在COVID-19大流行情况下(2020年)使用色情内容

抽象

With the global expansion of the COVID-19 pandemic, social or physical distancing, quarantines, and lockdowns have become more prevalent.随着COVID-11的全球扩张,大流行,社会或人与人之间的隔离,隔离和封锁已变得越来越普遍。 Concurrently, Pornhub, one of the largest pornography sites, has reported increased pornography use in multiple countries, with global traffic increasing over 17% from late February to March 2020, 4. While some substantial increases have coincided with Pornhub making its premium services free to countries in lockdowned or quarantined jurisdictions, countries without such free premium access have also reported increases in the range of 24–9.1%.同时,Pornhub是最大的色情网站之一,据报道在多个国家/地区使用色情的次数有所增加,从19年XNUMX月下旬至XNUMX年XNUMX月XNUMX日,全球访问量增长了XNUMX%。处于封锁或隔离司法管辖区的国家/地区,没有此类免费保费访问权的国家/地区也报告了XNUMX-XNUMX%的增幅。 In addition, pornography searches using the terms “coronavirus”, “corona”, and “covid” have reached more than XNUMX million.此外,使用“冠状病毒”,“冠状病毒”和“ covid”一词进行的色情内容搜索已超过XNUMX万。 In this letter, we discuss COVID-XNUMX-related pornography-use patterns and the impact they may have with respect to problematic pornography use.在这封信中,我们讨论了与COVID-XNUMX相关的色情使用方式,以及它们对有问题的色情使用可能产生的影响。

在线色情制品的使用已在世界范围内普及(卢斯科姆,2016)。 Pornhub网站报告称,42年访问量超过2019亿次,平均每天访问量为115亿次(Pornhub,2019).

在COVID-19大流行期间,快速的变化以多种方式影响了许多人。 与大流行相关的社会,财务,健康,职业和其他压力因素可能会影响人们从事潜在上瘾行为的动机,包括在互联网上(Bonenberger,2019年)。 Pornhub指出,在居家和社交疏散指令以及其他与COVID-19相关的事件中,Pornhub指出,11.6年17月2020日,全球色情使用量较之前的平均天数增加了XNUMX%(Pornhub,2020)。 Over a month-long period from February 24/25, 2020 to March 17, 2020, all 27 countries, for which data were provided, showed increases in pornography use, typically ranging from 4 to 24% (在XNUMX年XNUMX月XNUMX/XNUMX日至XNUMX年XNUMX月XNUMX日的一个月时间里,提供数据的所有XNUMX个国家/地区的色情内容使用量均有所增加,通常为XNUMX%至XNUMX%(Pornhub,2020)。 However, in jurisdictions, in which Pornhub made its premium services free given quarantines and stay-at-home mandates, more substantial increases were observed: 57, 38, and 61% increases in Italy, France, and Spain, respectively, each occurring a day after free services were offered (但是,在一些地区,Pornhub在提供隔离服务和在家中授权的情况下免费提供优质服务,其增长幅度更大:意大利,法国和西班牙分别增长了XNUMX%,XNUMX%和XNUMX%,提供免费服务后的第二天(Pornhub,2020)。 17月3日,欧洲观察到色情消费的日常模式发生了变化,其中最大的增长发生在当地时间(凌晨31.5点)。 (1%)和下午26.4点(XNUMX%)(Pornhub,2020)。 Largely, similar patterns were observed in other regions including in the US and Asian jurisdictions, especially with respect to early-morning viewing (在很大程度上,在包括美国和亚洲司法管辖区在内的其他地区也观察到了类似的模式,特别是在早上观看时(Pornhub,2020)。 These findings, similar to those during a government shutdown (这些发现类似于政府关闭期间的发现(Pornhub,2020),提出有关可能的睡眠和工作中断对色情使用行为的影响的问题。 Alternate explanations (eg, viewing pornography secretively after a partner goes to sleep, as is reported by people in treatment for problematic pornography use (PPU)) also warrant consideration based on clinical experience (另一种解释(例如,在有性色情用途(PPU)的患者接受治疗后,伴侣睡着后偷偷观看色情内容)也应根据临床经验加以考虑(Brand,Blycker和Potenza,2019年; Blycker,未发表的临床观察结果)。

25年2020月30日,Pornhub记录了搜索词“冠状病毒”的初次使用,以及过去9.1天作为搜索词的用法,以及随后的“冠状病毒”和“ covid”的使用量大幅增加,超过了XNUMX万(Pornhub,2020)。 While it is currently unclear what may motivate such searches, altered event-related content searches have followed other changes/deprivations;尽管目前尚不清楚是什么原因促使此类搜索,但与事件相关的内容搜索发生了变化,随之而来的是其他变化/剥夺; eg, during a Fortnite server crash, increases in searches for Fortnite-related pornography were reported (例如,在Fortnite服务器崩溃期间,据报告,与Fortnite相关的色情内容的搜索量有所增加(卡斯特罗·卡尔沃(Castro-Calvo),巴勒斯特·阿纳尔(Ballester-Arnal),波坦察(Potenza),金(King)和比利克斯(Billieux),2018年)。 Moreover, the substantial number of searches for covid-related pornography suggests that it may warrant additional investigation.此外,搜索与covid相关的色情内容的大量次数表明,它可能值得进一步调查。

