Ukuhlaziywa "Isifiso Sobulili, Hhayi Ubungqingili, Kuhlobene Nezimpendulo Ze-Neurophysiological Ezihlotshiswe Izithombe Zezocansi" (Steele et al., 2013)

I-VERSION EYINGQONDO EPHAKATHI: Eminyakeni ethile edlule, uDavid Ley futhi ufundela okhulumela Nicole Prause bahlanganyele ukubhala a Psychology Today okuthunyelwe kwebhulogi mayelana Steele et al., I-2013 ebizwa ngokuthi "Ubuchopho bakho ku-Porn - AWUKHAYELI". Ukuthunyelwe kwebhulogi kubonakala izinyanga ezingu-5 ngaphambi Isifundo se-EEG sikaPrause sashicilelwa ngokusemthethweni. Isihloko sayo se-oh-so-catchy siyadukisa ngoba asihlangene ngalutho Ubuchopho bakho ku-Porn noma i-neuroscience evezwe lapho. Kunalokho, ngo-March ka-David Ley, ukuthunyelwa kwe-blog ye-2013 kuzinciphisa ngokwayo isifundo esisodwa se-EEG esingalungile - Steele et al., 2013.

buyekeza: Kulombukiso we-2018 u-Gary Wilson ubonisa iqiniso ngemuva kwezinguquko ze-5 ezibuzayo nokudukisa, kuhlanganise nalolu cwaningo (Steele et al., I-2013): Ucwaningo Lwezingubo: Iqiniso Noma Izinganekwane?

UDavid Ley ungumbhali we Inkolelo-mkhuba Yezokwelapha Ngokwezocansi, futhi uyaphika ngokwenkolo kokubili ubulili nokulutha kocansi. U-Ley ubhale i-30 noma ukuthunyelwe kwebhulogi ukuhlaselwa amaforamu okubuyisa ama-porn, nokulahla umlutha wezocansi kanye ne-porn-eyenziwe ngu-ED. U-Ley & Prause akahlangananga nje ukubhala amaLey's Psychology Today okuthunyelwe kwebhulogi mayelana Steele et al., 2013, kamuva bajoyina amabutho ukuze ashicilele iphepha le-2014 ukuxosha umlutha wezocansi.

Sivame ukubona ekaLey Psychology Today Ukuthunyelwe kwebhulogi okubhekiswe ekungqubuzaneni mayelana nokulutha kwezidakamizwa. Nakuba abaningi bekusho njengobufakazi babo obuyinhloko bokuthi kukhona ukulutha kwezidakamizwa ezingcolile, abambalwa banombono wokuthi yini Steele et al., 2013 empeleni kubikiwe. Uma ukusesha okungakhethi kweGoogle konke onakho, yilokhu okuposayo. Eqinisweni, isifundo sePrause sika-2013 EEG empeleni siyayisekela imodeli yokuluthwa kwezocansi futhi asikutholanga okushiwo yiLey noma iPrause ukuthi ikwenzile. Ukuhlaziywa okubukezwe kontanga okuyisikhombisa Steele et al. I-2013 ichaza ukuthi i- Steele et al. okutholakele kuholela ekusikeleni imodeli yokulutha izidakamizwa. Amaphepha avumelana ne-YBOP ahlambalaza ngokuthi sonke siyavuma lokho Steele et al. empeleni uthole okulandelayo:

  • Abasebenzisi bezithombe zobulili bezintambo ezivamile babenomqondo omkhulu-ukucubungula (ukufundwa kwe-EEG ephakeme) ezithombeni zocansi ezihlobene nezithombe ezingathathi hlangothi (okufana nezidakamizwa ezidakamizwa uma zivezwe ezihlobene nezidakamizwa zabo).
  • Abantu abanokuqaphela okukhulu-ukubuyiselwa kwe-porn babenakho Ngaphansi isifiso sobulili nomlingani (kodwa hhayi isifiso esincane sokushaya indlwabu ku-porn). Lokhu kuyisibonakaliso kokubili ukuzwela nokwehlisa izinhloso.

Amaphepha amathathu abuye achaze indlela eyiphutha yocwaningo kanye neziphetho ezingenabufakazi. Iphepha # 1 lizinikele kuphela ku- Steele et al., I-2013. Amaphepha 2-8 aqukethe izigaba zokuhlaziya Steele et al., I-2013:

  1. 'Isifiso Esiphezulu', noma 'Ngokusobala' Isiyaluyalu? A Response to Steele et al. (2013), nguDonald L. Hilton, Jr., MD
  2. I-Neural Correlates ye-Sexual Cue Reactivity ku-Individuals Without and Exhibsive Behaviors (2014), ngu-Valerie Voon, uThomas B. Mole, Paula Banca, uLaura Porter, uLaurel Morris, Simon Mitchell, uTatyana R. Lapa, Judy Karr, Neil A. UHarrison, uMarc N. Potenza, noMichael Irvine
  3. I-Neuroscience ye-Inthanethi Yezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile: Ukubuyekezwa Nokuvuselelwa (2015), nguTodd Love, uChristian Laier, uMatthias Brand, uLinda Hatch noRaju Hajela
  4. Ingabe Izithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Zase-Internet Zibangela Ukuhlukunyezwa Ngokobulili? Ukubuyekezwa Kwemibiko Yomtholampilo (2016), uBrian Y. Park, uGary Wilson, uJonathan Berger, uMathem Christman, uBryn Reina, uFrank Bishop, uWarren P. Klam no-Andrew P. Doan
  5. Izinyathelo Eziqaphelayo Nezingezona Zenhliziyo Yokuzizwa: Ingabe Ziyakhathaza Ngokuvame Ukusetshenziswa Kwezingcolile? (2017) ngo-Sajeev Kunaharan, Sean Halpin, Thiagarajan Sitharthan, uShannon Bosshard, noPeter Walla
  6. Izindlela zokuzicabangela izinkinga zokucindezeleka kokuziphatha ngokobulili (2018), u-Ewelina Kowalewska, uJoshua B. Grubbs, uMarc N. Potenza, uMateusz Gola, uMałgorzata Draps, noShane W.Kraus.
  7. Ukubhebhetheka Kokuziphatha Okune-Inthanethi: Okuthi Siyazi Nalokho Esingazikho-Ukubuyekezwa Okuhlelekile (2019), uRubén de Alarcón, uJavier I. de la Iglesia, uNerea M. Casado no-Angel L. Montejo.
  8. Ukuqaliswa Nokuthuthukiswa Kwesisindo Sokuxilongwa Nge-Cybersex: Ukulimala Kwamanye Abantu, Ukuqiniswa Kwamanye Amandla kanye Nezindlela Ze-Neural "(2019) nguHe Wei, Shi Yahuan, Zhang wei, Luo Wenbo, He Wiezhan

Qaphela: Izifundo ezingaphezu kwe-25 zikhohlisa isimangalo sokuthi ubulili nemilutha yezocansi "banesifiso sobulili esiphakeme kuphela". Lokhu kubalulekile njengoba uPrause athi izifundiswa zakhe zazivele zibe nama-libidos aphezulu (kepha azange, njengoba uzobona ngezansi).

Isingeniso

Ucwaningo lwe-SPAN Lab: “Isifiso sobulili, hhayi ubulili obufanayo, sihlobene Nezimpendulo Ze-Neurophysiological Ezihlotshiswe Izithombe Zobulili" (waziwa ngo Steele et al., 2013).

Lolu cwaningo lwe-2013 EEG lwafakwa emithonjeni yobufakazi njengobufakazi obuphikisana nokukhona komlutha wezocansi (noma ukuphuza ngokweqile ngokocansi). Empeleni, I-YBOP ihlunga lolu cwaningo njengesekela ukutholakala kwezidakamizwa zobulili ezingcolile. Kungani? Ucwaningo lubike ukufundwa kwe-EEG ephakeme (P300) lapho izifundo zivezwa ezithombeni ezingcolile. I-P300 ephakeme kwenzeka uma izilonda zivezwa ezinkomba (ezifana nezithombe) ezihlobene nokulutha kwayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isifundo sabikezela ukuthi abantu abane ukukhishwa okukhulu kwe-porno wayenakho isifiso esingaphansi kobulili nomlingani (kodwa hhayi isifiso esincane sokushaya indlwabu ku-porn). Ukubeka enye indlela - abantu abanokusebenzisa okuningi kobuchopho kanye nezifiso ze-porn bangathanda ukushaya indlwabu ocansini kunokuya ocansini nomuntu wangempela.

