanye ukwaneliseka kobudlelwano.

Isibini, uluhlu luyekanga nje kuphela ukuphazamiseka kobubungqina, kodwa kwanomsebenzi wazo zonke iinjongo zesazi zezemfundo eziye zapapasha izifundo zabasebenzisi bezono ze-porn okanye izifundo ze-CSBD. Oku kubandakanya uMarc Potenza, uMatias Brand, uValerie Voon, uChristian Laier, uSimone Kühn, uJürgen Gallinat, uRudolf Stark, uTim Klucken, uJi-Woo Seok, uJin-Hun Sohn, uMateusz Gola nabanye abaninzi. Njengomzekelo omnye, kutheni izifundo zikaMatthias Brand zishiyiwe kuluhlu lweAlgeria? UBrand ubhalile Izifundo ze-310, intloko yeSebe leengqondo: UkuCognition, kwiYunivesithi yaseDuisburg-Essen, uphatha i-lab kunye nabaphandi abangaphezu kwe-20, kwaye ushicilele izifundo ezingaphezulu kweengcali zezilwanyana ezingamanyala nakwizonyango kunanoma yimuphi umphandi emhlabeni. (Jonga uluhlu lwakhe lwezifundo zokuxhatshazwa kocwangco apha: Ucwaningo lwe-20 neurological kunye neengxelo ze-5 zoncwadi.)

Isithathu, amaninzi amaphepha adweliswe yi-Alliance amaqonga nje, kungekhona izifundo. Thetha malunga ne-citation inflation! (Qaphela: Ngokuchasene namabango kwindawo yoMbutho, lo website ziluhlu kuphela, kodwa iimeko eziqhelekileyo iingcamango ezicingayo, zazo uphando.)

Isine, uludwe luqulethe akukho uphononongo lwencwadi kunye nohlaziyo olulodwa lweemeta, ezizimelela kwizifundo ze-21 ezihlola ukusetyenziswa koononophelo ngabantu abadala ngokwesondo: "UUkusetyenziswa koononografi kunye nolwalamano phakathi kweentlobano zoononophala kunye nokulala ngokwesini: Ukuhlaziywa okucwangcisiweyo."Ngelixa uhlalutyo lweemeta luqukumbela ukusetyenziswa kwe-porn aluhambelani nokukhubekisa abantu abadala ngokwesondo kukho isizathu esihle sokubuza iziphumo. Umzekelo, ababhali baphinde bafumana iziphumo ze-189, kodwa babandakanya kuphela i-21 kuphononongo lwabo. Ukubeka ngokulula, izifundo ezininzi ezineziphumo ezichaseneyo ngaphandle.

Ukungabikho koqwalaselo kuphononongo loncwadi kunye nohlalutyo lweemeta kuluhlu lweAlliance kukunikezela ngokufa ukuba iAlliance icherry-ikhethe izifundo zangaphandle (zihlala zazo). Ngelixa uninzi lwamacandelo ophando oluhlangeneyo angazibolekisi kuphononongo loncwadi okanye uhlalutyo lweemeta, abambalwa banokuthi: "Uthando kunye nobuhlobo" okanye "ulutsha." Kutheni unganiki umfundi olunye uphononongo loncwadi kwimifanekiso engamanyala kunye "nolutsha" (abakwishumi elivisayo), njenge: uhlaziyo # # 1, hlaziya2, uhlaziyo # # 3, uhlaziyo # # 4, uhlaziyo # # 5, uhlaziyo # # 6, uhlaziyo # # 7, uhlaziyo # # 8, uhlaziyo # # 9, uhlaziyo # # 10, uhlaziyo # # 11, uhlaziyo # # 12? Kutheni le nto udidi lomanyano "Uthando & nobuhlobo" lungabonisi uphononongo loncwadi kwimifanekiso engamanyala kunye nokwoneliseka ngokwesondo okanye ubudlelwane, njenge: uhlaziyo # # 1, uhlaziyo # # 2, uhlaziyo # # 3? Ngaba kungenxa yokuba olu hlaziyo aluhambelani ne-ajenda yoMbutho?

Isihlanu, kwaye uninzi oluxelayo, uluhlu lweAlliance alubandakanyi phantse lonke uphando oludibanisa ukusetyenziswa koononophelo kwiziphumo ezibi (ezibandakanya uninzi lwezifundo ze-porn). Ngaphezu koko, kulezo zifundo ezimbalwa zoBambiswano zidweliswe wenza Xela iziphumo ezibi, umanyano luyazishiya iziphumo ezinjalo kwiinkcazo zabo. Ngokusebenzisa uluhlu lwe-YBOP lwezifundo ezifanelekileyo sinokuchonga inkohliso yabo ngokulula: nguyenbyen

  1.  U manyano yashiya konke Izifundo ze-55 ze-neurological kubasebenzisi bezesono kunye nezifundo ze-CSB, ngaphandel kwe Prause et al., 2015 (abaxeleli abafundi malunga Iimviwo ze-10 ezihlaziyiweyo zontanga ezithi ukufundwa kwe-EEG ye-Prause kuyayinceda imodeli yomlutha).
  2.  U manyano ziyeke zonke kodwa ezimbini kokugqitha Izifundo ze-80 ezidibanisa ukusetyenziswa koononophelo ukuya kwisini esincinci kunye nolonwabo. Umdibaniso ulahlekise umfundi kwezi zifundo zimbini (kunye nabanye kwicandelo "lothando"): njengoko zombini zinxibelelana nokusetyenziswa kwe-porn kulwalamano oluhlwempuzekileyo okanye ukungathembeki okungakumbi: 1, 2.
  3.  U manyano yashiya konke I-30 yakutshanje ye-neuroscience esekwe kuncwadi kunye neenkcazo, ebhalwe ezinye zeengcali zonyango kwihlabathi. Wonke amaphepha e-25 axhasa imodeli yoxhatshazo.
  4.  U manyano ukushiya zonke izifundo kuloluhlu kwizifundo ze-40 ezidibanisa ukusetyenziswa koononophelo "ukuziphatha okungalinganiyo" malunga nabasetyhini kunye neengcamango zesondo. Bashiye olu hlaziyo lwe-2016 meta-analysis ye-135 izifundo zokuvavanya iimpembelelo zoononophala kunye nokusetyenziswa kweendaba zesondo kwiinkolelo, izimo zengqondo kunye nokuziphatha: Imidiya kunye nokuSondo: I-State of Research Empirical, 1995-2015.
  5. U manyano ziyeke zonke kodwa ezimbini kwamaphepha kuleluhlu Izifundo ze-60 zokunika ingxelo ezifunyanisiweyo zihambelana nokunyuka kokusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana (ukunyamezela), ukuhlala kwimiba yezononophelo, kunye nokukhutshwa kweempawu (zonke iimpawu kunye neempawu ezinxulumene nomlutha). Ezi zifundo zibini ziyi-Deniers Nicole Prause kunye noAlexandro Štulhofer, abo babhale ngokucophelela abhaliweyo bawadukisa umfundi: Ukufunda i-1 (Prause et al., 2015 - kwakhona); Ukufunda i-2 ngu-Štulhofer.
  6. U manyano ziyeke zonke kodwa ezintathu kwamaphepha kuleluhlu Izifundo ze-40 ezidibanisa ukusetyenziswa koononono / ukuxhatshazwa koonobumba kwiingxaki zesini kunye nokwenyuka okunciphisayo kwisistim sezesondo. Akumangalisi ukuba izifundo ze-3 zenziwa ngu-Deniers u-Alexander Štulhofer, uJoshua Grubbs, noJames Cantor. Ngokomzekelo obalaseleyo wokulahla ukuzithemba izifundo zabo, zonke iimpapasho ze-3 zixelile iingqungquthela phakathi kweengxaki zesondo kunye nokusetyenziswa koononophelo okanye ukutshaya i-porn: Ukufunda i-1 ngu-Štulhofer; Ukufunda i-2 nguGrubbs; Ukufunda i-3 nguCantor.
  7. U manyano ziyeke zonke kodwa ezimbini ye Izifundo ze-27 ezichasene nencoko yokuthetha ukuba isondo kunye neentlonelo zobulili " (amaphepha amabini afanayo akwiiweluhlu oludlulileyo: ukufundelwa ngu-Štulhofer; kufunda nguJames Cantor).
  8. U manyano uyishiyile onke amaphepha kuloluhlu malunga nezifundo ze-85 ezidibanisa ukusetyenziswa koononophelo kwimpilo engqondweni yengqondo kunye nemiphumo engqondweni.
  9. U manyano ishiywe yonke kodwa i-3 yezifundo ze-280 kule uluhlu olubanzi amaphepha aphononongwa ngoontanga avavanya ifuthe le-porn kwabakwishumi elivisayo. (Umanyano lwe-Denier Alliance luyekisiwe ngokufanelekileyo uphononongo loncwadi olupapashwe kulutsha nakwindlela yokusebenzisa iphonografi: uhlaziyo # # 1, hlaziya2, uhlaziyo # # 3, uhlaziyo # # 4, uhlaziyo # # 5, uhlaziyo # # 6, uhlaziyo # # 7, uhlaziyo # # 8, uhlaziyo # # 9, uhlaziyo # # 10, uhlaziyo # # 11, uhlaziyo # # 12, uhlaziyo # # 13, uhlaziyo # # 14, uhlaziyo # # 15.)

Phantse onke amaphepha e-Alliance abhekiswa kwizikrelemnqa zangaphambili zamanqaku ePrause

Silapha ngaphambili, kwaye ke noNicole Prause. Uninzi lwamaphepha akhankanywe nguMbutho babebizwa ngaphambili, kwaye baphotha, kwiziqwenga zePrause ezibhalwe kwangaphambili: iileta ezimbini eziya kumhleli, kunye nenqaku elibhaliweyo elibhalwe kunye nabanye abaDeniers ababini (Taylor Kohut noMarty Klein). I-YBOP iveze onke amaphepha e-cherry akhethwe ngu-Prause akhankanyiweyo, ngelixa kusenziwa ityala lababhali abangaxhaswanga, kwezi zicalulo zintathu zibanzi:inyaniyourbrainonporn yayikhe yenziwa loo nto

Ukuba awufuni kukhathazeka ngecandelo elizayo elizayo, jonga ukudilizwa kwe-YBOP ye-Prause / Klein / Kohut kaJulayi 30, 2018 Slate nqaku: Kutheni Sisaxhalabe Ngokuphathelele Ukujonga Iidemon?? Kulula ukwetyisa njengoko i-3 Deniers eyibhale ngokulungeleleneyo ibopha onke amanqaku abo aqhelekileyo okuthetha kunye nezifundo ezikhethiweyo ezikhethiweyo zecherry abazicaphula rhoqo kwinqaku elinye.

U-Nicole Prause uthinta enye yeencwadi zakhe kwi-editor ngokuthi "debunking" ubukho bobulili kunye noxilongo lwe-porn ("Ukukhubazeka kokuziphatha ngokwesondo" kwixesha elizayo ICD-11): "Iinkcukacha azixhaseli ngesondo njengomlutha."Nangona ileta yakhe ayikho into enokuyenza. Le ngcamango yegama le-240 (Prause et al., 2017) ucaphula izifundo zero ukuxhasa amabango ayo, ukubonelela kuphela ngesivakalisi esinye, esichaswa ngokulula njengobungqina bodwa obuchasene nemodeli yokulutha. Le leta, kuyacaca ukuba yenziwa nguPrause isayinwe ngabakhanyeli abane bezesondo (u-Erick Janssen, uJanniko Georgiadis, uPeter Finn noJames Pfaus), aba-3 kubo badweliswe njenge "Iingcali" kwiwebhusayithi entsha, kwaye sasiyimpendulo kwenye ileta emfutshane: Ngaba ukuziphatha ngokwezesondo ngokugqithiseleyo kuyinkinga yomlutha? (Potenza et. al., 2017), ebhalwe nguMarc Potenza, Mateusz Gola, uValerie Voon, uAriel Kor kunye noShane Kraus. Iindawo zokuthetha eziseleyo zeDeniers kunye namabango angaxhaswanga afunyenwe kwisicatshulwa seYBOP: Uhlalutyo lwe "Idatha ayixhaseli ngokwesondo njengomlutha" (Prause et al., 2017).

Awunako ukuxokisa imodeli ukuba awunakunika nayiphi na imodeli

Uluhlu loMbutho lwezifundo ezikhethiweyo ze-cherry zaziswa nge-standard-like drivel malunga "nokukhohlisa."

Inzululwazi yindlela yokukhohlisa imodeli esebenzayo ngokuqwalasela ngendlela efanelekileyo. Kwizengqondo kunye neenzululwazi ezihambelanayo, le mizekelo iingcamango malunga nokuba kutheni umntu okanye iqela libandakanya ukuziphatha. Ubuxoki buyingcambu ephakamileyo kumamodeli: Ukuba kukho nawuphi na ukuchazwa komzekelo awuxhaswanga, yonke imodeli ilahlwa. Nangona iziphumo zokufunda ezihambelanayo nesibonelelo somzekelo zandisa ukuzithemba kwethu ukuba ukuxelwa komfanekiso omnye kuxhaswa, ngasinye isibonelelo esisodwa somzekelo kufuneka sibambelele ukwenzela ukuba imodeli ithathelwe ingqalelo inkxaso. Ngako oko, izifundo eziphambili zifundo zizo ukunyaniseka izibikezelo zemizekelo. Ekugqibeleni, umzekelo awuzange "uqinisekiswe", ngenxa yokuba isibonelelo sokusikisela singasoloko sinyanzeliswa ngokufunda ngokuzayo. Iimodeli "zisekelwa" okanye "zikhohlisiwe". Olu lwazi (ngezantsi) lubonisa ezinye zezinto eziyimfuneko ze-falsifications ezenzeke kwizesayensi zefilimu yesini.

Ekubeni, lizwakala limnandi, kodwa umfundi ushiywe ebumnyameni leyo mzekelo Intoni Umanyano lubanga ukuba lububuxoki. Ukungahambi kakuhle kwamacandelo okufunda (i-LGBT, uLutsha, uMmiselo, abaSebenzi, ubuKhulu,) banikezela ukuqonda okumbalwa kwiimodeli ze-X, Y, okanye Z ezixhaswayo, okanye hayi. Nangona kunjalo ezi “iingcali” sixelelwa ukuba sithembe?nguyenbyen

Elona candelo licetyiswayo kwi "modeli" yile Icandelo leemodeli zoxhatshazo ngokwesini, Ukanti umfundi akaze axelelwe ukuba yeyiphi imodeli ebubuxoki efunyanwa ziziphi iziphumo zawo nawaphi na amaphepha abo athathwe ngeetsheri. Kuyimfihlakalo. In the "models of hypersexuality" section Ngaba i-Alliance ingabhekisa kwimodeli ethile yeziyobisi ezingamanyala (CSBD)? Mhlawumbi, kodwa uninzi lwamaphepha adwelisiweyo alunanto yakwenza nokulutha kwe-porn, njengoko beshiye konke ngaphandle kwelinye Izifundo ze-55 ze-neurological & 30 uphononongo / amagqabantshintshi adweliswe apha.

Ngaba babanga ukuba "bayilahlekisile" imodeli yoxhatshazo ngokwesini? Umanyano lubonelela ngamaphepha eembono ezimbalwa "kwiimodeli zesini," kodwa inye kuphela isifundo sokwenyani: Udumo, N., Steele, VR, Staley, C., Sabatinelli, D., & Hajcak, G.. (2015). Njengoko zininzi zezifundo zoBambiswano, okokufundisisa, Prause et al., 2015, ayisiyiyo le nto ibonakala ngathi iyiyo. Nangona uPrause ngesibindi wathi ungowabo, uvavanyo lwe-EEG oluphosakeleyo luye lwaxubha umlutha wezobisi, Amaphepha e-9 ahlaziywe ngoontanga akavumelani. Onke amaphepha e-10 ayakuvuma oko Prause et al., 2015 ngokoqobo bafumene intshutshiso okanye ukuhlala kwintsebenziswano yabasebenzisi bezononophelo abaqhelekileyo (into ehambelanayo nomlutha): Iingcaphephe ezihlaziyiweyo zontanga Prause et al., 2015

Ukuba amalungu alliance are Ukubhekisa "ekukhohliseni" imodeli ethile yokulutha iphonografi, yeyiphi imodeli yokuba likhoboka layo? Ngaba yi umgqugquzeli wokukhuthaza ukukhutshwa komlutha? Okanye mhlawumbi ukuvuza umlinganiselo wokungahambi kakuhle? Okanye mhlawumbi umzekelo wenkqubo yokuchasa? Mhlawumbi omnye umzekelo?

Ukuba umanyano lusoloko lusazisa ukuba yeyiphi imodeli abajongana nayo, kuya kufuneka kwakhona basixelele ukuba zeziphi iziphumo ezixhasayo okanye "zenze inkohliso" kwimodeli ekhethiweyo yeziyobisi. Ingcali yenzululwazi Matuesz Gola babenemibuzo efanayo yakhe ngcamango Prause et al., 2015, apho abonisa ukungakwazi kukaPrause ukubiza ukuba yeyiphi imodeli yokulutha athi "ukhohlisile":

Sekunjalo, ngenxa yokungabikho kwengcamango esicacileyo ye-addiction model ehlolwayo kunye neparadimm yokulinga engacacanga (kunzima ukuchaza intsingiselo yemifanekiso engabonakaliyo), akunakwenzeka ukuba uthetha ukuba iziphumo zichasene, okanye ukuthanda, ingcamango "malunga noonografi umlutha. "Izifundo eziphambili ngakumbi kunye neempendulo ezichazwe kakuhle zibizwa ngokuba zi. Ngelishwa ngelithi isihloko sobongozo sikaPrause et al. (I-2015) inqaku liye lathintela kumajelo aseburhulumenteni, ngaloo ndlela iphakamisa isiphetho esingavumelekanga sesayensi. Ngenxa yokubaluleka kwezentlalo kunye nezopolitiko kwesihloko sempembelelo yokusetyenziswa kwamanyala, iiphrojekthi kufuneka zifikelele kwizigqibo ezizayo ngokulumkisa.

Emva kokubhencwa nguGola, uPrause wabhengeza- emva kwenyani- ukuba ufundo lwe-EEG lwenzelwe ukuvavanya "ukusebenza kwakhona" (ku khuthazwa), endaweni yokuhlala. Ukuba uyinyaniso, uMdumise ulungele ngokukhawuleza umgobo ongenazo kwi-"bold". Nokuba ku Prause et al. 2015 fu manise Ngaphantsi I-cue-reactivity kubasebenzisi abasebenzisa i-porn rhoqo, i-26 ezinye izifundo ze-neurological ziye zaxela i-cue-reactivity okanye iminqweno (sensitization) kubasebenzisi abanyanzelekileyo be-porn: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27.

Inzululwazi ayihambi kunye nokufundiswa komntu oyedwa ongathandabuzekiyo ophazamiseka yimilinganiselo emininzi yokuziphatha; inzululwazi iyahamba kunye nokugqithiswa kobungqina (ngaphandle kokuba ukhona I-Porn-Denier).

Ngokubhekiselele kuzo zonke ezinye iziqendu zokuBambisana, akukho mzekelo wezinto ezithe zagqithiswa ngumntu ongaphandle, amaphepha athathwe ngamakhanda.

Amalungu awahlukeneyo e-Porn Science Deniers Alliance anembali yokuchaza into engeyiyo eyabo kunye nezifundo zabanye

Ngelixa ezinye zeentetho ezidumileyo zihlala zimela kakubi iimeko zangoku zophando, zihlala ziphazamisa, zikhupha, kwaye zidlalisa ngokungazenzisiyo uphando lwabo. Ngezantsi ziyimimiselo yabaDeniers abathathu abapapashile izifundo ezininzi (amalungu amaninzi alliance angabalandeli, kungekhona abaphandi). Imizekelo eminye ikhona kwi Iingqinisiso zeZifundo eziNgcono kunye nezilahlekisayo icandelo.realyourbrainonporn ilahlekisa

UNicole Prause:

UJoshuwa Grubbs:

  • Izifundo zikaJosh Grubbs "zokuqonda ukuba likhoboka lamanyala". Kule 2016 Psychology Namhlanje inqaku, I-Grubbs ixoka ngokuxela ukuba amanqaku "abonwa ngokuba likhoboka le-porn" (iyonke i-CPUI-9) ayihambelani neeyure zokusebenzisa iphonografi:  U-Joshua Grubbs, ongu-professor of psychology e-Bowling Green University, uthiwa "umlutha wezonyango" ngumlingane, okanye nakweyedwa, akanalo nantoni na. Endaweni yoko, kunento enokuyenza nayo yonqulo kwaye livuselele Isimo sengqondo ngesondo. Ngamafutshane, uthi, "Kukukhuthaza iintloni." Kwinyani, Grubbs et al., I2015 ibike ukusetyenziswa koononophelo kwaba melele ingqikelelo "yokuqonda ukuba likhoboka lamanyala" kunokholo!
  • Kwakhe ukubhala okungaqinisekanga of I-Grubbs kunye neGola, I-2019, i-Josh Grubbs iyancipha ngokukhawuleza ukudibanisa phakathi kokusetyenziswa koonobumba obuninzi kunye nokulutha kwezilonda kunye neendlela ezimbi. Enyanisweni, ukuhambelana zaye lixelwe kuwo onke amaqela e-3 - ngakumbi kwiSampuli ye-3, eyona nto yayisisampuli esona sifanelekileyo njengokuba yayisisampuli esona sininzi kwaye iqokelelwe kakhulu kunye neqela elidala lamadoda njengamaxesha amaninzi achaphazelekayo yi-ED eyenziwe ngoonobumba. Ngesibindi umboniso wendlela yokwenza iziphumo zokufunda, Izigqibo zikaGrubbs zityeshela unxibelelwano phakathi kokusebenzisa iphonografi kunye nezinto ezihlwempuzekileyo ezazinjalo melele kunokunxibelelana kwakhe phakathi "kokuqonda ukuba likhoboka lamanyala" kunye nenkolo!

Alexander Štulhofer:

  • Umhlaba kunye neŠtulhofer, 2015: "Unxibelelwano olufutshane" luthi alufumananga ubudlelwane phakathi kokusetyenziswa kwe-porn kunye neengxaki zesondo. Njengoko kubhaliwe kuzo zombini le YBOP ihlalutye kwaye oku kuhlaziywa kweencwadi, Iphepha lika-Štulhofer liye laxela unxibelelwano olubalulekileyo phakathi kokusetyenziswa kwe-porn kunye ne-ED. Kwinqanaba lesibini le-chicanery, iphepha lika-Štulhofer ukushiya ezintathu iintsebenziswano ezibalulekileyo phakathi kokusetyenziswa koonobumba kunye neengxaki zesini, omnye wabalobi ababengenise ngaphambili nkomfa yaseYurophu.
  • Veitm, Štulhofer kunye neHald, 2016Izifundo zika-Štulhofer zihlala zinobugcisa "kulawulo lwezinto eziguquguqukayo" kude kube neziphumo ezibi ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa kwe-porn kuncitshisiwe okanye kuphele (okanye akakhankanyi nje kwi-abstract). Ukufunda le Štulhofer abstract ngekhe wazi ukuba ufumene unxibelelwano olubalulekileyo phakathi kokusetyenziswa kwe-porn kunye nolwalamano oluhlwempuzekileyo kunye nokwoneliseka ngokwesini kubo bobabini abesilisa nabasetyhini. Kweli phepha: “Kwababini nabasetyhini, ukulungelelanisa okungahambiyo kokulandelana phakathi kwe-SEM kunye nokwaneliseka kobudlelwane. "

Eminye imizekelo eninzi inikwe kwicandelo elilandelayo.

Ukuveza ukuhlangana kwamaphepha afunyenwe yi-Alliance: ukungachazi ulwazi, ukumelwa gwenxa, ukushiya kunye nobuxoki.

Apha ngezantsi sibonisa uMdibaniso kaMeyi wama-30, 2019 ukulandelelana kwamaphepha abo abathandayo. Iindidi kunye noku-odolwa kwamaphepha kuhlala kufana nokufumana kwindawo yabo. Ukuba kufanelekile, sinika intshayelelo kudidi oluchaza imeko yangoku yophando, imbali ye-Denier propaganda, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha siqikelela malunga neendlela eziphambili. Kuwo onke amaphepha sinika "uhlalutyo" kunye nokulungiswa kwemeko ethile yokuchazwa gwenxa, ukujikeleza nokushiya okubekwe nguMbutho okanye ngumbhali wamaphepha (uhlala eyenye Umanyano "lweengcali"). Sikwachaza ukuba iphepha: (1) yinkcazo okanye isifundo sokwenyani (uninzi asizizo izifundo), (2) kuvavanywe iziphumo zoononophala kumsebenzisi (uninzi aluzange), (3) kufanelekile kwicandelo elichaziweyo umxholo (uninzi alungeni ndawo), (4) kukugcwalisa nje okanye “ucaphulo lokunyuka kwamaxabiso” (uninzi alubonakali). Qhagamshela kumacandelo oManyano:

nguyenbyen

I-Erectile Nezinye izifo ezichaphazelekayo ngokwesondo

Umxholo / uqobo: Olu luhlu luqulethe iikhompyutheni ze-40 ezidibanisa ukusetyenziswa koononophelo okanye ukuxhatshazwa koonwabo kwiingxaki zezesondo kunye nokunyusa okunciphisa kwisini. (kubandakanywa nezifundo ezintathu zokusebenzisana ezidweliswe ngezantsi). I Izifundo zokuqala ze-7 kuluhlu lubonisa bangela, njengabathathi-nxaxheba baqhelise ukusetyenziswa koononophelo kunye nokuphulukisa izifo ezingasinikiyo zesondo.

Ukongezelela kwizifundo, Eli phepha liqulethe amanqaku kunye namavidiyo ngeengcali ze-160 (urology profesors, urologists, psychiatrists, psychologists, sexologists, MDs) abavuma kwaye baphumelele ukuphatha i-porn-induced ED kunye ne-porn-induced loss of sexual desire.

Iingxelo ze-ED ze-Historical: I-Erectile dysfunction yahlolwa kuqala kwi-1940 xa Ingxelo yeKinsey iphelile ukuba ukuxhaphaka kwe-ED kwakungaphantsi kwe-1% kumadoda omncinane kuneminyaka eyi-30, ngaphantsi kwe-3% kule minyaka eyi-30-45. Nangona uphando lwe-ED kumadoda amancinci lucacile, le 2002 uhlalutyo lweemeta lwe-6 uphando oluphezulu lwe-ED ingxelo yokuba i-5 yezifundo ze-6 zaxela amaxabiso e-ED kumadoda phantsi kwe-40 malunga ne-2%.

Ekupheleni kwe-2006 mahala, indawo ye-tube ye-tube ye-porn ehambayo yafika kwaye yafumana ukuthandwa ngokukhawuleza. Oku utshintshe uhlobo lokusetyenziswa koononophelo olukhulu. Ngethuba lokuqala kwimbali, ababukeli bangakwazi ukukhula ngokulula ngexesha leseshoni yokugcoba ngaphandle kokulinda.  Izifundo ezilishumi ezipapashwe kwi-2010 ibonisa ukunyuka okukhulu kwizinto zesondo. Kwizifundo ze-10, amazinga e-erectile ukungasebenzi kwamaqela phantsi kwe-40 avela kwi-14% ukuya ku-37%, ngelixa amaxabiso e-libido aphantsi aphuma kwi-16% ukuya ku-37%.

Ngaphandle kokufika koonobumba be-porn (2006) akukho nxu lumene ne-ED yolutsha lushintshile ngokugqithisileyo kwiminyaka yokugqibela ye-10-20 (ukutshaya kwezinga lokutshaya, ukusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa kuzinzile, ukulinganiswa kwezilwanyana kumadoda 20-40 iphakame kuphela i-4% ukususela I-1999 - icatshulwe kweli phepha le-2016 elihlaziywe ngontanga: Ngaba iinthombe zoononopasho ze-intanethi zibangelwa izidakamizwa zesondo? Ukuphononongwa ngeeNgxelo zeKlinikhi. Ukuxhuma kwangoku kwiingxaki zesondo kuhambelana nokupapashwa kwezifundo ezininzi ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa koononophelo kunye "nokuxhatshazwa koonwabo" kwiingxaki zesini kunye nokunyusa ukuhlaselwa kwesini.

Injongo yoMbutho: Ukwenza ukuthandabuza kwingqondo yoluntu. Kukudlala umdlalo ukuba uluntu kunye nonyango lubona ubunyani bokuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-porn yanamhlanje kunokubangela ukungasebenzi ngokwesondo okungapheliyo kubantu abancinci abasempilweni. Abaphikisi abanjengoLey, uPrause, uPerry, uKohut noLehmiller ukugxeka i-masturbation, kungekhona i-pornography, kwi-ED engapheliyo kwindoda enempilo. (Akukho urologist oya kuvuma.) Ngaphandle kokuncedisa nayiphi na inkxaso yenzululwazi, i-apologist-pornologists izama ukusikhuthaza ukuba hayi emva kokunyuka kwenyango lwama-ED kwi-intanethi ye-intanethi. (Akukho nto ngaphandle kwayo zoononophala, kunene?)

I-Ley kunye nePrause babhenele kwimilinganiselo engekho mthethweni kule minyaka ingama-7 idlulileyo, emva kokuba belwile Imfazwe ye-4 yeminyaka kulephepha lezemfundo, ngelixa ngaxeshanye behlukumeza kwaye bekhulula abafana abachaphazelayo ekuziphatheni okubi ngokwesini. Okokugqibela, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele umbhali UNicole Prause Unayo ubudlelwane obusondeleyo nomzi mveliso we-porn kwaye iphazamisekile kwi-PIED etyhafisayo, ikulindile Imfazwe ye-3 yeminyaka kulephepha lezemfundo, ngelixa ngaxeshanye behlukumeza kwaye bekhulula abafana abachachile kwi-porn-indased dysfunctions. Bona amaxwebhu: Gabe Deem #1, Gabe Deem #2, Alexander Rhodes #1, Alexander Rhodes #2, Alexander Rhodes #3, Icawa kaNowa, Alexander Rhodes #4, Alexander Rhodes #5, Alexander Rhodes #6, Alexander Rhodes #7, Alexander Rhodes #8, Alexander Rhodes #9, Alexander Rhodes #10,  UAlex Rhode # 11, UGabe Deem kunye no-Alex Rhode kunye # 12, Alexander Rhodes #13, Alexander Rhodes #14, Gabe Deem #4, Alexander Rhodes #15.

Ukuphononongwa kweencwadi ezenziwa ngabaDeniers:

1) Ngaba iinthombe zoononopasho ze-intanethi zibangelwa izidakamizwa zesondo? Ukuphononongwa ngeeNgxelo zeKlinikhi (2016) - Uhlaziyo olubanzi lweencwadi ezinxulumene neengxaki zesini zesondo ezibangelwa iicons. Ukubandakanya oogqirha be-Navy base-7 base-US, ukuhlaziywa kunika ulwazi olutshanje olubonisa ukunyuka okukhulu kweengxaki zesini zolutsha. Iphinde iphinde iphinde ihlolisise iiprogram eziphathelene nokuxhatshazwa kwezesondo kunye nesimo sezesondo nge-intanethi. Oogqirha bahlinzeka ngeengxelo ze-3 zecandelo lamadoda aphuhlisa i-porn-induced the dysfunctions. Amadoda amabini kwala madoda aphilisa izifo zabo zesondo ngokuphelisa ukusetyenziswa koonobumba. Indoda yesithathu ayizange iphuculwe kangangoko njengoko yayingakwazi ukuyeka ukusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana. Abstract

Iimpawu zendabuko ebezichaze iingxaki zesini zesini zibonakala zingenakulungele ukuba i-akhawunti ikhule ngokukhawuleza kwi-erectile dysfunction, i-delayed ejaculation, iyanciphisa ukwaneliseka ngokwesini, kwaye iyanciphisa i-libido ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo phakathi kwamadoda phantsi kwe-40. Olu hlalutyo (i-1) lijonga idatha kwiindawo ezininzi, umzekelo, iikliniki, i-biological (utywala / urology), yengqondo (isimo sengqondo sesini), i-sociological; kwaye (2) iveza uluhlu lweengxelo zeklinikhi, zonke ngenjongo yokucebisa isicwangciso esithile esinokuthi senze uphando ngexesha elizayo le meko. Utshintsho kwinkqubo yokukhuthaza kwengqondo ihlolisiswa njenge-etiology ebonakalayo ejongene nokuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo.

Olu hlaziyo luthathela ingqalelo ubungqina bokuba iipropathi ezingamanyala ezenziwa kwi-Intanethi (ezinobunqabileyo obungenamda, ukubakho lula kokuya kwinto egqithisileyo, ifomati yevidiyo, njl. Njl.) Zisenokubakho ngokwaneleyo kwimeko yokuvuselela inkanuko yesini kwimiba yokusebenzisa iphonografi kwi-Intanethi engaguquki ngokulula iye kwinyani -Iqabane elinobomi, elokuba iintlobano zesini kunye namaqabane anqwenelekayo zingabhalisi njengoko kulindelwe intlanganiso kunye nokuhla komtshato Iingxelo zeklinikhi zibonisa ukuba ukuyeka ukusetyenziswa kwe-Intanethi iphonografi ngamanye amaxesha kuyanele ukuphelisa iziphumo ezingalunganga, kugxininisa imfuneko yophando olunzulu kusetyenziswa iindlela ezinezifundo ezisusa umahluko wokusebenzisa iphonografi kwi-Intanethi.

2) Izidakamizwa zesondo kwi-Intanethi Era (2018) - Amacatshulwa:

Umnqweno wesini ophantsi, ukwaneliseka okunciphisayo kwezokwabelana ngesondo, kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-erectile (ED) kuya kuxhaphaka kubantu abancinci. Kwisifundo sase-Italiyane ukusukela ngo-2013, ukuya kuthi ga kwiipesenti ezingama-25 zezifundo ezazineengxaki zokuphelelwa ngu-ED zazingaphantsi kweminyaka engama-40 [1], kwaye kuphando olufanayo olupapashwe ngo-2014, ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha samadoda aseKhanada abelana ngesondo aphakathi kweminyaka eli-16 neli-21. wafumana uhlobo oluthile lokuphazamiseka kwesondo [2]. Ngexesha elifanayo, ukuxhaphaka kwendlela yokuphila engenampilo edibene ne-organic ED ayitshintshanga kakhulu okanye iye yehla kumashumi eminyaka edlulileyo, ephakamisa ukuba i-psychogenic ED isekhuphukeni [3].

I-DSM-IV-TR ichaza ezinye zeendlela zokuziphatha ezinesimo sokudodobala, ezinjengokungcakaza, ukuya ezivenkileni, indlela yokuziphatha ngokwesini, ukusetyenziswa kwe-Intanethi, kunye nokusetyenziswa komdlalo wevidiyo, "njengesiqhelo sokulawula iingxaki ezingachongwa kwenye indawo' -Ubutyebi buhlala buchazwa njengeziyobisi [4] ]. Uphando lwakutsha nje lucebise ngendima edlakatha yokuziphatha kweziyobisi ezingafunekiyo ngokwesondo: Utshintsho kwindlela ye-neurobiological ekubandakanyekeni kwempendulo yesini inokuba sisiphumo sophindaphindiweyo, esishukumisayo esingummangaliso semvelaphi eyahlukeneyo.

Phakathi kwezilingo zokuziphatha, ukusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi kunye ne-intanethi ye-intanethi yokusetyenziswa kwezinto eziphangaleleyo zidlalwa ngokubhekiselele kwimingcipheko yesifo soxhatshazo ngokwesondo, kaninzi kungekho nomda ocacileyo phakathi kwezi zimbini. Abasebenzisi be-intanethi bayakhangelwa kwi-intanethi ye-intanethi ngenxa yokungaziwa, ukukwazi ukufikelela, nokufikeleleka, kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi ukusetyenziswa kwayo kungahokelela abasebenzisi ngokusebenzisa ukuxilonga kwe-inthanethi: kule miba, abasebenzisi banakho ukulibala inxaxheba "yokuziphendukela kwemvelo" yesini, ukufumana ngakumbi uvuyo kwizinto ezikhethiweyo zesondo ngokuzikhethela ngokwesondo.

Kwiincwadi, abaphandi abahambisani nomsebenzi ontle kunye nombi we-intanethi. Ukususela kwimbono engafanelekanga, ibonisa imbangela ebalulekileyo yokuziphatha okunyanzelekileyo, ukuxhatshazwa kwe-cybersex, kunye ne-erectile dysfunction.

3) Izizathu zenyama kunye neengqondo zentsholongwane yezocansini kumadoda amancinane (2017) - Ukuhlaziywa okulandayo, kunye necandelo elibizwa ngokuthi "Umsebenzi weZonografi kwi-Ejaculation echelekileyo (DE)". Inkcazo kweli candelo:

Indima yezoononografi ekudlulelweni kwe-Ejaculation (DE)

Kule minyaka elishumi edlulileyo, ukwanda okukhulu kubukho kunye nokufikeleleka kwe-Intanethi yamanyala kubonelele ngezizathu ezandayo ze-DE ezinxulumene nembono yesibini kunye neyesithathu ka-Althof. Iingxelo ezivela kwi-2008 zifunyenwe kwi-14.4% yamakhwenkwe abonakaliswe kwimifanekiso engamanyala ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-13 kunye ne-5.2% yabantu ababukele iphonografi ubuncinci yonke imihla.76 Uphononongo lwe-2016 luveze ukuba la maxabiso anyukile aya kwi-48.7% kunye ne-13.2% ngokwahlukeneyo. I-76 Iminyaka yobudala yokuqala yokuvezwa kweefografi inegalelo kwi-DE ngobudlelwane bayo nezigulana ezibonisa i-CSB. Voon okqhubekayo. bafumanisa ukuba abafana abancinci abane-CSB babebukele izinto ezichazayo ngokwesondo kwiminyaka engaphambili kunontanga babo abalawulwa ngobudala.75

Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, abafana abancinci abane-CSB banokuba lixhoba lethiyori yesithathu ka-Althof ye-DE kwaye bakhethe ngokukhethekileyo ukuphulula amalungu esini ngaphezulu kwesini esahlulekileyo ngenxa yokungabikho kovuselelo kubudlelwane. Inani elonyukayo lamadoda abukela iphonografi mihla le ikwa negalelo kwi-DE ngokusebenzisa ithiyori yesithathu ka-Althof. Kwisifundo sabafundi bekholeji abangama-487, uSun et al. ifumene imibutho phakathi kokusebenzisa iphonografi kunye nokuncipha kokuzixela kokuziphatha ngokwesondo kunye namaqabane okwenyani.76 Aba bantu basemngciphekweni ophakamileyo wokukhetha i-masturbation ngaphezulu kweentlanganiso zesondo, njengoko kubonisiwe kwimeko yengxelo yePark et al. . Umntu oneminyaka eli-20 ubudala obhalise eyindoda eboniswe ubunzima ekufezekiseni i-orgasm kunye nomlingane wakhe kwiinyanga ezintandathu ezidlulileyo.

Imbali eneenkcukacha zesondo iveze ukuba isigulana sithembele kwimifanekiso engamanyala ekwi-Intanethi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwento yokudlala ngesondo echazwa njenge "lobufazi bobuxoki" ukuphulula amaphambili ngelixa kusasazwa. Ixesha elingaphezulu, wayefuna umxholo wento ekhulayo yomzobo okanye ye-fetish kwi-orgasm. Wavuma ukuba ufumene umlingane wakhe enomtsalane kodwa wakhetha uvakalelo lwento yakhe yokudlala kuba uyifumene ikhuthaza ngakumbi ukuba neentlobano zokwazana.77 Ukonyuka kokufikeleleka kwe-Intanethi yamanyala kubeka amadoda asemngciphekweni wokuphuhlisa i-DE ngokusebenzisa ithiyori yesibini ka-Althof, njengoko kubonisiwe Ingxelo yetyala elandelayo: UBronner et al. Udliwanondlebe nendoda enempilo eneminyaka engama-35 ebonisa izikhalazo zokungabinamnqweno wokulala ngesondo nentombi yayo nangona yayinomdla kuye ngokwasengqondweni nangokwesondo.

Imbali eneenkcukacha zesondo ityhile ukuba le meko yenzekile kunye nabasetyhini abangama-20 abadlulileyo abazame ukuthandana. Uye waxela ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweefografi ukusukela ebusheni okwakuqala ukuba ne-zoophilia, ubukhoboka, usizi, kunye ne-masochism, kodwa ekugqibeleni waqhubela phambili kwisini sobundlobongela, isini, kunye nesondo elinobundlobongela. Wayenokubona imifanekiso engamanyala ekucingeni kwakhe ukuba abelane ngesondo nabasetyhini, kodwa oko kuye kwaya kuyeka ukusebenza.74 Umsantsa phakathi kwesigulana esingamanyala kunye nobomi bokwenyani baba mkhulu kakhulu, sibangela ukulahleka komnqweno.

Ngokuka-Althof, oku kuyakubonisa njenge-DE kwezinye izigulana.73 Umxholo ophindaphindwayo wokufuna umxholo wephonografi wobume bomzobo obandayo okanye obusisi kwi-orgasm ichazwa nguPark et al. njenge ukungahlaliseki. Njengoko umntu evuselela isondo sakhe kwisinikelo soononografi, isondo ngobomi bokwenene asisisebenzisanga iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokwenzela i-ejaculate (okanye zivelise ukulungiswa okuqhubekayo kwimeko ye-ED) .77

Ngokumalunga nezifundo ezisixhenxe zoMdibaniso, amalungu ayo azama ukukhohlisa uluntu. Izifundo ezine kwezi sixhenxe zixele unxibelelwano olubalulekileyo phakathi kokusetyenziswa kwe-porn kunye neengxaki zesondo. Iinkcukacha kuzo zonke ezi-7 zezi zifundo zihambelana namabango e-Alliance:

  1. I-Erectile Dysfunction, uBoredom, kunye noxhatshazo phakathi kwamaMadoda adibeneyo avela kumazwe amabini aseYurophu (2015)
  2. Iimpawu zoMonde ngesimo sokuxhatshazwa kobuxhatshazo ngokwesini: Ukuhlaziywa kwesatifiketi esithengiweyo se-115 Iziganeko ezithintekayo zesini (2015)
  3. Ngaba Ukusetyenziswa koonografi kuSebenza kuhambelana nokusebenza kwe-Erectile? Iziphumo ezivela kuCalulo oluPhezulu lweCandelo loPhuhliso lweCandelo eliPhezulu kunye neLatter "(2019)
  4. Uphando lweSebenzi yezesondo kunye noTyhila (2019)

Kwizinto ezintathu ezishiyiweyo zoMdibaniso, enye ayijongiswanga ngoontanga, ngelixa abanye ababini begxekwa ngokusesikweni kuncwadi olujongwe ngontanga (jonga ngezantsi).

Ekugqibeleni, nangona onke amaphepha e-7 abikela ubuncinane okanye abukho ubudlelwane phakathi kokusetyenziswa koonwabo kunye neengxaki zesini (oko akunjalo), i-Alliance ayikho into eyenzileyo. Nangona i Prause ikhuluma ngokuphindaphindiweyo Karl Popper kunye neengcamango zakhe ezihlobene ukunyaniseka okanye ukungaqiniseki, uyahluleka ukusebenzisa le ngcamango kuye kuthiwa i-debunking ye-porn-stimulated dysfunctions (okanye umlutha wezobisi). Ukusebenzisa ifilosofi yama-Poppers kwiimangalo zePrause, siyifumana ukuba kunjalo mabango akhe ezikhohlisiwe. Njengoko uPapper wathi, umntu akanakuze aqinisekise ukuba "yonke i-swans imhlophe,

Xa kuziwa kwiinkcenkcesho zesini-zesondo ezibangelwa ngoononophelo sinezibi ezigcwele i-swans ezimnyama. Asikho nje kuphela esinamawaka unecdotal kwaye klinikhi Iingxelo zamadoda amancinci aphulukisa iintsholongwane zesondo ngokuphelisa ukusetyenziswa koonwabo, sinakho Iphepha le-7 elihlaziywe ngontanga ukubika ukuba amadoda aphilise ukunyanzelisa ngokwesondo ngokuphelisa ukusetyenziswa koonwabo:

  1. Isimo se-Psychogenic Anejaculation: I-Case Study (2014)
  2. Isenzo esingaqhelekanga sesenzo somzimba njengesisombululo se-etiological ekuxilongweni nasekunyangekeni koxinzelelo ngokwesondo kwi-young men (2014)
  3. Iimpawu zokuhlambalaza kunye nokuxhatshazwa ngokwesini (2016)
  4. Ngaba iinthombe zoononopasho ze-intanethi zibangelwa izidakamizwa zesondo? Ukuphononongwa ngeeNgxelo zeKliniki (2016)
  5. Kunzima kangakanani ukuphatha ukunyanzelwa kokubambezeleka ngaphakathi kwendlela yokwabelana ngesini nengqumbo? Uthelekiso lwesifundo (2017)
  6. Iimfono zoonografi zenza u-Erectile Dysfunction Among Among Young Men (2019)
  7. Ifihliwe kwi-Shame: amaNqaku aMadoda aMadoda aSebenzisa iNgxaki yePhupha eliSebenzisa ubuGwenxa (2019)

Awu, e Izifundo ze-32 ezongezelelweyo zidibanisa ukusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana / ukuxhatshazwa kocwangco kwiingxaki zesini kunye nokwehlisa ukunyuka kwesini. Ngamafutshane, amabango oMdibaniso alinyani.

Studi Studies:

I-Grubbs, JB, kunye neGola, M. (2019). Ngaba iifrafikhi zisetyenziswa zihambelana nokusebenza kwe-erectile? Iziphumo ezivela kwicala lokukhula kunye nelokukhula ngokukhawuleza lihlalutya. Iphepha lezonyango zesini, i-16 (1), i-111-125. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Ilungu leSigqeba uJoshuwa Grubbs. Nangona iphepha lifundwa ngokungathi libonisa i-ED ebangelwa zi-porn, olu phononongo lufumene ukuba zombini Ukusetyenziswa kobugqwetha obunzima (ubugqirha bezobisi) kwaye Amanqanaba aphezulu okusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana ahlobene zihlwempu ukusebenza kwe-erectile kuyo yonke i-3 yeesampuli zayo (jonga idatha yangempela kunye nenyaniso kule nkcazo). Isiphetho sikaDkt. Grubbs sokungakhathali asimangalisi kwabo balandele amabango angathandabuzekiyo kaGqirha uGrubbs ngokunxulumene ne "bebona ulwaphulo"Umkhankaso.

Ukubeka ngokulula, olu phononongo luxhasa isindululo sokuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-porn / iziyobisi zinxulumene nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-erectile. Ukuqonda i-Grubbs's bias, qaphela unxibelelwano phakathi kokusetyenziswa kwe-porn kunye ne-ED kwisampulu yakhe enkulu, efanelekileyo (iqela leminyaka lihlala linika ingxelo nge-PIED): (0.37). Yomelele kunolungelelwaniso lweGrubbs oluxeliweyo (kwelinye iphepha) phakathi “wabona ukuba likhoboka lamanyala ”kunye nenkolo (0.30) ukucacisa izivakalisi zakhe eziphakamileyo, ezikarhulumente ukuba inkolo iyabangela ukuxhatshazwa koonwabo. Yaye ke apha ugqiba ukuba unayo nga vunywanga I-ED-ihoxise i-ED, ihoxisa ukufumana kwakhe ukulungiswa kwe-0.37 kwisampula yayo efanelekileyo, yesampula enkulu! Imilinganiselo ephindaphindiweyo kabini, ewe?

Ngaphandle kokuchasana nokuqhagamshelana phakathi kweentlobo zesondo kunye nokuxhatshazwa koononophelo okanye ukusetyenziswa koononophelo, olu pho nonongo lunika inkxaso kuba ukuxhatshazwa kwezesondo zoxhatshazo.

IBerger, JH, Kehoe, JE, Doan, AP, Crain, DS, Klam, WP, Marshall, MT, kunye noChristman, MS (2019). SUrvey of Function and Sexography. LweMithi yoMkhosi. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Uphononongo lwabaninzi be-US Navy oogqirha be-Navy ababekuhlalutyo olukhankanyiweyo kakhulu lwencwadi: Ngaba iinthombe zoononopasho ze-intanethi zibangelwa izidakamizwa zesondo? Ukuphononongwa ngeeNgxelo zeKliniki (2016). Kutheni i-Alliance ishiya ngenjongo yeli phepha iphepha ngaphambili (emva kwayo yonke into, emva kwayo yonke into ukuphononongwa kweencwadi)? Owu ewe, kuba ubala ngokupheleleyo amanqaku athethwayo e-RealYBOP kunye neziqinisekiso ezingaxhaswanga.

Kolu phando, abaphandi bajonge ikhonkco phakathi kwe-ED kunye nezalathiso zeziyobisi ezingamanyala kusetyenziswa iphepha lemibuzo "lokulangazelela". Ngelixa kungekho khonkco liphenduliweyo (mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba abasebenzisi abangavavanyi ngokuchanekileyo inqanaba labo "lokulangazelela" de bazame ukuyeka ukusebenzisa), olunye ulungelelwaniso olunomdla lubonakele kwiziphumo zabo, ezishiywe yi-Alliance (njengoko besilindele njalo) ). Amagqabantshintshi ambalwa:

Amanani e-erectile dysfunction ayengaphantsi kwala [madoda] akhetha isondo esahlukileyo ngaphandle koonografi (i-22.3%) kwaye yanda ngokukhawuleza xa iifoto zoononophelo zikhethwa ngaphezu kwezesondo zobudlelwane (78%).

... Iifoto zoonografi kunye nokungasebenzi kwezesondo ziqhelekileyo kubantu abancinci.

...Abo bantu [basebenzise] malunga nentsuku zonke okanye ngaphezulu babenamazinga e-ED ye-44% (i-12 / 27) xa kuthelekiswa ne-22% (47 / 213) kulabo "abasebenzisi" abangaphezulu (≤5x / iveki), bafikelela kubaluleka hlalutyo (p= 0.017). Kungenzeka ukuba ivolumu idlala indima kwinqanaba elithile.

Kwakhona, njengoko abalobi bathi,

...I-pathophysiology ecetywayo ye-porn-induced ED ibonakala ibonakala kwaye isekelwe kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zabaphandi basebenze kungekhona iqoqo elincinci labaphandi abanokuthi bahlaselwe yintlupheko yokuziphatha. Kwakhona ukuxhasa uxhaso "lwe-causation" lweengxabano zibika ngamadoda aphinde asebenze umsebenzi wesondo oqhelekileyo emva kokuyeka ukusetyenziswa koonografi okugqithiseleyo.

...Kuphela zizifundo ezinokubakho ezinokukwazi ukusombulula ngokuqinisekileyo umbuzo we-causation okanye umbutho, kubandakanya nezifundo zongenelelo kuvavanyo lokuphumelela kokungakhathaleli kunyango lwe-ED kubasebenzisi abanzima bephonografi.. Abantu abongezelelweyo abaqinisekisa ukuba baqwalasele ngokukhethekileyo baquka iintsholongwane. Kuye kwaxhalabisa ukuba ukuboniswa kwangaphambili kwizinto eziphathekayo zesondo kunokuchaphazela uphuhliso oluqhelekileyo. Isantya sabantu abaselula bavelele kwiimifanekiso engamanyala ngaphambi kokuba i-13 ikhuphuke kathathu kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo, kwaye ngoku ihamba nge-50%.

Uphononongo olungentla lubekwe kwiNdibano ye-Urological Association ye-2017. Ambalwa amacatshulwa kweli nqaku malunga nalo - Isifundo sibona ukudibanisa phakathi koonobumba kunye nokungasebenzi kwezesondo (2017): 

Amadoda amancinci abakhetha iinthombe zoononophelo kwiziganeko zentlonelo yehlabathi ngokwenene angafumanisa abanjwe ngumgibe, akakwazi ukwenza ngesondo nabanye abantu xa ithuba lizenzele, iingxelo ezintsha zokufunda. Amadoda angama-Porn-addicted are likely to suffer from erectile dysfunction and are less likely to be satisfied with sex, ngokutsho kweengxelo zophando ezinikezwe ngoLwesihlanu kwintlanganiso ye-American Urological Association yonyaka, eBoston.

"Iirhafu zezizathu ezinobungozi be-erectile ukungasebenzi kule nqanaba elidala ziphantsi kakhulu, ngoko ukwanda kwe-erectile dysfunction esiyibonile ngaphezulu kwexesha eli qela kufuneka lichazwe," kusho uChristman. "Sikholelwa ukuba ukusetyenziswa koonografi kusetyenziswa yinto enye kwinqanaba".

Okulandelayo, "unxibelelwano olufutshane" (hayi isifundo) ukuba ababhali besifundo esingasentla ngokucatshulwa ngokusemthethweni ekuhlaziyweni koluhlobo lwabo lweencwadi.

Umhlaba, I., & Štulhofer, A. (2015). Ngaba ukusetyenziswa koonografi kusetyenziswe ubunzima bezesondo kunye neentsholongwane phakathi kwabantu abancinci besini? Iphepha lezonyango zesini, i-12 (5), i-1136-1139. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Ilungu loMbutho u-Alexander Štulhofer. Okokuqala, siqaphela ukuba zonke izifundo zika-Štulhofer kubonakala ngathi ukuvakalisa iziphumo ezincinane okanye ezingekho miphumo ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa koononophelo, ngokungafani nokuphambaniswa kweziphumo zabanye abaphandi abaphandi be-porn. Umhlaba kunye neŠtulhofer, I-2015 yayikhethwe "njengonxibelelwano olufutshane" kwincwadi ebonakala kuyo, kwaye ababhali ababini bakhetha idatha ethile ukwabelana ngayo, ngelixa beshiya enye idatha efanelekileyo. Eli phephancwadi lipapashwe kwakhona ngolu hlobo Umhlaba kunye neŠtulhofer: Ukuphawula ngolu hlobo: Ngaba i-Ethophyrase isebenzisane kunye nobunzima bezocansi kunye neengxaki ezithintekayo phakathi kwaBantu abancinci be-Heterosexual Men? nguGert Martin Hald, PhD

Okokuqala, malunga nesibango sokuba Umhlaba kunye neŠtulhofer, I-2015 ayifumananga ubudlelwane phakathi kokusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana kunye neengxaki zesini. Oku akuyinyani, njengoko kuboniswe kuzo zombini le YBOP ihlalutye kwaye ukuhlaziywa kweencwadi ekusombululeni oogqirha abali-7 baseMelika. Elokugqibela libhekisiwe Umhlaba kunye neŠtulhofer, 2015:

… .Kodwa, ngokusekwe kuthelekiso lweenkcukacha manani, ababhali bagqiba kwelokuba ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwe-Intanethi akubonakali kuyingozi enkulu kulutsha lwe-ED. Oko kubonakala kugqityiwe, kunikwe ukuba amadoda amaPhuthukezi abawaphicothayo axela awona manqanaba asezantsi okungaziphathi kakuhle ngokwesondo xa kuthelekiswa namaNorwegi kunye namaCroatia, kwaye yi-40% kuphela yamaPhuthukezi axela ukusebenzisa iphonografi kwi-Intanethi "amaxesha amaninzi ngeveki ukuya yonke imihla", xa kuthelekiswa nabantu baseNorway , Iipesenti ezingama-57, kunye namaCroatia, ama-59%.

Eli phepha ligxekwe ngokusesikweni ngokusilela ukusebenzisa iimodeli ezibanzi ezikwaziyo ukubandakanya ubudlelwane obuthe ngqo nobungathanga ngqo phakathi kwezinto eziguquguqukayo ezaziwayo okanye ezenzelwe ukuba zisemsebenzini [59]. Ngokuqinisekileyo, kwiphepha elinxulumene nesingxaki esifanelekileyo sesini esichaphazelekayo ebandakanya abaninzi abathathi-nxaxheba abavela kwiPortugal, eCroatia naseNorway, amadoda abuzwa ukuba zeziphi izinto ezikholelwa ukuba zinegalelo ekunqongopheni kwabo ngesondo. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, malunga ne-11% -22% ukhethe "Ndiyisebenzisa kakhulu imifanekiso engamanyala" kunye ne-16% -26% inyulo "Ndiyidlala ngokugqithiseleyo" [60]

Okwesibini, ngokumalunga namaCroats, Umhlaba kunye neŠtulhofer, I-2015 iyavuma ukuba iqumrhu elibalulekileyo phakathi kokusetyenziswa koononophelo oludlulileyo kunye ne-ED, kodwa libiza ukuba ubungakanani bentshukumo bumncinci. Nangona kunjalo, eli bango lingakhohliswa ngokwe-MD eli-statistician enezakhono kwaye ibhale izifundo ezininzi:

Ukuhlaziywa ngendlela eyahlukileyo (i-Chi Squared) ... ukusetyenziswa okulinganayo (ngokubhekiselele ekusebenziseni okungaqhelekanga) kwandise iingxaki (ubunzima) bokuba ne-ED malunga ne-50% kule ndawo yaseCroatia. Oku kuvakalayo kunentsingiselo kum, nangona kunengqondo ukuba ukufunyanwa kwafunyanwa kuphela kwiiCroats.

Okwesithathu, kwindlela ephazamisayo, iphepha lika-Landripet kunye nephepha le-Štulhofer likhishiwe Iintsebenziswano ezintathu ezibalulekileyo, umbhali-mbhali waboniswa kwinkomfa yaseYurophu:

(1) ulungelelwano olubalulekileyo phakathi kwe-erectile disys function and "preference of certain types of pornography," oluqhelekileyo phakathi kwabantu abanePIED; kwaye

(2 & 3) kwabasetyhini, ukwanda kokusebenzisa iphonografi kunxulunyaniswa kakhulu nokwehla kwenzala yesini esahlulekileyo kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle ngokwesondo phakathi kwabafazi.

Kusenza sizibuze ngamanye amaphepha e-Stulhofer kunye nokuba yiyiphi into eyayiyekanga.

Klein, V., Jurin, T., Briken, P., & Štulhofer, A. (2015). I-Erectile i-dysfunction, i-boredom, kunye noxhatshazo phakathi kwabantu abadibeneyo ukusuka kumazwe amabini aseYurophu. Iphepha lezonyango zesini, i-12 (11), i-2160-2167. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Ilungu loMbutho u-Alexander Štulhofer. Omnye umzekelo wokuchasisa kakubi ukufunyanwa okwenziweyo kweso sifundo. Enyanisweni, uphando lubhengeze ukulungelelanisa okunamandla phakathi kokungasebenzi komsebenzi kunye neendlela zokuxhatshazwa ngokwesini. Isifundo sashiya idatha yokulungelelanisa phakathi kokusebenza kwe-erectile kunye nokusetyenziswa koonografi, kodwa kuboniswe ukulungelelaniswa okukhulu. Ingqungquthela:

Phakathi kwamaCroatia kunye namaJamani, ukuxhatshazwa ngokobuxhakaxhaka kwakuxhomekeke kakhulu kwiintlungu zesini kunye nezinye iingxaki nge-erectile function.

Ngaphandle kokuchasana nokuqhagamshelana phakathi kwezesondo kunye nokuxhatshazwa koonwabo (ukuxhatshazwa koxhatshazo), olu pho nonongo lunika inkxaso kuba ubudlelwane phakathi kokusetyenziswa koonwabo kunye noxinzelelo lwezesondo.

Udumo, N., & Pfaus, J. (2015). Ukujonga isistim sezesondo ezihambelanayo nokuphendula ngokubhekiselele kwesondo, kungekhona i-erectile dysfunction. Iyeza zonyango, i-3 (2), i-90-98. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Ilungu leSivumelwano sikaNicole Prause. Udumo kunye nePfaus I-2015 yayingelilo isifundo kumadoda ane-ED. Yayingengofundo konke konke. Endaweni yoko, uPrause ubanga ukuba uqokelele idatha kwizifundo zakhe zangaphambili ezine, akukho nanye ejongene nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-erectile. Kuyaphazamisa ukuba eli phepha likaNicole Prause noJim Pfaus badlulise uphononongo loontanga, njengoko idatha ephepheni labo ingahambelani nedatha kwizifundo ezine ezazibhalwe leli phepha. Ukungangqinelani ayizizikhewu zincinci, kodwa yimingxunya yokuvalwa engenakuxhonywa. Ukongeza, iphepha lenze amabango aliqela obuxoki okanye angaxhaswanga yidatha yabo-njengoko kuchaziwe koku Ileta eya kumhleli wephephabhuku nguRichard A. Isenberg MD (2015) kwaye ezimbini ezibanzi zibeka iingcamango: (1) Akukho nto idibanisa kwiSifundo seDubious: Iingxelo zentsha 'I-ED Left engachazwanga (2015), (2) Ukuphelisa iPrause & Pfaus impendulo kuRichard A. Isenberg ("I-Herring Red: I-Hook, Line, ne-Stinker").

Ileta kaGqirha Isenberg ichaze isishwankathelo soManyano: “I-VSS isebenzisa ngaphakathi kweeyure ezivanyelweyo akunakwenzeka ukuba zichaphazele kakubi ukusebenza ngokwesondo, ngenxa yokuba izimpendulo zomelele kulabo babecinga i-VSS. "

Inyaniso, Udumo kunye nePfaus awakwazi ukufanisa amanqanaba ahlukeneyo omxholo othi:

  1. Ntathu hlukile iintlobo zesistim zezesondo zazisetyenziselwa izifundo ze-4. Izifundo ezimbini ezisetyenziselwa ifilimu yekota ye-3, olunye uphando lusetyenziswe ifilimu ye-20-yesibini, kwaye olunye uphando lusetyenziswa imifanekiso.
  2. I-1 kuphela ye-4 yophando olusetyenziswa phantsi kwe-1 kwizinga le-9 (ibanga elifunwa ngu-Prause). Omnye wasebenzisa i-0 kwizinga le-7, omnye wasebenzisa i-1 kwizinga le-7, kwaye olunye uphando aluzange luchaze ukulinganiswa ngokwesondo.

Ngaphezu koko, Bobabini uMnquba kunye noPfaus babethetha ngokunyanisekileyo kwiidliwano-ndlebe ukuba i-erections yahlolwa kwilebhu, kodwa ke iphepha labo latsho ngokucacileyo ukuba, “Ayikho idatha yokuphendula ngesini somzimba yabandakanywa ukuxhasa amava okuzimela ngokwasemsebenzini."

Isishwankathelo, zonke izihloko ezivela kumdandla kunye nezibhengezo malunga nokusetyenziswa koononophelo ukuphucula ukuphucula okanye ukuvusa, okanye nayiphi na into, engasixhaswa ngophando lwakhe.

I-Sutton, KS, Stratton, N., Pytyck, J., Kolla, NJ, kunye neCantor, JM (2015). PIimpawu ezinokuthi zichazwe ngohlobo lokudluliselwa koxhatshazo ngokwesini: Ukujongwa kwakhona kwetshathi yamatyala ali-115 alandelelanayo. Ijenali yokwabelana ngesondo kunye nonyango lomtshato, 41 (6), 563-580. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Ilungu loMbutho uJames Cantor: Ukufunda ngamadoda (ubudala beminyaka yobudala be-41.5) kunye neengxaki zokuxhatshazwa koxhatshazo, ezifana ne-paraphilias kunye nesifo esingenasiphelo sokuphinga okanye ukukrexeza. I-27 ibekwa ngokuthi "i-masturbator ekhuselekayo," oko kuthetha ukuba bahlambalaza (ngokuqhelekileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa koonobumba) enye okanye ngaphezulu iiyure ngosuku okanye ngaphezulu kweeyure ze-7 ngeveki. I-71% yala ma-addicts adonsa ingxelo ngeengxaki zokusebenza zesini, kunye ne-33% ingxelo yokulibazisa ukulibazisa (icatshulwa kule khasi).

Ziziphi iintlobo zesifo (sex) ezingasebenzi (38%) zabasebenzi abaseleyo? Ezinye izibini eziphambili kwizinto zesini zesifo sokungaxhatshali ngokwesondo zi-ED kunye ne-libido ephantsi. Isifundo asisho, kwaye abalobi baye bahoywa izicelo zeenkcukacha. Ukuphulwa komgaqo-nkqubo oqhelekileyo, uJacob Cantor wathi kwi-list-workshop (i-Sexnet) ukuba akayi kukhulula iziphumo ezikhoyo. Njengoko ubona, kude nokuchasana nokuqhagamshelana phakathi kwezinto zesondo kunye nokusetyenziswa koononophelo, olu pho nonongo lunika inkxaso kakhulu kuba ubukho bobudlelwane bezesondo obuxhatshazwa ngoonobumba.

UDe Graaf, H., kunye noWijsen, C. (2017). I-Seksuele igezondheid e-Nederland 2017. Impilo yesondo eNetherlands 2017. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

uhlalutyo: Ayilona iphepha eliphononongwa ngontanga kwaye kungekhona ngesiNgesi. Namazame, i-Alliance.

Isimo sengqondo malunga nabasetyhini Icandelo

Umxholo / uqobo: Amaphepha eAlliance ama-6 abonisa ukukhetha i-cherry: (1) uluvo olungahleliwe, (2) aluyixhasi i-ajenda yabo, (3) ayinamsebenzi malunga neekhasethi zevidiyo zango-1990, (4-6) basebenzisa iikhrayitheriya ezithandabuzekayo “zokulingana. ” Esinye sezo zifundo zine zathi zenziwa nodliwanondlebe nababekho kwi-AVN, ngelixa lesibini laphonononga iklasi encinci yengqondo ngo-1999.

Inyaniso kukuba phantse yonke into ehlola ukusetyenziswa koononophelo kunye nokulingana (isondo sengqondo) uye yabonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa koononophelo kuhambelana nesimo sengqondo ngabafazi abakhululekileyo kunye nabalondolozo njengengxaki enkulu. I-Alliance yashiya zonke izifundo kwiluhlu lwazo Izifundo ze-40 zidibanisa ukusetyenziswa koononophelo "kwiingcamango ezingafaniyo" malunga nabasetyhini kunye neengcamango zesondo? I-Alliance yashiya yonke i-meta-uphando okanye ukuhlaziywa kweencwadi ngolu hlobo, njengolu xwebhu lwe-2016 uhlalutyo lwezifundo ze-135: Imidiya kunye nokuSondo: I-State of Research Empirical, 1995-2015. Ngcaciso:

Injongo yale ngongoma yayiwukuba kuhlanganiswe uphando lweempawu zokuhlola uphando lwezesondo zoxhatshazo. Ugxininiso lwaluphando olushicilelwe ekuhlaziyweni koontanga, iincwadi zeelwimi zesiNgesi phakathi kwe-1995 kunye ne-2015. Iimpapasho ze-109 eziqulethwe zifundo ze-135 zahlaziywa. Iziphumo zanikezela ubungqina obuqhubekayo bokuthi ukuboniswa kwebhubhoratri kunye nokuhlaliswa rhoqo kwimihla ngemihla kubandakanyeka ngqo nemiphumo emibi, kubandakanywa amanqanaba aphezulu okunganeliseki komzimba, gukuxhaswa ngokuchaseneyo, inkxaso ephakamileyo yeenkolelo zesini kunye neenkolelo zesondo ezingathandekiyo, kunye nokunyamezela okukhulu kobundlobongela ngesondo malunga nabasetyhini. Ngaphezu koko, ukuchazwa kokulinga kwesi siqulatho kubangela ukuba amabhinqa namadoda abe nombono ophantsi wezobuchule, ukuziphatha kunye noluntu..

I-Alliance iphinde ishiye oku kuhlaziywa kweencwadi: Iifografi kunye neengqondo ezixhasa uxhatshazo olujongene nabasetyhini: Ukuhlaziya ubudlelwane kwiZifundo ezingekho phantsi koNyaka (2010) - Inkcazo:

Uhlalutyo lwe-meta lwaluqhutyelwa ukuba lunqume ukuba iincwadi ezingabonakaliyo zibonakalise umbutho phakathi kokusetyenziswa kwamanyala eonografi kunye neengcinga zabo ezixhasa uxhaphalo lwabesetyhini. Uhlalutyo lwe-meta lulungise iingxaki nge-meta-analysis epapashwe ngaphambili kwaye yongezelela ukufunyanwa kwezinto zakutshanje. Ngokuphambene nokuhlaziywa kwe-meta-yangaphambili, Iziphumo zangoku zibonise ubudlelwane obuhle obubalulekileyo phakathi kokusetyenziswa kweentlobo zoononografi kunye nezimo zengqondo ezixhasa uxhaphalo kwabasetyhini kwizifundo ezingafaniyo. Ukongezelela, iimeko zengqondo zafunyaniswa ukuba zilungelelanise kakhulu ngokusetyenziswa koonobumba obugqithisileyo ngokwesondo kunokusetyenziswa koonobumbay, nangona ubuhlobo obusondeleyo bufunyenwe bubalulekile.

