Ziziphi izinto: Ubungakanani okanye umgangatho we-pornography? Izizathu zengqondo kunye neZenzo zokufuna unyango lweengxaki zoononografi Sebenzisa (2016)

Abstract

INTSHAYELELO:

Imifanekiso engamanyala iye yathandwa kakhulu kubugcisa be-Intanethi. Kubantu abaninzi, ukusebenzisa iphonografi (PU) kukuzonwabisa; Kwabanye, oko kungakhokelela ekufuneni unyango lwendlela yokuziphatha engalunganga. Izifundo zangaphambili zicebise ukuba i-PU inokuba nefuthe ekuziphatheni ngokwesini, kodwa ulwalamano oluthe ngqo phakathi kokuxhaphakileyo kwe-PU kunye neendlela zokufuna unyango azikahlolwa.

KUQALA:

Ukuphanda ukuba ngaba abantu abafuna unyango njengesiphumo se-PU yabo enengxaki benza oko ngenxa yobuninzi bokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwe-ponografi okanye ngenxa yeengxaki zengqondo kunye nokuziphatha okunxibelelene ne-PU, njengobukrakra beempawu ezimbi ezinxulumene ne-PU kunye / okanye iimvakalelo ezizenzekelayo Ukuphulukana nolawulo kwindlela oziphethe ngayo.

IINDLELA:

Isifundo sophononongo senziwe malunga ne-569 heterosexual Caucasian men 18 to 68 iminyaka, kubandakanya i-132 ifuna unyango lwe-PU eyingxaki (idluliselwe ngoochwephesha bengqondo emva kotyelelo lwabo lokuqala).

IINKCUKACHA EZIPHUMA:

Amanyathelo esiphumo esiphambili yayiyingxelo ye-PU uqobo, iimpawu zayo ezingalunganga, kunye neyona ndlela yokufuna unyango.

IINKCUKACHA:

Sivavanye iimodeli ezichaza imithombo yokufuna unyango kwi-PU enengxaki eneempawu ezingalunganga ezinxulunyaniswa ne-PU kunye nezinto ezongezelelweyo (umz., Ukuqala kunye nenani leminyaka ye-PU, inkolo, ubudala, isenzo sesondo esibi, kunye nenqanaba lobudlelwane). Ukufuna unyango kwakubaluleke kakhulu, kodwa buthathaka, kunxulunyaniswa kuphela nobuninzi be-PU (r = 0.21, P <.05) kwaye obu budlelwane babunxulunyaniswa ngokubonakalayo ziimpawu ezimbi ezinxulunyaniswa ne-PU (yomelele, phantse ubungakanani bokulamla ngokupheleleyo; k² = 0.266). Ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-PU kunye neempawu ezingalunganga babubalulekile kwaye buxolelaniswe ngokwenkolo-ye-subjential yenkolo yokuzazisa (ebuthathaka, ithetheni;² = 0.066) kwabo bangafuni unyango. Ukuqala kwe-PU kunye nobudala kubonakala kungabalulekanga. Imodeli yethu yayilungiselelwe ngokufanelekileyo (isalathiso esifanelekileyo sokuthelekisa = 0.989; ingcambu ithetha impazamo yesikwere yokuqikelela = 0.06; ingcambu emiselweyo ithetha intsalela yesikwere = 0.035) kwaye ichaze i-43% yomahluko kwindlela yokuziphatha efuna unyango (1% yachazwa ngokuhamba rhoqo kwe-PU kwaye i-42% yachazwa ngeempawu ezimbi ezinxulumene ne-PU).

UKUQINISWA:

Iimpawu ezingalunganga ezinxulunyaniswa ne-PU zibikezela kwangaphambili ukuba zifuna unyango kunobuninzi nje bokusebenzisa iphonografi. Ke ngoko, unyango lwe-PU enengxaki kufuneka lujongane nemiba esemgangathweni, endaweni yokuthothisa imilo yokuziphatha, kuba ukuphindeka kwe-PU akunakuba yinto ephambili kubo bonke abaguli. Inkqubo yokuvavanywa kwexesha elizayo yengxaki ye-PU kufuneka iqwalasele ukuntsokotha kwalomba.