Kulo mbiko, okhulumela ucwaningo uNicole Prause uthi abasebenzisi be-porn babenemiphumela ephakeme ye-libido, kodwa imiphumela yocwaningo ithi into ehluke kakhulu. Empeleni, ukucutshungulwa okukhulu kwe-porn, kanye nesifiso esincane sokulala nobulili nabalingani bangempela, uqondanisa le Ucwaningo lwe-2014 Cambridge University luhlolisisa ubuchopho on izidakamizwa porn. Njengoba uzobona ngezansi, ukutholakala kwangempela kwalolu cwaningo lwe-EEG akuhambisani neze nezihloko ezihlanganisiwe noma izimangalo zombhali.

Esikhathini esibucayi esilandelayo sichitha izimangalo ezingenasisekelo futhi sibonisa lokho okufundwayo ngempela, futhi kungani kungakaze kushicilelwe. Ngiphakamisa inguqulo emfushane, ekhuluma ngezimangalo ezintathu eziyinhloko ezenziwe kumaphephandaba.

buyekeza: Okuningi kuvele kusukela ngoJulayi, i-2013. UCLA akavuselelanga isivumelwano sikaNicole Prause (ekuqaleni kwe-2015). Akusekho iPrause yezifundo wabamba izigameko eziningana ezibhaliwe zokuhlukunyezwa nokuhlukunyezwa njengengxenye yomkhankaso we "astroturf" oqhubekayo wokukholisa abantu ukuthi noma ubani ongavumelani neziphetho zakhe kufanele aqalekiswe. Ukudumisa kunqwabelene a umlando omude abalobi abahlukumezayo, abacwaningi, abathintekayo, abathintana nabo nabanye abazama ukubika ubufakazi bokuhlukumezeka kokusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi. Kubonakala sengathi ehle kakhulu embonini yezocansi, njengoba kungabonakala kulokhu isithombe sakhe (ngakwesokudla) emgqeni obomvu we-X-Rated Critics Organization (XRCO) umkhosi wemiklomelo. (Ngokusho kwe-Wikipedia the I-XRCO Awards anikezwa yiMelika Izinkampani zokuhlaziya ezibalwe ngu-X minyaka yonke kubantu abasebenzisa ukuzijabulisa kwabantu abadala futhi yiwona kuphela umklomelo wemiklomelo omdala oboniswa kuphela ngamalungu embonini.[1]). Kubuye kubonakale ukuthi iPrause ingaba nayo wathola abenzi be-porn njengezihloko ngokusebenzisa enye imboni ye-porn interest group, the Ukusebenzisana kwamahhala okukhulumayo. Izifundo ezitholwe yi-FSC kusolwa ukuthi zazisetshenziswa kuyena isifundo sokuqasha-isibhamu use ungcotshwe kakhulu futhi Ezentengiselwano kakhulu “Ukuzindla Ngokwezifiso” uhlelo (manje kuphenywe yi-FBI). Kwenziwa nodumo izimangalo ezingasekelwe mayelana imiphumela yezifundo zakhe kanye naye izindlela zokutadisha. Ukuze uthole imibhalo eminingi, bheka: Ingabe uNicole Prause Uthonywe Ngu-Porn Industry?

Ukuvuselela (Ihlobo, i-2019): Ngomhla ka-May 8, 2019 UDonald Hilton, MD wafaka isimangalo ngayinye se icala ngokumelene noNicole Prause & Liberos LLC (UDkt. Hilton uhlaziyiwe Steele et al. ku-2014). NgoJulayi 24, 2019 UDonald Hilton uchibiyele isikhalazo sakhe sokwehlisa isithunzi ukugqamisa (i-1) isikhalazo esingamanga se-Texas Board of Medical Examiners, (2) ngamanga wamanga wokuthi uDkt. Hilton wamangalela ubufakazi bakhe, kanye (3) nezincwadi ezifungelwe ezivela ku-9 ezinye izisulu zokuhlukunyezwa okufanayo (John Adler, MD, UGary Wilson, Alexander Rhodes, I-Staci Sprout, i-LICSW, ULinda Hatch, PhD, UBradley Green, PhD, Stefanie Carnes, PhD, UGeoff Goodman, PhD, Laila Haddad.)

I-VERSION ETHUTHUKILE

Abahlanganyeli: Izifundo ezingama-52 zokuhlolwa zaqashwa ngezikhangiso “icela abantu ababhekana nezinkinga ezilawula ukubuka kwabo kwezithombe zocansi. ” Abahlanganyeli (isilinganiso seminyaka engu-24) babeyingxube yabesilisa (39) nabesifazane (13). Abahlanganyeli abangu-7 babekhona non-u-heterosexual. Iphutha eliyinhloko ku-Prause Studies (Steele et al., 2013, Prause et al., 2013, Prause et al., 2015) ukuthi akekho owaziyo ukuthi yiziphi, uma zikhona, zezifundo zikaPrause empeleni eziyimilutha yezocansi. Enkulumweni ka-2013 Nicole Prause uyavuma ukuthi izikhonzi zakhe eziningana zahlangabezana nezinkinga ezincane (okusho ukuthi abengezona izilonda zocansi):

"Lolu cwaningo lubandakanya kuphela abantu ababika izinkinga, kusuka ezinkingeni ezincane kakhulu kuya ezinkingeni ezinkulu, ukulawula ukubukwa kwabo kwezinhloso zobulili ezibukwayo."

Ngaphandle kokungazi ukuthi yiziphi izihloko ezaziyizigqila zobungqingili, zonke izifundo ze-Prause, kuhlanganise nalokhu, zenze hhayi ukuhlola izihloko zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ukuziphatha okucindezelayo, noma ezinye izidakamizwa. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kunoma yikuphi "ukutadisha ubuchopho" ngokulutha, funa ukudideka kunikeze imiphumela engenamqondo

Enye iphutha elibulalayo yilokho Steele et al. Izihloko azizange zithinteke (okufanayo kuya kwezinye izifundo ze-Prause). Kade amadoda nabesifazane, kuhlanganise ne-7 abangewona abesilisa nabesifazane, kodwa bonke baboniswa ngendlela ejwayelekile, mhlawumbe engathandekayo, engcolile, yocansi. Lokhu kuphela ukuphulukisa noma yikuphi okutholakele. Kungani? Ukufunda ngemva kokufunda kuqinisekisa ukuthi amadoda nabesifazane banesibalo esikhulu ezahlukene ukuphendula ebuchosheni emifanekisweni yezocansi noma amafilimu. Yingakho abaphenyi abanomdlandla obukhulu balinganisa izihloko ngokucophelela. Njengoba i-Prause Studies ayizange, imiphumela ayithembekile, futhi ayikwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukukhohlisa noma yini.

Lokho Abakwenza: Ukufundwa kwe-EEG (umsebenzi kagesi esihlokweni) kuthathwe njengabahlanganyeli babheka izithombe ze-225. I-38 yezithombe kwakuyizocansi, futhi bonke abathintekayo owesifazane oyedwa nomuntu oyedwa. Lokhu kuhlola okuyi-EEG (P300) okuqaphelisayo ukuze kuqaphele. Abahlanganyeli baphinde bagcwalise imibuzo engaba yi-4: Inhloso Yokuzibandakanya Ngokobulili (SDI), Isikweletu Sokucindezelwa Ngokocansi (SCS), Imiphumela Eyinkimbinkimbi Yokuzicabangela Yokuziphatha Ngokocansi (SBOSBQ), futhi Ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolileI-Scale Scale (I-PCES).

Uhlu lwemibuzo olusetshenziselwe ukuhlola "ukubheja kocansi" (Isikali Sokuphoqeleka Ngokobulili) kwakungu ayiqinisekisiwe njengensimbi yokuhlola yokulutha kwe-porn. Yadalwa ku-1995 futhi yaklanywa ngocansi olungalawulwa ubudlelwane (kanye nabalingani) engqondweni, mayelana nokuphenya ngendlala yengculazi. I I-SCS ithi:

"Isilinganiso kufanele sibe [siboniswe?] Ukubikezela izinga lokuziphatha kocansi, izinombolo zocansi abalingani bobulili, ukuziphatha kwezimo ezihlukahlukene zocansi, kanye nemigomo yezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi."