Umanyano lushiye olu hlalutyo lweemeta- Iminikelo yoLuntu lweZigxina zoLuntu kwiZigxina zoSondo, iMilinganiselo yoontanga, kunye nokuziphatha ngokwesondo: Uhlalutyo lweMeta (2019) - Amacatshulwa:

Ngokubanzi, ukuhlalutya kweemeta kubonisa ubudlelwane obudibeneyo kunye obuqinileyo phakathi kokusasazwa kweendaba kunye nesimo sengqondo nesimo sokuziphatha ngokwesini esenza amanyathelo omphumo amaninzi kunye namajelo amaninzi. Imidiya ibonisa indlela yokuziphatha ngokwesondo njengento exhaphakileyo, yokuzonwabisa, kwaye ingenabungozi [3], kwaye ukuhlalutya kwethu kubonisa ukuba isenzo sokwenza izigqibo zesondo ngokwaso sinokubunjwa, ngokwengxenye, ngokujonga ezi ntlobo zokubonakalisa. Iziphumo zethu zichasene ngokuthe ngqo kwi-meta-analysis, eyaphakamisa ukuba impembelelo yabezindaba kwizenzo zesondo yayingenanto okanye ayikho [4]. Uhlalutyo lwangaphambili lwama-meta lwalusebenzisa ubukhulu be-38 ubukhulu kwaye bufumanise ukuba i-media "ye-sexy" yayibuthathaka kwaye ihambelana ngokusesikweni kunye nokuziphatha ngokwesondo (r = .08), kanti i-metaanalysis yangoku isetyenziswa ngaphezu kwexesha le-10 isixa sobukhulu besiphumo (n = 394) kwaye ufumene umphumo phantse kabini ubukhulu (r = .14).

I-Alliance ibonakala ibangelwa ukuhlaziywa kunye nokuhlaziywa kweemeta, okuyiyo imilinganiselo yegolide yokuthembeka phandle bubble babo.

Studi Studies:

UJackson, CA, uBaldwin, A., uBrents, uBG, kunye noMaginn, uPJ (2019). I-EXPO malunga neendlela zesini zobomi zesimo sengqondo njengezono ezigqithisiweyo. IQumrhu leNkcubeko. i-doi: 10.1111 / socf.12506 Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Ngokukrakra? Udliwanondlebe “nee-pornfans ezingaphezulu” eziye kwi-AVN yaBantu abaDala i-Expo zidlulise uphengululo? Yintoni elandelayo, ukwenza udliwanondlebe kubharhar ukubona ukuba bayayithanda ibhiya? Nokuba sithathwe nzulu, isifundo asisixeleli nto ngeziphumo zokujonga iphonografi njengoko ibingalungisi ukusetyenziswa kwe-porn kunye neekhrayitheriya ezine. Ngokuchasene nesishwankathelo se-Alliance, iinqobo zokugweba ezisetyenziweyo zavavanya "iindima zesini," ingesiso isini okanye isimo sengqondo esingalunganga. Umzekelo, uHarvey Weinstein unokufumana amanqaku aphezulu kakhulu kuhlolo lwabo lwendima yesini. Kumzekelo ogqithisileyo, nayiphi na impimpi efuna ukuba “ii-hoes” zayo zisebenzele izibonelelo zayo iya kuvuma, kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba unempazamo kakhulu.

Njengakwizifundo zikaTaylor Kohut eziboniswe apha, kulula ukubona ukuba inkolo / uninzi lwabantu luya kufumana amanqaku ezantsi kunabantu belizwe / i-liberal (abahlali be-AVN) kule miqobo ekhethiweyo. Nantsi isihluthulelo: abahlali belizwe, abavame ukuba neenkululeko, banakho Amazinga aphakamileyo kakhulu ekusebenziseni ubugqwetha ngaphezu kweenkolelo zonqulo. (ngokucacileyo, bonke abakhoyo be-AVN kulesi sifundo basebenzisa i-pornography). Ngokukhetha imigaqo ethile kunye nokunyamekela ezinye iinguqu ezingapheliyo, Jackson no al. beyazi ukuba abalandeli bezononografi babeza kuphakamisa phezulu kwiinguqu zabo ezikhethekileyo "egalitarianism."

McKee, A. (2005). Ukuchaswa kwabasetyhini kwividiyo eziqhelekileyo ezise-Australia. Umbhalo woPhando loSondo, i-42 (4), i-277-290. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Ilungu loMbutho u-Alan Mckee. Senza ntoni esi sifundo apha? Isicatshulwa esingakumbi sokunyuka kwamaxabiso, njengoko eli phepha lingenanto yakwenza neziphumo ze-porn kwizimo zababukeli malunga nabasetyhini. Isifundo sizikhawulela kuluvo luka-Alan McKee kwinqanaba lokuchaswa elifumaneka kwiifilimu ezingamanyala zase-Australia ezivela kwi-1990's. Nangona ingadibani nomxholo weli candelo, "iziphumo" zikaMcKee ziyindlela yokuphuma kuzo zonke ezinye izifundo. Bona i Icandelo lokunyamezela ngezantsi, apho i-Deniers ifaka iinjongo ezifanayo, ezingabalulekiyo, esizijongene nazo (kunye nokubonelela oko i-Deniers iyiyekisile).

UBharak, A., Fisher, WA, Belfry, S., kunye noLashambe, DR (1999). Sex, abafana, kunye ne-cyberpace: Iziphumo ze-intanethi zoonografi kunye nolwahluko ngamnye kwisimo sengqondo samadoda ngabafazi. Ijenali ye Psychology kunye nokuziphatha kwabantu ngokwesondo, i-11 (1), 63-91. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Ilungu loMbutho u-William Fisher (UToylor Kohut usebenza phantsi kwakhe). Iziphumo zangaphandle ezivela kwisampulu encinci engammeliyo yabafundi beengqondo bathatha iiklasi ezivela kuFisher okanye kubangaphantsi kwakhe. Kutheni le nto izifundo zikaFisher kunye noKohut zihlala zikhona ngaphandle komgaqo "wangaphambili wobungqina"?

I-Kohut, T., Baer, ​​JL, kunye neWatts, B. (2016). Ngaba uonografi ngokwenene "ngokuzonda abafazi"? Abasebenzisi bezithombe zoonografi banesimo sengqondo esingafaniyo sobulili kunabanye abangabonayo kwisampuli yaseMelika. Umbhalo woPhando loLwesondo, i-53 (1), i-1-11. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Ilungu loMbutho uSolomon Kohut (uWilliam Fisher ungumphathi wakhe). U-Nicole Prause uye wabhalela le ngxelo yeKohut ubuncinane amaxesha e-50, ngexesha I-RealYBOP i-tweeted ngamaxesha e-3 ngeveki ephelileyo! Ayikho i-akhawunti rhoqo iifayile kwizifundo okanye i-meta-analysis ebizwa ngo-intro. I-Kohut yenze njani isifundo ukuvelisa iziphumo eziphikisana nazo zonke ezinye izifundo ezipapashiweyo? Ngu ngokukhetha ngokuchanekileyo imilinganiselo ye "egalitarianism" ukwenzela ukuba unqulo lwentlalo luye lwaba ngaphantsi kunabantu abemi. Makhe ndicacise.

IKohut yenziwe egalitarianism aimvubeyokwakhas: (1) Inkxaso yokukhupha isisu, (2) Ukuchongwa kwabasetyhini, (3) Abasetyhini abakwizikhundla zamandla, (4) Ukukholelwa ukuba ubomi bosapho buyasokola xa umfazi esenza umsebenzi osisigxina, kwaye ngokungaqhelekanga ngokwaneleyo (5) Ukubamba ngaphezulu Isimo esibi malunga nosapho lwesiNtu. Nokuba ukholelwa ntoni na, kulula ukubona ukuba inkolo iya kufumana amanqaku aphezulu ezantsi kwi-5 ye-XNUMX inxalenye "yokulingana".

Nantsi isihluthulelo: abahlali belizwe, abavame ukuba neenkululeko, banakho Amazinga aphakamileyo kakhulu ekusebenziseni ubugqwetha ngaphezu kweenkolelo zonqulo. Ngokukhetha le miqathango ye-5 kwaye uyayihoxisa ezinye iinguqu ezingapheliyo, uToylor Kohut wayesazi ukuba uya kugqiba nokusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana (ubuninzi kwiindawo ezisemhlabeni) ngokuhambelana nokukhethwa kwakhe okukhethiweyo okokuthi "egalitarianism"(Ngaphantsi kweentlanga). Emva koko uKohut wakhetha isihloko esityhilele konke. Qaphela kwakhona le 2015 ukuhlalutya kwiiNkcazo zaMakhosi, ngoJona Mix: Uphando olutsha uthi abasebenzisi bezononono 'baneengqondo ezilinganayo' - ngoko?

SikaKohut website entsha bakhe uzama ekuxhaseni imali bonisa ukuba unokufumana i-ajenda nje. Ubuncwane bukaKohu bubonakaliswe ngolu hlobo olufutshane olubhaliweyo kwiKomidi eliPhezulu lezeMpilo ngokumalunga noMtion M-47 (Canada). Kwi-Kohut emfutshane kunye nama-coauthors akhe anecala lokuncenga-ukukhetha iiphononongo ezimbalwa ngaphandle kokubonisa kakubi imeko ekhoyo yangoku yophando kwiimpembelelo zoononophelo. Inkcazo yabo ephosakeleyo neyikrakrayo yokufundwa kweengcinga zeengxaki zabasebenzisi bezonografi kushiya ngokungathandabuzekiyo ngokunyaniseka kwabo.

IWright, PJ, kunye neTokunaga, RS (2018). Ukusetyenziswa kwe-ponografi, inkululeko yesini, kunye nenkxaso yokuqhomfa e-United States: Iziphumo ezihlangeneyo ezivela kwizifundo ezibini zephaneli yesizwe. Imidiya Psychology, 21 (1), 75-92. Umbhalo opheleleyo

Uhlalutyo: Ngokuhambelana namaphepha angentla apha, ukusetyenziswa koonografi kwakulindeleke ngakumbi inkxaso yokukhupha isisu. Njengoko kuchaziwe, oku kubangelwa ukuba abantu belizwe / i-liberal banamazinga aphezulu okusetyenziswa koononophelo kunabantu abanonqulo / abakhuselekileyo. Ulungelelaniso olulindelekileyo.

Attwood, F., & Smith, C. (2010). Ukukhathazeka ngokweqile: Ukulawula 'imifanekiso enobungozi' eUnited Kingdom. Umbhalo woMthetho noMbutho, i-37 (1), i-171-188. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Ucaphulo olungakumbi lokwehla kwamandla emali. Akukho datha, kodwa ukufakwa kwayo kunika ukuqonda kwinkxaso yoMbutho kumzi mveliso we-porn. Olu luvo lweminyaka eli-9 ubudala isiqwenga ngabahleli be-porn abaphambili I-Journal Studies Journal, ulwa nomthetho wase-UK wezononophelo ogqithiseleyo ozukisa ubundlobongela ngesondo.

Icandelo loLawulo

Umxholo / uqobo: Yintoni injongo yoMdibaniso yayikukudwelisa eli qela lamaphepha lahlukileyo kukuqikelela komntu. Siyazi ukuba ngo-2016 Umdumo wazama ukufaka isandla kwisigxina ngaphantsi Winters et al. iphepha njengobungqina bokuba "ama-hypersexual" wayenolawulo olungcono kwimibono ngelixa ubukele iphonografi. Ngokwenyani, abasebenzisi be-porn abaxhaphaka kakhulu beWinters babeqhelekile (bored) yi-vanilla porn. Olu tshintsho isekela imodeli yoxhatshazo, njengoko ibonisa ukunyamezela okanye ukuhlala, njengalezi zinto Izifundo ze-40 ezichazela iziphumo ezihambelanayo nokunyuka kokusetyenziswa koononophelo (ukunyamezela), ukuqhelana noononophelo, kunye nokukhutshwa kweempawu (zonke iimpawu kunye neempawu ezinxulumene nomlutha).

Ngaphambili ngcaciso Udumo kunye nabanye abaDeniers baxoka bathi akukho sifundo sichaze "kunzima ukulawula iminqweno" okanye "ukungakwazi ukulawula ukusetyenziswa ngaphandle kwemiphumo emibi". Obu bubuxoki obucacileyo, njengoko uninzi lwemibuzo yamanyala kunye nezesondo zidweliswe kule ngxelo ye-debunking ye-Prause bavavanywa ukuba ngaba izifundo zinenkathazo yokulawula ukusetyenziswa kwabo koononophelo okanye ukuziphatha ngokwesini. Ibango elixhasayo likhankanywa ngamakhulu eengxelo zokuvavanya ukuvavanya indlela yokuziphatha ngokwesondo, ubuninzi babo baqeshwe omnye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi zixhobo zokulahla izicwaphulo / zesondo. I-element element ye-addiction "isebenziswa ngokubhekiselele kwimiphumo emibi." Yingakho ilandelayo imibuzo ibuzwa malunga nemiphumo emibi ehambelana ne-CSB (iziqhagamshelana nezifundo zabafundi be-Google):

  1. Iingxaki zoononografi zoBuchule Sebenzisa i-Scale (PPUS),
  2. Ukusetyenziswa koonografi okugqithisileyo (CPC),
  3. I-Cyber ​​Pornography Sebenzisa i-Inventory (CPUI),
  4. Iziphumo zeCognitive and Behavioral Scale (CBOSB),
  5. Isisombululo sokunyanzelisa ngokwesondo (SCS),
  6. Uxanduva lokuSetyenziswa koBucala (HBI),
  7. I-Pornography Yokufuna Incwadana (PCQ),
  8. Isisombululo sokuziphatha ngesondo (HBCS)
  9. I-Internet Addiction Test-Sex (IAT-sex)
  10. Iingxaki zoononopopayi Ukusetyenziswa kobuchule (PPCS)
  11. Iingxaki zoononophala kwi-intanethi Sebenzisa: I-Persistective Media Attendance Perspective

Ngokungafani namaphepha alandelayo alliance (angayifuni "umgaqo" wokusetyenziswa koononophelo), izifundo ezingashiywanga yi-Deniers ziye zavavanya indima ekuziphatheni komntu ojongene nokugqithiswa koononophelo okanye ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwezilwanyana. Enye yezifundo: Iingxaki zoononophala kwi-intanethi Sebenzisa: I-Persistective Persistective (2015). Ukususela kwingeniso yesifundo:

Ukuzilawula okwaneleyo kuchazwa njengombuso apho ukuzilawula kwengqondo kuncitshisiwe (I-LaRose kunye ne-Eastin, 2004, iphe. 363) kwaye abantu abasakwazi kugweba isenzo sabo kwaye basabele kwiziphumo ezinokubakho. Ukusetyenziswa kwesiqhelo kwimithombo yeendaba kungakhokelela ekusileleni kolawulo lwakho xa isigwebo kunye namanqanaba okuzisebenza okuzilawula esilela. Ngomkhwa, ukubanakho ukuqonda nokujonga indlela umntu aziphethe ngayo buthathaka, ngelixa ukungazilawuli kakuhle kukwazi ukulawula okanye ukungaziphathi kwindlela yokuziphatha.

Kwinqanaba leengxoxo:

Kule sifundo, sazama ukuchaza ukusetyenziswa koonografi ekuboniseni i-intanethi kwisiseko sobakho beendaba. Umzekelo wethu uqinisekisa ngempumelelo isakhelo sobume besigxina sokusetyenziswa kweendaba ngeendaba ukuhlolisisa imiphumo yokulawulwa kwezinto ezizimele kunye namandla amakha kunye neemfuno zentlalo ezikhuthaza abantu ukuba bajonge iiporografi kwi-intanethi, ezinokubangelwa kwimiphumo emibi yokuphila. Iziphumo zixhasa isakhiwo semodeli kwaye zikhuphe iziphumo eziphambili zeengcinga ze1, 2, 3, 5, 6, kunye ne-7: Imiphumo yokuzilawula eyaneleyo echazwe ngemiphumo emibi eyenzeka ekubukeni kwimihlambini yoonografi e-intanethi; ukungaziphathi ngokuzikhethela kwakhona kwaxela ukusetyenziswa kweefotoliyo ze-intanethi; Amandla omkhwa ayechazwe ngokusetyenziswa; Iimfuno zentlalo zichazwe ngokusetyenziswa; ukulawulwa komgaqo-nkqubo ukulahlekelwa izidingo zomntu; kunye neentlalo zoluntu iimfuno ezichaziweyo.

Njengoko kuqikelelwe, ukulawulwa komgaqo-nkqubo ongenalutho kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba kuhambelana nemiphumo emibi. Ukulawulwa komgaqo-nkqubo okhoyo kubangelwa ngenxa yokungaphumeleli kokuqwalaselwa kunye nesigwebo somgaqo-nkqubo wokuzilawula. Abantu abajonga imifanekiso engamanyala e-intanethi kunye namava angenakukwazi ukuzilawula, ngokuqinisekileyo bayaqhubeka nokuziphatha kuze kubekho iinjongo ezithile ezifezekileyo nangona kwenzeka.

Akukho nanye kwezi zifundo zilandelayo ezixhasa inkxaso kaPrause ejikeleze ichazwe gwenxa "miselo". Ukuba abaDeniers bazama ukwenza ubuxoki "ukungakwazi ukulawula ukuziphatha ngokwesini nangona kukho imiphumo emibi”Loo nqanawa ihamba ngenqanawa.

Studi Studies:

Ubusika, J., Christoff, K., kunye neGorzalka, BB (2009). Umyalelo wokunyamekela ukuvuswa kwesondo kumadoda. Umbhalo woPhando loSondo, i-46 (4), i-330-343. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Ilungu leSigqeba uJason Winters. Njengamaphepha angaphambili ngamalungu oMdibaniso, iziphumo kunye nokubhala okuhambelana nazo kuyashukuxwa ukufezekisa i-ajenda. Injongo yolu phononongo yayikukujonga ukuba ngaba amadoda angayinciphisa kusini na ingxelo yabo yesondo xa bebukele iifilimu zesini. Iziphumo ezibalulekileyo: Amadoda afanelekileyo ekunciphiseni ukuvuswa kwesondo kwakubaluleke kakhulu ekuhlekiseni. Amadoda amancinci aphumeleleyo ekucinezeleni ukuvuswa kwesondo ngokubanzi ayesoyikeka kunabanye. Ezi zinto zifunyanisiweyo azinanto yakwenza nabo bangamakhoboka eziyobisi 'abangakwaziyo ukulawula ukusetyenziswa kwazo ngaphandle kweziphumo ezibi,' leyo yinkcazo “yomgaqo”

Ingxaki enkulu: Njengaye ilungu elisebenza kunye ne-Štulhofer icacisiwe, ukuqhutyelwa kwe-Winters kwakungenakonakala njengokuba kusetyenziswa iSicing Compulsivity Scale (SCS):

Oku kukwahluke ngokucacileyo isigqibo sikaWinter et al. Malunga nokugqithana okukhulu phakathi kwesifiso sobulili obuphezulu kunye nobulili obudityanisiweyo [5]. Enye inkcazo enokuthi iziphumo ezichaseneyo ziyimilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo esetyenziselwa ukubonisa ukuxhatshazwa koxhatshazo kwezo zifundo ezimbini. Ngokomzekelo, kwisifundo samanje, imiphumo emibi ephathelene nokuziphatha ngokwesini ihlolwe ngokusebenzisa uluhlu olupheleleyo. Ngaphezu koko, iWinters et al. wasebenzisa iSikimu sokunyanzelisa iSondo (36], esicetywayo ukuba ahluke ngokucacileyo phakathi kokunyanzeliswa ngokwesini kunye nokuvuleka kwamava ngokwesini kunye nokuhlolwa [4,37].

Ukongeza, ukunyanzelisa ukuSigxina koSondo akusikho ukuhlolwa okusemthethweni kokulutha kwezilonda zezocwangco okanye kubafazi. Yadalwa kwi-1995 kwaye yenzelwe isondo esingalawulwayo ubudlelwane engqondweni (ngokunxulumene nophando lwe-AIDS). I I-SCS ithi:

"Isilinganisi esifanelekileyo [siboniswe?] Ukuqikelela ukulinganiswa kweendlela zokuziphatha ngokwesini, iinani leziqabane zesini, ukuziphatha kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zesondo, kunye neembali zezifo ezithathelwana ngesondo."

Ngaphezu koko, umqhubi we-SCS uxwayisa ukuba esi sixhobo asiyi kubonakalisa i-psychopathology kubafazi,

"Imibutho phakathi kwamanqaku okunyanzeliswa ngokwesini kunye namanye amanqaku e-psychopathology ibonise iipatheni ezahlukeneyo zamadoda nabasetyhini; ukunyanzeliswa ngokwesini kuhlanganiswe neendleko ze-psychopathology kumadoda kodwa kungekhona kubasetyhini. "

Ukongeza, i-Winters yehlulekile ukufumanisa ukuba ngabaphi abathathi-nxaxheba "ababelikhoboka le-porn", ngoko ke ayinako ukusixelela nto malunga neziyobisi ezingamanyala. Iphuzu eliphambili: Eli bango liphela "lommiselo" lixhomekeke kuqikelelo olungasekelwanga lokuba "iziyobisi ezingamanyala" kufuneka zinamava kuvuselela ngokwesondo ukuzithobela imifanekiso ye-vanilla ye-porn, kwaye njalo abanako ukulawula ukuvusa kwabo. Nangona kunjalo ukubikezela ukuba abasebenzisi abangabonwayo boononophelo okanye abakhohlisayo amava abavusa kakhulu kwi-vanilla yobunono kunye nesifiso esikhulu sezesondo ngokuphindaphindiwe bekhohliswe ngamacandelo athando ocando:

  1. Izifundo ze-35 ukudibanisa ukusetyenziswa koononophelo ukunciphisa ukuvusa isondo okanye ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesini kunye namaqabane esondo.
  2. Izifundo ze-25 ukukhohlisa ibango lokuba isondo kunye noxinzelelo lwe-porn "banomnqweno ophezulu wesondo".
  3. Ngaphezulu kwee-70 zoqhagamshelwano Ukusetyenziswa koononophelo kunye nolwaneliseko oluphantsi nolwalamano.

Kanti kutheni i-Alliance icinga ukuba izilwanyana ezingamanyalazo kufuneka zibe "nokuphakamisa phezulu" xa Prause et al., 2015 ingxelo yokuba abasebenzisi abaninzi bezononophelo abaqhelekileyo babekho Ngaphantsi Ukusebenza kwengqondo kwi-vanilla yobunono kunokulawula Ngenxa yokuba iphesenti ephezulu yabasebenzisi bezonyango abavakalisa ukunyuka kwezinto ezigqithiseleyo, impendulo enobunzima kwi-laboratory i-pornology ayimangalisi. Enyanisweni, iziphumo ze Prause et al. 2015 uhambelane kunye UKühn kunye neGallinat (2014), ofumanisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa koonobumba obuninzi kunxibelelana Ngaphantsi Ukusebenza kwengqondo ekuphenduleni imifanekiso ye-vanilla ye-porn, kunye nayo Banca et al. 2015, owathola ukukhawuleza kwimiba yezocansi kwimilutha yezobisi.

Kwakhona, akuqhelekanga kubasebenzisi be-porn rhoqo ukukhulisa ukunyamezelana, esisidingo sokhuthazo olukhulu ukuze kufikelelwe kwinqanaba elifanayo lokuvuka. I-porn yeVanilla inokudika njengoko impendulo yengqondo kukonwaba iyancipha. Into efanayo iyenzeka kubaxhaphazi beziyobisi abafuna "ukubetha" okukhulu ukufikelela kwinqanaba elifanayo. Ngabasebenzisi be-porn, ukukhuthaza okukhulu kuhlala kufezekiswa ngokunyuka ukuya kuhlobo olutsha okanye olugqithisileyo lwe-porn. A uphando olutshanje olutholiwe ukuba ukunyuka okunjalo kuqhelekileyo kubasebenzisi be-intanethi banamhlanje. I-49% yabesilisa abajongeyo babecinga i-pornography "bekungelona umdla kubo ngaphambili okanye ukuba babecinga njengento enyanyekayo. "

UCreswell, JD, Pacilio, LE, Denson, TF, kunye noSatyshur, M. (2013). Tisiphumo sokunyanzeliswa komvuzo oyintloko kwisigqibo se-cortisol ekunyamezelweni kwengqondo kumadoda. I-Psychosomatic Medicine, i-75 (4), i-397-403. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Ucaphulo olungakumbi lokwehla kwamandla emali. Eli phepha alinanto yakwenza "nommiselo," okanye iimpembelelo ze-porn kumbukeli. Ukanti, yayidibanisa iziphumo ezinomdla kwaye ichazwe ngokuchanekileyo nguMbutho. Ukubeka ngokulula, ukubukela iphonografi kunciphise i-cortisol (ukunciphisa impendulo yoxinzelelo) kunye nokusebenza okuphuculweyo kuvavanyo lwezibalo. Ngelixa ingadibaniyo nale (okanye enye into) umxholo wecandelo loBumbano, ukubandakanywa kwawo kufuneka kubekwe kwimeko.

Okokuqala, abalobi bathi ukubuka isohlwayo "ngumvuzo oyintloko". UNicole Prause uhlala echaza ukuba ukubukela i-pornography hayi umvuzo oyintloko, kwaye oko Ukukrexeza kwi-pornography kuyindlela efanayo yokubukela imidlalo yama-puppies. Akumangalisi ukuba lo mfuzo uqhuba izimbobo kwiimfundiso zikaPrause.

Okwesibini, ezinye izifundo ezininzi apho izifundo ezihlaziyiweyo xa zibukela iifostile zithe zaveza iziphumo ezahlukeneyo ze-hormonal kunephepha elifunyenwe ngophando. Imizekelo embalwa nje: kufunda1, kufunda2, kufunda3, kufunda4, kufunda5.

Okwesithathu, ngelixa i-pornography ibukela ukunyanzeliswa koxinzelelo okwesikhashana, okuye kunokukhokelela kumanqaku angcono kwimvavanyo yeematriki, ezinye izifundo ezininzi zibika iingcamango ezingenangqondo kunye nezifundo ezihlobene nokusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana (zombini kunye nokubaluleka, ixesha elide):

1) Ukubonakaliswa kwiStimulini yoSondo kuHlulela kwiNkcazo yokuThuthukiswa kweNkcazo phakathi kwabantu (2017) -Kwizifundo ezibini ezichaziweyo kwisimo esibonisayo sesini esakhokelela kwi: 1) isaphulelo esithe kratya (ukungakwazi ukulibazisa ukuzanelisa), 2) utyekelo olukhulu lokuzibandakanya kwi-cyber-delinquency, 3) utyekelo olukhulu lokuthenga iimpahla zomgunyathi kunye nokuqhekeza iakhawunti ye-Facebook yomntu. Ukuthathwa kunye oku kubonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa koononophelo kwandisa ukunyanzeliswa kwaye kunokunciphisa imisebenzi ethile yolawulo (ukuzithiba, ukugweba, ukubonwa kwangaphambili, ukulawula ukunyanzelisa). Isicatshulwa:

Ezi ziphumo zibonelela ngesicwangciso sokunciphisa ukubandakanyeka kwamadoda kwi-cyber delinquency; oko kukuthi, ngokungabikho kancinci kwisicatshulwa sesini kunye nokukhuthazwa kokunciphisa ukuxhaswa. Iziphumo zangoku zibonisa ukuba ukufumaneka okuphezulu kwesicatshulwa ngokwesini kungabandakanywa kakhulu kunye nokuziphatha kakubi komntu kunokuba wayecinga ngaphambili.

2) Ukurhweba kamva Imiphumo yokuzonwabisa okwangoku: Ukusetyenziswa koonografi nokukhawuleza Ukunciphisa (2015) - Uonografi obandakanyekayo abachaphazelekayo, ababanako ukukhunjulwa. Olu pho nonongo luye lwaba nabasebenzisi bezononophelo banciphisa ukusetyenziswa koononophelo kwiiveki ze-3. Uphononongo lubone ukuba ukusetyenziswa koononophelo okuqhubekayo kwakunjalo ku causally ezinxulumene nokungakwazi ukukhawuleza ukuthotywa (phawula ukuba ukukwazi ukulibazisa ukuxhaswa ngumsebenzi we-correx ye-prefrontal). Inkcazo evela kwisifundo sokuqala (i-median subject age 20) Izifundo zoonografi zisebenzisa kunye namaqaku abo kwisithuba sokuxhaswa komsebenzi:

Okukhona iphonografi ityiwa ngabathathi-nxaxheba, kokukhona bebona umvuzo wexesha elizayo ungabalulekanga kunomvuzo wangoko, nangona umvuzo wexesha elizayo ububaluleke ngaphezulu ……. Ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukuba ukunyanzeliswa okuqhubekayo kokuthotyelwa kwezonografi kuhambelana nokukhawuleza ukuphuculwa kwexesha.

3)  Ukujonga imifanekiso yesondo kuhambelana nokunciphisa impendulo yokuvuselela imfuyo yokulahlekelwa ngcakazo (2018) - Inkcazo:

Abantu bafanele baqonde ukuba ukuvuswa kwezesondo kunokunciphisa ingqwalasela yabo kunye nokuvakalelwa kwemvelo kwilahleko zemali. Ngamanye amagama, abantu kufuneka bahlawule ingqalelo kwilahleko kunye neenzuzo zezimvo zezimali xa bevuswa ngokwesondo.

4) Ngaba iikhompyutheni zabafundi basekhaya zihambelana nokusebenza kwemathematika esikolweni? (2008) - Inkcazo:

Kwakhona, izakhono zabafundi bezifundo zazixhomekeke ekufezeni kwabo kwimathematika. Ekugqibeleni, ukubukela umabonwakude kwakunxulumano olubi kunye nokusebenza kwabafundi. Ngokukodwa, ukubukela ukuphazamiseka, isenzo, okanye Iifilimu zoononografi zadibaniswa namaqela aphantsi okuvavanya.

5) Ukuqwalaselwa komfanekiso we-Pornography kukuphazamisa ukusebenza komemori (2013) - izazinzulu zaseJamani ziye zafumanisa ukuba i-Internet erotica inokunciphisa imemori yokusebenza. Kulo lwazi lovavanyo lwe-pornography, abantu abane-28 abasempilweni benza imisebenzi yokukhumbula imemori basebenzisa ii-4 ezahlukileyo zeefoto, enye yazo yayiyi-pornography. Abathathi-nxaxheba baphakamise imifanekiso engamanyala ngokubhekiselele ekuvukeleni ngokwesini kunye nokukhutshulwa ngesondo ngaphambi kokuba, kwaye emva koko, ukuvezwa kwezithombe zoonografi. Iziphumo zabonisa ukuba imemori yokusebenza yayibuhlungu kuninzi ngexesha lokubukela i-pornography kwaye ukuvuswa okukhulu kwandisa ukuhla. Ingqungquthela:

Iziphumo zibe negalelo kwimbono yokuba izibonakaliso zokuvuswa kwesondo ngenxa Ukukhutshwa komfanekiso wesithothosiso kukuphazamisa ukusebenza komemori. Iziphumo zixubusha ngokubhekiselele kwi-intanethi ye-intanethi kuba ukusetyenziswa kwememori yokuphazamiseka kwemiba enxulumene neziyobisi kuyaziwa ngokuxhomekeka kwimizimba.

6) UkuThatyathwa kweZithombe zoSondo nge-Interferes ngeSigqibo sokwenza isigqibo (2013)- Ufunyenwe ukufumanisa ukuba ukujonga umfanekiso wesithothosiso kwaphazamisa ukuthatha izigqibo ngexesha lokuhlola okuqikelelwayo. Oku kubonisa ukusetyenziswa koononophelo kunokuchaphazela ukusebenza okusemgangathweni, okuyiyo isethi yezakhono zengqondo ezinceda kwiinjongo zokuhlangana. Amacatshulwa:

Umsebenzi wokwenza izigqibo wawunzima kakhulu xa imifanekiso yesondo idibaniswa neengxowankulu zamakhadi ezingahlekiyo xa kuthelekiswa nokusebenza xa imifanekiso yesondo idibaniswe nakwiindawo ezixhamlayo. Ukuvuswa kwezesondo ngokuvisisanayo kulungelelanisa ulwalamano phakathi kwimeko yomsebenzi kunye nokwenza izigqibo.Olu pho nonongo luye wagxininisa ukuba ukuvuswa kwezesondo kuphazamise ukuthatha isigqibo, oku kungachaza ukuba kutheni abanye abantu befumana imiphumo emibi kwiimeko zokusebenzisa i-intanethi.

7) I-Arousal, amandla okukhumbula imemori, kunye nokwenza izigqibo zesini kumadoda (2014)- Amacatshulwa:

Olu pho nonongo luphandwe nokuba amandla okwenza ummori (WMC) ahlolisise ubudlelwane phakathi kokuvusa umzimba kunye nokuthatha izigqibo zesondo. Inani elipheleleyo lamadoda akwa-59 abukela i-20 kunye ne-20 imifanekiso engavumelekanga yokusebenzisana komlingani kunye nangoko amazinga abo ovuyo-mzimba aqoshiwe esebenzisa impendulo yokuziphatha kwesikhumba. Abathathi-nxaxheba baphinde bagqiba uvavanyo lwe-WMC kunye nomsebenzi wokufanisa udlwengulo lomhla apho bafanele bafumanise ingongoma apho indoda enomdla waseAustralia iyakunqanda konke ukuqhubela phambili ngokwesondo ngokuphendula okanye ukuchasana ngokomzimba kwiqabane lomfazi.

Abathathi-nxaxheba ababekhuthazeke ngakumbi ngokwasemzimbeni kwaye bachitha ixesha elininzi bejonga imifanekiso engavunyelwanga ngokwesini etyunjwe ngokubonakalayo kamva ekumiseni amanqaku kumsebenzi wokudlwengulwa komhla wokudlwengulwa. Ngokuhambelana noqikelelo lwethu, ubudlelwane phakathi kokuvuka komzimba kunye nendawo yokumisa eyonyuliweyo yomelele kubathathi-nxaxheba abanamanqanaba asezantsi eWMC. Abathathi-nxaxheba abane-WMC ephezulu, ukuvuswa komzimba bekungahambelani nendawo yokumisa ekhethiweyo. Yiyo loo nto amandla okusebenza olawulo (kunye ne-WMC ngokukodwa) ibonakala ngathi idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekumodareyithweni kwezigqibo zamadoda ngokubhekisele kwindlela yokuziphatha ngokwesondo.

8) Ukutshatyalaliswa kweentombi ze-Intanethi kwi-Intanethi: Ulwalamano oluye lwashicilela ixesha, ukufunwa kwemvakalelo kunye nokusebenza kwezemfundo (2015)- Olu luhlu olunqabileyo lokufunda (ngaphezu kweenyanga ezintandathu) lubonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa koononophelo kunciphisa ukusebenza komfundi. Ngcaciso:

Ngaphezu koko, ukunyuka kwe-intanethi ye-intanethi kwandise ukunyuka kwamakhwenkwe eminyaka emva kweenyanga ezintandathu.

9) Ukubambelela kwiimifanekiso engamanyala? Ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo okanye ukungahoywa kwimiba ye-intanethi kwiimeko ezininzi kuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zokulutha kwe-cybersex (2015) - Izifundo ezinomgangatho ophezulu ekujoliseni ukugqithiswa koononopopayi zenziwa ngokungahambi kakuhle kwimisebenzi yokusebenza elawulayo (ephantsi kolawulo lwe-correx ye-prefrontal). Ambalwa amacatshulwa:

Siphonononga ukuba ukuthambekela ekunyangeni kwe-cybersex kudibene neengxaki ekusebenziseni ulawulo lokuqonda kunye neemeko ezininzi ezibandakanya iifoto zoonwabo. Sasebenzisa iparadigm ye-multitasking apho abathathi-nxaxheba babe nenjongo ecacileyo yokusebenza kwixabiso elilinganayo kwizinto ezingahambisani nezobucayi. Sifumene ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba abavakalisa ukunyamekela ekubhekaneni noxilongwane lwe-inthanethi baphambuke ngakumbi kule njongo.

10) Iimiphumo zoononografi kubafundi abaPhakamileyo beZikolo eziPhakamileyo, eGhana (2016) -Khutshiwe:

Uphononongo luye lwabonisa ukuba uninzi lwabafundi bavuma ukuba babukele iphonografi ngaphambili. Ukongezelela, kwaqatshelwa ukuba ininzi yabo yavuma ukuba iifografi zichaphazela ukusebenza kwezemfundo kakubi ...

11) Ukuphindaphinda kunye nexesha lokuSebenzisa, ukuCinga kunye neengxaki ezingalunganga kwiingxaki zeNtsholongwane kwi-Intanethi (2019)- Amacatshulwa:

Kwisampula ye-1,000 yaseKholeji yabafundi, sasivavanya umzekelo wokuthi ukufunwa koonografi kwakuza kusebenza ngamaxabiso amaninzi kunye namaxesha amaninzi ekusebenziseni ii-OSA ukukhokelela ekusebenziseni iingxaki ze-OSA, kwayekwakhe ngoko bekuza kubakhokelela kwiimvakalelo ezingekho emfundo. Umzekelo wethu wawuxhaswa kakhulu.

Iziphumo zibonise ukuba ukufunwa koonografi okuphakamileyo, ubuninzi kunye nokuphindaphinda kokusetyenziswa kwe-OSA, kunye neemvakalelo ezingekho phantsi kwezemfundo zahlanganiswa ne-OSA ezinengxaki. Iziphumo zixhomekeka kunye nezo zifundo zangaphambilini zibika izinga eliphezulu lokuzikhukhumeza iinqophiso zoonografi ngokubambisana neminye imilinganiselo yempilo engalungangas.

12) Ukuqonda kweempembelelo zoonografi kuPhulo lwaBantu beeNzululwazi zaseYunivesithi yaseJos, eNigeria (2019) - Inkcazo:

Uphononongo lwaxhaswa ngemibandela emine yophando isanti ezimbini iingcamango, ukucwangciswa kophando olwamkelweyo kuphando luphando lophando kunye noluntu lwabafundi bonke abafundisayo kwiyunivesithi yaseJos benani le-244 lobungakanani bemihlaba kunye nalapho i-180 ikhethwe ngokukhethiweyo isampula yesifundo. Olu pho nonongo luye lwabonisa ukuba, abaninzi abafundi ababandakanyeka kwimisebenzi yobunono bobuqu abaqhubi kakuhle kwizifundo kwaye amaxesha amaninzi baze baqhelise imisebenzi yabo.

Kutheni i-Deniers yashiya izifundo ezi ngasentla?

Moholy, M., Prause, N., Proudfit, GH, S. Rahman, A., kunye noFong, T. (2015). Umnqweno wesondo, hayi ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesini, uxela kwangaphambili ukuzilawula ngokwakho. Ukwaqonda kunye neMvakalelo, 29 (8), 1505-1516. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Ilungu leSivumelwano sikaNicole Prause. Njengoko Winters et al., 2009 I-critiqued ngasentla, olu phononongo alunanyani njengoko lwalusilele ukuvavanya ukuba ngaba izifundo zinengxaki yokulawula ukusetyenziswa kwabo kwe-porn ("umgaqo"). Okona kubaluleke kakhulu, akukho sifundo esiqale ngokuvavanya ukuba ngubani na okanye wayengenguye "umlutha wezobisi." Ungayichitha njani imodeli yokufumana iziyobisi xa ungaqali ngokuvavanya izifundo ezinobungqina obucacileyo (zeziphi iingcali ezichazayo)

Olu pho nonongo luye lwaxhomekeka CBSOB, enemibuzo eninzi malunga nokusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana ze-intanethi. Kuphela kubuza malunga "nemisebenzi yentsondo," okanye ukuba izifundo zixhalabile ngemisebenzi yazo (umzekelo, "Ndixhalabile ukuba ndikhulelwe," "ndinike umntu ongu-HIV," "Ndafumana iingxaki zemali"). Ngaloo ndlela nayiphi na intsebenziswano phakathi kwamanqaku kwi-CBSOB kunye nokukwazi ukulawula ukuvusa ayifanelekanga kuninzi kwi-intanethi izilonda, abangazibandakanyi ngesini esahlukileyo.

Njengomxholo we-Winters apha ngasentla, olu cwaningo luchaze ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba be-hornier babe nexesha elinzima-ukulawula ukuvusa kwabo ngokwesondo xa bebukela iifoto. Prause et al. zichanekile: lo mboniso uphinde wachaza uWinters, et al., 2009: abantu abanomdla banesifiso esiphezulu sesondo. (Duh)

Olu pho nonongo luye Iphutha elifanayo elibulalayo elifunyenwe kwezinye izifundo zePrause: Abaphandi bakhethe izifundo ezahlukeneyo (abasetyhini, amadoda, abesini esahlukileyo, abangafaniyo), kodwa wababonisa yonke imigangatho, mhlawumbi engathandekiyo, eyamadoda + amabhinqa amanyala. Ukubeka ngokulula, iziphumo zolu phononongo bezixhomekeke kwinto yokuba abesilisa, abantu ababhinqileyo, kunye nabangengobesini esahlukileyo abafani kwimpendulo yabo kuseti lwemifanekiso yesondo. Oku kucacile a kunjalo.

Taylor, K. (2019). I-Nosology kunye nomzobo: Indlela ababukeli beentlaphu Zesondo. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363460719842136 Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Ucaphulo olungakumbi lokwehla kwamandla emali. Liliphepha (hayi esona sifundo) ngumfundi wegrad uKris Taylor. Eli phepha alinanto yakwenza "nommiselo," okanye iimpembelelo ze-porn, okanye nantoni na eyenye. Lwesibini uluvo olucwangciswe ngokufanayo nguTaylor, enezicatshulwa ezikhethiweyo ezivela emadodeni ekubuyiseni, ezifakwe kwi-psycho-babble. Ngelixa iphepha libanga ukuba liyenza ingcinga yamanyala. Okona kubaluleke kakhulu, kwaye njengabaDeniers, iphepha likaTaylor lishiye konke Izifundo ze-43 ze-neurological kubasebenzisi bezesono kunye nezifundo ze-CSB, ngaphandel kwe Prause et al., 2015 (U-Taylor akakwazi ukukhankanya Iphepha le-8 elihlaziywe ngontanga ezithi i-EEG isifundo se-Prause isekela umzekelo wokulutha). Akumangalisi ukujonga uKris Taylor imbali yokuguquka kwenyaniso ukulungelelanisa i-ajenda yakhe.

I-Prause kunye ne-RealYBOP zihlala zikhankanya amaphepha e-2 Taylor, zichaze ngokucacileyo umxholo wazo, indlela kunye nexabiso lenzululwazi. Umzekelo, phantsi kukaDavid Ley Psychology Namhlanje Inqaku libiza amadoda ukuba abuye aphile amaNazi, sinakho Udumo (ukuphikisana nebart) ukwenza iingxelo ezininzi zobuxoki malunga nephepha lokuqala likaKris Taylor {https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/comment/1037481#comment-1037481}, njengokubanga ukuba "yayikuphononongwa okucwangcisiweyo komxholo kwezo foram," xa yayingeyonto yolo hlobo. UBart ubonisa ukuba uTaylor wachaza ngokuthe ngqo ukuba izimvo ezili-15 azikhethileyo (kwizigidi ezithunyelwe kwiminyaka eyi-8 edlulileyo) azinakufundwa "njengommeli weNoFap iyonke." Yinyani. Nangona kunjalo uPrause uchulumancile kakhulu zizigqibo zikaTaylor kunye nexabiso labo lokujikeleza kangangokuba (kwakhona) wasebenzisa iziteketiso zeWikipedia (i-sockpuppets) ngokuchasene nemithetho yeWikipedia yokufaka amaphepha amabini kaTaylor (nalinye kuwo elidibana nemithetho yeWikipedia yokubandakanywa):

I-Wikipedia edit yi-Prause sockpuppet:

Ubungqina Bwenu Ubunono Tweet iphepha ngephepha likaTylor:

nguyenbyen

Njengoko kubonisiwe, siyazi ubuncinane i-30 eminye i-sockpuppets I-Prause isetyenzisiwe ukuhlela i-Wikipedia (bona eli candelo kwicandelo lokulinda). Uninzi luye lwaye zachongwa kwaye zavalwa nge Wikipedia.

IHallberg, J., Kaldo, V., Arver, S., Dhejne, C., Jokinen, J., & Öberg, KG (2019). Isifundo esilawulwa ngokungahleliwe soNyango oluLawulayo oluQeqeshelweyo lokuLawulwa kweQela kwiHypersexual Disorder eMadodeni. Ijenali yamayeza ezesondo. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Kutheni le nto isifundo sikudidi "lommiselo"? Ngokuqinisekileyo ayixhasi ibango likaPrause elijikeleze "umgaqo". Ngokuchasene noko, izifundo zazifuna ukunyanga ngokwesondo:

Uluntu olujoliswe kuzo lubengumfazi omdala kunye namadoda ahlukunyezwayo "ukuziphatha okubi ngokwesondo," "ukuziphatha okungasemva kokuziphatha ngokwesini," okanye "ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo" ababenomdla ekuthatheni inxaxheba kwisifundo seklinikhi yokungenelela kweqela.

Izinto zokufunda ezifundwa nguPrause malunga "nommiselo," njengoko izifundo ziye zafumana ubunzima ekulawuleni indlela yokuziphatha kwabo ngokwesondo:

I-hypersexualality Disorder criteria iquka ukungakwazi ukulawula iingcamango zesondo ezigqithisileyo, iingcamango, kunye nokuziphatha ngokubhekisele kwiimeko zesifo sengqondo esiswini kunye nokuxinwa kwaye sele ziqinisekisiwe kwiinklini zonyango.

Iziphumo zophando? Unyango lweCognitive Behaeveal Therapy (CBT) lubangele ukwehla kokuziphatha gwenxa (ukungakwazi ukulawula isimilo esingafunekiyo):

Unyango lwaphumela ekunciphiseni okuninzi kwi-hypersexual kunye neempawu zeengqondo, ezibonisa ukuba inkqubo ye-CBT ingaba yonyango lokuqala kumagulane kwizicwangciso zesikliniki.

Endaweni yokuxhasa amanqaku athetha rhoqo aphindaphindiweyo kaPrause, iziphumo zixhasa (1) ukungakwazi ukulawula indlela yokuziphatha ngokwesondo njengophawu oluqhelekileyo, kwaye, (2) imodeli yokulutha. Ngelixa olu phononongo lubanga ukuba lolokuqala uphando olulawulwa ngokungacwangciswanga kuvavanyo nasekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kwenkqubo ye-CBT ye-hypersexual
kufunyaniswe ukuba amadoda, i-CBT ibisoloko isetyenziselwa isini kunye neziyobisi ezingamanyala. Umzekelo, umphengululi kaGoogle akhangela "indlela yokuziphatha ngokwesondo ngokunyanzelekileyo" + "Unyango lokuziphatha ngokuqonda" ibuyisela iingxelo ze-750. Ngokuchanekileyo, ukukhangela kwe-Google yokuxhatshazwa ngokwesini + ibuyisela iingxelo ze-1,870.

Beauregard, M., Lévesque, J., kunye neBourgouin, P. (2001). Ukudibana kwe-Neural kokuzilawula ngokwakho kwimvakalelo. Ijenali ye-neuroscience. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Ucaphulo olungakumbi lokwehla kwamandla emali. Kutheni le nto isifundo sikudidi "lommiselo" (okanye naluphi na udidi)? Ayichongi nasiphi na isifundo njengesiyobisi se-porn okanye isifundo se-CSB. Ayilungelelanisi nayiphi na imilinganiselo yokuxhatshazwa koononophelo okanye ukusetyenziswa koononophelo nantoni na, kuquka "umgaqo". Kodwa ke, iyayiphikisa into yokuba uPrause uhlala ephindaphinda ukuba Ukukrexeza kwi-pornography kuyindlela efanayo yokubukela imidlalo yama-puppies.

UWilloughby, BJ, uBusby, DM, kunye noMncinci-uPeter, B. (2018). Ukuqonda unxibelelwano phakathi kwenkcazo yobuqu yamanyala, ukusebenzisa iphonografi kunye noxinzelelo. Uphando ngesondo kunye noMgaqo-nkqubo weNtlalo, 1-15. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Ucaphulo olungakumbi lokwehla kwamandla emali. Kwakhona, kutheni olu phando lukwisigaba "sommiselo" (okanye naluphi na udidi lweRealBBOP)? Apha sibonisa ukungangqinelani kweziphumo, ezithathwe kwicandelo "lokuchaphazeleka" kolu phando:

Iziphumo ziphakamisa iimpembelelo ezibalulekileyo ezibini kubaphengululi kunye nabenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo. Okokuqala, iziphumo zibonisa ukudibanisa phakathi kwemibono yesithintelo sezesondo ezifana noonografi, ukuvunyelwa kweefografi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwesiqulatho. Kubonakala ngathi abo bantu abangavumiyo kwiimifanekiso engamanyala bavame ukungawuboni umxholo onjalo, ngelixa abo bavuma iifoto zoononophala bathambekele ekufuneni umxholo onjalo.

Iziphumo zolu pho nonongo lubonisa ukuba xa abantu bengaboni umxholo wezocansi banemibono engafanelekanga, loo nhlangano inomthelela omuhle kwimpilo yengqondo, i-hypothesis 1. Ezi ziphumo zihambelane nabaphengululi abadlulileyo abaye baqaphela ukuba ukuhambelana phakathi kwexabiso kunye nokuziphatha kakubi kwimiba ebonakalayo kufuneka kube nefuthe elihle kwimpilo yengqondo.

Iziphumo ezibonisa ukuba ukusebenzisa umxholo umntu akayiboni njengephonografi enxulunyaniswa neempawu zokudakumba ngakumbi kukufunyanwa kwenoveli okungacetyiswanga ngaphambili ngabaphengululi kwaye kwaphikisana neengcinga zethu zokuqala….

Oku kungasentla akunanto yakwenza nomxholo weli candelo ungachazwanga kakuhle.

Efrati, Y. (2018). UThixo, andinakuyeka ukucinga ngesondo! Impembelelo ekuvukisweni kweengcamango zesondo phakathi kweenkolelo zonqulo. Umbhalo woPhando loLwesini, i-1-10. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Isishwankathelo soMdibaniso sibonakala sisengqiqweni: "Ukucinga ngokucinezela" mhlawumbi ayisiyiyo eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokwenza ulutsha, inkolo yolutsha ukulawula iingcinga ezingafunekiyo. Uphononongo luqinisekisa into eyaziwa ngokuba yi "ironic process theory," apho imizamo ngabom yokucinezela iingcinga ezithile ibenza ukuba babenakho ukuvela. Kulungile kubanyangi ukuba bazi.

Oko kwathiwa, ukunyuswa kweengxelo zihlawulela izinga elincinci lokusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana, ngoko ke kuncitshiswe ukuziphatha okubi ngokwesondo, kwiindawo zonqulo (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25). Ukongezelela, qwalasela uphando olutsha olutshanje oluphanda ubuxoki kwi-sex-seeking sex and addicts (1) le Ucwaningo lwe-2016 malunga nokufuna unyango lwezilwanyana fu manise ukuba inkolo ayizange ilandelelanise ngeempawu ezingekhoyo okanye amanqaku kwi-questionnaire ye-sex addiction, (2) oku Ucwaningo lwe-2016 ekufuneni unyango lwabantu abathandanayo fu maneka Akukho buhlobo phakathi kokuzibophezela kwezenkolo kunye namanqanaba okuziphatha okuxhatshaxisayo kunye nemiphumo ehambelanayo.

IHesse, uC., Kunye noFloyd, K. (2019). Ukutshintshwa kokuthandana: Impembelelo yokusetyenziswa kweentlophu zobudlelwane obusondeleyo. Umbhalo woBudlelwane beNtlalo noBuntu, Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Ababhali kunye ne-Alliance bazama ukuphelisa ulungelelwaniso olusisiseko, oluchanekileyo ngokuthe ngqo: Ukusetyenziswa okungaphezulu kwe-porn kwakuhambelana nokudakumba okukhulu kunye nesizungu / ukoneliseka kobudlelwane obuncinci kunye nokusondela. Isicatshulwa:

"Kolu phando, abantu abadala abangama-357 baxele inqanaba labo lokuncitshiswa kothando, ukusebenzisa kwabo iphonografi ngeveki, iinjongo zabo zokusebenzisa iphonografi (kubandakanya ukoneliseka kobomi kunye nokuncitshiswa kwesizungu), kunye nezalathi zentlalo-ntle yabo kunye neyabo…. Njengoko kuqikelelwe, ukunyanzelwa uthando kunye nokusetyenziswa koonografi kwakunxulumene nolwaneliseko kunye nokusondelana, ngelixa lihambelane ngokuqinisekileyo kunye noxinzelelo."

Eyona nxu lumano Hesse et al., 2019:

Hesse et al., I-2019 ifakiwe kwiluhlu lwethu Izifundo ze-70 ezidibanisa ukusetyenziswa koononophelo ukuya kwisini esincinci kunye nokwaneliseka kobudlelwane.

URegnerus, M., Gordon, D., kunye nexabiso, J. (2016). Ukubhalwa kwamanyala kusetyenziswa eMelika: Uhlalutyo lokuthelekisa iindlela zendlela. Ijenali yoPhando lwezeSondo, 53 (7), 873-881. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: I-RealYBOP ichaza ngokuchanekileyo inqaku elinye ledatha: "sIdatha ye-urvey esuka kwi-2014 ibonisa ukuba i-46% yamadoda kunye ne-16% yabasetyhini phakathi kweminyaka yobudala be-18 kunye ne-39 ibonwe ngophando kweso sonto. La manani aphezulu kakhulu kunokuba amaninzi aqikelelweyo anemivuzo eyahlukeneyo esebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeemibuzo.”Isimanga: ngelixa oku kufumanisa kuxhasa ibango elide le-YBOP lokuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-porn kuye kwehla ngenxa ye-intanethi, debunks Ibango likaDeniers uDavid Ley, uNicole Prause, kunye noPeter Finn, owangena kuyo Ley et al., 2014 amaxabiso okusetyenziswa kwe-porn awanyukanga ukusukela kwii-1970's zakudala, (Lo mntu unokuba utyibilikisiwe ngabavavanyi bokukhetha i-Cherry.)

Uthando nobudlelwane obusondeleyo

Umxholo / uqobo: Okokuqala, i-Alliance yashiya zonke kodwa ezimbini Izifundo ze-75 ezidibanisa ukusetyenziswa koononophelo ukuya kwisini esincinci kunye nokwaneliseka kobudlelwane. Okwesibini, i-Alliance ilahlekise umfundi kwizo zifundo ze-2 (ezifunyaniswe kuloluhlu): njengoko zombini i-porn link isebenzisa zihlwempu ulwalamano nolwaneliseko okanye ukungathembeki ngakumbi: Maddox, et al., 2011 kwaye Miller et al., 2019. Okwesithathu, i-4 yezifundo zabhalwa ngamalungu e-Alliance kwaye akukho nanye yazo ezibonakalayo. Okwesine, kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu, I-Alliance ayiphumelelanga ukuba zonke izifundo ezibandakanya abesilisa ziye zaxela ukusetyenziswa koonobumba obuninzi zihlwempu ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo okanye ulwalamano (malunga nezifundo ze-65). Okokugqibela, umanyano kwakhona alunikezeli ngophononongo loncwadi okanye uhlalutyo lweemeta ukuxhasa amabango abo eendaba ezentlalo athi "akukho miphumo emibi yimpembelelo echazwe ngokuqhelekileyo yokusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana kubuhlobo. "nguyenbyen

Ngokwazi kwethu, uhlalutyo lweemeta ezimbini kunye nokuphononongwa olunye kupapashiwe, okuphikisana namabango eDeniers. Umdibaniso ulungelelanise zonke izinto ezi-3:

1) Ukusetyenziswa koonografi nokuNeliseka: I-Meta-Analysis (2017) - Ukuhlaziywa kweemeta zezinye iindidi ezahlukahlukeneyo zokuvavanya ukwaneliseka ngokwesini kunye nolwalamano lwentlalo kubhengeze ukuba ukusetyenziswa koonobumba kwakunxulumene nokuthotywa kwezesondo kunye nokwaneliseka kobudlelwane (ukwaneliseka koluntu). Ingqungquthela:

Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwamanyala e-pornography kwakunxulumene neziphumo ezinonophelo ezanelisayo kwiziphumo zophando, ukuhlolwa kwexesha elide kunye nokulinga. Iintlangano phakathi kokusetyenziswa koonografi kunye nokunciphisa iziphumo eziyanelisayo ezithe zazinganyelwanga ngumnyaka wabo wokukhululwa okanye isimo sabo sokushicilela. Kodwa ukuhlalutya ngesondo kubangelwa iziphumo ezibonakalayo kubayeni kuphela.

Nangona uphando oluthile luchaza umphumo omncinci wokusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana zamabhinqa kwizondo zesini kunye nolwaneliseko lobuhlobo, iblorho do ingxelo engalunganga. Xa kuhlolisiswa uphando, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba ipesenti encinci yazo zonke iibhinqa ezidibeneyo rhoqo idla i-intanethi. Idatha ebalulekileyo yelizwe, ayimfuneko, kodwa i-General Social Survey ibhengeze ukuba kuphela i-2.6% yabesifazane base-US abaye bayityelela "iwebhusayithi yezononografi" ngenyanga yokugqibela. Umbuzo wabuzwa kuphela kwi-2002 kunye ne-2004 (bona Iphonografi noMtshato, 2014).

2) Iingcamango zabaseTyhini zokusebenzisana noonobumba bezonyango kunye nokuxhamla ngokobuhlobo, ngokwesondo, ngokwabo nangokomzimba: kwindlela yokufundisa (2017) - Amacatshulwa:

Uhlalutyo lweemeta lwamaxwebhu oluthile oluqhutywe ngokutsha luxhasa uxolo lokuba ininzi yabasetyhini inempembelelo enobungqina bokuthi umlingani wabo ungumthengi woononografi. Kuhlalutyo oluphambili kubandakanya zonke izifundo ezikhoyo, ukuqonda abaqabane njengabathengi bezoonografi babandakanyeke kakhulu kunye nokuneliseka okungaphantsi kobudlelwane, ngokwesini nangokomzimba. Umbutho wokwaneliseka ngokwabo wawunjalo. Iziphumo zaphinda zicebise ukuba ukwaneliseka kwabasifazana kuya kunciphisa ngokubhaliweyo ngokubambisana ukuba amaqabane abo achitha amaninzi amaninzi.

Ukuqonda abalingani besilisa njengoko abathengi abaqhelekileyo bezononografi babandakanyeka ngokukodwa kunye nokwaneliseka okungathandabuliyo ngokwesondo.

Ekugqibeleni, kuphinda kuhlolwe i-bias. Kuthatyathwe ngokupheleleyo, iziphumo azizange ziphakamise ukuba ukukhutshwa kwe-bias kukukhathazeka kakhulu kule ncwadi.

3) Iinkcazo ezivela kwi-2018 yokuphononongwa kweencwadi (Iphonografi, Ukuzonwabisa, kunye nokuSondo: KuHedonic Ukuvuselela umzekelo we-intanethi ye-intanethi ye-intanethi), ukushwankathela iziphumo zezononxeba ngokuneliseka ngokwesondo:

Ngokwahlukileyo kwiindawo ezininzi ezixutyushwa ngaphambili kwi-intanethi (i-IPU) kunye nezizathu, apho uphando luqhubeka lukhuni, ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-IPU kunye nokwaneliseka ngokwesini sele lufundwe ngokubanzi, kunye neentlobo ezininzi zempapasho ezithetha ngesihloko. Kunokuba uhlolisise ngokupheleleyo uluhlu lweengxelo zokuhlola i-IPU kunye nokwaneliseka ngokwesondo, iziphumo zezi zifundo zishwankathelwe kwiTable 1.

Ngokubanzi, njengoko kubonisiwe kwiTheyibhile 1, ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-IPU kunye nolwaneliseko ngokwesini lomntu luyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa luyahambelana nenkolelo yokuba i-IP inokukhuthaza ngakumbi izizathu zokuziphatha ngokwesondo, ngakumbi njengokunyuka kokusebenzisa. Phakathi kwabantu abatshatileyo, kukho inkxaso encinci kumbono wokuba i-IPU inokuphucula ukwaneliseka ngokwesondo, kodwa kuphela xa ibandakanyiwe kwimicimbi yesondo ekwabelwana ngayo. Kwinqanaba lomntu ngamnye, kukho ubungqina obungaguquguqukiyo bokuba i-IPU iqikelela ukoneliseka okuphantsi kwezesondo emadodeni, omabini amacandelo enqamlezileyo kunye nemisebenzi yobude obalatha kwimibutho yolo setyenziso luye lwancipha nolwaneliseko lwamadoda. Ngokumalunga nabasetyhini, ubungqina obuchithakeleyo bubonisa ukuba i-IPU inokuphucula ukwaneliseka ngokwesondo, ingabinampembelelo kulwaneliseko, okanye ukunciphisa ukoneliseka ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Ngaphandle kwezi zinto zixubeneyo, isiphelo sokungabikho kwesiphumo esibalulekileyo se-IPU kulwaneliseko ngokwesondo kwabasetyhini sesona sifunyanwa siqhelekileyo. Ezi ziphumo ziye zaqinisekiswa ngohlalutyo lweemeta lwakutsha nje (iWright, iTokunaga, iKraus, kunye neKlann, 2017). Ukuphonononga izifundo ze-50 zokusebenzisa iphonografi kunye neziphumo ezahlukeneyo zokwoneliseka (umzekelo, ukoneliseka bubomi, ukoneliseka buqu, ukwaneliseka ngokwesondo, ukwaneliseka ngokwesondo), olu hlalutyo lweemeta lufumanise ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwamanyala (hayi i-intanethi) izinto eziguqukayo, kubandakanya ukoneliseka ngokwesondo, kodwa kumadoda kuphela. Akukho ziphumo zibalulekileyo zafunyanwa kwabasetyhini. Ngokudibeneyo, ezi ziphumo zixubeneyo zithintela izigqibo eziqinisekileyo malunga nendima ye-IP ekuchaphazeleni ukoneliseka kwabasetyhini.

Esinye sezona ziphumo zibalulekileyo kwimisebenzi yamva nje evavanya i-IPU kunye nolwaneliseko ngokwesondo kukuba kubonakala ngathi kukho ubudlelwane obunqamlezileyo phakathi kokusetyenziswa kunye nolwaneliseko, ukuze ukoneliseka kunciphe ngakumbi njengoko i-IPU iya isiba yinto eqhelekileyo (umzekelo, iWright, iSteffen, kunye neLanga, i-2017 ; IWright, iBrigdes, iLanga, i-Ezzell, kunye noJohnson, 2017). Iinkcukacha zezi zifundo zibonisiwe kwiTheyibhile 1. Ngokunikwa ubungqina obucacileyo kwiisampulu zamanye amazwe, kubonakala kufanelekile ukwamkela isigqibo sokuba njengoko i-IPU inyuka ibe ngaphezulu kwenyanga enye, ukoneliseka ngokwesondo kuyancipha. Ngaphaya koko, nangona ezi zifundo (Wright, Steffen, et al., 2017; Wright, Bridges et al., 2017) zazinqamleza, zinikwa inani lezifundo ezinde (umzekelo, UPeter & Valkenburg, 2009) edibanisa i-IPU ukunciphisa isondo. Ukwaneliseka, kusengqiqweni ukufumanisa ukuba le mibutho iyinxalenye yendalo. Njengoko i-IPU inyuka, ukoneliseka kwezesondo phakathi kwabantu kubonakala kuncipha, okuhambelana nembambano yangoku yokuba i-IPU inxulunyaniswa nenkuthazo yesini kunye ne-self-egxile kwisini.

Uhlolo olukhankanywe apha ngasentla lubonakalisa imiphumo yokusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana kwizondo zesini kunye nokwaneliseka kobudlelwane. Enyanisweni, kukho iinjongo ezininzi ezichazayo iziphumo ezibi: uluhlu lwezifundo ze-30, kunye neengcaphuno.

Ukuya kwinyaniso malunga noMbutho wamaphepha e-cherry:

Studi Studies:

IBalzarini, RN, Dobson, K., Chin, K., kunye neCampbell, L. (2017). Ngaba ukutyalwa kwe-erotica kunciphisa ukukhanga kunye nothando lwamalingani abathandanayo kumadoda? Izimpendulo ezizimeleyo zikaKenrick, u-Gutierres, no-Goldberg (1989) ukufundisisa i-2. Umbhalo weNzululwazi yezeNtlalo, i-70, i-191-197. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Ilungu loMbutho uWilliam Fisher. Olu cwaningo lwe-2017 luzama ukuphinda luphendule Ucwaningo lwe-1989 kutyhila ukuba amadoda nabafazi kubudlelwane obuzibophelele kwimifanekiso evuselela inkanuko yesini esahlukileyo. Uphononongo lowe-1989 lufumanise ukuba amadoda abekhe abhenceka kubantu abahamba ze playboy iindawo zokubhala zilinganise amaqabane abo njengabanomdla omncinci kwaye baxela uthando oluncinci kumaqabane abo. Njengoko i-2017 isilele ukuphindaphinda iziphumo ze-1989, sixelelwa ngabangaphantsi kukaFisher ukuba isifundo se-1989 asilunganga, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwe-porn akunciphisi uthando okanye umnqweno. Yhu! Hayi ngokukhawuleza.

Ukuphindaphinda "kwahluleka" ngenxa yokuba indawo yethu yenkcubeko ibe "i-pornicated" ngexesha elide. Abaphandi be-2017 abazange baqashe abafundi beekholeji ze-1989 abakhulisa ukubukela i-MTV emva kwesikolo. Esikhundleni sokuba izifundo zabo zakhula zikhupha i-PornHub ngenxa yezigulane kunye nevidiyo.

Ku-1989 bangaphi abafundi beekholeji bebonile ividiyo ene-X? Akuninzi kakhulu. Bangaphi abafundi beekholeji ze-1989 basebenzisa yonke iseshoni yeseshoni, ukususela ekufikeni komntwana, ukukhwela i-masturbating ukuya kwiiskrini ezininzi ezinzima kwiiseshoni enye? Akukho. Isizathu seziphumo ze-2017 siyabonakala: ukubonakaliswa okufutshane kumfanekiso osasazo playboy I-centralfold iyindawo enkulu yokuqhathaniswa neyiphi iikholeji kwi-2017 ibukele iminyaka. Njalo ababhali avume ukungafani kobuhlanga kunye ne-caveat yabo yokuqala:

1) Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukubonisa ukuba uphando lwangaphambili lupapashwe kwi-1989. Ngelo xesha, ukuchazwa kwesiqulatho sesondo kungeke kubekho, kodwa namhlanje, ukubonakaliswa kwemifanekiso engabonakaliyo kwande kakhulu, kwaye ngoko ke ukubonakaliswa kwinqanaba elingaqhelekanga lingenakwanela ukufaka impembelelo echazwe ekuqaleni. Ngako oko, iziphumo zeengxelo zokuphindaphinda zangoku ziyahlukahlula kwisifundo sokuqala ngenxa yokungafani nakwi-exposure, ukufikelela, kunye nokwamkela i-erotica ngoko ngoku.

Kwimeko enqabileyo yecala elingenamkhethe nakwiDenier David Ley baziva be nya nzekile ukubonisa okucacileyo:

Kungenzeka ukuba inkcubeko, amadoda, kunye nokwabelana ngesondo kutshintshe kakhulu ukusukela ngo-1989. Ambalwa amadoda amadala kwezi ntsuku angakhange abone iphonografi okanye abhinqileyo abahamba ze-ubunqunu kunye nokuziphatha ngokwesondo okuxhaphakileyo kuyinto exhaphakileyo kumajelo eendaba athandwayo, ukusuka Game of Thrones ukwenza iziqholo zentengiso, kwaye kumazwe amaninzi, abantu basetyhini bavunyelwe ukuba bangabinanto. Ke kunokwenzeka ukuba amadoda kwisifundo samva nje afunde ukudibanisa ubunqunu kunye nokuziphatha ngokwesini abakubonayo kwi-porn nakumajelo eendaba mihla le ngendlela engachaphazeli umtsalane wabo okanye uthando kumaqabane abo. Mhlawumbi amadoda akwisifundo se-1989 ayengaboniswanga ngokwesini, ubunqunu, kunye noonografi.

Gcina ukhumbule ukuba lo mzamo awuthetha ukuba ukusebenzisa i-intanethi ye-intanethi a kazange ukukhangwa kwamadoda kubathandwa babo. Kuthetha nje ukuba ukukhangela "kwiindawo eziphambili" akukho mpembelelo ngqo kule mihla. Amadoda amaninzi achaza ngokukhawuleza ukwandiswa ekutsaleni kumaqabane emva kokuyeka i-intanethi ye-intanethi. Kwaye, ke, kukho ubungqina obude obukhankanywe ngentla kubonakalisa imiphumo engathandekiyo yoononophala ekubukeni ubudlelwane.