IINKCUKACHA:  UHlobo oluNgabonakaliyo olukwiNqanaba eliphezulu Imifanekiso engamanyala; Ingxaki yokuziphatha kwezesondo; Ukunyangwa kwengqondo; Ukufuna unyango

IINKCUKACHA: 27012817

ICANDLA LOKUQUKA

Ngokwezibikezelo zethu eziphambili, i-PU inokukhokelela kwiimpawu ezingalunganga kwaye ubukhali bezi mpawu zikhokelela ekufuneni unyango (Ikhiwane. 1; Indlela B). Sibonisa ukuba ubukhulu be-PU, bodwa, ayisiyonto ibalulekileyo yokufuna unyango ekusetyenzisweni kwengxaki yamanyala xa kulawulwa iimpawu ezingalunganga ezinxulunyaniswa ne-PU (Ikhiwane. 2). Obu budlelwane buthathaka bucetyiswe ngokungathanga ngqo kwizifundo zangaphambili zabasebenzisi bamanyala. Cooper kunye noogxa [6] ibonakalise ukuba, phakathi kwezifundo ezibandakanya imisebenzi yesondo ekwi-intanethi (hayi i-PU kuphela, kodwa nezingxoxo zesini), i-22.6% yabasebenzisi bokukhanya abangama-4278 (<1 h / iveki) baxele ukuphazamiseka kwezenzo zabo zesondo kwi-Intanethi ngaphakathi iinkalo zobomi babo bemihla ngemihla, ngelixa i-49% ye-764 yabasebenzisi abanzima (> 11 h / iveki) ayikaze ifumane olo phazamiso.

Kwinyathelo lesibini lohlalutyo lwedatha, sandise imodeli yethu ngokuvavanya abagxeki abane ngokuhambelana bolwalamano phakathi kwe-PU kunye neempawu ezingalunganga ([i-1] ukuqala kunye [2] iminyaka yeminyaka ye-PU, [3] yenkolo ye-subjential, [4] yenkolo imisebenzi; jonga umzekeliso. 3). Iziphumo zokuqalisa kunye nenani leminyaka yokusetyenziswa eboniswe kwizifundo malunga nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi kunye nokungcakaza kwe-pathological [33], kubonakale kungabalulekanga kwidathabheyisi yethu. Ukunqongophala koku kufumanisayo kungacebisa impembelelo yexesha elide ye-PU ekusebenzeni kunokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi okanye ukugembula komzimba. Esi siphumo sinokunxulumana neendlela zokusilela kufundo lwethu. Sibale inani le-PU yeminyaka njengomahluko phakathi kokuqala kwe-PU kunye nezifundo ezikhoyo. Kuyenzeka ukuba ezinye izifundo zazisebenzisa iphonograves ixesha elincinci ukusuka ekuqaleni kwazo, kwaye, ke, lo mthetho ubonisiweyo ngaphakathi kohlalutyo lwethu unokungachaneki. Izifundo zexesha elizayo kufuneka ziphande inani leminyaka ye-PU eqhelekileyo. Omnye umqobo onokwenzeka kukuba, kwiimpawu ezimbi, sisebenzise i-SAST-R njengoko yayikuphela kombuzo wokuvavanya indlela yokuziphatha enesiphene efumaneka kulwimi lwasePoland [43]. Le khweshine yenzelwe ukulinganisa uluhlu olubanzi lweziphumo ezibi ezingahambelani ne-PU kuphela, kodwa kunye nezinye isimilo. Ulwalamano olufunyenweyo phakathi kokuhamba rhoqo kwe-PU kunye ne-SAST-R yamanqaku abonisa ukuba, phakathi kwezinye iindlela zokuziphatha ngokwesini, ikwabonakalisa iimpawu ezingalunganga ezinxulumene ne-PU. Kwinyathelo lesibini lokuhlaziywa kwedatha, sandise imodeli yethu ngokuvavanya abagxeki abane ngokuhambelana bolwalamano phakathi kwe-PU kunye neempawu ezingalunganga ([i-1] ukuqala kunye [2] iminyaka yeminyaka ye-PU, [3] yenkolo ye-subjential, [4] yenkolo imisebenzi; jonga umzekeliso. 3). Iziphumo zokuqalisa kunye nenani leminyaka yokusetyenziswa eboniswe kwizifundo malunga nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi kunye nokungcakaza kwe-pathological [33], kubonakale kungabalulekanga kwidathabheyisi yethu. Ukunqongophala koku kufumanisayo kungacebisa impembelelo yexesha elide ye-PU ekusebenzeni kunokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi okanye ukugembula komzimba. Esi siphumo sinokunxulumana neendlela zokusilela kufundo lwethu. Sibale inani le-PU yeminyaka njengomahluko phakathi kokuqala kwe-PU kunye nezifundo ezikhoyo. Kuyenzeka ukuba ezinye izifundo zazisebenzisa iphonograves ixesha elincinci ukusuka ekuqaleni kwazo, kwaye, ke, lo mthetho ubonisiweyo ngaphakathi kohlalutyo lwethu unokungachaneki. Izifundo zexesha elizayo kufuneka ziphande inani leminyaka ye-PU eqhelekileyo. Omnye umqobo onokwenzeka kukuba, kwiimpawu ezimbi, sisebenzise i-SAST-R njengoko yayikuphela kombuzo wokuvavanya indlela yokuziphatha enesiphene efumaneka kulwimi lwasePoland [43]. Le khweshine yenzelwe ukulinganisa uluhlu olubanzi lweziphumo ezibi ezingahambelani ne-PU kuphela, kodwa kunye nezinye isimilo. Ulwalamano olufunyenweyo phakathi kokuhamba rhoqo kwe-PU kunye ne-SAST-R yamanqaku abonisa ukuba, phakathi kwezinye iindlela zokuziphatha ngokwesini, ikwabonakalisa iimpawu ezingalunganga ezinxulumene ne-PU.

