Uphando lukhuthaza i-Grubbs, i-Perry, i-Wilt, i-Reid Review isingabonakaliyo ("Iingcamango Zonografi Ngenxa Yengeniso Yokuziphatha: Umzekelo Olungqinelanayo noHlolo oluHlolo kunye ne-Meta-Analysis", i-2018)

Ababhali be oku kuthiwa ukuhlaziywa ngaba ngabafundi bakholelwa ukuba ukuzibonakalisa njengomlutha wezobisi kuyinto yokwenza uhlazo lwenkolo / ukuziphatha kakubi malunga nezocwangco. Baye bahlaziya kuphela inani elincinci lwezifundo, ezithembele kwi-CPUI-9, isixhobo esakhiwe ngumbhali-mbhali uGrubbs ivelisa iziphumo ezifunyanisiweyo. Ababhali-mbhali nganyanzelwanga okanye echazwe kakubi uphando oluchasileyo oye wabonisa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba izifundo ezixhomekeke kuzo ekuhlaziyweni kwazo zilahlekisa.

Ayisiyo "inkolo" okanye "isimilo esingathandekiyo" esiqikelela ukuzibona ngokwakho njengomlutha we-porn, njengoko besitsho, kodwa endaweni yoko amanqanaba okusetyenziswa koonwabo. Makhe sijonge ubungqina obuchasayo ngakumbi (jonga Iingcali ze-4 ezisemthethweni ngabaphandi).

UCWANGCISO LOKUGQIBELA luka-2019: Ababhali ababini abaphambili bolu “hlaziyo” (uJoshua Grubbs noSamuel Perry) baqinisekisile ukuthanda kwabo okuqhutywa zii-ajenda xa bobabini ngokusemthethweni wajoyina umanyano UNicole Prause kwaye UDavid Ley ngokuzama ukuthula YourBrainOnPorn.com. I-Perry, Grubbs kunye nezinye "iingcali" ze-pro- porn "ku-wrereourourbrainonporn.com bazibandakanya nazo ulwaphulo-mthetho lokuthengisa ngokungekho mthethweni kunye nokuphambanisa. Umfundi kufuneka ayazi loo nto I-RealYBOP ye-twitter (ngokuvunywa okucacileyo kweengcali zayo) ikwabandakanyeka kunyeliso nasekuhlukunyezweni UGary Wilson, Alexander Rhode, Gabe Deem kunye ne-NCOSE, Laila Mickelwait, Gail Dines, yaye nabani na omnye umntu othetha phandle malunga neengozi ze-porn. Ukongeza, uDavid Ley kunye neengcali ezimbini ze "RealYBOP" ngoku ukubuyekezwa ngumzi mveliso we-porn xHamster ukukhuthaza iwebhusayithi yayo (okt StripChat) kunye nokwazisa abasebenzisi ukuba iziyobisi ze-porn kunye nesini ziintsomi! Mthetheleli (ngubani iqhuba i-RealYBOP i-twitter) Kubonakala ngathi iyancwina kakhulu kwiinkampani zoonografi, kwaye isebenzise i-RealYBOP ye-twitter ukuze khuthaza ishishini lezamanyala, khusela i-PornHub (eyabamba iividiyo zokurhweba ngabantwana kwi-porn kunye nezesondo), kunye hlasela abo bakhuthaza isikhalazo ukubamba I-PornHub iyaphendula. Sikholelwa ukuba "iingcali" zeRealBOP kufuneka zidwelise ubulungu bazo be-RealYBOP njenge- "ukungqubana komdla" kupapasho oluhlaziyiweyo lontanga.

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Amanqanaba asebenzisa ama-Porn awona owona mgangatho oqineleyo wokuzilahla koononophala

Isifundo sokuqala sisifundo kuphela ngokukhawuleza ukudibanisa ukuzibonakalisa njengomlutha wezilonda kunye neeyure zokusetyenziswa, inkolo kunye nokunyaniseka kokuziphatha koonwabo. Iziphumo zalo ziphikisana nengxelo eyakhiwe ngononophelo malunga "nokubona iziyobisi" (ukuba "umlutha we-porn ngamanyala enkolo / ukungamkeleki kokuziphatha") - esekwe kwizifundo ezisebenzisa isixhobo esineziphene esibizwa ngokuba yi-CPUI-9. Kwi lo ukufundisisa, ulungelelwano oluqinileyo kunye nokuzibona njengokuba umlutha unalo iiyure zokusebenzisa iidemon. Inkolo yayingenanto, kwaye nangona kwakukho ukulungelelaniswa phakathi kokuzibona njengento engumlutha kunye nokuziphatha okungathandabuzekiyo malunga nokusetyenziswa koononophelo, kwakukho isiqingatha ukulungiswa kweeyure zokusetyenziswa.