Ngaphezu kwalokho, bahambisa uhlu lwemibuzo ezifundweni zesifazane. Kodwa-ke unjiniyela we-SCS uxwayisa ukuthi leli thuluzi ngeke likhombise i-psychopathology kwabesifazane,

“Izinhlangano phakathi kwamaphuzu okuphoqeleka ngokocansi nezinye izimpawu ze-psychopathology zikhombise amaphethini ahlukile kwabesilisa nabesifazane; ukuphoqelelwa ngokocansi kwakuhlotshaniswa nezinkomba ze-psychopathology emadodeni kodwa hhayi kwabesifazane. "

Kulula, izifundo ze-3 Prause (Steele et al., 2013, Prause et al., 2013, Prause et al., 2015) bonke abathintekayo izifundo ezifanayo - futhi bonke behlulekile ukuhlola ukuthi lezi zihloko ziyimilutha yezocansi noma cha. UPrause uvumile ukuthi eziningi zezihloko bezinenkinga encane yokulawula ukusetshenziswa. Zonke lezi zihloko bekuzodingeka ukuthi ziqinisekiswe ukuthi ziyimilutha yezocansi ukuze zivumele ukuqhathaniswa okusemthethweni neqembu labangewona imilutha yezocansi.

Injongo: Ukufuna ukuhlobana phakathi kwezilinganiso zokufunda ze-EEG nezikolo zabahlanganyeli emibuzweni ehlukahlukene — ngombono wokuthi noma yikuphi ukuhlangana kungakhanyisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okuyizinkinga kocansi kungumsebenzi wokulutha noma i-libido ephezulu kuphela.

wesifundo: Abalobi besimangalo sokutadisha ukuthi bathole ukuhlanganiswa okukodwa okubalulekile kuzo zonke idatha eziqoqwe:

"Ukuhlukana okukhulu kwe-P300 ukulinganisa kumuntu owenza ucansi olujabulisayo, ngokuphathelene nokungahambisani nalokho, kwakungenjalo kabi ehlobene nezindlela zesifiso sobulili, kodwa akuhlobene nokulingana kobulili obufanayo. "

Ukuhumusha: Okungaqondile kusho isifiso esiphansi. Abantu abanokuqaphela okukhulu-ukusebenzisana ne-porn babe nesifiso esincane sokulala nobulili (kepha hhayi isifiso esiphansi sokushaya indlwabu). Ukubeka enye indlela - abantu abanokusebenzisa okuningi kobuchopho kanye nezifiso ze-porn bangathanda ukushaya indlwabu ocansini kunokuya ocansini nomuntu wangempela. Lokhu kutholwa kulandelwa yilesi siphetho:

Isiphetho: Impumelelo yokuqonda ubulili obufanayo isifiso esiphakeme, kunokukhathazeka, kuxoxwa ngakho.

Huh? Kwenzekani kabi (okuphansi) kuguquke kahle (ngaphezulu)? Kungani ukukhishwa okukhulu kwe-porn kuyahambisana ne isifiso esincane ukuba nobulili nomlingani kuholele esiphethweni sokuthi ubulili obufanayo kufanele buqondwe ngokuthi isifiso esiphakeme? Akekho owaziyo, kodwa lokhu kuguqulwa okumangalisayo kwakuyisisekelo sezinhloko eziningi. UNicole Prause usebenze njengomkhulumeli Steele et al., 2013 Kwabezindaba uPrause wethula lezi zimpikiswano ezilandelayo ukuxhasa isimangalo sakhe sokuthi "ukuluthwa yi-porn akukho":

  1. In Izingxoxo ze-TV futhi in the Ukukhishwa kwe-UCLA Umcwaningi uNicole Prause uthi ubuchopho babafundi abuphendulanga njengezinye izilonda.
  2. Izihloko zezindaba nesiphetho socwaningo ziphakamisa ukuthi “ubungqingili” buqondwa njengo “isifiso esiphakeme", Nokho isifundo sibika ukuthi izihloko ezinokusebenza okukhulu kobuchopho ezithombeni zobulili ezingcolile zinakho isifiso esincane ngezocansi.
  3. Steele et al. uveza ukuthi i ukuntuleka kwemibono phakathi kokufundwa kwe-EEG nemibuzo ethile yemibuzo kusho ukuthi ukulutha kabi kocansi akukho.

Ungafunda konke ukuhlaziywa, kepha nayi i-scoop ku-1, 2 no-3 ngenhla.

FUNA INOMBOLO 1: Impendulo yezihloko zezifundo ihlukile kwezinye izinhlobo zemilutha (i-cocaine kwakuyisibonelo).

Iningi le-hype nezihloko zezindaba ezizungeze lolu cwaningo zihlala kulesi simangalo esingasekelwa. Nayi i-hype:

isitatimende sephephandaba:

"Uma ngabe behlushwa ubungqingili, noma ukulutheka ngokocansi, impendulo yabo yobuchopho ezenzweni zobulili ezibonakalayo ingalindeleka ukuthi ibe phezulu, ngendlela efanayo naleyo eboniswe ngayo ubuchopho babantu abayimilutha ye-cocaine ukuthi basabela ezithombeni zalesi sidakamizwa kwezinye izifundo. ”

Ingxoxo ye-TV:

I-Reporter: "Bakhonjiswe izithombe ezahlukahlukene ezivusa inkanuko, kanye nokuqashwa kobuchopho babo."
Ukudumisa: “Uma ucabanga ukuthi izinkinga zocansi zingumlutha, besingalindela ukubona impendulo ezithuthukisiwe, mhlawumbe, kulezo zithombe zocansi. Uma ucabanga ukuthi kuyinkinga yokungafisi, besizolindela ukubona izimpendulo ezinciphile kulezo zithombe zocansi. Futhi ukuthi asibubonanga obunye balobo budlelwane kusikisela ukuthi akukho ukuxhaswa okukhulu ekubhekeni kulezi zinkinga zokuziphatha ngokocansi njengomlutha. ”

Psychology Today interview:

Yayiyini injongo yocwaningo?

Ukudumisa: Ucwaningo lwethu luvivinywe ukuthi ngabe abantu ababika izinkinga ezinjalo bafana nezinye izilonda ezimpendulo zabo zobuchopho ezithombeni zobulili. Ukuhlolwa kwezidakamizwa ezidakamizwa, njenge-cocaine, kubonise indlela ephendulelayo yokuphendula ngobuchopho ezithombeni zezidakamizwa zokuhlukunyezwa, ngakho sabikezela ukuthi kufanele sibone iphethini efanayo kubantu ababika izinkinga ngocansi uma eqinisweni, umlutha.

Ingabe lokhu kubonisa ukuthi umlutha wezocansi kuyindabakwane?

Ukudumisa: Uma isifundo sethu siphendulwa, lezi zithole zingabhekisela enselele enkulu emibhalweni ekhona yezocansi "umlutha". Isizathu sokuthi lokhu okutholakele kube yinselele ukuthi kubonisa ukuthi ubuchopho babo abuphendulanga emifanekisweni efana nezinye izilonda ezidakamizwa zabo zokulutha.

Lokhu okungenhla kubanga ukuthi “ubuchopho abuphendulanga njengamanye amlutha”Ayisekelwa. Lokhu okushiwo akunakutholakala ekutadisheni kwangempela. Kutholakala kuphela ezingxoxweni zikaPrause. Kulezi zifundo zinezifundo eziphakeme ze-EEG (P300) lapho kubukwa izithombe zocansi - okuyikho kanye okwenzekayo lapho imilutha ibuka izithombe ezihlobene nokulutha kwazo (njengakwi lolu cwaningo ku-cocaine umlutha). Ukuphawula ngaphansi kwe Psychology Today interview of Prause, kusho uprofesa ophezulu wezepolitiki uJohn A. Johnson:

"Umqondo wami usathukile kumaPrause athi ubuchopho babafundi bakhe abuzange baphendule ezithombeni zocansi njengobuchopho bemilutha yezidakamizwa baphendula isidakamizwa sabo, inqobo yokuthi ubika ukufundwa okuphezulu kweP300 kwezithombe zocansi. Njengomilutha okhombisa izikhala ze-P300 uma wethulwa ngomuthi wawo wokuzikhethela. Angasithola kanjani isiphetho esiphambene nemiphumela yangempela? Ngicabanga ukuthi kungenzeka kungenxa yokuqonda kwakhe lokho abebekulindele. ”

UJohn A. Johnson uyaqhubeka:

I-Mustanski iyabuza, "Iyini injongo yocwaningo?" Futhi uPrause uyaphendula, "Ucwaningo lwethu luvivinywe ukuthi ngabe abantu ababika izinkinga ezinjalo [izinkinga zokulawula ukubuka kwabo kwe-eerotic online] kubonakala sengathi bangamanye amilutha ezimpendulo zabo zobuchopho ezithombeni zobulili."