Besilindele ukuba inkolo ephezulu inokuzikhulisa inengxaki ye-PU njengoko ibichaziwe kwizifundo ezidlulileyo [36]. Le ngcinga yabonakala iyinyani kwinkolo yenkolo ethathwe njengomlinganiso wenqanaba lokubaluleka kwenkolo ebomini bomntu ngamnye (Umfuziselo 3). Into enomdla kukuba, uvavanyo ngononophelo lubonise ukuba isiphumo ibalulekile phakathi kwabo bafuna unyango. Phakathi kweenkolelo zokufuna unyango azihambelani neempawu ezingalunganga. Izenzo zonqulo zazingabalulekanga abalamli (umfuziselo. 3), okothusayo nje ngenxa yokuba inkolo yokwenyani inokuba yeyona ndlela ingcono yezenkolo emva koko isibhengezo nje. Ezi ziphumo zigxininisa kwindima eyayixeliwe ngaphambili yenkolo kwiindlela zokuziphatha ngokwesondo kwaye ibonisa imfuno yokuqhubeka nezifundo kwesi sihloko. Ubudlelwane bexesha elitsha phakathi konqulo kunye ne-PU, kunye nokuzibona ungumlutha, bekuphandwe kuphela kubantu abangafuni unyango [36,37]. Ke ngoko, ukufumanisa kwethu inoveli ukungabinalo ulwalamano phakathi kwezifundo ezifuna unyango kunomdla kakhulu, kodwa kusafuna ukuphindwaphindwa kwizifundo ezizayo kwizifundo kunyango lwePU enengxaki.

Sikwaphonononge indima yabaphenduli yeminyaka yobudala kunye nexesha eladlulayo njengendawo yokugqibela yokuziphatha ngokwesondo kwi-PU. Ubudala bebungekazisi kangako kwisantya sokuxhaphaka kwe-PU, kunye nexesha elidlulile kwizinto zesini zokugqibela zesini. Olutshintsho lwamva lwalunxulumene nenqanaba lezifundo zobudlelwane. Izihloko kubudlelwane (ezisesikweni okanye ezingekho sesikweni) zichazwe lixesha elifutshane emva kokuba zigqibezele okokugqibela ukwabelana ngesondo, kwaye oku kwahluka bekungahambelani nokuhamba rhoqo kwe-PU. Ukuthelekisa phakathi kweqela (Itheyibhile 2) ibonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba izifundo ezifuna unyango lwe-PU enengxaki, ngokubanzi, zazingaphantsi kolwalamano, zabhengezwa ixesha elidlulileyo ukusukela kwinto yazo yokugqibela yesini, sebenzisa imifanekiso engamanyala rhoqo, kwaye amava abuhlungu ngakumbi. iimpawu ezingalunganga. Isikhokelo solwalamano kufuneka senziwe uphando. Kwelinye icala, ubunzima kubudlelwane bungunobangela wokufumaneka okuncinci kwezesondo zedisic ezinokuthi zikhokelele kwi-PU rhoqo kunye nezenzo zesondo zodwa, zibange iimpawu ezingalunganga. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-PU rhoqo kunye neempawu ezimbi zinokuba sisizathu sobunzima kubudlelwane kunye nesondo le-dyadic, njengoko kucetyiswe nguCarvalheira et al. [29] kunye neLanga et al. [27].