Iingcamango apho abantu bekholeji abaneminyaka yobudala bajonga ezimbalwa playboy iindawo eziphambili (njengokwicwaningo nxu lumene nababhali) akakuxeleli nto ngemiphumo yeqabane lakho ukuhlambalaza kwiinkonzo ezinzima-eziphambili umtshini ngosuku emva kweminyaka ekupheleni. Ulwalamano olulodwa kuphela nolwazi "bonise ukuba ukujonga iifostile kuyinyani oonobangela ezintle iziphumo " zifundo zengqesho zengqesho ezide ezilawulayo kwiimpawu okanye izifundo apho izifundo zilahla kwi-pornography. Ukuza kutshatyalaliswa izifundo zobudlelwane obuninzi obusondeleyo obuninzi obusondeleyo obunokubhengeza imiphumo yempilo yokusetyenziswa koonwabo. bonke ingxelo yokuba ukusetyenziswa koononophelo kuhambelana nobudlelwane obuhluphekileyo / iziphumo zesini:

  1. Ukuboniswa kwabantwana abakwi-Adolescents Exhibure kwizinto ze-intanethi ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokuneliseka ngokocansi: Isifundo eside (2009).
  2. Uthando olungapheliyo: Ukusetyenziswa koononografi kunye nokuzibophelela okunyanzelekileyo kumlingani womntu oyintandokazi (2012).
  3. Iimpawu zoonografi ze-Intanethi kunye nomgangatho wobudlelwane: Uvavanyo olude lwangaphakathi kunye phakathi kweempembelelo zoqabane, ukuwaneliseka ngokwesondo kunye ne-intanethi ngokucacileyo kwi-intanethi phakathi kwandula-weds (2015).
  4. Kuze kube Njalo Iidemon Ziba Nxalenye? Imiphumo emide ye-I-Pornography Sebenzisa kwi-Divorce, (2016).
  5. Ngaba Ukubukela Iinthombe Zoonografi Kuyanciphisa Umgangatho Womtshato Ngethuba? Ubungqina obuvela kwi-Longitudinal Data (2016).
  6. Ngaba Iingcamango Zonografi Ziyabasebenzisa Kakhulu Ukufumana Ukwahlukana KwamaRoma? Ubungqina obuvela kwi-Longitudinal Data (2017).
  7. Iifographie Sebenzisa kunye nokuSahlukana komtshato: Ubungqina obuvela kwiDave-Wave Panel Data (2017).

Qaphela-abaDeniers ababoneleli ngezifundo ezinde malunga nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwabantu abadala kunye nokwabelana ngesondo okanye ngokwaneliseka.

IGrov, C., Gillespie, BJ, Royce, T., kunye neLever, J. (2011). Iziphumo ezibonwayo zezinto ezenziwa ngokwesondo kwi-Intanethi kubudlelwane obubodwa: Uvavanyo olwenziwa kwi-Intanethi e-US. Oovimba abagcina izinto zesini, 40 (2), 429-439. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: I-Junk science (kunye nomhla): isifundo ”kusetyenziswa idatha ekhethiweyo kuvavanyo lwe-2004 ELLE. Akukholeleki. Ukusuka kwicandelo leendlela:

Iinkcukacha ezivela kule projekthi zathengwa kwiphephancwadi i-ELLE ngokusekwe kwi-2004 "ELLE / msnbc.com yeCyber-Sex and Romance Survey," kuvavanyo lukazwelonke lwase-US malunga nokusetyenziswa kweintanethi kunye nabantu abadala (okt, ezinxulumene nezesondo). Ngexesha leeveki ezimbini phakathi ku-Februwari 2004, zombini i-ELLE.com kunye ne-smscc.com babamba olu phando kwiiwebhusayithi zabo, nangona i-98% yabathathi-nxaxheba bevela kwi-msnbc.com traffic traffic.

Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba abalobi basebenzisa le miphumo ekhutshwe esidlangalaleni ukuze kulungiselelwe iphepha elihlaziywe ngontanga ukuxhasa i-ajenda? Kwakhona sixelelwa ukuba: "Akumangalisi, ukujonga iiwebhusayithi ezindala kunye nomlingane ukuze kuphuculwe ukuvuswa kwezesondo kuhlanganiswe nemiphumo emihle kwaye kuhambelana nemiphumo emibi." Njengoko kuchazwe ngezantsi, ipesenti yezibini ezithandana nomntu ohlala zixhaphaza kunye kunye nomlingane zincinci kakhulu-mhlawumbi i-1% (ngaphandle kwabafundi be-ELLE). Ngokomzekelo, idatha evela kwi-survey enkulu yelizwe lase-United States (i-General Social Survey) yabika ukuba I-2.6% kuphela yabasetyhini abatshatileyo baye bavakashela "iwebhusayithi yezocwangco" ngenyanga yokugqibela. (ukuze ubone ngaphezulu Iphonografi noMtshato, 2014).

Nangona ngokuqhelekileyo ukuhamba, iphepha lathi:

Iimpembelelo ezingalunganga ziye zachongwa, kunye nabasetyhini banakho ukubonisa ukuba banesondo esincinane ngenxa ye-OSA yeqabane, kwaye amadoda angaphinda abonise ukuba abavuthwanga ngaphantsi kwezesondo zangempela ngenxa ye-OSA yabo.

Uphando lwacaca ukuba alumeli. Akwazange ilandelelanise amanqanaba okanye ukusetyenziswa koonobumba (okanye ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweentlobano zesini) kunye nemilinganiselo yesondo okanye ukwaneliseka kobudlelwane. U-RealYBOP uhlamba nantoni na yonke into yokulwa nezifundo ezininzi ezixhomekeke ekusebenziseni ubulili kunye nokunyaniseka kobudlelwane besondo kunye nolwalamano. Inhlanhla enjalo.

URissel, C., Richters, J., De Visser, RO, McKee, A., Yeung, A., kunye noCaruana, T. (2017). Iprofayili yabasebenzisi bamanyala e-Australia: Iziphumo ezivela kwisifundo sesibini sase-Australia sezempilo kunye nobudlelwane. Ijenali yoPhando lwezeSondo, 54 (2), 227-240. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Ilungu loMbutho u-Alan McKee. Citation inflation - uphando aluzange luvavanye isondo okanye ubudlelwane beziphumo zokusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana, owona mxholo weli candelo. Zombini isishwankathelo se-RealYBOP kunye noMcKee's abstract zikhohlise ngenjongo. Ngelixa i-Deniers ibanga ukuba olu phononongo luxhasa impikiswano yokuba iphonografi ye-Intanethi ayibangeli ngxaki. Ngokwenyani, i-17% yamadoda nabasetyhini abaneminyaka eyi-16-30 baxele ukuba ukusebenzisa iphonografi kube nefuthe elibi kubo (okukuko kakhulu kwiziphumo "zokuziqonda"):

nguyenbyen

Kukho izizathu zokuthatha iintloko ngeenkozo zetyuwa. Okokuqala izicathulo ezimbalwa malunga nale sifundo:

  1. Lo kwakuyinkcazo emelekileyo yamacandelo ekudala amaqela e-16-69, abesilisa nabesifazane. Kucaciswe kakuhle ukuba abafana abancinci abasebenzisi bokuqala be-intanethi. Ngoko ke, i-25% yamadoda kunye ne-60% yabasetyhini abazange babone iifosora ubuncinane kanye kwinyanga ezidlulileyo ze-12. Ngaloo ndlela inani leenombolo lihlanganiselwe ukunciphisa ingxaki ngokugubungela abasebenzisi abasengozini.
  2. Umbuzo owodwa, owacela ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba ukuba basebenzise iifostile kwiinyanga ezidlulileyo ze-12, akuthethi ngokucacileyo ukulinganisa ukusetyenziswa koonobumba. Ngokomzekelo, umntu oye wangena kwi-pop-up esicatshulwayo ayicatshangwanga nongomntu oshaya i-3 amaxesha ngosuku kwi-hardcore porn.
  3. Nangona kunjalo, xa uphando lubabuza kulabo "babecinga i-pornography" abaye bajonga i-porno kunyaka owedlule, ipesenteji ephezulu teen iqela. I-93.4% yabo yayibonile ngonyaka wokugqibela, kunye ne-20-29 ubudala ubudala emva kwabo kwi-88.6.
  4. Idatha yahlanganiswa phakathi kwe-Oktobha 2012 noNovemba 2013. Izinto zitshintshile kakhulu kwiminyaka yokugqibela ye-4, ngenxa yokungena kwe-smartphone-ngakumbi kubasebenzisi abancinci.
  5. Imibuzo yacelwa kwi-intanethi yongconywa ngekhompyutha. Ubume bomntu ukuba bube ngakumbi kwiintlibano-ndlebe ezingabonakaliyo, ingakumbi xa udliwano-ndlebe lubhekiselele kwizifundo ezibuhlungu ezifana nokusetyenziswa koonobumba kunye nokulutha kwezilonda.
  6. Imibuzo isekelwe kuphela kwi-self-perception. Gcina ukhumbule ukuba izilwanyana zisoloko zingabonwa njengomlutha. Enyanisweni, abaninzi abasebenzisi be-intanethi abanakwenzeka ukuba baxhamle iimpawu zabo ekusebenziseni iifostile ngaphandle kokuba bayeke ixesha elide.
  7. Uhlolisiso aluzange luqaphele imibuzo engqinelanayo (ekwaziswa ngokungabonakaliyo), eya kuchaneka ngokuchanekileyo kokugqithiswa koonobumba kunye neempembelelo zoononongo kubasebenzisi.

Qaphela isiphelo sesifundo (akumangalisi, kuba ivela kuMcKee):

Ukujonga izinto eziphathekayo zoononophala kubonakala ngathi kuqhelekileyo e-Australia, kunye nemiphumo emibi echazwe yincinci encinci.

Nangona kunjalo, kumadoda nakwabasetyhini abaneminyaka eli-16-30 ubudala, kunjalo hayi encinci. Ngokubhekiselele kwiThebhile 5 kwisifundo, i-17% yeli qela leminyaka lixele ukuba ukusebenzisa iinthombe zoonografi kwaba nomphumo omubi kubo. (Ngokwahlukileyo, phakathi kwabantu 60-69, kuphela i-7.2% icinga i-porn ifuthe ibe nemiphumo emibi.)

Zizahluke njani ezahlukileyo ukusuka kulolu cwaningo ukuba ngaba ababhali babegxininise ukuba bafumene ukuba malunga ne-1 kwi-5 abantu abatsha babekholelwa ukuba ukusetyenziswa koononophelo "kwaba nefuthe elibi kubo"? Kutheni bazama ukuphazamisa oku kufunyanwa ngokungayinaki kwaye bagxininise kwiziphumo zecandelo eliphambili-kunokuba iqela liphezulu kakhulu engozini kwiingxaki ze-intanethi?

Kwakhona, bambalwa abasebenzisi bezononophelo abaqhelekileyo bayazibona ukuba iipilisi ziye zabathinteka kangangokuba emva kokuyeka ukusebenzisa. Ngokuqhelekileyo abasebenzisi bokuqala badinga iinyanga eziliqela ukuba baqonde ngokupheleleyo iimiphumo ezimbi. Ngaloo ndlela, isifundo esinjengeli sinomda omkhulu.

IKohut, T., Balzarini, RN, Fisher, WA, kunye neCampbell, L. (2018). Imibutho yoonografi kunye noqhagamshelwano oluvulekileyo lwezesondo kunye nolwalamano olusondeleyo luyahlukahlukana njengendlela yokusebenzisa iifayili zoonografi zisetyenziselwa ubudlelwane bobulili obufanayo. Umbhalo wobudlelwano boLuntu kunye noBuntu, i-35 (4), i-655-676. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Amalungu oMdibaniso uTaylor Kohut kunye noWilliam Fisher, kunye neyezinye izigulane IYunivesithi yeNtshona Ontario. Iziphumo: izibini ezibukela i-porn kunye kunye novulo olubanzi lokunxibelelana ngokwesondo kuneziqabane apho nganye isebenzisa i-porn kuphela, okanye elinye iqabane lisebenzisa iphonografi lodwa elinye alisebenzisi. Phezulu kunokufundwa ngokungathi ukusebenzisa iphonografi kunye kunokuba kulungile. Kodwa njengokuba umanyano lukhawuleza ukwenza isikhwenene, "ulungelelwaniso alulingani nobangela."

Uninzi lwabanye abantu babukela i-porn kuphela. Ababini abahlala bebukela iifoto zoononophelo babonisa iqhezu elincinci labantu abasebenzisa i-pornography. Idatha evela kwi-survey enkulu yelizwe (GSS) ingxelo yokuba kuphela i-2.6% yabesifazane bonke base-US bavakatyele "iwebhusayithi yezononografi" ngenyanga yokugqibela (umbuzo wabuzwa kuphela kwi-2002 kunye ne-2004). Yiyiphi ipesenti yezibini ezizibophelelayo ezihlala zihlanganyela kunye nokusetyenziswa koonografi? Kwakhona, sinesihloko kunye nezigqibo ezivela kwi-(mhlawumbi) ipesenteji encinci yoluntu jikelele (oluqilileyo).

Maas, MK, Vasilenko, SA, kunye noWilloughby, BJ (2018).Indlela yokusebenzisa iifoto zoononophala kunye nokwaneliseka kobudlelwane phakathi kwabantu abatshatileyo: Inxaxheba yokumkela uonografi kunye nokuxhalabisa. Umbhalo woPhando loLwesondo, i-55 (6), i-772-782. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Isishwankathelo soManyano sichanileyo, njengoko kuhamba. Enyanisweni, ukusebenzisana okuphambili kubonakalisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa koononophelo kuhlobene Ngaphantsi nolwalamano nolwaneliseko zombini amadoda kunye nabasetyhini (ngaphezulu kwendoda, obani abanako ukusebenzisa rhoqo iifostile):

nguyenbyen

IKohut, T., Fisher, WA, kunye neCampbell, L. (2017).Imiphumo ebonakalayo yecalografi kwintsebenziswano esitshatileyo: Iziphumo zokuqala zokufumana iziphumo ezivulekileyo, ezithatha inxaxheba kolwazi, "uphando-uphando". I-Archives of Sexual behavior, 46 (2), 585-602. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Amalungu oMdibaniso uTaylor Kohut kunye noWilliam Fisher. Olu phononongo olusemgangathweni, olungenalo unxibelelwano, ngomnye umzekelo wobuchule bemilingo bukaKohut bokuyila izifundo ezalungisa izihloko zentloko. Ngaba injongo yolu phononongo kukuzama (ukuphikisa) Izifundo ze-75 ezibonisa ukusetyenziswa koononophelo zinempembelelo embi kwiintsebenziswano? Ezi ndlela zimbini eziphambili zendlela (iimpazamo) zolu phononongo zezi:imvubeyokwakha

I-1) Isifundo asiqukethe isampuli esimele. Nangona uphando oluninzi lubonisa ukuba incinci yabancinci bebudlelwane bexesha elide isebenzisa i-porn, kulolu cwaningo i-95% yabasetyhini basebenzisa i-pornography ngokwabo. Kwaye i-83% yabasetyhini basebenzisa i-pornography ukususela ekuqaleni kobudlelwane (kwezinye iimeko iminyaka). Lezo zireyithi ziphezulu kunamaziko asekholejini! Ngamanye amazwi, abaphandi babonakala beye bahlawula isampula zabo ukuze bavelise iziphumo ababezifunayo. I nyaniso? Ulwaziso oluvela kwi-survey ye-US ephakamileyo ngokubanzi (i-General Social Survey) yabika ukuba kuphela i-2.6% yabasetyhini abatshatileyo abaye bavakashela "iwebhusayithi yezononografi" ngenyanga yokugqibela. Idatha esuka kwi-2000 - 2004 (ngokubanzi ubone Iphonografi noMtshato, 2014).

imvubeyokwakha

I-2) Isifundo asihambisani nokusetyenziswa koonobumba kunye naluphi na uhlobo olutshintshayo lokuhlola isondo okanye ulwalamano lwalamano. Kunoko, isifundo sasiqeshwe "imibuzo evulekileyo" apho umxholo ungasondeza malunga ne-pornography (yayingumgangatho wokubaluleka). Emva koko, abaphandi bafunda iinguqu kwaye bathetha, emva koko, ziphi iimpendulo "zibalulekileyo," kunye nendlela yokubonisa (spin?) Kumaphepha abo. Yabona Uphando Lophando: Okwenyaniso okanye Iingcamango?"Umboniso wevidiyo ochazela inyaniso emva kweengxelo ze-5 zipropagandists zikhankanya ukuxhasa izibango zabo zokuthi umlutha we-pornography awukho okanye ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana kubonisa inzuzo enkulu (enye yiyo yokufunda i-Kohut).

Nangona ezi ziphoso ezibulalayo kwaye nangona ziphumo ezimbi zichazwe ezinye zeesampuli zabo, abaphandi bathi impembelelo yezononophelo yayiyingozi kakhulu. Kwinyani, izicatshulwa ezivela kwisifundo sikaKohut zityhila uninzi lwezibini ezichaza iziphumo ezingalunganga ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa gwenxa.

Kubonakala kuthi ukuba ilebhu kaWilliam Fisher ipapasha izifundo ezithandabuzekayo okanye ezenzelwe ngononophelo kumzamo wokudida uluntu kunye nentatheli ukuba bakholelwe ukuba kukho ubungqina obulinganayo bokuphikisa ukungahambelani kwezifundo ezinxibelelanisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanyala kubantu abahlwempuzekileyo ngokwesini kunye nolwaneliseko lobuhlobo. Igama lolu hlobo lwengcaciso engeyiyo ngabom yi "agnotology": ukuveliswa ngabom kolwazi olungelulo olulahlekisayo lokusetyenziswa koluntu. Sicebisa uLinda Hatch PsychCentral inqaku elivavanya i-agnotology kwicandelo lezesini: “I-Bogus Sexual 'Controversy' kunye nabaPhumli bokungazi."

Staley, C., kunye noPrause, N. (2013). Iimpembelelo zokujonga i-Erotica kubuhlobo obusondeleyo kunye nokuhlola / ukuzibandakanya ngabalingani. Imiqulu yokuziphatha ngokwesondo, i-42 (4), i-615-624. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu.

Uhlalutyo: Ilungu leSivumelwano sikaNicole Prause. Ukujonga i-porn, kuba yi-horny, kwaye emva koko ufuna ukuphuma, akusoloko kufumaneka ngokuphawulekayo. Le "laboratory" efunyenwe yi-laboratories engabonakaliyo isitsho nantoni ngeempembelelo zexesha elide lokusetyenziswa koonwabo kwiintsebenziswano (kwakhona, Izifundo ze-75 - kunye nokufundiswa kwamadoda-ukuxhatshaza ukusetyenziswa kweentlobano zesinxeba ukuya kwisini esincinci kunye nokwaneliseka kobudlelwane). Olu vavanyo lufana nokuvavanya iziphumo zotywala ngokubuza abaxhasi bebha ukuba baziva kamnandi emva kwesibini sabo sokuqala. Ngaba olu vavanyo lwexesha elinye lusixelela nantoni na malunga neemvakalelo zabo ngentsasa elandelayo okanye iziphumo zexesha elide zokusetyenziswa kotywala okungapheliyo? Akumangalisi ukuba uMdibaniso ushiye zonke iziphumo zikaPrause:

"Ukubukela iifilimu ezithandayo zenza ukuba neengxelo ezinzulu zithintelo, unecala, kunye nexhala"

Ukungathinteki kakubi kuchaza iimvakalelo ezimbi. Ukubambisana kubonakala.

IMaddox, i-AM, iRhoades, i-GK, kunye neMarkman, i-HJ (2011).Ukujonga izinto eziphathekayo ngokwesini kuphela okanye ndawonye: Amashishini kunye nobuhlobo bomtshato. I-Archives of Sexual behavior, 40 (2), 441-448. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Njengakwezinye izifundo ezidwelisiweyo uMdibaniso ushiya naziphi na iziphumo ezingathandekiyo. Isishwankathelo sabo asiphumelelanga ukuveza ukuba abantu abangazange bajonge iphonografi (SEM) baxele (1) "ubuhlobo obusenyongweni obuphezulu kuwo onke amanqaku kunabo bajonga i-SEM yedwa,"Kunye (2)"amazinga angaphantsi okungathembeki.”Isicatshulwa:

“Olu phononongo luphande ubudlelwane phakathi kokubukela izinto ezibonisa isini (SEM) kunye nobudlelwane obusebenza kwisampulu yabantu abanga-1291 abangatshatanga kubudlelwane bezothando… Abantu abangakhange bajonge i-SEM bavakalise ubuhlobo obuphezulu obuphezulu kuzo zonke iindlululo kunabo bajonga i-SEM yedwa. Abo bajonga i-SEM kuphela kunye namaqabane abo babikezela ukuzinikezela ngakumbi kunye nokwaneliseka kwezesondo kunabo bajonga i-SEM yodwa. Ukwahlukana kuphela phakathi kwabo bangakhange bajonge i-SEM kunye nalabo bawajonga kuphela ngamaqabane abo kukuba abo ongazange wayijonga le nto wayenemilinganiselo ephantsi yokungathembeki. ”

Ekubeni uninzi lwabanye abantu babukela i-porn kuphela, oku kuthetha iinduli ezininzi. Ngoxa isifundo sathi amabini "Ukujonga i-SEM kuphela kunye namaqabane abo babikezele ngakumbi ukuzinikezela kunye nokwaneliseka kokwabelana ngesondo", Eli qela limele iqhezu elincinci labantu abasebenzisa i-pornography. Oku kuxhaswa ngedatha evela kwingxowa-mali enkulu yelizwe (GSS) echaze ukuba kuphela i-2.6% yabesifazane base-US abaye bavakashela "iwebhusayithi yezocwangco" ngenyanga yokugqibela. Umbuzo wabuzwa kuphela kwi-2002 kunye ne-2004 (bona Iphonografi noMtshato, 2014). Maddox et al., I-2011 ibandakanyiwe kuluhlu lwe-YBOP Izifundo ze-70 ezidibanisa ukusetyenziswa koononophelo ukuya kwisini esincinci kunye nokwaneliseka kobudlelwane.

Iimodeli zeCandelo lokuXhatshazwa koBucala

Umxholo / uqobo: Kubonakala ukuba onke amalungu e-Alliance aphikisana nomzekelo wokuxhatshazwa (amaninzi amaninzi abachasayo ngokunyanisekileyo ukuxhatshazwa kwezesondo, ngokungapheliyo ukuchasa kakubi uphando, abahlalutyi bezobisi, ukuhlambalaza abo bathi umlutha wobugqwetha ukhona, amadoda ahlukumezayo). Ayicacanga into yokuba imbumba yamanyeneyo yamaphepha amaninzi angabalulekanga ayilelwe ukukhohlisa abaphulaphuli kunye neendaba ezingazaziyo. Oko banikezela ngeepale xa kuthelekiswa nophando olupapashiweyo inkxaso ubukho bezilwanyana ezingcolileyo.

Ekuqaleni, NguUkunyanzelwa kokuziphatha kakubi ngokwesondo ”kwaye ikwi-ICD-11 entsha ye-WHO.  Isichazi esichanekileyo ngakumbi esithi "Ukunyanzelwa kokuziphatha gwenxa kwezesondo" (CSBD) sithathe indawo enkulu "yoBungqingili" kuncwadi. Zombini i-Hypersexuality kunye ne-Compulsive Behaeve Disorder ziye zasebenza njengemigaqo yeambrela yeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuziphatha ngokwesini ezikwabizwa ngokuba "likhoboka lesini," "umlutha we-porn," "umlutha we-cybersex," njl. isetyenzisiwe incwadi yokuqonda isifo, Ulwahlulo lwaMazwe ngamazwe (ICD-11), iqulethe uvavanyo olutsha esifanelekileyo kwi-pornography okanye ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo: "Ukuxhatshazwa kwezesondo ngokunyanisekileyo. "

Ngokwamkela isimilo sokuziphatha kunye nokwenza isifo-isifo sokuxilonga ziphatha kakubi ngokwesondo, i-World Health Organisation iya kulungelelaniswa nayo I-American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM). Ngo-Agasti, i-2011 America yeengcali ezigqithiseleyo zokuxilisa i-ASAM zazikhupha zazo ukuchazwa kwintsholongwane entsha.

Okwesibini, i-Alliance yashiya onke amaphepha axhasa imodeli yoxhatshazo:

I-Alliance yashiya ezinye iimeko ezininzi ezifanelekileyo, ukuphononongwa, kunye namazwana malunga nokuxhatshazwa koxhatshazo. Umzekelo, a Ukukhangela kwe-Google Scholar "ukuxhatshazwa koxhatshazo" kubuyisela izicatshulwa ze-23,000. Ngelixa amaninzi eenkcazo zijongene nokuxhatshazwa kwezidakamizwa okanye ukukhutshwa kwengqondo yenzelwa ukuxhatshazwa kweengqondo, kuninzi ezimbalwa ezichaphazelekayo kweli candelo - kwaye zikhutshwe ngenjongo.

Okwesithathu, ukunyanzeliswa kunye nokunyanzeliswa kubandakanyiwe kwimodeli yokulutha: AmaNayayers azama ukwenza into ngokuqinisekisa ukuba "ukunyanzelwa" kunye "nokunyanzeliswa" ngandlela thile eyahlukileyo yemodeli yokuxhatshazwa kwabantu ngokwesini, eyahlukileyo kwimodeli yokulutha. Akunjalo njengoko izifundo zokulutha umlutha zixela ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba izixhobo ezinomlutha zombini ukungafuneki nokunyanzelisa. (Usesho lwe-Google Scholar ukunyanzela + ukunyanzeliswa + ukubuyisela ukunyanzeliswa kweempawu ze-22,000.) Nazi izichaso ezilula ukungafuneki kwaye nyanzelwa:

  • Impulsivity: Ukwenza ngokukhawuleza kwaye kungenakucingela okanye ukucwangcisa ngokufanelekileyo ukuphendula kwisitatimende sangaphakathi okanye sangaphandle. Isikhundla sokwamkela umvuzo omncinci ngokukhawuleza ukuxhaswa kokubambezeleka kunye nokungakwazi ukuyeka ukuziphatha ngokuvisisa xa sele isetyenziswe.
  • Ukunyanzeliswa: Uqwalasela ukuziphatha okuphindaphindiweyo okwenziwa ngokwemiqathango ethile okanye ngendlela echasayo. Ezi ziphatha ziyaqhubeka nokuqhubeka nemiphumo emibi.

Ukuqikelela, abaphandi abanomdla ngokuqhelekileyo kubonisa umlutha njengentuthuko evela ngqiqweni ukuziphatha okufuna ukuzonwabisa ukuziphatha okuphindaphindiweyo ukuphepha ukuphazamiseka (njengentlungu yokuhoxiswa). Ngaloo ndlela, Umlutha uquka enye yabini, kunye nezinye izinto. Ngoko umahluko phakathi "kwimizekelo" yokungafuni nokunyanzelisa njengoko ihambelana ne-CSBD ayinqunyulwa kwaye imiswe ngendlela iNdibano iphakamisa ngayo.

Ngendlela, inkxalabo malunga neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zonyango kwiimodeli nganye ibomvu ebomvu njengoko i-ICD-11 engavumi naluphi na uhlobo impatho i-CSBD okanye nayiphina ingxaki yengqondo okanye yomzimba. Oku kuya kumsebenzi wezempilo. Kwiphepha lakhe le2018, "Ukuziphatha ngokunyanisekileyo ngokwesondo: Indlela engekho nto, Ilungu leqela leqela le-CSBD uJon Grant MD, MPH, JD (ingcali efanayo kunye nePrause / Klein / Kohut echazwe ngaphambili) ifunyanise i-diagnosis, ukuxilongwa ngokungafaniyo, ukuxhatshazwa kunye kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokwelapha ezihambelana nokuxilongwa kwe-CSBD entsha. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ingcali uGrant ithi Ukuziphatha koSondo ngokunyanzelayo kuthiwa "ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo" kweli phepha!

Okwesine: "Akusiyo umlutha, kuyinyanzeliso." Oku kusilethela kwingxoxo 'yokunyanzeliswa' ngokumalunga 'nokunyanzela'. likhoboka kwaye nyanzelwa zombini imimiselo eyangena ulwimi lwethu lwemihla ngemihla. Njengamazwi amaninzi asetyenziswa ngokufanayo, anokusetyenziswa kakubi kwaye aqondwa kakuhle.

Xa bephikisana nombono wokuzilahla, ngokukodwa ukuxhatshazwa kwezocwaswa, abantu abanokuzithemba bahlala bebiza ukuba ukugqithisa i-pornography 'kuyinyanzeliso' kungekhona 'ukunyaniseka'. Abanye baze bafune ukuba umlutha "ufana" no-Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Xa kuqhutyelwa phambili ngokubhekiselele kwindlela 'ukunyanzeliswa kokusebenzisa iX' kuyahlukana ngayo neurologically ukusuka 'kumlutha ku-X', ukuphindaphinda okuqhelekileyo ngaba bantu abangafundile kukuba "ukunyanzela ukuziphatha kungumhlobo we-OCD." Amanga.

Imizila emininzi yophando ibonisa ukuba izidakamizwa ziyahlukahluka kwi-OCD kwiindlela ezininzi ezibandakanyekayo, kubandakanywa ukungalingani kweengqondo. Yingakho i-DSM-5 kunye ne-ICD-11 inezintlu ezahlukeneyo zokuxilonga izifo ezinzima kunye iingxaki zomlutha. Izifundo zishiya ngokungathandabuzeki ukuba i-CSBD hayi uhlobo lwe-OCD. Enyanisweni, ipesenteji zabasebenzi be-CSB kunye ne-OCD eyenza ngokubambisana iyinto encinci. Ukusuka Ukuqiqa kunye nokuvavanywa kweNgxaki yokuXhomekeka kwiHypersexual: Uvavanyo oluCwangcisiweyo loNcwadi (2016)

Ukukhathazeka okubambisene neembambano kuye kwacatshangelwa ukuba kuqikelele ukunyanzeliswa ngokwesini (40) ngenxa yokuba ezinye iifundo zifumene abantu abanokuziphatha okubi ngokobuxhakaxhakaba kwi-spectrum of compulsive disorder (OCD). I-OCD yokuziphatha ngokuxhatshazwa koxhatshazo engahambelani ne-DSM-5 (1) ukuqonda ukuxilongwa kwe-OCD, engabandakanyi ukuxilongwa kwezo ziphatho ezivela kuyo abantu. Nangona iingcamango ezigqithisileyo zohlobo lwe-OCD zisoloko ziba nomxholo wesondo, ukunyanzeliswa okuhambelanayo okwenziwe ekuphenduleni ukugqithiswa akukwenzelwa ukuzonwabisa. Abantu abane-OCD ingxelo yexhala kunye neentloni kunokuba babe nesifiso sesini okanye bavuke xa bejamelene neemeko ezibangela ukugqithiswa kunye nokunyanzeliswa, ekugqibeleni kwenziwa kuphela ukucima ukukhathazeka iingcamango ezivuthayo. (41)

Ukususela ngoJuni, isifundo se-2018: Ukuhlaziya indima yobudlova kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwiingxaki zokuThatshazwa ngokwesondo:

Uphando oluthile luhlolisise imibutho phakathi kokunyanzeliswa kunye noxhatshazo. Phakathi kwendoda engenayo i-dispersexual disorder disorder (CSBD) engekho iparaphilius (CSBD), ubude bexesha lobomi be-disorder-disulsive disorder-disorder disorder-characterized by compulsivity-i-0% ukuya kwi-14%.

Ukuqwalasela-okunokubambisana nokuziphatha okunyanzelekileyo-kwindoda efuna unyango ephethe ukuxhatshazwa koxhatshaxhaka kufunyenwe ukuba iphakanyiswe ngokukodwa kwinqanaba elifanisayo, kodwa ubungakanani bomlinganiselo wale mehluko bebuthathaka. Xa ubudlelwane phakathi kwezinga lokuziphatha okunyanzelekileyo-kuhlolwe yi-subscale ye-Intlanganiso ye-Clinical Interviews ye-DSM-IV (SCID-II) kunye nenqanaba lokuxhatshazwa koxhatshazo lwahlolisiswa phakathi kwindoda efuna unyango ngengxaki yokuxhatshazwa kwabantu, kuhlanganisene ubudlelwane obuhle, obuthathaka. Ngenxa yesiphumo esikhankanywe ngasentla, ukunyanzelisa kubonakala kuncedisa ngendlela encinci kwi-hypersexual [CSBD].

Kwisifundo esinye, ukunyanzeliswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwahlolisiswa ngokubhekisele kwiinkcenkcazo zoononophelo ezinobungozi phakathi kwabantu, kubonisa ubudlelwane obuhle kodwa obuthathaka. Xa uphando ngumbono onzima, ulwalamano oluphakathi kokunyanzeliswa ngokubanzi kunye nokusetyenziswa koonografi olunengxaki lwaluxhatshazwa ngumlutha wesondo kunye noxilongo lwe-intanethi, kunye nokulutha komlingo ngokubanzi. Kuthathwe ndawonye, ​​imibutho phakathi kokunyanzeliswa kunye nokuxhatshazwa koxhatshazo kunye nokusetyenziswa komngcipheko kubonakala kunzima.

Kukhona ingxoxo ekhoyo ngokuphathelele indlela engcono ngayo yokuqwalasela ukuziphatha okubi ngokwesini (njengokuxhatshazwa ngokwesini kunye nokusetyenziswa koonografi okunengxaki), kunye neendlela ezikhuphisanayo eziphakamisa izigaba njengemingcipheko yokulawulwa kwempembelelo, ukuphazamiseka kwemithambo yokunyanzelisa, okanye izilingo zokuziphatha. Ubudlelwane phakathi kweempawu zokuguquka kunye nokunyanzeliswa kunye neengxaki zokuziphatha ngokwesini kufuneka zixelele ezo ngcamango, nangona zombini ukunyanzeliswa kunye nokunyanzeliswa kuye kwabandakanywa izilingo.

Ukufumanisa ukuba ukungahambisani nokuziphatha kakubi ngokumalunga nokuxhatshazwa ngokwesini kunika inkxaso ekusetyenzisweni kweengxaki zokuziphatha ngokwezesondo (njengoko kucetyiswa i-ICD-11; I-World Health Organization njengengxaki yokulawula umgudu okanye ukuziphatha okubi kokuziphatha. iziphazamiso zokulawula umz. (umz., i-disordent disorder disorder, i-pyromania, kunye ne-kleptomania) kunye nezinto eziphambili zengxaki yokuziphatha ngokwesondo kunye neengxaki ezicetywayo ngenxa yokuziphatha kakubi (umzekelo, ukugembula kunye neengxaki zokudlala), tUkwahlula kwesifo sengxaki yokuziphatha ngokwesondo kwisigaba esilandelayo sibonakala sisekelwa bhetele.

Okwesibini: Zonke iiprogram kunye neuropsychological studies ezipapashwe kubasebenzisi boononophala kunye nezilingo zonyango (ngokuqhelekileyo zichazwa njenge-CSB) zichaze iziphumo ezihambelanayo nomzo (njenjalo malunga nezifundo ze-40 ukunyuka kwengxelo okanye ukunyamezela / ukuhlala).

kwi 2016 UGeorge F. Koob kwaye Nora D. Volkow  bapapaphononononongo lwabo oluphawulekayo I-New England Journal of Medicine: I-Neurobiologic Intuthuko evela kwi-Brain Disease Model of Addiction. U-Koob unguMlawuli weSizwe soNxila kuTywala nokuTywala (iNIAAA), kunye noVolkow ngumlawuli weSizwe seSizwe sokuLawulwa kweziyobisi (NIDA). Eli phepha lichaza inguqu enkulu yengqondo echaphazelekayo kunye nezidakamizwa zokuziphatha, ngelixa lichaza kwisiqendu sokuqala ukuba izidakamizwa zokuziphatha ngokwesondo:

Siya kugqiba ekubeni i-neuroscience iyaqhubeka isondeza umzekelo wesifo sengqondo somlutha. Ucwaningo lwe-neuroscience kule ndawo aliniki nje ngamathuba amatsha okuthintela kunye nokunyangwa kwezidakamizwa kunye nezidakamizwa eziphathekayo zokuziphatha (umzekelo, ukutya, isini, kunye nokugembula) ....

Iphepha leVolkow kunye neKoob lichaze utshintsho olusisiseko olunxulumene neziyobisi, ezi: 1) Sensitization, 2) Ukuxhatshazwa, 3) Izijikelezo ezingasebenzi (unobungqina), i-4) Inkqubo yokuxinzelela ingxaki. Zonke i-4 zale nguqu zengqondo ziye zafunyanwa phakathi kwezifundo ze-42 zezobuchopho kunye neuropsychological ezidweliswe eli phepha:

  • Ukuhlolwa kwengxelo ku khuthazwa (cue-reactivity kunye neminqweno) kubasebenzisi bezesono / izilonda zesini: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27.
  • Ukuhlolwa kwengxelo ukungafuneki okanye ukuhlala (kubangele ukunyamezela) kubasebenzisi bezono zobunono / izilonda zesini: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8.
  • Izifundo zokubika ukusebenza komsebenzi osweleyo (ukungazenzisi) okanye utshintshile umsebenzi wokubambisana nabaselula bezondo / izilwanyana zesini: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19.
  • Izifundo ezibonisa inkqubo yoxinzelelo engasebenzi kubasebenzisi bamaselula / izilonda zesini: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.

Ukuxhaswa kobungqina obukhoyo be-CSBD (ubuxhakaxhakaxhaka) buhambisana nomzekelo wokuxhatshazwa.

Ukuya kumaphepha amaninzi angabalulekanga.

Studi Studies:

UKrüger, TH, uSchiffer, B., uEikermann, M., Haake, P., uGizewski, uE, kunye noSchedlowski, M. (2006). Umlinganiselo we-neurochemical measure of cerebrospinal fluid ngexesha lomjikelezo wesondo lomntu. I-European Journal ye-Neuroscience, i-24 (12), i-3445-3452. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Senza ntoni esi sifundo apha? Ayixhasi okanye iyabala imodeli yokulutha. Ngaba ikhankanyiwe ngenxa yokuba uNicole Prause noDavid Ley bayala ngokungagungqiyo eyona ndima iphambili yedopamine ekuvuseleleni ngokwesondo kunye nenkuthazo? Umzekelo, I-Prause ithi ngokungapheli ukuba ukubukela imidvwana idlala ngokufana neyobuchopho. Nakuba zenzululwazi, le ngongoma yokuthetha idla ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngabalandeli, intatheli kunye namanye amalungu e-Alliance. Mhlawumbi i-Alliance kufuneka iqhagamshelane no-Jim Pfaus, onayo papashwa kakhulu indima ye-dopamine kwindlela yokuziphatha ngokwesondo. Mhlawumbi bafanele benze isazi seGoogle ukukhangela "i-dopamine yokuvusa isondo" eyenzekayo ukubuyisa izingqisho ezingama-48,000. Inqaku elilandelayo liphendula kwincoko kaPrause engaxhaswanga: Ukulungiswa kokungaqondani malunga Neuroscience kunye neengxaki zengxaki zesondo (2017) nguDon Hilton, MD.

USteele, iVR, uStaley, uC., UFong, uT., NoPrause, uN. (2013). Umnqweno wesondo, hayi ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesini, inxulumene neempendulo ze-neurophysiological eziphakanyiswe yimifanekiso yesondo. I-neuroscience kunye nesayensi yezengqondo, 3 (1), 20770. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

uhlalutyo: Ilungu leSivumelwano sikaNicole Prause. Phawula: Olu pho nonongo luye lwongezwa kwiiveki ze-5 emva kwe-RealYBOP (i-Prause) yakha icandelo "leeModeli zoBungqingili". Kutheni i Prause ikulinda ixesha elide ukuthumela isifundo sayo esidumileyo? Ngenxa yokuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba:

  1. I-Prause yayichaza kakubi ukufunyanwa okwenziwe kuluntu
  2. Iziphumo ezikhoyo Steele et al., I-2013 inkxaso ngenkxaso yomzobo
  3. Isifundo se-2013 ye-EEG sasisona siqingatha sokuqala Prause et al., 2015
  4. Steele et al., I-2013 yayingekho iqela lokulawula ukuthelekisa
  5. Phezulu, Steele okqhubekayo. zichazwe ziphumo zichasene nazo Prause et al., I-2015 (enye ibangelwa ukusetyenziswa kombono ophezulu, omnye uthi ukusebenza kwengqondo ephantsi)

Ukuba ufuna ukufunda uluvo lwengcali yokwenyani kwi Steele et al. -Kwaye umdlalo-wokudlala, bona eli phepha liqulathe izikhalazo ezi-8 ezihlaziyiweyo zontanga eziveza inyani: Iingcaphephe ezihlaziyiweyo zontanga Steele et al., 2013. Bona kwakhona - Ukuhlaziya "Steele et al., 2013 ": iziphumo ezifumanekileyo zixhasa imodeli yoxhatshazo lwezobisi.

Kancinci malunga nePrause isifundo esiqingqiweyo: Ngo-Matshi 6th, 2013 David Ley kunye nomkhulumeli UNicole Prause iqela ukuya kubhala Psychology Namhlanje iposi ngeposi Steele et al., 2013 ebizwa ngokuba "Ubuchopho Bakho kwi-Porn - AYIKHULI". Isihloko sawo-so-catch catching because it has nothing to do with Ubunjani bakho kwiSigonyo okanye i-neuroscience yenziwa khona. Kunoko, uMatshi ka-David Ley, i-post ye-blog ye-2013 ibeka umlinganiselo kwisifundo esisodwa se-EEG esichaphazelekayo - Steele et al., 2013.

Ibhokisi lebhu yeLey yabonakala iinyanga 5 phambi kokuba Ucwaningo lwe-EEG lupapashwe ngokusemthethweni. Inyanga kamva (ngo-Apreli 10th) Psychology Namhlanje abahleli bengashicileli iposi yeblo ye-blog ngenxa yeengxabano ezungeze iimangalo zayo ezingabonakaliyo kunye nokukhanyela kukaPrause ukuba anike isifundo sakhe esinganyathelwanga kwabanye. Usuku Steele et al., kunye noonondaba ababandakanyekayo baya esidlangalaleni, u-Ley uphinde wayipapasha iposti yakhe. U-Ley watshintsha umhla webhlog yakhe wayifaka kuJulayi 25 2013, ekugqibeleni wavala izimvo.

I-Prause ye-PR ekhankanyiweyo ngokukhawuleza yabangela ukusasazwa kweendaba kwihlabathi lonke kunye neentloko ezithi ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo kwadalwa (!). Ngaphakathi Ndlebe zeTV kunye UCLA u kukhutshwa UNicole Prause wenza izibini ezimbini ezingaxhaswanga ngokupheleleyo malunga nesifundo sakhe se-EEG:

  1. Ubungqina bezakhono abazange baphendule njengamanye amanxeba.
  2. Ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesini (ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesini) kuqondwa kakuhle ngokuthi "umnqweno ophezulu."

Akukho kwezo ziphumo zikhoyo Steele et al. 2013. Enyanisweni, isifundo sabika into echasene noko uNicole Prause athi. Intoni Steele et al., 2013 ngokuqinisekileyo yathi "ukufunyanwa kwengqondo" yayo:

"I-P300 ithetha ukuphakama kwimeko yesimo esonwabileyo kunesimo esihle kunezinto ezingathandekiyo, kwaye ezimnandi-ezingekho zesondo"

translation: Abasebenzisi bezononophelo abaqhelekileyo babenomlinganiselo omkhulu-i-reactivity (ukufundwa kwe-EEG ephezulu) ukucacisa imifanekiso yesondo ngokuphathelele kwimifanekiso engathathi hlangothi. Oku kuyafana nento eyenzekayo xa izilonda zonyango zivezwe kwiinkcukacha ezihlobene zabo likhoboka.

Intoni Steele et al., I-2013 yatsho nje ngokuthi "ukufunyaniswa kwesifiso sesondo":

Ulwahlulo olukhulu lwe-P300 ukulinganisa kwezesondo, oluhambelana nokungahambisani nokungathathi hlangothi, lwaluhambelana kakubi neminqweno yesondo, kodwa aluhambelani nemilinganiselo yoxhatshazo. "

Ukuguqulelwa: Ngokungafanelekanga kuthetha umnqweno ophantsi. Abantu abanomdla omkhulu-ukukhwabanisa noononophelo banomnqweno omncinane wokulala ngesondo kunye nomlingane (kodwa kungekhona umnqweno ophantsi wokugcoba). Ukubeka enye indlela - abantu abaneentshukumo zobuchopho kunye nezifiso zoononophala ezikhethwa ukuba zihlaziye ngokugqithiseleyo kunononophala kunokuba zilalane nomntu ongokoqobo.

Hlanganisa ezi zibini Steele et al. Iziphumo zibonisa umsebenzi ophezulu wengqondo kwiingcamango (imifanekiso engamanyala), kodwa kungaphantsi kokunciphisa imivuzo yemvelo (isondo kunye nomntu). Zombini ziimpawu zokuxhatshazwa, ezibonisa kokubili ukukhuthazwa kunye nokungafuneki. Ukunika ingxelo phantsi Psychology Namhlanje udliwanondlebe yoMdumo, uprofesa ophakamileyo wezezinzululwazi ovela kuJohn A. Johnson uthe:

"Ingqondo yam iqhubekile kwi-Claims ye-Prause ukuba ubuchopho bayo bayizifundo abazange baphendule kwimifanekiso yesondo ezifana nobugqirha bezilwelisi baphendule kwiziyobisi zabo, ngenxa yokuba ixela ukufundwa kweP300 ephezulu kwimifanekiso yesondo. Kanye nje nabagqwetha abonisa iip300 spikes xa beboniswa iziyobisi zabo ezikhethiweyo. Wayenokwenza njani isigqibo esichasene neziphumo zangempela?

John Johnson uyaqhubeka:

I-Mustanski iyabuza, "Yintoni eyayiyinjongo yokufunda?" Kunye noPrause uyaphendula, "Uphononongo lwethu luvavanywe ukuba ngaba abantu abavakalisa iingxaki ezinjalo [iingxaki ekulawuleni ukujonga kwabo kwi-online eerotica] bafana nezinye izilonda ezivela kwiimpendulo zabo zobuchopho kwimifanekiso yesondo."

Kodwa isifundo asizange siqhathanise ukurekhoda kwengqondo kubantu abaneengxaki ezilawula ukujonga kwabo kwi-online eerotica ekugqibeleni ubuchopho bezilwanyana eziluthayo kunye nokuqoshwa kwengqondo kwiqela elingalawulwa ngumlutha, eliya kuba yindlela ecacileyo yokubona ukuba ubuchopho buphendula njani iqela libukeka ngakumbi njengeempendulo zobuchopho bezilutha okanye ezingekho izilonda... ..

Ngoko eli qela elibika ingxaki ekulawuleni ukujonga kwabo kwi-eerotic online ine-EEG impendulo enamandla kwiimifanekiso ezikhulayo kunezinye iintlobo zemifanekiso. Ngaba izilonda zibonisa impendulo e-EEG echanekileyo xa ithuliswa izilwanyana ezikhethiweyo? Asiyazi. Ngaba eziqhelekileyo, ezingekho izilonda zibonisa impendulo enamandla njengeqela elixhalabileyo ukuya kwi-etica? Kwakhona, asazi. Asazi ukuba ngaba le pateni ye-EEG ifana neendlela zobuchopho okanye izilonda.

Iqela lephando loPhando liyakuthi likwazi ukubonisa ukuba impendulo ephakamileyo ye-EEG yezifundo zabo kwi-erotica iyimpendulo yengqondo yomlutha okanye i-response-libido yesiphephelo sobuchopho ngokubambisana nesethi yamanqaku eemviwo ngeengxaki ezahlukeneyo kwiimpendulo ze-EEG. Kodwa ukucacisa ukungafani kwempendulo ye-EEG ngumbuzo ohlukeneyo ekuhloliseni ukuba impendulo yeqela jikelele ibonakala iyilutha okanye ayikho.

Ngaphandle kwamanqaku amaninzi angaxhaswanga kumaphephandaba, okuphazamisayo Steele et al., Ngo-2013 kupasiswe uphononongo loontanga, njengoko ihlupheka kwiziphoso ezinzulu zendlela yokusebenza: 1) i-heterogeneous (abesilisa, amabhinqa, abangenabo abathathu); Izifundo ze-2) ingakhange ihlolwe ingxaki yengqondo okanye izilingo; 3) akukho liqela lolawulo lokuthelekisa; Imibuzo yee-4) ayivumelekanga ukusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana okanye utywala.

Ingqungquthela evela kutshanje Amaphepha ahlaziywe ngamanye ama-8 ukucacisa inyaniso malunga noPhando lwe-EEG izifundo: Ukuxhatshazwa koThutho lwe-intanethi: Yintoni esiyayaziyo kunye nento esiyiyiyo-Ukuhlolwa kweNkqubo (2019)

Ubu bungqina bale misebenzi ye-neural yokumisela umnqweno ikakhulukazi kwi-correx ye-prefrontal [101] kunye ne-amygdala [102,103], kuba ubungqina bokukhuthaza. Ukusebenza kule mimandla yengqondo kukukhumbuza umvuzo wemali [104] kwaye inokuthi ithwale impembelelo efanayo. Ngaphezu koko, kukho ukufundwa kwe-EEG ephakamileyo kulaba basebenzisi, kunye nesifiso esinciphile ngesondo kunye nomlingane, kodwa kungekhona ukuphinga i-pornography [105], into ebonakalayo kumgangatho ophezulu wokwakhiwa komgangatho [8]. Oku kungathathwa njengophawu lokungafuneki.

Nangona kunjalo, uphononongo lukaSteele luqulathe iimpazamo ezininzi zendlela ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe (ngokungafaniyo kwisifundo, ukungabikho kovavanyo lokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okanye iziyobisi, ukungabikho kweqela elilawulayo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemibuzo engagunyaziswanga ekusebenziseni iphonografi] [106]. Uphando lwe Prause [107], ngeli xesha kunye neqela elilawulayo, luchaza ezi ziphumo. Inxaxheba yecuac reactivity kunye nesifiso ekuphuhlisweni kwezilwanyana ezinobungozi be-inthanethi ziye zaxhaswa kumfazi wesibini [108] kunye namasampula esithandana [109].

Ukuhlaziywa ngentla apha, njengabanye, kubonisa ukuba iPrause ingabonakali ngokucacileyo iziphumo zayo kwiimidiya. Njengoko zibhalwe kweli candelo, ulwazi olungelulo kunye nokumelwa gwenxa kuyimeko yekhosi.

I-Byers, LJ, Menzies, KS, kunye ne-O'Grady, WL (2004). Impembelelo yeenguqulelo zekhompyuter ekubukeni nasekuthumeleni izinto ezibonisa isondo kwi-Intanethi: ukuvavanya iCoper's "Injini eyiThathu". Ijenali yaseCanada yoBuntu, 13 (3/4), 157. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

uhlalutyo: Citation inflation njengoko eli phepha lixhatshazwa "ngamanqaku okuxhatshazwa ngokwesini". Kunoko, i-RealYBOP ifinyelela emuva kwi-2003, ekufumaneni uphando lwangaphandle (kunye neendlela ezingathandabuzekiyo) ezicebisa ukuba ukuveliswa kwe-intanethi kunempembelelo encinci kwindlela esidla ngayo. I-Laughable kwaye ingahambelani nanoma yiphina iphepha elipapashwe ukususela oko. Mhlawumbi i-RealYBOP kufuneka ifunde oku Iphepha le-2018 ngumbutho wakhe ongumlingani uJoshua Grubbs, owathi:

Hedonic Reinforcement

Kwinqanaba lesibini lomzekelo, Sifaka ukuba i-IP (i-intanethi ye-intanethi) isebenza njengenjongo yokuqinisa iinjongo zesondo ze-hedonic. Nangona umsebenzi wesondo kwanaluphi na uhlobo lunokuba luncedo kwinqanaba elithile, i-IP inika ithuba lokudibanisa inqaku elithile, elifumaneka kalula, eliqhubekayo ngokukhawuleza, ngendlela evulekayo ngokukhethekileyo kunye nomvuzo (umzekelo, iGola et al. 2016). Imininzi eyaziwayo, engekho emthethweni iphakanyisile kakhulu (umzekelo, uFoubert, 2016; Wilson, 2014; Struthers, 2009). Ukongezelela, ezinye iimvavanyo ezicwangcisiweyo ziqwalasele kungenzeka ukuba i-IP ibonisa ukuvuselela okungaqhelekanga (umzekelo, iBartt, i-2010; i-Hilton, i-2013; i-Grinde, i-2002) kwindawo yokuziphendukela kwabantu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, akubangakho kuvavanyo olucwangcisiweyo oluvavanya ukuba kungenzeka ukuba iphonografi imele umvuzo onamandla ngakumbi we-hedonic. Kula macandelo alandelayo, sijonga ubungqina beli nyathelo lesibini….

Ukufikeleleka kwe-IP

Kubantu abaninzi, umvuzo okhawulezileyo nofumaneka ngokulula uhlala ulinganiswa njengokhetha ukulibaziseka kwembuyekezo, nokuba loo mvuzo ulibazisekileyo unokuba ngcono ngakumbi (umzekelo, ukulibaziseka kokwanelisa, ukulibaziseka kwezaphulelo; IBickel neMarsch, 2001). Eli licandelo elinye lezinto ezenza ukuba ukonwaba okuninzi, izinto ezisebenza ngengqondo zenze umkhwa (umzekelo, iBickel neMarsch, 2001): Nangona ezinye izinto zinokuba negalelo kwiindlela zokuziphatha ezichasayo (umz., Ukuxhomekeka komzimba, imeko yemfuza), unxibelelwano phakathi kovuselelo kunye nomvuzo wangoko unokuba ngumkhwa wokwenza. Ukwakha koku, ngaphambi kokuba umsebenzi wethiyori uphikise ukuba imeko yetekhnoloji ye-Intanethi ngesiqhelo ivelisa imbuyekezo yokuziphatha kwe-intanethi kwinqanaba elingazange libonwe ngaphambili, inkuthazo engeyiyo yemichiza (UDavis, 2001).

Ukususela ekuqaleni, uphando lwe-IP luye lwagxininisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ubume be-intanethi njengommeli omtsha kunye nohlengahlengiso olunokubangela ingxaki kwimeko evuzayo yemithombo yeendaba ezesondo ngokubanzi (Cooper et al., 1998; ISchwartz kunye noMazantsi, 2000). Nangona ukusebenzisana ngokwesondo okubandakanyekayo kudla ngokufuna inzame yoluntu kwaye ngoxa iindidi eziqhelekileyo, eziprintiweyo okanye ezirekhodiweyo zesondo zithi zifuna ubuncinci ezinye iinzame kunye neendleko zokufumana (umzekelo, ukuqhuba nokuchitha imali kwimidlalo yaseshashalazini yabantu abadala okanye ivenkile), i-IP ifikeleleka ngokukhawuleza kwaye ilula, luncedo njengento eqinisekisayo yokuziphatha komsebenzi othile ukwenelisa ukwanelisa ngesondo kunye nokuqhuba.

I-IP mhlawumbi ibonisa indlela elula yokufumana ukuxhaswa ngokwesondo okuye kwangaphambili engazange ibe yinto engafanelekiyo kwimeko yokuziphendukela kwabantu. Kwisifundo esenziwe ngokutsha esifanelekileyo (URothman et al., 2015) wolutsha lwangaphakathi-esixekweni, umxholo ophambili onxulumene nokusetyenziswa kwamanyala kukufumaneka kunye nokulula kokufikelela. Ukongeza, kwisampulu enye, bekukho neengxelo zokusetyenziswa kwe-IP, ngokuyinxenye, ngenxa yokukhululeka kwe-IPU yanelise iminqweno yesini okanye uxinzelelo lwesini. I-IP yayilula ukuyisebenzisa, enegalelo ekusebenziseni iipateni.

Kwangokunjalo, kwisifundo esifanelekileyo (uLöfgren-Mårtenson & Månsson, 2010), wolutsha lwaseSweden (N= 73; 49% yindoda; I-14-20), i-IP yachazwa njengeendlela ezikhawulezayo kunye nezilula zokufumana ukuzonwabisa ngokwesondo nokukhulula ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo. Ngokubambisana, ezi ziphumo zibonelela ngenkxaso yesigqibo sokuba enye yemeko ekhethekileyo ye-intanethi yikhono layo lokukhawuleza ukuvuza umtshato kunye nomnqweno.

Ukuphononongwa kwamva kwakutshanje ngokuxubusha iipropati ezizodwa ze-intanethi (uyazi, ukususela ekufikeni kwe-broadband, indawo ye-tube tube, ii-smart phones, i-VR-porn, njl.

UVarfi, N., uRothen, S., uJasiowka, K., oonoqhenqa, T., Bianchi-Demichelli, F., kunye noKhazaal, Y. Isimboli soqhagamshelwano, umkhwa, isifiso sozesondo, isimo sengqondo, kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwe-Cybersex. Umbhalo opheleleyo

uhlalutyoAndiqinisekanga ukuba kutheni uPrause edwelise eli phepha. Akukho ndlela apho iziphumo "zikhohlisayo" imodeli yoxhatshazo. Inokuba iyathandwa kuba ithi umnqweno wesini yenye yezinto ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwe-cybersex- kwaye uLey noPrause bahlala besithi ibango leziyobisi ezingamanyala. Njengoko kuchaziwe kwenye indawo, Izifundo ezingaphezulu kwe-25 zikhohlisa ibango lokuba isini kunye neziyobisi ezingamanyala "banomnqweno ophezulu wesondo", kubandakanywa nesifundo esibi kakhulu sePrause - Steele et al., 2013.

Oko kwathiwa, umnqweno wesini gqibela kwiluhlu zeenguqu ezinxulumene noxilongo lwe-inthanethi:

Njengoko kuboniswe kuyo 3 Table (ii-coefficients ezihambelanayo), iziphumo zibonisa ukuba impembelelo ebalulekileyo kwiiCIUS iziphumo zokudandatheka, kulandelwa isitayela sokuthintela, isini lesilisa kunye nesifiso sesondo.

Kukhankanywe kwenye indawo, sinayo ubalo olungenakuxazululwa lokuhlekisa "ngesondo" lokwenyani "kwiminqweno yokusebenzisa": Bobabini babandakanyeka phantsi kweengxaki ze-neurological and evaluated with questionnaires. Ukuba umntu uphendula ewe ukuba ufuna ukukrexeza ngokugqithiseleyo kukufuna ukukhupha imfesane kukuthanda, okanye umnqweno wokusebenzisa, okanye ukucinga ngomfana osemncinci?

UFuss, J., Briken, P., Stein, DJ, kunye noLochner, C. (2019). Ukunyanzelwa kokuziphatha ngokwesondo okunyanzelekileyo- ukuphazamiseka okunyanzelekileyo: Ukubekwa phambili kunye nokudibana okuhambelana noko. Ijenali yeziyobisi, 1-7. Umbhalo opheleleyo

Uhlalutyo: Ukusebenzisana kakubi nokufunyaniswa nokufunyaniswa kwamanga malunga noko kuthethwa yinyani. Apha, sinika amagama abalobi beengcali, hhayi iimveliso. Ukuchasana no-Denier oqhelekileyo uthi ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo kusemgangathweni nje ye-OCD, isifundo sichaza amazinga afanayo okuxhatshazwa kwezifo zesimo sokuziphatha ngokwesondo (CSBD) kulabo abaneengxaki eziphosakeleyo (OCD) njengoko zifunyaniswe kubantu bonke:

Kule sifundo, sasinomdla kwiindawo ezixhaphakileyo kunye neentlalo ezichaphazelekayo kunye nezikliniki ze-CSBD kwizigulane ezine-OCD. Okokuqala, safumanisa ukuba i-3.3% yezigulane ezine-OCD zine-CSBD yangoku kwaye i-5.6% yayine-CSBD yobomi, ngokuxhaphake kakhulu kwabesilisa kunabesifazane.

Ekugqibeleni, idatha yethu ibonisa ukuba amazinga omlinganiselo we-CSBD kwi-OCD afaniswa nalawo kubemi jikelele nakwezinye ii-cohorts zokuxilonga

Ngaloo ndlela, njengamazinga e-CSBD kumabini omabini kunye noluntu jikelele luthelekiswa, ulwabelana ngesondo kunye nomlingo wezobisi hayi iintlobo ze-OCD. Ngapha koko, umanyano lwaxoka xa lwalusithi ababhali bathi i-CSBD akufuneki igqalwe njengekhoboka. Esi sivakalisi silandelayo siyavela “kwisishwankathelo sombhali,” kodwa kunjalo hayi kwisifundo:

"Olu phando luxhasa ukuqondwa kwe-CSBD njengengxaki yokunyanzelwa, kodwa hayi ngenxa yokuphazamiseka ngenxa yokusebenzisa iziyobisi okanye isimilo."

Umanyano ludibanise iibits ukusuka kwisiphelo-ngaphandle komxholo-ukunika umbono ongeyonyani. Esona sicatshulwa siphuma kwiphepha:

Ekugqibeleni, idatha yethu ibonisa ukuba amazinga omlinganiselo we-CSBD kwi-OCD afaniswa nalawo kubemi jikelele nakwezinye iindawo zokuxilonga. Ngaphezu koko, sifumane tInqanda ye-CSBD kwi-OCD yayinokuba yinto engathintekiyo nezinye iziphazamiso ezingenangqondo, ezinyanzelisayo kunye neengqondo, kodwa kungekhona ngezilingo zokuziphatha ezinxulumene nokuziphatha. Oku kufunyanwe kukuxhasa ukucingwa kwe-CSBD njengengxaki yokunyanzelisa.

Ukuguqulelwa: Izifundo abahluphekayo bobabini "Ukuphazamiseka okunyanzelekileyo" KUNYE "nokuphazamiseka kokuziphatha ngokwesondo" kunokwenzeka ukuba babe nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. kodwa kunjalo hayi kunokwenzeka ukuba eyongezelelweyo ukuziphatha kakubi okanye izidakamizwa. Oku, kwakhona, kubonisa ukuba i-OCD kunye nezilingo zintlupheko zengqondo ezahlukeneyo (njengezixhobo zokuxilonga zezokwelapha, ezifana ne-DSM kunye ne-ICD, ngokwenene iyavuma). Ukususela kwisifundo:

Saphinda safumanisa ukuba amaninzi amaninzi e-OCD izigulane nge-CSBD kunezo ngaphandle kwe-CSBD.

Akukho ndawo apho iphepha lichaza ukuba i-CSBD ifanele hayi ukucingwa njengendlela yokuziphatha umlutha. Ngokuphambene noko, iphepha libonisa ukuba i-CSBD no kwenzeka ixiliswe njengomlutha, kuba umlutha ngokwawo uphathwa ngendlela kokubili isifo esisinyanzelo kunye nesishukumisayo. Jonga eli phepha ngeengcali zangempela: Ukuhlaziya indima yobudlova kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwiingxaki zokuThatshazwa ngokwesondo, (2018). Ngamanye amagama, "ukuphazamiseka okungxamisekileyo" (njenge-CSBD) kunjalo hayi "Ukuphazamiseka okungafunekiyo" (OCD). Musa ukudideka!

UCarvalho, J., Štulhofer, A., Vieira, AL, kunye noJurin, T. (2015). Ubundlobongela kunye nomnqweno ophezulu wesondo: Ukuhlola isakhiwo seengxaki zesini. Iphepha lezonyango zesini, i-12 (6), i-1356-1367. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Ilungu loMbutho Alexander Štulhofer. Njengoko isishwankathelo seDeniers sathi, "Isifundo sethu sisekela ukuhlukana koxhatshazo ngokwesini kunye nomnqweno ophezulu wesondo.”Isicatshulwa:

Ngokubanzi, iziphumo ezifunyenweyo zikwazisa ingxoxo malunga nokuxhatshazwa koxhatshazo ngeendlela ezininzi. Okokuqala, umnqweno ophezulu wesondo kunye nokuziphatha rhoqo ngesondo akuzange kuqhubeke kakhulu nemiphumo emibi ephathelene nesondo. The Iziphumo zixhasa ukuhlukana phakathi komnqweno ophezulu wesondo kunye nokuziphatha okubi ngokwesini.

Ngamanye amagama, i Štulhofer u kufunda, kunye nezi zifundo ze-25, idibanisa inqaku elithetha ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba isondo kunye neentlanzi zoononondazi "zinekhanuko ephezulu yesondo."

Nyanga, JW, Krems, JA, Cohen, AB, kunye noKenrick, DT (2019). Ayikho into Engcwele? Inkolo, isondo, kunye neendlela zokuzala. Izikhokelo zangoku kwiSayensi zeNzululwazi. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721419838242  Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Ukucaphula okuthe kratya njengoko eli phepha lingenanto yakwenza nokusetyenziswa kwe-porn okanye "iimodeli zokuxhatshazwa ngokwesini".

Ubusika, J., Christoff, K., kunye neGorzalka, BB (2010). Ulwabelana ngesondo kunye nesiphakamiso esiphakamileyo sezesondo: Ukwakhiwa okwehlukileyo? I-Archives of Sexual behavior, 39 (5), 1029-1043. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Ilungu loMbutho Jason Winters. Ngokungafaniyo nesifundo esandulelayo sika-Štulhofer, le yabika ukuba "Amadoda nabasetyhini abavakalisa ukuba baye bafuna unyango olwenziwe kakhulu kwiimilinganiselo zokuziphatha ngokwesini kunye nesifiso sesini.”Njengoko isifundo se-Štulhofer sichazile, isifundo sase-Winters sasineempazamo njengoko sasisebenzisa iScale Compulsivity Scale (SCS)

Oku kukwahluke ngokucacileyo isigqibo sikaWinter et al. Malunga nokugqithana okukhulu phakathi kwesifiso sobulili obuphezulu kunye nobulili obudityanisiweyo [5]. Enye inkcazo enokuthi iziphumo ezichaseneyo ziyimilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo esetyenziselwa ukubonisa ukuxhatshazwa koxhatshazo kwezo zifundo ezimbini. Ngokomzekelo, kwisifundo samanje, imiphumo emibi ephathelene nokuziphatha ngokwesini ihlolwe ngokusebenzisa uluhlu olupheleleyo. Ngaphezu koko, iWinters et al. wasebenzisa ukuChotyiswa koBuncwane (36], ephakanyisiwe ukuba ihluke ngokuthe ngqo phakathi kokunyanzeliswa ngokwesini kunye nokuvuleka kwamava esondo kunye nokuvavanya [4,37].

Ukongeza, ukunyanzeliswa koTyala lokuSigxina ngokoTyala akusivivinywa ngokuvakalayo ukunyanzeliswa kwezilonda zocwangco okanye kubafazi. Yadalwa kwi-1995 kwaye yenzelwe isondo esingalawulwayo ubudlelwane engqondweni (ngokunxulumene nophando lwe-AIDS). I I-SCS ithi:

"Isilinganisi esifanelekileyo [siboniswe?] Ukuqikelela ukulinganiswa kweendlela zokuziphatha ngokwesini, iinani leziqabane zesini, ukuziphatha kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zesondo, kunye neembali zezifo ezithathelwana ngesondo."

Ngaphezu koko, umqhubi we-SCS uxwayisa ukuba esi sixhobo asiyi kubonakalisa i-psychopathology kubafazi,

"Imibutho phakathi kwamanqaku okunyanzeliswa ngokwesini kunye namanye amanqaku e-psychopathology ibonise iipatheni ezahlukeneyo zamadoda nabasetyhini; ukunyanzeliswa ngokwesini kuhlanganiswe neendleko ze-psychopathology kumadoda kodwa kungekhona kubasetyhini. "

Ngaphandle kwe nyaniso yokuba Izifundo ezinye ze-25 ziphikisana nesibango sokuba isondo kunye noxilongo lwe-porn "sinomnqweno ophezulu wesondo," Kubalulekile ukujongana nebango elingakholelekiyo lokuba "umnqweno ophezulu wesini" uhambelana ngokukodwa kunye neziyobisi ezingamanyala. Ukungabinangqondo kwayo kuyacaca ukuba umntu uthathela ingqalelo ii-hypotheticals esekwe kwezinye iziyobisi. (Ngakumbi jonga- Umnqweno ophezulu, okanye 'nje' umlutha? Impendulo kuSteele et al., nguDonald L. Hilton, Jr., MD.)

Ngokomzekelo, ingaba loo nto ithetha ukuba ukugqithisa ngokugqithisileyo, ukukwazi ukulawula ukutya kunye nokungahlali ujabule ngako, kungumntu "umnqweno ophezulu wokutya?" Ukuphucula ngokubanzi, kufuneka umntu aphephe ukuba abadakwala banomdla omkhulu wokusela utywala, kunene? Ngamafutshane, zonke izilonda "zinomnqweno ophezulu" okanye iimfuno zabo eziluthayo kunye nemisebenzi (eyaziwa nangokuthi "ukukhuthaza"), nangona xa ukuzonwabisa kwabo kule mi sebenzi iyancipha ngenxa yokunyamezela okanye ukuhlala.

Umlutha wobugqwetha ngokwawo uvelisa nzima ukungahoyi iminqweno edla ngokubonisa "njengezinga eliphezulu leengcinga zesini, iimvakalelo kunye neemfuno." Umzekelo, imikhondo, enjengokuvula ikhompyuter, ukubona i-pop-up, okanye ukuba wedwa, kubangela umnqweno ongamandla we-porn. Abanye bachaza iimpendulo zoononophala ezikhuthazayo ngokuthi "ukungena kwitonela ephumayo kuphela: i-pornography." Kukho ngoku Izifundo ze-27 zokunika ingxelo ngovakalelo (i-cue-reactivity, iminqweno yokusebenzisa) kubasebenzisi be-porn / kwizilonda zesini: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27.