Kodwa isifundo asizange siqhathanise ukuqoshwa kobuchopho kubantu abanenkinga eqondisa ukubuka kwabo kwe-eerotic inthanethi ekuqopheni kobuchopho ezilutha izidakamizwa kanye nokuqoshwa kobuchopho kusuka eqenjini lokulawulwa elingelona umlutha, okungaba yindlela ecacile yokubona ukuthi ubuchopho buphendula kanjani kulabo abakhathazekile iqembu libukeka njengezimpendulo zobuchopho zezidakamizwa noma ezingekho izilingo.

Esikhundleni salokho, u-Prause uthi ukuklanywa ngaphakathi kwesifundo kwakuyindlela engcono, lapho izifundo zocwaningo zikhonza njengeqembu labo lokulawula. Ngalesi sakhiwo, bathole ukuthi impendulo ye-EEG yezihloko zabo (njengeqembu) ezithombeni ezithandayo zomelele kunezimpendulo zabo ze-EEG kwezinye izinhlobo zezithombe. Lokhu kuboniswa kwisigcawu se-waveform se-inline (nakuba ngesinye isizathu igrafu ihluke kakhulu kusuka kugrafu langempela esihlokweni esishicilelwe).

Ngakho leli qembu elibika ukuthi kunenkathazo elawula ukubuka kwabo kwe-eerotic e-intanethi kunempendulo e-EEG enamandla kunezithombe ezibucayi kunezinye izinhlobo zezithombe. Ingabe imilutha ikhombisa impendulo eqinile efanayo ye-EEG lapho yethulwa ngomuthi wawo wokuzikhethela? Asazi. Ngabe okwejwayelekile, okungewona umlutha kukhombisa impendulo enamandla njengeqembu elinenkathazo ku-erotica? Futhi, asazi. Asazi ukuthi leli phethini le-EEG lifana kakhulu namaphethini obuchopho bemilutha noma abayimilutha.

Iqembu lokucwaninga le-Prause lithi liyakwazi ukukhombisa ukuthi impendulo ephakeme ye-EEG yezifundo zabo kwi-erotica iyimpendulo yokusebenzisa ubuchopho noma impendulo nje yobuchopho be-high-libido ngokuxhumanisa isethi yamaphuzu emibuzo ngokuhlukahluka kwempendulo ye-EEG. Kodwa ukuchaza umehluko kwimpendulo ye-EEG kungumbuzo ohlukile kusuka ekuhloleni ukuthi impendulo yeqembu lilonke ibukeka iyimilutha yini noma cha.

Ikhasi elinengxabano phakathi kukaNicole Prause (njengoba engaziwa) noJohn A. Johnson: UJohn A. Johnson ku-Steele et al., 2013 (noJohnson baphikisana noNicole Prause esigabeni sokuphawula ngaphansi kwesihloko sakhe mayelana noSteele et al.).

Okulula: Izimangalo zokuthi ubuchopho bezifundo zihlukile kwezinye izinhlobo zemilutha akunakho ukwesekwa. Eqinisweni, unyaka we-2014 Ucwaningo lweCambridge University (Voon et al., I-2014) ihlaziywe Steele et al. futhi wavumelana noJohnson: uSteele et al. kubike i-P300 ephakeme ekuphenduleni izithombe zobulili ezihlobene nezithombe ezingathathi hlangothi (citation 25). Kusukela ekucwaningweni kweCambridge:

“Okutholakele kwethu kuveza ukuthi umsebenzi we-DACC ukhombisa indima yesifiso sobulili, engahle ifane nokucwaninga kwe-P300 ezifundweni ze-CSB ezihambisana nesifiso [25] …… Ucwaningo lwe-P300, amandla ahlobene nomcimbi asetshenziselwe ukutadisha ukunaka ezinkingeni zokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, akhombisa izindlela eziphakeme maqondana nokusetshenziswa kwe-nicotine [54], utshwala [55], nama-opiates [56], nezinyathelo ezivame ukuhambisana izinkanuko zokulangazelela. ”… ..Ngakho-ke, kokubili umsebenzi we-DACC ocwaningweni lwamanje we-CSB nomsebenzi we-P300 obikiwe esifundweni sangaphambilini se-CSB angabonisa izinqubo ezifanayo ezifanayo. "

Lokhu 2015 ubuyekeze izincwadi ze-neuroscience kufingqiwe Steele et al.:

“Ngakho-ke ngenkathi laba balobi [303] bathi isifundo sabo siphikisile ukusetshenziswa kwesimo sokulutha ku-CSB, Voon et al. kuphakamisa ukuthi laba balobi banikeze ubufakazi obusekela leyo ndlela. ”

FUNA INOMBOLO 2: Izihloko neziphetho zesifundo ziphakamisa ukuthi “ubungqingili” buqondwa njengo “isifiso esiphakeme", Nokho isifundo sibika ukuthi izihloko ezinokusebenza okukhulu kobuchopho ezithombeni zobulili ezingcolile zinakho isifiso esincane ngezocansi.

Ongakufundanga kuzingxoxo nakwizindatshana ukuthi isifundo sibike ukuthi ukuhlanganisa omubi phakathi "kwemibuzo ehlukanisiwe yesifiso sobulili" nokufundwa kwe-P300. Ngamanye amagama, ukwenziwa kobuchopho okukhulu kuhambisane ne- isifiso esincane ngocansi (kodwa hhayi isifiso esincane sokushaya indlwabu ku-porn). Qaphela amagama kaPrause kule ngxoxo:

Iyini ukutholwa okuyinhloko esifundweni sakho?

“Sithole ukuthi ukusabela kobuchopho ezithombeni zocansi akubikezelwanga noma yiziphi izindlela ezintathu zemibuzo ehlukene zobungqingili. Impendulo yobuchopho yabikezelwa kuphela ngesilinganiso sesifiso sobulili. Ngamanye amagama, ubulili obufanayo abubonakali buchaza ukwehluka kobuchopho ekuphenduleni ngokobulili ngaphandle nje kokuba ne-libido ephezulu. ”

Qaphela ukuthi uPrause uthe nguisilinganiso”Yesifiso sobulili, hhayi“ yi enitre Ukuqoqwa Kwesifiso Sezocansi ”. Lapho kubalwa yonke imibuzo eyi-14 kwakungekho ukuhlangana, futhi kwakungekho sihloko. Okudida kakhulu isihloko sokucwaninga esisetshenzisiwe “Isifiso sobulili”, kunalokho okutholwe empeleni: “ukulungiswa okungalungile nemibuzo ekhethiwe mayelana nobulili obuhlanganisiwe kusuka ku-SDI" kodwa akukho ukulungiswa lapho yonke imibuzo ye-SDI ibalwa".

