IIPDATES zivuliwe I-DeltaFosB (KWAKHONA OBHALWAYO ΔFosB)
- Umlingo woTywala / wesondo? Eli phepha liluhlu Izifundo ze-41 ze-neuroscience (I-MRI, i-fMRI, i-EEG, i-neuropsychological, ihormoni). Banikezela ngenkxaso eqinileyo kwimodeli yokulutha njengeziphumo zabo kwisiphumo se-neurology esithe saxilongwa kwizifundo zeziyobisi. I-DeltaFosB yinto ephambili.
- Iingcamango zangempela zeengcali zoononongo / isondo? Olu luhlu luqulethe 21 Ukuphononongwa koncwadi kwangoku kunye neenkcazo ngenye yezinzulu zenzululwazi kwihlabathi. Yonke inkxaso ngenkxaso yomzobo.
- Iimpawu zokuxhatshazwa kunye nokunyuka kwamanqaku angaphezulu? Ngaphezulu kwezifundo ze-30 zokunika ingxelo ezifunyenweyo ezihambelana nokwanda kokusetyenziswa kwe-porn (ukunyamezelana), ukuhlala kwi-porn, kunye neempawu zokurhoxa (zonke iimpawu kunye neempawu ezinxulumene nomlutha).
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I sihloko: Ngaba uyakwazi ukubona ezi ngcamango ze-5 eziqhelekileyo malunga nokutshabalalisa i-porno?
Xa uva umntu ethi i-intanethi ye-Internet iyingozi isayensiKukwanokwenzeka ukuba uve ezinye zeentsomi ezidumileyo:
- Ukusetyenziswa kweengxaki ze-Intanethi kwi-Intanethi "kukunyanzelwa" hayi "ukuba likhoboka."
- Ukuba umlutha we-intanethi zaye ukuba ziqaphele, kuya kufuneka ziphande / ziqinisekiswe njengemeko ehlukile kwezinye izilingo.
- Umbono "wokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwe-porn" awunantsingiselo kuba akukho mntu unokuthi xa umsebenzisi ewela umgca.
- Njengoko "iphonografi" ayinakuze ichazwe, ubukho bobukho be-porn kufuneka buhlale buthandabuza.
- Kuphela abantu abaneemeko zangaphambili (i-ADHD, ukudakumba, njl njl).
Akunakwenzeka njengoko kubonakala ngathi, ukufumanisa enye ye-neurobiological, kuphela kwiminyaka embalwa ubudala, ingavumelekanga zonke izizathu zokuqhelanisa ukukhokelwa kwezilwanyana ze-intanethi.
Yintoni efunyenweyo? ΔFosB (DeltaFosB)
Iingxaki ze-neurobiologists ziye zityhila ukuba zonke iziyobisi, zombini imichiza kunye nokuziphatha, kubonakala ngathi kwabelana ngotshintsho oluphambili lweemolekyuli. Ngokucacileyo, imayile iyahluka, kodwa ngesiNgesi esicacileyo (ngeenkcukacha ezithe kratya kamva), nantsi indlela esebenza ngayo:
- Ugqithisa ukutya okunamafutha / okushukela, iziyobisi okanye Amanqanaba aphezulu okwenza isondo kubangela dopamine ukunyuka ngokuphindaphindiweyo.
- Ukugqithisa okungapheliyo, kunye ne-dopamine spikes, kunye ΔFosB ukuqokelela kancane kwimiba ephambili yengqondo yakho. (ΔFosB yiyo into yokubhala, oko kukuthi, iprotheni ebophelela kwiijethi zakho kwaye iguqula okanye icime.)
- I-FosB ke ixhomekeke ngexeshana, iguqule iimpendulo zemfuza, ukuzisa ukulinganisa, ubuchopho bomzimba buguquka. Ezi ziqala ku khuthazwa, okt, ukuphinda uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde ukuba nako usebenzise amandla okujikeleza umvuzo wengqondo-kodwa kuphela ekuphenduleni kwimiba ethile edibanisa nomlutha okhulayo.
- Zonke iinguqu zengqondo eziqaliswe ngu-DFFB zihlala zihlala zigciniweyo okanye, xa kuthengiswa i-intanethi, ihlaziywa yinto engqondweni yakho eyiqonda ngayo njenge-Fertilization Fest.