Ngcaciso emfutshane, abasebenzisi bezentlebo abacinga ukuba babenomlutha ngokwenene babesebenzisa amaninzi amaninzi, njengokuba umntu onokulindela abasebenzisi bokugqithisela (okanye abanomlingo).

Ukuze uqonde ukuba lo uphando lugxotha njani zonke izifundo ze-CPUI-9, imvelaphi engaphezulu iyanceda. (Ingcaciso epheleleyo yenkqubo ye-CPUI-9 ibonakala ngasezantsi kweli phepha.) Ingqiqo ebalulekileyo kukuba i-CPUI-9 iquka i-3 "ityala kunye neentloni / ukukhathazeka kwengqondo" ayifumaneki kwizixhobo zomlutha - ezenza iziphumo zayo, kubangela abasebenzisi bezononografi benkolo ukuba banqamle abasebenzisi abangaphezulu kunye nabangabonqulo ukuba bahlasele ngaphantsi kwezifundo zenzeke kwiimvavanyo eziqhelekileyo zokuhlola izilwanyana. Ngokwesi sixhobo sinesiphene sinokuba singenzanga monakalo ungako, kodwa umdali waso emva koko wadibanisa igama elithi "umlutha obonakalayo" kunye nenqaku lilonke kwi-CPUI-9. Ke, i-meme entsha, elahlekisa kakhulu yazalwa, kwaye kwangoko yahluthwa ngabachasi abachasene ne-porn kwaye bayityabeka kuyo yonke imithombo yeendaba.

Igama elithi "ukubonwa kweziyobisi ezingamanyala" liyalahlekisa ngokugqithileyo, kuba linqaku nje elingenantsingiselo kwisixhobo esivelisa iziphumo ezibi. Kodwa abantu kuthathwa Baqonda ukuba kuthetha ntoni "ukubonwa njengekhoboka". Bacinga ukuba kwakuthetha ukuba umyili we-CPUI-9, uGqirha Grubbs, wayefumene indlela yokwahlula "umlutha" kanye "nenkolelo yokuba likhoboka.” Wayengenayo. Wayesandula ukunika iilebheli ezikhohlisayo "kwi-inventri yakhe yokusebenzisa i-porn," i-CPUI-9 (imibuzo yayo ye-9 iphinde yaveliswa emazantsi ephepha). Nangona kunjalo, uGqirha Grubbs akenzanga nzame zokulungisa izimvo gwenxa ezazisasazwa kumajelo eendaba, eqhutywa ngabantu abasebenza ngokwesini ngokuchasene ne-porn.

Iintatheli eziphosakeleyo zidibanisa ngephutha iziphumo ze-CPUI-9 njenge:

Ukukholelwa ekugqithisweni koononopopayi kuyimvelaphi yeengxaki zakho, kungekhona ukusetyenziswa koonwabo.
Abasebenzisi bezononophelo baseNtsholongwane abasenakudlwengula kwi-porn (nangona bafumana amanqaku aphakamileyo kwi-Grubbs CPUI-9) - ba nehlazo.

Kwaye nabanye abakliniki abanyanisekileyo babedukiswa, kuba abanye abathengi bakwenene do bakholelwa ukuba ukusebenzisa kwabo i-porn kuyonakalisa ngakumbi kwaye kuyingqumbo kunokuba iingcali zabo zicinga njalo. Aba baphilisi babecinga ukuba uvavanyo lweGrubbs ngandlel 'ithile lubeke bodwa aba baxumi baphosakeleyo xa bekungenjalo, kwaye bamkela (kwaye baphinda) imeme entsha ngokungafanelekanga.

Njengoko ilizwi lisithi, "Ukuphela kweyonyango yesayensi eyingozi yinto yesayensi." Ejongene nayo ngqondweni malunga nokucinga kwakhe, kunye namajelo eendaba angenasiseko ukuba isixhobo sakhe se-CPUI-9 siyakwazi ukwahlula "ukubonwa kweziyobisi ezingamanyala" nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwe-porn, uGqirha Grubbs ekugqibeleni wenze into elungileyo njengesazinzulu. Ubhalise kwangaphambili isifundo ukuvavanya ii-hypotheses / iingcinga zakhe ngqo (hayi usebenzisa i-CPUI-9). Ukubhalisa kwangaphambili kuyisistim esenzululwazi esivimba abaphandi ukuba batshintshe iingcinga emva kokuqokelela idatha.