The above-described patterns of pornography use raise questions about potential relationships to PPU and health concerns.上述色情使用方式提出了有关与PPU和健康问题的潜在关系的问题。 Stress may exacerbate mental illness or problematic/addictive behaviors (压力可能会加剧精神疾病或有问题/成瘾的行为(Sinha,2008),以及使用色情内容的时间和频率及其健康相关因素的变化需要进一步调查。 Furthermore, changes in pornography-viewing content should be studied, particularly given reports that individuals in treatment for PPU often report having viewed more extreme pornography over time (此外,应研究观看色情内容的变化,特别是考虑到有报道称,接受PPU治疗的个人经常报告说,随着时间的推移观看了更多的极端色情内容(Brand,Blycker和Potenza,2019年).

The above-described pornography-use behaviors should be interpreted cautiously, especially since COVID-19-related phenomena may change rapidly and longer-term consequences are not known.上述色情使用行为应谨慎解释,尤其是因为与COVID-19相关的现象可能会迅速改变并且长期后果未知。 However, data may provide insight into how individuals may cope with forced confinement, stress, and/or free pornography access.但是,数据可以提供有关个人如何应对强制性禁闭,压力和/或免费色情访问的见识。 COVID-12-pandemic-related circumstances may also limit casual sex and other behaviors, so individuals may use pornography as a coping strategy.与COVID-XNUMX大流行相关的情况也可能会限制随意的性行为和其他行为,因此个人可能会使用色情作为应对策略。 People with PPU may also relapse to pornography use in the setting of feeling powerless, hopeless, and disconnected from XNUMX-step support systems, as has been seen in substance addictions (患有PPU的人在感觉无能为力,绝望和与XNUMX步支持系统脱节的情况下也可能会重新使用色情内容,这在物质成瘾中就已经体现出来(Donovan,Ingalsbe,Benbow和Daley,2013年; Blycker,未发表的临床观察)。 Generally, pornographic materials may distract individuals from loneliness, distress, boredom or other pandemic-related negative emotions (一般而言,色情材料可能会使人们远离寂寞,困扰,无聊或其他与大流行相关的负面情绪(Grubbs等,2020)。 These and other possibilities warrant direct examination.这些和其他可能性需要直接检查。

色情内容使用量的增加可能预示着PPU(Brand,Blycker和Potenza,2019年),与特定的心理和生物学机制相关联的实体(Gola et al。,2017; Stark,Klucken,Potenza,Brand和Strahler,2018年)。 As PPU has been associated with functional impairment, emotional avoidance, decreased productivity, and psychopathology (由于PPU与功能障碍,情绪回避,生产力下降和精神病理学有关(Baranowski,Vogl和Stark,2019年; 伯特,托斯·基拉利,奥罗斯,波坦察和德梅特罗维奇,2020年; Fineberg等人,2018; Kor等人,2014年),需要对全世界的色情使用方式进行更多的研究,并仔细分析COVID-19大流行期间和之后PPU的流行程度及其相关性。 As high-frequency use of pornography may occur in the absence of self-reported PPU, research is also needed into other factors that may underlie or relate to frequent use of pornography (eg, reducing stress, obtaining sexual pleasure, or fulfillment of other desires or needs;由于在没有自我报告的PPU的情况下可能会频繁使用色情内容,因此还需要研究可能与色情内容频繁使用有关或与之相关的其他因素(例如,减轻压力,获得性快感或满足其他欲望)或需求; 伯特,托斯·基拉利,奥罗斯,波坦察和德梅特罗维奇,2020年)。 However, for those experiencing pornography-use-related distress or problems, online self-help forums (eg, NoFap, Reboot Nation, or online 12-step forums focusing on sex and love addiction) may represent important resources.但是,对于那些遇到与色情使用相关的困扰或问题的人,在线自助论坛(例如,NoFap,Reboot Nation或关注性和爱情成瘾的在线19步论坛)可能是重要的资源。 Additionally, it will be important to examine the extent to which any changes during the COVID-XNUMX pandemic are shorter-term adaptations or longer-term patterns of behaviors, particularly if these behaviors lead to personal or interpersonal distress or harms.此外,重要的是要检查COVID-XNUMX大流行期间的任何变化在多大程度上是短期适应或长期行为模式,尤其是在这些行为导致个人或人际关系困扰或伤害的情况下。