Kucinga nje ukuthanda ukubonisa ukuba "isifiso esinqununu sesondo" sichitha ubukho bemilutha. Kuphela umntu onokuqeqeshwa ngokwaneleyo ekugqithiseni ukukhawulela esi sigqibo.

Oeming, M. (2018). Ingxaki entsha yokuxilongwa ngenxa yokwesaba okudala? Ukuhlakulela i-pornography kwiintetho ze-US zangoku. Izifundo zoThutho, i-5 (2), i-213-216. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Ngelungu loMbutho, kunye nomfundi we-grad, uMadita Oeming. Ucaphulo olungakumbi lokwehla kwamandla emali. Ayisiyo isifundo kwaye ayiniki ngqondo kwi "modeli zesini," eli candelo lithunyelwe kulo. Ngokwenyani, yenye yeembono eziqhutywa zii-ajenda eziqhutywa kakubi I-Journal Studies Journal, e Inqaku leVICE likaMadita Oeming ukugxeka inkolo kunye namajelo osasazo ngeziyobisi ezingamanyala avuma ukuba angazi nto malunga nokuba likhoboka, okanye i-neuroscience, okanye izifundo ze-neurological zabasebenzisi be-porn, okanye izifundo zengqondo kwi-porn, njl.

Andiyiyo i-neurobiologist okanye i-psychologist yokuziphatha, ngoko andinalo ubuchule ekugwebeni ukuba ngaba uonografi ngokwenene ungumlutha womzimba. Kodwa kuqala, kuya kuxoxwa phakathi kwabo banobu buchule. Nangona i-WHO ngoku igqibe ekubeni "inyanzelise indlela yokuziphatha ngokwesondo", kubandakanya "nokusebenzisa kakhulu iphonografi" , ukusuka kwi-2022 ukuya ku zibandakanya kwikhathalogu yabo yokufumanisa isifo. Kwaye okwesibini, ndijongana nento eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo. Njengososayensi wezenkcubeko, njl, njl, utoliko lwesihobe, ndiyayiqonda imifanekiso engamanyala njengenqaku.

Umfundi wombongo?

Isishwankathelo soManyano alunantlonelo, kwaye kuvakala ngokungathi ibhalwe yiMindGeek:

Ngaphandle kweenkcukacha eziphathekayo zonqulo, ezinokongamela kunye nokuchasene nokuzikhukhumeza, iimveliso zonyango ezikhuselekileyo zenziwe njengamandla kunye nokuxhamla intetho yokuxhatshazwa koonwabo. [Ububungqina?] Bonke benza i-lobby enamandla kulo lonke ilizwe elingenakunqikaza ukusebenzisa nayiphi na indlela efunekayo ukuthulisa uphando olungaphikisanayo (Prause neFong 2015, 439).

Thetha malunga nokujikeleza. I-Oeming ibhekisa kumaqela asasazekileyo anyanga ngokwesini 'njengoomatshini abanyanzelekileyo kunyango,' ngelixa betyeshela yonke into, ishishini elinamanyala elinemali ezibhiliyoni, elichasayo malunga nemiphumela ebangelwa bubungqina obujongwe ngoontanga. U-Oeming ke ucaphula uPrause, esithi le "lobby enamandla" isebenzisa naziphi na iindlela eziyimfuneko ukuze kupheliswe uphando olunokubakho oluphikisanayo.

Ngokwenyani, nguPrause oqeshe "naziphi na iindlela eziyimfuneko" zokuhlukumeza nokunyelisa nabani na ocebisa ukuba iphonografi inokubangela iingxaki. NguPrause osebenze emva kweziqendu ukuzama (ngokungekho sikweni) ukuba uphando luvaliwe, izithethi zirhoxisiwe, kunye nezifundo ezinqatshelwe ukupapashwa kunye / okanye ukurhoxiswa. Uninzi lweendlela zikaPrause zokuziphatha gwenxa kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zokuziphatha ngokungekho mthethweni zibhaliwe kula maphepha alandelayo:

Nangona kunjalo, iziganeko ezongezelelweyo zenzeke ukuba asikho inkululeko yokuchaza

Iphuzu elibalulekileyo: Nangona i-Prause iqhubeka ifuna ukuthetha ngamanga ukuba "yixhoba," nguPrause oqalise konke ukuhlukunyezwa kubantu kunye nemibutho ebhalwe kula maphepha angentla. Akukho namnye kula maphepha ahlukumeze uNicole Prause. Amanqaku akhe athembekileyo malunga nexhoba "lokutshatyalaliswa" okanye i-misogyny "ngabachasayo bezononophelo" abangenayo i-iota enye yamaxwebhu anenjongo.

Ubungqina bokuba u-Prause unikezela ngokuzenzekelayo: enye inkcazo-imifanekiso, i-imeyile ezimbalwa kuye evela kwabanye ichaza ukuhlukumeza, kunye neentlanu ezinokungahambi kakuhle kwaye zishiye iileta ezineengxelo ezingamanga. Uza kubona ubungqina benani lezikhalazo ezinobungozi ezisemthethweni I-Prause ifake i-arhente ezilawulayo ezahlukahlukeneyo-eziye zagxothwa ngokutsha okanye zaphandwa kwaye zaxothwa. Ubonakala efakela izikhalazo ezixhamlayo ukuze aqhubeke ukubiza iithagethi zakhe zonke "phantsi kophando."

I-Prause ayinikeli imizekelo enenjongo yokujoliswa kwe-cyber-stalking ingaba nge-tweet, Facebook, okanye idibanisa namaphepha kwi-YBOP. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Prause ye-Twitter yondla yodwa enye iqulethwe amakhulu namakhulu yee-tweets ezingabonakaliyo nezingalunganga ezijolise kuWilson kunye nabanye abaninzi (Umdumo usususwe kwiTweets ze-3,000). Ngokucacileyo, u-Prause uye wadala i-mythology ngobungqina obuqinisekisiweyo, ngeli xesha ngokukhawuleza ukuvumelanisa nenkampani yezobisi.

Udumo, N., Steele, VR, Staley, C., Sabatinelli, D., & Hajcak, G. (2016). I-Prause et al. (2015) i-falsification yakutshanje yokubikezela izilwanyana. I-Psychology, 120, 159-161. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Ilungu leSivumelwano sikaNicole Prause. Ukucaphula okuthe kratya njengoko kungesosifundo, Endaweni yoko, le ngcaciso imfutshane yenza ngathi ikhusela isifundo sikaPrause esigxeke kakhulu isifundo se-EEG se-2015 (esixoxwe kwenye indawo). Ayisiyo kwaye isilele ukulungisa ngokufanelekileyo nantoni na kwezi 9 amaphepha aqwalaselwe ngoontanga: Iingcaphephe ezihlaziyiweyo zontanga Prause et al., 2015 Njengoko kuchaziwe ngasentla, Prause et al., 2015, ayisiyiyo le nto ibonakala ngathi iyiyo. Nangona uPrause ngesibindi wathi ungowabo, uvavanyo lwe-EEG oluphosakeleyo luye lwaxubha umlutha wezobisi, Amaphepha asibhozo ahlaziywe ngontanga awavumelani. Onke amaphepha e-9 ayakuvuma oko Prause et al., 2015 ngokoqobo fumene ukungafuneki okanye ukuhlala kubasebenzisi abangaphantsi koononophelo (iimeko ezihambelana nomlutha).

Udumo lukhankanye uninzi lwezifundo ezifanayo kwileta yakhe ayinqumleyo wayincamathisela kweli "phepha" liphepha ligxekwayo apha. Onke amabango kaPrause kunye nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwamaphepha athathwe ngamacheri (ngelixa engawanikeli amakhulu aphikisana namabango akhe), zagqitywa apha: I-Critique ye: Ileta kumhleli "Prause et al. (2015) ukutshatyalaliswa kwangoku kwexesha lokubikezela izilwanyana "(2016), nguNicole Prause, uVaughn R. Steele, uCameron Staley, uDean Sabatinelli, uGreg Hajcake.

Udumo, N., Janssen, E., Georgiadis, J., Finn, P., & Pfaus, J. (2017). Iinkcukacha azixhaseli ngesondo njengomlutha. I-Lancet Psychiatry, i-4 (12), i-899. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Ilungu loMbuthoU-Nicole Prause, uPeter Finn, u-Erick Jansen kunye noJanniko Georgiadis. Akukho sifundo. Le leta ebhaliweyo yoLondolozo Lancet, esayinwe ngabadibanisine abane (u-Erick Janssen, uJanni Georgiadis, uPeter Finn noYames Pfaus), wayephendule enye incwadi emfutshane: Ngaba ukuziphatha ngokwezesondo ngokugqithiseleyo kuyinkinga yomlutha? (IPotenza et. al., 2017), ebhaliweyo ngeengcali zomlingo uMarc Potenza, uMateusz Gola, uValerie Voon, uAriel Kor noShane Kraus.

Nanku umdumiso uthinta enye yeencwadana zakhe ezisikratshi kwi-editor ngokuthi "debunking" ubukho bobulili kunye noxilongo lwe-porn (eyaziwa ngokuba yi-"Compulsive behavior behavior disorder" kwixesha elizayo ICD-11). Nangona kunjalo. Oku Igama le-240 yeengcamango (Prause et al., 2017) ucacisa izifundo zentsholongwane ukuxhasa izibango zalo, ukubonelela kuphela isigwebo esisodwa, esicatshulwa ngokulula nje ngokuba "ubungqina" bodwa "

Nangona kunjalo, izifundo zophando azixhaseli izinto eziphambili zokuxhatshazwa ezifana nokunyuka kokusetyenziswa, ubunzima bokulawula izibongozo, iziphumo ezimbi, ukulahlekelwa ngumvuzo, ukunyamezela, okanye ukuphuculwa kwexesha elifanelekileyo.

Olu calulo olubanzi, Uhlalutyo lwe "Idatha ayixhaseli ngokwesondo njengomlutha" (Prause et al., 2017), idibanisa ibango elincinci elifakwe kwiNobumba yoMdumo. Ikwasekwa inkxaso enzulu yolawulo lwezinto eziphambili zokulutha, okuyiyo Prause et al. Utsho ngokungekho ngobuxoki uphando olukhoyo. Njengoko uza kubona, ukunyuka kokusetyenziswa, ubunzima bokulawula izibongozo, iimiphumo ezimbi, umonakalo wokulahlekelwa kwesifo, i-withdrawal syndrome, kunye nokunyamezela / ukuhlala kuzo zonke zifunyenwe kwizifundo ezininzi zabasebenzisi bezesono / izifundo ze-CSB. Ukongezelela koko, izinto ezinamkelekileyo zeengxaki ze-addiction, ezifana nokukhathazeka, (i-cue-reactivity / cravings), ukuthanda okungafunekiyo, i-cortex engasebenziyo, kunye nokunyanzeliswa kokunyanzeliswa kokuxininisa konke kuye kwaxelwa kukho ezininzi Izifundo ze-42 ze-neuroscience.

Ngokuqinisekileyo, abathathu be-Prause abane abane-co-signers Lancet Wabaleka namagama abo ngaphambili kwe2016 Salt Lake Tribune I-Op-Ed ihlasela iMfazwe entsha kunye nesimo sayo kwi-intanethi. Oko Salt Lake Tribune Igama le-600 Igama lo-Op-Ed lalingqamene neziqinisekiso ezingaxhaswanga ezibalwe ukulahlekisa uluntu. Kwaye ababhali balo, Abadumi kunye nabahlobo, bahlulekile ukuxhasa ibango elilodwa abenzileyo. I-Op-Ed icacise kuphela amaphepha e-4 - akukho nanye into eyayinayo nayiphi na into yokulutha kwezilwanyana ezingcolileyo, iimiphumo zoononophelo kwizidlelwane, okanye iingxaki zesini ezibangelwa ziisini. Iingcali eziliqela zaphendula ngolu hlobo lwe-Prause Op-Ed: I-Op-Ed: Ngubani na ophikisa i-science kwiimifanekiso engamanyala? (2016). Ngokungafaniyo ne "neuroscientists" ye-Op-Ed yokuqala, ababhali bempendulo bacaphule izifundo eziliqela kunye nokuhlaziywa ezininzi kweencwadi baxhasa zabo ingxelo.

Ukuphendulela kwiNdumiso Lancet umgudu, sifanele sikhankanye ukuba ayikho enye yeyintlanu Prause et al., Abathunywa be-2017 bakhicilele isifundo esibandakanya uqinisekisile "uononophala okanye umlingo wesondo."Ngaphezu koko, abanye basayine iPrause Lancet ileta Iimbali zokukhanyela ngokutsha kunye nokuhlasela umxholo wezilwanyana ezingamanyala kunye noxhatshazo ngokwesini (ngaloo ndlela kubonisa ubuhlanga obukhulu). Ngokwahlukileyo, ngasinye sihlanu Potenza et al. Ababhali be-2017 ababhali (abhale ileta yokuqala kulo mbandela Lancet) uye wapapasha izifundo ezininzi ezibandakanya izifundo ngokunyanzeliswa kwezifo zokuziphatha ngokwesini (kubandakanywa nezifundo zobuchopho bezakhono zobungqina bezononono kunye nabaxhatshazwa ngokwesondo).

IWalton, MT, kunye neBhullar, N. (2018). Ukuziphatha ngokunyanzelekileyo ngokwesondo njengengxaki yokulawula umgudu: ulindele iindidi zophando zesifundo. Imiqulu yokuziphatha ngokwesini, i-1-5. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Hayi isifundo. Ingcaciso ngamagqirha amabini ezesini (ingezizo ne-neuroscientists) abasoloko bebhala amaphepha kunye nelungu lomanyano uJames Cantor. Ukucaphula okungaphezulu kwamaxabiso kunye nokukhethwa kwetsheri. Olu hlomelo-lwephepha le-3 lukhankanya amaphepha angama-25 kuphela: ezisibhozo ezabo kunye nezinye ezintlanu ngamalungu oMbutho. Amagqabantshintshi asilele ukukhankanya nayiphi na Izifundo ze-43 ze-neuroscience epapashwe kwizifundo ze-CSB okanye abasebenzisi be-porn. Endaweni yokucaphula uluvo lukaWalton “kumjikelo wokuziphatha ngokwesondo” kwakutheni ukuze abaDeniers bangaziniki ezi ngcaciso zinoxanduva, ezipapashwe kuhlelo olunye lwelo phephancwadi?

Ewe, abahambelani ne-ajenda yeeDeniers.

Ley, DJ (2018). Inzululwazi kwimithetho yentlekele yempilo yoluntu. Izifundo zoThutho, i-5 (2), i-208-212. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

uhlalutyo: Ilungu loMbutho UDavid Ley. Akukho sifundo. Ubuncwane, ingacacanga, i-pro-porn propaganda iqhosha elifunda njengeLey's Psychology Namhlanje izithuba zeblogi. I-YBOP yaziva ingenasidingo sokujongana nokusasazeka kukaLey kwimisonto yokuqonda epapashwe kwindawo ethandabuzekayo I-Journal Studies Journal. Ukuze i-debunking epheleleyo yeengongoma zonke zokuthetha, i-YBOP icetyisa eli nqaku - Ukuphazamisa impendulo kaDavid Ley kuFilipu uZimbardo: "Simele sithembele kwisayensi yolungileyo kwimpikiswano yezobugcisa"(Matshi, 2016), okanye ukugqitywa okubanzi kweqonga likaLey elibi kakhulu - Critique "Umlawuli akanalo iingubo: Ukuhlaziywa kohlobo lwe- 'Pornography Addiction' Model”(2014), uDavid Ley, uNicole Prause kunye noPeter Finn. Uninzi lokunyuka kwamaxabiso.

Phawula: Ley et al., I-2014 yashicilelwe ngxelo IiNgxelo zezeMpilo zoLuntu, "Kwicandelo labo leempikiswano." Umhleli weCandelo leNgxabano, kwaye ke iphepha likaLey, wayelilungu elinye lomanyano uCharles Moser. UMoser emva koko wadibana kunye noLey kunye noPrause ukuya kuthi "debunk" iziyobisi ezingamanyala e Inkomfa kaFebhuwari 2015 yoMbutho waMazwe ngaMazwe woFundo lwezeMpilo yabaseTyhini: Ley, Prause, Moser emva koko Iingxelo zezeMpilo zoLuntu Umhleli oyintloko uPerelman wabonisa i-symposium yeeyure ze-2: "Ukuxhatshazwa koTywala, ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo, okanye enye i-OCD? ” Aba baDeniers basebenze njengeqela, nge-ajenda, iminyaka.

Udumo, N., Steele, VR, Staley, C., Sabatinelli, D., & Hajcak, G. (2015). Ukumodareyithwa kwezinto ezinokuthi zenzeke ngokukhawuleza ngeemifanekiso zesondo kubasebenzisi beengxaki kunye nokulawula okuhambelaniyo "nokuluthwa koonwabo". I-Psychology, 109, 192-199. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

uhlalutyo: Ilungu loMbutho UNicole Prause. Njengoko kuchazwe ngentla, Prause et al., 2015, ayisiyiyo le nto ibonakala ngathi ayikho, kwaye ayisiyonyani. Nangona uPrause ngesibindi wathi ungowabo, uvavanyo lwe-EEG oluphosakeleyo luye lwaxubha umlutha wezobisi, Amaphepha e-8 ahlaziywe ngoontanga akavumelani. Zonke iimviwo ezisibhozo ziyavuma ukuba Prause et al., I-2015 inokuthi ifumanise ukuzithoba okanye ukuhlala kwindawo yabasebenzisi be-porn rhoqo (into ehambelana nesiyobisi)Iingcaphephe ezihlaziyiweyo zontanga Prause et al., 2015

Iziphumo: Ukuthelekiswa nokulawula "abantu abajongene neengxaki ezilawula ukujonga kwabo ngoonobumba" babe neempendulo ezingaphantsi kweengqondo kwisithuba esinye sesibini kwizithombe ze-porno ye-vanilla. I umbhali okhokelayo zibango ezi ziphumo "ukutshatyalaliswa kwezilwanyana ezingcolileyo." Intoni usosayensi osemthethweni bangaba bathi ukufundwa kwabo okungahambisani nokuhlambulukileyo kuye kwasusa a kwintsimi efunyenweyo yokufunda?

Enyanisweni, iziphumo ze Prause et al. I2015 ihambelanise ngokupheleleyo Kühn & Gallinat (2014), ofumanisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa koonobumba obuninzi kunxulumene nokusebenza kwengqondo engaphantsi ekuphenduleni imifanekiso ye-porno ye-vanilla. Prause et al. iziphumo zihambelana nazo Banca et al. 2015 okuyi-#13 kuloluhlu. Ngaphezu koko, esinye isifundo seEEG ifumanise ukuba ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwe-porn kwabasetyhini kunxulumene nokusebenza kwengqondo okuncinci kwi-porn. Ukufundwa kwe-EEG esezantsi kuthetha ukuba izifundo azihoyi kangako imifanekiso. Ngokucacileyo, abasebenzisi bezononophelo abaqhelekileyo babengenasidingo kwimifanekiso eqingqiweyo ye-vanilla porn. Babekruqukile (behlala okanye bengenasiphelo). Bona oku iYBOP ebanzi.

I-Prause yamemezela ukuba ukufunda kwakhe kwe-EEG kuhlolwe "i-cue-reactivity" (ku khuthazwa), endaweni yokuhlala. Nangona ukuba iPrause yayilungile, uyayigcina ngokukhawuleza imingxuma ekungqineni kwayo: "Ukuba Prause et al. 2015 befumene ubuncinci-ukusetyenziselwa abantu abasebenzisa i-porno rhoqo, ii-24 ezinye izifundo ze-neurological zivakalise ukukhwabanisa okanye ukuthanda (ukuqonda) kubasebenzisi abangabonwayo boononophelo: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27.

INzululwazi ayifuni kunye nokufunda okungathandabuzekiyo okuphethwe yindlela engathandekiyo yokuziphatha; inzululwazi iyahamba kunye nokugqithiswa kobungqina (ngaphandle kokuba wena ziqhutywa nge-ajenda).

Mhlawumbi uyazibuza ukuba kutheni isifundo sokuqala kunye nesona sidumileyo se-EEG singafakwanga kuluhlu lwezifundo zoMbutho: Isifiso socansi, kungekhona ukuxhatshazwa kwezesini, kuxhomekeke kwiimpendulo ze-neurophysiological ezifunyenwe yiZithombe zoSondo (Steele et al., 2013). Emva kwakho konke, kwakunjalo kumaphephandaba njengobungqina obuchasene nobukho bobulili / ubundlobongela ngesondo. Ngaphezu koko, uDavid Ley kwaye ufundela isithethi uNicole Prause wabamba iqela ukuba abhale Psychology Namhlanje iposi ngeposi Steele et al., 2013 ebizwa ngokuba "Ubuchopho Bakho kwi-Porn - AYIKHULI". (Kwaphinde kwajolisa uGary Wilson kunye newebhusayithi yakhe).

Nasi isizathu: Steele et al. zichazwe iziphumo ezichasene ngqo Prause et al., Iziphumo ze-2015. Okanye uya kucinga ukuba xa uthelekisa iziganeko zezifundo ezimbini ze-EEG. Kwinyani, Steele et al. - njenge Prause et al. - Inika inkxaso ekukholeni kokugqithiswa koononophelo kunye nokusetyenziswa koononophelo phantsi kokulawulwa komnqweno wesini. Kanjani? Steele et al. ingxelo ephezulu yeEEG (ezinxulumene nemifanekiso engathathi hlangothi) xa izifundo zichazwe ngokufutshane kwiifoto zoononografi. Izifundo zibonisa rhoqo ukuba i-P300 ephakamileyo ivela xa izilingo zichazwe kwiinkalo (ezifana nemifanekiso) ezihlobene nokulutha kwabo. Ukumangalisa, ukhulumela uPrause wathi abasebenzisi bezentombazana babenomdla ophezulu, "kodwa iziphumo zolu cwaningo zithi ngokuchasene ngqo (isifundo somxholo wesini esahlukileyo sasiyehla ngokubhekiselele ekusebenziseni kwabo ubulili).

Hlanganisa ezi zibini Steele et al. Iziphumo zibonisa ubungakanani bengqondo enkulu kwimifanekiso (imifanekiso engamanyala), kodwa kuncinci ekusebenzeni kwakhona kwimivuzo yendalo (isondo nomntu). Oko kukwenza uvakalelo kunye nokungafuneki, ezo ziimpawu ezibonakalayo zokulutha. Amaphepha asixhenxe aqwalaselwe ngoontanga acacisa inyani: Iingcaphephe ezihlaziyiweyo zontanga Steele et al., 2013

Ngaphandle kwamanqaku amaninzi angasetyenziswa kumaphephandaba, kuphazamisa ukuba uphando lwe-2013 lwe-EGG lweProuse lwaludlulisela ukuhlaziywa kontanga, njengoko lathinteka kwiindlela eziphambili zendlela: i-1) izifundo i-heterogeneous (abesilisa, amabhinqa, abangenabo abathathu); Izifundo ze-2) ingakhange ihlolwe ingxaki yengqondo okanye izilingo; 3) akukho liqela lolawulo lokuthelekisa; Imibuzo yee-4) ayivumelekanga ukusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana okanye utywala. Steele e al. iphosakeleyo kakhulu kwaye i-4 kuphela yee-21 zokuphononongwa kweencwadi kunye neengxelo zeengxelo ukukhathazeka ukuthetha ngawo: ezimbini ziyigxeka njengento yesayensi engavumelekanga, ngelixa iibini zikhankanya njenge-cact-reactivity kunye nomnqweno ongaphantsi wesini kunye nomlingane (imiqondiso yokulutha).

Kubalulekile ukwazi oko Prause et al., 2015 AND Steele et al., 2013 wayenayo zifundo ezifanayo. Kutheni sifundo sesibini kweli qela? Ngenxa yokuba Steele et al. babengenalo iqela lolawulo lokuthelekisa! Ngoko Prause et al., 2015 uthelekisa izifundo ze-2013 Steele et al., 2013 kwiqela elilawulayo langona (nangona le nkqubela yekhosi iqhutywe ngeendlela ezifanayo ezichazwe ngasentla). Iziphumo: Ukuthelekiswa nokulawula, "abantu abajongene neengxaki ezilawula ukujonga kwabo ngoonobumba" babe neempendulo ezingaphantsi kweengqondo kwisithuba esinye sesibini kwizithombe ze-porno ye-vanilla. Iziphumo ze-ACTUAL zezifundo ezimbini ze-EEG:

  1. Steele et al., 2013: Abantu abanomdla ophezulu-ukusetyenziselwa i-pornography Ngaphantsi umnqweno wesondo kunye nomlingane, kodwa kungekhona umnqweno omncinci.
  2. Prause et al., 2015: "Abasebenzisi abasebenzisa iziyobisi." Ngaphantsi usebenze ngengqondo kwiimifanekiso ezibonakalayo ze-vanilla porn. Ukufunda okungaphantsi kwe-EEG kuthetha ukuba izifundo "zezilwanyana ezingamanyala" zihlawula ingqalelo kwiimifanekiso.

Nalu uphononongo ngoogqirha bamayeza ezesondo kwilebhu ekhokelayo yaseSpain egxeka izifundo zePrause's 2 EEG: Steele et al, 2013 kunye Prause et al., 2015: Ukuxhatshazwa koTywala kwi-intanethi: Yintoni esiyayaziyo kunye nento esiyiyiyo-Ukuhlaziywa koMsebenzi (2019). (Qaphela: citation 105 Steele, citation 107 Umthandazo.)

Ubu bungqina bale misebenzi ye-neural yokumisela umnqweno ikakhulukazi kwi-correx ye-prefrontal [101] kunye ne-amygdala [102,103], kuba ubungqina bokukhuthaza. Ukusebenza kule mimandla yengqondo kukukhumbuza umvuzo wemali [104] kwaye inokuthi ithwale impembelelo efanayo. Ngaphezu koko, kukho ukufundwa kwe-EEG ephakamileyo kulaba basebenzisi, kunye nesifiso esinciphile ngesondo kunye nomlingane, kodwa kungekhona ukuphosa isithombeni soonografi [105], into ebonakalayo kumgangatho ophezulu wokwakhiwa komgangatho [8]. Oku kungathathwa njengophawu lokungafuneki.

Nangona kunjalo, uphononongo lukaSteele luqulathe iimpazamo ezininzi zendlela ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe (ngokungafaniyo kwisifundo, ukungabikho kovavanyo lokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okanye iziyobisi, ukungabikho kweqela elilawulayo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemibuzo engagunyaziswanga ekusebenziseni iphonografi] [106]. Uphando lwe Prause [107], ngeli xesha kunye neqela elilawulayo, luchaza ezi ziphumo. Inxaxheba yecuac reactivity kunye nesifiso ekuphuhlisweni kwezilwanyana ezinobungozi be-inthanethi ziye zaxhaswa kumfazi wesibini [108] kunye namasampula esithandana [109].

Icandelo loLutsha

Umxholo / uqoboNjengamaxesha onke, iDenier's Alliance (RealYBOP) ibonelela ngezifundo ezimbalwa okanye izinto ezizalisa ukukhohlisa intatheli kunye noluntu ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-porn akunabungozi kulutsha. Njengakwamanye amacandelo, i-Alliance ayiniki uphononongo loncwadi okanye uhlalutyo lweemeta. Kutheni le nto uMdibaniso ushiye olu phononongo loncwadi lwe-14 kwimifanekiso engamanyala kunye "nolutsha" (abakwishumi elivisayo): uhlaziyo # # 1, hlaziya2, uhlaziyo # # 3, uhlaziyo # # 4, uhlaziyo # # 5, uhlaziyo # # 6, uhlaziyo # # 7, uhlaziyo # # 8, uhlaziyo # # 9, uhlaziyo # # 10, uhlaziyo # # 11, uhlaziyo # # 12, uhlaziyo # # 13, uhlaziyo # # 14, uhlaziyo # # 15, uphononongo # 16.

Kutheni i-Alliance ikhona uyishiye zonke izifundo ze-280 kule uluhlu olubanzi amaphepha aphononongwa ngoontanga avavanya ifuthe le-porn kwabakwishumi elivisayo? Impendulo icacile: uphononongo, njengoninzi lwezifundo ezizodwa, ziyasilela ukungqinelana ne-ajenda ye-pro-porn ye-Alliance. Apha sibonisa uphononongo uMdibaniso oshiye kunye neenkcazo ezifanelekileyo:

Impembelelo ye-Intanethi ye-Intanethi kwiNtsapho kunye neNtsapho: Ukuphononongwa koPhando (2006) - Amacatshulwa:

Ukuphonononga iimpembelelo ze-intanethi ye-intanethi ye-intanethi, nangona kunjalo, yintsimi engatshatyalaliswayo kwaye umzimba wocwaningo olugxininiswe ngokukodwa luphelelweyo. Ukuphononongwa kophando olukhoyo luqhutywe kwaye ezininzi iindlela ezimbi zityhilwa. Nangona kuninzi okungaziwa malunga neempembelelo zoononografi kwi-intanethi kwimitshato kunye neentsapho, iinkcukacha ezikhoyo zibonelela ngolu hlobo lokuqala lwabenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo, ootitshala, oogqirha kunye nabaphandi.

Impembelelo ngqo kwiBantwana nakwi-Adolescents Isiphumo esilandelayo sithathwa njengezona mpe mbelelo kubantwana nakwishumi elivisayo abasebenzisa okanye bahlangabezane noonografi ngokwabo:

1. Nangona ukungekho mthethweni, ulutsha lunokufikelela lula kwizinto eziphathekayo zoononografi kwaye oku kunokubangela ukuphazamiseka, ukuphazamisa, ukuxhaphaza, kunye / okanye umlutha.

2. Ulutsha luhlala luceliwe, lukhohlisiwe, lukhohlisiwe, okanye "imouse igxinwe" ekubukeni kwimiyalezo ecacileyo ngokwesini.

3. Uphando lubonisa ukuba ukugqithiswa kweentlophu zoonografi kunokubangela ukuba abantu abancinci bagxininise kwaye oko kudla ngokuchazwa ngokusebenzisa imizwa efana nokunyaniseka, ukuthuthumela, ukuhlazeka, umsindo, ukwesaba nokudakumba.

4. Ukusetyenziswa kweefotoliyo ze-intanethi kunye / okanye ukubandakanyeka kwingxoxo yesondo kunokulimaza ukuphuhliswa kwentlalo kunye nolwabelana ngesondo kunye nokunciphisa impumelelo yabo ebuhlotsheni obuzayo.

5. Ukusetyenziswa koonografi ebusheni kuye kwadibaniswa nokuqala kwesondo, kunye nokwanda komntu wokubandakanya ubulili obunqunu kunye nolwabelana ngesondo nabantu abangabathandana nabo.

Iimpembelelo zeMidiya zoLuntu kwiNtshukumo yoLwaphulo loLutsha Ukuvavanya iMangalo yeCausality (2011)

Uphononongo lwempembelelo yeendaba ezisemgangathweni kwizenzo zesondo zabantu abaselula ziye zanciphisa ukuqokelela ngaphandle kobungqina obuninzi bokuqukethwe kwezesondo kwi-media media. Imiphumo yesigidimi sezesondo i-landscape ishintshile kakhulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje, nangona kunjalo, njengoko abaphandi abavela kwiinkalo ezininzi baphendule umnxeba wokujongana nale ndawo ebalulekileyo yokuxhaswa kwezesondo zentlalo. Injongo yale sahluko kukuphonononga i-subset yezifundo eziqokelelweyo kwimiphumo yokuziphatha ngokwesini ukuchonga ukuba ngaba lo mzimba womsebenzi ulungelelanisa isiphephelelo. Timilinganiselo yegama elichazwe nguChephe and Campbell (1979) baqeshwe ukufeza le njongo. Kugqitywa ukuba uphando oludlulileyo ludlula umyinge wobungqina kumlinganiselo ngamnye kwaye ukuba iindaba ezixakekileyo ngokuqinisekileyo zenza impembelelo ebangela ukuziphatha ngokwesini kwi-United States.

Impembelelo ye-intanethi ye-Internet kwi-Adolescents: Ukuphononongwa koPhando (2012) -Ukusuka kwisiphelo:

Ukwandisa ukufikelela kwi-Intanethi ngabaselula baye badala amathuba angakaze afikelele kwimfundo yesondo, ukufunda nokukhula. Ngokwahlukileyo, umngcipheko wengozi obonakalayo kwincwadi iye yabangela abaphandi ukuba baphenye ukutshatyalaliswa kwentombazana engamanyala kwi-intanethi ngokuzama ukuluhluza ukulwa. Ngokuhlangeneyo, ezi zifundo zibonisa ukuba ulutsha oludla uonografi unokuhlakulela iingqiqo kunye neenkolelo zesini. Phakathi kweziphumo, amanqanaba aphezulu okuziphatha okuvumelekileyo ngokwesondo, ukuxhalaba ngokwesondo, kunye nokuvavanywa kwangaphambili kwezesondo kuye kwahambelana nokusetyenziswa rhoqo koonografi ...

Nangona kunjalo, ukufunyanwa okungaguqukiyo kuye kwavela kunxibelelana nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweefografi ezibonisa ubundlobongela ngamanqanaba anyukayo okuziphatha gwenxa ngokwesondo. Uncwadi lubonisa unxibelelwano phakathi kokusebenzisa ulutsha kwiifografi kunye nokuzimela. Amantombazana axela ukuba azive ngathi aphantsi ngokwasemzimbeni kubafazi ababonayo kwimifanekiso engamanyala, ngelixa amakhwenkwe esoyika ukuba angangabi yinyani okanye akwazi ukwenza njengamadoda akumajelo eendaba. Abafikisayo baxela ukuba ukusebenzisa kwabo iphonografi kuyehla njengoko ukuzithemba kwabo kunye nophuhliso lwentlalontle lusanda. Ukongeza, uphando lubonisa ukuba abakwishumi elivisayo abasebenzisa iphonografi, ngakumbi efumaneka kwi-Intanethi, baneedigri ezisezantsi zokudityaniswa kwezentlalo, ukonyuka kweengxaki zokuziphatha, amanqanaba aphezulu okuziphatha kakubi, imeko ephezulu yeempawu zokudakumba, kunye nokwehla kokudibana ngokweemvakalelo nabanonopheli..

Isizukulwana esitsha soTywala (2013) Ngelixa lungajongisisiyo ubuchwephesha, yayilelinye lamaphepha okuqala ukwahlula abancinci abanyanzelekileyo bokubukela ii-porn kwizifundo "ze-CSB" ezikhethekileyo. Isiphelo:

Kucetyiswa ukuba umlutha wesondo unokuchazwa ngeendlela ezimbini ezizodwa. Umlutha "wangoku" ucetyiswa ukuba wahluke kwinto yokuqala kunye nengapheliyo ekuboniseni imifanekiso eqingqiweyo ye-cybersexual ngaphakathi kwenkcubeko enokwabelana ngesondo kakhulu eqhuba ukunyanzelwa ngokwesini, ngelixa umlutha "weklasikhi" uqhutywa kukuhlukumezeka, ukuxhatshazwa, ukungahambelani kakuhle, ukuphazamiseka kolawulo, ukuphazamiseka -ukuqonda okusekwe, kunye nokuphazamiseka kwemood. Ngelixa bobabini banokwabelana ngentetho efanayo (indlela yokuziphatha enyanzelekileyo, ukuphazamiseka kwemood, ukungahambelani kobudlelwane), i-etiology kunye nezinye iinkalo zonyango ziya kuthi zahluke.

I-Classic "yobundlobongela bezesondo, ngelixa lixubusha kakhulu, lifumene ingqwalasela enkulu kulo uphando, kwindawo yoluntu kunye noluntu oluqhelekileyo. Izinyango zokwelapha, ngelixa zingasasazekayo, ziyahluka kwaye ziyafumaneka, kwanokuba umgangatho oqeqeshwayo woqeqesho lwezokwelapha ngoqeqesho lwezesondo uqhutyelwa kuwo wonke amazwe eUnited States, okuvumela abaqeqeshi bempilo yengqondo ukuba bafumane ubungqina obunzulu bokusebenza ngokubhekiselele kumlutha wokuziphatha ngokwesondo.

Ukuziphatha gwenxa ngokwesondo "okwangoku", nangona kunjalo, yinto engachazwanga, ngakumbi ebantwaneni nakwishumi elivisayo. Uphando kunye noncwadi kunqabile kwaye, okunomdla, kuhlala kupapashwa kumazwe angaphandle kwe-United States (He, Li, Guo, & Jiang, 2010; Yen et al., 2007). Uphando ngabafazi abancinci kunye neziyobisi ngokwesondo akukho kwaphela. Unyango olukhethekileyo lwabanyangi abakwishumi elivisayo nabaqeqeshelwe kwisifo sokuziphatha ngokwesondo akuqhelekanga. Ukanti amanani abalulekileyo abantwana, abafikisayo, kunye nabantu abadala abancinci bafuna unyango olulolu hlobo, kwaye indawo yoluntu ilibazisekile ekuphenduleni. Uphando, ingxoxo, kunye nemfundo ziyafuneka ngokungxamisekileyo ukuze kuhlangatyezwane ngokufanelekileyo neemfuno zabona bancinci kubemi bethu abasokolayo kukuziphatha okunyanzelekileyo ngokwesondo.

Ngaba umxholo wezesondo kwiindaba ezitsha zidibene nokuziphatha komngcipheko wesondo kubantu abatsha? Ukuphononongwa ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokuhlaziywa kwemeta (2016) - Ukususela kwizinto ezingabonakaliyo:

iziphumo: Izifundo ezilishumi elinesine, zonke iinqununu ezikwinqanaba lokuyila, zidibanise imigaqo yokufaka. Izifundo ezithandathu (abathathi-nxaxheba be-10 352) bavavanya ukuchazwa kwabantu abatsha kwi-SEW kunye nabasibhozo (abaxhamli be-10 429) bahlola ukuthumela imiyalezo nge-SMS. Kwakukho uguquko oluninzi kwizifundo ekuchazeni nasekuchazeni iziphumo. Uhlalutyo lwe-Meta luboniswe ukuba ukutyhila kwe-SEW kwakuhambelane neentlobano zesini zesondo; Ukuthumelelana nge-sexting kwakunxulumene nokuqala kwesondo, izenzo zesondo zangoku, utywala kunye nezinye izidakamizwa ngaphambi kokulala ngokwesondo, kunye namaqabane amaninzi amva. Uninzi lwezifundo zazinokulungiswa okuncinci kwizinto ezibalulekileyo ezidibanisayo.

izigqibo: Uphando lwecandelo lokwinqanaba libonisa ubudlelwane obuqili phakathi kokuchazwa ngokuzenzekelayo kwingxelo yesondo kwiimidiya ezintsha kunye neendlela zokuziphatha ngokwesini kubantu abancinci. Izifundo zexesha elide ziza kunika ithuba elikhulu lokulungelelanisa ukuphazamiseka, kunye nokuqonda okungcono kwiindlela zokubambisana ezisemgangathweni.

Imidiya kunye nokuSondo: I-State of Research Empirical, 1995-2015 (2016) -Ukuthathwa:

Injongo yale ngongoma yayiwukuba kuhlanganiswe uphando lweempawu zokuhlola uphando lwezesondo zoxhatshazo. Ugxininiso lwaluphando olushicilelwe ekuhlaziyweni koontanga, iincwadi zeelwimi zesiNgesi phakathi kwe-1995 kunye ne-2015. Iimpapasho ze-109 eziqulethwe zifundo ze-135 zahlaziywa. The Iziphumo zanikezela ubungqina obufanayo bokuthi ukuboniswa kwebhubhoratri kunye nokuhlaliswa rhoqo kwimihla ngemihla kuhambelana ngqo nemiphumo eyahlukileyo, kubandakanywa amanqanaba aphezulu ekunganeliseki komzimba, ukuzithemba okukhulu, ukuxhaswa okukhulu kweenkolelo zesini kunye neenkolelo zentlobano zesondo, kwaye ukunyamezela ubundlobongela ngesondo malunga nabasetyhini. Ngaphezu koko, ukuchazwa kokulinga kwesi siqulatho kubangela ukuba amabhinqa namadoda abe nombono ophantsi wezobuchule, ukuziphatha kunye noluntu..

Iintsholongwane kunye noonografi: Ukuhlaziywa kwe-20 iminyaka yoPhando (2016) -Ukuthathwa:

Injongo yale ngongoma yayiwukucwangcisa uphando olusisigxina olupapashwe ngalo Iingxelo zeeNgesi ezihlaziywe ngontanga phakathi kwe-1995 ne-2015 kubuninzi, iingqikelelo, kunye nefuthe lokusebenzisa ulutsha kwimifanekiso engamanyala. Olu phando lubonise ukuba ulutsha lisebenzisa iphonografi, kodwa amazinga okuxhaphaka ahluka kakhulu. Iintsholongwane ezazisetyenziselwa iifoto zoononophelo ziphindwe rhoqo, zisesigxina esiphezulu se-pubertal, abafuna ukuziva, kwaye babe nobudlelwane obuthathaka okanye obunentsapho. Ukusetyenziswa kwezithombe zoonografi kwakunxulumene nemeko yokuziphatha ngesondo kunye nokuxhomekeke ekuxhaseni ngeenkolelo zesini zesini. Kwakubonakala ngathi kuhambelana nokuvela kwesondo, ukufumana amava amaninzi kunye nokuziphatha okubi ngokwesondo, kunye nokuxhaphaza ngokwesondo, kokubili ngokubhekiselele nasekuhlaselweni.

Imibutho emide phakathi kokusetyenziswa kwezinto eziphathekayo zesondo kunye neengqondo zobutsha kunye nokuziphatha: Ukuphononongwa ngokulandelelana kwezifundo (2017) - Amacatshulwa:

Olu hlaziyo luhlalutye izifundo ezide zibonisa iziphumo zezinto ezibonakalayo ngokwesini kwizimo zengqondo zabaselula, iinkolelo kunye nokuziphatha.

Injongo yolu phononongo yayikukubonelela ngohlalutyo olufundisayo lwezifundo ezide ezigxila kwiziphumo zokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwezesondo kwabaselula. Inani lezinto ezinxulumene ngqo nezesondo nezixhobo zolutsha, iinkolelo kunye nokuziphatha kuchaziwe kwizifundo. Izinto ezibonakaliswa ngokwesondo zabonakala ngathi zichaphazela uninzi lweempawu zesini ezihambelana nesini, iinkolelo ezinxulumene nesini, amathuba okuba neentlobano zesini kunye nokuziphatha okuxhaphazayo ngokwesini.

TUphonononge izifundo wafumanisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezibonisa isini kunokuchaphazela uluhlu lweendlela zokucinga kunye neenkolelo zolutsha, ezinje ngokuzibandakanya kwezesondo (UPeter & Valkenburg, 2008b), ukungaqiniseki ngokwesondo (Peter & Valkenburg, 2010a; van Oosten, 2015), the inkcaso yezesondo yabasetyhini (UPeter & Valkenburg, 2009a), ukoneliseka ngokwesondo (UPeter kunye neValkenburg, 2009b), iindlela zokuzonwabisa kunye nokuziphatha okuvumayo ngokwesini (I-Baams et al., 2014; IBrown kunye ne-L'Engle, 2009; UPeter kunye neValkenburg, 2010b), Isimo sengqondo sokulingana ngokwesini (uBrown & L'Engle, 2009) kunye nokujonga umzimba (Doornwaard et al., 2014).

Iimpembelelo zokuBoniswa kweMidiya yezeSondo kuLutsha nakwimeko yaBantu aBadala aBathandanayo kunye noBundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesondo kwiindlela zokuziphatha kunye nokuziphatha: Ukuphononongwa ngokuBalulekileyo koNcwadi (2017) - Abstract:

Ubundlobongela bokuthandana (DV) kunye nobundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesondo (SV) zi ngxaki ezixhaphakileyo phakathi kolutsha kunye nabantu abadala abasakhulayo. Umzimba okhulayo woncwadi ubonakalisa ukuba ukuvezwa kweendaba ezichazayo ngokwesondo (SEM) kunye namajelo osasazo onobundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesondo (SVM) kunokuba yimingcipheko kwi-DV ne-SV. Injongo yeli nqaku kukubonelela ngohlengahlengiso loncwadi olucwangcisiweyo nolubanzi malunga nefuthe lokuvezwa kwe-SEM kunye ne-SVM kwi-DV kunye neendlela zokuziphatha ze-SV kunye nokuziphatha. Inani elipheleleyo lezifundo ze43 ezisebenzisa iisampulu zabantu abadala abafikisayo ziye zajongwa, kwaye ngokudibeneyo iziphumo zibonisa ukuba:

(I-1) ukubonakaliswa kwe-SEM kunye ne-SVM ngokuqinisekileyo kunxulumene ne-DV kunye neentsomi ze-SV kunye nokwamkela ngakumbi isimo sengqondo kwi-DV kunye ne-SV;

(I-2) ukubonakaliswa kwe-SEM kunye ne-SVM ngokuqinisekileyo kunxulumene nokuthe ngqo kunye nolindelo lwe-DV kunye ne-SV, ukuthotywa, kunye nokungathinteleki;

(3) I-SEM kunye ne-SVM zinempembelelo ngakumbi kwi-DV yamadoda kunye nakwindlela yokuziphatha ye-SV kunye nokuziphatha kunakwindlela yokuziphatha kwabasetyhini i-DV kunye ne-SV; kwaye

(4) izimo zengqondo ezixakayo ezihambelana ne-DV kunye ne-SV kunye nezinto ezikhethiweyo zeendaba zilungelelanisa ubudlelwane phakathi kokuchazwa kwe-SEM kunye ne-SVM kunye ne-DV kunye neendlela zokuziphatha ze-SV.

Iifoto zoononopopasho ezisebuntwaneni Sebenzisa: Uhlalutyo lweeNcwadi eziNkqubo zoPhando lwe-2000-2017. (2018) -Amagqabantshintshi avela kumacandelo ahambelana nefuthe le-porn kumsebenzisi:

Injongo yale ncwadana yokuphononongwa ngolu hlobo luyilophu imfuno yophando kwintsimi kwaye ihlolisise ukuba ngaba iziphumo ezibalulekileyo zivela kwiindawo zophando.

Iindlela zokujonga ukuba neentlobano zesini- Ngokubanzi, iifayili ze-21 zihlolisise iimvakalelo zesondo kunye neendlela zokuziphatha ngesondo ngokumalunga ne-PU. Akumangalisi ukuba iinjongo zokudla iinthombe zoononophala zixhomekeke ngokukodwa kwisimo sengqondo esifanelekileyo esicinga i-PU kunye nempembelelo ebonakalayo kwiimvakalelo zesondo kunye neendlela zokuziphatha ngokwesini.

Uphuhliso - Ukuxhomekeka, Ukubukela uonografi kuye kwafunyanwa kukuchaphazela ukuphuhliswa kwexabiso, kwaye ngakumbi ngakumbi abo bahlala bentsholongwane. Akumangalisi ukuba ukubukela iiporografi kuye kwaboniswa ukuba kunemiphumo eyinqabileyo, ukunciphisa ukukholelwa kweenkolelo zentsholongwane malunga nexesha, ezizimeleyo zesini.

Ukuhlaselwa Ukubonakaliswa koonobumba obunobundlobongela / obuthathakayo kubonakala buqhelekile phakathi kwabantwana abaselula, ezibandakanya nezenzo zokuzibeka engozini, kwaye, ngokubhekiselele kubafazi ngokukodwa, ihambelana nomlando wokuxhatshazwa. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iifundo zaphetha ukuba ukubonwa koonografi kwakungabandakanyekanga nokuziphatha kakubi ngokwesondo kwaye ukuzimisela ukubonakaliswa koonografi kwakubonakali kunokuchaphazela ukuziphatha kakubi ngokwesini phakathi kwentsha ngokubanzi. Nangona kunjalo, oUkufunyaniswa kweentlobo kubonisa ukuba ngokubanzi, ukutyhila ngokuzikhethela kwi-PU kwakudibaniswe neengxaki zokuziphatha eziphezulu phakathi kwabantwana abaselula, ukuxhaphazwa kwezesondo ezisekhompyutheni kunye nokucebisana kwezesondo kwi-intanethi kunye nokunyanzelwa kwamakhwenkwe okuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo kunye nokuxhatshazwa ngokubambisana ngokuqhelanisiweyo nokujonga ngokugqithisileyo.

Iinkonzo zeMpilo yengqondo - Ngokuqinisekileyo, kwaye nangona uphando oluthile lungagqibiyo umbutho phakathi kwempilo engamahlwempu yengqondo kunye ne-PU, uninzi lwezinto ezifunyenweyo eziguqukayo kwi-PU ephakamileyo ngexesha lentsholongwane lijonge ukuhambelana nomoya ophezulu (umz. ukudandatheka) kunye neengxaki zokuziphatha. Kwaloo mgca, uLuder okqhubekayo. ukuphakanyiswa kwezesini ehambelana nombutho phakathi kwe-PU kunye nokubonakaliswa koxinzelelo kunye namadoda abonisa ingozi ephezulu. Oku kufunyaniswe kukuvumelaniswe nezifundo ezide zityhila ukuba izinto eziphathekayo eziphathekayo zengqondo zibandakanyeka ekuphuhliseni ukusetyenziswa ngokunyanzeliswa kwezixhobo ze-Intanethi phakathi kwamakhwenkwe.

Iibhondi zaseNtlalweni- Kuko konke, kubonakala kubonakala ukuba abantu abaselula abahlala kwi-intanethi yezononografi bahlala behluke kwiinkalo ezininzi ezentlalontle ezisuka kwiintsholongwane ezisebenzisa i-Intanethi ngolwazi, ukunxibelelana kwezentlalo kunye nokuzonwabisa.

Iimpawu eziSetyenziswayo kwi-Intanethi - Izixhobo zokusetyenziswa kwi-intanethi ziphandiwe kwi-15 kwizifundo ze-57 ezibandakanyiweyo kuhlalutyo lwangoku. Ezi zibonakalisa ukuba iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zentsha ekubonisweni kweentlobo zoonografi kunye nokuxhatshazwa ngokwesini kuqukwa amanqanaba aphezulu ekusebenziseni umdlalo we-intanethi, ukuziphatha kweengxaki ze-intanethi, ukuxinezeleka kunye nokubonakaliswa kwe-cyberbullying, kunye nokuzibandakanya ngokuzikhethela ngokwesini kwi-intanethi.

“Iindlela zokuziphatha okubi ngokwesondo kwabaselula Aindlela yokuziphatha ngokwesondo ngokubhekiselele kwi-PU yaphandwa kwizifundo ze-11, kunye nazo zonke izifundo ezibika iziphumo ezibalulekileyo. Uphononongo olwenziwa nguDoornward, okqhubekayo. yafumanisa ukuba abafana abancinci 'ngokuziphatha ngokunyanisekileyo kwezesondo, kuquka nokusetyenziswa kwezinto eziphathekayo ze-intanethi, baxela amanqanaba aphantsi okuzithemba, amanqanaba aphezulu okudandatheka kunye namazinga aphezulu okwenzelana ngesondo. Ngaloo mongo, ezinye iincwadi zibonise ukuba abafana abafunyenweyo ukubandakanyeka ekusebenziseni izixhobo zokuxhatshazwa ngesondo kunye neendawo zokunxibelelana kwezentlalo bafumana ukuvunywa kwamanye oontanga kwaye babonisa amava amaninzi ngokubhekiselele ekubandakanyekeni kwabo ngokwesondo. Ngaphezu koko, amakhwenkwe abonisa ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kweentlophu zoonografi bebanomdla wokulala ngokwesini kunye nokubandakanya uluhlu olubanzi lweentlobano zesini.

Ukusetyenziswa kwempahla ye-intanethi ngokucacileyo kunye nemiphumo yayo kwimpilo yabantwana: ubungqina bwakutshanje beencwadi (2019) - Ukususela kwizinto ezingabonakaliyo:

Uphando lwencwadi lwenziwa kwi-PubMed ne-ScienceDirect ngo-Matshi 2018 kunye nombuzo "(uonografi okanye OKWENZEKILEYO nge-intanethi). Iziphumo ezipapashwe phakathi kwe-2013 kunye ne-2018 zahlaziywa kwaye zithelekiswa nobungqina obudlulileyo.

Ngokwezifundo ezikhethiweyo (n = 19), umanyano phakathi kokusebenzisa iphonografi kwi-intanethi kunye nokuziphatha, iziphumo zengqondo kunye nezentlalontle- ezokuqala zesondo, ukuzibandakanya nabantu abaninzi kunye / okanye amaqabane ngamaxesha athile, ukukhupha isimilo esiyingozi, ukulinganisa iindima zesini ezigqwethekileyo, ukungasebenzi kakuhle ukuqonda komzimba, ukuba ndlongondlongo, ukuxhalaba okanye iimpawu zokudakumba, ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwe-ponografi-kuyaqinisekiswa.

Iimpembelelo zoonografi e-intanethi kwimpilo yabantwana zibonakala zifanelekileyo. Umba awukwazi ukungahoywa kwaye kufuneka ukhankanywe ngamanyathelo angenelelo kwihlabathi jikelele. Ukuxhobisa abazali, ootitshala kunye nabaqeqeshi bezempilo ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo zemfundo ezijolise kule ngxaki ziya kubavumela ukuba bancedise abantwana ukuba bahlakulele izakhono ezicwangcisekileyo zokucinga malunga noonografi, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwawo kunye nokufumana imfundo echaphazelekayo kunye nezokwezesondo ezifanelekileyo ngakumbi kwiimfuno zabo zophuhliso.

Ukujonga imifanekiso engamanyala ngelo lensi yamalungelo abantwana (i-2019) - Amagqabantshintshi ambalwa:

Iziphumo ezibi ezichaziweyo zibandakanyiwe, kodwa azikhawulelwanga koku: (1) isimo sengqondo esijolise kwabasetyhini (uBrown & L'Engle, 2009; UPeter kunye neValkenburg, 2007; UPeter kunye neValkenburg, 2009; IHäggstrom-Nordin, et al., 2006) ; (2) ubundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesondo kwabanye abantu (Ybarra & Mitchell, 2005; Malamuth & Huppin, 2005; UAlexy, et al., 2009); (3) ukungalungisi kakuhle ekuhlaleni (iMesch, 2009; iTsitsika, 2009); (4) ukuzibandakanya kwezesondo (Peter & Valkenburg, 2008a); kunye (5) nokunyanzelwa (Delmonico kunye noGriffin, 2008; Lam, Peng, Mai, kunye noJing, 2009; URimington kunye noGast, 2007; van den Eijnden, Spijkerman, Vermulst, van Rooij, kunye no-Engels, 2010; Mesch, 2009).

Uphando olongezelelekileyo lubonisa ukuba iphonografi isetyenziselwa ukuqeqesha nokuloba abantwana ukuba babelane ngobundlobongela ngokwesondo (UCarr, 2003; "Ukuzilungisa kwi-Intanethi," ngo-2015; iOfisi yeZizwe eziManyeneyo kwiZiyobisi noLwaphulo-mthetho, 2015). Udliwanondlebe lwababoneleli beenkonzo abaphambili abasebenza namaxhoba okuphathwa gadalala ngokwesondo ngabantwana olwenziwa ngoMeyi 2018 uxwebhu lokuba ababoneleli bayangqina oko kubonakala ngathi kukonyuka kweziganeko zokuxhatshazwa ngokwesini phakathi kwabantwana kwaye umenzi wobubi wayeqhele ukuboniswa imifanekiso engamanyala uninzi lwezi zehlo (IBinford, iDimitropoulos, iWilson, iZug, iCullen, kunye neRieff, ayishicilelwanga).

Ukongezelela kwincwadi ejolise ngokukodwa kwimiphumo engabonakaliyo yokungaboniswa koononophala kwabantwana, kukho uncwadi oluninzi oluninzi oluthabatha ingqalelo kwimpembelelo ebonakalayo kubantu abadala, kuquka nabaselula. Njengophando olugxininisekisa ukukhanya koononophelo lwabantwana, ezi zifundo zibonisa ukuba ubudlelwane phakathi kweentlobo zoononophala kunye nokuhlaziywa kwezenhlalakahle, kubandakanywa ukwahlukana kwezentlalo, ukungaziphathi kakuhle, ukudandatheka, ukuzibulala, nokuzikhupha (Tsitsika, 2009; Bloom et al., 2015; Campbell, 2018).

Ukufunda kwamantombazana ekuhlaleni iiporografi njengoko abantwana bebonisa ukuba kunempembelelo ekwakheni kwabo (UBrown kunye no-L'Engle, 2009).

Amakhwenkwe atyhila kwiimifanekiso engamanyala njengoko abantwana babonisa imiphumo efanayo. Baphathisa uxhalabo malunga nokusebenza nokungahlali komzimba ("Ukhuseleko lwabantwana kwi-Internet," 2016; Jones, 2018).

Kubonakala kubakho ukulungelelaniswa phakathi kokuchasana noonografi kunye neengcamango zesini malunga nabasetyhini (Hald, Kuyper, Adam, & de Wit, 2013; Hald, Malamuth, & Yuen, 2010).

Abantwana besini esini esiveliswa iphonografi kunokwenzeka ukuba bakholelwe ukuba izinto abazibonayo, ezinje ngesondo ezimpundu kunye nokwabelana ngesondo ngokwamaqela, ziqhelekile phakathi koontanga babo (I-Livingstone kunye neMason, 2015). Abafikisayo kwisini esini esiveliswa iphonografi kunokwenzeka ukuba babelane ngesondo ngaphambili (uBrown & L'Engle, 2009; Owens, et al. 2012), banamaqabane amaninzi (iWright & Randall, 2012; Umkhukula, 2009, iphe. 389), kwaye bazibandakanye kwisondo esihlawulelweyo (uSvedin Akerman, kunye no-Priebe, 2011; iWright kunye neRandall, ngo-2012).

Iingxenye zengqondo yobutsha kunye nobuzwe bayo obukhethekileyo kwizinto ezichazayo ngokwesini (2019) - Iincinci ezimbalwa:

Iparadigms eyodwa yengqondo yokufikisa ibandakanya oku kulandelayo: 1) I-cortex engaphambi kokukhula kunye ne-limbic ephendula kakhulu kunye neesekethi zestriatal (UDumontheil, 2016; USomerville noJones, 2010; USomerville, uHare, kunye noCasey, 2011; UVan Leijenhorst et al. , 2010; UVigil et al., 2011); 2) Ixesha elonyusiweyo le-neuroplasticity (McCormick & Mathews, 2007; Schulz & Sisk, 2006; Sisk & Zehr, 2005; Vigil et al., 2011); 3) Inkqubo yedopamine esebenzayo (Andersen, Rutstein, Benzo, Hostetter, & Teicher, 1997; U-Ernst et al., 2005; I-Luciana, i-Wahlstrom, ne-White, i-2010; i-Somerville kunye ne-Jones, i-2010; I-Wahlstrom, i-White, ne-Luciana, i-2010) ;

4) I-axis ye-HPA ebhengeziweyo (UDahl & Gunnar, 2009; UMcCormick kunye noMathews, 2007; URomeo, uLee, uChhua, uMcPherson, kunye noMcEwan, 2004; Walker, Sabuwalla, & Huot, 2004); 5) Amanqanaba okwandiswa kwe testosterone (Dorn et al., 2003; Vogel, 2008; Mayo Clinic / Mayo Medical Laboratories, 2017); kunye ne-6) Impembelelo eyahlukileyo yehomoni ye-steroid (i-cortisol kunye ne-testosterone) ekukhuleni kwengqondo ngexesha lefestile yokufikisa (I-Brown kunye ne-Spencer, i-2013; Peper, Hulshoff Pol, Crone, Van Honk, 2011; Sisk & Zehr, 2005; Vigil et al., 2011).

I-Blakemore kunye noogxa baye bakhokelela intsimi ekuphuhliseni ubuchopho bentsha kunye nokucacisa ukuba iminyaka yeshumi elivisayo kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo kwixesha elibuhlungu ngenxa yokulungiswa kobuchopho obunzima (Blakemore, 2012). Iingingqi zengqondo ezithatha utshintsho olukhulu ngexesha lokukhula ziquka ukulawulwa kwangaphakathi, ukucocwa kwamanzi kunye nokucwangcisa (iBlakemore, 2012).

I-Blakemore kunye neRobbins (2012) ebuncinci obunxulumene nokwenza izigqibo ezinobungozi kwaye kubangelwa ukuba lo mbonakalo ukuxhatshazwa phakathi kokuphuculwa kwezinto ezincinci, okusemgangathweni nokulawulwa kwempendulo ekuhambeni kwasebuntwaneni ngokubhekiselele ekuphuhlisweni kokungaxilwanga komgaqo-mphumo, odla ukuphendula ngokuthe ngqo umvuzo wobutsha .....

Zombini ezixhaphakileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa rhoqo kweendawo ze-intanethi zoononografi zazinxulunyaniswa kakhulu nokungalungisi kwezentlalo phakathi kolutsha lwamaGrike (UTsitsika et al., 2009). Ukusetyenziswa kwe-ponografi kube negalelo ekucothiseni isaphulelo, okanye kutyekelo lomntu lokuphungula iziphumo zexesha elizayo ngenxa yemivuzo ekhawulezileyo (Negash, Sheppard, Lambert, & Fincham, 2016). UNegash kunye noogxa bakhe basebenzise isampulu eyayineminyaka yobudala ephakathi kwe-19 kunye ne-20, eyathi umbhali wayigxininisa yayisajongwa njengokufikisa.... ..

Siphakamisela isishwankathelo sendlela yokusebenza, sicinga iiparadesi ezikhethekileyo zobuchopho bentsha kunye neempawu eziphathekayo zesini. Ukugqithiswa kweendawo eziphambili ezinxulumene nengqondo ekhethekileyo yengqondo kunye nezinto ezichazwa ngokwesondo ziphawulekayo.

Emva kokuvezwa kwezinto ezichazayo ngokwesini, ukukhuthazwa kwe-amygdala kunye ne-HPA axis kuya kuphuculwa kulutsha, xa kuthelekiswa nomntu omdala. Oku kungakhokelela ekunciphiseni okubonakalayo kwecortex yangaphambili kunye nokuphuculwa kokusebenza kwe-basal ganglia kulutsha. Le meko, ke ngoko, inokubeka emngciphekweni umsebenzi olawulayo, obandakanya ukuthintela kunye nokuzithiba, kunye nokonyusa ukungxamiseka. Kuba ubuchopho bomntwana ofikisayo busakhula, bulunge ngakumbi kwi-neuroplasticity.

I-cortex yangaphambili ehamba "ngaphandle komgca," ngokutsho oko, iqhuba ukuphinda-phinda okufihlakeleyo okuthanda ukukhula okungaphantsi. Ukuba ukungalingani kwe-neuroplasticity kuyaqhubeka ngokuhamba kwexesha, oku kunokubangela ukuba isekethe yecortical ebuthathaka ithande isekethe eyongamileyo, enokubangela ukuba umntu ofikisayo aqhubeke nokuzanelisa kunye nokunyanzeliswa. I-nucleus yeshumi elivisayo eqokelelekayo, okanye iziko lokonwaba kwengqondo, liya kuba nokukhuthaza okubaxiweyo xa kuthelekiswa nomntu omdala. Amanqanaba okwanda kwe-dopamine aya kuguqulela kwiimvakalelo ezongeziweyo ezinxulunyaniswa ne-dopamine, ezinje ngokuzonwabisa kunye nokunqwenela (IBerridge, 2006; IVolkow, 2006)….

Ngenxa yefestile yombutho wophuhliso ngexesha lokufikisa, i-cortisol kunye ne-testosterone ziya kuba nefuthe elikhethekileyo kumbutho wobuchopho okanye ukusebenza kwendalo yemijikelezo eyahlukeneyo ye-neural. Esi siphumo asizukufunyanwa kubantu abadala kuba le festile yombutho ivaliwe. Ukuvezwa okungapheliyo kwi-cortisol kunokubakho, ngexesha lokulungelelanisa kwinqanaba lokufikisa, ukuqhuba i-neuroplasticity ekhokelela ekusebenzeni kokuqonda kunye nokuqina koxinzelelo nokuba sele umdala (McEwen, 2004; I-Tsoory kunye ne-Richter-Levin, 2006; I-Tsoory, 2008; UMcCormick kunye noMathews, 2007; 2010).

Ukomelela kwe-amygdala emva kokufikisa, ubuncinci kwinxalenye, kuxhomekeke kubukhulu bokuvezwa kwe-testosterone ngexesha lokukhula kwinqanaba lokufikisa. al., 2012; USarkey, uAzcoitia, uGarcia- Segura, uGarcia-Ovejero, kunye noDonCarlos, 2013). I-amygdala eyomeleleyo inxulunyaniswa namanqanaba aphakamileyo eemvakalelo kunye nokuzilawula okwenzakeleyo (Amaral, 2009; Lorberbaum et al., 2008; De Lorme & Sisk, 2003)… ..

Iminikelo yoLuntu lweZigxina zoLuntu kwiZigxina zoSondo, iMilinganiselo yoontanga, kunye nokuziphatha ngokwesondo: Uhlalutyo lweMeta (2019) - Amacatshulwa:

Iminyaka emine yophando iye yahlola impembelelo yokubonakaliswa kwimixholo engacacileyo kwimiba yesondo kwiimidiya. Kukho uhlalutyo olulodwa lweemeta kule sihloko, okubonisa ukuba ukuchazwa "kwiimidiya ezithandwayo" akunakuchukumiseka kwizenzo zesondo. Kukho inani lokunciphisa ukuhlaziywa kweemeta-meta ezikhoyo, kwaye injongo yale meta-uphando-mali ihlaziywa kukuhlola iintlangano phakathi kokungabikho kwiinkcukacha zesini kunye nokuziphatha kwezesondo kunye nokuziphatha ngokwesondo.

Uphando lweencwadi oluqhutyelwe luqhutyelwe ukufumana amanqaku afanelekayo. Ucwaningo ngalunye lwaluqhotyoshelwe kwimibutho phakathi kokuchasana neendaba zesini kunye nesinye seziphumo ezintandathu ezibandakanya ukuziphatha ngesondo (iimpembelelo ezivumelekileyo, iintlobo zontanga, kunye neengxabano zokudlwengula (ukuziphatha ngokwesondo ngokuqhelekileyo, iminyaka yokulala ngokwesondo kunye nokuziphatha kakubi ngokwesondo).

Ngokubanzi, ukuhlalutya kweemeta kubonisa ubudlelwane obudibeneyo kunye obuqinileyo phakathi kokusasazwa kweendaba kunye nesimo sengqondo nesimo sokuziphatha ngesini kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamanyathelo omphumo kunye neendaba ezininzi. Imidiya ibonisa indlela yokuziphatha ngokwesondo njengento exhaphakileyo, yokuzonwabisa, kwaye ingenabungozi [3], kwaye ukuhlalutya kwethu kubonisa ukuba isenzo sokwenza izigqibo zesondo ngokwaso sinokubunjwa, ngokwengxenye, ngokujonga ezi ntlobo zokubonakalisa. Iziphumo zethu zichasene ngokuthe ngqo kwi-meta-analysis, eyaphakamisa ukuba impembelelo yabezindaba kwizenzo zesondo yayingenanto okanye ayikho [4]. Uhlalutyo lwangaphambili lwama-meta lwalusebenzisa ubukhulu be-38 ubukhulu kwaye bufumanise ukuba i-media "ye-sexy" yayibuthathaka kwaye ihambelana ngokusesikweni kunye nokuziphatha ngokwesondo (r = .08), kanti i-metaanalysis yangoku isetyenziswa ngaphezu kwexesha le-10 isixa sobukhulu besiphumo (n = 394) kwaye ufumene umphumo phantse kabini ubukhulu (r = .14).

Okokuqala, sithole ubudlelwane obuhle phakathi kokuchasene neendaba zesini kunye neentsha kunye nabantu abadala abasemagxeni okuziphatha ngokwesini kunye neengcamango zabo zeentlobano zesini.

Okwesibini, ukuchazwa kwimixholo yesigxina sezesondo kwadibaniswa ngokubamkelwa kwamanyathelo okudlwengulwa okuqhelekileyo.

Ekugqibeleni, ukuchasana kwezobambiswano zesondo kufunyaniswe ukuqikelela ukuziphatha kocansi kuquka nobudala bokuqala ngokwesondo, amava ezesondo, kunye nokuziphatha okubi ngokwesondo. Ezi ziphumo ziguqulwe kwiindlela ezininzi kwaye zinike inkxaso ngenkxaso yokuba amajelo afaka isandla kwiimeko zesondo zababukeli abaselula.