Ukutshintsha kwemolekyuli
Ngokomphandi Eric Nestler,
[ΔFosB] ifana ne i-molecular switch. … Xa sele ivuliwe, ihlala okwexeshana kwaye ayimki lula. Le nto ibonwa njengempendulo kulawulo olungapheliyo lwaso nasiphi na isiyobisi. Ikwaqwalaselwa emva kwenqanaba eliphezulu lokusetyenziswa kwe imivuzo yemvelo (umzimba, sucrose, yokutya okunamafutha aphezulu, isini).
Olunye uphando lubonisa ukuba kuthatha iiveki ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-8 zokuyeka i-DeltaFosB ukuba yehle. Nangona i-DeltaFosB ingasekho, iindlela ezikhuthazayo zihlala, mhlawumbi ubomi bonke. Khumbula, injongo ye-DeltaFosB kukukhuthaza ukuphinda ubuye ubuchopho, ukuze ube nakho ukudubula okukhulu kuyo nayiphi na into oyigqithileyo. Le nkumbulo, okanye ukufunda nzulu, kuhlala ixesha elide emva komsitho. Umlutha awuyiyo ingozi-yiyo yokufunda.
Ingongoma kukuba wonke umntu unayo i-DeltaFosB, kwaye xa iqokelela ngenxa yokugqithisa okungapheliyo naluphi na wethu unokuphelisa inguqu yengqondo ekhokelela ekunyanzelweni nasekufunweni. Enyanisweni, ukuqhubela phambili ukugqithisa xa izilingo zijikeleze zifumaneka kuwo wonke ubukumkani bezilwanyana.
Isilwanyana sesondlo sezilwanyana uMark Edwards sibonisa ukuba, "Sonke sinzima ukutya izixhobo ezingaphezulu kweemfuneko zemihla ngemihla. Andikwazi ukucinga ngeentlobo ezingenayo. " Amanci aseTamarin baye babonwa ukuba badle amajikijolo amaninzi ngelixa amathumbu abo ephazamisekile kwaye ngokukhawuleza bayakunqwenela iziqhamo zonke abazenzayo.
Inoveli kunye nokusetyenziswa kakhulu
Kungoko ke ukurhintyelwa kwindalo esingqongileyo kudlala indima enkulu ekubeni sigqiba kakhulu, kwaye namhlanje simahla, nokuba yeyiphi na inoveli ye-Intanethi eheha ngokukodwa-ngakumbi ulutsha. Into enomdla kukuba, uphando lwe-osBFosB lukwacebisa ukuba kutheni umlutha uyingozi enkulu kubo kunabantu abadala. Ngoku ka Nestler,
Izilwanyana ezisebuntwaneni zibonisa ukutyunjwa okukhulu kwe-DFF xa kuthelekiswa nezilwanyana ezindala, ezihambelana nokukhuselwa kwabo kwingozi.
I-ΔFosB ephakamileyo yinto enye Inkalo ekhethekileyo yobungqina bentsha nto leyo eyenza bafumaneke besengozini yokulutha.
Ngokuqonda okukhulu ngokubaluleka kwe-osBFosB, makhe siqwalasele ezi ntsomi zintlanu:
1. UBUXOKI: Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwe-Intanethi kukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwe-intanethi "kukunyanzelwa" hayi "ukuba likhoboka."
Olu “lucalucalulo olungenantlukwano” lwakudala, olususela kwimihla apho iingcali zonyango zazikhetha ukwahluka kwezokuziphatha ("ukunyanzelwa") kwizikhoboka zeziyobisi. Olu lwazi lwandulela i uphando bonisa ukuba buchule bo buchule ngasemva zombini zifanayo. Ngelishwa, iphosakele ngabanye njengokubonakalisa umlinganiselo ophezulu.
Njengoko kuvela, kukho azikho iindlela ezimbini ezihlukeneyo okanye iisethi zeenguqu zee-molecular: enye yokunyanzeliswa kunye neyomlutha. Kukho omnye iqela leengxaki zeengqondo okhuthaza ukuqhubela phambili kokuqhubeka, kunye nomqalisi oyintloko: ΔFosB.