Iziphumo zeGrubbs's isifundo sokubhaliselwa kwangaphambili waphikisana zombini izigqibo zakhe zangaphambilini kunye ne-meme ("umlutha wobulili belihlazo") ukuba i-press yandinceda ekwandiseni.

iinkcukacha: UGqirha Grubbs uzimisele ukungqina ukuba inkolo yayiyeyona nto iphambili "ekukholelweni ukuba ulikhoboka lamanyala." Yena kunye neqela lakhe labaphandi baphonononge iisampulu ezi-3 ezilungileyo, ezahlukeneyo (eyindoda, eyasetyhini, njl. Yena uthumele iziphumo kwi-intanethi, nangona iphepha lakhe iqela lingakashicilelwa ngokusemthethweni.

Njengoko kubonisiwe, ngeli xesha akazange azithembele kuye Isixhobo se-CPUI-9. Endaweni yokuba iqela leGrubbs libuze imibuzo eyi-2 ngqo 'ewe / hayi' yabasebenzisi be-porn ("Ndiyakholwa ukuba ndiyilwaphulo loonografi. ""Ndiza kuthiwa i-intanethi yecala. "), Kwaye uqhathanise iziphumo kunye nezixhobo ezinjengeeyure zokusetyenziswa, inkolo kunye neenkcukacha kwi-questionnaire ethi" ukunyanzelwa kokuziphatha okubi ".

Ngokuchasene ngqo namabango akhe angaphambili, uDkt Grubbs kunye neqela lakhe lophando wafumanisa ukuba ukukholelwa ukuba unomlutha wezononografi uhambelana kakhulu iiyure zemihla ngemihla yokusetyenziswa koonwabo, hayi ngonqulo. Njengoko kuphawuliwe ngezantsi, ezinye zezifundo zikaDkt Grubbs zangaphambili ngokunjalo ifumanise ukuba iiyure zokusetyenziswa yayisisilumkiso esomeleleyo "somlutha obonakalayo" (amanqaku e-CPUI-9 ewonke) kunenkolo-iziphumo eziqhubekayo akenzanga kwimithombo yeendaba (okanye isishwankathelo sikaGqirha Grubbs).

Ukususela kwisifundo esitsha:

Ngokuphambene neencwadi eziphambili ezibonisa ukuba ukuziphatha okungathandabuzekiyo kunye nenkolo yinto ehamba phambili yokubona umlutha [i-CPUI-9 amanqaku onke], iziphumo ezivela kwiisampuli ezintathu zibonise ukuba indoda yesini kunye noonografi basebenzise ukuziphatha kwakuxhomekeke kakhulu ngokuzikhethela utywala.

Ukuba yindoda kukwabonisa kwangaphambili ukuba uza kubizwa ngokuba "likhoboka." NgokukaGqirha Grubbs, amaqondo abasebenzisi abangamanyala abaphendulayo "ewe" komnye wemibuzo "yokulutha" isusela kwi-8-20% kwiisampulu zesifundo esitsha. Ezi ntlawulo ziyahambelana olunye uphando lwe-2017 (I-19% yamadoda asekholejini anomlutha).

Ngamafutshane, kukho uxinzelelo olukhulu phakathi kwabanye abasebenzisi banononopopasho ba namhlanje. Amanqanaba aphezulu okusetyenziswa ngxaki aphakamisa ukuba i-World Health Organisation "Inkinga yokuziphatha ngokwesondo"Kuyadingeka ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba ukusetyenziswa koononophelo olunengxaki kufundwe kakuhle kwaye abo bahluphekayo baphathwa kakuhle.