Nangona uhlalutyo lweemeta lubonakalisa imiphumo ebalulekileyo yokuchasana kwezesondo ngesimo sengqondo ngesimo sengqondo kunye nokuziphatha kuzo zonke iimeko ezichaphazelekayo, le miphumo yenziwe imodareyithwa embalwa. Okubaluleke kakhulu, imiphumo ebalulekileyo kuyo yonke iminyaka yayibonakala; Noko ke, umphumo wawungaphezu kokuphindwe kabini kunkulu kubantu abadala, mhlawumbi kubonakalisa ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba abadala banokuba namava amaninzi, amava ngamazwe anokwenene ukuba athathe inxaxheba kunokuba abathathi-nxaxheba abatsha [36, 37]. Ukongezelela, isiphumo sinamandla kunamadoda xa kuthelekiswa nabasetyhini, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba ukulingana ngokwesondo kufana neskripthi sezesondo zesilisa [18] kwaye kuba abalinganiswa besilisa bahlwaywa ngaphantsi kunobumba bebhinqa bokuqalisa isondo [38].

Ezi ziphumo zinempembelelo ebalulekileyo kulutsha nakwimeko yabantu abadala abasakhulayo nakwimpilo yengqondo. Ukuqonda amanqanaba aphezulu ezesondo zoontanga kunye nokuvumela ngokwesondo kunokunyusa iimvakalelo zoxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lokuzama ngokwesondo [39]. Kwisifundo esinye, ukubonakaliswa kwimixholo yemithombo yeendaba zesondo kwinqanaba lokufikisa kwabonwa njengokuqhubela phambili ukuqaliswa ngokwesondo ngeenyanga ezili-9e17 [40]; kwakhona, ukuvavanywa kwangethuba kunokunyusa umngcipheko wempilo yengqondo nangokwasemzimbeni [37].

Imiphumo yobukhulu efunyenweyo apha ifana neyezinye iindawo ezifundwayo zengqondo yesiganeko njengempembelelo yemidiya kulwaphulo-mthetho [41], ukuziphatha okuqhubekayo [42], nomzimba womzimba [43]. Kwimeko nganye yezi ziko, nangona amajelo asetshenziswayo kwi-akhawunti kuphela inxalenye yentlukwano epheleleyo kwimiphumo yomdla, abeendaba badlale indima ebalulekileyo. Ezi tyikityo zibonisa ukuba umxholo wesigxina sesigxina sinento encinci, kodwa into efanelekileyo ekuphuhlisweni kwesimo sengqondo sesondo kunye nokuziphatha kwabaselula kunye nabantu abadala abasakhulayo.

Kukho imvelaphi enomdla enxulumene neli phepha. (Jonga inkcazo ukusuka kwisiphetho sayo ngaphantsi kwe-abstract). I-Abstract ichaza ukuba kukho enye i-meta-analysis in this article. Elinye iphepha lafumanisa ukuba, "Impembelelo yeendaba kwizesondo zobutsha yayincinci kunye nobukhulu becala malunga nendawo." Yayibhaliwe nguChristopher J. Ferguson: DI-oes I-Sexy Media ikhuthaza ukulala ngesondo? Uhlolo lweMeta-Analytical and Methodological Review (2017)

Kule minyaka, uFerguson uye wahlasela ingcamango ye-intanethi, ngelixa ikhankanya ngamandla ukugcina i-Internet Gaming Disorder ngaphandle kwe-ICD-11. (Ulahlekelwe nguye kwi-2018, kodwa umkhankaso wakhe uyaqhubeka kwimida emininzi.) Enyanisweni, uFerguson noNicole Prause babengabhali-mbhali kwiphepha elikhulu elinga ukuhlaziya iidayidi ze-intanethi. (Iingqinisiso zabo zafunyanwa kwinqaku lamaphepha ngamacandelo, kwi lo mbandela Umbhalo weMilo yoLungiso.) Lapha, abalobi be-meta-analysis bachaza indlela ukhetho lwesigxina sikaFerguson lweerameters elivelisa ngayo umphumo.

Ukuya kwii-cherry-picking, eziqhelekileyo ezingabalulekanga, iimpapasho ezingaphandle:

Studi Studies:

IHesse, uC., Kunye noPedersen, CL (2017). Isini esingamanyala ngokuchasene nokwabelana ngesondo okwenyani: Izinto ezibonisa ngokucacileyo ngokwesondo ezibumba njani ukuqonda kwethu malunga nokwabelana ngesondo, ubuchwephesha kunye nokuziphatha. Ukwabelana ngesondo kunye neNkcubeko, 21 (3), 754-775. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Okokuqala, iminyaka yobudala yayineminyaka engama-24, ke esi ayisosifundo "sobutsha." Okwesibini, uninzi lwezifundo yayingabantu ababhinqileyo, ke isifundo sasingabameli. Okwesithathu, eyona nto iphambili yokuba ababukeli bamanyala banamanqaku angcono kancinane kuvavanyo lwesini kunye novavanyo lomzimba ayisiyiyo yonke into emangalisayo. Okukhona ubona ngcono ukukhumbula kwakho. Ingabonakala ngathi yeyomhla, kodwa umntu unokufumana nje ngokulula umbhalo we-anatomy okwi-intanethi njengokubukela iphonografi enzima ukuze afunde malunga ne-anatomy.

Ngoko "abathathi-nxaxheba bachaza ukuba nemiphumo emihle ebonakalayo yendlela yokusetyenziswa kwe-SEM kunefuthe elibi,"Oku kulindelwe njengoko isifundo esetyenzisiweyo ukusetyenziswa kwimibuzo ye-pornography ebizwa ngokuba yi-Pornography Consumption Effect Scale (PCES). Njengoko kuchaziwe kulo i-YBOP kunye noprofesa wengqondo le ukufunda ukudala i-PCES isenokuba sesona sifundo siphambili sobugqwetha esakha sapapashwa (IHald neMalamuth, 2008).

The PCES Imibuzo yenzelwe kwaye ilandelwe ukwenzela ukuba uninzi olungaphantsi kwezilwanyana lusebenzise ezininzi iinzuzo. Enyanisweni, ukuba ungasebenzisi i-porn, ukungabikho kokusetyenziswa koononophelo kukuchaphazela impilo yakho ngokuya kwesi sixhobo. Oku akukho ukunyanzeliswa kwezifundo ezininzi ezisusela kwizifundo ze-PCES kugqiba oko! Oku I-7-minute video critique ye-PCES kutyhila iziphumo zokuqala zikaHald & Malamuth ezivela kwinto uNjingalwazi wezengqondo oziva ephazamisekile abiza ngokuba "ubomi be-psychometric":

  • Ukusetyenziswa koonobumba kwakusoloko kunenzuzo - ngeendlela ezimbalwa, ukuba zikhona, iingxaki, nakubani na.
  • I-hardcore yoononophelo enkulu kakhulu kwimiphumo emihle ebomini bakho. Kulula ngokucacileyo, "Ukugqithiseka koononophelo kuhlala kukuhle."
  • Kuzo zombini izigodlo ezona ziphangaleleyo, xa ukholelwa ukuba limela ubulili boqobo, kwaye ngakumbi ukwenza i-masturbate kuyo, imiphumo emihle kuyo yonke indawo yobomi bakho.

I-PCES isoloko ibika iingeniso kuba:

  1. IHald neMalamuth ngokungacwangciswanga bagqiba kwelokuba yayiyintoni "into elungileyo" kunye "nembi" kwiziphumo zokusebenzisa iphonografi. Umzekelo "ukongezwa kulwazi lwakho ngesondo ezimpundu" kuhlala kuluncedo, ngelixa "ukunciphisa iminqweno yakho yesondo" kuhlala kukubi.
  2. I-PCES inikela ubunzima obulinganayo kwimibandela engayifuni imiphumo efanayo. Umzekelo "Ungeze ngolwazi lwakho ngesini esandulelayo?"Unokucima"Ngaba kukhokelela kwiingxaki zobomi bakho bobulili?"Kungakhathaliseki ukuba ungacingi ukuba iziphumo ezintle ziyimiphumo emihle, azikho ngendlela elinganayo nomgangatho obuncitshisiweyo wobomi (ukulahlekelwa ngumsebenzi, ukuqhawula umtshato), okanye iingxaki zobomi bakho bobulili (u-dysfunction u-erectile, akukho ukuqhuba ngesondo).

Ngamanye amazwi, umtshato wakho unokutshatyalaliswa kwaye unokuba ne-ED engapheliyo, kodwa umlinganiselo wakho we-PCES unokukwazi ukubonisa ukuba unobungqina obuselula bubukhulu kuwe. Njengomntu ophinda abuyele umsebenzisi osisitabane wathi emva kokubukela Imibuzo ye-47 PCES: "Yeh, ndiye ngaphuma eyunivesiti, ndafumana iingxaki kunye nezinye izidakamizwa, ndingazange ndibe nentombi, ndilahlekelwe ngabahlobo, ndibe netyala, ndisenayo i-ED kwaye ndingazange ndilale ngesini. Kodwa ubuncinci ndiyazi malunga neenkwenkwezi zoononongo kwaye ndiza kukhawuleza kuzo zonke izikhundla ezahlukileyo. Ngoko ke, ngokugqithiseleyo i-pornography iye yaphucula ubomi bam. "

UPaasonen, S., Kyrölä, K., Nikunen, K., kunye noSaarenmaa, L. (2015). 'Sizifihlile iimagazini zoononophelo kwiimithi ezikufuphi': Umsebenzi wokukhumbuza kunye nokusetyenziswa koonobumba kwiFinland. Ubulili, 18 (4), 394-412. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

uhlalutyo: Ucaphulo lokunyuka kwamaxabiso. Umgangatho kwaye hayi malunga ne-intanethi ye-intanethi. Ucela abemi baseFinland abangama-45 ukuba bakhumbule amava abo okuqala okufumana "imifanekiso engamanyala". Eli phepha linezicatshulwa ezimbalwa ezikhethiweyo (iinkumbulo) ezilandelwa yingcaciso. Ingaba uyadlala?

Spišák, S. (2016). 'Yonke indawo bathi bayingozi kodwa abayitshoyo, ngoko ndibuza apha:' abantu abatsha, iifoto kunye neengxoxo kunye neengcamango zengozi nobungozi. Imfundo yezesondo, i-16 (2), i-130-142. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

uhlalutyo: Isishwankathelo soManyano sithe, "VAbantu abancinci kubantu abancinci abaqhagamshelana neengcali zezempilo zesondo bafumana i-pornography ngokwayo njengengozi. Kunoko, incoko yengozi ehlangenwe nakho njengokungabonakali. Uphando alukwazi ukufumana ubungqina obucacileyo bokulimala ngokumalunga nabantu abatsha abajongene noonografi. "

Isishwankathelo sishiya iinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo. Uphononongo lusekelwe kwiqoqo elingabonakaliyo lemibuzo engaziwayo ethunyelwe kwiinkonzo ezahlukeneyo ze-inthanethi ezijoliswe kubaselula kunye nabantu abatsha (kwi-2013). Kuphela ipesenteji yemibuzo ejongene noononophelo. Ukususela kwisifundo:

Eli phepha lakha kwi-data equkethe imibuzo ye-4212 malunga nokuziphatha ngokwesini ethunyelwa ngabantu abaselula eFinland kwiingcali ngezempilo zesondo. I-64 kuphela (i-1.5%) yale mivuzo ijolise ngokucacileyo kwi-iphonografi.

Eli phepha liyaqhubeka:

Enyanisweni, utshintsho olwenziwe emzimbeni ngexesha lokutshatyalaliswa kwentshukumo kunye nento ekubhekiswa ngayo 'ngokuqhelekileyo' yophuhliso ngokomzimba nangokwezesondo yimibuzo efunwa rhoqo. Ezinye izihloko ezithandekayo ziqhelana ngesondo, ukukhulelwa, izifo ezithathelwana ngesondo kunye nobuhlobo (cf. uRinkinen 2012).

Umbhali usixelela ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-porn akubangeli ngxaki kuba bambalwa ababuza ngayo. Amanye amathuba ambalwa akhoyo: (1) ezi nkonzo zinokubonwa njengesixhobo esifanelekileyo semibuzo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwe-porn, (2) iingxaki zabakwishumi elivisayo zinokunxulunyaniswa nokusetyenziswa kwabo kwe-porn, kodwa basilele ukwenza unxibelelwano, (3 Ukusetyenziswa kwe-porn kuyindawo yonke - abakwishumi elivisayo bayazi ngakumbi malunga ne-porn kunabantu abadala. Nokuba kunjalo, amakhulu ezifundo anika ingxelo ngemiphumela emibi emininzi enxulumene nokusetyenziswa gwenxa (jonga intshayelelo yeli candelo).

Kungenxa yokuba umntwana osemva engabonakaliyo kunye nabo (okanye iqabane labo) ukusebenzisa i-porno ngxaki akuthethi ukuba ukusebenzisa i-porn kungenayo impembelelo. Lindela iminyaka embalwa. Umzekelo, a Ucwaningo lwe-2019 BBC bonisa oko I-20% yabalindi be-porn 18-25 ithi itshintshe amandla abo okulala ngesondo. Ngaphantsi kwekota (i-24 ipesenti) yabathengiweyo bavumile ukuba baziva bexinzelelwe ukwenza izinto iqabane liye lazibona kwi-porno kwaye ngaphantsi kweyesihlanu (iipesenti ze-19) ziyavuma ukuba ziye zazama izinto abazibonayo kwi-porno kwaye zazisola . Ingaphezulu kweyesithathu (i-35 ipesenti) iyavuma ukuba baye balala ngokwesondo ngenxa yezobisi. Phantse kwikota (i-23 ipesenti) yabantu abaneminyaka elidala abaneminyaka eyi-18-25 ababukela iifostile bacinga ukuba banomlutha.

IMilas, G., Wright, P., kunye ne-Štulhofer, A. (2019). Uvavanyo lwexesha elide loMbutho phakathi koonografi Ukusetyenziswa kunye noXhaso loSondo ngoButsha. Umbhalo woPhando loLwesini, i-1-13. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

uhlalutyo: Ilungu loMbutho u-Alexander Štulhofer. Njengoko kunye nezinye izifundo ezininzi ezikhankanywe apha, izifundo ziyiminyaka eyi-16 ubudala yaseCroatian (i-Štulhofer iqhubeka ibuza i-16 ubudala ubudala ubudala malunga ngcamango yeziphumo ze-porn). Kolu phando uŠtulhofer ubuza abaneminyaka eli-16 ubudala malunga namanqanaba “okoneliseka ngokwesondo,” ukufumana “akukho mbutho ophawulekayo phakathi kweenguqu kwiimpawu zokuzilahla kwezonyanya zisebenzisayo kudlula ixesha kunye nokwaneliseka kwabo ngokwesondo.”Hayi ngokukhawuleza uStulhofer. Uphononongo lubike ukuba i-90% yamadoda ajonge iphonografi, ngelixa bambalwa abantu ababhinqileyo abasebenzisa iphonografi. Qikelela ukuba isifundo sithini na:

"Ngexesha eliqwalaselweyo, ukusetyenziswa kwamanyala ngamanyala phakathi kwabathathi-nxaxheba abangamadoda kwaba kanye ngeveki. Ngokwahlukileyo, uninzi lwabathathi-nxaxheba ababhinqileyo baxela ukuba akukho phonografi. Xa kuthelekiswa neontanga zabo, abantwana beselula babenelisekile kakhulu ngokuphila kwabo ngokwesini. "

Inomdla, kodwa inganyanzelwanga yi-The Deniers. Kodwa ngaba isifundo singakwazi ukuvavanya ukuxhaswa ngokwesini kwi-16 ubudala? Ukususela kwisifundo:

“Uninzi lwabathathi-nxaxheba alunamava okanye banamava kuphela ngesondo…”

Imibuzo embalwa: Ngamava amancinci, njani umdala we-16 unokugweba ngokucacileyo ngesondo esanelisayo? Bangaphi abaneminyaka eyi-16 ubudala abanesondo rhoqo? Umntu oneminyaka eyi-16 ubudala akwenzi uthi ufumana umsebenzi wesondo owanelisayo, akuvumelekanga ukulala ngesondo? Kuthekani ngabo bonke ababudala be-porn-16 abaneminyaka engama-100 ubudala ababukela iifostile endaweni yokulala ngesondo - bakuphi na uphando?

Njengoko kuthethwe ngenye indawo, iimiphumo ezimbi zokusetyenziswa koononophelo oluqhubekayo zivame ukubonakala kamva (kwimashumi mabini nangamashumi amathathu). Oku kuyinyani ngokukhethekileyo "ukwaneliseka ngokwesini" kunye nolwaneliseko lobuhlobo. Sazi njani? Isifundo ngasinye esibandakanya abantu abadala bavakalise ukusetyenziswa koononophelo okuxhatshazelweyo zihlwempu isini okanye ukwaneliseka kobudlelwane (jonga Izifundo ezingaphezulu kwe-70 zidibanisa ukusetyenziswa koononophelo ukuya kwisini esincinci kunye nolwaneliseko lobuhlobo.)

Oko kwathiwa, i-Denier ishiye zonke ezinye izifundo zokufikisa ukuvavanya ubudlelwane phakathi kokusebenzisa iphonografi kunye nokwoneliseka ngokwesondo (kubandakanya isifundo sobude obude). Ukumangaliswa - yonke into edibeneyo yokusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana kunye nokwaneliseka okuncinci:

  1. Uonografi, ukuhlalisana ngokwesini, kunye nokwaneliseka phakathi kwamadoda aselula (2008)
  2. Ukuboniswa kwabantwana abakwi-Adolescents Exhibure kwizinto ze-intanethi ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokuneliseka ngokocansi: Isifundo eside (2009)
  3. Iintlangano phakathi kokusetyenziswa kwabantu abadala abasemagqabini ngokucacileyo ngesondo kunye nokukhetha kwabo ngokwesondo, ukuziphatha kunye nokwaneliseka (2011)
  4. Iingxelo zeentombi zaBadala abaBantu abaBantu abaBantu abathandana nabo baseRoma Abalingani babo baSebenzi basebenzise njenge-Correlate yokuzimelela kwabo, ubuGangatho bobudlelwane, kunye nokuXhobisa ngokwesondo (2012)
  5. Ukuphindaphindiweyo kokusetyenziswa koonografi kuhambelana ngokuthe ngqo kunye noxanduva olusenyongweni oluphantsi kweempawu zoxinzelelo kunye nokuhlaselwa ngokwenyama kubantu baseTshayina abadala (2011)
  6. Iintlangano phakathi kokusetyenziswa kwabantu abadala abasemagqabini ngokucacileyo ngesondo kunye nokukhetha kwabo ngokwesondo, ukuziphatha kunye nokwaneliseka (2011)

Umanyano lwaDeniers lubhenciwe.

UMarengo, D., Settanni, M., kunye noLongobardi, C. (2019). Imibutho phakathi kwezesondo, i-sex-concept, ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo, kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwe-Intanethi kwiintsholongwane zaseNtaliyane: Ukuphanda indima yokudibanisa yokuziphatha ngomlomo kunye nokubonwa kwemiyalezo yokuthumelelana nge-post. Ukuhlaziywa koNcedo lwaBantwana noLutsha. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

uhlalutyo: Inkcazelo engakumbi yokunyuka kwamaxabiso, njengoko kungekhona isifundo kwiimpembelelo ezinokwenzeka. Kutheni i-Deniers ibhala uluhlu lothungelwano lwe-sexting olungaphumeleli ukuhlola ukusetyenziswa koonwabo, nini nezinye izifundo ezininzi baye bavavanya ubudlelwane phakathi kokuthunyelwa kwe-post kunye nokusetyenziswa koononophelo? Hayi, kuba ukuphinda kuqhutywe phambili kwezifundo kudibanisa nokusetyenziswa koononophelo ukuthumela imiyalezo yokuthumela imiyalezo.

UDawson, K., Nic Gabhainn, S., kunye neMacNeela, P. (2019). KuMzekelo woLwazi lokuBhala ngeSono: iiNkcazo eziPhambili, iMigqaliselo, kunye neendlela. Umbhalo woPhando loLwesini, i-1-15. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

uhlalutyo: Ucaphulo lokunyuka kwamaxabiso, njengoko ingesosifundo kwiziphumo ze-porn. Kubonakala ngathi ikhuthaza ababhali "beKharityhulamu yokuFunda nokuFunda."

URothman, EF, Adhia, A., Christensen, TT, Paruk, J., Alder, J., kunye noDaley, N. (2018). Iklasi yokufunda nokuzibhala ngeengcamango zolutsha: Iziphumo zephononic and pilot study study. I-American Journal of Sexual Education, i-13 (1), i-1-17. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

uhlalutyo: Ilungu loMbutho u-Emily Rothman. Ukucaphula okuthe kratya, njengoko ingesosifundo kwiziphumo ze-porn. Ikwabonakala ikwazisa "ngeKharityhulamu yokuFunda nokuBhala yezeManyala."

I-Kohut, T., kunye ne-Štulhofer, A. (2018).Ngaba iifoto zoononophala zisebenzisa umngcipheko wokuphila kwentsha? Uviwo lobudlelwane bexeshana kwiisesampuli ezimbini zeepaneli ezizimeleyo. I-PloS enye, i-13 (8), i-e0202048. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Amalungu Alliance Taylor Kohut kunye noAlesandro Štulhofer. Umyinge weminyaka eyi-16, kunye namaCroatia kuphela (njengakwizifundo ezininzi zika-Štulhofer). Okokuqala, njengoko kuphawuliwe apha ngezantsi, iziphumo ezibi zokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwe-porn zihlala zibonakala emva iminyaka yeshumi elivisayo. Okwesibini, idatha ibandakanyiwe kufundo olungezantsi lweKohut kunye ne-Štulhofer, ukuze sikwazi ukujonga ezi zifundo zi-2 njengeziqingatha ezibini zesifundo esinye. Ngelixa zombini ezi zifundo zingqina ukuba utshintsho kwiifoto ezingathandabuzekiyo azihambelani utshintsho kwimpilo yengqondo, zombini izifundo zifumene ukuba ukusetyenziswa koonobumba kwakunxulumene nenhlalakahle yengqondo yengqondo. Amacatshulwa:

Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa koonografi kwakunxulumene nokunyuka kokuzimela kunye neempawu zokudandatheka kunye nokuxhalaba, kodwa kuphela phakathi kwabasetyhini abasetyhini kwelinye lamaphaneli amabini. Ukongezelela, ukunyamekela kokuziphatha okuphantsi kokubambisana kwakuhlanganiswa nokunyuka okulandelelweyo ekusebenziseni iiporografi, kodwa kuphela kwintsapho yabasetyhini kwelinye ipaneli.

Kutheni le nto izifundo zika-Štulhofer zibonakala ngathi zifumana iingxaki ezimbalwa ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa kwe-porn, ngelixa ukuphazamiseka kophando kufumana iingxaki? Umzekelo, eli phepha liqulathe Izifundo ezingaphezulu kwe-75 zidibanisa ukusetyenziswa koononophelo kwimpilo ehluphekileyo yengqondo kunye neemeko ezihlwempuzekileyo zokuqonda. Ezinye zezifundo zisexesha elide kwaye abambalwa abanabasebenzisi bezentlekele baphelisa i-porno ngexesha elide.

I-Štulhofer, A., Tafro, A., kunye neKohut, T. (2019).Amandla okusebenzisa iphonografi kulutsha kunye nentlalo-ntle yengqondo: ukukhula kwamaza amathandathu amva nje kunye nendlela yokumodareyitha yeklasi. Ukunyangwa kwengqondo yabantwana yaseYurophu kunye nokufikisa, 1-13. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Amalungu Alliance Taylor Kohut kunye noAlesandro Štulhofer. Okokuqala, idatha ibandakanyiwe kwesi sifundo singasentla seKohut kunye ne-Štulhofer, ke sinokubona ezi zifundo zibini njengeziqingatha ezibini zesifundo esinye. Okwesibini, umndilili weminyaka yayili-2 (abantu baseCroatia kuphela). Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba iziphumo ezibi zokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwe-porn zihlala zibonakala kamva kakhulu (amashumi amabini anamashumi amathathu). Okwesithathu, kwaye kubalulekile, isishwankathelo soManyano sishiye iziphumo eziphambili:

"Umanyano olungalunganga olufunyenweyo lufumanekile phakathi kokusetyenziswa kwabantwana ababhinqileyo ekusetyenzisweni iphonografi kunye nokuphila ngokwasemphefumlweni"

"Abona manqanaba asezantsi oxinezeleko kunye noxinzelelo afunyenwe kulutsha olungamadoda oluxele ngokuxhaphakileyo kwezesondo."

Ukubeka ngokulula, ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwe-porn kwakuhambelana nentlalontle yengqondo kubantu basetyhini, ngelixa elona xesha lide lokusetyenziswa kwe-porn lalinxulumene namanqanaba asezantsi oxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo kumadoda. Iziphumo zika-Štulhofer kunye noKohut zimele ukufunyanwa kwabangaphandle, njengoko Izifundo ezingaphezulu kwe-75 zidibanisa ukusetyenziswa koononophelo kwimpilo ehluphekileyo yengqondo kunye neemeko ezihlwempuzekileyo zokuqonda.

UPeter, J., kunye neValkenburg, PM (2011). Tusebenzisa iincwadi ze-intanethi ngokucacileyo kunye neendlela ezichasayo: Ukuthelekiswa kwexesha elide kunye nabadala. I-Archives of Sexual behavior, 40 (5), 1015-1025. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Kutheni eli phepha lidwelisiwe? Ukucaphula okuthe kratya, njengoko ingesosifundo kwiziphumo ze-porn. Uphononongo lwaseDatshi luxela ukuba amadoda amadala asebenzisa iphonografi rhoqo kunamadoda akwishumi elivisayo, kodwa oku akuhambelani nezinye izifundo. Ubudala bedatha (ukusuka kwi-2008), kunye nesampulu kuphela yelizwe elincinci, zinokuphendula ngeziphumo ezingathandekiyo. Okanye mhlawumbi ulutsha lwaseDatshi luyakwazi ukuxoka malunga nokusetyenziswa kwabo kwe-porn. Iziphumo zika-2008 azihambelani nedatha yakutshanje-Ukusetyenziswa koonobumba baseAustraliya bezononografi kunye nemibutho yokuziphatha komngcipheko wesondo (2017). Olu pho nonongo lwabantu base-Australia, iminyaka eyi-15-29, lufumene ukuba i-100% yamadoda (i-82% yabasetyhini) yayibukele ubulili. Kwakhona, i-69 ekhulwini yabesilisa kunye ne-23 ekhulwini yabesifazane baqale bajonge i-porn kwi-13 okanye incinci. Ukongezelela lo mboniso wachaza ukuba ezininzi iinkqubo zoononophala eziqhelekileyo zikhangelelana kunye neengxaki zempilo yengqondo.

UVan Ouytsel, J., Ponnet, K., kunye noWalrave, M. (2014).Unxibelelwano phakathi kokufikisa kwabakwishumi elivisayo kwimifanekiso engamanyala kunye neevidiyo zomculo kunye nokuziphatha kwabo ngokuthumela imiyalezo yemifanekiso engamanyala. ICyberpsychology, indlela yokuziphatha, kunye neeNethiwekhi zeNtanethi, i-17 (12), 772-778. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Njengoko isishwankathelo soManyano sithe "Ukuziphatha kwe-Sexting kwakunxulumene kakhulu kunye nokusetyenziswa koonografi, xa ulawula ukudala, ubulili, umkhondo wesikolo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-Intanethi."

Iifilimu okanye Icandelo lokuhlaziya

Umxholo / uqoboI-Dunders 'conundrum: kufuneka wenze ntoni malunga zonke izifundo ezininzi ezidibanisa ukusetyenziswa koononophelo kwiziphumo ezintle ezingalunganga? Ekubeni i-Deniers ikwazi ukupompoza izifundo ezininzi kunye neengcamango ezingathandekiyo, zivelise isicwangciso esitsha sokuxhasa inkxaso yabo ye-agnotology: ityala yonke into yokuziphatha kakubi ngoonombulo ngokunyula i-masturbation esikhundleni. (Yithi Intoni?)

In I-2016 i-Deniers embalwa (I-Ley & Prause) yaba ziingcali zokuqala ukuzama ukukholisa umhlaba ukuba ukuphonyula, ukusetyenziswa kobugqwetha be-digital, yayingumthwalo wecandelo ukuxhuma ngamandla kwi-erectile ukungasebenzi kwamazinga kumadoda phantsi kwe40. "Ixabiso" lale ngongoma yokuthetha elithembekileyo likwazi ukufaka ingxaki kwiingcinga zomntu malunga neengozi zoononophelo. Kuyisiphazamiso esimangalisayo kuzo zonke ubungqina obonisa ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwe-intanethi ebangela izilima.

Nangona kunjalo, akukho nanye kwizifundo ezithiwa ziDeniers, ngaphandle kwendlela eyahlukeneyo yokubonelela, inikezela ngenkxaso encinci yenkunkuma ebomvu. Ngaphandle, iphepha le-sociologist u-SL Perry, elingenayo idatha ethembekileyo yokuhamba rhoqo kwe-masturbation, ayisiyonto ingaphaya kokucinga-njengoko kuchaziwe ngezantsi.

Iingcali ezithandwayo zobulili azizange zithi i-masturbation ibangela i-ED yolutsha. Ngokuqinisekileyo i-urologists, iingcali eziphambili kumpilo yabantu besondo, musa. Inyaniso kukuba, akukho mntu kwimbali ye-sexology yanamhlanje (gcina ezi zimbalwa zezocansi zesondo) oye wakhankanya ukuba i-masturbation engabonwanga ngophuzo-mnyama yimbangela yeengxaki ezifana engapheliyo i-erectile disys function in the young men. Enyanisweni, i-masturbation iye yafumana inzuzo kwiminyaka emininzi. I-physics, ingaba njani i-ole entle-it-yourself-self-delighting ichaza utshintsho kwezinye iikhompythi zesondo zabasebenzisi abathile ezinzulu kangangokuthi ukudibana nabalingani bangempela abavusayo? Ingachaza njani ixesha elide lokubuyiselwa kwamanye amantombazana abika emva kokuyeka u-porn? Ukuphonyula kukuchaza njani Izifundo ze-70 ezidibanisa ukusetyenziswa koononophelo ukwenzela ukunciphisa ukwaneliswa ngokwesondo kunye nolwalamano (kuquka i-7 i-longitudinal studies)?

Nangona i-Deniers ingacacisekanga ngokucacileyo ekuchazeni ngokuchanekileyo njani i-masturbation inokuvelisa i-ED engapheli ngamanye amancinci enempilo, isigqibo esisodwa esicacileyo kukuba bacinga ukuba i-masturbation ibangela ingozi enkulu kangangokuba abo balimalayo abanakuphumelela ukulungiswa. Ingxaki kukuba, olo hlobo lusizi luhlobo eziphilayo ED (ifumaneke kalula ngababoneleli bezempilo). Nangona kukho izifundo ezahlukeneyo ezibonisa ukuba I-500-1000% yanda kwi-ED kumadoda phantsi kwe-40, akukho sifundo esichaza umonakalo omkhulu weethambo emva kwalokhu kukhula okukhulu. Inyaniso kukuba, abaninzi abantu abanoonobumba be-porn-edityaniswe ED banokufezekisa ukulungiswa kunye nokukhwabanisa kwintlanzi kulungile ... nje kuphela xa bebukela i-intanethi ye-intanethi.

Ngamafutshane, ukungabikho kweengxaki zesimo seengqondo okanye ezingokwengqondo, ukuphazamiseka kunye nokuvuswa kwezesondo akuzona iingxaki ebantwini abancinci ngaphandle kokuba basebenzisa i-digital porn. Isiqubulo seDeniers 'Alliance sibonakala ngathi: "Ayinakho ukubukela iphonografi ... .Nantoni na ngaphandle koononophala."

Ngokuphathelele amaphepha alliance, mnye kuphela iphepha iinzame zokuvavanya ukuba ingaba "iphonografi okanye iphinga lokuhlambalaza", kwaye lisilele ukwenza njalo kuba lalingenayo idatha ethembekileyo yokuhamba rhoqo kwe-masturbation (Perry, 2019). bonke Amaphepha alliance aseleyo ayenanto nantoni na enxulumene nalo mxholo othi: "Ngaba uonografi okanye ukuhlaziya ngokobuhlungu emva kweziphumo ezibi ezibiweyo?". I-RealYBOP inethemba lokuba akukho mntu uhlola umsebenzi wakhe. Senze.

Amaphepha Amanyathelo:

UCarvalheira, A., uTræen, B., kunye no-Štulhofer, A. (2015). Ukuphulula amalungu esini kunye nokusebenzisa iphonografi phakathi kwamadoda ahamba kunye nesini esahlukileyo kunye nokunciphisa umnqweno wesini: Zingaphi iindima zokuphulula amalungu esini? Ijenali yokwabelana ngesondo kunye nonyango lomtshato, 41 (6), 626-635. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Ilungu loMbutho u-Alexander Štulhofer. Citation ukunyuka kwamaxabiso. Akuxeleli nto malunga nokuba "i-masturbation okanye iifilimu" (njengokungathi ukusetyenziswa koononophelo kunye nokuphulula amalungu esini kunokuhlala kwahlulwe ngokuthembekileyo kwizifundo ezisebenzisa ukukhumbula kuphela). Kuphela zizifundo ezilandela abasebenzisi be-porn abangazinikeli kwi-porn ngokuhamba kwexesha abanokuthi baqale ukuvavanya iziphumo ezahlukileyo zokuphulula amalungu esini kunye ne-porn. Uphononongo lufumanise ukuba ukuphulula amalungu esini kwi-porn kwakuhambelana nokunciphisa umnqweno wesini kunye nolwalamano olusenyongweni. Izicatshulwa kwisifundo:

Phakathi kwamadoda aphethwe ngokukhawuleza, U-70% wasebenzisa iinthombe zoonografi ubuncinane kanye ngeveki. Uvavanyo oluninzi lubonise ukuba ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo, Ukusetyenziswa koononophelo rhoqo, kunye nobuhlobo obusondeleyo obusondeleyo ubudlelwane obusondelene kakhulu bunyuse kakhulu imingcipheko yokunika ingxelo ngokuphandula phakathi kwabantu kunye nokunciphisa umnqweno wesini.

Phakathi kwamadoda [kunye nomnqweno wesini wesini] owasebenzisa iinthombe zoononografi ubuncinane kanye ngeveki [kwi-2011], I-26.1% ibixelele ukuba ayinakukwazi ukulawula ukusetyenziswa kwabo koonografi. Ukongeza, i-26.7% yamadoda ibike ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwabo kwezonografi kwachaphazela kakubi isondo sabo sobudlelwane kunye ne-21.1% bathi bazama ukuyeka ukusebenzisa imifanekiso engamanyala.

Wow - ngaphezulu kwe-25% bathi ukusetyenziswa kwe-porn kubuchaphazele kakubi ubomi babo ngokwesondo. Kwaye ukusetyenziswa koononophelo kwakuhambelana nokunciphisa umnqweno wesini kunye nokukhathazeka kunye nabalingani bezesondo. Awuzange uzifumane ezo zixhobo zimnandi kwisishwankathelo soManyano.

Hald, GM, kunye neMalamuth, NM (2008). Iziphumo ozibonayo zokusebenzisa iphonografi. Oovimba bokuziphatha ngokwesondo, 37 (4), 614-625.

Uhlalutyo: Citation ukunyuka kwamaxabiso. Akuxeleli nto malunga nokuba ngaba "yi-masturbation okanye iifilimu". Olu phononongo lubonakaliswe njengeNqanaba lokuSetyenziswa koTyhila (PCES). Njengoko kuchaziwe koku i-YBOP kunye noprofesa wengqondo le ukufunda ukudala i-PCES isenokuba sesona sifundo siphambili sobugqwetha esakha sapapashwa (IHald neMalamuth, 2008).

The PCES Imibuzo yenzelwe kwaye ilandelwe ukwenzela ukuba uninzi olungaphantsi kwezilwanyana lusebenzise ezininzi iinzuzo. Enyanisweni, ukuba ungasebenzisi i-porn, ukungabikho kokusetyenziswa koononophelo kukuchaphazela impilo yakho ngokuya kwesi sixhobo. Oku akukho ukunyanzeliswa kwezifundo ezininzi ezisusela kwizifundo ze-PCES kugqiba oko! Oku I-7-minute video critique ye-PCES kutyhila iziphumo zokuqala zikaHald & Malamuth ezivela kwinto uNjingalwazi wezengqondo oziva ephazamisekile abiza ngokuba "ubomi be-psychometric":

  • Ukusetyenziswa koonobumba kwakusoloko kunenzuzo - ngeendlela ezimbalwa, ukuba zikhona, iingxaki, nakubani na.
  • I-hardcore yoononophelo enkulu kakhulu kwimiphumo emihle ebomini bakho. Kulula ngokucacileyo, "Ukugqithiseka koononophelo kuhlala kukuhle."
  • Kuzo zombini izigodlo ezona ziphangaleleyo, xa ukholelwa ukuba limela ubulili boqobo, kwaye ngakumbi ukwenza i-masturbate kuyo, imiphumo emihle kuyo yonke indawo yobomi bakho.

I-PCES isoloko ibika iingeniso kuba:

  1. IHald neMalamuth ngokungacwangciswanga bagqiba kwelokuba yayiyintoni "into elungileyo" kunye "nembi" kwiziphumo zokusebenzisa iphonografi. Umzekelo "ukongezwa kulwazi lwakho ngesondo ezimpundu" kuhlala kuluncedo, ngelixa "ukunciphisa iminqweno yakho yesondo" kuhlala kukubi.
  2. I-PCES inikela ubunzima obulinganayo kwimibandela engayifuni imiphumo efanayo. Umzekelo "Ungeze ngolwazi lwakho ngesini esandulelayo?"Unokucima"Ngaba kukhokelela kwiingxaki zobomi bakho bobulili?"Kungakhathaliseki ukuba ungacingi ukuba iziphumo ezintle ziyimiphumo emihle, azikho ngendlela elinganayo nomgangatho obuncitshisiweyo wobomi (ukulahlekelwa ngumsebenzi, ukuqhawula umtshato), okanye iingxaki zobomi bakho bobulili (u-dysfunction u-erectile, akukho ukuqhuba ngesondo).

Ngamanye amazwi, umtshato wakho unokutshatyalaliswa kwaye unokuba ne-ED engapheliyo, kodwa umlinganiselo wakho we-PCES unokukwazi ukubonisa ukuba unobungqina obuselula bubukhulu kuwe. Njengomntu ophinda abuyele umsebenzisi osisitabane wathi emva kokubukela Imibuzo ye-47 PCES: "Yeh, ndiye ngaphuma eyunivesiti, ndafumana iingxaki kunye nezinye izidakamizwa, ndingazange ndibe nentombi, ndilahlekelwe ngabahlobo, ndibe netyala, ndisenayo i-ED kwaye ndingazange ndilale ngesini. Kodwa ubuncinci ndiyazi malunga neenkwenkwezi zoononongo kwaye ndiza kukhawuleza kuzo zonke izikhundla ezahlukileyo. Ngoko ke, ngokugqithiseleyo i-pornography iye yaphucula ubomi bam. "

UBaćak a, V., kunye no Štulhofer, A. (2011). Ukuphulula amalungu esini phakathi kwabafazi abancinci abasebenza ngokwesondo eCroatia: Ukudibana nenkolo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamanyala. Ijenali yaMazwe ngaMazwe yezeMpilo yezeSondo, 23 (4), 248-257. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Ilungu loMbutho u-Alexander Stulhofer. Ucaphulo olungakumbi lokwehla kwamandla emali. Isifundo asixeleli kwanto malunga nokuba “ngaba kukuphulula amalungu esini okanye iifilimu”. Umanyano lwaluchanekile kwisishwankathelo sabo:

I-60% yabathathi-nxaxheba bathetha ukugcoba. Ukusetyenziswa kwezithombe zoonografi kwakunamandla kakhulu, ngokuqinisekileyo kudibaniswa ne-masturbation.

Ithini le nto malunga nokuba "iphonografi okanye ukuphulula amalungu esini" ngasemva kolwaneliseko lobuhlobo? Akukho nto.

I-Hald, GM (2006). Ukwahlukana ngokobulili ekusebenziseni imifanekiso engamanyala phakathi kwabantu abadala abangamaDanish abanesibini. Imiqulu yokuziphatha ngokwesondo, i-35 (5), i-577-585. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Ucaphulo olungakumbi lokwehla kwamandla emali. Kwakhona, isifundo asixeleli nto malunga nokuba "kukuphulula amalungu esini okanye iifilimu". Umanyano lwaluchanekile, kuloo minyaka yobudala yokuvezwa kwe-porn yayihambelana nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwe-porn njengezifundo ezindala:

Xa kuthelekiswa nabasetyhini, amadoda afunyaniswa kwiinkcanya zoononophala ebuncinci, asebenzisa amaninzi engcolileyo njengoko alinganiswa ngexesha kunye nokuphindaphindiweyo, kwaye asebenzise iinthombe zoononografi ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngexesha lokwebelana ngesondo.

Ezi ziphumo zikwazi ukutolika ngokulula njengoko kubonakala kwangaphambili ukukhokelela ekusebenziseni ukusetyenziswa koononophelo, okuwuphawu lwesenzo, okanye kwenkqubo yokulutha.

Ley, D., Prause, N., kunye noFinn, P. (2014).Umlawuli akanalo iingubo: Ukuhlaziywa kwe-pornography addiction'model. Imibiko yezempilo yesondo, i-6 (2), i-94-105. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Amalungu Alliance David Ley, uNicole Prause, uPeter Finn. Kugqityiwe ngo-2o13, epapashwe ekuqaleni kuka-2014. Ayilulo uphononongo lokwenene loncwadi. Olu lulandelayo luhlalutyo olude kakhulu uluvo lukaDavid Ley, oluhamba ngomgca-ngomgca, ucaphula ngokubonisa zonke iishenanigans Ley, Prause & Finn ezibandakanyiweyo "kuphononongo" lwabo: Umlawuli akanalo iingubo: iFairytale echithweyo ibeka iNgxelo. Ikhupha ngokupheleleyo oko kubizwa ngokuba kukuphononongwa, kunye namaxwebhu amaninzi abonisa gwenxa uphando abalukhankanyileyo. Eyona nto yothusayo kuphononongo lukaLey kukuba ishiye ZONKE izifundo ezininzi ezichaze iziphumo ezibi ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwe-porn okanye ukufumanisa ukuba likhoboka le-porn!

Ewe ufunda ilungelo. Ngelixa befuna ukubhala uphononongo lwe "njongo", i-Ley & Prause yalungisa ukushiya amakhulu ezifundo ngenxa yokuba ezi yayizizifundo ezinxulumene noko. Qikelela ukuba? Phantse zonke izifundo zoononophala zihambelana, kubandakanywa nezo zikhankanywe, kwaye zisetyenziswe kakubi. Ngokulula, Ley et al., 2014 Iiphepha zophando lweDenier's Alliance iphepha: Kukhethwe amaphepha ambalwa e-cherry, ahlala engenamsebenzi kwaye akhankanywa gwenxa- ngelixa lonke uphononongo, lonke uhlalutyo lweemeta, kunye nazo zonke iziphumo zokunika ingxelo ngeziphumo ezibi ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa kwe-porn kushiyiweyo. Okokugqibela, oku kucaphula nje ukunyuka kwamaxabiso njenge Ley et al. iyasilela ekuphenduleni eli candelo licinga ukuba: “Ngaba iFilimu okanye i-Masturbation?".

Uluvo lwengcali lokwenene? Jonga uphononongo lwamva nje olusekwe kwi-neuroscience kuncwadi nakwimagqabantshintshi aphikisana neziqinisekiso ezingaxhaswanga nguLey / Prause / Finn:

  1. Ukuphononongwa ngokucokisekileyo kuncwadi lwe-neuroscience olunxulumene neziyobisi ezingaphantsi kweziyobisi kwi-Intanethi, kugxilwe ngokukodwa kwi-intanethi yeziyobisi, bona- I-neuroscience ye-Intanethi yezoLimo: Ukuhlaziywa kunye nokuhlaziywa (2015). Ukuphononongwa kwakhona kugxeka izifundo ezibini zamva nje zokubamba izifundo ze-EEG ezichaza ukuba "zilahlekile" iziyobisi ezingamanyala.
  2. Ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo njengeSifo: Ubungqina boVavanyo, ukuxilongwa, kunye neempendulo kwabahlalutyi (2015), elinika isatifiketi esithatha iigxeka ezithile kwaye unikezela izikhalazo ezibaphikisayo.
  3. Ngaba ukuziphatha koSondo okunyanzelekileyo kufuneka kuthathelwe ingxaki? (2016) -Uphononongo loncwadi ngoososayensi abagqwesileyo abaphezulu kwiiyunivesithi zaseYale naseCambridge
  4. Indlela yokuziphatha ngokwezesondo ngokunyanisekileyo njengengxaki yokuziphatha: Impembelelo ye-intanethi kunye nezinye iziganeko (2016) -Ukwanda kolu hlaziyo lungentla.
  5. Isiseko se-Neurobiological of Hysexualality (2016) - Ngamazinyululwazi kwi-Max Planck Institute
  6. I-Cybersex Addiction (2015) -Nzazinzulu zaseJamani ezipapashe elona nani likhulu lezifundo malunga nokulutha kwe-cybersex
  7. Ngaba iinthombe zoononopasho ze-intanethi zibangelwa izidakamizwa zesondo? Ukuphononongwa ngeeNgxelo zeKliniki (2016) -Uphononongo olubanzi loncwadi olunxulumene neengxaki zesini ezibangelwa isondo. Ukubandakanya oogqirha bamanzi baseMelika, uphononongo lubonelela ngedatha yamva nje ebonisa ukunyuka okukhulu kwiingxaki zolutsha kulutsha. Ikwajonga kwakhona izifundo ze-neurological ezinxulumene neziyobisi ezingamanyala kunye nemeko yesondo nge-Intanethi. Oogqirha banikezela ngeengxelo ezi-3 zekliniki zamadoda aphuhlise ukungasebenzi kakuhle ngokwesondo
  8. Ukuhlanganiswa kwengqondo kunye neurobiological malunga nokuphuhliswa nokugcinwa kweengxaki ezithile zokusebenzisa i-intanethi: Ukusebenzisana koMntu-Othintekayo-Ukuqonda-Indlela yokuSebenza (2016) -Ukujongwa kwakhona kweendlela ezisisiseko sophuhliso kunye nokugcinwa kokuphazamiseka ekusebenziseni i-Intanethi, kubandakanya "i-Intanethi-iphonografi- ukubukela ukungaboni kakuhle"
  9. Ukukhangela ukucaca kwamanzi anamatye: ukujonga okuzayo malunga nokuziphatha okubi ngokwesondo (2016) - Amacatshulwa: Sisandul 'ukujonga ubungqina ngokubeka isenzo sokunyanzelisa ngokwesondo (CSB) njengento engekho yobutyebi (ukuziphatha). Uphononongo lwethu lufumene ukuba i-CSB yabelana ngekliniki, i-neurobiological kunye ne-phenomenological efana neengxaki zokusebenzisa izidakamizwa. Nangona i-American Psychiatric Association inqatshelwe ingxaki ye-hypersexual ephuma kwi-DSM-5, ukuxilongwa kwe-CSB (i-sex-drive excessively) ingenziwa nge-ICD-10. I-CSB iphinda iqwalaselwe yi-ICD-11.
  10. Ukuqhathaniswa ngokwesondo kwi-Neurobiological of Addictions, i-Oxford Press (2016)
  11. I-Neuroscience Isondela kwi-Internet ye-Pornography Addiction (2017) - Inkcazo: Kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo, uphando oluninzi lweendlela ze-neuroscientific approach, i-imagination magontic resonance imaging (fMRI), lwenziwe ukuze kuhlolwe i-corral correlates yokubukela iphonografi ngaphantsi kweemeko zokulinga kunye ne-coral coralates yokusetyenziswa koonografi okugqithisileyo. Ukunikezelwa kweziphumo zangaphambilini, ukusetyenziswa kwamanyala angaphantsi kwezinto ezingcolileyo kunokuxhunywa kwiinkqubo ze-neurobiological ezaziwa ngaphambili ekuphuhliseni izilingo ezinxulumene neziyobisi.
  12. I-neurobiology ye-Pornography Addiction - Uhlolo lweklinikhi (UDe Sousa kunye noLodha, 2017) - Amacatshulwa: Ngokubanzi, amaqaku e-59 atyunjwe okubandakanya ukuphononongwa, ukuphononongwa kwimizuzu kunye namaphepha ophando olusisiseko kwimicimbi yokusetyenziswa koononografi, ukuxilonga kunye neurobiology. Amaphepha ophando ahlaziywe apha ayekwiindawo ezichasene nesiseko se-neurobiological sokunyangwa koonografi. Oku kwaxhaswa ngokuqhubekayo kunye nolwazi lwabomi bebliniki bobabini abalobi abasebenza rhoqo nezigulane apho ukugqithiswa koonografi kunye nokubukela kuyimpawu ebandezelayo.
  13. Ngaba ukuziphatha ngokwezesondo ngokugqithiseleyo kuyinkinga yomlutha? (2017) - Amacatshulwa: Uphando kwi-neurobiology ye-compulsive disorder behavior disorder iye yavelisa iziphumo ezinxulumene nokukhawuleza, ukuxhaswa kweengqondo, kunye ne-brain-based cec reactivity ebonisa ukufana okufana nezidakamizwa. Siyakholelwa ukuba udidi lwesifo sengqondo sokunyanzelisa ngokwesondo njengengxaki yokulahla i-addictive disorder ihambelana nedatha yakutshanje kwaye inokuncedisa iikliniki, abaphandi kunye nabantu abachaphazelekayo kwaye bachaphazelekayo ngokwabo.
  14. Ubungqina bePudding buyinkqubo yokutya: Iinkcukacha zifunekayo ukuvavanya iipompile kunye neengcinga eziphathelele kwizinto eziphathekayo zoxhatshazo ngokwesondo (2018) - Amacatshulwa: Phakathi kwezikhundla ezingabonisa ukuba kufana phakathi kwe-CSB kunye neengxaki zokulutha umlutha zifundo ze-neuroimaging, ngezifundo eziliqela zakutshanje ezishiywe nguWalton et al. (I2017). Izifundo zokuqala zazisoloko zivavanya i-CSB ngokubhekisele kwiimodeli zokulutha (kuhlolwe kwiGola, Wordecha, Marchewka, & Sescousse, 2016b; IKraus, Voon, kunye nePotenza, 2016b).
  15. Ukukhuthaza uqeqesho lwezemfundo, ulwahlulo, unyango, kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo Inkcazo kwi: Ukukhubazeka ngokuziphatha ngokunyanisekileyo ngokwesondo kwi-ICD-11 (UKraus okqhubekayo., 2018) - Amacatshulwa: Isiphakamiso samanje sokuhlenga isifo se-CSB njengengxaki yokulawulwa kwempembelelo ingquzulwano njengemizekelo eminye eceliwe (Kor, Fogel, Reid, & Potenza, 2013). Kukho idatha ebonisa ukuba i-CSB yabelana ezininzi izinto kunye nezilingo (UKraus et al., 2016), kubandakanywa nedatha yakutshanje ebonisa ukunyuka kwe-reactivity yeziganeko zobuchopho ezinxulumene nomvuzo ekuphenduleni iziqulatho ezinxulumene nesishukumiso esithintekayo (Brand, Snagowski, Laier, kunye neMaderwald, 2016; IGola, iLizwiecha, iMarchewka, kunye neSescousse, 2016; UGola et al., 2017; IKlucken, Wehrum-Osinsky, iSchweckendiek, iKruse, kunye neStark, 2016; IVoon et al., 2014.
  16. Indlela yokuziphatha ngokwesondo ngokubambisana nabantu kunye neeModeli eziPhambili (i-2018) - Amacatshulwa: Ukuziphatha ngokwezesondo ngokweqhinga (CSB) kuthethwa ngokubanzi njengengxaki yokuziphatha, kwaye iyingozi enkulu kwimpilo yobomi kunye nempilo yengqondo kunye nengqondo. Ekugqibeleni, oku kuhlaziywa kusishwankathe iinjongo zokuziphatha kunye ne-neuroimaging kwi-CSB yabantu kunye nokungahambisani nokunye ukuphazamiseka, kuquka nokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi. Ngokubonke, ezi zifundo zibonisa ukuba i-CSB idibaniswa nokuguqulwa komsebenzi kwi-corsex yangaphambili ye-cingulate kunye ne-prefrontal, i-amygdala, i-striatum, kunye ne-thalamus, ngaphezu kokunciphisa uxhumano phakathi kwe-amygdala kunye ne-prefrontal cortex.
  17. Izidakamizwa zesondo kwi-Intanethi Era (2018) - Inkcazo: Phakathi kwezilingo zokuziphatha, ukusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi kunye ne-intanethi ye-intanethi yokusetyenziswa kwezinto eziphangaleleyo zidlalwa ngokubhekiselele kwimingcipheko yesifo soxhatshazo ngokwesondo, kaninzi kungekho nomda ocacileyo phakathi kwezi zimbini. Abasebenzisi be-intanethi bayakhangelwa kwi-intanethi ye-intanethi ngenxa yokungaziwa, ukukwazi ukufikelela, nokufikeleleka, kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi ukusetyenziswa kwayo kungahokelela abasebenzisi ngokusebenzisa ukuxilonga kwe-inthanethi: kule miba, abasebenzisi banakho ukulibala inxaxheba "yokuziphendukela kwemvelo" yesini, ukufumana ngakumbi uvuyo kwizinto ezikhethiweyo zesondo ngokuzikhethela ngokwesondo.
  18. Iinkqubo ze-neurocognitive in disorder of behavior behavior disorder (2018) - Inkcazo: Okwangoku, uphando oluninzi lwe-neuroimaging ngokuziphatha ngokunyanisekileyo kwezesondo lubonelele ubungqina beendlela ezigqithisileyo ezibangelwa ukuziphatha okubi ngokwesondo kunye neziyobisi ezingekho zesondo. Ukuziphatha ngokunyanisekileyo ngokwesondo kuhambelana nokusebenza okutshintshileyo kwingingqi yengqondo kunye noonxibelelwano olubandakanyekayo ekukhuliseni, ukuhlala, ukuguqulwa komtsalane, kunye nokuhlaziywa komvuzo kwiipatheni ezinjengezinto, ukugembula, kunye nemilutha yokudlala. Iingingqi eziphambili zengqondo ezixutywe kwiimpawu ze-CSB ziquka i-cortices yangaphambili neyexeshana, i-amygdala, kunye ne-striatum, kuquka ne-nucleus accumbens.
  19. Ukuqonda ngoku kwangoku i-Neuroscience ye-Ethics ye-Sexual Behavior Disorder and Problematic Pornography Sebenzisa - Inkcazo: Izifundo ze-neurobiological zamva nje ziye zabonisa ukuba ukuziphatha okunyanzelekileyo ngokwesondo kuhambelana nokuguqulwa kwezinto zesini kunye nokwahlukana kobunzobuchopho kunye nomsebenzi. Nangona izifundo ezimbalwa ze-neurobiological ze-CSBD ziqhutyelwe ukuza kube yimhla, idatha ekhoyo ibonisa ukuba i-neurobiological engaqhelekanga yabelana ngokubambisana nezinye izongezo ezifana nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kunye neengxaki zokugembula. Ngaloo ndlela, idatha ekhoyo ibonisa ukuba ukuhlelwa kwayo kulungele ukulungiswa kokuziphatha kunokubangela ingxaki yokulawula.
  20. I-Ventral Striatal Reactivity kwizinto ezithintekayo zesondo (2018) - Inkcazo: Phakathi kwezifundo ezikhoyo ezikhoyo, sakwazi ukufumana iimpapasho ezithoba (iThebhile 1) esetyenziselwa ukuboniswa kwemifanekiso yamagnetic. Ezine kuphela kwezi (36-39) ngokuphandle ngokuphandlelwa ukucwangciswa kweengongoma kunye / okanye imivuzo kunye neziphumo ezichazwe ngokuphathelele ekusebenziseni kwe-ventral striatum. Izifundo ezintathu zibonisa ukwanda kwe-ventral reactivity kwi-stimuli yokunyusa (36-39) okanye ucacise ukuqikelela ukuchithwa kwelo hlobo (36-39). Ezi ziphumo zihambelane neNtshukumo yokuThuthukiswa kweSali (IST) (28), esinye sezikhokelo ezibalaseleyo ezichaza ubuchopho obusebenzayo kumlutha.
  21. Ukuxhatshazwa koThutho lwe-intanethi: Yintoni esiyayaziyo kunye nento esiyiyiyo-Ukuhlolwa kweNkqubo (2019) - Inkcazo: Njengokuba sisazi, iinjongo zezifundo zakutshanje zixhasa le nkampani njengomlutha kunye nemibonakalo ebalulekileyo yekliniki ezifana nokungaxhatshazwa ngokwesondo kunye nokunganeliseki kwengqondo. Ubuninzi bomsebenzi okhoyo usekelwe kuphando olufanayo olwenziwe kwizilonda zomzimba, ngokusekelwe kwingcamango yecalografi ekhompyutheni njengento ephakamileyo yezinto eziphathekayo, eziqhubekayo, ezinokuthi ziqhubeke nokusetyenziswa, zingabangela ingxaki yomlutha.
  22. Imvelaphi kunye nokuphuhliswa kweziyobisi zoononophelo kwi-intanethi: izizathu zokuthintela ngabanye, iindlela zokuqiniswa kunye neendlela ze-neural (2019) - Inkcazo: Ixesha elide loonografi e-intanethi lenze ukuba abantu abanjalo bazivelele kwiinkcukacha zoonografi ezinxulumene ne-intanethi, eziye zaholela ekukhuliseni ukuthanda, ukusetyenziswa ngokunyanzeliswa kweentengiso zoonografi phantsi kwezinto ezibini zesilingo kunye nokukhubazeka komsebenzi. Ingqiqo yokwaneliseka etholakalayo kuyo iyancipha kwaye iyancipha, ngoko-ke iifoto-mifanekiso zoonopopasho ze-intanethi ziyadinga ukugcina isimo sengqondo esidlulileyo kunye nokuba ngumlutha.
  23. Ithiyori, ukuthintela, kunye nonyango lokusebenzisa iphonografi (2019) - Inkcazo: Isithintelo sokuziphatha ngokwesondo okunyanzelekileyo, kubandakanya ingxaki yokusebenzisa iphonografi, ibandakanyiwe kwi-ICD-11 njengengxaki yokulawula ukunganyanzelekanga. Inkqubo yokuqonda oku kuphazamiseka, nangona kunjalo, ifana kakhulu neendlela zokuphazamiseka ngenxa yokuziphatha ngokulutha… Uqwalaselo lwethiyori kunye nobungqina bobuchwephesha bubonisa ukuba iinkqubo zengqondo kunye ne-neurobiological process ezichaphazelekayo ekuphazamisekeni komlutha ziyasebenza nasekuphazamiseni ukusetyenziswa kwephonografi.
  24. Ukusetyenziswa kwesiqu seNgcaciso yePhupha lePhonografi: Umzekelo oHlanganisiweyo ovela kuPhando lweeNdawo zoPhando kunye neNdawo yokuzijonga kwindalo (ka-2019) - Inkcazo: Ukuzibona kunengxaki yokusebenzisa iphonografi kubonakala kunxulumene neeyunithi ezininzi zohlalutyo kunye neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo kwinto ephilayo. Ngokusekwe kwiziphumo zangaphakathi kwe-RDoC paradigm echazwe ngasentla, kuyenzeka ukuba kubekho imodeli yokudibana apho iiyunithi ezahlukeneyo zohlalutyo zichaphazela enye nenye (umfuziselo 1). Olu tshintsho kwiindlela zangaphakathi nezokuziphatha phakathi kwabantu abane-SPPPU ziyafana nezo zijongwa ebantwini abanobukhoboka beziyobisi, kunye nemephu kwiimodeli zokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi.
  25. Iziyobisi ngobuxhakaxhaka beCybersex: isishwankathelo sophuhliso kunye nonyango lwesifo esivele savela (2020) - Amacatshulwa: CI-ybersex yeziyobisi kunye neziyobisi ezingabalulekanga ezinxulumene neziyobisi ezichaphazela ukubandakanyeka kwezesondo kwi-Intanethi. Kule mihla, iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto ezinxulumene nezesondo okanye iphonografi ziyafikeleleka ngokulula kwimidiya ye-intanethi. E-Indonesia, iintlobano zesini zihlala zithathwa njengezikhohlakeleyo kodwa uninzi lwabantu abancinci luye lwaboniswa imifanekiso engamanyala. Ingakhokelela kumlutha kunye neziphumo ezininzi ezimbi kubasebenzisi, ezinjengobudlelwane, imali, kunye neengxaki zengqondo ezinje ngokudakumba okukhulu kunye nokudakumba koxinzelelo.
  26. Zeziphi iimeko ekufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo njengeziphazamiso kuHlelo lwaMazwe ngaMazwe lweZifo (ICD-11) Ukonyulwa kwezinye “iingxaki ezithile ezichaziweyo ngenxa yeziyobisi eziLuthayo”? (2020) - Amacatshulwa: Idatha evela kwingxelo yakho yokuzibandakanya, yokuziphatha, electrophysiological, kunye neuroimaging zibonisa ukubandakanyeka kweenkqubo zokusebenza kwengqondo kunye nokusekelwa okungaphantsi kolungelelwaniso lwe-neural kuphandwe kwaye kwasekwa kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo okwahlukana kokusebenzisa iziyobisi kunye nongxaki yokungcakaza / yokudlala (inqaku 3). Imekobume eboniswe kuphononongo lwangaphambili ibandakanya ukulungiswa kwakhona komnqweno wokuhamba nezinto ezandisiweyo kwimisebenzi yobuchopho enxulumene nomvuzo, umkhethe onomdla, ukuthatha izigqibo okungalunganga, kunye (nolawulo oluchaziweyo).
  27. Ubume boLungiso lweZinto eziZinyanzelisayo zokuSebenzisa iZondo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweengxaki ze-Intanethi kwi-Intanethi: Uphengululo - Amacatshulwa: Iziphumo ezifumanekayo zibonisa ukuba kukho amanqaku aliqela e-CSBD kunye ne-POPU ahambelana neempawu zokulutha, kwaye ungenelelo ngoncedo ekujoliseni isimilo kunye neziyobisi zikholelwa ekuqwalaseleni nasekwenzeni ukuxhasa abantu abane-CSBD kunye ne-POPU…. I-neurobiology ye-POPU kunye ne-CSBD ibandakanya inani lezinto ezabelwanayo ze-neuroanatomical kunye nokuchaphazeleka kokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, iindlela ezifanayo ze-neuropsychological, kunye notshintsho oluqhelekileyo lwe-neurophysiological kwinkqubo yomvuzo we-dopamine.
  28. Ukuziphatha gwenxa ngokwesondo: inkcazo, imeko yeklinikhi, iiprofayili ze-neurobiological kunye nonyango (i-2020) - Amacatshulwa: Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezingamanyala kuhambisa ukuqala kwengqondo kunye nokuziphatha ngokwesini. ukuphazamiseka kunye nobunzima bobudlelwane…

Kutheni le nto abaDeniers bengadwelisanga naliphi na kula maphepha ahlaziyiweyo apha ngasentla?

UClark, CA, kunye noWiederman, MW (2000).Isini kunye nokuphendula kubudlelwane bomlingani ogculelayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemithombo yeendaba ezesondo. Ijenali yoPhando lwezeSondo, 37 (2), 133-141. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Ukwanda kokunyuka kwamaxabiso - njengoko iphepha lingenanto yakwenza neli candelo licinga ukuba lilo: “Ngaba i-pornography okanye i-masturbation?"Oko kwathiwa, isishwankathelo soBambiswano saluphazamisa iziphumo ezifunyenweyo. Ukususela kwi-abstract:

Xa kuthelekiswa namadoda, abasetyhini babonisa iimvakalelo ezingalunganga malunga nokuziphatha bodwa kweqabane lakho ngokwesondo. Kwamadoda nabasetyhini, ukusetyenziswa kweqabane lezinto ezibonisa ezesondo kwakulinganiswa ngokungalunganga kunokuphulula amalungu esini. Ngokubhekiselele kwiimfanelo, kwakukho umahluko malunga nenkolelo malunga nokwaneliseka kwabalingani. Abaphenduli babenokubona ukusetyenziswa kweqabane lezinto ezibonisa ezesondo endaweni yokuphulula amalungu esini njengophawu lokungoneliseki liqabane lokuqala okanye ubudlelwane bezesondo.

Ukubeka ngokulula, amadoda nabasetyhini bafumana iimvakalelo ezimbi malunga nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwe-porn yeqabane kunakwindlela yabo yokuphulula amalungu esini.

UMiller, DJ, McBain, KA, Li, WW, kunye noRaggatt, PT (2019).Imifanekiso engamanyala, ukuthanda iphonografi-njengokwabelana ngesondo, ukuphulula amalungu esini, kunye nokwoneliseka kwamadoda ngokwesini kunye nolwalamano. Ubudlelwane bobuqu, 26 (1), 93-113. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Kwakhona, umanyano lushiya naziphi na iziphumo ezingalunganga. Eli phepha liqulethe into engathandabuzekiyo egxile kuvavanyo oluthandabuzekayo 'ukhetho lwezesondo njengakwisondo, ” kunye nokunciphisa iziphumo ezibalulekileyo: Ezi zombini izifundo (kungekhona nje ukufunda i-2) zixelele ukusetyenziswa koononophelo olunxulumene noxhatshazo olungaphantsi kwesondo kunye nolonwabo. Eli phepha lizama ukugxeka i-masturbation, ingabi ngoononophelo, ukungaxhatshali ubudlelwane, kodwa akukho ndlela efanelekileyo yokwehlisa i-masturbation ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa koonwabo. Amacatshulwa:

Ukusetyenziswa koonografi rhoqo kwakunxulunyaniswa nokungoneliseki ngokwesini, ukuthanda iphonografi njengokwabelana ngesondo, kunye nokuhlaziya amalungu esini rhoqo kuzo zombini izifundo. Ukusetyenziswa kwamanyala kunxulunyaniswa nolwaneliseko kubudlelwane kwiSifundo 2 kuphela. ” [eneneni ibizizifundo zombini]

Ukufunda ngokukhohlisa kuthi ukusetyenziswa koononophelo kuhambelana nolwalamano olungonelelwanga kwinqanaba le-2 kuphela. Bona iitafile zokufunda ngenyaniso. Miller et al., I-2019 ibandakanyiwe kuluhlu lwe-YBOP Izifundo ze-70 ezidibanisa ukusetyenziswa koononophelo ukuya kwisini esincinci kunye nokwaneliseka kobudlelwane.

I-Prause, N. (2019). I-Porn Porn is I-Archives of Sexual behavior, 1-7. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Ilungu leSivumelwano sikaNicole Prause. Isicatshulwa esinexabiso ngakumbi, njengoko ingesosifundo. Ingcezu yoluvo nengqokelela eqhelekileyo yezifundo ezikhethiweyo zetsheri kunye namabango angaxhaswanga okanye obuxoki. Njengazo zonke ezinye iziqwenga zoluvo ngabaDeliers, amagqabaza kaPrause ashiya i ukuxhamla ubungqina obuninzi ukuphikisana nommashmash wakhe oqhelekileyo weengongoma zokuthetha. Inkcazo ye Prause ngumzamo ongathandekiyo wokuhlambalalisa ezininzi iziphumo ezintle ezixhaswe ngokufanelekileyo kunye ne-intanethi. Umdumo ukhuthaza imbono yokuba ukusetyenziswa koononophelo kunenzuzo ngokwenene ... kuwo wonke umntu ... nangaliphi na ubudala. Ngaphandle kwezinto eziphathekayo malunga nokuzikhusela ezikhuselekileyo kubantwana (ngezansi), iincwadana zePrause azincinci kunezicatshulwa kunye neziqwenga zikopishwe kwiingxenye ezintathu zangaphambili ze-Prause, e-YBOP eziye zagxeka:

  1. Ukuhlalutya malunga nantoni nganye yokuthetha kunye ne-cherry-picking Study Prause, uKohut kunye noLey akhankanya, jonga olu calulo olubanzi lweqhosha le-2018 elipapashwe SLATE phephancwadi: Debunking "Kutheni Sisaxhalabe Ngokuphathelele Ukujonga Iidemon?? ", NguMarty Klein, uToylor Kohut, noNicole Prause.
  2. Ukuhlaziywa kwamabango kwincwadi ye-240 ye-Prause Lancet ubona lo mpendulo obanzi: Uhlalutyo "Iinkcukacha azixhaseli ngesondo njengomlutha"(Prause et al., 2017).
  3. I-YBOP sele isetyenziselwe iincinci zezifundo ezikhethiweyo, eziqhelekileyo ezingabalulekanga, kunye nezibango ezingathandabuzekiyo kwimpendulo yayo kwi-2016 ye-Prause "Ileta kumhleli": I-Critique ye: Ileta kumhleli "Prause et al. (2015) ukutshatyalaliswa kwangoku kwezabelo zokubakhoboka " (2016)

Le nkcazo idibanisa izifundo ezikhethiweyo kunye nezicelo ezingasekelwayo ezingabonakali kwezi zicatshulwa zilapha ngentla: I-Critique kaNicole Prause "I-Porn Porn is a Masturbation" (2019).