Nakhu Ukuphawula kukaJohn A. Johnson PhD ngaphansi kwengxoxo ye Prause:

“Iqembu lePrause labika ukuthi okuwukuphela kokuhlangana okuphawulekayo ngokwezibalo nempendulo ye-EEG kwaba ukuhlangana okungahambi kahle (r = -. 33) nesifiso sokuya ocansini nomlingani wakho. Ngamanye amazwi, kwakukhona ukuthambekela okuncane kwezifundo ezinezimpendulo eziqinile ze-EEG ekwenzeni i-erotica ukuba nesifiso esiphansi socansi nomlingani. Lokho kusho kanjani ukuthi izimpendulo zobuchopho zabantu abanenkinga yokulawula ukubuka kwabo i-eerotica ziyefana nezidakamizwa noma ezingewona imilutha ezine-libido ephezulu? ”

Ngemva kwenyanga uJohn A. Johnson PhD washicilela a I-Psychology Namuhla okuthunyelwe kwebhulogi mayelana nesifundo se-EEG sikaPrause nokuthi yini ayibona njengokucwasa ezinhlangothini zombili zodaba. UNicole Prause (ongaziwa) uphawule ngaphansi kokuthatha uJohnson enze umsebenzi wokuxhumanisa nalokhu kuhlaziywa kweYBOP. UJohnson uphendule wathi amazwana alandelayo okwakuphi ukuPhumela okungazange kube khona impendulo:

Uma iphuzu locwaningo bekungukukhombisa ukuthi “bonke abantu” (hhayi nje abasolwa ngokuba imilutha yezocansi) babonisa ukuphakama e-P300 amplitude lapho bebuka izithombe zocansi, uqinisile – angilitholi iphuzu, ngoba isifundo besisebenzisa kuphela okusolakala ukuthi ucansi imilutha. Uma ucwaningo * belusebenzise iqembu lokuqhathanisa elingelona umlutha futhi lathola ukuthi baphinde babonisa i-P300 spike, khona-ke abacwaningi bebengaba necala ngesimangalo sabo sokuthi ubuchopho balabo okuthiwa yimilutha yezocansi benza okufanayo nabangewona imilutha , ngakho-ke mhlawumbe awukho umehluko phakathi kwezinsolo eziyimilutha nabangewona imilutha. Esikhundleni salokho, ucwaningo lukhombise ukuthi imilutha ezichaze ngokwayo ikhombise i-P300 spike ekuphenduleni "into" yabo yokulutha (izithombe zocansi) abazichazayo, njengemilutha ye-cocaine ekhombisa i-P300 spike lapho ihanjiswa nge-cocaine, izidakwa zikhombisa i-P300 spike lapho eyethulwe ngotshwala, njll.

Ngokuqondene nokuthi yikuphi ukuhlobana phakathi kwe-P300 amplitude nezinye izikolo ezibonisa, okuwukuphela kokuhlobana okuphawulekayo kwaba ukuhlangana * okungekuhle * nesifiso sobulili nomlingani wakho. Ngamanye amagama, lapho impendulo yobuchopho iqina emfanekisweni wezocansi, * kancane * isifiso somuntu sokuya ocansini nomuntu wangempela. Lokhu kuzwakala kimi kufana nephrofayili yomuntu othembeke kakhulu ezithombeni onenkinga yokuxhumana ngokocansi nabantu empilweni yangempela. Ngingasho ukuthi lo muntu unenkinga. Ukuthi sifuna ukubiza le nkinga ngokuthi "umlutha" kusengaphikiswana ngakho. Kepha angiboni ukuthi lokhu kutholakala kukhombisa kanjani ukungabi khona komlutha kulesi sampula.

Okulula: Akukho ukulungiswa okukhona phakathi kokufundwa kwe-EEG kanye nemibuzo ye-14-yesifiso sobulili. Sala kahle isihloko sokufunda kanye nezihloko zezindaba. Noma ngabe ukuhlangana okuhle bekukhona, isimangalo sokuthi "isifiso esiphakeme" sisondelene ngokuphelele kusuka "ekuluthweni" siyimbumbulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufundwa kwe-P300 kwaba kabi ihlanganiswe (r = -. 33) ngesifiso sobulili nomlingani. Kalula nje - izihloko ezazinamathekisthi amakhulu-okusetshenziselwa ukubuka izithombe ze-porn Ngaphansi isifiso sobulili nomuntu wangempela.

FUNA INOMBOLO 3: Ukulutha kabi kocansi akutholakali ngenxa yokuntuleka kokuhlangana phakathi kwezifundo ze-EEG nezihloko zezifundo ku-Sculsivity Scale Scale.

The ukuntuleka kwemibono phakathi kwe-EEG nemibuzo ichazwa kalula yizici eziningi:

1) Izihloko ziyikho amadoda nabesifazane, kuhlanganise ne-7 abangewona abesilisa nabesifazane, kodwa bonke baboniswa ngokujwayelekile, mhlawumbe okungabonakali, izithombe zesilisa + zesifazane. Lokhu kuphela ukuphulukisa noma yikuphi okutholakele. Kungani?

  • Ukutadisha ngemva kokutadisha kuqinisekisa ukuthi amadoda nabesifazane baye bahluke kakhulu ekuphenduleni ubuchopho emifanekisweni yezocansi noma kumafilimu.
  • Izifundo zobuchopho zokulutha ezivumelekile zibandakanya izihloko ezifanayo: ubulili obufanayo, ubulili obufanayo, kanye neminyaka efanayo nama-IQ.
  • Abacwaningi bangababeka kanjani izizathu okungezona abesilisa abathandana nobulili obufanayo lapho bezama izithombe ezingcolile zobulili obuhlukile kuphela - bese befinyelela eziphethweni eziningi ngokushoda kokubikezela (okungabikezelwa)?

2) Izihloko azizange zihlolwe ngaphambilini. Ukulutha okulindelekile kobuchopho buhlolisisa abantu ababukeziwe ngezimo zangaphambili (ukucindezeleka, i-OCD, nezinye izidakamizwa, njll). Bona i Ucwaningo lweCambridge ngokwesibonelo sokuhlola okufanele nendlela yokwenza.

3) Izihloko zathola amazinga ahlukahlukene wokusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, kusukela ezinzima kuya ezincane. Ukucaphuna okuvela ku-Prause:

"Lolu cwaningo lubandakanya kuphela abantu ababika izinkinga, kusuka ezinkingeni ezincane kakhulu kuya ezinkingeni ezinkulu, ukulawula ukubukwa kwabo kwezinhloso zobulili ezibukwayo."

Lokhu kukodwa kungachaza imiphumela ehlukahlukene engahambelani ngendlela ebikezelayo. Izifundo zobuchopho zokulutha okuvumelekile ziqhathanisa iqembu lemilutha nabangewona imilutha. Lesi sifundo sasingenakho.

4) I-SCS (Isikali Sokuphoqeleka Ngokobulili) akusona isivivinyo sokuhlola esivumelekile se-Internet-umlutha wezocansi noma wabesifazane. Yadalwa ngo-1995 futhi yaklanywa ngocansi olungalawulwa ubudlelwane engqondweni (mayelana nokuphenya ngendlala yengculaza). I I-SCS ithi:

"Isilinganiso kufanele sibe [siboniswe?] Ukubikezela izinga lokuziphatha kocansi, izinombolo zocansi abalingani bobulili, ukuziphatha kwezimo ezihlukahlukene zocansi, kanye nemigomo yezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi."

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthuthukisi we-SCS uxwayisa ukuthi leli thuluzi ngeke libonise i-psychopathology kwabesifazane,

"Izinhlangano phakathi kwamanxeba okuphoqeleka ngokobulili kanye nezinye izimpawu ze-psychopathology zabonisa amaphethini ahlukene amadoda nabesifazane; ukuphoqeleka ngokobulili kwahlanganiswa nezinkomba ze-psychopathology kumadoda kodwa hhayi kwabesifazane. "

Njengesi-SCS, uhlu lwemibuzo lwesibili (i-CBSOB) ayinayo imibuzo mayelana nokusetshenziswa kocansi kwe-Intanethi. Yenzelwe ukubhekela izihloko "ze-hypersexual", nokuziphatha okungalawuleki ngokocansi.

Okulula: Umlutha osebenzayo "wokufundwa kobuchopho" kumele: 1) ube nezihloko ezifanayo nezilawuli, 2) isikrini sokunye ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo nokulutha, i-3) usebenzise imibuzo yemibuzo nezingxoxo eziqinisekisiwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lezi zihloko ziyimilutha empeleni. Lolu cwaningo lwe-EEG kubasebenzisi be-porn aluzange lwenze lokhu. Lokhu kukodwa kwehlisa imiphumela yocwaningo.