Ngokusekwe kwiziphumo zabo kuphando olutsha olubhaliswe kwangaphambili, uGqirha Grubbs kunye nababhali-kunye naye baqukumbele ngelithi, "iingcali zempilo yezengqondo kunye nezesondo. kufuneka uthathe iingxalaba zabathengi ezichaza ngokugqithisileyo. "(Ugxininiso olunikeziweyo)

"Ukuziphatha okungaziphathi kakuhle" ayibalulekanga kubasebenzisi be-porn, njengoko Grubbs et al. zimela

Kukwabalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba umsebenzi kaGrubbs kule ndawo uthatha ukuba "ukungaziphathi kakuhle" kukodwa kubasebenzisi be-porn- ngaphandle kokunikezela ngenkxaso yenkxaso, ngokusesikweni okanye ngenye indlela. Ngapha koko, lo mbono awulunganga. Njengombhali uGene M. Heyman watsho kwisahluko esitsha esithi "Ukufumana iziyobisi" (I-Routledge Handbook of Philosophy neSayensi yokuLungisa, I-11 Juni 2018), ikhona nakwizilwelo zamachiza:

Iingxelo zokuyeka iziyobisi ziquka ukukhathazeka ngokuziphatha. Ngamaxesha amaninzi, abadlwenguli bexesha elide bachaza ukuba babefuna ukuphinda bahloniphe amalungu omndeni, ukuba bahlangabezane nomfanekiso wabo wokuba umzali kufanele aziphathe njani, kwaye ukulungelelanisa umfanekiso wabo womntu onamandla kunye nokulawula ubomi babo ( umzekelo, i-Biernacki 1986; i-Jorquez 1983; i-XMUMX i-Premack; i-Waldorf et al. 1970)., p.1991

Yiyo loo nto “ukungaziphathi kakuhle” kubonakala kuyindlela yokuzikhusela, kunokuba ibe ngumqobo ekuyekeni. Kwezinye iziyobisi ayisiyiyo "isini / inkolo yeentloni," kodwa uxinzelelo ngenxa yokuphulukana nokuzilawula okunamandla kakhulu.

Ukubeka ngokulula, imodeli kaJoshua Grubbs "yokungaziphathi kakuhle" kwimifanekiso engamanyala iphonografi isekwe kwingcinga engeyiyo yokuba abantu abanezinye iindlela zokulutha ngekhe baziphathe kakuhle.

Ngokumangalisayo, i-Grubbs, i-Perry, i-Wilt ne-Reid "Uphononongo" ibonisa ingxelo esekwe kwi-CPUI-9 njengokuphila kwaye kulungile. Abaluhoyi uphando oluchazwe apha ngasentla, oluphikisana ngokupheleleyo nezigqibo zabo. "Uphononongo" lukwachaza ngokungonelanga ukubaluleka kwe UFernandez, uTee kunye noFernandez, isifundo esifanayo kunciphisa ngamandla ingxelo echazwe ngaba babhali, njengoko kuchazwe kwicandelo elilandelayo.

Uphononongwa ngabaontanga non-Grubbs study ngokunjalo ubuze ubuchule be-CPUI-9 bokuvavanya ukubonwa okanye ukubakho kweziyobisi ezingamanyala

Uphando olungasentla alona luphela oluza kubeka iingxaki kwiingqungquthela zikaDrbs Grubbs kunye nendaba malunga nabo. NgoSeptemba, i-2017, omnye uphando waphuma, owavavanya enye yeengcamango zikaDrbs Grubbs: Ngaba i-Cyber Pornography Sebenzisa i-Inventory-izikolo ze-9 zibonakalisa ukunyanzeliswa okwenene kwi-Intanethi ye-Iphonyayili? Ukuqwalasela indima yokuzilahla.

Abaphandi balinganiswa nyanzelo ngokucela abadlali ukuba bayeke kwi-intanethi yeentsuku ze-14. (IIzifundo ezimbalwa kuphela baye bacela ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba bayeke ukusetyenziswa koononophelo, enye yeendlela ezingenakulinganiswa ukubonisa iimiphumo zalo.)

Abathathi-nxaxheba abafundayo bathathe i-CPUI-9 ngaphambi nasemva kwemizamo yabo yemihla ye-14 yokuziyeka kwi-porn. (Qaphela: Abazange bayeke ukuphulula amalungu esini okanye isondo, kuphela kwi-intanethi kuphela.) Injongo ephambili yabaphandi yayikukuthelekisa 'ngaphambili' nasemva 'kwamanqaku amacandelo ama-3 e-CPUI-9 kwizinto ezahlukeneyo.