Uhlalutyo lwenguqulo eyandisiweyo yemodeli yethu lubonise ubudlelwane be3 (ulungelelwaniso lwamagama eempazamo) esingabandakanyanga kwi-hypothesis eyakhelweyo ye -oriori, nangona siyikhankanyile kwiNtshayelelo. I-1.) Ubukrakra beempawu ezingalunganga ezinxulunyaniswa ne-PU bezihambelana nothotho oluphantsi lokuba nobudlelwane obusondeleyo. Esi siphumo sihambelana nophando lwangaphambili, olubonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweentengiso ezingamanyala kunokunxulumana nokubodwa [51], isizungu [52], ubunzima ekufumaneni iqabane elisondeleyo, kunye nokugcina ubudlelwane [53,54]. Njengoko sibonisile (umfuziselo. 2) ulungelelwaniso olubalulekileyo phakathi kokuhamba rhoqo kwe-PU kunye neempawu ezingalunganga ezinxulumene ne-PU, kubonakala ngathi kungenzeka ukuba ezo ziphumo zingendawo zibangela ubunzima ekwakheni ubudlelwane obusondeleyo obuhlala buhleli [29,27,30]. Isizathu sokuba olu lwalamano alucaci, kodwa lunokuphawulwa ukuba ingxaki ye-PU kunye neengxaki zobudlelwane obusondeleyo zinobudlelwane be-bidirectional kunye nokuqinisana. I-2.) Sisenokuthi siphathelele kwindlela efanelekileyo yokunxibelelana phakathi kweempawu ezingalunganga kunye nexesha elidlulileyo okokugqibela ukusuka kwisondo lokugqibela lezesondo .. Xa kuthelekiswa nabantu abafuna unyango (Itheyibhile 2), abasebenzisi benkxalabo abanengxaki babonwa ngokuba nobunzima obuphezulu beempawu ezimbi ezihambelana noku I-PU kunye namathuba asezantsi okuba nobudlelwane obusondeleyo kunye nesondo le-dyadic (Itheyibhile 2 kunye ne-Fig. 3). Izifundo zamva nje zibonisa ukuba rhoqo i-PU inxulumene kakubi nokonwaba kwezokwabelana ngesondo neqabane [27] kwaye inxulunyaniswa ngokuqinisekileyo nexesha lokuphulula amalungu esini, kunye nesithukuthezi ngokwesondo kulwalamano [29]. Kwakhona, ukubakho kobudlelwane phakathi kobunqamle bokwabelana ngesondo kwidayadic kunye neempawu ezimbi kufuneka zimiselwe.

Ngaphaya koko, isifundo sethu sakhokelela (3) ekuchazeni ubudlelwane obuhle phakathi kwenkolo kunye nexesha elidlulileyo ukusukela kwimisebenzi yokugqibela yesondo. Nangona iziphumo zezinye izifundo zangaphambili ezijolise kubudlelwane phakathi kwenkolo kunye nokwabelana ngesondo akuhambelani ngokupheleleyo [36, 37] neziphumo zethu, uninzi lwezifundo lubonisa ukuba abantu abangakholwayo baxela ukuba banamava ezesondo [55,56] kunye nokuqala kwangoko isenzo sesondo [57]. Lo mahluko uyabonakala ingakumbi kubantu ababona amaxabiso enkolo kunye nolondolozo njengeyona nto iphambili ebomini babo [58] kwaye, ngenxa yoku, inokubonakala ngakumbi kuluntu olulondolozayo olunezithethe zonqulo ezomeleleyo, njengePoland- apho kwafunyanwa khona isampulu (jonga kwakhona: [30,37]). Ulwalamano oluxoxiweyo ngokuqinisekileyo lufanelwe luphando olucwangcisiweyo malunga negalelo labo kwikhoboka lesini kwizifundo ezizayo.