Ukuhlaziywa Steele et al. kusuka kulokhu kubuyekezwa kontanga kwezincwadi - I-neuroscience ye-Inthanethi ye-Pornography Umlutha: Ukubuyekezwa nokubuyekeza (2015)

Ucwaningo lwe-EEG kulabo abakhononda ngezinkinga eziqondisa ukubuka kwabo kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi kubike ukubuyiswa kwe-neural kwisenzo socansi [303]. Ucwaningo lwenzelwe ukuhlola ubuhlobo phakathi kwe-ERP amplitudes uma ubuka izithombe ezingokomzwelo nezomzimba kanye nezinyathelo zombuzo wobulili obucansi kanye nesifiso socansi. Abalobi baphetha ngokuthi ukungabikho kwemibono phakathi kwezibalo eziphathelene nemibuzo ye-hypersexual futhi kusho ama-amplitudes e-P300 uma ubuka izithombe zobulili "ukwehluleka ukuhlinzeka ngokusekelwa kwama-hypersexual pathological"303] (iphe. 10). Kodwa-ke, ukungabi khona kwemibono kungachazwa kangcono yiziphambeko eziphikisanayo endleleni. Isibonelo, lolu cwaningo lusetshenziselwa izidakamizwa eziphathekayo (abesilisa nabesifazane, kuhlanganise no-7 abangewona abesilisa nabesifazane). Ucwaningo lwe-Cue-reactivity ngokuqhathanisa ukuphendula komqondo kwezidakamizwa ekulawuleni okunempilo kudinga izifundo ezizimele (ubulili obufanayo, ubudala obufanayo) ukuze kube nemiphumela evumelekile. Ngokucacile ekufundiseni izidakamizwa ze-porn, kusungulwe kahle ukuthi abesilisa nabesifazane bahluke ngokujulile ebuchosheni nasezimpindeni ezizimele ezifanisayo zobulili ezibukwayo [304,305,306]. Ukwengeza, imibuzo emibili yokuhlola ayiqinisekisiwe kubasebenzisi abasebenzisa i-IP abanomlutha, futhi izihloko azange zihlolwe ezinye izibonakaliso zokudakwa noma ukukhathazeka kwemizwa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isiphetho esichazwe ku-abstract, "Impikiswano yokuqonda ubulili obufanayo njengesifiso esikhulu, kunokukhathazeka, kucatshangelwa" [303] (i-1) kubonakala kungekho lapho kucatshangelwa ukuthi isifundo sithola ukuthi ukuphakama kwe-P300 kwakungavumelani kabi nesifiso sobulili nomlingani. Njengoba kuchaziwe ku-Hilton (2014), lokhu okuthola "ngokuphambene ngokuqondile nokuchazwa kwe-P300 njengesifiso esiphakeme" [307]. Ukuhlaziywa kukaHilton kuphakamisa ngokuqhubekayo ukuthi ukungabikho kweqembu lokulawula kanye nokuhluleka kobuchwepheshe be-EEG ukubandlulula phakathi "nesifiso sobulili obuphezulu" nokuthi "ukucindezelwa ngokocansi" kuhlinzeka Steele et al. okutholakele okungenakuqondakala [307].

Okokugcina, ukutholakala okuphawulekayo kwephepha (ukuphakama okuphezulu kwe-P300 ezithombeni zobulili, ngokuphathelene nezithombe ezingathathi hlangothi) kunikezwa ukunakwa okuncane engxenyeni yengxoxo. Lokhu kungalindelekile, njengoba ukutholakala okuvamile ngezidakamizwa nezidakamizwa ze-intanethi ukuphakama kwe-P300 okuhlobene nokungahambisani nokungathathi hlangothi lapho kuvezwa emibonweni ebonakalayo ehambisana nokulutha kwayo [308]. Eqinisweni, Voon, et al. [262] banikeze ingxenye yengxoxo yabo ehlaziya lokhu okutholwe ukufundwa kwe-P300. Voon et al. uma kunikezwa incazelo yokubaluleka kwe-P300 enganikezwa ephepheni le-Steele, ikakhulukazi ngokuqondene namamodeli wokulutha, okuphetha,

Ngakho-ke, kokubili umsebenzi we-DACC ocwaningweni lwe-CSB wamanje nomsebenzi we-P300 abike kusifundo se-CSB sangaphambilini [303] kungabonisa izinqubo ezifanayo zokubamba iqhaza. Ngokufanayo, kokubili izifundo zibonisa ukuhlangana phakathi kwalezi zinyathelo ngesifiso esithuthukisiwe. Lapha siphakamisa ukuthi umsebenzi we-DACC uhambelana nesifiso, okungase kubonise inkomba yokulangazelela, kodwa akuhambisani nokuthanda okusikisela ekutheni umthamo wokulutha umfutho we-incentive-salience. [262] (iphe. 7)

Ngakho ngenkathi laba balobi [303] bathi ukutadisha kwabo kuphikisana nokusetshenziswa kwesimiso sokulutha kwezidakamizwa ku-CSB, Voon et al. kwafakazela ukuthi laba abalobi banikeze ubufakazi obusekela lo mfanekiso.

I-VERSION LONGA

Imiphumela Isho Into Eyodwa, Ngenkathi Iziphetho Zesifundo Nababhali Kusho Okuphikisayo

Isihloko socwaningo, kanye nezihloko eziningi, zisho ukuthi ukuxhumana (ubudlelwano) kwatholakala phakathi "kwesifiso sobulili" njengoba kulinganiswe Ukuzibandakanya kobulili kanye nokufunda kwe-EEG. Ngokusho konke esingakuthola, i-SDI yile Isivivinyo sombuzo we-14. Imibuzo eyisishiyagalolunye yemibuzo yayo ikhuluma ngesifiso sobulili esihlukanisiwe ("dyadic") kanye nekheli elilodwa lesifiso socansi ("wedwa"). Ukucaciselwa nje, isifundo kubi ukulungiswa kwatholakala nge-only ihlukaniswe imibuzo yezocansi evela kwi-SDI. Kwakungekho ukuhlanganiswa okuphawulekayo phakathi kokufundwa kwe-P300 futhi konke imibuzo eku-SDI. Imiphumela yocwaningo ithathwe kokungabonakali:

 IZIPHUMA: “Ukwehluka okukhulu kwe-P300 amplitude kuya ezintweni ezinhle zobulili, ezihlobene nezimo ezingathathi hlangothi, kwakuhlobene nezezinyathelo zesifiso sobulili, kodwa akuhlobene nokulingana kobulili obufanayo. "

Ukuhumusha: Izihloko ezinokuqanjwa okukhulu kwe-porn (ama-EEG aphezulu) zithole ezansi esifisweni sabo sobulili nomlingani (kepha hhayi isifiso sabo sokushaya indlwabu). Ukubeka ngenye indlela, ukucubungula okukhulu okuhlobene nayo isifiso esincane sokulala ocansini (nokho isifiso sokushaya indlwabu ku-porn). Noma kunjalo umusho olandelayo uguqukela isifiso esiphansi socansi nomlingani high isifiso sobulili:

ISIPHETHO: Impumelelo ukuqonda u-hypersexuality njengesifiso esikhulu, kunokukhathazeka, kuxoxwa ngakho.

Ingabe uSteele et al manje bathi bayatholile ngempela isifiso sobulili esiphakeme ihambisana ne ukufunda okuphakeme kwe-P300? Lokho akwenzekanga, njengoba uJohn Johnson PhD echaze lokhu kubhekwa okubukezwa kontanga:

'Ukutholwa okukodwa okuphawulekayo akusho lutho ngomlutha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu okutholakele okuphawulekayo yi ukungahambisani kahle phakathi kwe-P300 nesifiso sobulili nomlingani (r = -0.33), ekhombisa ukuthi ukuphakama kwe-P300 kuhlobene nesifiso sobulili esincane; lokhu ngokuphikisana ngqo nokuchazwa kwe-P300 njengesifiso esiphakeme. Akunakuqhathaniswa namanye amaqembu okulutha. Akukho ukuqhathaniswa nokulawula amaqembu. Iziphetho ezithathwe abacwaningi yi-quummage ephuma emininingwaneni, engasho lutho ngokuthi abantu ababika inkathazo eqondisa ukubuka kwabo kwezithombe zobulili noma abanakho ukuphendula ngobuchopho obufana ne-cocaine noma ezinye izinhlobo zokulutha izidakamizwa,

Kungani uJohn Johnson kufanele akhumbuze ababhali kanye nawo wonke umuntu, ukuthi u-Steel et al. empeleni ithole "isifiso esiphansi socansi nomlingani", kunokuba "isifiso sobulili esiphakeme"? Ngoba iningi likaSteele et al. futhi i-blitz yabezindaba isho ukuthi ukucubungula-ukuphinda usebenzise izithombe ezingcolile ezihambisana nesifiso sobulili esiphakeme. Isiphetho esithathwe kokungabonakali:

Isiphetho: Impumelelo ukuqonda ubulili obufana nesifiso esikhulu, kunokuxoxwa, kuxoxwa ngakho.