Phakathi kwezinye iziphumo (kuxoxwa ngokucacileyo apha), ukungakwazi ukulawula ukusetyenziswa (imizamo yokuyeka ukuzilahla) ihambelana neCPUI-9 ngokwenene Imibuzo engamakhoboka 1-6, kodwa hayi ngecala le-CPUI-9 kunye nehlazo (uxinzelelo lweemvakalelo) imibuzo 7-9. Ngokufanayo, "ukungavumi ukuziphatha" kokusetyenziswa koonografi kwakunxulumene kuphela ne-CPUI-9 amanqaku "Ukunyanzeliswa okubonakalayo". Ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukuba i-CPUI-9 ityala kunye nemibuzo yehlazo (i-7-9) ayifanelanga ukuba yinxalenye yeziyobisi ezingamanyala (okanye nokuba kubonwe ukuba likhoboka le-porn) kuba azihambelani nokusetyenziswa koonwabo.

Ukuthetha ngokuhlukileyo, Izifundo ezinomdla kakhulu hayi amanqaku aphakamileyo kwiinkonzo zonqulo. Ngaphezu koko, kungakhathaliseki ukuba kulinganiswa kangakanani, ngokwenene Ukuxhatshazwa ngokugqithisileyo / ukunyanzeliswa kuhambelana kakhulu kunye namazinga aphezulu okusetyenziswa koononophelo, kunokuba "imibuzo yokukhathazeka" (ityala kunye nehlazo).

Isishwankathelo sikaGqirha uGrubbs ngokwakhe isifundo esibhaliswe kwangaphambili kunye fernandez Izifundo zixhasa ezi zilandelayo:

Inkolo ayikho "imbangela yokulumkisa ubulili. Ukholo hayi ezinxulumene nokukholelwa ukuba unomlutha wezobisi.
Isixa sezononophelo sijongiwe sisona sigqithiso esinamandla (ngokude) soxhatshazo oluthile loonopopayi okanye inkolelo yokuba umntu unomlutha wezobisi.
Izifundo "ezibonakala ngathi zilikhoboka" (okanye nasiphi na isifundo esisebenzisa i-CPUI-9) asivavanyi "ukubonwa njengekhoboka le-porn" okanye "ukukholelwa ekubeni likhoboka lamanyala" okanye "ukuzibiza njengomlutha," makungathethi ukwahlula " ibonwa ”ukusuka kwikhoboka lokwenyani.

Imvelaphi kwi-CPUI-9 kunye nendlela ezibi ngayo iziphumo

Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo uDkt. Joshua Grubbs uye wabhala uluhlu lwezifundo eziqhagamshelana nokuxhaswa kwabasebenzisi boononografi, iiyure zokusetyenziswa koononophelo, ukunyaniseka kokuziphatha, kunye nezinye iinguqu ezinemizekelo kwi-questionnaire ye-9-item item "I-Cyber Pornography Sebenzisa Inventory" (CPUI- 9). Kwisigqibo esinqabileyo esikhokelela ekungaqondani okukhulu kweziphumo zakhe, uDkt. Grubbs ibhekisela kumlinganiselo we-CPUI-9 wabafundi bakhe njengoko "babonwa ngokugqithisileyo."Oku kunika ubungqina bobuxoki ukuba isixhobo sakhe se-CPUI-9 sibonisa ngandlela-thile umxholo othi" uyazibona "ungumlutha (kunokuba ngokoqobo umlutha). Kodwa akukho sixhobo esinokwenza oko, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo akunjalo.

Ukuthetha ngenye indlela, ibinzana elithi "ukubonwa kwezilwanyana zoonografi" akubonakali nto ngaphandle kwenani: amanqaku amaninzi kule ilandelayo ye-9-itemografia yento-sebenzisa umbuzo wemibuzo kunye nemibuzo yayo emithathu engathandabuzekiyo malunga necala kunye nehlazo. Ayilungiseli ingqolowa kumququ ngokwemiqathango yaqonda vs. ngokwenene umlutha. Akunakuphinda uhlole i-CPUI-9 ngokwenene umlutha wezobisi.

Icandelo lokuXhotyiswa koBunyanzeliso

Ndiyakholwa ukuba ndiyilwaphulo loonografi.
Ndiziva ndikwazi ukuyeka ukusetyenziswa kwimizila engamanyala e-intanethi.
Nangona ndifuni ukujonga iifrafikhi kwi-intanethi, ndivakalelwa kuyo

Icandelo lokuPhumelela kweSigaba

Ngamanye amaxesha, ndizama ukulungiselela ishedyuli yam ukuze ndibe yedwa ukuze ndibukele iiporografi.
Ndenqabile ukuphuma kunye nabahlobo okanye ukuya kwimisebenzi ethile yentlalo ukuze ndibe nethuba lokujonga imifanekiso engamanyala.
Ndiyekile izinto ezibalulekileyo ekujongeni imifanekiso engamanyala.