Ingaba umlutha uziphatha okanye iikhemikhali, amazinga e-FosB aqokeleleneyo ahambelana nobunzima beenguqu zengqondo ezinxulumene nomlutha. Abantu banokuthi olunye usuku luze lukwazi ukuvavanya amazinga abo e-FosB ukuchonga zombini ubungakanani bomdla wabo kunye neqondo lokubuyiswa kwazo. * I-gulp * Ngokomphandi u-Eric Nestler,
Iphakamisa umdla onomdla wokuba amanqanaba e-osBFosB kwi-nucleus accumbens okanye mhlawumbi eminye imimandla yobuchopho inokusetyenziswa njenge-biomarker yokuvavanya imeko yovuselelo lwesekethe yomvuzo womntu, kunye nenqanaba umntu 'alikhoboka lazo', zombini Ngexesha lokuphuhliswa kwesiyobisi kunye nokuncipha kwaso kancinci ngexesha lokurhoxa okanye kunyango olwandisiweyo.
2. IMPILO: Ukuba umlutha we-intanethi we-Intanethi zaye ukuba ziqaphele, kuya kufuneka ziphande / ziqinisekiswe njengemeko ehlukile kwezinye izilingo.
Le ngqungquthela iqhutywe ngu Ukwala okungafanelekanga kweDSM ukuza kumgangatho we-neuroscience. Ekugqibeleni, kule nyanga, i-DSM-5 ibhengeze ukuba icinga ngokuhlaziya inkcazo yokulutha ukuba ibandakanye engachazwanga "izilingo zokuziphatha. ” Esi sisilungiso esamkelekileyo, kodwa asonelanga, ngenxa yokuba i-DSM-5 iye yakutshitshisa ngaxeshanye konke ukukhankanywa kweziyobisi kwi-Intanethi kunye nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweefografi kusetyenziswa incwadana esisikhokelo esiya kwisihlomelo esinamagama “ukuze uqhubeke ufunda.”
Kuyo yonke imbali yayo, i-DSM isebenze ngokungathi ukwahlukana phakathi kwezilingo ezahlukeneyo bekubalulekileyo ekuhloleni kwabo. Oku kungenangqondo ngokubhekiselele kwizinto ezifunyenwe kwi-FosB. Enyanisweni, yiyiphi into edibeneyo isabelo esinika ukuxilongwa okuthembekileyo kokuxhatshazwa.
I-ΔFosB ikhokelela kulungelelwaniso oluthile lweselula (inhibits dynorphin, upregulates glutamate 2 receptor, yandisa iinkqubo zokudibanisa), ukukhutshwa kweprotein, xa kudityaniswa, kuvelisa ezo ziingcali zobungcaphephe ekubhekiseleni kubo njengeziyobisi phenotype. Ngamanye amagama, ukukhuthazwa kwimihlaba-ebhalisa njengento eyaneleyo yokufanele ikhunjulwe-ikhokelela ekutshintsheni kwintetho yezofuzo, ezenza utshintsho lwezakhiwo kunye neengxaki zezinto eziphilayo.
Ngokuqhubeka kokugqithisa (kunye ukugqithisa, oko kukuthi, umlutha) ezi zinguqu zibonakaliswa njengolu xilongo ziphatha kunye neempawu-Kufana nokuthanda, ukunyanzeliswa ukusetyenziswa nokuqhubeka nokusetyenziswa nangona ziphumo ezimbi.
- Ukugqithisa → i-dopamine → ΔFosB → utshintsho olunxulumene neziyobisi
3. UBUXOKI: Umxholo "wokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwe-porn" awunantsingiselo kuba akukho mntu unokuthi xa umsebenzisi ewela umgca.
Umbuzo ocacileyo ngulo: "Ngaliphi ixesha ukusetyenziswa koononophelo kuba yintsholongwane (oko kukuthi, umlutha)?" Impendulo ilula: "Nanini na xa inani lokukhuthaza lifaka ukuqokelelwa kwe-ΔFosB kunye notshintsho lwengqondo olunxulumene neziyobisi."
Nangona umlingo ngamnye uchaphazela ingqondo ngendlela ekhethekileyo, zizinto eziqhelekileyo (ezifana nokuqokelela i-ΔFosB kunye neengqondo zitshintsha utshintsho) ezikhokelela ekugqiliseni. Ngako oko, i Umbutho waseMerika wezoLungiso lweMilutha (ASAM) kunyaka odlulileyo wavuma ukuba umlutha ngowona nto (isifo) esisodwa.
Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwamagqabantshintshi ngaphandle kwentsimi yokulutha, ezingekabikho ukuhambisana nokuphuhliswa kwangoko, qhubeka u-opine ukuba ngaphandle kwezifundo ezilawulwayo kwi-intanethi yeentombi ezingamanyala, ubukho beziyobisi ezingamanyala abunakubonakaliswa. Le ngxelo inokuvakala ngathi ayikhuphi moya kwabangenalwazi, kodwa ngoku iluhlobo lwayo lwenzululwazi.
4. UBUXOKI: Njengoko "iphonografi" ingenakuchazwa, ubukho bobukho be-porn kufuneka buhlale buthandabuza.
Le ntsomi ngumbala obomvu. Akukho sidingo sokuchaza "iphonografi" ukungqina ubukho be-intanethi. Ngoba? Kungenxa yokuba kukuqina kokunyusa (Oko kukuthi, inqanaba le-dopamine ekhutshwe kwi-nucleus accumbens yengqondo) -ngayiyo umthombo kolo khuthazo-olukhokelela kuqokelelo lwe-ΔFosB… kunye inguqu enxulumene neziyobisi.
Iingxoxo malunga "nezinto ezibonisa amanyala" ke zibomvu, ii-neon herrings. Ayinamsebenzi nokuba ucofa imifanekiso yeenyawo, intombazana-ntombazana enzima okanye iimodeli zokudada. Ukuba ibangela akho I-dopamine ngaphezulu kweendlela zakho zokuhlutha eziqhelekileyo kwaye usete ikhonkco le-osBFosB, unokugqibela ngokuba likhoboka. Ukuba ayenzi njalo, akukho siyobisi.
As ASAM bonisa, umlutha u malunga ubuchopho, kungekhona imisebenzi ethile-okanye iifowuni.
5. IMPILO: Kuphela abantu abaneemeko ezandulela ukuhlala bexhamla kwi-pornography.
Oku akuyinyani kwi-intanethi ye-intanethi okanye nayiphi na enye into. Okokuqala, i-osBFosB ebangelwa kukutshintsha kwengqondo ayizalwanga, ngenxa yoko umlutha awunakuphepheka. Njengoko Alan Leshner, owayengumqondisi weSizwe soMgaqo-nkqubo weDrug Abuse,
“Imfuza yakho ayikwenzi ube likhoboka lazo. Zikwenza ukuba ube ngaphezulu, okanye unciphe kancinci. Asikaze sifumane nofuzo olunye olukuthintela ekubeni likhoboka, okanye oluchaza ukuba uza kuba likhoboka. ”
Okwesibini, kungakhathaliseki ukuba umntu okhuselekayo kukuyingozi (mhlawumbi ngenxa ye-DNA okanye i-DNA), kufuneka adibanise nommandla, oko kukuthi, kufuneka ba ndakanya kwi-overconsumption ngaphambi kokuba i-DFF iqalise ukuqokelela kwingqondo. Oku kwenzeka ngokuzimela ngaphandle kweemeko ezifana ne-ADHD, ukudandatheka, i-OCD, njl njl. Njalo, loo miqathango inokunyusa ukwanda komngcipheko wokugqithisa kunye nokwenza ukuba iziphumo zayo ziphazamise ngakumbi.
Okungakumbi kwiDeltaFosB
Njengoko kuchazwe ngasentla, ukuqhubeka ngokusetyenziswa kwamanzi kubangela ukuqokelela i-ΔFosB → i-activation of genes → utshintsho kwi-syapses → utshintsho olusondeleyo kumlingo → ukuthanda, ukunyanzelisa → ukuqhubeka nokugqithisa. (Jonga Ubunzima Bomlutha ngeenkcukacha.)
Oososayensi bakholelwa ukuba ubuchopho buphakathi ΔFosB iqalisa ku khuthazwa. Sensitization yenza nayiphi na into oyisebenzisayo ibaluleke kakhulu kwaye inomvuzo kuneminye imivuzo. Oku kukuqala kokuthanda nokunyanzeliswa ukusetyenziswa.