Manje? Kodwa ukutadisha kubike ukuthi izihloko nge-cue-reactivity enkulu isifiso esiphansi socansi nomlingani.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibinzana elithi “isifiso sobulili” liphindaphindwa amahlandla angama-63 ocwaningweni, kanti isihloko sesihloko socwaningo (Isifiso Sobulili, Hhayi Ubungqingili….) Sisho ukuthi ukuvuselelwa kobuchopho okuphezulu ukuze kukhonjwe kwakuhlotshaniswa nesifiso sobulili esiphakeme. Funda isifundo ngokugcwele isiphetho futhi nawe ungase ucabange ukuthi abalobi bathole ukuphakama kunokuba banciphise isifiso sobulili:

Ekuphetheni, izinyathelo zokuqala ze-neural reactivity ezithombeni ezibonakalayo zobulili nezingazocansi ezinkingeni zokubika zesampula ezilawula ukubuka kwabo okufanayo okuhlulekayo ukuhluleka ukuhlinzeka ukwesekwa kwamakhompiyutha okuxilonga ngokocansi, njengoba kulinganiswa nemibuzo. Ngokucacile, umehluko efasiteleni le-P300 phakathi kwezinto eziphathelene nobulili nokungathathi hlangothi okubikezelwe yisifiso socansi, kodwa hhayi nganoma iyiphi (yesithathu) izinyathelo zokuziphatha kocansi. Uma isifiso socansi iningi libikezela ngokuqinile izimpendulo ze-neural ezenzweni zobulili, ukuphathwa kwesifiso socansi, ngaphandle kokubhekana nezinye iziphakamiso ezihlongozwayo zocansi, kungase kube indlela ephumelelayo ukunciphisa imizwa yocansi ocindezelayo noma ukuziphatha.

Akukho ndawo esiyibonayo aphansi isifiso sobulili. Esikhundleni salokho sinikezwa - “kubikezelwe isifiso sobulili ” futhi "Ukuphathwa kwesifiso sobulili" futhi “Ukunciphisa imizwa yezocansi ecindezelayo noma isimilo.” Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi ukucwaninga kwabafundi ekukholweni ukuphuza ubulili be-porn kwakuyi-libido ephezulu kuphela, i-Prause yaqinisa le meme ezingxoxweni zakhe: (phawula amagama)

Iyini ukutholwa okuyinhloko esifundweni sakho?

“Sithole ukuthi ukusabela kobuchopho ezithombeni zocansi akubikezelwanga noma yiziphi izindlela ezintathu zemibuzo ehlukene zobungqingili. Impendulo yobuchopho yabikezelwa kuphela ngesilinganiso sesifiso sobulili. Ngamanye amazwi, ukucwasana ngokobulili akubonakali ukuchaza umehluko wobuchopho ekuphenduleni kocansi okungaphezu nje kokuba ne-libido ephezulu."

Udumo luthi "isilinganiso”Yesifiso sobulili, hhayi“ ngayo yonke iqoqo lezinkanuko zocansi ”. Lapho kubalwa yonke imibuzo eyi-14 bekungekho ukuhlangana, futhi akukho sihloko ebesibheke phansi. Ukudumisa kwenza isimangalo esifanayo kuye Ukukhishwa kwe-UCLA:

"Impendulo yobuchopho ezithombeni zocansi ayizange ibikezelwe nganoma yiziphi kulezi zinyathelo ezintathu zemibuzo mayelana nocansi," kusho yena. "Impendulo yobuchopho yayihlobene kuphela nesilinganiso sesifiso sobulili. Ngamanye amazwi, ubulili obufanayo abubonakali ukuchaza izimpendulo zobuchopho ezithombeni zobulili ngaphandle nje kokuba ne-libido ephezulu."

Kuzo zombili izingxoxo kuphakanyiswa ukuthi ukufundwa okuphezulu kwe-P300 kwakuhlobene "ne-libido ephezulu". Wonke umuntu kwabezindaba uyithengile. Uma ucabanga ngokutholakele, uSteele et al. bekufanele abizwe - “ukulungiswa okungalungile nemibuzo mayelana nobulili obuhlanganisiwe, kodwa akukho ukulungiswa lapho yonke imibuzo ye-SDI ibalwa".

Okulula: Ukufundwa kwe-Cue-reactivity (ukufundwa kwe-P300) kwaba kabi ihlanganiswe (r = -. 33) ngesifiso sobulili nomlingani. Kulula: isifiso esingaphansi kobulili obukhulu kakhulu-ukusebenzisana kwe-porn. Sekukonke, akukho kuhlobana okukhona phakathi kokufundwa kwe-EEG nayo yonke i-14-imibuzo yesifiso sobulili. Noma ngabe ukuhlangana okuhle bekukhona, isimangalo sokuthi "isifiso esiphakeme" sisondelene ngokuphelele kusuka "ekuluthweni" siyimbumbulu.

Okokugcina, kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi isifundo siqukethe amaphutha amabili maqondana ne-SDI. Ukucaphuna isifundo:

"Izinga lezilinganiso ze-SDI zesifiso socansi besebenzisa izilinganiso ezimbili eyakhiwe izinto eziyisikhombisa ngalunye."

Eqinisweni, i Ukuzibandakanya kobulili iqukethe imibuzo eyisishiyagalolunye ehlanganisiwe, umbuzo omane owodwas, futhi umbuzo OWODWA okungenakuhlukaniswa (#14).

Iphutha lesibini: Ithebula 2 lithi ibanga lesilinganiso sokuhlolwa kwabantu bodwa lingu- “3-26,” kepha nokho okushiwo ngabesifazane kuyalidlula. Kususwe ku-26.46 – ngokoqobo kumashadi. Kwenzenjani? Imibuzo emine yocansi eyedwa (10-13) ifaka kumaphuzu athi “31”.

I-blitz yezindaba ezithandekayo, eyaphumelela ngalolu cwaningo, isekela izinhloko zokubamba iqhaza emiphumeleni ye-SDI eyingxenye. Noma kunjalo, ukubhala okubhalwe phansi kuqukethe amaphutha amasha mayelana ne-SDI ngokwayo, engenzi ukuzethemba kwabacwaningi.

Isifiso Esiphezulu Sivumelwane Ngokungafani Naso Isidakamizwa?

Nakuba uSteele et al. empeleni kubikwe Ngaphansi isifiso sobulili obuhlukanisiwe esihambisana nokubona-ukwenza kabusha, kubalulekile ukubhekana nesimangalo esingakholeki sokuthi "isifiso sobulili esiphakeme" sisondelene ngokuphelele nokulutha kocansi. Ukungabi nangqondo kwayo kuyacaca uma umuntu ecabanga izinto zokucabanga ezisuselwa kwezinye izidakamizwa. (Ukuthola okuningi bheka lokhu kuhlaziywa kukaSteele et al. - Isifiso esiphakeme ', noma' nje 'umlutha? Impendulo kuSteele et al., NguDonald L. Hilton, Jr., MD *.)

Isibonelo, ingabe lo logic lisho ukuthi ukuphefumula ngokweqile, ukuhluleka ukulawula ukudla, futhi ukungajabuli kakhulu ngakho, kuyinto nje "isifiso esiphakeme sokudla?" Ukwengeza okunye, umuntu kufanele agcine ngokuthi abadakayo banesifiso esikhulu sokuphuza utshwala, kwesokudla? Ngamafuphi, wonke umlutha "unesifiso esikhulu" sezinto eziluthayo nemisebenzi (ebizwa ngokuthi "ukuzwela"), ngisho nalapho ukujabulela kwabo imisebenzi enqamuka ngenxa yeminye inguquko ebuchosheni obuhlobene nokulutha (ukungafuneki).

Ochwepheshe abaningi abanomlutha bacabanga ukuthi "ukuqhubeka kusetshenziswe naphezu kwemiphumela emibi" yokuba umlutha wokulutha umlutha. Phela, omunye umuntu angaba ne-erectile ukungasebenzi komzimba futhi angakwazi ukuhamba ngaphesheya kwikhompyutha yakhe engaphansi komama wakhe. Nokho, ngokusho kwalaba cwaningi, uma nje ebonisa "isifiso sobulili esiphakeme," akanalo umlutha. Le paradigm iyinaki yonke into eyaziwayo mayelana nokulutha, okufaka izimpawu nokuziphatha okwabiwe yizo zonke izilonda, njengemiphumela emibi kakhulu, ukungakwazi ukulawula ukusetshenziswa, izifiso, njll.