Uxinzelelo lwengqondo

Ndiyintloni emva kokubukela iifoto zoononophelo kwi-intanethi
Ndiziva ndixinezelekile emva kokubukela iphonografi kwi-intanethi.
Ndiziva ndigula emva kokujonga iifrafikhi kwi-intanethi.

Njengoko uyakubona, i-CPUI-9 ayikwazi ukwahlula phakathi kokulutha kwezilonda kunye ne "nkolelo" ekukhuselweni koononopopayi. Izifundo "azizange zizibhenxe njengezilonda zoononopopayi" nasiphi na isifundo seGrubbs. Baphendula kuphela imibuzo ye-9 ngasentla, kwaye bafumana amanqaku amanqaku.

Ziziphi iinkalo eziye zenziwa ingxelo yeGrubbs? Amanqaku apheleleyo e-CPUI-9 anxulumene nenkolo (njengoko kuchazwe ngasentla), kodwa ngokunjalo ezinxulumene ne "iiyure zezononografi ezijongwa ngeveki." Kwezinye i-Grubbs ziphonononga ukulungiswa okunamandla phakathi kweenkolelo kunye namaqela amaninzi e-CPUI-9 Ukulungiswa okunamandla kwenzeka ngeeyure zokusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana kunye namaqela amaninzi e-CPUI-9 ("eyaziwayo umlutha we-porn").

Amajelo ashicilele iziphumo zokugqibela kwaye athatha ukulungelelanisa phakathi kweenkolelo kunye namaqela e-CPUI-9 amanqaku (ngoku echazwe ngokukhohlisayo "umlutha obonakalayo"), kwaye kwinkqubo yeendaba zentatheli ezenza ukuba " Kholelwa banomlutha woononophala. "Abeendaba bayayinakudla ukulungelelanisa nje kunye nomeleleyo phakathi kwamanqaku e-CPUI-9 kunye neeyure zokusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana, kwaye waphonsa amawaka angamaphepha angalunganga afana nale bhokisi yeposi ebhalwe nguDavid Ley: Ukukholelwa Kwakho Ngomlingo Wezonyameko Ukwenza Izinto Zibi: Ileta ye "umlutha wezonyango" ibangela ukudakumba kodwa ukubukela i-porn. Nantsi ingcaciso engalungile kaLey ye-Grubbs CPUI-9 isifundo:

Ukuba kukho umntu okholelwa ukuba babesilwa ngesondo, le nkolelo yabikezela ngokubandezeleka kwengqondo engezantsi, kungakhathaliseki ukuba buninzi kangakanani, okanye bebancinane kangakanani, ababenemifanekiso engamanyala ababeyisebenzisa.

Ukususa iziganeko ezingalunganga zikaLey, isivakalisi esingasentla siza kufunda ngokuchanekileyo: "Amanqaku aphezulu kwi-CPUI-9 ehambelana namaqaku kwi-questionnaire yokukhathazeka kwengqondo (ukuxhalaba, ukudandatheka, umsindo)." Yiyiphi indlela ehlala ikhona kuyo nayiphi na imibuzo. Ngokomzekelo, amanqaku aphakamileyo kwi-questionnaire yokusebenzisa i-alcohol alcohol kunye namazinga aphezulu okukhathazeka kwengqondo. Ukumangaliswa okukhulu.

Isihluthulelo kuzo zonke izibango ezingathandabuzekiyo kunye nemiba engathandabuzekiyo: Imibuzo yokubandezeleka ngokweemvakalelo (7-9) ibangela ukuba abasebenzisi bezononophelo bezenkolo bafumane amanqaku aphezulu kakhulu kunye nabasebenzisi be-porn ukuba bafumane amanqaku asezantsi kakhulu, kunye nokwenza ulungelelwaniso olomeleleyo phakathi "kokungamkeleki kokuziphatha" kunye nenqaku elipheleleyo le-CPUI-9 ("ukubonwa njengekhoboka le-porn" ).

Ukubeka enye indlela, ukuba usebenzisa kuphela iziphumo ezivela kwi-CPUI-9 imibuzo 1-6 (ehlola iimpawu neempawu ngokwenene umlutha), ulungelelaniso luyatshintsha kakhulu - kwaye onke amanqaku angathandabuzekiyo athi ukunyaniseka kukuba "okwenene" kubangela ukuba umlutha woononopopayi awusoze wabhalwa.