Iindlela ezifanelekileyo kunokucingwa ngathi Isimo sePavlovian kwi-steroids. Xa isebenze iingcamango okanye iziphumo, iindlela ezenziwayo zikhupha isiphaluka somvuzo, zikhwela ngamandla-ukungazinaki izifiso. Njengokuba amanzi ahamba ngendlela yokuncinci, unjalo, kwaye ngoko ke iingcamango. Njengazo naziphi na izakhono, ukwenza lula ukwenza oko kulula. Kungekudala kuba yinto ehamba ngokuzenzekelayo, ngaphandle kwengcinga.
Ukugqithiswa kwe-sencinationumption kungaqhutyelwa kwezinye iinguqu zengqondo, njengokuba impendulo engaphantsi kwezinto eziqhelekileyo (ukungafuneki). Ngoba? Iiseli zemithambo-luvo ezihlaselwa yi-dopamine ngenxa yokusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo zithi, "Kwanele ngokwaneleyo." Iiseli zemithambo-luvo ezamkelayo zigquma “iindlebe” zazo ngokunciphisa i-dopamine (D2) i-receptors.
Ukuxhatshazwa
Ngexesha elifanayo ukuchithwa kwemfuno kukugubungela kwimihlali yansuku zonke, ukuvuselelwa kwengqondo kwenza ukuba ingqondo yakho isebenze ngokusisigxina kunoma yini ehambelana nomlutha wakho. Ngamanye amagama, ukuchithwa kwemfuno kubonisa ezimbi impendulo yelog kwi-overdrive, ngelixa ubonakaliso lwengqondo lubonisa a ezintle loop yombiko ukuqhuba ngaphezulu. Esi sisiseko sazo zonke iziyobisi. Ixesha elingaphezulu, le ndlela inamacala amabini inokubangela ukuba ingqondo yakho ibhabhe kwinto yokusebenzisa iphonografi, kodwa ingaphantsi kokuchaphazeleka xa iboniswa neqabane lokwenyani.
Ngaphezulu, njengoko Umvuzo weedopamine wesiphaluka unika inxalenye yengqondo elawulayo umsebenzi olawulayo (I i-correx), ngokukhawuleza unokuhlangabezana noguquko lwengqondo olulandelayo lwesifo somlutha. Ukuchithwa kwempahla (ukwehla kwe-dopamine kunye ne-dopamine i-D2 receptors) kunokuchaphazela kakubi i-prefrontal-producing-cornex-ukuvelisa umcimbi omhlophe ongaqhelekanga, ukulahleka kwemigca kunye nokunciphisa umzimba. Ezi zinguqu zibizwa ukungazenzisi. Zibangela ukunciphisa ukulawula kwakho umgudu kunye nokuxabisa ngaphezu kokuxabisa umlutha wakho.
Ubunzulu bobuchuku
Ukuxhatshazwa kwemvelo kunokuthi kwenzeke ngokukhawuleza (njengoko Iiphunga zanikela ukutya okungekho mfuneko yokutya) okanye kungathatha iminyaka. I ngamandla ukukhuthazwa kudlala indima kwiyiphi ipesenteji yabasebenzisi abaxhatshazwa kwizinto ezithile. Umqambi UDamian Thompson cacisa,
Njengomgaqo ngokubanzi, ukucoca iziyolo yindlela ekhawulezayo yokulutha. … Umahluko phakathi kwe-porn endala kunye ne-intanethi ye-intanethi ufana nomehluko phakathi kwewayini kunye nemimoya. Emva kwamakhulu eminyaka njengotywala obuncinci, i-erotica iye yafumana i-distillation ngokukhawuleza. Iphonografi yedijithali ilingana ne-gin yexabiso eliphantsi eGeorgia yaseNgilani. … Phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-18, iinxalenye zangaphakathi eLondon zafumana ubhubhane wokuqala wokuqala wobunxila. … I-gin craze ekugqibeleni yacinywa ngumthetho owalela ukuthanjiswa kwasekhaya. Nje ukuba i-gin yexabiso eliphantsi iyeke ukubakho, abantu abasela iziyobisi bayikhaba loo nto.
Kwimeko ye-intanethi ye-intanethi, umlutha kufuneka axhasane ngokukhaba umkhwa phakathi kwezinto ezinokubangela ukukhupha. Ndiyabulela i-DFBB yabo yebhaloji ibanjwe kubo. Yiloo ayingekho isiscience.
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