isiphelo

Ngokwazi kwethu konke konke olu phononongo luvavanyo lokuqala oluthe ngqo lomanyano phakathi kwefrikwensi ye-PU kunye nokuziphatha ngokwenyani-ukufuna ingxaki ye-PU (ngokomlinganiso njengotyelelo ugqirha wengqondo, ugqirha wengqondo okanye ugqirha wezifo zesondo ngenxa yesi sizathu). Iziphumo zethu zibonisa ukuba izifundo ezizayo, kunye nonyango, kolu luhlu kufuneka zijolise ngakumbi kwimpembelelo ye-PU kubomi bomntu (umgangatho) kunokubakho rhoqo (ubuninzi), njengeempawu ezingalunganga ezihambelana ne-PU (kune-PU frequency) Esona sisimo esibalulekileyo sendlela yokufuna unyango. Ngokombono weziphumo ezifunyenweyo, sibeka ukuba izinto ezinje ngeziphumo ezibi zokuziphatha ezinxulumene ne-PU mazithathwe ngokubhekisele ekuchazeni, nasekuqondeni, kwi-PU yengxaki (kwaye mhlawumbi nezinye iindlela zokuziphatha zesondo ezingaphandle). Sikwacebisa ukuba kuphandwe ngakumbi ngendima yomgangatho wobomi bezesondo kubudlelwane obusondeleyo phakathi kwabasebenzisi benkxalabo abanengxaki kunye nezinto ezinokubangela ubunzima ekwakheni ubudlelwane obonelisayo.

INQAKU NGOKUFUNDA

Ukusetyenziswa kwengxaki ye-porn: Ubungakanani vs. Iziphumo

NguRobert Weiss LCSW, CSAT-S ~ 4 imiz efundwayo

Entsha isifundo NguMateusz Gola, uKarol Lewczuk, kunye noMaciej Skorko, abapapashwe kwiJenali yeZonyango ngezeSondo, bajonga izinto eziqhubela abantu kunyango ukuze bayisebenzise. Ngokukodwa, uGola kunye neqela lakhe babefuna ukumisela ukuba kusenzeka rhoqo ukusetyenziswa kwe-porn okanye iziphumo ezinxulumene nokusebenzisa iphonografi. Ngelishwa, njengoko Unyango ngeziyobisi njengam kunye noGqr. Patrick Carnes bekusoloko kubhalwa kwaye kubhalwa ngaphezulu kweminyaka elishumi, xa kufunyaniswa kwaye kunyangwa iziyobisi ezingamanyala ezesondo isixa se-porn umntu asisebenzisayo asibalulekanga kangako kunesiphumo se-porn. Ngapha koko, uGqr Carnes nam siye sachaza ngokuthe rhoqo umlutha wezobisi esekwe kwezi zinto zintathu zilandelayo:

1. Ukuzixakekisa ngokufikelela kwinqanaba lezinto ezibonakala zinobuntu kwimifanekiso engamanyala
2. Ukuphulukana nokulawulwa kokusebenzisa iphonografi, oku kungqinwa yimizamo engaphumelelanga yokuyeka okanye yokunciphisa umva
3. Iziphumo ezingalunganga ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa kwe-porn-ukuncipha kobudlelwane, ingxaki emsebenzini okanye esikolweni, uxinzelelo, ukuhlala wedwa, ixhala, ukuphulukana nomdla kwimisebenzi ebikade iyonwabisa, ihlazo, ukungasebenzi ngokwesondo namaqabane okwenene ehlabathi, iingxaki zemali, imicimbi yezomthetho, njl njl.