Ukujonga ezinye ezimbalwa zokubambisana, masisebenzise idatha kwiphepha le-2015 Grubbs ("Ukugqithisa njengoMlutha: Ukukholelwa kobuNkokeli kunye nokuNqabileyo koMgaqo njengamaqhinga okuLungisa ukuTyekiswa koTyhila"). Iquka izifundo ze-3 ezahlukeneyo kunye nesihloko sayo esichukumisayo sikhombisa ukuba inkolo kunye nokunyaniseka kokuziphatha "kubangelwa" inkolelo yokulahla iinthombe zoonografi.

Iingcebiso zokuqonda amanani kwitafile: i-zero ithetha ukuba akukho ukulungiswa phakathi kweenguqu ezimbini; I-1.00 ithetha ukulungelelaniswa okupheleleyo phakathi kweenguqu ezimbini. Inkulu kakhulu inani elomeleleyo ukulungelelanisa phakathi kweenguqu ze-2.

Kule ngqamaniso yokuqala sibona indlela ukunyaniseka kokuziphatha kulungelelana ngayo ne-3 ityala kunye neentloni imibuzo (Ukukhathazeka Ngokomzwelo), kodwa unobuthakathaka namanye amacandelo amabini ahlola umlutha wangempela (imibuzo 1-6). Imibuzo yokuphazamiseka kwemizwelo ibangela ukunyaniseka kokuziphatha ukuba yiyona ndlela iqineleyo yeengxelo ze-CPUI-9 ("umlutha obonakalayo").

Kodwa ukuba sisebenzisa kuphela i-1-6 imibuzo ye-addicate (XNUMX-XNUMX).

Isiqingatha sesibini sebali kukuba indlela efanayo yoxinzelelo lwe3 ye-XLUMX ihambanisa ngayo amanqanaba okusetyenziswa koononophelo, ngelixa imibuzo engumlingo wobugqwetha (1-6) ihambelanise ngokukhululeka ngamanqanaba okusetyenziswa koonobumba.

Yile ndlela i-3 Distress Emotional Questions iphendule ngayo iziphumo. Zikhokelela ekunxulumaniseni phakathi kwe "iiyure zokusetyenziswa kweetyala" kunye namaqela amaninzi e-CPUI-9 ("umlutha obonakalayo"). Emva koko, inani elipheleleyo lazo zonke ii-3 ze-CPUI-9 vavanyo libizwa ngokugqithisileyo ngokuthi "ukulutha okubonakalayo" yiGrubbs. Emva koko, ezandleni ze-anti-porn-addict-activists, "ukuzithengiswa komzimba" "ukuzibonakalisa njengomlutha wezonyango." Abavukeli baye baxhamla ngokulungelelaniswa okunamandla kunye ne-CUI-9 rhoqo ivelisa, kwaye presto! Bathi ngoku bathi, "inkolelo yokuxhatshazwa kobulili ayiyonto nje!"

Yindlu yamakhadi akhiwe kwi-3 ityala kunye nombuzo wehlazo ongenakunikwa nayiphi na enye uvavanyo lokuxilonga, ekudibaniseni nexesha elilahlekayo lomdali wemibuzo ebonisa ukuba i-9 imibuzo yakhe (njengomlinganiselo "wokubona umlutha we-pornography").

Indlu yeCCUI-9 yamakhadi yawa phantsi kunye novavanyo lwe-2017 oluninzi lukhubaza i-CPUI-9 njengesixhobo sokuvavanya "ukukhwabanisa okubonakalayo" Ngaba i-Cyber Pornography Sebenzisa i-Inventory-izikolo ze-9 zibonakalisa ukunyanzeliswa okwenene kwi-Intanethi ye-Iphonyayili? Ukuqwalasela indima yokuzilahla. Kwakhona kwafumanisa ukuba i-1 / 3 imibuzo ye-CPUI-9 kufuneka ikhutshwe iziphumo ezichanekileyo "ezichasayo zokuziphatha," "inkolo yonqulo," kunye ne "iiyure zokusetyenziswa koonwabo." Uyabona zonke iinkcazo eziphambili apha, Kodwa Fernandez et al., 2018 ubalwa izinto:

Isibini, iziphumo zethu zibangela ukungathandabuzeki ngokufaneleka kokubandakanywa koxinzelelo lwengqondo kwi-CPUI-9. Njengoko zifunyenwe ngokubanzi kwizifundo ezininzi (umz., I-Grubbs et al., I-2015a, c), iziphumo zethu zibonise ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-IP kwakungekho ulwalamano kunye neengxaki zokukhathazeka ezingqondweni. Okubaluleke ngakumbi, ukunyanzeliswa kwangempela njengoko kucatshulwa kwisifundo samanje (ukuhluleka ukuzama ukuziyeka ukuzithiba) ukungazibandakanyi nobudlelwane kunye neengxaki zokukhathazeka ngokomzwelo.
Imiba yokukhathazeka ngokwemvakalelo yayibhalwe ngokucacileyo ngokunyaniseka kokuziphatha, ngokuhambelana nezifundo zangaphambilini ezifumene ukuhlukana okukhulu phakathi kwezi zibini (Grubbs et al., 2015a; Wilt et al., 2016) .... Ngaloo ndlela, ukufakwa koxinzelelo lwe-Emotional Distress subscale njengenxalenye ye-CPUI-9 inokuthi ifake iziphumo ngendlela echaphazela ukuba ngabafundi be-IP abanokuziphatha kakubi kweefografi, kwaye bayichaphazela amanqaku amaninzi e-adware abasebenzisi abanamaqondo aphezulu okuQinisekisa okuQinisekisa, kodwa ukunyaniseka kokuziphatha okubi koonografi.
Oku kungenxa yokuba i-Distcale Distress ye-Emotional isekelwe kwinqanaba le-original "Igunya" eliye laphuhliswa ekusebenziseni ngokukhethekileyo kunye nabahlali benkolo (i-Grubbs et al., I-2010), kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo ngabantu abangabonqulo abahlala bengenakuqinisekiswa ngenxa yokufunyanwa okulandelayo ezihlobene nale nqanaba.

Nanku oku le Ukufumana okusemqoka: Imibuzo ye-3 "Yeengxaki Zengqondo" akukho ndawo kwi-CPUI-9, okanye nayiphi na imibuzo yoluhlu lwezonyango. Le mibuzo yecala kunye neentloni hayi ukuvavanya uxinzelelo olujikelezisayo ukusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana ezingasetyenziswanga okanye "ukujonga umlutha." Le mibuzo ye-3 imane ifake i-CPUI-9 amanqaku apheleleyo kubantu abanonqulo xa ichitha i-CPUI-9 amanqaku angama-porn addicts.

Isishwankathelo, izigqibo kunye namabango azaliswe yi-CPUI-9 ayifanelekanga. UYoshuwa Grubbs wadala i-questionnaire engakwaziyo, kwaye akuzange kuqinisekiswe, ukukhetha "ukuqonda" ukusuka kumlutha wangempela: i-CPUI-9. nge ukulungiswa kwezenzululwazi zero he zibhalwa kwakhona I-CPUI-9 njengolu hlobo lwemibuzo yoluhlu lwezonyango.

Ngenxa yokuba i-CPUI-9 ifake i-3 imibuzo engaphandle ehlola isohlwayo kunye nehlazo, Abasebenzisi bezononophelo zezenzo ze-CPUI-9 bavame ukuhlaselwa phezulu. Ubuninzi bamaziko aphezulu e-CPUI-9 abasebenzisi bezonqulo bezonqulo babesondliwa kumajelo ashicilelo njengokuba "Abantu benkolo bakholelwa ngokukhohlisa ukuba banomlutha woononophala. "Oku kwalandelwa zifundo ezininzi ukudibanisa ukuziphatha okubi kunye neenombolo ze-CPUI-9. Ekubeni abantu benkolo njengamaqela amanqaku aphakamileyo ekukhutshweni kokuziphatha, kwaye (ngoko) i-CPUI-9 iyonke, kwabizwa (ngaphandle kwenkxaso yangempela) ukuba ukunyaniseka kwezenzo zokunqula unqulo oyinyaniso imbangela yokuxhatshazwa koonografi. Oku kunqabileyo, kwaye kungabonakali njengento yesayensi.

Inkcazo ye-YouTube ebonisa i-CPUI-9 kunye neengcinga " Umlutha woTyhila noTywala obonakalayo

Iingqinisiso ezisesikweni (ngabaphandi boononophala) "Iingxaki zoonografi ngenxa yokungaziphathi kakuhle: Imodeli yokudibanisa noHlolo oluHlolo kunye neMeta-Analysis"