Perry, SL (2019). Ngaba ikhonkco phakathi kokusetyenziswa koononophala kunye nolonwabo olunxulumene nolwalamano lukhulu ngakumbi malunga nokugcoba? Iziphumo ezivela kwiiphando ezimbini zelizwe. Umbhalo woPhando loLwesini, i-1-13. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Ilungu likaSamuel uSerry. Umphandi wenkolo uPerry wapapasha oku Uhlalutyo olutshanje lweenkcukacha ezisetyenziswe kwenye yezifundo zakhe zangaphambili zoononophelo. Emva kobunzima bokubala "imodeli" uPerry wacetyise ukuba i-masturbation, ingasetyenziswanga yintlonelo, iyona nto yonyani kulwalamano. Ingqungquthela yokuhlalutya entsha kaPerry kukungabikho kolwazi oluchanekileyo, oluthembekileyo kwixesha lokugcoba, njengoko nje wabuza "Uphelile nini i-masturbate? "Ngaphandle kwedatha eqinileyo kwixesha eliqhelekileyo, ibango lakhe alikho ngaphezu kokucinga. Ukususela ekufundeni kukaPerry:

Ukuzibhenca. Bobabini i-NFSS kunye ne-RIA babuza imibuzo efana neyodwa malunga nokuhlambalaza ukuba umbhali unxulumene nomlinganiselo omnye wokuhlaziya umzimba. Abathathi-nxaxheba baqale babuzwa ukuba ngaba bakha i-masturbated (Ewe okanye Cha). Abo baphendule ukuba babesoloko bonyundela babuzwa, "Uphelile nini i-masturbate"Izimpendulo zenziwe ukusuka kwi-1 = namhlanje kwi-9 = ngaphezu konyaka odlulileyo.

UPerry uyaqhubeka:

"Nangona lo mbuzo awuyi kubuza malunga nokuvama ... .."

Akukho kudlala. Kwaye uPerry, Prause, Ley, Grubbs kunye nabanye ngoku benza izibango ezingaqhelekanga ezixhomekeke kulolu cwaningo oluzimeleyo, lithembele kule nkcukacha enkulu kakhulu. Umshishini we-propaganda umanyano ukhangele ngokupheleleyo malunga nokuhlaziywa kukaPerry. Ukuqinisekiswa kukaPerry kubalwa Izifundo ze-70 ezidibanisa ukusetyenziswa koononophelo ukunciphisa isondo kunye nokwaneliseka kobudlelwane -Ukufunda kukaPryry okwangokunxibelelanisa ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwe-porn kunye nolonwabo oluncinci. Kulungile, ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwe-porn kwakudityaniswa Ngaphantsi ulwalamano lobuhlobo kuzo zombini iisampulu zikaPerry (A & B):

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Amabango kaPerry ukuba angakwazi ukuhlukumeza ngokugqithiseleyo ukusetyenziswa kweentlobano zesilonda kwi-masturbation ayikwazi ukuthatyathwa ngokungathí sina - ingakumbi kuba wayenalo ulwazi oluchanekileyo lwe-masturbation frequency.

UWalton, MT, uLykins, AD, kunye noBhullar, N. (2016).Ukuvusa isondo kunye nesenzo somzimba wesondo: Impembelelo yokuqonda ukuxhatshazwa koxhatshazo. Imiqulu yokuziphatha ngokwesondo, i-45 (4), i-777-782. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Ayikho isifundo ngokwenene. Eli phepha lihlaziya kwakhona idatha endala evela kulungu leDenier Alliance uJames Cantor. Eli phepha labika ukuba ukuvuthwa ngokwesondo (ukuthanda, ukuziva i-horny) kudibene nomsebenzi wesondo. Ukungqubuzana. Kwinqanaba leengxoxo:

Ngako oko, ukuvuswa kwesondo kunokuthi kube yindlela enamandla yokwenza umsebenzi wezesondo kunokuba idatha evela kumanyathelo okunika ingxelo ngoxhatshazo, njengesiHBI.

Eli phepha alinanto enxulumene nalo mbuzo othi:Ngaba i-pornography okanye i-masturbation?"Nangona kunjalo, iziphumo zibonisa ukuba abanye abafumana amanqaku aphezulu" kwimibuzo yoxhatshazo "abanomdla wesini:

Nangona iziphumo zibonisa ukuba ukuvuswa kwesondo kunokubakho ukuqina komsebenzi wesondo ngokwesondo, ukutolika kwedatha kuya kuba nzima kuba umsebenzi wezocwangciso zentsholongwane yoxhatshazo oluxhomekeke kuzo luyahlukahluka kakhulu.

Iziphumo zihambelana namava amaninzi adla, awanakushukunyiswa ngamaqabane oqobo. Kwakhona idibanisa ingongoma engathethiweyo "inqweno yesini ephakamileyo" ichaza ukuxhatshazwa koonobumba okanye ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo (njengoko ubuncinci Izifundo ze-25 zikhohlisa ibango lokuba isini kunye neziyobisi ezingamanyala "banomnqweno ophezulu wesondo").

van Rouen, JH, Slob, AK, Gianotten, WL, Dohle, GR, van Der Zon, ATM, Vreeburg, JTM, & Weber, RFA (1996).Ukuvuswa kwesondo kunye nomgangatho wesini oveliswa yi-masturbation. Ukuzaliswa kwabantu, i-11 (1), i-147-151.Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Eli phepha alinanto enxulumene nombuzo othi: "Ngaba i-pornography okanye i-masturbation?”Nangona kunjalo, iziphumo zayo zixhasa impikiswano ye-YBOP yokuba ukuphulula amalungu esini kwimifanekiso engamanyala kukhuthaza ngakumbi kunokuphulula amalungu esini kwingcinga yakhe:

amanqaku aphakamileyo kakhulu anikwe 'ukuziva ukhululekile / ukhululekile', 'ukuvuswa kwesondo', 'umgangatho wokwakheka', 'ubunqweno be-orgasm', 'ukwaneliseka emva kwe-orgasm', kwaye 'ukunciphisa ukuba yeyiphi i-orgasm eyenziwe nge-VES (ngokucacileyo ngesondo vidiyo)

Enyanisweni i YBOP 'Qala apha' inqaku iqalisa ngophando olutshanje noluthile olufanayo, olubonisa amandla ahlangeneyo we-pornography kunye novelwano lwezesondo:

Oku kubizwa ngokuba Impembelelo yeCoolidge-Impendulo ngokuzenzekelayo kumlingane weeveli. Kuyathakazelisa, amadoda I-ejaculate ngaphezulu kwesidoda se-motile kwaye yenza ngokukhawuleza xa bejonga inkwenkwezi ye-porn inoveli. Impendulo enamandla ngokuzenzekelayo kwisimo esinobuchule obuthathakayo yiyiphi eyakuqala phantsi kwendlela ukufumana umlenze kwi-intanethi.

I-citation RealYBOP engekho mthethweni isekela isicatshulwa esisemthethweni seYBOP! Mbulelo. Ngendlela, izifundo ezininzi ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungaqondile zibonisa indlela i-video yezoonografi okanye i-intanethi yeyona nto ihluke ngokuthe ngqo kwi-pornatic static yexesha elidlulileyo:

Icandelo leSini soTyala

Umxholo / uqobo: Ngokufana namanye amacandelo, uninzi lwezifundo alunanto yakwenza nesihloko secandelo (Aboni ngokwesondo). Ukunyanzelwa ukuba siqikelele, kufuneka sicinge ukuba abaDeniers bazama "ukukhohlisa" naluphi na unxibelelwano phakathi kokusetyenziswa kwe-porn kunye nodlwengulo, ubundlobongela, ubundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesondo, iSexual Harassment, okanye ukunyanzelwa ngokwesondo. Ngelixa izifundo zichaza iziphumo ezingafaniyo, sixoxa ngokuthembela kwi-Alliance kwizifundo ezimbalwa ezikhethwe ngononophelo. Sikwabonelela ngezifundo ezininzi ezifanelekileyo ezilahliweyo ngabom. Amanqaku amabini akutshanje athetha ngamanqaku amaninzi e-Alliance:

Ngokwenene i-Alliance ibhekiselele kwiinkalo ezimbalwa zezifundo ezihambelana nezinguqu kwizinga lokudlwengulwa lizwe, kunye nokutshintshwa okutshintshileyo kwi-pornography. Ngokukhankanya iiphononongo ezibandakanya amazwe ambalwa akhethiweyo, abaDeniers abahlukeneyo baye baxela ngokungathandabuzeki ukuba ukuhlaselwa kobundlobongela bezesondo ngokwemvelo kunqabile njengokuba i-pornography iya kufinyeleleka ngakumbi kuluntu. Ngezantsi sihlaba izimbobo kule ngqinisiso.

# 1 - Kuthekani ngezinye izinto eziguquguqukayo? Ulungelelwaniso alulingani. Zininzi nezinye izinto eziguquguqukayo ezinokubangela ukwehla kwezinga lokudlwengula okuchaziweyo kumazwe akhethekileyo. Eyona nto ibonakalayo edlalayo edlala indima yokuba amazwe aphucukileyo afumene ukwehla (nge100K yabemi) kwi Iqela elidala kakhulu linokwenza ubugebengu bobulili (12-34) njengabantu abaneminyaka elidala. Njengoko unokubona kwigrafu, amazinga ase-US zonke Ubugebengu obundlobongela babecala nge-1990, kwaye ke benqaba ukuya kwi-2013, nini Amanani okudlwengula aqale ukunyuka. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba amazinga okudlwengulwa ayancipha ubuncinci (kwiintlobo zolwaphulo-mthetho) ngeli xesha:

Ukwehla kolwaphulo-mthetho obundlobongela kuhambelana nokunyuka kwepesenteji yabantu abalupheleyo, kunye nokunciphisa okuhambelanayo kwiqela elidala kakhulu elinokwenza ubugebengu obundlobongela. Olu tshintsho lwabantu luye lwavela kwiintlanga ezininzi "zehlabathi lokuqala". Okokuqala, ukusabalaliswa kwabantu be-1990 ngeminyaka. Qaphela inani labantu kwiminyaka yobudala be-15-44.

Okulandelayo, ukusasazwa kwe-2015 yabemi ngokudala. Phawula ukwehla kwamanqanaba amaninzi amaninzi afana nobudlova obundlobongela, kwaye abantu abadala badala njani ipesenteji enkulu kunabantu.

Ezi nguqu zingasentla zinokubangela ukwehla kwamazinga odlwengulo (achazwa ngokwesiqhelo “ngenani le-X labemi”). Umphandi uNeil Malamuth uphendule kuluhlu olukhulu lwezesondo kumaphepha kaMilton Diamond (atyunjwe nguMbutho njengobungqina bamabango abo angenangqondo):

Umba oHlanganisiweyo -I-Intuitively, kubonakala ngathi yenza ingqiqo enkulu ukuba eyona nto iphambili "eyona nto iphambili" yinto ebonakala ngathi iyenzeka "kwilizwe lokwenyani" (umzekelo, amaqondo olwaphulo-mthetho olunobundlobongela) njengogonyamelo losasazo kunye / okanye ukusetyenziswa gwenxa yanda ngokuhamba kweminyaka. Ndicinga ukuba ngokuchaseneyo, iingxaki ngokujonga oku zikhulu kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuba kufikelelwe kuso nasiphi na isizathu kunye neziphumo ngokujonga idatha ehlanganisiweyo. Umzekelo, jonga lo mbutho ulandelayo: Inani lemipu e-US kunye neqondo lolwaphulo-mthetho.

Njengoko kubonisiwe kwinqaku elilandelayo Pew: Amanani okubulala adibanwe kwisithuba sexesha elidlule kwi-20 iminyaka njengoko inani lemipu e-US lonyuke kakhulu kule minyaka ingamashumi amabini idlulileyo, izinga lokubulala liye lehla kakhulu. Bangaphi kuthi abakulungeleyo ukugqiba ukuba ukubakho kwemipu yinto elungileyo kwaye kube negalelo ekunciphiseni ukubulala, njengoko abanye beya kukhawuleza ukugqiba? UDrew Kingston kwaye ndixoxa ngalo mbandela ngokubanzi ngoku kulandelayo: Iingxaki zoLwazi kunye nokuBaluleka koMmehluko woBuntu kwiSifundo soTyhila noThathozo lwezesondo (2010).

Idatha yesigqeba semveli ngokuphathelele ukusetyenziswa koonografi nokusetyenziswa kolwaphulo-mthetho (umzekelo, umsebenzi obalulekileyo uMickey Diamond) sele ufunyenwe, ngolwazi lwam, kuphela eDenmark naseJapan. Kuloo mazwe amabini, ngokuqhelekileyo kukho izinga eliphantsi kakhulu lolwaphulo-mthetho olunobucholi. Sinokulindela ngokusekelwe kulolu datha kunye neminye imithombo emininzi yedatha ela mazwe, kunabantu abancinci abasengozini yokwenza ulwabizo ngokwesini (ngaphakathi kwenkcubeko nangemiqathango engekho yemfazwe). Ngoko ke, kumxholo weZibonelelo ze-Confluence Model, kumazwe afanelekileyo siya kubalisela okwenyukayo okanye ukungabi nakwanda kwintlondi yesondo njengoko ukufumaneka koonografi kwanda, njengoko iDayim kunye nabahlobo baxelele.

Khumbula, ukuba amadoda esiwafundayo e-USA afana nomngcipheko ophantsi awubonakali naluphi na ukunyusa ukunyuka kwanokuba kusetyenziswe imifanekiso engamanyala. Njengoko ndandivavanya phambili, njengoko ndatshilo ngaphambili, mna noMartin Hald safumanisa ukuba nakwiDenmark, amadoda ayenomngcipheko ophezulu ayenayo ngokwenene abonisa isimo sengqondo esikhulu sokwamkela ubundlobongela kubasetyhini njengomsebenzi wokubhenwa kwezilwanyana kwi-lab kwaye " umbutho "wehlabathi (jonga umshicilelo we-2015). Ndiya kuba nomdla kakhulu ukubona ukuba kuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba kukho utshintsho olukhulu ekufumanekeni kwezonografi kumazwe aneepesenti enkulu yamadoda anegunya eliphezulu kunye nokubandakanya, ukuziphatha ngokwesini, isimo sengqondo sokwamkela ubundlobongela kubasetyhini, ubundlobongela kubasetyhini, njl njl. ).

Ngaphezulu, amaxabiso olwaphulo-mthetho owaziwayo awangakuba kuphela "kokuxhomekeka" okuvavanyiweyo (jonga ngezantsi). Nangona amaJapan egwetyelwe ubundlobongela obujoliswe kwabasetyhini buphantsi kakhulu (kwaye amava am ambalwa kwiminyaka eyadlulayo ngexa ndandindwendwele iJapan ndacebisa ukuba abantu basetyhini bazive bekhuselekile xa behamba ngezitalato ebusuku) awona manqanaba aphakamileyo okudlwengulwa awenziwa ngolunye usuku ngamaJapan. amadoda (e-China kwisixeko Nanking). Yiyo loo nto, yakuba inkcubeko igunyazise ubundlobongela, ukufunyanwa kwezinto okunokubakho kunokuba kubonakale ngokucacileyo.  Ukongezelela, kwiJapan yangoku, kubonakala ngathi kukho nezinye iimbonakalo zento enokuthi ithathelwe ingqalelo kwizondo zobudlova kunye nezenzo ezihambelanayo kunye neengcinga eziphathelele kubasetyhini (umzekelo, umva ngo-2000, iimoto zikaloliwe ezizodwa zaziswa kubantu basetyhini ukulwa ukubethwa ngamadoda (chikan).

I-"Impendulo eHloniphekileyo" Inkcazo

Njengoko ndikhankanywe ngaphambili, i-Confluence Model igxile kwiingcinga zobundlobongela kunye neendlela zokuziphathekayo kumadoda kubantu bonke, ngokukodwa abafundi beekholeji. Ngokuqinisekileyo akukho nxaxheba kwabafundi abaye safunda. Ulwaphulo-mthetho olwaziwayo ngoko ke luyinto engafanelekanga. Njengengxenye yengxoxo yokusetyenziswa kwemodeli, sicebise kule minyaka idlulileyo ukuba xa kufikwa kubantu abagwetyiweyo, umfuziselo awusebenzi kangako njengoko kubonakala ngathi kula madoda "iimpawu ezichasene nentlalontle ngokubanzi" zinokubaluleka ngokuthe ngqo .

La madoda agwetyiweyo ahlala engabi "ziingcali" kodwa kunokwenzeka ngakumbi ukuba enze iintlobo ngeentlobo zolwaphulo-mthetho. Amanyathelo athe gqolo abonisa ukusebenziseka kwabo ekuxeleni kwangaphambili abo baxhaphaza abantwana ngokwesondo esibafundayo, (ubundlobongela kwabasetyhini, izimo zengqondo ezixhasa ubundlobongela kwabasetyhini, njl. Njl.) Azifunyaniswanga njengezichazayo ukuba zizaphuli mthetho ezaziwayo kule ndawo.

Nangona utshintsho kwizinga lokuhlukumeza ngokwesondo phakathi kwabafundi luya kusebenza, akucaci ukuba ngaba ngaba ngokwenene banyuke okanye banciphile kwiminyaka okanye nokuba sele beqwalasele ngakumbi umcimbi (Ndiya kucinga ukuba oku kubalulekile). Oku kuhambelana nolu "ngxaki": Nangona ukufumaneka koonografi kuye kwanda ngokugqithiseleyo kwiminyaka, ngexesha elifanayo kukho ukungenelela okungakumbi ukunciphisa ukuhlaselwa ngokwesondo nokunyusa ulwazi olufanelekileyo.

Phantse yonke iyunivesiti yesizwe ngoku iyalungiselele ukungenelela kuwo wonke umntu omtsha, into eyayingenjalo kwiminyaka edlulileyo. Ukucinga ukuba ezinye iimpembelelo zoshishino zingabangela inxaxheba ekunyuseni ukunyuswa kobulili, sinokuthi senze njani ukunyusa ukunyuka okuhambelanayo noluntu ngokugqithisa ngokwesini kunye nokungenelela okwenzekayo ngexesha elifanayo?

Olunye uguquko olubalulekileyo lubhekiselele (ngoku) ukuchaneka kwamanqaku anxulumene nolwaphulo-mthetho ngokwesondo.

#2 - Izifundo zityhila ukuba amazinga okudlwengulwa avame ukuxelwa. Kubalulekile ukugcina engqondweni ukuba ulwaphulo-mthetho lokudlwengulwa luhlala luphantsi kweengxelo. Kwanokuba iingxelo kumapolisa zingaphaya, njengoko eli phepha lenzululwazi yaseMzantsi United libonisa: Indlela Yokuqamba Amanqaku Okudlwengula: I-America's Hidden Rape Crisis Crisis (2014).

Ukusebenzisa le ndlela yokufunda ukucacisa ukuba ngaba abanye oomasipala bahluleka ukunika ingxelo yeenombolo ezichanekileyo zokudlwengula ezenziwe, Ndifumana ukuhlawula okubalulekileyo kweziganeko zokudlwengulwa ngamasebe amapolisa kulo lonke ilizwe. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba malunga ne-22% ye-210 yafunda amasebe amapolisi anoxanduva lwabantu abancinci be-100,000 banesitenxo esikhulu samanani okudlwengulwa kwedatha yokudlwengula ebonisa ukuhlawula ngokubanzi kwi-1995 ukuya kwi-2012. Ngokucacileyo, inani lamagunya angaphantsi kwamanani anyuke ngaphezu kwe-61% ngexesha leshumi elinesibhozo efundiswayo.

Ukulungiswa kwedata ukususa amapolisa ekuhlaliseni ngokuchithwa kwedatha kwizinga eliphezulu lokubulala, ukuhlolisisa ngokukhawuleza ukuba i-796,213 kwizikhalazo ze-1,145,309 zokudlwengulwa ngamagciwane amaxhoba amabhinqa ehlabathini lonke zanyamalala kwiirekhodi ezisemthethweni ezivela kwi-1995 ukuya kwi-2012. Ngaphezulu, idatha echanekileyo ibonisa ukuba ixesha lokufunda liquka ezilishumi elinesibhozo ukuya kwezilishumi elinesibhozo zamanani aphezulu okudlwengula njengoko ukulandelwa kwedatha kwaqala kwi-1930. Esikhundleni sokufumana "ukuhla okukhulu" ekudlwenguleni, iMelika iphakathi kweengxaki zokudlwengulwa ezifihliweyo.

#3 -amazwe amaninzi axele ukwanda kwamanani odlwengulo ngeli xesha linye. Umzekelo, izifundo ezivela eSpain naseNorway zinika ingxelo ngezinto ezifunyenweyo eziphikisana namabango kaDayimane (onke amkelwe yi-Alliance):

  • Ngaba ubundlobongela bezesondo buhlobene ne-Internet? Ubungqina obunobungqina obuvela eSpain (2009) - Ngcaciso: Ukusebenzisa indlela yedatha yepaneli kwiphondo yaseSpain ngeli xesha le-1998-2006, iziphumo zibonisa ukuba kukho ukutshintshwa phakathi kokudlwengula kunye ne-intanethi ye-intanethi, ngelixa i-intanethi ye-intanethi iphakamisa ezinye iindlela zokuziphatha ngokwesondo, ezifana nokuhlaselwa ngokwesondo.
  • Intanethi ye-Intanethi: I-Information Superhighway kwi-Crime Crime? (2013) - Inkcazo: Ngaba i-intanethi isebenzisa ubugebengu bobulili? Sisebenzisa idatha ekhethiweyo yaseNorway kulwaphulo-mthetho kunye nokuthotyelwa kwe-intanethi ukukhanyisa lo mbuzo. Inkqubo kawonkewonke eneemali ezincinci iqhube iindawo zokufikelela kwi-broadband kwi-2000-2008, kwaye inikezela ngokungafaniyo okungafaniyo kwi-intanethi. Uqikelelo lwethu lwezinto ezisetyenziswayo lubonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi kuhambelana nokunyuka okukhulu kwezo zombini iingxelo, iindleko kunye neenkolelo zokudlwengulwa kunye nolunye ulwaphulo-mthetho ngokwesini. Iziphumo zethu zibonisa ukuba umphumo ochanekileyo kwisondo lolwaphulo-mthetho ulungile kwaye awunyanzelwanga, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kweefografi.

Jonga le tafile yokudlwengulwa kwamaxabiso kwaye uya kubona ukuba akukho patheni yangempela yehlabathi (ibonisa ingxaki ngokuqokelela izibalo ezichanekileyo). Inye into eqinisekileyo, Idayimani ishiye amazwe amaninzi “anamhlanje” apho ukubakho kwamanani e-porn kunye nodlwengulo kuye kwanda ngaxeshanye, njengeNorway, Sweden, Costa Rica, New Zealand, I-Itali, i-Argentina, ne-Portugal, njl.

#4 - Amanani ka Izigwenxa zesondo ezikhulayo e-US nase-United Kingdom (ababini abakhulu kunabo bonke beShubhubhu). Ngoku ka manani amanani akhutshwe yi-FBI (jonga igrafu), inani lamadlwengulo (nge-100,000 labemi) liye landa ngokunyuka ukusuka kwi-2014-2016 (unyaka wokugqibela apho izibalo zikhoyo). E-UK, kwakukho izicwangciso zezesondo ze-138,045, ku-23%, kwiinyanga ze-12 ezandulela uSeptemba, i-2017. Sekunjalo, ngamaxesha afanayo:

#5 - Izifundo ukuvavanya abasebenzisi boononophelo abonakalisiweyo babonisa ukudibanisa phakathi koononophala kunye nokunyuswa kobundlobongela ngokwesondo, ukunyanzelisa nokunyanzelisa. Esikhundleni seenkalo ezininzi ezibuhlungu kakhulu kwiindawo ezimbalwa ezikhethiweyo, kuthekani malunga nezifundo zabasebenzisi abasebenzisayo be-porn belawulwa kwiimpawu eziguqukayo ezifanelekileyo? Njengawo onke amanye amacandelo e-Alliance, le nto ikhuphe ukuphononongwa okufanelekileyo kweencwadi kunye nokuhlaziya i-meta-, ngoko nantsi embalwa. (Ekupheleni kwecandelo sinikezela ngezifundo ezininzi ezikhutshwe nguMbutho.)

Uhlalutyo lwe-meta olushwankathela imiphumo yecalografi II: Ukunyanzeliswa emva kokutshatyalaliswa (1995) - Inkcazo:

Uqhube uhlalutyo lweemeta lwee-30 izifundo, ezipapashwe nge-1971-1985, ukuhlola umphumo wokubonakalisa i-pornography ngokuziphatha kakubi phantsi kweemeko zelabhoratri, ukuqwalasela iindidi ezahlukeneyo zokumodareyitha (inqanaba lokuvusa isondo, inqanaba lomsindo ongaphambili, uhlobo loonografi, ubulili be-S, ubulili kwinjongo yobugwenxa, kunye nolwasemasetyenziselwa ukuhambisa izinto).

Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba ubunqunu bobugcisa bubangela ukuziphatha okunobundlobongela okulandelayo, ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezibonakalisa ukuziphatha kakubi ngokwesondo kunokunyusa ukuziphatha kakubi, kwaye ukubonakaliswa kwezobugcisa zobundlobongela obunobundlobongela obangela ubugwenxa obuninzi kunezo zenzo zesini. Ayikho enye imodareyitha eyahlukileyo eyenza ukufumana okufanayo.

Uonografi kunye noxhatshazo ngokwesini: ngaba kukho imiphumo ethembekileyo kwaye sinokuyiqonda? (2000)- Inkcazo:

Ukuphendula kwamacandelo amacandelo atshanje, thina (a) sihlalutya iingxabano kunye nedatha echazwe kulabo bahlalutyi, (b) ukudibanisa ukufunyaniswa kweenkqubela zemibuzo emfutshane yokuhlola kunye nemvelo, kunye (c) nokuqhuba uhlalutyo lwamanani kwiisampuli ezinkulu. AAmanyathelo amathathu aza kuxhasana nobukho bemibutho ethembekileyo phakathi kokusetyenziswa koonografi rhoqo kunye nokuziphatha kakubi ngokwesondo, ingakumbi kwi-pornography enobudlova kunye / okanye kumadoda esengozini enkulu yokuxhatshazwa ngokwesini. Siphakamisa ukuba indlela abantu abanobudlova basichazela ngayo kwaye bayasabela njani kwimihlambini yezoonografi inokuthi ihluke kumadoda angenaggagressive, umbono owanceda ukudibanisa ukuhlalutya okwangoku ngokuthelekiswa kwabaphangi kunye nabangapheliyo kunye nophando lwezithethe.

Uhlalutyo lwe-meta lophando olushicilelweyo kwimiphumo yoonografi (2000) - Inkcazo:

Uhlalutyo lweemeta lwee-46 ezipapashiweyo zophando zenziwe ukujonga imiphumo yeentlophu zoononophala ngokwesini, ukubethelwa ngokwesini, ukuziphatha ngokuphathelele ubudlelwane obusondeleyo, kunye neengcinga malunga nobuxoki bokudlwengulwa. Ininzi yezifundo zenziwa e-United States (39; 85%) kwaye ihlelwe ngomhla we-1962 ukuya kwi-1995, kunye ne-35% (n = 16) epapashwe phakathi kwe-1990 kunye ne-1995, kunye ne-33% (n = 15) phakathi kwe-1978 kunye ne-1983 12,323. Ubungakanani beesampula bobukhulu be-12 abantu babene-meta-analysis current. Ubuninzi beempembelelo (d) zibhalwe kwiimfuno ezixhomekeke kuzo zonke izifundo ezipapashwe kwiphephancwadi yezemfundo, zineziqulathi zesayizi zeesampuli ze-XNUMX okanye ngaphezulu, kwaye ziquka iqela okanye iqhathaniso leqela.

Umndilili ongenakutyeba kunye nobunzima be-d yokuphambuka kwezesondo (.68 kunye .65), isenzo sokuziphatha ngokwesondo (.67 kunye .46), ubudlelwane obusondeleyo (.83 kunye .40), kunye neentsomi zokudlwengula (.74 kunye .64) zinika ubungqina obucacileyo. Ukuqinisekisa unxibelelwano phakathi komngcipheko okhulayo wophuhliso olubi xa ubonakalisiwe kwimifanekiso engamanyala. Ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukuba uphando kule ndawo lunokuhamba ngaphaya kombuzo wokuba iphonografi inefuthe kubundlobongela nasekusebenzeni kosapho.

Uphando kunye neempembelelo zokuziphatha ezinxulumene noonografi

I-Weaver (i-1993), ukuphikisana kubangelwa yimibono emithathu yemiphumo yokungaboniswa koonografi:

  1. Ukumelwa kwesondo njengendlela yokufunda ngokwembono yemfundiso yentlalo enxulumene nento ekudala yalelwa okanye ifihliwe (inkululeko) -ukuthintela, ukuziva unetyala, indlela yokuziphatha, ulungiso kwezesondo, zonke ezo zinto zinokupheliswa kwimifanekiso engamanyala (Feshbach, 1955). 2 Kutchinsky (1991) waphinda lo mbono, esithi inqanaba lokuhlaselwa ngokwesondo liye lehla xa iphonografi yenziwa yafumaneka ngokulula, isebenza njengohlobo lwevalvu yokhuseleko ethomalalisa uxinzelelo lwezesondo kwaye ngaloo ndlela inciphisa izinga lolwaphulo-mthetho ngokwesondo. Nangona kunokuxoxwa kakhulu, oko kuthethwa sesi siqendu kukuba iphonografi inikezela ngohlobo lokufunda oluthi, ngokombhali, lisuse umdlalo weqonga.
    Kuyaphikiswa kuba le ngxoxo ikwasetyenziswa ngabaxhasi benkululeko yokuthengisa ubuhenyu njengendlela yokunciphisa inani lokuhlaselwa ngokwesondo (McGowan, 2005; Vadas, 2005). Le ndlela yokucinga ijongela phantsi isidima somntu kunye nokuba kuthetha ntoni ukuba ngumntu. Eyona nto iphambili kukuba abantu abazizo iimveliso;
  2. Ukungcoliswa komntu, ngokuphambene nombono olandelelweyo, kunye nalapho iiporografi ziqala khona kunye neyona nto iphambili yabantu besifazane (Jensen, 1996; Stoller, 1991);
  3. Ukuhlengahlengiswa ngomfanekiso oko akuhambelani nenyani. Ukubeka nje, iphonografi inikezela ngombono wokunciphisa kakhulu ubudlelwane boluntu. Kuba lo mfanekiso awuyonto ngaphandle kothotho lweziganeko zesondo ezicacileyo, eziphindaphindayo nezinganyanisekanga, ukuphulula amalungu esini kwimifanekiso engamanyala kuyinxalenye yoluhlu lwezinto ezigqwethiweyo hayi eyokwenyani. Ezo zinto ziphosakeleyo zinokudityaniswa ziinguqu ezinamandla kunye neziguqukayo ze-criminogenic. Ukuvezwa rhoqo kukwenza buthathaka umntu ngokutshintsha ngokuthe ngcembe amaxabiso kunye nokuziphatha njengoko inkuthazo iba namandla (Bushman, 2005; Carich & Calder, 2003; Jansen, Linz, Mulac, & Imrich, 1997; Malamuth, Haber, & Feshbach, 1980; Padgett Kunye noBrislin-Slutz, 1989; USilbert & Pines, 1984; Wilson, Colvin, & Smith, 2002; Winick & Evans, 1996; Zillmann & Weaver, 1999).

Ngamafutshane, uphando oluqhutywe ukuza kuthi lube luboniswanga ngokucacileyo ngqo kunye nefuthe elichaphazelekayo phakathi kokusetyenziswa kwezinto zoononografi kunye nokuhlaselwa ngokwesondo, kodwa inyaniso ihleli ukuba abaphandi abaninzi bavumelana ngento enye: Ukuchitha ixesha elide kwizinto eziphathekayo zoonografi kufuneka ukuba unqande umntu. Oku kwaqinisekiswa nguLinz, uDonnerstein noPenrod ngo-1984, emva koko nguSapolsky kwangonyaka omnye, uKelley ngo-1985, uMarshall kwaza emva koko kwafika uZillmann ngo-1989, uCramer, uMcFarlane, uParker, uSoeken, uSilva, noReel ngo-1998, kutshanje, iThornhill kunye Palmer ngo-2001, kunye no-Apanovitch, u-Hobfoll kunye no-Salovey ngo-2002. Ngenxa yesiseko somsebenzi wabo, bonke abaphandi baphetha ukuba ukuchitha ixesha elide loonografi kunempembelelo yokulutha kwaye kukhokelela abaphulaphuli ukunciphisa ubundlobongela kwizenzo abazenzayo.

Iifografi kunye nezimo zengqondo ezixhasa uxhaphalo kwabasetyhini: ukuhlaziya ubuhlobo kwizifundo ezingaphelelanga (2010) - Inkcazo:

Uhlalutyo lwe-meta lwaluqhutyelwa ukuba lunqume ukuba iincwadi ezingabonakaliyo zibonakalise umbutho phakathi kokusetyenziswa kwamanyala eonografi kunye neengcinga zabo ezixhasa uxhaphalo lwabesetyhini. Uhlalutyo lwe-meta lulungise iingxaki nge-meta-analysis epapashwe ngaphambili kwaye yongezelela ukufunyanwa kwezinto zakutshanje. Ngokuphambene nokuhlaziywa kwe-meta-yangaphambili, Iziphumo zangoku zibonise ubudlelwane obuhle obubalulekileyo phakathi kokusetyenziswa kweentlobo zoononografi kunye nezimo zengqondo ezixhasa uxhaphalo kwabasetyhini kwizifundo ezingafaniyo. Ukongezelela, izimo zengqondo zafunyaniswa ukuba zihambelane ngokugqithiseleyo kunye nokusetyenziswa koononopopasho obundlobongela ngesondo kunokusetyenziswa koonopopasho olungabonakaliyo, nangona ubuhlobo obusondeleyo bufunyenwe bubalulekile.

Uphononongo luya kugqiba into ebonakala ngathi iyintlukwano yokukhathazeka kwincwadi yokujonga iifografi kunye nezimo zengqondo ezigwenxa ngokubonisa ukuba izigqibo ezivela kwizifundo ezingekho phantsi kweendawo zihambelana ngokupheleleyo kunye nezifundo zabo zokulinga. Oku kufumaniswe kubalulekileyo kwimpembelelo yonkcenkcesha kunye nogonyamelo.

Ukunyuswa kweshishini lokulala ngesondo kwixesha lokuphila ngokuqala nokuphindaphindiweyo kwesondo (2014) - Amacatshulwa:

Uphando luye lwahlola ukusetyenziswa koononografi kusetyenziswa ngokukrakra. Nangona kunjalo, akukho msebenzi oye wavavanya ukuba ngaba amanye amashishini oomsebenzi wesini achaphazela ulwaphulo-mthetho ngokwesondo. Ngokongezwa, umphumo wokunyuka kwezi zibonelelo aziwazanga. I-theory yokufunda yezenhlalakahle iqikelela ukuba ukuvezwa kufuneka kukhulise ukucaphukisa.

Ukudweba kwi-data ye-retrospective longitudinal, sivavanya okokuqala ukuba i-exposed exposure in adolescence idibene ne-young age; Siphinde sihlolisise nokuba ukukhutshwa komntu osemdala kudibaniswa nexesha elininzi lokukhubeka.

Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba ezininzi iintlobo zokubonakaliswa kwentsha kunye nokukhutshwa okupheleleyo zihlobene nokuqala kwangaphambili. Ukubonakaliswa ngethuba lokukhupha kwadibaniswa kunye nokunyuka okwenziwe ngokwesondo, kodwa umphumo wawuxhomekeke ku "hlobo."

IMeta-Uhlalutyo lokusetyenziswa koonografi kunye nezoqobo zezenzo zoBugcisa ngokuSondo Studies Population (2015). - Isicatshulwa:

Uhlolo-meta-uphando lweziphumo zophando lufumene imiphumo ekuphatheni okubi kunye nesimo sengqondo. Ukufunyanwa kwezinto ezingamanyala kunye neengcamango ezigwenxa kwizifundo zemvelo ziye zafunyanwa. Nangona kunjalo, akukho meta-uhlalutyo olubhekiselele kumbuzo oshukumisayo lo mzimba womsebenzi: Ngaba ukusetyenziswa koonografi kuhambelane nokwenza izenzo zangempela zesondo? Izifundo ze-22 ezivela kumazwe ahlukeneyo akwa-7 zahlaziywa. Ukusetyenziswa kwakunxulumene nobudlova ngokwesondo kwi-United States nakwamanye amazwe, phakathi kwamadoda nabesifazane, kunye nokufundiswa kwexesha kunye nexesha elide. Amanyano ayomelele ngokuthetha ngaphezu kwesondo, nangona bobabini bebalulekileyo. Umzekelo jikelele weziphumo uphakamise ukuba umxholo onobundlobongela unokuthi ube yinto enzima.

Iintsholongwane kunye noonografi: Ukuhlaziywa kwe-20 iminyaka yoPhando (2016) - Inkcazo:

Injongo yale ngongoma yayiwukucwangcisa uphando olusisigxina olupapashwe ngalo Iingxelo zeeNgesi ezihlaziywe ngontanga phakathi kwe-1995 ne-2015 malunga nobukho, ukuqikelela, kunye nefuthe lokusetyenziswa kolutsha kwimifanekiso engamanyala. Olu phando lubonise ukuba abakwishumi elivisayo basebenzisa iphonografi, kodwa amazinga okuxhaphaka ayahluka kakhulu. Ulutsha olwalusebenzisa iphonografi rhoqo lwalungamadoda, kwinqanaba eliphezulu kakhulu lokushicilela, abafuna ulwazi, kwaye babenobuthathaka okanye unengxaki yosapho. Ukusetyenziswa kwamanyala kwakudibene nezimo zesondo ezivunyelweyo kwaye zithambekele ekubeni zidibene neenkolelo zesini ezomeleleyo zesini. Kwakubonakala ngathi kuhambelana nokuvela kwesondo, ukufumana amava amaninzi kunye nokuziphatha okubi ngokwesondo, kunye nokuxhaphaza ngokwesondo, kokubili ngokubhekiselele nasekuhlaselweni.

Ukubikezela ukuHlaliswa koBundlobongela boSondo ngo-Adolescence (2017) - Inkcazo:

Emva kokulungiswa kweempawu ezinokuthi zithinteke, pukuxhatshazwa komsindo kwabazali bomtshato kunye nokuxhatshazwa kweentlobano zesini zobundlobongela zibandakanyeka ngokukhawuleza kwe-SV yokuzama ukudlwengula, ngaphandle koonobumba obunobundlobongela obunobundlobongela. Ukuziphatha okukhoyo ngoku kwakubandakanyeke kakhulu kuzo zonke iintlobo zetyala lokuqala le-SV ngaphandle kodlwengulo. Ukuxhatshazwa kwangaphambili kwezesondo kunye nokuhlukunyezwa okwangoku kokuxhatshazwa kwengqondo kubudlelwane bekungaphezulu kokuqikelela isenzo sokuqala se-SV, nangona sineendlela ezahlukeneyo.

Kolu phando lukamva lwesizwe lweentlobo ngeentlobo ze-SV yokutshutshiswa kwamadoda nabafazi abakwishumi elivisayo, iziphumo zibonisa izinto ezinokungabikhoyo ezifunekayo ekujoliswe kuzo, ngokukodwa iincwadi zeempendulo zobundlobongela obundlobongela obuthatyathwa ngabazali abaxhaphazayo kwintsapho yabantwana kunye nokuxhaswa koonwabo.

Sigqiba kunye nesinye isithuba kwi-sexology enkulu enokukrokra ingxoxo ngoononophala kunye neentlobano zesondo / ulwaphulo-mthetho. Njengoko uza kubona, umbhali unecala kakhulu (kunye nomphandi wezesondo ze-PhD):

Ndicinga ukuba isitatimende jikelele esenzayo simele senze uxhaso lwezesondo kunye nezinye iziphumo zempembelelo. Kule ngongoma, ngaphezu kwe-a) Idatha ehambelanayo ebonisa ukugqithiswa okukhulu koononophelo oluxhamle kuzo zonke iintlobo zesimo sengqondo soxhatshazo ngokwesini kunye nokuziphatha, nathi sinakho:

b) Idatha yokulinga ebonisa ukuba ukuvezwa koononophelo kwandisa ubundlobongela obungathandabuzekiyo kwilebhu (izinto ezinjengokwenyama, izinto eziphathekayo, okanye ubundlobongela beengqondo ezifana nokulawulwa kokutshitshiswa kombane) (Izifundo ezingama-33 zi-meta-analysis in Allen, D'Alessio, & Brezgel, 1995);

c) Idatha yokulinga ebonisa ukuvezwa koononophelo kwandisa izimo zengqondo ezixhasa ubundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesondo (ukwamkelwa kobundlobongela phakathi kwabantu, ukudlwengulwa kwamkelwe, kunye nokuziphatha ngokwesini) (16 izifundo ezenziwa meta-zihlaziyiwe e-Emmers, Gebhardt, & Giery, 1995);

d) Ubungqina obude bokuba ukubukela iphonografi kwiXesha 1 kunxulunyaniswa nezenzo zobundlobongela obuphathekayo ngokwesini kwiXesha 2 (Izifundo ezi-5 zohlalutyo lweemeta eWright, eTokunaga, naseKraus, 2015), kwanasemva kolawulo lwezinto ezininzi ezinokubangela ukuphazamiseka, kubandakanya Ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo, ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, njl.

Ngokubhekiselele kubo bonke obu bungqina, kunzima kwaye kungenangqiqo, kwimbono yam, ukuxela ukuba inqobo-ebomini ye-causal links phakathi koonobumba kunye nobudlova ngandlela-thile ayikhoyo kwaye ayikho. Ewe, idosi yokuthandabuza kufuneka ihlale, kwaye zingcono kwaye uninzi lophando kufuneka luqhubeke, kodwa ngoku, ukuba ndanyanzeliswa ukubheja, kuya kufuneka nditsho ukuba ndibeke imali yam apho ekubeni ndikunye Isiphumo esingesihle se-porn ekuhlaselweni ngokwesondo, kunye nesiphumo esinokubakho ukuba sisincinci, b) sinqunyelwe kwiqela labantu elinomngcipheko omkhulu, kunye c) ngakumbi ukubhengezwa kwezinye iintlobo ze-porn (ezinogonyamelo) kunabanye (ezingenampilo kodwa ziqhelekileyo) isisiqhelo esibonisa iphonografi) kunye nongabikho kwezinye iintlobo zetyala lesini (umntu obhinqileyo, ulwamvila).

Ngokuqinisekileyo, akukho mvavanyo okanye i-longitudinal data ephelele ekuqaliseni iimeko ezibonakalayo kwihlabathi langempela, kodwa sonke sibonakala sivuma ukuba basichaza ngokucacileyo xa kubhekisela kwezinye iindawo zokucinga ngengqondo. Yimigangatho yethu yegolide yokuseka imeko yazo zonke iintlobo zeziphumo zokuziphatha. Kutheni le nto sithandabuza kangaka xa kufikwa kule ndawo inye yophando? Kuba ayihambelani neminqweno yethu ye-porn ukuze ingabinayo imiphumo emibi? Uxolo, kodwa ndiyayithanda i-porn kakhulu njengoko nonke nenza (ndiyenza nyani), kodwa andinakucacisa ukubamba i-porn kwimigangatho ephezulu yobungqina kuba andizithandi iziphumo. Yile nto ke bendithetha xa ndisithi ukwala okanye ukutyeshela ezi ziphumo zisenza singaboni kwaye sizibalule malunga nayo njengezinto ezichasene ne-porn crusaders….

… ..Bendingathethi ukuba ndisilinganise ne-anti-porn kwindlela esizisebenzisa ngayo iziphumo kunye nefuthe longenelelo lwehlabathi lokwenene esilifumana kubo. Into ebendiyithetha yile yokuba njengabo, kubonakala ngathi sisebenzisa ukungqinisisa okuqinisekileyo okuqinisekileyo ukubona kuphela into esifuna ukuyibona. Kodwa ngokujonga ngamehlo ubungqina obuqhubeka nokunyuka, sithomalalisa ukuthembeka kwethu njengabafuna inyani, kwaye sithintela umda kwindawo yethu yokuba ukuthintela iphonografi ayisosisombululo sokwenza utshintsho lwehlabathi lokwenyani.

Ngokuthatha isikhundla esigqithileyo ("alukho uhlobo lwephonografu olunalo naluphi na umphumo kubundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesondo nakubani na") olungasekelwanga ubungqina, sizenza singabalulekanga kwaye sigxothwe ngokulula nje ngokuqhutywa ziingcingane njengabaphembeleli benkcubeko. esinye isigxina ("yonke imifanekiso engamanyala isonyusa isini kuye wonk 'umntu uyibukeleyo").

Kwakhona, musa ukundenza into ephosakeleyo: Ndiyayithanda iphonografi, ndiyibukela lonke ixesha, kwaye ndinomnqweno wokuyinqanda.

Ukuya kwii-Alliance zikhethile ngokucophelela, kunye nemimiselo emininzi yezinto eziye zatshitshisiwe.

Studi Studies:

UBurton, DL, Leibowitz, GS, kunye noWoward, A. (2010).Ukuthelekiswa kohlobo lolwaphulo-mthetho lwabafana abajongene nokugqithisileyo: Ukungabikho kobudlelwane phakathi kokuchazwa kweentlobo zoononografi kunye neempawu zocalulo ngokwesondo 1. I-Journal ye-Nursing Forensic, 6 (3), 121-129. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Isishwankathelo sobambiswano sishiya iziphumo ezimbalwa ezibalulekileyo: ukusetyenziswa koonwabo kuhlobene zombini ngokwesondo kunye nokungafanelanga ngokwesondo. Ukususela kwi-abstract:

Abahlukumezi ngokwesondo babika ngaphezulu nangaphambi kwe-10 (iminyaka yobudala) ukubonakaliswa koononografi kunokuba abahlukumezi abangaxhatshazwayo. Nangona kunjalo, kubaxhatshazwa ngokwesini, ukuchasana akuhambelananga nexesha apho abahlukumezi baqala ukuyisebenzisa kakubi, kwinani labo elichazwe ngamaxhoba okanye kwi-crime offense. I-10 yokuchasana kwe-expcale ayizange ihambelane nombolo yabantwana iqela elixhatshazwa ngokwesondo, kwaye ukunyusa okuxhasayo kwamandla akuzange kuhambelane kunye nokuvuswa kokudlwengula okanye umlinganiselo wamandla asetyenziswa ulutsha. Ekugqibeleni, ukuchasana kwakuxhomekeke kakhulu kunye nawo onke amanqaku olwaphulo-mthetho ngokwesondo.

I-Alliance inethemba lokuba akukho mntu ufunda isifundo esona.

Kutchinsky, B. (1991). Iphonografi kunye nokudlwengulwa: Inkolelo kunye nokusebenza? Ubungqina beenkcukacha zolwaphulo-mthetho kumazwe amane apho iifoto zoonografi zifumaneka lula. I-International Journal yoMthetho kunye Neengqondo. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Idatha yangaphambili ye-intanethi evela kwii-1980's. Njengakwilizwe elikhethiweyo leMilton Diamond, oku kubandakanya idatha kwilizwe lonke. Uxinzelelo kwintshayelelo.

URasmussen, KR, kunye noKohut, T. (2019). Ngaba ukunyaniseka kwezenkolo kukulinganisela ukuxhatshazwa phakathi kokusetyenziswa koononografi nokujonga isimo sengqondo ngabafazi? Umbhalo woPhando loLwesondo, i-56 (1), i-38-49. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Ilungu leZebumbano likaToylor Kohut. Olunye ucaphulo lokunyuka kwamaxabiso, njengoko isifundo sakhe singenanto yakwenza nokwabelana ngesondo. Njengazo zonke izifundo zikaKohut (ezichazwe apha ngasentla), wakhetha iikhrayitheriya zokuqinisekisa ukuba inkolo yabasetyhini (abasebenzisa iphonografi) bafumana amanqaku asezantsi kuhlobo lwayo "lweendlela zokulingana." UKohut uzobe “egalitarianism " as kuphela:

  1. Inkxaso yokukhipha isisu.
  2. NOT Ukukholelwa ukuba ubomi bentsapho bunzima xa lo mfazi enomsebenzi wesikhathi esigcwele.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba kukho iinkolelo zakho, kulula ukubona ukuba abantu bezenkolo baya kubaleka ezantsi kwi-2 ye-XNUMX inxalenye "yokulingana".

Nantsi inqobo: abantu belizwe, abavame ukukhululeka, sebenzisa i-porn kwizinga eliphezulu kakhulu kunabantu abanqulo. Ngokukhetha kuphela izicwangciso ze-2 kunye nokunyamekela ezinye iinguqu ezingapheliyo, uToylor Kohut wayesazi ukuba uya kugqiba nokusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana (ngakumbi kunabantu belizwe) ngokuhambelanayo nezifundo zakhe ezikhethiweyo ezikhethiweyo "egalitarianism"(Ngaphantsi kweentlanga). Emva koko uKohut wakhetha isihloko esityhilele konke.

UKristen N. Jozkowski, uTiffany L. Marcantonio, uKelley E. Rhoads, uSasha Canan, uMary E. Hunt kunye noMalaki Willis (2019) Uhlalutyo loQhagamshelwano lwezesondo kunye nokuLawulwa koLwazi kwiiFilimu eziPhezulu, Umbhalo woPhando loLwesondo, i-DOI: 10.1080 / 00224499.2019.1595503 Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uninzi lokunyuka kwamaxabiso. Olu phofu alubhekiseli kwiimifanekiso engamanyala. Akukho nanye kwiimvumi ezikhethiweyo ezi-X zilinganisiwe. Enyanisweni, uninzi lwePG-13. Namazame, i-Alliance.

UKutchinsky, B. (1992). Ipolitiki yophando lwamanyala. Umthetho kunye neSoc'y Rev., 26, 447. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Akukho sifundo. I-1992 engabalulekanga malunga nesicatshulwa. Thetha malunga nokunyuka kwamaxabiso.

UMellor, uE, noDuff, S. (2019).Ukusetyenziswa koononografi kunye nolwalamano phakathi kweentlobano zoononophala kunye nokulala ngokwesini: Ukuhlaziywa okucwangcisiweyo. Ukuxhatshazwa nokuziphatha koBundlobongela. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Isishwankathelo soBambiswano sasifanelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, sibuza umbuzo wombhali wokwamkela kuphela i-21 yamaphepha afanelekileyo e-157 ukuhlolwa kwakhe. Ukukhuselwa kwethu kuxhaswa yile nyaniso yokuba akukho nanye uhlaziyo lweencwadi lufika kwizigqibo ezifanayo. Ukongezelela, uninzi lwee-21 ezikhethiweyo zamaphepha zibandakanya abantu abadala kumntu osecaleni lokuziphatha ngokwesondo, kungekhona umntwana kumntwana, okanye umntu omdala kumenzi wabantu abadala. Ukuphawula ngezifundo zikaMilton Diamond, umphandi uNeil Malamuth waphawula ukuba imiphumo yabantwana abasebenzisa iifoto zoononophala ngabantwana ingaba yinto eyahluke kakhulu kwimiphumo ye-non-pedophiles esebenzisa imifanekiso engamanyala yabantu abadala.

Kuyingenelo ukuqaphela ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba kubekho "amaqela amancinci" ahluke kakhulu aneempembelelo ezahlukileyo (kunye ezichaseneyo) zokuchazwa, ngakumbi ngokunxulumene nokubukela iphonografi yabantwana, njengoko kucetyisiwe ngumsebenzi kaMickey Diamond kunye nokwenzeka kwesini. Sithethe ngalo mbandela kwinqaku elilandelayo: IMalamuth, N. kunye neHuppin, M. (2007). Ukudweba umgca kwi-pornography yabantwana: Ukuzisa umthetho ngokuhambelana nobungqina bophando.

Ngokucacileyo, i-meta-analaysis yashiywe phantse yonke ifundwayo kubantu abadala abanobucala bezesondo, nto leyo eyabangela umphumo ogqithiseleyo.

UFerguson, CJ, kunye noHartley, RD (2009).Ulonwabo lunomzuzwana ... iindleko ezonakalisayo: Impembelelo yecalografi yokudlwengulwa nokuhlaselwa ngokwesondo. Ukuxhatshazwa nokuziphatha kogonyamelo, i-14 (5), i-323-329. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Isishwankathelo se-Alliance sichanekile - "Amanani okudlwengula okudlwengula e-United States abonisa ukuba ubudlelwane obuphambene phakathi kokusetyenziswa kweeposenti kunye nokudlwengulwa kwamazinga. Idatha evela kwezinye iintlanga iphakamise ubudlelwane obufanayo.”Nangona kunjalo, uphononongo luxhomekeke kwidatha ehlanganisiweyo kumanqanaba okudlwengulwa kunye nokufumaneka kwe-porn kwilizwe elincinci kuphela. Iziphene ezinzulu kwezi ntlobo zezifundo zivavanywa apha ngasentla kwintshayelelo, ekwajongane nesifundo seMilton Diamond esingezantsi.

Qaphela: Sekuyiminyaka, uFerguson uye wahlasela ingxaki yokukhwabanisa i-intanethi, ngelixa ekhankanya ngamandla ukugcina ingxaki ye-Gaming Disorder ngaphandle kwe-ICD-11. (Ulahlekelwe nguye kwi-2019 xa i-World Health Organization yamkela i-ICD-11, kodwa umkhankaso wakhe uyaqhubeka kwiindawo ezininzi.) Enyanisweni, uFerguson noNicole Prause babengabhali-mbhali kwiphepha elikhulu elinga ukuhlaziya iidayidi ze-intanethi. (Iingqinisiso zabo zafunyanwa kwinqaku lamaphepha ngamacandelo, kwi lo mbandela Umbhalo weMilo yoLungiso.)

Idayimani, M., Jozifkova, E., & Weiss, P. (2011). Imifanekiso engamanyala kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho ngokwesondo kwiRiphabhlikhi yaseCzech. Oovimba bokuziphatha ngokwesondo, 40 (5), 1037-1043. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Isishwankathelo seAlliance sichanekile: "Ukuphumla ixesha elide apho ukubakho kwezithombe zoburheletya komntwana kungabikho semthethweni… kubonise ukwehla kakhulu kwimeko yokuxhatshazwa kwabantwana ngesondo. ” Nantsi into ethethwa nguMalamuth malunga nesifundo sikaDiimani kwingxoxo yoluhlu lwezesondo kwizifundo ("Uyabhala" ngumbuzo, impendulo yiMalamuth):

Ukusetyenziswa kobugwenxa bokwabelana ngesondo kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho ngokwesondo: Ndicinga ukuba abantu abaninzi babonakala ngathi banoluvo lokuba uphando oluhambelana nelizwe liphela lubonise ukungqinelani phakathi kokusebenzisa iphonografi kunye nodlwengulo. Andikholelwa ukuba le yinyani konke konke. Ukuba uya kwisiza sikaMilton Diamond uyabona ukuba xa idatha yahluliwe phakathi kokuxhatshazwa kwabantwana ngokwesondo kunye nokudlwengulwa, kuyacaca ukuba le yokugqibela ayikhange yehle (kodwa ayonyukanga) njengoko iphonografi yaya ifumaneka. Ukongezelela ungabona ukuba kukho imizekelo yelizwe apho ubuncinci beli candelo, kukho ukulungelelaniswa okuphezulu phakathi kwezi zibini. Ngokomzekelo, kukho inqaku apho kukho ukuba,

“IPapua New Guinea, lelona lizwe libona kakhulu iphonografi ehlabathini, ngokweGoogle Trends. I-PNG inabantu abangaphantsi kwesigidi se-8 Abantu kunye nexabiso eliphantsi lokusebenzisa i-intanethi, kodwa banepesenti enkulu yokukhangela amagama athi "iphonografi" kunye "nemifanekiso engamanyala" xa kuthelekiswa nesizwe uphando olupheleleyo. Uphando olupapashwe kwi-Lancet luchaze ukuba i-59 ipesenti yamadoda kwi-PNG Autonomous Region yaseBougainville idlwengulile iqabane kwaye i-41 pesenti idlwengulile umfazi ongengumlingani wayo.

Ukongeza, inqaku libonisa ukuba amazwe alishumi aphambili afuna 'iphonografi': Iindlela zikaGoogle
1. Gini eNtsha yasePapuwa
2. Zimbhabhwe
3. Khenya
4. Botswana
5. Zambiya
6. Yuthophiya
7. Malawi
8. Yuganda
9. Fiji
10. Nayijeriya

Ndicinga ukuba phakathi kwala mazwe kunokuba kukho amazwe anezinga eliphezulu lezesondo kunye nezinye iindlela zobundlobongela kwabasetyhini. Nceda uqaphele ukuba andiphikisi ukuba iphonografi "ngulo" okanye "a" unobangela kodwa ngokuchasene nenkolelo eqhelekileyo yokuba kwihlabathi liphela okanye ixesha elide ukuba umbutho ophikisayo ubonakalisiwe phakathi kokusetyenziswa gwenxa kunye nokudlwengulwa. Kuya kuba ngumdla ukuqhuba isifundo esijongeka sinqamleze ngokwenkcubeko kumbutho emva kokulawula ngokwezibalo umngcipheko weModeli yeConfluence, ngakumbi ubundlobongela bobudoda.

Ndiya kuqikelela ukuba kulawo mazwe anamanqanaba aphezulu emingcipheko, kukho unxibelelwano oluqinisekileyo phakathi kokusetyenziswa kwe-porn kunye nokudlwengulwa (ngakumbi phakathi kwamadoda ngokubanzi endaweni yolwaphulo-mthetho kuphela) kodwa akukho lungelelwaniso okanye enye inverse kumazwe anabantu abambalwa umngcipheko ngokweModeli yeConfluence.

UKUBHALA: kumgangatho woluntu, imifanekiso engamanyala ingaba nefuthe elihle kwizocalulo zobugebengu zesondo

UXANDUVA: Njengoko besendibonisile ngaphambili, andikholelwa ukuba idayimane yedatha kwaye idatha enxulumene nayo ityhila into edla ngokuthethwa malunga nolwaphulo-mthetho ngokwesondo ngokubanzi. Njengoko iDayim kunye nabalingani baye baqaphela, idatha ibonisa ubudlelwane obuphambeneyo phakathi kokufumaneka koonografi kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi kwezesondo zoomntwana. Ayikho inxulumano efanayo ebalulekileyo phakathi kokugqithisa nokudlwengula. Izizathu zokudlwengulwa kunye neempawu zabadlwenguli ngokumalunga nabahlukumezi babantwana zivame ukuhluke kwaye akufanele zifakwe ndawonye. Ukongeza, idatha iyahambelana kwinqanaba lelizwe ngokubanzi kwaye ifuna ulumkiso oluninzi malunga nobudlelwane be-causal, ngokuyinxenye ngenxa "yengxaki ehlanganisiweyo" (IKingston neMalamuth, 2011).

Into enokugqitywa ngokuzithemba kukuba kula mazwe afundwayo, akukho lonyuka ngokubanzi kudlwengulo xa kutshintshwa imithetho yamanyala ukuvumela ukubakho kwamanyala. Kwakhona, Kubalulekile ukukhumbula engqondweni yokuba kubonakala ngathi onke amazwe afundiswa yiDayim kunye nabalingane kubonakala ngathi banabantu abancinci abasengozini enkulu yokwenza ubundlobongela ngesondo. Khange ndibuke ngaphambili eCroatia, kodwa uphando olukhawulezileyo kuGoogle lubonisa ukuba i-94% ayivumelani nengxelo yokuba abantu basetyhini kufuneka babunyamezele ubundlobongela ukugcina usapho ludibene.

UKUBHALA: kodwa, ngaphakathi koluntu ufikeleleko olubanzi kukho amadoda athatywayo kwi-pornography apho ukugqithiswa koononophelo kwandisa ingozi yobundlobongela besondo, ngenxa yokudibana neengxaki zobungozi

IMPENDULO: ngokubanzi ngokuhambelana noko ubhalayo kodwa ukucaphula ngokungafaniyo: kumadoda kubemi ngokubanzi abanamanqanaba aphezulu ngokubaluleka komngcipheko "ophambili", idatha ibonakalisa ngamandla ukuba ukusetyenziswa "kobunzima" be-porn kunokunyusa isimo sengqondo sobundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesondo kunye nokuziphatha..

UKUBUKELA: iindibano ezivumela ukufikelela koononophelo kungabandakanyeka kumashishini, ukwamukela inani elincinci lomngcipheko okhulayo kwiqela elincinci ngenani elincinci lokunciphisa umngcipheko kubantu abaninzi

IMPENDULO: Ndicinga ukuba kufuneka siqaphele ngokwenza iziqulatho malunga noluntu ngaphandle kokuqwalasela ukungqinelana kwimeko phakathi kwabo. Ndiyicinga ukuba ukutshintsha imithetho yoonografi e-Saudi Arabia kunye neDenmark kuya kuba nemiphumo eyahlukileyo kakhulu. Kwakhona, Ndicinga ukuba kugxininise kuphela okanye ngokukodwa kwizenzo zokulwa ngokwesondo, ikakhulukazi ukudlwengulwa, nokuba yingxaki. Umzekelo, njengoko sele sibhale kwenye indawo, iJapan ihlala isetyenziswa njengomnye wemizekelo ephambili yamazwe apho amanyala afumaneka khona ngokubanzi (kubandakanya iphonografi "enobundlobongela") kwaye amaqondo odlwengulo asezantsi kakhulu ngoku nakwimbali.

Ngokwenene i-Japan lilizwe elinobundlobongela obuqinileyo phakathi kwabantu "kwiqela" ubundlobongela obujoliswe kwabasetyhini. Nangona kunjalo, qwalasela ezinye iindlela ezinokubonakaliswa: "Ukufuna ukuhamba koololiwe abagcweleyo bekuyingxaki eJapan: ngokophando olwenziwe ngamaPolisa kaMasipala oMbaxa waseTokyo kunye neNkampani yoLoliwe yase-East Japan, isibini esithathwini sabakhweli ababhinqileyo abakwiminyaka yama-20 nama-30 baxele ukuba babephuthaphathe oololiwe, kwaye uninzi lwaluxhatshazwa rhoqo. ” Xa ubundlobongela obujoliswe kwabasetyhini buyekisiwe, buphezulu kakhulu (umzekelo, jonga u-Chang, * Ukudlwengulwa kwe-Nanking *,). Nangona ndingaphikisani nengcebiso yakho, andiqinisekanga ukuba singafikelela kweso sigqibo ngeli xesha.

Ukubeka nje ngokulula, ukuxhomekeka kuseti lweenkcukacha ezimbini kuzwelonke (kuxelwa ulwaphulo-mthetho oluxeliweyo ngokwesondo kunye nokufumaneka kwe-porn) evela kumazwe ambalwa (ngelixa unganikeli ngakwamanye amazwe), ukuxhasa ibango lokuba uninzi lwe-porn ngokuqinisekileyo lubakhokelela kwizenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho ezimbalwa ngokwesondo, ayisi bhabha phakathi kwenzululwazi yokwenyani.

UGoldstein, M., Kant, H., Judd, L., Rice, C., kunye noGreen, R. (1971).Amava kunye noononografi: Abaxhamli, abahamba ngamabhinqa, abantu abathandana nabo, abathandana nabo, kunye nokulawula. I-Archives of Sexual behavior, 1 (1), 1-15. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Uhlolisiso olwenziwa ngo-1971 kumadoda amadala (mhlawumbi azalwa ngeminyaka yoo-1920's no-40) ukujonga iziphumo “zeefilimu zesini” “kubantu abaphambukayo.” Qaphela - isifundo sikwahlula izifundo zesini kunye ne-transgender "njengeziphambukayo." Izifundo ezininzi zamva nje (zidweliswe ngezantsi), ingxelo ngeziphumo eziphambene nokuhlola kwe-1971.

Hald, GM, kunye neMalamuth, NN (2015). Iziphumo zovavanyo lokuvezwa kwephonografi: Iziphumo zokumodareyitha ubuntu kunye nokulamla kweziphumo zesondo. Oovimba bokuziphatha ngokwesondo, 44 ​​(1), 99-109. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Uncedisa i-hypothesis yokuba ukusetyenziswa kwezonyango kunokukhokelela kwisimo sengqondo soxhatshazo esixhasa uxhaphalo kwabasetyhini phakathi kweentlobo ezithile zobuntu. Okucacileyo:

Ukusebenzisa isampula yoluntu olukhethiweyo olukhethiweyo lwe-200 yaseDenmark amadoda amadala kunye nabasetyhini kwiplani yokuhlola okungahleliwe, uphando luhlolisise imiphumo yomntu (ukuvumelanisa), ukusetyenziswa kwamanyala angaphaya koonografi, kunye nokubonakaliswa kwezilingo ezingcolileyo zoonografi kwisimo sengqondo sokuxhasa uxhaphalo bafazi (ASV).

Sifumene ukuba amanqanaba aphantsi okuvumelanisa kunye namanqanaba aphezulu ekudliwayo okugqithisileyo okusebenzisa i-ASV. Ukongezelela, ukuvavanywa kwezilwanyana ezingcolileyo kwandisa i-ASV kodwa kuphela kubantu abaphantsi ngokuvumelana. Olu lwalamano lwafunyaniswa lube luncedo kakhulu ngoxhaswa ngokwesondo kunye nokuvuswa kwesondo ngokubhekiselele kuvavanyo oluzimeleyo lokuvavanya ngokwesondo, ukulungelelanisa izinto zesondo, kunye / okanye iimvakalelo zomzimba ezinxulumene nokuvuswa ngokwesondo. Ekugxininiseni ukubaluleka kokungafani komntu ngamnye, iziphumo zisekela imodeli yokuxhaswa kwezesondo kunye neencwadi zoononophelo ngokubambisana nokuthintela.

Qaphela: Amadoda "anamanqanaba asezantsi anokuvumeleka 'anokubonisa ipesenti enkulu yabemi.

Bauserman, R. (1996). Ulwaphulo-mthetho ngokwesondo kunye noonografi: Ukuhlaziywa kophando lwe-correlational. I-Basic and Applied Social Psychology, i-18 (4), i-405-427. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: I-Alliance ishiye isivakalisi esiphambili kwisigqibo sabo sokukhuphela (ikrwelelwe umgca):

Abantu abenzi bezocansi abanalo ngaphambili okanye abangabonakaliyo ngokungaqhelekanga kwiimifanekiso engamanyala ebuntwaneni okanye ebusheni, xa kuthelekiswa nabangaboni. Nangona kunjalo, incinci yabenzi bezono baxela ukusetyenziswa kweefosografi ngokusesikweni kwabo. Iziphumo zihambelana nokujonga uluntu ukujonga iifografi, kodwa kungekhona ngombono wokuthi izinto ezibhekiselele kwisondo ngokubanzi zifaka isandla ngqo kwizenzo zobugebengu zesondo. Umgudu wokunciphisa iziphoso zesini kufuneka ugxininise kwiindidi zamava kunye nemvelaphi esebenzayo kwinani elikhulu labaphulaphuli.

Uninzi lweengxelo zipapashwe kwiminyaka yokugqibela ye-25 ebika ingxelo phakathi kokusetyenziswa kwezesondo kunye nokuziphatha okubi ngokwesondo.