Njengoko uqaphele, akukho nanye kwezi ndlela ekhankanya ukuba umntu ujonge kangakanani (okanye naliphi na elinye inyathelo lamanani). Ngokuphathelene noku, isiyobisi se-porn sinje Iziyobisi, apho kungaseliyo ukuba usele / usebenzise kangakanani, yinto yokusela kunye nokuyisebenzisa ebomini bakho.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kunjalo, sibone izifundo ezininzi ezidibanisa inani lokusetyenziswa kwe-porn kwiziphumo ezinokubakho. Kodwa kude kube lolu phando lupapashiweyo lusandula kuvela ukuba asinayo inkxaso yesayensi kwityala lethu lokuba iziphumo (endaweni yohlobo oluthile lokusetyenziswa) lunyango oluphambili ekufuneka silusebenzise xa kuchongwa kwaye kunyangwa umlutha wamanyala.

Isifundo

Idatha yophando lwe-Gola yaqokelelwa ukusuka ngo-Matshi 2014 ukuya ngoMatshi 2015 isampulu yabemi abangamadoda angabalingani bePoland. Isampulu yovavanyo yamadoda e-569 (kuthetha ubudala be-28.71) ibandakanya amadoda e-132 azichaze njengalawo afuna unyango lokusebenzisa i-porn. (Yonke enye isampulu isebenze njengeqela lolawulo.) "Iziphumo ezingalunganga" zichongiwe kusetyenziswa uhlengahlengiso lwePoland Uvavanyo lweSiSini seXabiso loKwabhengeza ngokwesondo (SAST-R), onemibuzo engamashumi amabini u-ewe / hayi ujongelwe ukuvavanya inkxalabo yangaphambi kokuchaphazeleka, ichaphazele, ukuphazamisa ubudlelwane, kunye nokuziva ngokungathi isenzo sokuziphatha ngokwesini siphume ngaphandle kolawulo.

Isifundo ekuqaleni sajonga ubungakanani bokusetyenziswa kwe-porn kunye nobungakanani bokufuna unyango, ukufumana ulungelelwaniso olubalulekileyo. Oku kubeka esweni ngaphambili uphando (kujongwa) kulo mbandela. Umzekelo, izifundo ezikhokelwa ngu Valerie Voon (ECambridge, e-UK) kunye UDaisy Mechelmans (I-Cambridge, e-UK) yafumanisa ukuba iqela elingelonyango elifuna unyango lajonga i-porn malunga neeyure ze-1.75 ngeveki, ngelixa izifundo zovavanyo ezifuna unyango zajonga i-porn malunga neeyure ze-13.21 ngeveki. Nangona kunjalo, izifundo zeCambridge azithathela ingqalelo ubudlelwane phakathi kwesixa sokusebenzisa imifanekiso engamanyala, iziphumo, kunye nokufuna unyango-endaweni yokujolisa kwimiba ye-neurobiology kunye nokusebenza kwakhona kwe-cue.

Xa iqela likaGola lahlengahlengisa ngokupheleleyo isiphumo sokulamla kwiziphumo ezingalunganga, ubudlelwane phakathi kwesixa sokusebenzisa iphonografi kunye nokufuna unyango lwanyamalala. Ngeli xesha, ikhonkco phakathi kweziphumo ezibi kunye nokufuna unyango yayinamandla, kwaye yahlala iqinile malunga nezinto ezininzi ezinokubangela ukulamla (ubudala bokuqala bokusebenzisa iphonografi, iminyaka yokusebenzisa imifanekiso engamanyala, inkolo yokuziphatha kunye nenkolo).

Ezi ziphumo zikhokelele uGola, Lewczuk, kunye no Skorko ukugqiba: "Iimpawu ezimbi ezinxulumene nokusebenzisa iphonografi zibikezela ngokucacileyo unyango ngaphandle kobuninzi bokusebenzisa imifanekiso engamanyala. Yiyo loo nto unyango lweengxaki zokusebenzisa iphonografi oluyingxaki kufuneka lujongane nemiba yokuziphatha efanelekileyo, kunokuba kuncitshiswe ubungqola, kuba ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kwe-porn akunakuba yinto ephambili kubo bonke abaguli. "

Ukushumayela kwiKwayala

Ngandlela thile, olu phando lutsha lusixelela nje into esele siyayazi. Ukuba umntu ujonga i-porn kwaye indlela yokuziphatha ichaphazela ubomi bakhe ngeendlela ezingathandekiyo, angafuna / afune ukwenza okuthile ngayo. Kwelinye icala, ukuba umntu ujonga iphonografi kwaye ayibangeli ngxaki, ngoko ke akufuneki enze naluphi na utshintsho kuloo ndawo. Kwaye oku kuyinyani kungakhathaliseki ukuba yimalini umntu ayisebenzisayo. Ke, kwakhona, ayisiyiyo iphonografi umntu ayisebenzisayo, yile nto isetyenziswa zizi-porn kulwalamano lwayo, umfanekiso oziphetheyo, kunye nokuba ziimeko ezifanelekileyo.

Okwangoku, olu phononongo linyathelo elibalulekileyo lokuya phambili malunga nokuqinisekiswa kweziyobisi ngokwesondo njengokuchonga okusemthethweni kwezonyango. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, iAmerican Psychiatric Association iye yajika-jika iliso lokuzibonela ngokwabelana ngesondo / iphonografi, ukusilela ukudwelisa olu luvo DSM-5 ngaphandle kokuba kuthunyelwe i-APA iphepha lendawo nguGqrvard kaGqr Martin Kafka bacebisa okwahlukileyo. Kwaye i-APA kuphela echazwe esidlangalaleni yokwenza oko ivela kwicandelo lokungenisa i-DSM-5 kwicandelo leNgcaciso yeAdible:

Amaqela okuziphatha okuphindayo, abathi abanye babenakho ukubakho kweziyobisi, abanamacandelwana anje ngokuba "likhoboka lesini," "umlutha wokuzilolonga", okanye "umlutha wokuthenga," awabandakanywa kuba okwangoku akukho bungqina buhlaziyiweyo boontanga ukumisela indlela yokuqonda kunye neenkcazo zekhosi ezifunekayo ukuchonga ezi ndlela zokuziphatha njengokuphazamiseka kwengqondo.

Ngokwenyani, njengoko uGqr Kafka ecacisiwe ngokucacileyo kwiphepha lakhe, kunobungqina obaneleyo kwi-APA yokwamkela ngokusemthethweni isini / isiyobisi se-porn. Ngapha koko, uninzi lweziphene ezikhoyo ezidweliswe kwi-DSM-5 (ngakumbi iingxaki ezinxulumene nesini) zinobungqina obuncinci bokuxhasa. Nangona kunjalo, i-APA ikhethe "ukunqongophala kophando" (endaweni yokuba "kuxinzelelo lwezopolitiko / lwezezimali oluvela kwiinkampani zamayeza kunye ne-inshurensi") njengezizathu zokungazinzisi, emva kwamaxesha.

Ngokonwaba, Uphando olutsha ngokulutha ngokwesondo luvela rhoqokubandakanya esi sifundo sitsha sivela e-Gola, Lewczuk nase Skorko, esiqinisekisa ngenxalenye yeendlela zokuchonga zika-Dr. Kafka. unyango lweziyobisi iingcali bezisebenzisa iminyaka emininzi).

Ngaba i-APA inokwenzeka ukuba iqhubekele phambili ngesongezo kwi-DSM-5 esamkela ngokusemthethweni isini / isiyobisi se-porn njengesiphazamiso esichazayo nesinokunyangeka? Ngokusekelwe kolu phando nje, mhlawumbi akunjalo. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, xa kusenziwa utshintsho olukhulu kwiindlela abagqirha abajonga ngayo ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo i-APA iphantse yafika emva kwexesha emcimbini. Kodwa njengoko ubungqina banda, i-APA ekugqibeleni iya kufuneka ivume, zivume ukwanda kweziganeko zentengiso yesondo kuwo onke amaqela abantu. Kude kube ngelo xesha, kunjalo, akukho nto ingako itshintshi. Abantu abasebenzisa iziyobisi ezingamanyala abanethemba lokuphilisa basaya kufuna unyango kunye nokuvuselela inyathelo le-12, kwaye oogqirha abanyanga la madoda nabafazi baya kukwenza oko ngendlela abazi ngayo, okanye ngaphandle kokuchongwa nokuxhaswa yi-APA.