Ezi zifundo zilandelayo zidibanisa ukusetyenziswa koonwabo kwi-sex offending, ulwaphulo ngokwesondo, kunye nokunyanzelisa ngokwesondo. I-Alliance ikulungele ukushiya konke kulo candelo:

  1. Ukuququzelela umonakalo we-eerotic on aggression against women (1978)
  2. Ukudlwengula amafantasi njengomsebenzi wokuchasana nesisombululo sezesondo (1981)
  3. Iingxelo zoPhando ngezesondo: Uluhlu lophando oluphanda ubugwenxa bezesondo kunye nokuxhatshazwa (1982)
  4. Iimfono zoonografi kunye nokuxhatshazwa ngokwesini kunye nokuxhatshazwa kweRape (1982)
  5. Ukubonakaliswa koonografi, iimpawu ezingavumelekanga kunye nezingabonakaliyo, kunye nobudlobongela besilisa kuma-female (1983)
  6. Imiphumo yecalografi enobudlova kwiingcamango zobudlwengulo: Ukungafani komntu (1985)
  7. Ulwaphulo-mthetho ngokwesondo kwiMediya: Iimpembelelo ezingachanekanga kwiNkqantosi yabaseTyhini (i-1986)
  8. Uphando oluthile lwendima yecalografi ngokusetyenziswa kakubi kwabafazi (1987)
  9. Ukusetyenziswa koononografi kwimbali yolwaphulo-mthetho kunye nophuhliso lwezono zesondo (1987)
  10. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-stimuli ecacileyo ngocansi ngabadlwenguli, abantwana be-molesters kunye nabaxhasi (1988)
  11. Uonografi obundlobongelayo kunye nokuxhamla kobugwenxa besondo (1988)
  12. Iingcamango zabasetyhini kunye neengcamango malunga nodlwengulo njengomsebenzi wokubhenca kwangaphambili kwi-pornography (1992)
  13. Iipatheni zokubhenca kwizinto ezibhekiselele kwisondo phakathi kwabaphulaphuli bezesondo, abantwana be-molesters, kunye nolawulo (1993)
  14. Uonografi kunye noxhatshazo ngokwesondo: Iinkampani zobonobundlobongela nonobundlobongela ngokudlwengulwa nokudlwengulwa (1993)
  15. Iimfono zoonografi zoBundlobongela ngokoSondo, i-Anti-Women's attitude, kunye noThatshazo ngokwesondo: I-Model Equal Equation Model (1993)
  16. Umhla wokudlwengulwa kunye nokunyuswa kwezesondo kwiiKholeji zeKholeji: Isiganeko kunye nokubandakanywa koMngcipheko, Intukuthelo, ukunyaniseka, i-Psychopathology, Utshutshiso lwabaontanga kunye noonografi Sebenzisa (i-1994)
  17. Ukugqithisa nokuxhatshazwa kwabasetyhini (1994)
  18. Ukugqithisa ubugqwetha nokuxhaphazwa kwabasetyhini: inkolelo yokuziqhuba (1994)
  19. Iimiphumo zoononopopasho obundlobongela kwiingcamango zobuxoki zokubukela ababukeli: Ukufundiswa kwamadoda aseJapan (1994)
  20. Imiphumo yokuchasana neentlobano zesondo zobulili kwisimo sengqondo sokudlwengulwa (1995)
  21. Ubudlelwane phakathi kokusetyenziswa koononografi nokuxhatshazwa kwabantwana (1997)
  22. Iifografi kunye nokuShatshazwa kwabaseKhanada abasetyhini ekudlelaneni ubudlelwane (i-1998)
  23. Ukugqithisa ubugqwetha nokuxhaphazwa kwabasetyhini: inkolelo yokuziqhuba (1998)
  24. Ukuqwalasela ukudibanisa phakathi kweentlobano zesini kunye nodlova ngokwesondo (2000)
  25. Indima yezoonografi kwi-etiology yezocalulo zesondo (2001)
  26. Ukusetyenziswa koononografi ngexesha lokuthunyelwa kwezenzo zesondo (2004)
  27. UkuPhononongwa kwezinto eziPhuhliso ezihambelanayo neeNqweno eziThathekayo zoSondo phakathi kwabaPhuthi beBantu abadala (2004)
  28. Xa Amazwi Akwanele: Ukukhangela Impembelelo Yezono Zonografi Kubesetyhini Abasetyhini (2004)
  29. Iidrafra kunye nabaselula: ukubaluleka kokuhlukahluka komntu (2005)
  30. Izinto ezinobungozi bokuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo kwiiKholeji zeekholeji (2005)
  31. Ukuxhamla kwamadoda kwi-Aggression yezesondo: Impembelelo yoTywala, uMntu oVuselela inkanuko yesini, kunye nePhophonografu enobundlobongela (2006)
  32. Inkolelo-mbumbulu inkolelo yamabhinqa ngenxa yokuxhatshazwa koonografi enobudlova: Impembelelo yobunxila kunye nesondo (2006)
  33. Ukuqaphelisa ubundlobongela ngesondo: indima yezonografi kwimeko yendalo kunye neyodwa ingozi (2007).
  34. Ukusetyenziswa koononografi kunye nokuzibandakanya ngokuzibandakanya ngokubundlobongela ngokwesondo kwi-adolescents (2007)
  35. Imiba yolutsha kwiingxelo zesini, ukuxhatshazwa kunye nokungabikho okufunwayo kwi-intanethi kwi-intanethi (i-2007)
  36. Ubudlelwane phakathi kokulutha kwe-cybersex, ukulingana ngokwesini, isondo sengqondo kunye nesibonelelo sobundlobongela ngokwesondo (2007)
  37. Ukuqhagamshelana nokusetyenziswa koMntu kwiShishini loSondo ukuLawula ukuthintela kobudlelwane obundlobongelayo (2008)
  38. Ukusetyenziswa koonografi kunye nogonyamelo lwezesondo: impembelelo yobuninzi kunye nohlobo lweentlophu zoononophelo zisebenzisa ukuhlaziywa phakathi kwabaphulaphuli ngokwesondo (2008)
  39. Ukubaluleka koMmehluko woBuntu kwiZonografi Sebenzisa: Iimpembelelo zoBuchule kunye nempembelelo yokuThathisa abaSondo (2009)
  40. Imifanekiso engamanyala iyisebenzisa njengendlela yokubeka umngcipheko wendlela yokuziphatha enobudlova phakathi kwabantwana abachaphazelekayo ngokwesondo kunye ne-adolescents (2009)
  41. Ngaba ubundlobongela bezesondo oluhambelana ne-intanethi buya kugqitywa Ubungqina obunobungqina obuvela eSpain (2009)
  42. Uthelekiso lwenkqubo yolwaphulo-mthetho lwabafana abajongene noononografi abonakalisa ukungabikho kobudlelwane phakathi kokuchaswa kweentlobo zoononografi kunye neempawu zocalulo zesondo (i-2010)
  43. Iingxaki ngeenkcukacha zoLuntu kunye nokuBaluleka koMmehluko woBuntu kwiSifundo seZonografi kunye nokuThatshazwa ngokwesondo: Iingxelo kwiDamond, Jozifkova, noTiss (2010)
  44. Ukunyanzeliswa koonobumba kwindlela yokuphila kunye nobugwenxa bezonyango zesondo: Impembelelo kunye ne-cathartic (2011)
  45. Iimpembelelo zeMidiya zoLuntu kwiNtshukumo yoLwaphulo loLutsha Ukuvavanya iMangalo yeCausality (2011)
  46. Imifanekiso engcolileyo Ibonakala phakathi kwaBantu abaBantu: Iimpembelelo kwiNkundla yokuLungulwa kweMiNtambo, ukuThatyathwa kweMfundiso ye-Myth kunye neNjongo yokuziphatha ukuThatshazwa ngokwesondo (2011)
  47. Izinto ezibalwe ngu-X kunye nokuphambuka kokuziphatha okubi ngokwesondo phakathi kwabantwana nakwishumi elivisayo: ngaba kukho umnxibelelwano? (2011)
  48. Ukubukela ubuninzi beentlobano zesini kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwezesini: Ukufundisisa e-Italy (2011)
  49. Ukwahlukahlukana phakathi kwabantu abahlukunyezwa ngokwesini kunye nabasetyhini abasetyhini abahlukumeza ngokwesini: ukuchasana nokuphuhliswa kokuziphatha (2011)
  50. Imifanekiso engamanyala, ukungafani komntu ngamnye kwengozi kunye nokwamkelwa kwabantu besenzo sobudlobongela kwabasetyhini umzekelo (2012)
  51. Iimiphumo zoBoniswa kwiiNkcazo zoLuntu kwiZenzo zoBuchule boBuchule (2012)
  52. Icandelo II: ulwahlulo phakathi kwabahlukunyezwa ngokwesondo kunye nabasetyhini abasetyhini abancinci bezesondo kunye nabaselula: ukugqithisa iqela elongezelelweyo lokuchasene nokuphuhliswa kokuziphatha (2012)
  53. Intanethi ye-Intanethi: I-Information Superhighway kwi-Crime Crime? (2013)
  54. "Kutheni uyenzile?": Iinkcazo ezinikezwa ngabantwana abalahlayo i-Porn Pornography (2013)
  55. Ngaba iimifanekiso ezingamanyala zisebenzisayo zilandela ukuqhubela phambili kwe-Guttman? (2013)
  56. Amazinga amaninzi aBundlobongela boBugcisa boBesilisa nabesifazana kwiSibonelo seSizwe soLutsha (2013)
  57. I-anal hexosex phakathi kwabantu abatsha kunye nempembelelo yokukhuthazwa kwezempilo: ukufundiswa kwekhwalithi e-UK (2014)
  58. Iimiphumo zoVavanyo zoBoniswa kwiSonografi Umphumo wokuThatyathwa koBuntu kunye nomthelela oPhathayo woTyhuselo lwezesondo (2014)
  59. Ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesini, ukudlwengulwa nokuxhaphazwa ngokwesondo: izimo zengqondo kunye namava abafundi besikolo esiphakamileyo eMzantsi Kivu, iDemocratic Republic of Congo (2014)
  60. Uphonografi, Utywala, kunye nokuSondeza ngokwesondo (2014)
  61. Ukuthathwa kwezoBundlobongela zoBundlobongela beBhinqa ababethatywayo Basebenzisa iiNgxelo eziPhakanyisiweyo zoSondo kunye neNkcazo yokuThatyathwa kweTactics (2014)
  62. Ukuqonda okubalulekileyo kweziTemon zoTyhila kunye nokuShatshazwa kwabasetyhini: Izikhokelo ezitsha eziqhubekayo kuphando kunye neengcinga (2015)
  63. Ukubukela iinthombe zoononopopasho zobuntwaba: ukusabalalisa kunye ne-correlates kwisampula esimele sabantu abaselula baseSweden (i-2015)
  64. Ukuhlolisisa Ukusetyenziswa Kwezinto Ezibhekiselele Ngokwezesondo Kwi-Intanethi: Yintoni Ubudlelwane Bokunyanzelisa Ubundlobongela? (2015)
  65. Iinjongo zamadoda ekujoliswe kuzo kweMedia, i-Objective of Women, kunye neengqondo ezixhasa uxhaselo lwabafazi (i-2015)
  66. Ngaba ukusetyenziswa koononografi kusetyenziswe nokuchasana ngokwesini? Ukuphinda uhlolisise iModeli ye-Confluence ngokubhekiselele kokuthintwa kwezinto ezintathu (2015)
  67. Ukunyuka koonografi Ukusetyenziswa kunye nokulwa nobudlova phakathi kweSample of primarily Black and Hispanic, Urban-Residing, Youth Youthing (2015)
  68. Iziganeko zobungozi bexesha kunye neentlobano zesondo zoBugcisa phakathi kwabafundi beKholeji labaFundi beeKholeji (2015)
  69. Imifanekiso engcolileyo, ukunyanzelisa ngokwesondo kunye nokuxhatshazwa kunye nokuthunyelwa kwemiyalezo ye-Sexual Relations Relationships: I-European Study (2016)
  70. Iifoto ezingcolileyo Zisebenzise: Inxaxheba yezobuNkokeli eziPhuculo eziPhambili zoLuntu oluSebenzayo kunye nokuThathana komntu ngamnye (2016)
  71. Isimo sengqondo ngokunyanzeliswa ngokwesondo ngabafundi besikolo sasePoland esiphakamileyo: ukudibanisa neempendulo zezesondo ezinobungozi, ukusetyenziswa koonografi kunye nenkolo (2016)
  72. Imifanekiso engcolileyo, ukunyanzelisa ngokwesondo kunye nokuxhatshazwa kunye nokuthunyelwa kwemiyalezo ye-Sexual Relations Relationships: I-European Study (2016)
  73. Abaphuli bezesondo zobutsha (2016)
  74. Amava ahlala kwi-Sex Offender: Isifundo sePhenomenological Case (2016)
  75. Ukunyaniseka: Ukuthetha kunye nokuSebenza kokuNyuka kwiNtombi yoMfazi (2016)
  76. Ukubikezela ukuHlaliswa koBundlobongela boSondo ngo-Adolescence (2017)
  77. Ukuhlolwa kweefoto ezingcolileyo Sebenzisa njenge-Predictor of Sexual Coercition (2017)
  78. Ingaphezulu kweMagazini: UkuHlola Amakhonkco phakathi kweMagn 'Mags, ukwamkelwa kwengqondo yentsomi, kunye noRape Proclivity (2017)
  79. Amasiko omama, iontanga, uonografi, i-Facebook, kunye nokuchasana ngokwesini kwabasetyhini (i-2017)
  80. Ukuthetha malunga nokuxhaphazwa kwabantwana ngokuxhaphaza ngokwesondo kunokuncedisa abantu abancinci abasebenzisa kakubi ngokwesondo ngokucinga ngokuthintela ukuziphatha okubi ngokwesondo (2017)
  81. Ukugqithisa iSithintelo kwiSigxina Sebenzisa kwiSifo soBunzima Ingxaki: Ukuphindaphindiweyo kunye nokuziphatha koTywala kuSebenzisi njengama-Predictors of Sexual Coercive Behaviors (2017)
  82. Ukunyanzelisa ngokwesondo, ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo, okanye ukuhlaselwa ngokwesondo: indlela ukulinganisa kuthintela ngayo ukuqonda kwethu ngobudlova ngokwesondo (2017)
  83. Ukuqulunqa i-Gap ye-Theory: Ukusebenzisa iNkcazo yeSondo yoBuchule ukuchaza ubudlelwane phakathi koonografi Ukusetyenziswa kunye nokuQinisekisa ngokwesondo (2018)
  84. Ukuxhatshazwa Kwezesondo Kwabesifazane KwiMozambique: Impembelelo Yezoonografi? (2018)
  85. Ukuchazwa kakubi kolutsha kunye neengxaki zobundlobongela kunye nesifo se-traumatic symptomology (2018)
  86. Imiphumo yokuzama ukuhlambalaza ngokuchasene neentlobo zoononografi ezingabonakaliyo kwindoda ekuphenduleni kwabasetyhini: inkcaso, isondo, ucalulo (2018)
  87. "Ukongeza umbane emlilweni"? Ngaba ukungabikho komntu omdala ongavumiyo okanye ukucoceka koonwabo kubangela ukuba umngcipheko wezocansi unyuke? (2018)
  88. Ukubonakaliswa kwi-intanethi yendlela yokuziphatha kunye noxhatshazo ngokwesondo: iindima zokukhusela zentlalo kwiinkwenkwezi zaseKorea (i-2018)
  89. Iingxaki zoononophala Ukusetyenziswa kunye nobudlelwane obundlobongela kunye noBucala obundlobongelayo Ulwaphulo oluphakathi kwamadoda ase-Batterer Intervention Programs (2018)
  90. Xa "ingqondo yengqondo" ithatha ixesha elide-Ukufunda ngokufanelekileyo malunga nomngcipheko obangela ukuphuhliswa kwengxaki yokuziphatha ngokwesondo ngokweengcali kunye nabaxhasi bonyango (2019)
  91. Umbutho oPhakathi koKubhengeza iVidiyo ezibonisa ubundlobongela ngezoManyala kunye nokuThintelwa koLutsha kuBundlobongela kwaBafundi beSikolo samaBanga aphakamileyo i10 (2019)
  92. Izinto ezinokukhusela ngokuchasene neZenzo zePedophilic (2019)
  93. I-ponografi kunye nobungqina bee-Rapes ezivela kwi-Major YouTube Outage (2019)
  94. Imifanekiso engamanyala kunye nobundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesondo: Uhlolisiso lwamakhosikazi aMtshatileyo oMtshatileyo wasemaphandleni kwisithili saseTirunelveli (2019)
  95. Ukunyanzelwa ngokwesini ngabafazi: Impembelelo yeTravelism kunye neNarcissistic kunye ne-Histrionic Personality Disorder Traits (2019)
  96. Xa ungenayo i-Tube ... Impembelelo yokuGxothwa kweMidlalo ka-YouTube kwiRapes (2019)
  97. Abantwana ababandakanyeka kwiindlela zokuziphatha zokuziphatha ngokwesondo okubandakanya umntu (2019)
  98. Ngaba ukusebenzisa kakubi iphonografi kunxulunyaniswa nobundlobongela beqabane? Indima yokumodareyitha yesimo sengqondo esijolise kubantu basetyhini kunye nobundlobongela (2019).
  99. Imifanekiso engamanyala, iMasculinity, kunye nokuXambulisana ngesondo kwiiKholeji zeKholeji (2020)
  100. Inkxaso yoontanga abangamadoda kunye nokuhlaselwa ngokwesondo: ubudlelwane phakathi kweprofayili ephezulu, ukuthatha inxaxheba kwezemidlalo kwisikolo esiphakamileyo kunye nokuziphatha okuxhaphazayo ngokwesini (2020)
  101. Impembelelo yobundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesondo kubuDlelwane phakathi kwamava e-Intanethi ngezoManyala kunye nokuZilawula (2020)
  102. Imodeli yoChukunyiso lweSondo eliSebenzayo: iSicelo esineDuna yoDanga (2020)
  103. Uhlalutyo lweNqanaba likaRhulumente lokuBulala kunye nokuKhangela kuGoogle ngeMifanekiso engamanyala: Ukuvela kwithiyori yezeMbali yoBomi (2020)
  104. Iimpawu kunye nomngcipheko kubantwana aboni abancinci (2020).
  105. Ukusetyenziswa koonografi kwabasetyhini, ukusetyenziswa kotywala, kunye nokuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo (2020)
  106. Uvavanyo lweModeli yokuFunda kwezeNtlalontle yokuChaza ulutsha kwiKholeji kwi-Intanethi kunye ne-Offline ye-Sexual Harassment (2020)
  107. Ukwamkela unxibelelwano phakathi kobundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesondo kunye nephonografi (2020)

I-Realyourbrainonporn (iphonografiarch.com) ivezwe njenge izibonelelo zeshishini le-porn.

I-LGBT Icandelo

Umxholo / uqobo: Awuqinisekisi ukuba kutheni eli candelo likhoyo. Izifundo apha azikho nto. Icandelo linokujongwa njengomnye umzekelo we-RealYBOP ukukhethwa kwe-cherry, njengokuba ezinye iiphando ziveza amanqanaba aphezulu ekusebenzisweni kwezilwanyana kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwe-porn (i-CSBD) kwi-gays and lesbians. Ukusuka Indima yeengcamango ezingabonakaliyo kwi-Hypersexualality phakathi kweGay High and Active Men (2014):

Ukuxhatshazwa kweengxaki zoxhatshazo oluxhatshazwayo kukukhathazeka ngokukhethekileyo ngentsholongwane, ngokwesini kunye namanye ama-MSM anikezela ngezinto ezikhethekileyo zengqondo eziqhuba le ngxaki phakathi kweli qela, kubandakanywa nabaxinzelelo bezinto ezincinci kulo lonke uphuhliso (; ) kunye nolwalamano phakathi kweengxaki zokuxhatshazwa koxhatshazo kunye neHIV (; ). Ukongezelela kokufumana iingxaki ezingafaniyo kunye noxhatshazo oluxhatshazwayo ngokumalunga nama-sexual sexual (; ), abesilisa nabasetyhini baxabana nemilinganiselo ephakamileyo yamanye amanqaku aboniswe ukuba adibaniswe kunye nobundlobongela kunye neenkqubo ezinengqondo zokuziphatha, kuquka ukuxhaphazwa ngokwesini kwabantwana () kunye nezixinzelelo ezinxulumene nokucwasana noluntu (; ).

Olu xinzelelo ludibene neengxaki zempilo yengqondo, ezinje ngengxaki yoxhatshazo ngokwesini, ukwenza iqela lezinto ezinobungozi, okanye ulwalamano, olusongela impilo yeli qela labantu (; ). Ngaloo ndlela, ukuchongwa kwamacandelo athatyathwayo nayiphi na yale mingcipheko yempilo inokuphazamisa ukuphazamiseka kwempilo yeengxaki ezibandakanyekayo ezijongene namalungu aluntu.

I-Alliance cherry-ikhethe izifundo ezingakhange zivavanye iimpembelelo zoononophelo kumsebenzisi, ngelixa zishiya zonke izifundo wenza hlola imiphumo yokusetyenziswa koononophelo kwizifundo ze-LGBT (ezi zilandelayo zifundo zivakalise ukusetyenziswa koononophelo oluxhomekeke kwiziphumo ezimbi):

Imithombo ye-Intanethi ecacileyo ngoBuchule, ukuNeliseka kweQumrhu, kunye nokuLindelwa kwabalingani phakathi kwabesilisa abalala ngesondo kunye noBantu: iSifundo soQuqulelo (2017)- Inkcazo:

Udliwano-ndlebe olulungeleleneyo olwenziwe nge-16 MSM, olubandakanya impembelelo ebonakalayo ye-SEOM-SEOM ethile. Bonke abantu abalisithoba abathintela izihloko zokwaneliseka komzimba kunye nokulindeleke kwabalingani bayixelele ukuba i-SEOM ethile ye-MSOM ibeka ukubonakala kwezinto ezibonakalayo eziphezulu ezingenangqiqo kunye / okanye abo baxhamlayo.

Ukujonga iMidiya ecacileyo ngokobulili kunye noMbutho wayo kunye neMpilo yengqondo phakathi kweGay kunye nabasetyhini kunye nabantu base-US (2017) - Amacatshulwa

Amadoda aseGay kunye nabesilisa abaneentlobo zesini (GBM) baye babika ukubukela ngokugqithiseleyo imithombo yeendaba ezenzululweyo ngokwesondo (SEM) kunabantu abathandana ngesondo. Kukho ubungqina bokuthi ukujonga iindleko ezinkulu ze-SEM kunokubangela ukuba nesimo sengqondo esingathandeki somzimba kunye nefuthe elibi. Nangona kunjalo, akukho zifundo zihlolisise ezi ziguquko kwimizekelo efanayo.

Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwe-SEM kwaye kwaxhamene ngqo nomoya ongathandekiyo womzimba kunye nezibonakaliso ezixinzeleleyo kunye nokuxhalabisa. Kwakhona kwakukho umphumo othe ngqo wokusetyenziswa kwe-SEM kwiimpawu ezixinzeleleyo kunye nokuxhalabisa ngesimo sengqondo somzimba. Ezi ziphumo zigqamisa ukubaluleka kweSEM zombini ngomfanekiso womzimba kunye nefuthe elichaphazelekayo kunye nomdlalo wendima yomdlalo ekuxhaseni nasekuphumeleleni iziphumo ze-GBM.

Ukusetyenziswa koonografi kwintsebenziswano yesini esincinci: Amanyano nokunganeliseki komzimba, ukutya iimpawu zesifo, iingcamango malunga nokusebenzisa i-anabolic steroids kunye nomgangatho wobomi (2017) - Amacatshulwa:

Isampula se-2733 abesilisa abancinci besini e-Australia kunye ne-New Zealand bagqiba uphando lwe-intanethi oluqulethwe ngamanyathelo okusetyenziswa koonografi, ukunganeliseki komzimba, ukutya iimpawu zesifo, iingcinga malunga nokusebenzisa i-anabolic steroids kunye nomgangatho wobomi. Phantse bonke (abathathi-nxaxheba be-98.2%) bachaza ukusetyenziswa koononografi kusetyenziso lwamaxesha e-5.33 ngeenyanga.

Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Multivariate kwatyhila ukuba ukusetyenziswa koonografi okwandisiweyo kwakunxulumene nokunganeliseki okukhulu nge-muscularity, fat fat body and height; enkulu yokutya impawu; ezininzi iingcinga malunga nokusebenzisa i-anabolic steroids; kunye nomgangatho osezantsi wobomi.

Umzekelo woLawulo loBini-Indima yokuThintelwa koSondo kunye nokuNxanxwa koSondo kunye nokuziphatha (2007) - Ukufunda ngeNkosey Institute ososayensi buchaza uxhulumaniso phakathi kokunyanzeliswa koonobumba kunye kunye nomnqweno oncitshisiweyo kunye nokusebenza ngokwesondo. Kuvavanyo olusebenzisa i-video ye-porn, i-50% yabaselula abafana nabasetyhini babengenakuvuswa okanye bafezekise kunye Iifayili eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziselwa iimvavanyo zangaphambili (iminyaka yobudala yayingu-29). Abaphandi abatshitshisayo bafumanisa ukuba i-erectile dysfunction yabesilisa yayinguye,

"Inxulumene namanqanaba aphakamileyo ekuvezeni kunye nokuvavanya ngezixhobo ezicacileyo zesondo."

Amadoda athathwe kakubi erectile ayesebenzisa ixesha elininzi kwimivalo kunye neendawo zokuhlambela apho ubonwabo "ekhoyo, "Kwaye"uqhubeka nokudlala. ” Abaphandi bathi:

"Ingxoxo kunye nezifundo zomeleza ingcamango yethu yokuba kwezinye iindawo ezikhuselekileyo kwi-erotica kubonakala zibangele ukunyaniseka okuphantsi kwe "vanilla ngokwesini" kunye neyodingo olwandisiweyo lwezinto ezintsha kunye nokuhluka, kwezinye iimeko zidibaniswe nemfuno ethile iintlobo zesistim ukuze uvuse. "

Ukuqonda Ubuntu kunye Neendlela Zokuziphatha Ukuchaza Ubundlobongela Bobulili Kwabesilisa Abalala Ngabantu (2016) - Inkcazo:

Ukuqhubela phambili, asifumani nxulumano phakathi kwe-CSBI Control and BIS-BAS. Oku kuya kubonisa ukuba ukungabikho kolawulo lokuziphatha ngokwesini kuhambelana nokuxhaswa ngokwesini kunye neendlela ezingavimbayo kwaye kungekhona ukusetyenziswa kokuziphatha ngokubanzi kunye neendlela zokuvimbela. Oku kuya kubonakala kukuxhasa ukucinga ukuxhatshazwa koxhatshazo ngokwesini njengento engasebenzi ngayo ngokwesini njengoko kucetyiswa nguKafka. Ukongezelela, akubonakali ukuba ukuxhatshazwa koxhatshazo kubonakaliso lwe-sex drive ephezulu, kodwa ukuba kubandakanya ukuxhalaba okuphezulu kunye nokungahambi kokulawula ukuphazamiseka, ubuncinane ngokubhekiselele ekuthintekeni ngenxa yeziphumo ezimbi ezingalindelekanga.

Ukuxhaswa ngokwesondo kunye nokuxhatshazwa okungafanelekiyo Ukunqumanisa ukuxhatshazwa kwe-Cybersex kwi-Male-Sexual Male (Laier et al., 2015) Uphononongo lwe-Neuropsychological luxele iimpawu kunye neempawu zokulutha kumadoda athandana namanye (ukuthanda kakhulu / ukukhuthaza) - Isicatshulwa:

 Injongo yale sifundo yayiyikuvavanya lo mbambano kwisampuli yabesilisa abangqingili. Imibuzo ihlolwe iimpawu ze-CA, uvakalelo kwintlonipho yesondo, iifoto zoonografi zisebenzisa iishukumiso, ukuziphatha okubi ngokwesini, iimpawu zengqondo, kunye neendlela zokuziphatha ngokwesini kunye ne-intanethi. Ngaphezu koko, abathathi-nxaxheba bajonga iividiyo zoononopopasho kwaye babonisa ukuvuswa kwabo ngokwesondo ngaphambi nangemva kwevidiyo. Iziphumo zabonisa ukudibanisa okunzulu phakathi kweempawu ze-CA kunye nezibonakaliso zokuvusa ngesondo kunye nokuzikhusela ngokwesondo, ukuziphatha ngokuziphatha ngokwesini, kunye neempawu zesqondo.

I-CA yayingadibaniswanga nokuziphatha okungaxhunyiwe kwi-intanethi kunye nexesha lokusebenzisa i-cyber ngeveki. Ukujongana nokuziphatha ngokwesondo ngokuyinxalenye kulwalamano phakathi kokuzonwabisa ngokwesondo kunye ne-CA. Iziphumo ziyafaniswa nezo zixeliweyo zamadoda nabafazi kwizifundo zangaphambili kwaye zixoxwa ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yeengcinga ze-CA, eziqaqambisa indima yokuqiniswa okuhle nokungalunganga ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwe-cybersex.

Ukunyanzeliswa, ukuziphatha kakubi ngokwesondo, kunye neengozi zesondo-ukuthatha amadoda aseMzaneni abaselula kunye nabafazi abasemabini: Abafundi be-P18 Study (2016) - Inkcazo:

Isini esincinci, isini esahlukileyo, kunye namanye amadoda abelana ngesondo namadoda (i-YMSM) asemngciphekweni wokufumana uxinzelelo kunye nokuziphatha ngaphandle kwekhondomu ... Sifumene ulungelelwaniso olubalulekileyo phakathi kwe-CSB kunye noxinzelelo kunye naphakathi kwe-CSB kunye nokuhamba rhoqo kwezenzo zesondo ezenziwa ngaphandle kweekhondom ezichazwe ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezingama-30. Iziphumo zeMultivariate zifumanise ukuba ubukho boxinzelelo kunye ne-CSB banegalelo ekuphakamiseni ukuthatha umngcipheko ngokwesondo phakathi kwale YMSM yasezidolophini.

IiMidiya ezicacileyo ngokwesondo kunye ne-Sexual Condomless Sex (Sexual Sex) - Inkcazo:

Amadoda athandana namanye athandana nabesilisa nabasetyhini (i-GBM) baxele ukujonga ngakumbi imithombo yeendaba ezesondo (SEM) kunamadoda athandanayo. Kukho ubungqina bokuba i-SEM ebonisa isini esibuhlungu esingasasebenziyo sinokudityaniswa nokuzibandakanya kwi-CAS engenasondo (CAS) kwaye ke ukuhanjiswa kwe-HIV / STI phakathi kwe-GBM… .. kwabakho unxibelelwano phakathi kwesixa se-SEM esetyenzisiweyo kunye neepesenti ze-SEM ebuyileyo esetyenzisiweyo kuzo zombini. iziphumo, ezifana tabantu abathintekayo abavakalisa i-frequency frequency ye-SEM yokusetyenziswa kunye nepesenteji ephezulu ye-SEM yabo yokubhaliweyo babika amanqanaba aphezulu okuziphatha komngcipheko. Ezi ziphumo ziqakathekisa indima ekhunjulwayo eboniswe kwi-SEM ingadlala ngokuqhelekileyo kwimiqathango yokuziphatha kwengozi ye-GBM.

Ukuchithwa kwezesondo ngokucacileyo ngokwesondo njengento yesiganeko phakathi kwesini, isini, kunye nabanye abantu abalala ngesondo kunye namadoda (2018)- Inkcazo:

Ukulibaziseka kwe-1-minyaka kwiminyaka yokuqala ye-SEM ukuchasana kwabangela ukuba i-3% iyancipha kwiingxaki zokubandakanyeka kwisini esingafananga nesinit. Lo mbutho wahlala ophawulekayo kwiimpawu ze-3 ezahlukileyo ezinokulawulwa iminyaka yobudala besondo, iminyaka yobudala bezesondo zangaphambili, kunye nobudala obukhoyo, ngokulandelanayo. Lo mbutho wahlolisiswa ngokobuzwe obunjalo ukuba umphumo wawunamandla phakathi kwamadoda aseLatinino.

Izigqibo: I-GBMSM abaye bavezwa kwi-SEM ngaphambili kwimpilo yabo bachaza ukuziphatha komngcipheko wesondo njengabantu abadala. Ukuchithwa kwe-SEM kwi-GBMSM kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphuhliswa kwezesondo ezibalulekileyo ezifanele ukuphanda.

Imithombo ye-intanethi ye-intanethi kunye nomngcipheko wesondo phakathi kwabantu abalala ngesondo nabantu base-United States (2014) - Ngcaciso:

Olu phofu lujolise ekuchazeni ukusetyenziswa kwamabhinqa e-intanethi (SEOM) ngokucacileyo phakathi kwabantu abalala ngesondo kunye nabesilisa (MSM) eUnited States kwaye bahlolisise imibutho phakathi kokuchasana nomntu ongathandanga ukulala (UAI) kwi-SEOM kunye nokubandakanyeka kokubili kwe-UAI kunye ne-UAI ye-serodiscordant.

Kwiinyanga ze-3 ngaphambi kokuba udliwano-ndlebe, ngaphezu kwesigamu (57%) yamadoda abike ukubukela i-SEOM enye okanye ngaphezulu kwezihlandlo ngosuku kunye nesiqingatha (45%) babike ukuba ubuncinane ubuncinci be-SEOM bajonge i-UAI. Ukuqhathaniswa nabathathi-nxaxheba abachazela ukuba i-0-24% ye-SEOM abayibonile ibonisa i-UAI, abathathi-nxaxheba abavakalisa ukuba i-25-49, i-50-74, okanye i-75-100% ye-SEOM abayibonile i-UAI ibandise ukwanda kweengxaki zokubandakanya kwi-UAI kunye ne-serodiscordant UAI kwiinyanga ezidlulileyo ze-3. Njengoko i-SEOM iye yaziwa ngokubanzi kwaye ifumaneka, uphando lufanele luhlolisise ubudlelwane be-causal phakathi kokusetyenziswa kwe-SEOM kunye nokuthatha ingozi yesondo phakathi kwe-MSM kunye neendlela zokusebenzisa i-SEOM yokukhusela i-HIV.

Ubudlelwane phakathi kokusetyenziswa koononografi nokuziphatha kakubi ngokwesini phakathi kwabantu abasengozini ye-HIV abalala ngesondo kunye namadoda (2010) - Inkcazo:

iziphumo: Ixesha elichithwe ukubukela iphonografi lalinxulunyaniswa kakhulu nokuba namaqabane esini ngakumbi kunye nokuziphatha okungakhuselekanga kwezesondo. Ngaphaya koko, ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi okwandileyo kunye nokwehla kokuqonda komngcipheko wosulelo lwe-HIV kwafunyanwa kunxulunyaniswa kakhulu nexesha elininzi elichithwe kubukelwa iphonografiy.

Izigqibo: Olu pho nonongo lubonisa ukuba lubuqilima kwimibutho phakathi kokubukela iphonografi kunye nomngcipheko wezesondo ukuthatha usulelo lwe-HIV. Izifundo zexesha elizayo kule ndawo zimele zijolise ekuqondeni indlela umxholo wezografi; ngokukodwa, ukujonga kwezenzo zesondo ezingakhuselekanga nokukhuseleka, kunokuchaphazela umngcipheko wesondo ngokuziphatha.

Ukujonga imifanekiso engamanyala ebonisa ukuziphatha komntu ongathintekiyo: ngaba kukho iingxaki zokukhusela i-HIV phakathi kwamadoda alala namadoda? (2012)- Inkcazo:

Ulawulo lwe-Polytomous regression lwezifundo ze-751 ezinikezela iinkcukacha kwi-pornography ekuboniseni zibonise kakhulu iziphumo zokuba zibandakanyekile kwi-UAI, i-UAI yokufaka i-UAI, kunye ne-UAI yokumkela kunye nokufakela i-UAI ehambelana nokunyuka kwepesenti zoononografi zijonge ezo zibonisa u-UAI. Sifumane iinkampani ezizimeleyo zokubandakanya i-UAI ngobudala, ukusebenzisa i-nitrites engapheliyo kunye ne-HIV. Nangona idatha ayinakukwazi ukuseka imeko, iziphumo zethu zibonisa ukuba ukubukela iifotolizo ezibonisa i-UAI kunye nokubandakanya kwi-UAI zihambelana. Uphando olongezelelweyo lufunekayo ukuchonga ukuba le ngqalelo ingaba nencedo lokukhusela i-HIV.

Ukuphonononga ubudlelwane phakathi kokusetyenziswa kwesigxina esicacisayo ngesondo kunye nokuziphatha komngcipheko wesondo kwisampula yamadoda alala nesilisa eNorway (2015) - Ngcaciso:

Injongo yale sifundo yayikuphanda iindlela zokusetyenziswa kwezinto eziphathekayo zesini esinobulili (SEM) phakathi kwabesilisa abalala ngesini kunye nabesilisa (MSM) eNorway, ngokugxininiswa ngakumbi kwintsebenziswano enokwenzeka phakathi kokusetyenziswa kwe-SEM ye-gay kunye nokuziphatha kwengozi ye-HIV.

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-SEM kuye kwafunyaniswa kakhulu kunxulumene nokuziphatha kwengozi yesondo. Abathathi-nxaxheba ngokunyuka kokusetyenziswa kwe-SEM engabhaliweyo babika iingxaki eziphezulu ze-UAI kunye ne-I-UAI emva kokulungelelanisa ezinye izinto ezisebenzisa amaninzi amaninzi. I-MSM eyaqala ukusebenzisa i-SEM kwiminyaka emva yathi ingxelo engezantsi ye-UAI kunye ne-I-UAI kune-MSM eyaqala ngaphambili. Uphando lwexesha elizayo lufanele lujolise ekuqondeni indlela i-MSM yokuphuhlisa nokugcina iinketho ze-SEM kunye nolwalamano phakathi kwezinto zokuphuhlisa kunye nokugcinwa kweengcinezelo zezesondo ze-HIV.

Ukuqhelekileyo, ukuThatshazwa kunye nokuQinisekisa Ukusetyenziswa kweMidiya yoBucala: Ukufunyanwa kweeNtsholongwane usebenzisa i-Compulsive Consistation Consumer (CPC) Isilinganiselo phakathi kwala madoda alala ne-Men (2015) - Inkcazo:

Nangona ininzi (76-80%) i-MSM ayibhengezi iimpawu eziphosakeleyo, malunga ne-16-20% amanqanaba okunika ingxelo yokusetyenziswa kwe-SEM engxaki, kuquka i-7% kunye neziphumo ezigqithiseleyo ezihambelanayo neemfuno ze-DSM zeengxaki zokunyanzela. Ulwahlulo lwentlalo, ulwabelana ngesondo, kunye ne-HIV lwafunyanwa phakathi kwamaqela amathathu. Abaphandi kunye neeklinikhi bayakhuthazwa ukuba baqwalasele ukusebenzisa i-CPC kwisilinganiselo sokuhlola okubanzi okuziphatha ngokunyanzela ngokwesondo.

Ukuya kumaphepha oManyano angasebenziyo:

Studi Studies:

Ukuhla, MJ, Schrimshaw, EW, Scheinmann, R., Antebi-Gruszka, N., kunye neHirshfield, S. (2017). Ukusetyenziswa kwamacandelo eendaba ngokwesondo ngesazisi sezesondo: Uhlalutyo olulinganiswa nolwabafazi, abesilisa nabesilisa kunye nabesilisa abangabesilisa kunye nabo base-United States. Imiqulu yokuziphatha ngokwesondo, i-46 (6), i-1763-1776. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Isishwankathelo soManyano sibonakala siqikelelwa: Bobabini abesilisa nabasetyhini babika ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kwe-Intanethi ye-Intanethi xa kuthelekiswa nabantu abathandana nabo. I-20.7% yabesilisa abaqeshwe ngamadoda angqinileyo babika ukujonga ukuziphatha kwabantu besini ngesini esifanayo kunye ne-55.0% yabasetyhini abachongiweyo babika ingxelo yokujonga iifilimu zangaphandle.

Meiller, C., kunye neeHargons, CN (2019). "Luyolo kunye noXolo kunye noKhululwa": Ukujonga ukuphulula amalungu esini phakathi kwabafazi abathandanayo nabasetyhini. Ijenali yokuNika ingcebiso ngesondo kunye nokuba sempilweni kwezesondo: uPhando, ukuSebenza, kunye neMfundo, 1 (1), 3. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Citation ukunyuka kwamaxabiso njengoko isifundo singakhange sivavanye iziphumo zokusebenzisa iphonografi: yayisisifundo esifanelekileyo malunga nokuphulula amalungu esini. Ukuthetha ngokukhetha i-cherry, izicatshulwa ezimbalwa ezingabelwanga yi-RealYBOP:

Ukuba neengcamango ezixutywayo. Abathathi-nxaxheba babonakalisa iindlela ezimbi zoononophala abaphathe kakubi zabo, ngokukodwa njengabesetyhini kunye nabasetyhini abasetyhini. Abathathi-nxaxheba bajamelana neendlela zokunandipha kwaye bazive bekhululekile ekusebenzisaneni kwabo noononophala ngexesha lokukhwabanisa, ngelixa beqonda iimpembelelo ezininzi zoluntu kwiimpawu zoononophala. Joan
kwabelwana ngayo:

Ndicinga ukuba kunentlonelo enkulu yabasetyhini, abafazi abangaphantsi kweyona nto bajonga ngayo iifostile, uyazi? Ukuthobhisa kwabasetyhini, kwenziwa kuphela kumadoda, ingakumbi ukuba ungumfazi wesibini, uva loo nto

UJoan waqhubeka ekuchazeni indlela eye waqala ngayo ukuzinika imvume yokujonga iifoto kunye nokuhambelana neminye yale miyalezo. UGloria waziva enetyala ngenxa yokujonga iipostile ngenxa yokuba "inzululwazi ikwazisa ngokwenene imibono yabantu echanileyo malunga nezesini zesini kunye nabesilisa abalala ngokwesini, kwaye ndiziva ndibe netyala ngenxa yokuyijonga kwaye ndifumane o? kuyo. "Imvakalelo engqubuzanayo malunga noononophelo yayiza kubangela ukuba uzive unetyala okanye unciphise injabulo ngexesha lokuhlaziya iindlobongela kubafazi abadliwano-ndlebe.

UTræen, B., uNilsen, TSR, kunye noStigum, H. (2006). Ukusetyenziswa kwezonografi kwiimidiya zamasiko nakwi-intanethi eNorway. Umbhalo woPhando loSondo, i-43 (3), i-245-254. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Unokongeza umlinganiselo wokunyuka kwamaxabiso njengoko uphando aluzange luhlole imiphumo yokusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana. Qaphela, uphando lwenziwe kwi-2002.

Billard, TJ (2019). (Hayi) Ihlazo kuMdlalo: Impembelelo yeZonografi Ukujonga kwiimvakalelo ngokubhekiselele kwi-Transgender People. Iingxelo zoPhando zoNxibelelwano, i-36 (1), i-45-56. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Uphononongo luhlolisise ababukeli beentlophu zoonografi (i-reddit yoluntu ezinikezele ekubukeni i-transgender porn). Akuzange kuhlolwe imiphumo yokusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana. Iziphumo:

Kule sifundo, sifumane amanqaku amanqaku amaninzi kodwa ezinobungakanani obungabonakaliyo phakathi kokusetyenziswa koononografi kunye nokujonga isimo sengqondo ngabantu abantetho, ngelixa befumana ubudlelwane obukhulu kakhulu kwaye bukhulu phakathi kweentloni malunga neentlobano zesini kunye nabantu abanesimo sengqondo.

Nangona kungenakucatshulwa, ezi ziphumo zibonisa ubungqina bokuba phakathi kwababukeli bezonqulo zoononophelo zesondo ezithandwayo ngokwesondo kubaluleke kakhulu kwiimpembelelo kwiimfazana ezingafaniyo.

Ukubaluleka kwezi ziphumo ezingentla zihlala zicacile. Ngokuphathelele 'uhlazo' lwezifundo ezimbini zakutshanje zebunbununu isicatshulwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo esiphakamisayo esichaphazela umlutha woononopopayi:

Njengazo ezinye izifundo zoBambiswano, oku kuqinisekileyo ukuvavanya imiphumo ye-porn kumsebenzisi.

UMcCormack, M., kunye noWignall, L. (2017).Ulonwabe, ukuhlola kunye nemfundo: Ukuqonda ukusetyenziswa koononografi phakathi kwamadoda amancinci angaboniswanga ngokukhethekileyo ngokwesondo. I-Socialology, i-51 (5), i-975-991. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Unomxholo wokunyuka kwamaxabiso njengoko uphando aluzange luhlole iimiphumo zokusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana .Zifundo ze-35 kuphela. Udliwano-ndlebe, kungekhona. Abstract bathi "ukugqithwa kweengcamango kwakukho iingenelo zemfundo kula mabhinqa." Akumangalisi, njengoko abaninzi abaselula bafumana imfundo yabo yesini kwi-pornography. Ukhankanya ilungu le-Deniers Alliance ilungu lika-Alan Mckee, abalobi bayavuma ukuba abazange banomdla ekuhloleni imiphumo emibi yokusetyenziswa koonwabo:

Ukuze uhambise ngaphaya kwemiphumo emibi yeparadigm, McKee (2012) kubizwa ukuba imifanekiso engamanyala ikhulelwe njengendlela yokuzonwabisa. Wayexela ukuba oku kuza kusetyenziswa intsebenziswano eyahlukeneyo yocwaningo kunokuba enye igxile kwimiphumo emibi.

Esikhundleni sokugxila kwizinto ezinobungozi bezocografi, sinokusebenzisa indlela yokuhlalutya yokuhlola ubuninzi beemava ababathathi-nxaxheba ababenayo, ukususela ngexesha abaqala ukuyisebenzisa.

Ukuthatha-uninzi lwabafana abancinci bathanda iphonografi.

UDöring, N. (2000). Iimbono zabasetyhini nge-cybersex: Uhlaselo, inkululeko kunye nokuxhotyiswa. ICyberPsychology kunye nokuziphatha, i-3 (5), 863-884. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Ukucaphula okuthe kratya njengoko kungenanto yakwenza nomxholo weli candelo okanye ifuthe le-porn kumbukeli. Ayisiyonto ingaphezulu kokungahleliwe, isiqwenga seminyaka engama-20, esithi:

"I-cybersex ivumela abantu besetyhini ukuba bahlolisise ngokuziphatha kwabo ngokwesondo kwaye banandipha ngakumbi ngesondo, ubulili obubhetele, kunye nobulili obuhlukile"

Okokuqala, ezinye iindidi zengcamango ziphikisana nokufumana oku (uphando lwezentando zeGoogle lwezentografi + ubuya besifazane 57,000 icatshulwa). Isibini, ukuxhomekeka kweengxelo zidibanisa ukusetyenziswa koononophelo "kwiingcamango ezingafaniyo" malunga nabasetyhini kunye neembono zesondo.

Icandelo lokunyamezela

Umxholo / uqobo: Ukunyamezela okanye ukukhubazeka kuyimfuneko yezilingo eziphezulu zezidakamizwa okanye ukukhuthazwa okukhulu kwinzame yokufezekisa umphumo oyifunayo. Ngamanye amaxesha le nto ibizwa ngokuba yi-desensitization okanye i-habitation (impendulo engaphantsi nangaphantsi kweziyobisi okanye i-stimulus). Nabasebenzisi bezononono, ukunyamezela / ukunyamezela kubangela ukukhunjulwa kunye nohlobo lwangoku okanye uhlobo lwe-pornography. Ukuvuselela okukhulu kuninzi kufezekiswa ngokunyuka kwezinto ezintsha okanye ezigqithisileyo zoononophala.

Ukunyamezela kungabonakalisa inkqubo yokulutha umlutha okanye ukuxhomekeka komzimba ngaphandle komlutha. I-Prause, Ley kunye namanye amaDeniers ayibonakali ukuqonda umahluko. Ngokomzekelo, izigidi zabantu zithatha amanqanaba aphezulu amayeza afana ne-opioids yeentlungu ezingapheliyo, okanye i-prednisone yezimo ezizimeleyo. Ubuchopho babo kunye nezicubu ziye zithembela kubo, kwaye ukuyeka ukusetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza kunokubangela iimpawu ezinzima zokuhoxisa. Nangona kunjalo a kunjalo umlutha. Umlutha uquka ukutshintshwa kweengqondo ezininzi ezizinzile ezikhokelela kwiingcali ezibizwa ngokuba yi "addiction phenotype." Ukuba ukwahlukana akucaci, ndincoma le Inkcazo elula yeNIDA.

ICandelo loNyamezelo loMbutho kungenzeka ukuba lenziwe njengesixhobo sabaDeniers ukubanga ukuba ukubakho kweziyobisi ezingamanyala akusekho kuba ukunyamezelana kusafuneka kubonisiwe (bubuxoki obo). Amalungu amaninzi e-Alliance (uPrause, uJanssen, uGeorgiadis, uFinn, uKlein noKohut) bazamile esi sicwangciso sinamaphutha kumanqaku amabini adlulileyo athi i-YBOP yachithwa:

Abalahla bayaphilile kwiibini ezimbini:

  1. Okokuqala, ukunyamezela akudingeki ukuba uhlolisise umlutha. Wena uya kufumana ulwimi "ukunyamezela okanye ukuhoxiswa kuyimfuneko okanye kwanele ukuxilongwa ..."Kuzo zombini i-DSM-IV-TR kunye ne-DSM-5 apho bajongana nomlutha.
  2. Oko kwathiwa, zombini yophando lwe-intanethi kwaye ezininzi iingxelo bonise ukuba abanye abasebenzisi bezonyango bavalelwa ngokwenene rhoxiswa kunye / okanye unyamezelo. Ukusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye neendlela, ezi zilandelayo ziqela zeengxelo zichaza ingxelo yokuba "i-pornography rhoqo" kunye nokwanda kwezinto ezigqithiseleyo kwaye ezingavamile. Abambalwa baphinda babike iimpawu zokuhoxiswa: Izifundo ezingaphezu kwe-40 zokubika iziphumo zihambelane nokukhula kwezilwanyana (ukunyamezela), ukuhlala kwimiba yezononophelo, kunye nokukhutshwa kweempawu

Abasebenzisi be-intanethi be-intanethi, ukunyamezela okukhokelela ekunyuseni kuye kwabikwa kwimizimbilini kunye nezobugcisa ixesha elithile ngoku. UNorman Doidge MD wabhala ngale nto kwi-2007 yakhe yokuthengisa Ubungqina Obuguqula:

Ubhubhane wangoku we-porn unika umfanekiso ocacileyo wokuba ukuthanda izinto zesondo kunokufunyanwa. Imifanekiso engamanyala, ehanjiswa ngesantya esiphezulu kwi-Intanethi, yanelisa nganye yezinto ezifunekayo zotshintsho lwe-neuroplastic… Xa oonografi beqhayisa ukuba bayayityhala imvulophu ngokuzisa imixholo emitsha, enzima, abangayithethiyo kukuba kufuneka, kuba abathengi babo bakha ukunyamezelana nomxholo. Amaphepha angasemva amaphephancwadi abonisa ubungozi kumadoda kunye neendawo ze-Intanethi ezizaliswe ziintengiso zeViagra-uhlobo lwamayeza-amayeza enzelwe amadoda amadala aneengxaki ze-erectile ezinxulumene nokwaluphala kunye nemithambo yegazi evaliweyo kwilungu lobudoda.

Namhlanje, abafana abancinci abatyhutyha iphonografi boyika kakhulu ukungabinamandla, okanye "ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-erectile" njengoko kubizwa njalo. Ixesha elilahlekisayo lithetha ukuba la madoda anengxaki kwiipenisi zawo, kodwa ingxaki isezintloko zawo, kwiimephu zawo zobuchopho. Ilungu lobudoda lisebenza kakuhle xa besebenzisa iphonografi. Ayifane yenzeke kubo into yokuba kunokubakho ubudlelwane phakathi kwamanyala abawasebenzisayo kunye nokungabi namandla kwabo.

kwi 2012 reddit / nofap velise a uphando lwelungu, efumene ukuba ngaphezu kwe-60% yamanqweno eentlobano zesini kunye namava amaninzi amaninzi.

Umbuzo: Ngaba ukuthanda kwakho izinto zoonografi kwatshintsha?

  • Ukuthanda kwam akuzange kutshintshe kakhulu - 29%
  • Ukuthanda kwam kwanda kakhulu okanye kunxaxha kwaye oku kungenza ndive neentloni okanye uxinzelelo - 36%
  • Ukuthanda kwam kwanda kakhulu okanye kungaphambuki kwaye oko kwenzeka hayi bangela ndive neentloni okanye uxinzelelo - 27%

Kwaye nantsi i2017 ubungqina obuvela kwi-PornHub ukuba ubulili boqobo buyancipha ngokukhawuleza kubasebenzisi boononophelo. I-Porn ayilungiseleli abantu ukuba bafumane umdla wabo "wokwenene"; kuqhuba kwabo ngaphaya kwesiqhelo kwiingcebiso ukuze bajonge uhlobo oluthile oluqhelekileyo kunye neengoma "ezingenangqiqo":

Kubonakala ngathi imeko iyahamba ngakumbi ukuya kwimfesane kunokwenyani. 'I-generic' ye-porn ithathelwa indawo yimibono ethile okanye iimeko ezithile. Ngaba oku kubangelwa kukudikwa okanye ukuthanda ukwazi? Inye into eqinisekileyo; 'ukuphuma, ukuphuma ngaphakathi' akusenelisekisi kubantu, ngokucacileyo abafuna into eyahlukileyo ”utshilo uGqirha Laurie Betito.

Ngezantsi sizinikela ngemimiselo embalwa yokunyuka kwamanani kunye nokujwayela / ukunyamezela kwababukeli bezononografi kuludwe lwezifundo ezingaphezulu kwe-40:

Siqala ngowona mkhulu kunabo bonke (n = 6463) kunye novavanyo olutshanje: Ubuninzi, iipatheni kunye neempembelelo ezizimeleyo zoTyhila. Ukusetyenziswa kwezifundo zabafundi basePolish University. (2019). Uphononongo luxele yonke into ibango likaDenier alikho: ukunyamezelana / ukuhlala, ukunyuka kokusetyenziswa, ukufuna iintlobo ezigqithileyo zokuvuselelwa ngokwesondo, iimpawu zokurhoxa xa uyeka, iingxaki zesondo ezibangelwa ziintlobano zesini, umlutha we-porn kunye nokunye. Iinkcazo ezimbalwa ezinxulumene nokunyamezelana / ukuhlala / ukunyuka:

Iintlobo eziqhelekileyo ezizimeleyo ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo zokusetyenziswa koonografi zibandakanya: imfuneko yokuvuselela ixesha elide (12.0%) kunye nesistim sezesondo (17.6%) ukufikelela kwi-orgasm, kunye nokunciphisa ukwaneliseka ngokwesondo (24.5%) ...

Uphononongo lwangoku lubonisa ukuba ukuvezwa kwangaphambili kunokunxulumaniswa nokungafuneki kwisistim sezesondo njengoko kuboniswe yimfuneko yokuvuselela ixesha elide kunye nesistim sezesondo ezifunekayo ukuze kufinyelelwe kwi-orgasm xa kudla izinto ezicacileyo, kwaye ngokubanzi kuncipha ukwaneliseka ngokwesondo ....

Ukutshintshwa kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zoonografi ezisebenzisayo zenzeka kwixesha lokuchaswa kwabikwa: ukutshintshela uhlobo oluthile lwezinto ezicacileyo (i-46.0%), ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezingafanelanga ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesini (60.9%) kwaye kufuneka usebenzise ngaphezulu izinto ezigqithiseleyo (ezinobundlobongela) (32.0%). The ekugqibeleni yayisoloko ibhengezwa ngabasetyhini ukuzicingela ngokwabo njengolwazi oluqhathaniswa nalabo ababhekiselele kubo njengento engathandekiyo

Uphononongo lwangoku lufumene ukuba imfuneko yokusebenzisa izinto ezigqithiseleyo zoononografi yayidla ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngamadoda azichaza ngokwazo.

Imiqondiso eyongezelelweyo yokunyamezela / ukunyuka: ukufuna iithebhu ezininzi ezivulekileyo kunye nokusebenzisa ii-porn ngaphandle kwekhaya:

Uninzi lwabafundi abavunyelwe ukusebenzisa imodare yangasese (i-76.5%, n = 3256) kunye neefestile ezininzi (51.5%, n = 2190) xa ukhangela i-intanethi ye-intanethi. Ukusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana ezingekho phantsi kwezilwanyana kwakungabhengezwa ngu-33.0% (n = 1404).

Ngaphambilini ubudala bokusetyenziswa kokuqala ezinxulumene neengxaki ezinkulu kunye noxilongo (oku kuthetha ngokuchanekileyo ukubonisa ukunyamezela-ukunyuka kwamanani):

Ubudala bokuqala kokubhengezwa kwezinto ezicacileyo kuhlanganiswe nokunyuka kwimiba emibi yecalografi kubantu abaselula-iimpawu eziphezulu zifunyenwe kubafazi kunye nabesilisa abonakaliswe kwiminyaka eyi-12 okanye ngaphantsi. Nangona isifundo esinqamlezileyo singavumeli uvavanyo lwe-causation, oku kufumanisa ngokwenene kubonisa ukuba ubumbano obuntwaneni kunye nomxholo woononografi unokuba neziphumo zesikhathi eside ....

Izinga lomlingo laliphezulu, nangona "kwakuzibona":

Ukusetyenziswa kwansuku zonke kunye nokuzikhohlisa komzimba kubalwe ngu-10.7% kunye ne-15.5%, ngokulandelanayo.

Uphononongo lubonise iimpawu zokurhoxisa, nangona kungabikho izilutha (uphawu olucacileyo lweenguqu zengqondo ezinxulumene neziyobisi):

Phakathi kwabo baphononongiweyo abathi bangabasebenzisi bamanyala abakhoyo ngoku (n = 4260), i-51.0% yamkelwe ukuba yenze okungenani inzame enye yokuyeka ukuyisebenzisa ngaphandle kokuphindaphindeka kwezi zilingo phakathi kwamadoda nabasetyhini (p> 0.05 Uvavanyo 2). I-72.2% yabo bazama ukuyeka ukusebenzisa iphonografi ibonakalise amava ubuncinci bezinto ezinxulumene noko, kwaye ezona zinto ziqwalaselwa rhoqo zibandakanya amaphupha enkanuko (53.5%), ukungakhathali (26.4%), ukuphazamiseka kwengqwalaselo (26.0%), kunye nengqondo isizungu (22.2%) (2 Table).

Uninzi lwabathathi-nxaxheba babekholelwa ukuba i-pornography yinkcubeko yomphakathi:

Kwisifundo samanje, Abafundi abaphandwayo bavame ukubonisa ukuba ukugqithiswa koonografi kunokuba nesiphumo esibi kwiintlalontle zentlalo, impilo yengqondo, ukusebenza ngokwesondo, kwaye kunokuchaphazela ukuphuhliswa kwengqondo kubuntwaneni nangobutsha. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwawo aluzange luxhase nayiphi na imfuno yemingcipheko yokufikelela kwiifographie ....

Ukukhankanya ibango lokuba imeko ekhoyo ngaphambili yinto engokoqobo, kungekhona ukusetyenziswa kobugqwetha, isifundo sifumane ukuba iimpawu zobuntu azihambelani neziphumo:

Ngaphandle kwezinye izinto, akukho nampawu zobuntu, ezazingabonakali kulolu cwaningo, zahlula imilinganiselo efundwayo yoonografi. Ezi ziphumo zixhasa inkcazo yokuba ukufikelela kunye nokuvezwa kweentlophu zoonografi zikhoyo ngokubanzi kakhulu ukuba zichaze impawu ezithile zengqondo zabasebenzisi bayo. Nangona kunjalo, kwakubonwa umdla olumdla ngokuphathelele abathengi abavakalisa isidingo sokujonga umxholo ogqithisileyo woononopopasho. Njengoko kubonisiwe, Ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kwezixhobo ezicacileyo zinokuthi zidibaniswe nokuchithwa kwemfuno ezikhokelela kwisidingo sokujonga umxholo ogqithiseleyo ukuze kufumanekel.

Nalu olunye lwezifundo zokuqala ukubuza abasebenzisi be-porn ngqo malunga nokukhula: Imisebenzi yoxhatshazo kwi-intanethi: Ukuphononongwa ngokuphonononga kwimizekelo yokusebenzisa ingxaki kunye nokungenanto ingxaki kwisampula yamadoda (2016). Ucwaningo lwengxelo yokukhula, njengoko i-49% yamadoda ibike ukubukela i-porn eyayingeyona nto ibangel 'umdla kubo okanye ukuba babeyicinga njengento enyanyekayo. Ingqungquthela:

Amashumi amabini anesithoba ekhulwini akhankanya amaxesha athile afuna umxholo wesondo okanye abandakanyeka kwii-OSA ezazingekho umdla kubo ngaphambili okanye ukuba zicinge njengezothe.

Imodeli yoLawulo oluBini: Indima yokuThintelwa kwezeSondo kunye noKonwabisa kwi-Arousal kunye nokuziphatha, 2007. IYunivesithi ye-Indiana University, Umhleli: Erick Janssen, iphe.197-222.  Kuvavanyo olusebenzisa i-video ye-porn (yohlobo olusetyenziswe kwizilingo zangaphambili), i-50% yabaselula abazange bakwazi ukuvuswa okanye ukufezekisa izilungiso kunye ne-porn (iminyaka yobudala yayingu-29). Abaphandi abatshitshisayo bafumanisa ukuba i-erectile dysfunction yabesilisa yayinguye,

ezinxulumene namanqanaba aphakamileyo ekuvezeni kunye namava ngezinto ezicacileyo zesini.

Amadoda abhekene nokusebenza kakubi kwe-erectile aye achitha ixesha elininzi kwiimivalo kunye neendawo zokuhlambela apho ubonwabo "bebonke" kunye "nokudlala ngokuqhubekayo." Abaphandi bathi:

Ingxoxo kunye nezifundo zomeleza ingcamango yethu yokuba kwezinye iindawo ezikhuselekileyo kwi-erotica kubonakala zibangele ukunyaniseka okuphantsi kwe "vanilla ngokwesini" kunye neyodingo olwandisiweyo lwezinto ezintsha kunye nokuhluka, kwezinye iimeko zidibaniswe nemfuno ethile iintlobo zesistim ukuze uvuse.

Uphononongo olutshanje lujongene ngqo nombuzo wokunyamezela: Iimpawu zokungazingeli kunye neenkalo ezihambelanayo zihluke phakathi kokuzonwabisa kunye nokungalawulwa ngokungafaniyo kwe-intanethi ye-intanethi (2019) - Inkcazo:

Esinye isizathu esibangel 'umdla kukuba ubungakanani besiphumo seemvavanyo zithuba emva kweeseshoni ngeseshoni, xa kuthelekiswa nabasebenzisi [abangxaki] abangabonwanga ngabasebenzisi abakhawulezayo, bephakamileyo [kubasebenzisi abanenkinga] xa kuthelekiswa nokuvama ngeveki. Oku kungabonisa ukuba abantu abane-IP engabhalwanga [i-intanethi] basebenzisa ubunzima kakhulu ukuyeka ukubukela i-IP ngexesha leseshoni okanye badinga ixesha elide ukufezekisa umvuzo oyifunayo, onokuthelekiswa nehlobo lokunyamezela kwiimeko zokusebenzisa izidakamizwa.

Kuthiwani malunga nokufunda kwexesha elide? Ukubonakaliswa kwezixhobo zesini kwi-intanethi ebusheni kunye nokuchithwa kwezinto eziphathekayo kwisini (2018)- Abstract:

Uphononongo lwangoku lujolise ekuhloliseni izinto ezichazwe ngokwesini kwi-Intanethi kwaye kunokuthi kube nomphumo ongathandekiyo kumbono we-intanethi ye-intanethi ngexesha elide. Uyilo lokufunda lwalude; Idatha yaqokelelwa kumaza e-3 kwiinyanga ezili-6 eziliqela ukusuka kwi-2012. Isampuli ziquka abaphenduli be-1134 (amantombazana, i-58.8%; ithetha iminyaka yobudala, i-13.84 ± 1.94 iminyaka) kwizikolo ze-55.

Iziphumo zibonise ukuba abaphenduli batshintshile indlela abazijonga ngayo ngesondo malunga ne-Intanethi ngokuxhomekeke kwiminyaka, ukuphindaphinda kwexesha kunye nokuba ingaba i-exposure is intention. Baye baxhatshazwa ngenxa yokungaxhatshazwa kakhulu ngumxholo wesini. Iziphumo zingabonisa ukuqhelaniswa kwezinto eziphatheka ngokwesini kwi-Intanethi ngexesha lokukhula.

Olunye uphando lwe-adolecnt: Impembelelo yokuBoniswa koonografi kwi-Junior High School intsha yasePontianak kwi-2008 (2009) - Sebenzisa iphonografi yaseMalaysia kwisikolo sabafundi abaphezulu. Ikhethekile ekubeni le kuphela kwesifundo sokuxela ukunyuka kwezinto ezibaxekileyo, ukungafuneki (ukunyamezelana), kunye neziyobisi ezingamanyala kulutsha. (Sisifundo kuphela ukubuza ulutsha le mibuzo.)

I-83.3% yabantwana abasesikolweni esiphakamileyo esikolweni asePontianak baye baveza kwiimifanekiso engamanyala, kwaye bevela kwiindawo ezibonakalayo njenge-79.5% abachaphazelekayo kwimiphumo yokungaboniswa koonografi. Iintsholongwane ezithatha imiphumo yokungabonakali kweefografi njengokuba i-19.8% yayisisigaba sokuxhatshazwa, [phakathi kwezilwelwe] i-69.2% kwinqanaba lokukhula, [phakathi kwalabo abaye baqhubela] i-61.1% isigaba sokwenyusa, kwaye [ phakathi kwabo ngubani ochaze ukungafuni] I-31.8% yayisegaleni lokusebenza.

Kuthiwani ngovavanyo lokuskena kwengqondo? BUkwakhiwa kwemvula kunye nokuQhagamshelana okuSebenzayo Okuxhamene neZonografi Ukusetyenziswa: Ubunono kwi-Porn (Kühn kunye neGallinat, 2014). Olu phononongo lweMax Planck fMRI lufumene into engwevu kwinkqubo yomvuzo (dorsal striatum) ehambelana nenani le-porn elityiweyo. Kwakhona kwafumanisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa koononophelo okungaphezulu kunxulumene nomvuzo omncinci wokusebenza kwesekethe ngelixa ujonga ngokufutshane iifoto zesondo. Abaphandi bacinga ukuba iziphumo zabo zibonisa ukungafuneki, kunye nokunyamezelana, esisidingo sokukhuthaza ngakumbi ukufikelela kwinqanaba elifanayo lokuvuka. Umbhali okhokelayo USimone Kühn uthe oku kulandelayo malunga nokufunda kwakhe:

Oku kusenokuthetha ukuba ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kweentlophu zoonografi kutyhubela inkqubo yokuvuza. ... Ngoko ke sicinga ukuba izifundo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamanyala ephakamileyo zifuna i-stimuli enamandla kunokuba ifinyelele kwizinga elifanayo lomvuzo .... Oku kuyahambelana neziphumo ekusebenziseni ukusebenza kwe-striatum kwezinye iindawo zobuchopho: ukusetyenziswa kokugqithisa okubonakalayo kudibene nokudibanisa nokunciphisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwendawo yomvuzo kunye ne-prefrontal cortex.

Olunye uphando lokuhlola ubuchopho Ukwazisa, ukulungiswa kwemeko kunye nokukhathalela ingqalelo kwimivuzo yesondo (2015). Ucwaningo lwe-FMRI kwi-University of Cambridge ukunika ingxelo ebaluleke kakhulu kwisenzo sokwabelana ngesondo nakubasebenzisi bentlonelo. Ingqungquthela:

I-online stimuli ecacileyo inkulu kwaye iyanda, kwaye le nto ingakhuthaza ukunyuka kokusetyenziswa kwabanye abantu. Umzekelo, amadoda aphilileyo abukela ngokuphindaphindiweyo ifilimu efanayo ecacileyo ifunyenwe ukuba ihlale kwindawo yokuvuselela kwaye ifumane ukukhuthazwa okucacileyo njengokuqhubeka kancinci kokuvuselela ngokwesondo, ukunganiki mdla kwaye kungafunisi kangako (IKoukounas kunye neNgaphezulu, 2000). … Sibonisa ngokuzama oko kubonwa eklinikhi ukuba iZenzo eziSinyanzelayo zezoSondo zibonakaliswa kukufuna izinto ezintsha, imeko kunye nokuziqhelanisa nezesondo kumadoda..

Ukususela ekukhululweni kwenkcazelo ehambelanayo:

Esi siphumo esifanayo senzeke kwindoda enempilo eboniswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ividiyo yeefayili efanayo. Kodwa xa bejonga ividiyo entsha, inqanaba lomdla kunye nokuvusa libuyela kwizinga langaphambili. Oku kuthetha ukuba, ukukhusela umkhuba, umlutha wesondo uza kufuna ukufumana rhoqo imifanekiso emitsha. Ngamanye amagama, ukuhlala kwimeko kunokuqhuba ukukhangela imifanekiso yamanoveli.

"Iziphumo zethu zibaluleke ngokukodwa kumxholo weentengiso zoonografi," wongezela uDkt Voon. "UAkucaci ukuba yintoni ebangela ukuba likhoboka lesini kwindawo yokuqala kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba abanye abantu bafanele ukuba babe nomlutha ngakumbi kunabanye, kodwa ukubonakala okungapheliyo kwemifanekiso yesondo yenoveli ekhoyo kwi-Intanethi inceda ukondla iziyobisi, ukuyenza ngakumbi nangakumbi kunzima ukubaleka."

Kuthiwani ngo-Nicole Prause we-EEG yokufunda, eyona nto yayifumene nayo? Ukuqulunqwa kweMifanekiso emihle yexesha elizayo ngeZithombe zoSondo kwi-Problem users and Controls. (Prause et al., 2015). Ukuthelekiswa nokulawula "abantu abajongene neengxaki ezilawula ukujonga kwabo ngoonobumba" babe neempendulo ezingaphantsi kweengqondo kwisithuba esinye sesibini kwizithombe ze-porno ye-vanilla. I umbhali okhokelayo ibango le miphumo "debunk umlutha wezobisi." Ngokweqileko, yintoni inzululwazi oyimfuneko ebanga ukuba ukufundwa kwabo okungabikho komntu kwintsimi efunyenweyo yokufunda?

Enyanisweni, iziphumo ze Prause et al. I2015 ihambelanise ngokupheleleyo Kühn & Gallinat (2014), ofumanisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa koonobumba obuninzi kunxulumene nokusebenza kwengqondo engaphantsi ekuphenduleni imifanekiso ye-porno ye-vanilla. I Prause et al. iziphumo zihambelana nazo Banca et al. 2015, echaze ukuba ukufundwa kwe-EEG ephantsi kuthetha ukuba izifundo zihlawula ingqwalasela engakumbi kwimifanekiso kunezolawulo. Ukubeka ngokulula, abasebenzisi bezononophelo abaqhelekileyo babengenasisiseko kwiimifanekiso eziqingqiweyo ze-vanilla porn. Babenxunguke (bajwayele okanye banqabile). Amaphepha asibhozo ahlaziywe ngontanga avuma ukuba Prause et al. I-2015 yifumene ifunyanwe ukuxhatshazwa / ukuhlala kubasebenzisi bezononophelo abahlala rhoqo (ngokuhambisana nomlutha).

Nalu olunye uphando oluxeliweyo zombini ukunyamezela kunye nokuhoxiswa (izinto ezimbini zePrause Lancet isiqwenga samanga ukuba akukho zifundo zoonobumba ezichazwe):Ukuphuhliswa kweNgxaki yokuTyekisa i-Pornography Scale (PPCS) (2017). Eli phepha liphuhlise kwaye livavanya i-questionnaire esebenzayo yokusebenzisa i-questionnaire eyayihlanjululwa emva kwemibuzo yoluhlu lwezilwanyana. Le mibuzo yemibuzo ye-18 ihlolisise ukunyamezela kunye nokuhoxiswa ngale mibuzo ilandelayo ye-6:

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Umbuzo ngamnye wawuthatyathwa ukusuka kwinye ukuya kwi sixhenxe kwisikali se-Likert: 1- Akunjalo, i-2- Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-3- ngamanye amaxesha, i-4- Ngamanye amaxesha, i-5- rhoqo, i-6- kakhulu, i-7- Yonke ixesha. Igrafu engezantsi iqela abasebenzisi bezononti kwiiklasi ze-3 ngokusekelwe kumanqaku abo: "Ukungenakuqhelaniswa," "Umngcipheko ophantsi," kunye "Nengozi." Iziphumo ezingezantsi zibonisa ukuba abaninzi abasebenzisi bezono abone ukunyamezela kunye nokuhoxiswa.

Ngokucacileyo, olu cwaningo luyibuze ngokumalunga nokunyuka (ukunyamezela) kunye nokuhoxiswa - kunye bobabini bachazwa ngabasebenzisi abathile bezentlekisa.

Kutheni malunga nokufundiswa kwamadoda anesifo sokuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo? Iimfono zoonografi zenza u-Erectile Dysfunction Among Among Young Men (2019)- Ukufunda kubonisa ukunyamezela (ukwehla ukuvuswa) kunye nokunyuka kweemfuno (ezifuna izinto ezigqithisileyo ukuba zivuswe) kwezi zifundo. Ukususela kwi-abstract:

Eli phepha lihlolisisa le nto Iifoto zoonografi zenze i-erectile dysfunction (PIED), okubhekisela kwiingxaki zobundlobongela bezesondo kumadoda ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kweetayilifiya ze-intanethi. Idatha yempi evela kubantu abahluphekayo kule meko iqokelelwe ....  Bachaza ukuba isalathiso sokuqala kwimibala engamanyala (ngokuqhelekileyo ngexesha lokukhula) lilandelwa kukusetyenziswa kwimihla ngemihla de ifikelelwe kwindawo apho umxholo ogqithiseleyo (okubandakanya, umzekelo, izinto zobundlobongela) kufuneka ukuba uhlale uvuselela.

Isigaba esibucayi sifikeleleka xa ukuvuswa kwesondo kuhlanganiswa ngokugqithiseleyo kunye nokukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza, ebonisa ukuziphatha okubi ngokobulili kunye nokungathandeki. Oku kubangela ukungakwazi ukugcina isakhiwo kunye nomlingani wezobomi, apho apho amadoda aqala khona "inkqubo yokuvuselela", ukushiya i-pornography. Oku kuye kwabanceda amanye amadoda ukuba abuye aphinde akwazi ukufezekisa kwaye agcine ukulungiswa.

Emva kokucubungula idatha, ndiqaphele iipatheni ezithile kunye nezihloko eziphindaphindiweyo, emva kokulandelana kwenkcazelo kuzo zonke i-interview. Ezi zi: Intshayelelo. Omnye uqala ukubonakalisa imifanekiso engamanyala, ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphambi kobuntwaba. Ukwakha umkhwa. Omnye uqala ukutshatyalaliswa koonografi rhoqo. U kunyuka. Omnye ujika kwiindlela ezininzi "ezigqithiseleyo" zoononografi, iziqulatho-iziqulatho, ukwenzela ukufezekisa iimpembelelo ezifanayo ezaphunyezwe ngeefom. Ukufezekisa. Omnye uqaphela iingxaki zesifo soxhatshazo ezikholelwa ukuba kubangelwa ukusetshenziswa koonografi. Inkqubo ye "Re-boot". Omnye uzama ukulawula ukusetyenziswa koonografi okanye ukuwuphelisa ngokupheleleyo ukuze kuphinde abuyele kwisondo.

Ndi no kunika Izifundo ezininzi ze-35 Ukuxela okanye ukucebisa ukuziqhelanisa "ne-porn yesiqhelo" kunye nokunyuka ukuya kuhlobo olugqithisileyo nolungaqhelekanga, kodwa ezi zanele ukutyhila ukukhetha i-Alliance okungathandabuzekiyo. Ukuya kwizicatshulwa zabo ezibini:

Studi Studies:

ILandripet, iBusko, kunye ne-Štulhofer (2019).Ukuvavanya inkqubela yokuqhubela phambili kwimixholo: Uvavanyo olude lwe-pornography lusebenzisa kunye nokukhethwa komxholo wokunyanzelisa kunye nobundlobongela phakathi kwabantwana abaselula. Uphando lwezeNtlalo. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Ilungu loMbutho u-Alexander Štulhofer. Njengakwizifundo zangaphambili, u-Štulhofer umisela isampulu yakhe kubafundi bezikolo eziphakamileyo zaseCroatia (iminyaka eyi-16; ama-58% abantu ababhinqileyo). Ukunyuka ngokufuthi kuthatha iminyaka ukubonisa, ke abafundi bezikolo eziphakamileyo abazikhetheli ngokucacileyo izifundo njengoko zinjalo (mhlawumbi) kwasekuqaleni kwimisebenzi yabo yokubukela iphonografi.

Okwesibini, uphando olwenziwe lukhawulezileyo uphando ngokubhekiselele kwiimfesane ezithandwa ngumntwana osemantwaneni "njengengxaki" okanye "ubuhlungu." Le nto ingashiyi ininzi yoluntu olutsha xa luchaza imbali yabo yokukhula (umz. bang, bukake, i-MILF, i-FemDom, isondo, u yibiza).

Ukunyanzelwa kunye neentlungu ziqondwa ngokuchanekileyo kangakanani, njengoko ukusasaza iividiyo ezisisiseko esomeleleyo kubumba ukuqonda kolutsha ukuba yintoni "isini sokwenene"? Uphengululo lwe2019 (Ukujonga uonografi ngokusebenzisa iilensi zamalungelo abantwana) izimvo kulo mbuzo:

Uphando lubonisa ukuba abo bahlakulela iingxaki ekubukeni koonografi babonisa ukhetho olomeleleyo lomfanekiso wenoveli kunolawulo olusempilweni, kunye nokuhlala ngokukhawuleza kwimifanekiso, enokuthi inyuse ukuqhuba kwemifanekiso yenoveli engakumbi (IBarron kunye neKimmel, 2000).

Oku kunokuchaza imeko ebhaliweyo yokujonga iphonografi egqithileyo, enokuthi ibandakanye ubundlobongela, ukukrwitshwa, ukubetha, ukutsala iinwele, ukungena ngobundlobongela ngamadoda amaninzi, ukuxhamla, ukunyanzela, ukulawulwa kwamadoda, ukungavumelani, ukuzithoba kwabafazi, ukulangazelela kwabasetyhini kunye nokuzimisela, ukuthotywa kunye nokubiza igama, ukujula ebusweni kobufazi, ukulala nomntu ongatshatanga naye, amaqabane amaninzi, ubukhoboka, ukongamela, usizi, isochism, ubuhlanga, ukuchama, ukuzikhulula, ukulala nesilwanyana, ukudlwengula, kunye nokuhlukunyezwa komntwana (okwaziwa kakhulu njenge "mifanekiso engamanyala yabantwana"), ethi namhlanje yenza malunga neepesenti ezingama-20 zeshishini lamanyala (Foley, 2006; Gorman, Monk-Turner, & Fish, 2010; "Ukwenzakala kwenzelwa abantwana base-Australia," 2016; Hamilton-Giachritsis, Hanson, Whittle, & Beech, 2017).

Ewe kunjalo, olunye uphando olunempikiswano lwafumanisa ukuba iipesenti ezingama-88 zoononografi zibandakanya izenzo zobundlobongela (Iibhulorho, iWosnitzer, iScharrer, iLanga, neLiberman, i-2010; iFoubert, iBrosi, neBannon, i-2011), ngelixa abanye bebeka ipesenti esezantsi kakhulu (McKee , 2005). UMcKee ufika kwipesenti eziphantsi kakhulu zeepesenti ezimbini ngokungabandakanyi bonke ubundlobongela obuthatywayo, kodwa kwimeko yabantwana ababukela iphonografi, abanakho ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kobundlobongela obunqununu kunye nobundlobongela obungabonakaliyo kwaye akukho bungqina bokuba ngaphambili ayinempembelelo encinci kuneyokugqibela kumbonisi womntwana. Nokuba ngowuphi umgca wophando oluchanekileyo, phantse lonke ubundlobongela obukhoyo kwimifanekiso engamanyala namhlanje bujolise kwabasetyhini (IBarron kunye neKimmel, 2000, iphe. 164; UHamilton-Giachritsis, et al., 2017).

Okwesithathu, isifundo asizange sicele ngokucacileyo abafundi ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwabo koononophelo kwakuye kwanda kwiintlobo ezazicingela ukuba ziphezulu, okanye kungekho ngokuhambelanayo neentlobo zabo zokuqala zesondo. Ngaloo ndlela, isifundo se-Štulhofer asikwazanga ukuhlola ngokuchanekileyo ukunyamezela okanye ukunyuka.

Enyanisweni, ukufumanisa okwenziwe ngu-Štulhofer (okushiywe kwi-abstract, kodwa kufakwe kwiphepha) uqhagamshelanisa ukusetyenziswa koononophelo ophezulu ukujonga Ezahlukahlukeneyo uhlobo lweentlobo zoononophelo:

Okuthakazelisayo, ukuhlalutya kwethu kubhekiselele kumbutho obalulekileyo phakathi ubukhulu becala bokusetyenziswa kweentlophu zoonopopasho kunye nokuncipha kwehla okukhethiweyo ekukhetheni kokubambisana / ukunyanzelisa ubundlobongela ngokwexesha. Nangona oku akufumaniyo akuncedi okanye ayikhohlisi i-CPT, ibonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa koonografi oluphezulu kudibaniswe nokuqulathe izinto ezahlukeneyo (oko kukuthi, inzala engaphezulu) ekufikeni. Oku kunokuba kulungelelaniso olulandelayo lokusetyenziswa koonografi kwaye kufuneka luphandwe kwakhona.

Ukuguqulelwa: ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweentlobano zesininzi kwakunxulumene nentsha efuna iveli kunye nezizwe ezingaqhelekanga zoononophala (ukukhula). Oku akumangalisi njengabasebenzisi abangabonakaliyo be-porn bavame ukuchaza ukunyuka kwezilwanyana ekusebenziseni kwabo ethatha uhlobo lokujonga ixesha elide okanye ukufuna uhlobo olutsha lwe-porn. Iimpawu ezintsha ezenza ukutshatyalaliswa, ukutshatyalaliswa, ukuphulwa kwezinto ezilindelekileyo okanye ukuxhalabisa kunokusebenza ukwandisa ukuvuswa kwesondo, kwaye kubasebenzisi bezithombe zobungqina bezithombe ezingabonakaliyo.

I-Shor, E., kunye neSeida, K. (2019)."Kunzima nakakhulu"? Ngaba iifrafikhi eziqhelekileyo ziqhubeka zinobudlova kwaye ngaba ababukeli bathanda umxholo onobundlobongela? Umbhalo woPhando loLwesondo, i-56 (1), i-16-28. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Olu pho nonongo aluzange luhlolisise ukusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana kwimiba nayiphi na izifundo ukuze kungasitsho nto malunga nokunyamezela okanye ukunyuka. Akukho sisishwankathelo esifanelekileyo sokusebenzisana. Leli phepha lizama ukudukisa i-2010 Ana Bridges ekufundeni ngokugonyamelo kwi-pornography ("Ukuxhatshazwa kunye nokuziphatha ngokwesondo ngokugqithiseleyo ukuthengisa iividiyo zoonografi: Ukuhlaziywa kokuhlaziywa komxholo"), Efumanise ukuba i-88% yeefestile ezithandwa kakhulu kwiidlozi zoononongo zibonisa ubundlobongela ngokwenyama kwabasetyhini.

kunjalo, I-Shor kunye neSeida 2019 ayingqinelani nokufundiswa kweBridges, okhetha iividiyo ezidumileyo. Esi sifundo esitsha asikwazi ukusitsho ngantoni ngezenzo zobundlobongela iividiyo ezidumileyo phakathi kwe-2008-2016, njengoko ityala ukwenza. Ngoba? Ngenxa yokuba isifundo asihlolisanga amavidiyo asekelwe kuphela kubantuy, njengoko le ngxelo evela kwi "Sample and Data Section" ichaza:

Kwisicwangciso sethu sokuqala sampampu, safuna ukwandisa ukumela kwabo bobabini abasetyhini kunye namadoda avela kumaqela amaninzi kunye namahlanga. Ngoko ke, sasebenzisa inzululwazi yokucoca, kubandakanywa kwiisampuli zokuqala ezibukeleyo kwiinkalo ezilandelayo ze-PornHub: "Zonke" (iividiyo ze-70), "Ulwahlulo-mthetho" (iividiyo ze-25), i- "Ebony" (iividiyo ze-52), "ama-Asia / amaJapane" (iividiyo ze-35), "Latina" (iividiyo ze-19), kunye ne "Gay" (iividiyo ze-25)

Ukukhetha amavidiyo ngamagqabantshintshi adibeneyo, ngelixa ulahlela ezinye iindidi (mhlawumbi zikhulu zamagumbi), ithetha abaphandi benza hayi ukhethe iividiyo ezidumeleyo ngeembono.

Kubi kakhulu. Kwi "Iimpawu ezixhomekeke kwiindawo zokuhlola ukuphakanyiswa kwevidiyo" abaphandi bathi badibanise kwiividiyo ezinokungabonakali ezimbalwa imbono:

Isampula sethu sokuqala sasifaka kuphela iividiyo ezibukele kakhulu, ezikhokelela kwi-heterogeneity ephantsi kule milinganiselo. Ngoko ke songeze isampuli esongeziweyo sevidiyo ezifumene iimboniselo ezimbalwa. Isampula yokugqibela ke ibandakanya iindidi ezininzi zevidiyo, ezivela malunga neembono ze-11,000 ezingaphezulu kweembono ze-116 yezigidi.

Ngamafutshane, abaphandi babonakala begcina inyawo elinye kwiikali baze bavelise indlela ababefuna ngayo. Eli phepha likhangeleka njengokuba uzame ukunyusa ipropaganda kunezifundo ezinzulu. Ukuba bekuye kwahlaziywa ngabaphengululi bezemfundo ababi, loo msebenzi onobuncwane, wawungayi kukhawuleza ukuhlaziywa koontanga.

Ingcamango yethu yokuba umsebenzi wabo unyanzelisa kwaye unokwenzululwazi uqiniswa ngamazwi angasekelwa ngababhali bephepha elenziwe abadlali beendaba. Abaphandi bacacisa ukuba iziphumo zabo eziveliswe ngobugcisa azibonisanga kuphela ukuba iphonografi iya isiba nobundlobongela obuncinci (ukubhabha ebusweni phantse kuyo yonke iakhawunti naphi na), kodwa ukuba ezi ziphumo zikwaphikisile ngandlel 'ithile "ukuba likhoboka lemifanekiso engamanyala" -kucingelwa ukuba kusekelwe kukungakholiseki kwabo bathi iifoto zoononophala ziba "zithambile." Ibalderdash. Apha ngezantsi kukho izifundo ezimbalwa ezichasene nezi zibango zibubuxoki (ngokulandelelana kwazo):

Ukugqwesa nokungalingani kwi-X-Rated Videocassettes (1988) - Inkcazo:

Abafazi baxhalabele malunga nokuhlambalaza kwabasetyhini ngezinto ezichazayo ngokwesini. Injongo yale sifundo yayikukubeka ubungakanani bombuso kunye nokungalingani ngokwezesondo kwi-x-rateedocassettes nge-content analysis ye-45 ngokubanzi ekhoyo i-x-rated videocassettes. Isampuli ngokukhawuleza uthabathe uluhlu lwe-121 iziqulatho ze-movie ezidala ezikhoyo kwintsapho yee-cassetteste ezithengiswayo ezisezantsi kweCalifornia. Iingxenye ezingaphezu kwesigama sezigcawu zezesondo ngokucacileyo zazibhalwe ngokubhekiselele ekulawuleni okanye ukuxhaphazwa. Ininzi yolawulo kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwakujoliswe ngabantu kumabhinqa. Izikhombisi ezicacileyo zokulawula nokungalingani ngokwesondo, kubandakanywa ubundlobongela obuphathekayo, kwenzeka rhoqo. Ukukhula kwenkampani yokuqashisa ividocassette kunye nokuthandwa kweefilimu ezixutywe nge-x, kunye nemilayezo yeefilimu ezibonisa, yimbangela yokukhathazeka.

Ubundlobongela kunye nokuthotywa njengemxholo kwiividiyo "zabantu abadala" (1991) - Inkcazo:

Iikhasethi zevidiyo ziyeyona nto iphambili kwimifanekiso engamanyala. Olunye uhlalutyo lwangaphambili lomxholo luvavanye ukuxhaphaka kobundlobongela kwezi vidiyo. IKhomishini yeGqwetha Jikelele lezeManyala (i-1986) iye yaqinisekisa ukuba iphonografi engenabundlobongela ebonisa ukuthotywa kwenkunkuma ivelisa ingozi efanayo naleyo yamanyala. Uhlalutyo lomxholo we-10% yesampulu engahleliwe (n = 50) yeevidiyo eziboniswe kwicandelo "labantu abadala" kwivenkile yevidiyo ibonise ukuba i-13.6% yemiboniso kwiividiyo iqulethe izenzo ezinobundlobongela kwaye i-18.2% iqulethe izinto ezihlazo..

Ubundlobongela kunye nobulili kwimifanekiso yeentlobano zesini (1994) - Inkcazo:

Ubuhlanga kunye nobulili bahlolisiswa ngobudlelwane bezobuhlanga (abamnyama / abamhlophe) i-X-rated pornography video. Ubundlobongela baboniswa ngentshukumo engavunyelwanga ngamadoda ngamabhinqa. Ubuhlanga bubonakaliswe kwiimeko eziphantsi zabalingisi abamnyama kunye nobukho bobuhlanga. Ubuhlanga bubonakala kubonakala buhluke ngolwabelana ngesondo, kunye nobulili ngendlela eyahlukileyo ngohlanga. Ngokomzekelo, abafazi abamnyama babejoliswe kwizenzo zobundlobongela kunokuba babe ngabafazi abaMhlophe, kunye namadoda amnyama abonisa ukuziphatha okuthe ngqo kunabantu abaMhlophe. Unobundlobongela obuninzi lufunyenwe kwiintsebenziswano zobudlelwane bezesondo kunokugqithisana kwezesondo ezifanayo. Ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukuba uonografi ubuhlanga kunye nobulili.

Ubundlobongela bezesondo kwiimpawu ezintathu zoononopopasho: Ngcaciso yeenkcubeko (2000) - Inkcazo:

Olu pho nonongo lubonisa amanyathelo obundlobongela ngokwesondo, ividiyo, kunye ne-Usenet (i-Internet newsgroup). Ngokukodwa, izinga lobundlobongela, ubungakanani bentshukumo yobundlobongela kunye neentlobo ezingekho phantsi kobundlobongela, kunye nesini sobabini kunye nabahlukumezi bafaniswa. A ukwanda okuqhubekayo kwindleko yobundlobongela ukusuka kwesinye ukuya kwesinye kuya kufumaneka, nangona ukunyuka phakathi kwamaphephancwadi kunye namavidiyo akubalulekanga. Ngaphezulu, zombini iimagazini kunye neevidiyo zibonisa ubundlobongela njengento engavumelekanga, ngelixa i-Usenet ibonisa ukuba ayikho imibono. Okwesithathu, amaphephancwadi abonisa abafazi njengabantu abahlukumeza ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunamadoda, ngelixa i-Usenet ihluke ngokugqithiseleyo kwaye ibonisa amadoda njengabantu abahlukumeza kakhulu.

IiNdawo zeWebhsayithi ze-Intanethi zamaKhala eziNtu zamahhala: Ziyiphi iindawo ezonakalisa ukuthotywa kwezenzo? (2010) - Inkcazo:

URussell (ubudlelwane obunobungozi: Iphonografi, ukungaziphathi kakuhle, kunye nokudlwengula, i-1988) wathi izinto ezibalulekileyo zoonografi kukubandakanyeka kwabasetyhini abangaphezulu kobuze kunye nokubonakaliswa kwamadoda kwiindima eziphambili. Kusetyenziswa isampulu yewebhu ezingama-45 zabantu abadala kwi-Intanethi, uhlalutyo lomxholo lwenziwe ukubona ukuba iividiyo zabantu abadala ze-Intanethi simahla kwaye zifumaneka lula zinokuchazwa njengemanyala ngokuhambelana nomsebenzi kaRussell (1988)…. Ngaphezulu kwesahlulo sevidiyo kwiesampuli (i-55% yazo zonke iividiyo kunye nabadlali ababini abakhoyo) babekho amathuba okubonisa abantombazana abahamba nge-naked kunye ne-55% yazo zonke iividiyo babe nomxholo oyintloko wokuxhaphaza okanye ukulawula apho umculi wendoda eshicilelwe u lawula. Ngoko ke, ininzi yamavidiyo e-intanethi ye-intanethi kwisampuli yethu ingachazwa ngokugqithiseleyo njengononografi ehlazo ngokuhambelana nomsebenzi kaRussell [34].

Ukuxhatshazwa kunye nokuziphatha ngokwesondo ekuthengiseni ngokugqithiseleyo iividiyo zoononografi: ukuhlaziywa kokuhlaziywa komxholo (2010) - Inkcazo:

Olu pho nonongo luhlalutya umxholo wevidiyo ezithandwayo zoononophala kunye neenjongo zokuhlaziya ukubonakaliswa kobundlobongela, ukuhlaziywa, kunye nezenzo zesondo kunye nokuthelekiswa kweziphumo zophando kwiziphumo zophando lwangaphambili. Iziphumo zibonisa amanqanaba aphezulu okugonyamelo kwimiba yecalografi kwiifom zomlomo nezomzimba. Kwii-304 izicatshulwa, i-88.2% yayinezobundlobongela, ngokukhawuleza, ukuxubha, kunye nokubetha, ngelixa i-48.7% yeziqulatho zaziqukumbela ngomlomo, ngokukodwa ukubiza igama. Abenzi bokugwenxa babedla ngokuba besilisa, kanti iithagethi zobundlobongela babengumfazi omkhulu. Iithagethi zazihlala zikholisa okanye ziphendule ngokungahambisani nongcinezelo.

Ubulili (In) ukulingana kwi-Intanethi ye-Iphonyayili: Uhlalutyo lokuqukethwe kweeVideos eziDumile ze-Internet (2015) - Inkcazo:

Nangona i-intanethi ye-intanethi idla ngokubanzi kwaye abaphandi baye baqalisa ukuphanda iimiphumo zalo, asikwazi into encinci malunga nomxholo wayo. Oku kuye kwaphumela kumabango ahlukileyo malunga nokuba i-intanethi ye-intanethi ibonisa isini (ngoku) ukulingana nokuba ingaba lo mboniso uhluke phakathi koonografi obushushu kunye nobugcisa. Senza uhlalutyo lomxholo wezinto ezintathu eziphambili zesini (ngoku) ukulingana (oko kukuthi, ukuchaswa, amandla, nogonyamelo) kwii-400 iividiyo ze-intanethi ezithandwayo ezifumaneka kwiiWebhsayithi ezigqithisileyo.

Iinjongo zibonakaliswe ngokuphindaphindiweyo kubasetyhini ngokusebenzisa izixhobo zokusebenza, kodwa amadoda ahlala echasene nokuxhatshazwa. Ngokuphathelele amandla, amadoda nabasetyhini abazange bahluke kwiimeko zentlalontle okanye yobungcali, kodwa Amadoda ayedla ngokubonakaliswa njengabaphathi kunye nabasetyhini bezithobelayo ngexesha lezenzo zesondo.

Ziziphi izinto ezinokubangela ukuba abatsha abakwa-Australiya abaxhatshazwa ngabakwa-Australia babone kwi-pornography? Isifundo esinqamlezileyo (2018) - Inkcazo:

Olu pho nonongo luhlolisise ukuba kaninzi kangakanani iqela labantu abancinci base-Australia (abaneminyaka eyi-15 ukuya ku-29) babona uluhlu lweendlela zokuziphatha ezibonakaliswe kwiimifanekiso engamanyala kwiinyanga ezili-12 ezidlulileyo…. Ukonwaba kwamadoda (iipesenti ezingama-83) kwabonwa rhoqo kwelona nani liphezulu lolutsha olwenziwe uhlolo, kulandelwa yindoda ebonakaliswa njengoyena ubalaseleyo (70%). Abasetyhini babekho amathuba okuxela rhoqo bebona ubundlobongela kumfazi.

Ubudala, Ukuxhatshazwa, kunye nokuNandipha kwiVideos eziDumeleyo ze-Pornographic Videos (2019) - Inkcazo:

Eli nqaku lihlalutya umxholo wevidiyo ze-172 ezidumileyo kwi-website ye-pornographic PornHub.com. Nangona ndingafumani mmahluko phakathi kwamanqanaba okugonyamelo kumavidiyo aqukethe abadlali abancinci kunye nalabo abenza abadlali abadala, abo babesakuba nako ukuba banesihloko esichaza ubugwenxa kunye nokubandakanya ukungena kwe-anal kunye nokunyuka kobuso. Ukwengeza, nangona bonke abadlali beentombi babekwazi ukubonisa ukunwabela emva kobugwenxa, lo mbutho wawunamandla kumavidiyo aqukethe abadlali abaselula. Ezi vidiyo zibonisa ubugwenxa kunye nokuhlaziywa njengoko bobabini banqwenela-okokuba, amadoda alawula abafazi abazithandayo-kunye nempilo-Kukuthi, ukuvelisa uyolo lwamadoda nabafazi.

Icandelo lesigxina soMzimba

Umxholo / uqobo: Eli candelo lombutho alinakho ukuhlaziywa kweencwadi okanye ukuhlaziywa kwemeta. Kunoko, iqulethe kuphela isifundo sezinto ezizimeleyo kubasebenzisi boononophelo, kwaye it uxele kuphela isiphumo esingathanga ngqo. Ngokwenyani, ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kwezifundo kunxibelelanisa ukujonga iphonografi kwimifanekiso yomzimba, inkcaso enkulu kunye nokungoneliseki okukhulu. Masiqale ngohlalutyo lweemeta kunye nokuphononongwa kweDeniers Alliance ishiyekileyo:

Imidiya kunye nokuSondo: I-State of Research Empirical, 1995-2015 - Inkcazo:

Injongo yale ngongoma yayiwukuba kuhlanganiswe uphando lweempawu zokuhlola uphando lwezesondo zoxhatshazo. Ugxininiso lwaluphando olushicilelwe ekuhlaziyweni koontanga, iincwadi zeelwimi zesiNgesi phakathi kwe-1995 kunye ne-2015. Inani elipheleleyo leencwadi ze-109 eziqulethwe Izifundo ze-135 zahlaziywa. Iziphumo zanikezela ubungqina obuqhubekayo bokuthi ukuboniswa kwebhubhorari kunye nokuqhelekileyo kwimihla ngemihla zihambelana ngokuthe ngqo kunye nemiphumo yeziphumo, kubandakanywa amanqanaba aphezulu ekunganeliseki komzimba, ukuzithemba okukhulu, inkxaso eyininzi yeenkolelo zesini kunye neenkolelo zesondo ezingathandekiyo, kunye nokunyamezela okukhulu kobundlobongela ngesondo malunga nabasetyhini. Ngaphezu koko, ukuchazwa kokulinga kwesi siqulatho kubangela ukuba amabhinqa namadoda abe nombono oncitshiswe ngokubhekisele kwiinkalo zabasetyhini, ukuziphatha kunye noluntu.

Umanyano lukwalushiye olu hlalutyo lwe-2017 meta-analysis of quantitative studies - Iingcamango zabasetyhini bezondo zoqhagamshelwano kunye nokuxhamla ngokomzimba, ngokwesondo, ngokwabo nangokomzimba.- Amacatshulwa:

Uhlalutyo lweemeta lwamaxwebhu oluthile lwezifundo eziqhutyelwe ukuza ngokusisiseko luxhasa inkxaso-mfundiso yokuba Uninzi lwabasetyhini lunempembelelo echaphazelekayo ngoluvo lokuba iqabane labo lingumthengi woononografi. Kuhlalutyo oluphambili kuquka zonke iifundo ezikhoyo, Ukubona abaqabane njengabathengi bezentlukwano babandakanyeka kakhulu kunxulumano oluncinci, ngokwesini, nangomzimba. Umbutho wokwaneliseka ngokwabo wawunjalo. Iziphumo zaphinda zicebise ukuba ukwaneliseka kwabasifazana kuya kunciphisa ngokubhaliweyo ngokubambisana ukuba amaqabane abo achitha amaninzi amaninzi.

Umdibaniso ushiye olu phononongo lwe-2017 lwezifundo ezinde kunye - Imibutho emide phakathi kokusetyenziswa kwezinto eziphathekayo zesondo kunye neengqondo zobutsha kunye nokuziphatha: Ukuphononongwa ngokulandelelana kwezifundo. - Amacatshulwa:

Uphononongo oluphononongwe lufumene ukuba Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto eziphathekayo ngokwesini kunokuchaphazela uluhlu lweengqondo kunye neenkolelo zentsholongwane, njengokuxhalaba ngokwesondo (Peter & Valkenburg, 2008b), ukungaqiniseki ngokwesondo (Peter & Valkenburg, 2010a; van Oosten, 2015), ukuchasana ngesini kwabesetyhini (UPeter & Valkenburg, 2009a), ukwaneliseka ngokwesondo (Peter & Valkenburg, 2009b), iindlela zokuzonwabisa kunye nokuziphatha okuvumayo ngokwesondo (I-Baams et al., 2014; I-Brown kunye ne-L'Engle, i-2009; UPeter kunye neValkenburg, 2010b), imeko yokuziphatha ngokwesini (UBrown kunye no-L'Engle, 2009) aukuhlolwa komzimba (Doornwaard et al., 2014).

Kwaye umanyano lushiye olu hlaziyo lwe-2019 kulutsha kunye nokusetyenziswa gwenxa-  Ukusetyenziswa kwempahla ye-intanethi ngokucacileyo kunye nemiphumo yayo kwimpilo yabantwana: ubungqina bwakutshanje beencwadi. - Ukususela kwizinto ezingabonakaliyo:

Ngokwezifundo ezikhethiweyo (n = 19), umbutho phakathi kokusetyenziswa koonografi e-intanethi kunye neendlela ezininzi zokuziphatha, iziphumo zengqondo kunye nezentlalo - ekuqaleni kwezesondo, ukubandakanyeka kunye namaqela amaninzi kunye / okanye ngezihlandlo, ukuziphatha kakubi ngokwesondo, ngombono ongasebenzi, uxhaphalo, iimpawu ezixhalabileyo okanye ezixinezelekileyo, ukunyanzeliswa koonografi ukunyanzelisa - kuqinisekiswa.

Iimpembelelo zoonografi e-intanethi kwimpilo yabantwana zibonakala zifanelekileyo. Umba awukwazi ukungahoywa kwaye kufuneka ukhankanywe ngamanyathelo angenelelo kwihlabathi jikelele. Ukuxhobisa abazali, ootitshala kunye nabaqeqeshi bezempilo ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo zemfundo ezijolise kule ngxaki ziya kubavumela ukuba bancedise abantwana ukuba bahlakulele izakhono ezicwangcisekileyo zokucinga malunga noonografi, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwawo kunye nokufumana imfundo echaphazelekayo kunye nezokwezesondo ezifanelekileyo ngakumbi kwiimfuno zabo zophuhliso.

Studi Studies:

Vogels, EA (2018).Uthando: Imibutho phakathi kweendaba zesondo ezicacileyo ngokobulili, umfanekiso womzimba kunye nokuqonda okubonakalayo. Umbhalo woPhando loLwesini, i-1-13. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Ukufundisisa ngaphandle kweCherry kuphela impembelelo ngqo (oko kukuthi ukuchithwa kwezibalo) kwisampula engabonakaliyo.

IBorgogna, NC, Lathan, EC, kunye neMitchell, A. (2019). Ngaba abaTyhini baNgxaki abaNgxaki yokuJonga ukujonga okunxulumene nomzimba okanye ukwaneliseka kobudlelwane? Ukunyanzelwa ngokwesondo kunye nokunyanzelwa, 1-22. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Isishwankathelo soManyano sichanekileyo kwaye sishiye iziphumo ezibalulekileyo ("Ukugqithisa ubulili, ukujonga ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo, kunye nobunzima bokulawula akuhambisani nomfanekiso womzimba"). Okokuqala, akukho maqabane phakathi kweminye imiba (kungekhona yonk ') yokusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana ezingcolileyo kunye nomfanekiso womzimba kufuneka ibonwe njengesiphumo sangaphandle. Okwesibini, i-Alliance yashiya ukuba ezinye iinkalo zobuninzi bezilwanyana eziphathekayo zijongene nomfanekiso omzimba ongamahlwempu. Inkcazo evela kwisifundo:

Iziphumo ezivela kulolu cwaningo zixhasa imfuno yongenelelo olusisekelwe kubungqina kubasetyhini abanokubukela ingxaki. Ngokukodwa, iziphumo zethu zibonisa ukuba abafazi abasebenzisa iifoto zoononophala ukusinda iingxaki zengqondo / zengqondo kubonisa ukunyaniseka komzimba kunye nokwaneliseka kobudlelwane.

Okwesithathu, kwaye ngokubalulekayo, isicatshulwa esicacileyo sichazwe ngokungaqhelekanga ukuba ukusetyenziswa kweefayili okanye ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwezilwanyana kwakungekho nxu lumano. Enyanisweni, ukusetyenziswa koononophelo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi kweentlobano zesini, kwakunxulumene nolwalamano oluhluphekayo. Ukususela kwisifundo: I-RAS (#6) = "ubudlelwane bokwenene":

Inkcazo evela kumzimba wesifundo:

Sihlolisise ngokukodwa ubudlelwane obuphakathi kokubukela kwimiba kunye nokubukela ingxaki kwizakhiwo zomzimba kunye nokwaneliseka kobudlelwane kwabasetyhini ... .. Ngokubhekiselele kwi-H1, ukubonwa kwamaxesha amaninzi kwakunxulumene kakubi kunye nolwalamano lwabasetyhini ukwaneliseka kwinqanaba le-bivariate.

I-Deniers yashiya le nkcazelo ebalulekileyo.

U-Laan, E., Martoredjo, DK, Hesselink, S., Snijders, N., kunye no-van Lunsen, RH (2017). Imifanekiso yesini sabasetyhini abancinci kunye neempembelelo zokuvezwa kwimifanekiso ye-vulvas yendalo. Ijenali ye-psychosomatic obstetrics & gynecology, 38 (4), 249-255. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

Uhlalutyo: Isicatshulwa esingakumbi sokunyuka kwamaxabiso - njengoko esi sifundo singenanto yakwenza nokujonga iphonografi. Izicatshulwa kwisifundo:

Amashumi amabini anesithathu abesetyhini baboniswa imifanekiso ye-vulvas yemvelo (N = 29) okanye imifanekiso yezinto ezingathathi hlangothi (N = 14). Ukuzibona ngokwakho bekulinganiswa ngaphambi nasemva kokuvezwa kwemifanekiso kwaye kwiiveki ezimbini kamva.

Iziphumo: Uninzi lwabathathi-nxaxheba luvakalelwa ngokubanzi malunga nokuzala kwabo. Ukuboniswa kwimibala yemvelo ye-vulvas kubangele ukuzithiba komzimba, kungakhathaliseki ukuba umsebenzi wezesondo, uxinzelelo lwezesondo, ukuzithemba nokuzixhalabisa. Kula mabhinqa ayebonile imifanekiso ye-vulva, isiphumo esihle kwi-self-image sasisemva kweveki ezimbini.

I-flash flash: Unokufunda i-anatomy ngaphandle kokutyelela i-Pornhub.

Ukubhengeza ukukhetha okungafunekiyo komanyano lwe-Alliance sinikezela ngezifundo ezininzi zokudibanisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-porn nokuziphethe kakubi kunye nokungoneliseki komzimba, abazishiye ngabom:

Umphumo we-Erotica kwi-Men's's Aesthetic Perception ye-Women's Sexual Partners (1984) - Inkcazo:

Emva kokubhenjwa kwamabhinqa amahle, ixabiso lomlingani lomlingani lawa kakhulu ngaphantsi kweemvavanyo ezenziwe emva kokungabonakali kwabasetyhini; eli xabiso lithathwa njengesithuba esiphakathi emva kokubakho kolawulo. 

Impembelelo yeZonografi malunga nokuNeliswa koSondo (1988) - Inkcazo:

Abafundi abesilisa nabafazi kunye nabangenalo bavelele kwiipototapes ezibonisa imifanekiso engamanyala, engabikhoyoyiyo okanye umxholo ongahlambulukanga. Ukuvezwa kwakukho kwiiseshoni nganye ngeeyure ezintandathu ezilandelelanayo. Ngeveki yesixhenxe, izifundo zibandakanyeke kwisifundo esingahambelaniyo kunye namaziko oluntu kunye nokuzixhasa. [Ukusetyenziswa kwezesono] kwathintele kakhulu ukuvavanya amava ezesondo. Emva kokusetyenziswa koonografi, izifundo zazisa ukwaneliseka okuncinci kunye nabalingani babo obusondeleyo-ngokukodwa, ngala maqabane omlingani, ukubonakala komzimba, ukufuna ukwazi ngesondo, kunye nokusebenza kwesondo ngokufanelekileyo.

Impembelelo ye-eerotica ethandwayo kwizigwebo zabantu abangaziwa kunye nabafazi (1989) - Inkcazo:

Kwimvavanyo ye-2, izifundo zesilisa nabesifazana zaye zavezwa kwintsebenziswano yesini. Kwisifundo sesibini, kwakukho ukusebenzisana ngesondo ngesifundo kunye nesimo sokuvuselela ukukhwabanisa ngokwesondo. Imiphumo engavumelekanga yokukhutshwa kwendawo yangaphambili yafunyanwa kuphela kwizifundo zendoda ezityhila kwiidoda zamantombazana. Amadoda athobileyo playboy-iyona ndawo ihamba phambili iyancoma iincwadana ezithandwayo ngokwazo njengabancinane ngokubathandana nabafazi babo.

Ukubonakaliswa kwe-Adolescents to Exposure to Sexualized Environment Environment kunye neNkcazo yabasetyhini njengezinto zezesondo (2007) - Inkcazo:

Ukuboniswa kwezinto eziphathekayo ngokobulili kwimiboniso yeefilimu kwakukho kuphela umlinganiselo wokuchasana ohambelana kakhulu neenkolelo ukuba abafazi bayabelana ngezinto zesini kwisimo sokugqibela sokulawula, apho ukuboniswa kweminye imihlobo yesithintelo sezesondo kulawulwa.

Ukubonakaliswa kwizinto ezibonakalayo ngokwesondo kunye nokuchithwa kwi-Body Esteem, iinjongo zesini, kunye nokuzibandakanya ngokwesondo phakathi kweSample Men Men (i-2007) - Inkcazo:

Njengoko kuqikelelwe, ukudibanisa okungafaniyo okufunyenweyo kwafunyaniswa phakathi kokuchazwa kweefoto zoononografi kwi-Intanethi kunye namanqanaba okuzalwa ngokwesini kunye nesondo.

Ubundlobongela eMelika Online: Ukuhlolisiswa kwezesondo, isimo somtshato, kunye nolwazi lwezesondo kwi-Internet ekufuneni ngokwesondo kunye neempembelelo zayo (2008)- Inkcazo:

Oku kwakuhlolisiso lwezesondo kunye nobudlelwane obufunayo kwi-intanethi, ngokusekelwe kuphando lwabaphenduli be-15,246 e-United States Amashumi asixhenxe anesithandathu ngamaphesenti amadoda kunye ne-41% yabasetyhini babecinge okanye balayishe i-pornography ngamabomu. Amadoda kunye nabasetyhini banamathuba amaninzi okufikelela kwimfesane okanye ukubandakanyeka kwezinye iindlela zokuziphatha ngokwesini ngokuthelekiswa neentambo okanye abafazi.

Ubudlelwane obuhambelanayo babonakaliswa phakathi kwamadoda nabasetyhini ngenxa yokubukela iphonografi, nge Abasetyhini babika imiphumo emibi kakhulu, kubandakanywa nomzimba wehliswayo, umlingani ochaphazela umzimba wabo, ukunyuswa kwengcinezelo yokwenza izinto ezibonwa kwiifilimu zoononografi, kunye nesini esingaphantsi kwesondo, ngelixa abantu babika ukuba baxabisa kakhulu iqabane lamalingani abo kwaye banomdla ongaphantsi kwezo zesini.

Ukubonakaliswa kwe-Adolescents kwi-Intanethi ye-Intanethi ngokucacileyo kunye neengcamango zabasetyhini njengezinto zoSondo: Ukuhlola iimeko kunye neenkqubo eziphantsi (2009)- Inkcazo:

Nangona kunjalo, impembelelo ngqo yezimvo zabasetyhini njengezinto zesini ekuboniseni i-SEIM yayibaluleke kakhulu kubafana abaselula. Uhlalutyo oluqhubekayo lubonise ukuba, kungakhathaliseki ukuba isini esaselula, sithanda ukuxhamla impembelelo yokubonakaliswa kwe-SEIM kwizinkolelo zabo ukuba abafazi bayabelana ngesondo, kunye nefuthe lale nkolelo kwi-SPIM.

Iifografi kunye neSkripthi seSondo soBuntu: Uhlalutyo lokuSetyenziswa kunye noBudlelwane bezoTyala (2014)- Inkcazo:

Siphikisana nemifanekiso engamanyala kudala iskripthi sesini esikhokelela kumava ezesondo. Ukuvavanya oku, kuvavanywe amadoda angama-487 asekholejini (aneminyaka eli-18 ukuya kwengama-29 ubudala) eUnited States ukuthelekisa inqanaba labo lokusebenzisa iphonografi kunye nokukhetha ngokwesondo kunye neenkxalabo. Iziphumo zabonisa iphonografi engakumbi ebukelwa yindoda, kokukhona yayiza kuyisebenzisa ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo, icele izenzo ezithile zesondo ezingamanyala zomlingane wakhe, ngokuzenzela ngamabomu imifanekiso yecalografi ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo ukuze uhlale uvuselela, kwaye unenkxalabo ngokusebenza kwakhe ngokwesondo kunye nomzimba womzimba. Ukuqhubela phambili, ukusetyenziswa koonografi okugqithisileyo kwakunxulumene kakubi kunye nokuzonwabisa ngokuziphatha okubi ngesondo kunye neqabane.

Ukuziphatha kwe-intanethi ehlobene nezocansi kunye neengxaki zoluntu kunye nolwabelana ngesondo (2014)- Inkcazo:

Idatha emine-longitudinal data phakathi kwe-1132 yesixhenxe ukuya kwi-10th-grade-Dutch intsha (ubudala obunomtsalane 1: iminyaka eyi-13.95; i-52.7% yabafana) iqokelelwe. Iziphumo zokuzibonela ngokuzenzekelayo kwi-4 kunye nezicwangciso zabazali ukuqikelela ukuziphatha kwe-intanethi ziphandwe ngokungeza iindlela zokunyuswa kweendlela zokukhula.

Amanqanaba okuqala kunye / okanye ukwandisa ngokukhawuleza kwiimpawu zokuziphatha nge-intanethi ngokuqhelekileyo ngokuqhelekileyo ziqikelele ukuzithemba okungaphantsi komzimba (i-SNS yamantombazana isebenzise kuphela), ukuhlolwa komzimba ngakumbi, nokwaneliseka okungaphantsi kwamava. Ukufikelela kwi-Intanethi yangasese kunye nokusetyenzwa kolawulo lwabazali abangaphantsi kokusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi kubalwe ukubandakanyeka okukhulu kwiindlela zokuziphatha ezihlobene nezocansi. Nangona ezininzi iinkqubo zokuziphatha nge-intanethi zixhaphake phakathi kolutsha, abatsha ababandakanyekayo kwiimpawu ezinjalo banomngcipheko okhulayo wokuphuhlisa ukuziphatha okungalunganga komzimba kunye nokwabelana ngesondo

Akukho Mngcipheko ekubukeni, kunene? Ukusetyenziswa koonobumba beMifanekiso yeZitho zoBuninzi, umfanekiso wesithombeni, kunye ne-Well-Being (2014) - Inkcazo:

Indlela yokuhlalutya ibonisa ukuba Ukusetyenziswa kwamaxesha okugqithisa kwamadoda kwakukho (a) ngokuqinisekileyo kuxhunyiwe kwi-muscularity kunye nokungazaneliseki ngamanquba omzimba ngokungahambisani nomgangatho we-mesomorphic, (b) ukuxhomekeka ngokungathandabuzekiyo ngokubaluleka komzimba ngokuchanekileyo nangokungahambisani ngqo nokuhlolwa komzimba...

Ngaba ukuvezwa kwezinto eziphathekayo ngokobulili kukhulisa ukunganeliseki komzimba? Isifundo eside (2014)

Ngokusekelwe kwiphononongo yamagqabi amabini aqhutywe phakathi kwesampula esimele sakwa-1879 abaphenduli baseDutch esiyifumene ukuba ukunyuka kancinci kwe-SEIM kwandisa ukunganeliseki komzimba kunye nomzimba wabo ngokubanzi kunye nesisu sabo ngokukodwa.

Iimifanekiso zoonografi ze-Intanethi Sebenzisa kunye neZitho zoLwabelana ngesondo kwisampula saseDutch (2016)- Inkcazo:

Ukungoneliseki kubungakanani bomthondo kunxulunyaniswa nokusetyenziswa kwamanyala… Ezi ziphumo zenkxaso yokucwangciswa kwangaphambili kunye neengxelo malunga nezidlelwane phakathi kokusetyenziswa koonografi kunye nomzimba womzimba wesondo phakathi kwabantu.

Ukujonga iMidiya ecacileyo ngokobulili kunye noMbutho wayo kunye neMpilo yengqondo phakathi kweGay kunye nabasetyhini kunye nabantu base-US (2017) - Amacatshulwa

Amadoda aseGay kunye nabesilisa abaneentlobo zesini (GBM) baye babika ukubukela ngokugqithiseleyo imithombo yeendaba ezenzululweyo ngokwesondo (SEM) kunabantu abathandana ngesondo. Kukho ubungqina bokuthi ukujonga iindleko ezinkulu ze-SEM kunokubangela ukuba nesimo sengqondo esingathandeki somzimba kunye nefuthe elibi. Nangona kunjalo, akukho zifundo zihlolisise ezi ziguquko kwimizekelo efanayo.

Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwe-SEM kwaye kwaxhamene ngqo nomoya ongathandekiyo womzimba kunye nezibonakaliso ezixinzeleleyo kunye nokuxhalabisa. Kwakhona kwakukho umphumo othe ngqo wokusetyenziswa kwe-SEM kwiimpawu ezixinzeleleyo kunye nokuxhalabisa ngesimo sengqondo somzimba. Ezi ziphumo zigqamisa ukubaluleka kweSEM zombini ngomfanekiso womzimba kunye nefuthe elichaphazelekayo kunye nomdlalo wendima yomdlalo ekuxhaseni nasekuphumeleleni iziphumo ze-GBM.

Ukusetyenziswa koonografi kwintsebenziswano yesini esincinci: Amanyano nokunganeliseki komzimba, ukutya iimpawu zesifo, iingcamango malunga nokusebenzisa i-anabolic steroids kunye nomgangatho wobomi (2017) - Amacatshulwa:

Isampula se-2733 abesilisa abancinci besini e-Australia kunye ne-New Zealand bagqiba uphando lwe-intanethi oluqulethwe ngamanyathelo okusetyenziswa koonografi, ukunganeliseki komzimba, ukutya iimpawu zesifo, iingcinga malunga nokusebenzisa i-anabolic steroids kunye nomgangatho wobomi. Phantse bonke (abathathi-nxaxheba be-98.2%) bachaza ukusetyenziswa koononografi kusetyenziso lwamaxesha e-5.33 ngeenyanga.

Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Multivariate kwatyhila ukuba ukusetyenziswa koonografi okwandisiweyo kwakunxulumene nokunganeliseki okukhulu nge-muscularity, fat fat body and height; enkulu yokutya impawu; ezininzi iingcinga malunga nokusebenzisa i-anabolic steroids; kunye nomgangatho osezantsi wobomi.

Imithombo ye-Intanethi ecacileyo ngoBuchule, ukuNeliseka kweQumrhu, kunye nokuLindelwa kwabalingani phakathi kwabesilisa abalala ngesondo kunye noBantu: iSifundo soQuqulelo (2017)- Inkcazo:

Udliwano-ndlebe olulungeleleneyo olwenziwe nge-16 MSM, olubandakanya impembelelo ebonakalayo ye-SEOM-SEOM ethile. Bonke abantu abalisithoba abathintela izihloko zokwaneliseka komzimba kunye nokulindelwa kwamanye amaqabane bachazwe ukuba i-SEOM ethile ye-MSOM ibeke ukubonakala kwimizimba ephezulu ngokungenangqiqo kunye / okanye nabalingani babo abangenako.

Iimifanekiso zoonografi ze-intanethi zisebenzisa phakathi kwabasetyhini abasemgangathweni: iinjongo zesini, i-Body Monitoring, ne-Sexual behavior (2018) - Inkcazo:

Abasetyhini abasebenzisa i-intanethi ye-intanethi babenelungelo eliphezulu lokudlwengula, inani eliphezulu labalingani bezesondo, kwaye baqhuba ukubeka iliso lomzimba.

Iimpawu eziMandla ezinkulu kunye neNkcubeko yeZenzo zeBhinqa ezithatha uLabiaplasty (2018)- Amacatshulwa:

Isiqingatha sezigulane babike ukuba babe neengcamango malunga ne-female genitalia (i-50.7%) kwaye baphenjelelwa kumaphephandaba (47.9%). Uninzi lwabo (71.8%) luchaza ukuba babengenalo i-genitalia evamile kwaye baqwalasela i-labiaplasty ngaphezu kwe-6 inyanga edlulileyo (88.7%). Isantya sokusetyenziswa kwamanyala enyangeni yokugqibela yayingu-19.7% kwaye yayisondelelene kakhulu kunye nomfanekiso ophantsi wokuzithobela umzimba kunye nokuzithemba.

Iingcamango zengcinezelo yomlingani womntu ukuba zincinci kunye nokusetyenziswa koonografi: Iintlangano kunye nesifo sokuphazamiseka kwesifo kwi-sampuli yoluntu yabasetyhini abadala (i-2019) -Ukufunda kwiziphumo ze-porn kwiqabane lowasetyhini lomsebenzisi we-porn. Isicatshulwa:

Uphononongo lwangoku luvavanye iinguqu ezimbini ezithile zamaqabane ezazifakwe kwi-hypothesised ukuze zinxulunyaniswe neempawu zabasetyhini ze-ED: uxinzelelo lwendoda olubonakalayo olunxulumene nobuthathaka kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamanyala.

Ukusetyenziswa koonografi okwangoku kunye nangaphambili kwakuhambelana neempawu eziphezulu ze-ED, ukulungelelanisa ubudala kunye neengxelo zabasetyhini zokukhathazeka ngolu hlobo. Uxinzelelo olunxulumene noxinzelelo olunobuncwane kunye nokusetyenziswa koonobumba be-pornography yangaphambilini babandakanyeka ne-symptomatology ye-ED ngokukhawuleza kunye nangomsebenzi osisigxina, kodwa ukusetyenziswa koonobumba be-pornography yangoku kubambisene ngqo ne-symptomatology ye-ED.

Iifografi kunye namava amancinane abafazi abathandanayo kunye nomlingani (2019) - Amacatshulwa:

Phakathi kwabathengi abasebenzisa ngokwesini, amazinga aphezulu asetyenziso ngokukhenkcola ahlanganiswe nokunyusa kwengqondo kwenkqubo yokuziphatha kakubi kwezesondo ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo-ukukhunjulwa kweefoto zoononografi ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo kunye nomlingani, ukuxhomekeke ekuziphatheni ngokugqithisileyo ukufikelela nokugcina ukuvusa, kunye ukhetha ukusetyenziswa kweentlophu zoononophala kwisondo kunye nomlingane. Ngaphezu koko, Ukusebenza okuphezulu kwesicatshulwa sezesondo ngexesha lokwebelana ngesondo, kunokubheka nje izinto eziphathekayo zobulili, kwaye kwahlanganiswa namazinga aphezulu okungaqiniseki ngokubonakala kwawo kunye nokunciphisa ukonwaba kwezenzo ezintle ezifana nokubanga okanye ukunyamezela ngexesha lesini kunye ne-partner.

Iimpembelelo zeNkcubeko nakwiPenis Size yePenis Imibono kunye neZigqibo zokuThuthukiswa kwePenile: I-Study Qualitative Study (2019) - Amacatshulwa:

Inani elonyukayo lamadoda awanelisekanga ngobungakanani bepenisi kwaye afuna iinkqubo zothambiso zokuphucula ubungakanani bepenisi. Nangona kunjalo, kuncinci okwaziwayo malunga nezinto zentlalo nenkcubeko ezichaphazela amadoda ukuba athathele ingqalelo ezi nkqubo… .. Udliwano-ndlebe lomntu ngamnye olwenziwe ngokukodwa lwaqhutywa kunye nabantu abadala abayi-6 ababekhe bafumana ukwandiswa kwepenile ngaphambili.

Imixholo emithathu ephambili yavela kudliwanondlebe, oko kukuthi "ifuthe lephonografi", "ukuthelekisa noontanga" kunye "nokuhlekisa okungangqalanga okunxulumene nembonakalo". Amadoda aqaphele ukuba i-penises enkulu yabalingisi abangamadoda kwimifanekiso engamanyala yayiwonakalisile umbono wabo ngobukhulu bepenisi. Bonke abantu babelithelekisa ubukhulu babo besilisa kunye neontanga zabo, ngokuqhelekileyo kwigumbi lokungena, kwaye bavame ukuziva ukuba i-penis yabo yayincinci ngenxa yoko.

Imiba yoLuntu emva koBonke: Ubungqina bokuba ubungqina bokuba i-SEM yokusetyenziswa kweempembelelo zoBugcisa kunye neQumrhu eliQinisekile kuMadoda (2019) - Amacatshulwa:

Uphando olwangaphambili lufumene ukuba imifanekiso eboniswe kwiimidiya eziqhelekileyo inefuthe elibi kwi-self-esteem, ngakumbi phakathi kwabasetyhini. Ngokukhululeka kokufikeleleka nokusabalaliswa kwezixhobo ezicacileyo ngokwesini (i-SEM) kwiminyaka yamuva nje, ngenxa enkulu ekukhuleni kwe-intanethi, kuye kwaxutywa ukuba abathengi be-SEM banokunciphisa ukuzithemba ngokwenza oko kufumaneka kuphando ekuboniseni imifanekiso yendaba yeendaba.

Kulwazi lwethu, lo luhlolisiso lokuqala ukuhlola ngokuthe ngqo umphumo we-SEM exposure kwi-self-esitifiketi esithile ngokubhekiselele kwiimpapasho zentengiso esebenzisa izilwanyana zomntu kwi-design design. Njengokuxilongwa, amadoda abonakaliswe kwi-SEM abikele ngokubalulekayo anciphisa ukwaneliseka nokubonakala kohlobo lwazo lwama-genitalia xa kuthelekiswa nalabo bajonga imifanekiso yeendaba okanye kungekho mifanekiso kuzo zonke.

Iziphumo zethu zicebisa, ke, ukuba ukubonakaliswa kwi-SEM kunefuthe elibi ekuzithembeni kukarhulumente kwabanye abathengi abangamadoda, ngakumbi malunga nobungakanani kunye nokubonakala kwamalungu abo esini, ukuboleka ukuthembeka kwiithiyori zokuthelekisa kwezentlalo. Uphando lwangaphambili kwesi sihloko ubukhulu becala lusekwe kwingxelo yakho; Indlela yethu yokubhengeza ngokucacileyo abathathi-nxaxheba kwi-SEM ngexesha lokuqokelelwa kwedatha.

Icandelo labenzi

Umxholo / uqoboAkukho namnye kumalungu oMbutho obhale isifundo kubadlali ababonisa amanyala. Ngapha koko, indawo yomdibaniso ithi ikhathazekile "ziziphumo zeefilimu zesini" kubabukeli. Ke kutheni le nto uManyano luphose kwicandelo elinamaphononongo amabini atyunjiweyo akhupha iindaba ezilungileyo malunga nabantu ababhinqileyo abangamanyala? Impendulo icace kabuhlungu: Imisebenzi yoMbutho yokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwe-porn kunye nokuxhasa i-ajenda yomzi we-porn (njengoko kufuneka njalo). Ukuba ucinga siyabaxa Jonga ukuba "iingcali" zibhala ngantoni kwi-akhawunti yabo ye-Twitter.

Studi Studies:

IGriffith, JD, Mitchell, S., Hart, CL, Adams, LT, & Gu, LL (2013). Iifoto zoonografi: Ukuhlolwa kweempahla eziwonakele. Umbhalo woPhando loSondo, i-50 (7), i-621-632. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

uhlalutyo: Omnye umzekelo weAlliance-picking cherry. Kutheni le nto i-Deniers 'Alliance izishiyile ezi zifundo zilandelayo kubantu abadala abenza imiboniso bhanyabhanya?

I-Dubin, JM, Greer, AB, Valentine, C., O'Brien, IT, Leue, EP, Paz, L.,… kunye neRamasamy, R. (2019). Ukuphononongwa kweeNkcukacha zeNtsebenziswano yokuShatshazwa ngokwesini kwaBantu abakuThengi. Inkcazelo yeyeza zonyango. Qhagamshelana kwiwebhu

uhlalutyo: Ukufunyanwa akukumangalisi njengoko bonke abantu bekulindele ukuba abadlali beentlobano zesini babone amazinga angaphantsi kweentlupheko zesondo kunokuchazwa kubemi jikelele. Okokuqala, uluntu luluntu luquka inxalenye enkulu yabantu abanezifo ezingapheliyo zomzimba okanye zengqondo ezichaphazela kokubili zesondo kunye nempilo jikelele (isifo sikashukela, ukugula ngengqondo, ukuxinezeleka, isifo sokuzimela, isifo esingapheliyo, njl.) Ngaphezu koko, iinkwenkwezi zoononophelo zihlala zifanelekile , ezithandekayo, abadlali bezocansi, kwaye kaninzi babika ukuqala komsebenzi wesondo. Oko kwathiwa, ixabiso elincinci lentsholongwane yezocansi alingani ngokulinganayo nentlalo enkulu.

Nangona kunjalo, esi sicatshulwa ngumzekelo ogqibeleleyo wokucholwa kwe-Deniers: i-Alliance ishiye isifundo iqela lophando elifanayo. Iingxelo ze-ED zixhomekeke kumenzi wesilisa ophezulu kakhulu kunabantu bonke. I uphando lophando lwabalandeli bebhendi abadala, epapashwe kwi-2018, ibike ukuba i-37% yeenkwenkwezi zesini (i-20-29 ubudala) yayinomlinganiselo ochanekileyo we-erectile dysfunction. (Uphononongo luqeshwe i-IIEF, eyenziwa ngamanyathelo ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo, ukuhlolwa kwe-urology standard for work erectile.)

Nayi eminye imizekelo ye-Alliance ye-akhawunti ye-Twitter ekhuthaza isifundo somntu obhinqileyo (kodwa ingesiso isifundo sendoda):

nguyenbyen

Kwakhona, ukukhuthaza isifundo kubadlali besifazane kuphela:

nguyenbyen

I-Alliance ikwasebenzisa iakhawunti yayo ye-Twitter ukukhuthaza izibonelelo zobuhenyu, ukuthumela "isifundo" esithi ukusebenzisa oonongogo kuhambelana "nemigaqo yezempilo yezesondo."

nguyenbyen

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Kutheni le nto i-RealYBOP ihlala i-tweet ixhasa umzi-mveliso we-porn kunye nobunongogo, xa isiza sibanga malunga nemiphumela ye-porn kumsebenzisi? Kweminye imizekelo emininzi jonga eli phepha apho siqokelela khona i-RealYBOP tweets (ngenxa yezenzo zomthetho eziqhubekayo) - I-RealYourBrainOnPorn tweets: UDaniel Burgess, uNicole Prause kunye ne-pro-porn allies benza iwebhusayithi ekhethiweyo kunye neakhawunti yeendaba zosasazo ukuxhasa i-ajenda yomzi we-porn (ukuqala ngo-Epreli, 2019)

UPDATES

  1. uhlaziyo: Izenzo zomthetho zatyhila oko UDaniel Burgess Ungumnini wangoku we realyourbrainonporn.com URL. Ngomhla we-2018, UDaniel Burgess uvele ngaphandle kwendawo, ebandakanyeka ekuhlukumezeni ekujoliswe kuyo kunye nokungcolisa uGary Wilson kunye ne-YBOP kumaqonga ezentlalo amaninzi. Ezinye zamabango ezikhululekileyo zeBurgess kunye neendawo ezihlaselayo eziphazamisekileyo zibhaliwe kwaye zibhalwe apha: Ukubhekiselele kwiimangalo ezingabambiswanga kunye nokuhlaselwa ngabantu ngabanye nguDaniel Burgess (Matshi, 2018) (Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, i-Burgess lihlobo elisondeleyo le UNicole Prause).
  2. Uhlaziyo (Ihlobo, 2019): Ngomhla we-Meyi 8, 2019 UDonald Hilton, MD wafaka isimangalo ngomntu ngamnye ityala ngokuchasene noNicole Prause kunye neLiberos LLC. NgoJulayi 24, 2019 UDonald Hilton wenza izilungiso kwisikhalazo sakhe ukuqaqambisa (i-1) isikhalazo se-Texas Board of Medical Examiners isikhalazo, (i-2) izityholo zobuxoki zokuba uGqr.UJohn Adler, MD, UGary Wilson, Alexander Rhode, Ukuhluma kwe-Staci, I-LICSW, Linda Hatch, PhD, UBradley Green, PhD, I-Stefanie Carnes, PhD, UGeoff Goodman, PhD, Laila Haddad.)
  3. UNicole Prause noDavid Ley benza ubungqina bobuxoki kuDon Hilton.
  4. Uhlaziyo (Okthobha, 2019): Nge-Okthobha i-23, i-2019 u-Alexander Rhodes (umsunguli we reddit / nofap kwaye NoFap.com) wafaka isimangalo esingcolisayo UNicole R Prause kwaye ILiberos LLC. Bona i I-docket yenkundla apha. Bona eli phepha lamaxwebhu amathathu asezantsi enkundla eRhodes: Umsunguli we-NoFap uAlexander Rhodes wenza ityala ngokuchasene noNicole Prause / Liberos (jonga iphepha lokunyusa ingxowa).
  5. Uhlaziyo (ngoNovemba, 2019): Okokugqibela, ukubikwa kwemithombo yeendaba ngokuchanekileyo ngummangaleli obubuxoki, umngcolisi, umhlukumezi, umthengisi wentengiso, uNicole Prause: "IAlex Rhodes yeQela leNkxaso yeZiVeliso kwiVidiyo 'ye-NoFap' yabona i-Pro-Porn ngesazi seNzondo ngeNgcaciso" NguMegan Fox we Imithombo yeendaba ye-PJ kwaye "Iimfazwe zephonografi zifumaneka buqu kwi-Nut kaNovemba", nguDiana Davison of Isithuba seMinyaka Eliwaka. UDavison uvelise le vidiyo yemizuzu ye-6 malunga nokuziphatha okuziphethe kakuhle kukaPrause: "Ngaba Iphonografi Yakhobokisa?".
  6. Uhlaziyo (ngoJanuwari, ngo-2020): UAlex Rhodes wagcwalisa ifayile isikhalazo esilungiswe kwiPreuse ekwabiza iakhawunti ye-RealYBOP ye-twitter (@BrainOnPorn) njengokuzibandakanya kunyeliso. Ubuxoki bokwenyani be-RealYBOP, ukuhlukunyezwa, ukungcola, kunye nokuhambahamba nge-Intanethi kubanjwe nayo. I @BrainOnPorn I-twitter ngoku inikwe igama kumacala amabini angcolisayo.
  7. Uhlaziyo (Matshi 23, 2020): UAlex Rhode wafaka inkcaso yakhe kwiiPrause's intshukumo yokugxotha. Ukufakwa kwakhe kwinkundla kuneziganeko ezintsha kunye nobungqina, amaxhoba ongezelelweyo ePrause, imeko enkulu / imvelaphi: Ingcaciso emfutshane - amaphepha angama-26, Isibhengezo-amaphepha angama-64, Imiboniso - amaphepha angama-57.
  8. Uhlaziyo (ngeyeThupha, 2020): Ungcolisi kunye nomhlukumezi uNicole Pause uphulukana nezomthetho kuGary Wilson; Izigwebo zenkundla ziveza uPrause umenzi wobubi, hayi ixhoba. Nge-Agasti ka-2020 Izigwebo zenkundla ziveze ngokupheleleyo uNicole Prause njengomenzi wobubi, hayi ixhoba. Ngo-Matshi ka-2020, u-Prause wafuna i-resto resting resting order (i-TRO) engenamhlaba kum esebenzisa "ubungqina" obuqingqiweyo kunye nobuxoki bakhe obuqhelekileyo (undityhola ngobuxoki). Kwisicelo sikaPrause somyalelo othintelayo wazenza buhlungu, esithi ndithumele idilesi yakhe kwi-YBOP nakwi-Twitter (ubugqwirha ayonto intsha ngoPrimuse). Ndafaka isimangalo ngokuchasene nePrause ngokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwenkqubo yezomthetho (i-TRO) yokundithulisa kunye nokundikhathaza. Nge-6 ka-Agasti, iNkundla ePhakamileyo yaseLos Angeles yagweba ukuba ilinge likaPrause lokufumana isithintelo nxamnye nam Yenziwe into engekho semthethweni nebonisa ukuba akukho semthethweni “ngokuchasene nokuthatha inxaxheba koluntu” (ebizwa ngokuba yi “SLAPP suit”). Udumo luxoke kulo lonke ubuqhetseba be-TRO, ukubonelela ubungqina obunokuqinisekiswa ukumxhasa amabango angaqhelekanga ukuba ndimgxile okanye ndimhlukumeza. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo, iNkundla yafumanisa ukuba uPrause wayisebenzisa gadalala inkqubo yokuthintela ukundingcungcuthekisa ukuba ndithule kwaye ndinyhashe amalungelo akhe okuthetha ngokukhululekileyo. Ngokomthetho, isigwebo se-SLAPP sinyanzela uPrause ukuba ahlawule imali yegqwetha lam.
  9. UGary Wilson ngoku ungumnini we-RealYBOP URL. Bona - QAPHELA: I-YBOP ifumana i-www.RealYourBrainOnPorn.com kwintengiso yolwaphulo-mthetho
  10. Uhlaziyo (ngoJanuwari, ngo-2021): Umthetheleli wafaka ityala lesibini elingenamthetho nxamnye nam ngoDisemba, 2020 ngesityholo sokungcolisa igama. Kwintlanganiso ngoJanuwari 22, 2021 an Inkundla yaseOregon igwebe mna kwaye ihlawulise iPrause ngeendleko kunye nesohlwayo esongezelelweyo. Lo mzamo ungaphumelelanga yenye ye amatyala aliqela Udumo lusongelwa esidlangalaleni kunye / okanye lufakwe kwiinyanga ezidlulileyo. Emva kweminyaka yokuxelwa ngokungekho sikweni, uye wanyuka waya kwizisongelo zamatyala okwenyani ukuzama ukubathulisa abo bamtyhilileyo ubudlelwane obusondeleyo kumzi mveliso we-porn kunye nokuziphatha kwakhe ngolunya, okanye abo benze izifungo kwizikhalazo ezi-3 ezingcolisayo ngoku ezisebenzayo ngokuchasene naye.