Ngabe lolu cwaningo luyingxenye yokuqubuka kwezifundo okususelwa kumqondo oyingqayizivele wokuthi noma yisiphi isilinganiso "sesifiso esiphakeme," noma singabazeka kanjani, sinikeza amasosha omzimba ukulutha? Isazi sezocansi saseCanada sizame ukudweba lesi sithombe ephepheni lika-2010 elinesihloko esithi, Ukwehlukaniswa ngokocansi kanye nesifiso esiphakeme socansi: ukwakha okuhlukile? Eqaphela ukuthi abantu abafuna ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa zokuziphatha ngokocansi babika kokubili ngokocansi okuhlukumezekile nesifiso esikhulu, waphetha ngesibindi:

"Imiphumela yalolu cwaningo iphakamisa ukuthi ubulili obungalawulwa kahle, njengoba kubekiwe njengamanje, kufakwa ilebula, futhi kukalwa, kungavele kube uphawu lwesifiso sobulili esiphakeme kanye nosizi oluhambisana nokuphatha izinga eliphakeme lemicabango yezocansi, imizwa nezidingo."

Futhi, ukulutha kokuziphatha ngokocansi kukhiqiza izifiso ezivame ukuvela “njengezinga eliphakeme lemicabango, imizwa, nezidingo.” Ukucabanga nje ukufisa ukusikisela ukuthi “isifiso sobulili esiphakeme” kuqeda ubukhona bokulutha. Ngezansi kunezifundo eziphikisa ngqo imodeli "yokulutha kocansi iyisifiso esiphakeme impela":

Ukulutha kocansi lwe-Cyber: Ukuvuswa kobulili okuhlangenwe nakho lapho ubukela izithombe zobulili ezingcolile futhi hhayi ngokoqobo-oxhumana nabo ngokocansi benza umehluko (2013)

Quote: "Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwaboniswa ukuthi abasebenzisi be-inthanethi abanenkinga yokubika i-inthanethi babika ukuvusa inkanuko enkulu yezocansi nokulangazelela ukusabela okubangelwe ukwethulwa kwezithombe zocansi. Kuzo zombili lezi zifundo, inani kanye nekhwalithi enabantu abathandana nabo ngokoqobo bezocansi bezingahlangene nokulutha ngocansi kwe-inthanethi. ”

Ukwakhiwa kobuchopho nokuxhumana okusebenzayo Okuhlangene Nezingcolile Ukusetshenziswa: I-Brain on Porn (2014).

Lolu cwaningo lwe-fMRI lithole ukuthi amahora aphezulu ngeviki / ngaphezulu kweminyaka yokubuka izithombe ezingcolile zihambisana nokusebenza okuncane kobuchopho uma kuvezwe ezithombeni ze-porno ye-vanilla. Abacwaningi bathi:

“Lokhu kuhambisana nomcabango wokuthi ukuvezwa okukhulu kwezimo zocansi kuholela ekwehlisweni komthetho kwempendulo engokwemvelo yezenzo zocansi.. "

UKühn noGallinat babike nokusetshenziswa kocansi okuningi okuhambisana nomvuzo omncane wesifunda ompunga kanye nokuphazamiseka kwamasekethe abandakanyeka ekulawuleni umfutho. Ku- lesi sihloko umcwaningi uSimone Kühn, wathi:

"Lokhu kungase kusho ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okungcolile kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kungagqila uhlelo lwakho lomvuzo."

U-Kühn uthi izincwadi ezikhona zengqondo, izincwadi zesayensi eziphakamisa abathengi be-porn zizofuna izinto nge-novel kanye nemidlalo yokudlwengula ngokweqile.

"Lokho kungafanelana ngokuphelele ne-hypothesis ukuthi izinhlelo zabo zomvuzo zidinga ukukhuthazwa okukhulayo."

Ngokumane nje, amadoda abasebenzisa izithombe ezingcolile angadinga ukugqugquzelwa okukhulu kwezinga lokuphendula elibonwa kumthengi abambalwa, futhi izithombe ze-porn ye-vanilla azikwazi ukubhalisa njengento yonke ethakazelisayo. Intshisekelo encane, ilinganisa nokucatshangelwa okuncane, nokufunda okuphansi kwe-EEG. Ukuphela kwendaba.

Ama-Neural Correlates e-Sexual Cue Reactivity kuNobuntu abangenazo ngaphandle kokucindezela ngokocansi (2014)

Lolu cwaningo luthole ukuthi imilutha yezocansi ibinomsebenzi ofanayo wobuchopho njengoba kubonakala kwizidakamizwa nezidakwa. Abaphenyi baphinde babika ukuthi i-60% yezifundo (isilinganiso seminyaka: i-25) ibinenkinga yokufeza ukuvuswa / ukuvuswa nabalingani bangempela, kepha bangafeza ukuvinjelwa nge-porn. Lokhu kutholakala kuqeda ngokuphelele isimangalo sokuthi abasebenzisi bezithombe ezingcolile zobulili abanesifiso esikhulu sezocansi kunalabo abangabasebenzisi abasebenzisa i-porn.

Kungani kungabikho ukuhlangana phakathi kwama-questionnaires ne-EEG Ukufundwa?

Isimangalo esikhulu Steele et al., I-2013 yukuthi ukuntuleka kwemibono phakathi kwezihloko ezifundwayo ze-EEG (P300) nemibuzo ethile yemibuzo kusho ukuthi ukulutha kabi kocansi akukho. Izizathu ezimbili ezinkulu zibangela ukuntuleka kokuhlangana:

  1. Abacwaningi bakhetha izifundo ezihlukahlukene (abesifazane, amadoda, izihlobo ezingezona ezithandana nabo, abangewona abesilisa nabesifazane), kodwa wabakhombisa zonke izithombe ezingavamile, ezingenakuzijabulisa, zesilisa + zesifazane zobulili. Ngokumane nje, imiphumela yalolu cwaningo yayixhomeke ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi amadoda, abesifazane, nabangewona abesilisa nabesifazane akufani nhlobo ekuphenduleni kwabo izithombe zobulili. Lokhu akucaci neze (ngezansi).
  2. Ababili ababuza imibuzo uSteele et al. okuthembelwe kuzo zombili izifundo ze-EEG ukuhlola "ukulutha kabi kocansi" akuqinisekisiwe ukuvivinya ukusetshenziswa kwe-inthanethi / ukubheja. Emaphephandabeni, uPrause wakhomba kaningi ukungabi khona kokuhlangana phakathi kwezikolo ze-EEG kanye nezikali ze- "hypersexuality", kepha asikho isizathu sokulindela ukuhlangana kwezidakamizwa ezingcolile.

Ukuhlukahluka okungavumelekile Kwezihloko Zokuhlolwa: Abacwaningi bakhetha izifundo ezihlukahlukene (abesifazane, amadoda, izihlobo ezingezona ezithandana nabo, abangewona abesilisa nabesifazane), kodwa wabakhombisa konke okujwayelekile, okungenzeka kungathandeki, okungcolile kobulili wesilisa. Lokhu kubalulekile, ngoba kwephula inqubo evamile yokufunda izidakamizwa, lapho abacwaningi bakhetha khona okufanayo izifundo ngokobudala, ubulili, ukuma, ngisho nama-IQ afanayo (more iqembu elilawula ukufanelana) ukuze ugweme ukuphazamiseka okubangelwa ukuhlukana okunjalo.

Lokhu kubaluleke ngokukhethekile ekufundeni okunjengale, okulinganisa ukuvusa izithombe eziphathelene nobulili, njengoba ucwaningo luqinisekisa ukuthi amadoda nabesifazane bahluke kakhulu ekuphenduleni ubuchopho emifanekisweni yezocansi noma kumafilimu. Lesi siphambeko sodwa sichaza ukungabi khona kwemibono phakathi kokufundwa kwe-EEG nemibuzo. Ucwaningo lwangaphambili luqinisekisa umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwabesilisa nabesilisa ekuphenduleni izithombe zobulili. Bheka, isibonelo:

Singaqiniseka ukuthi a okungewona wesifazane ocansini unesithakazelo esifanayo sobulili besilisa nabesifazane njengendoda engathandani naye ocansini? Cha, futhi ukufakwa kwakhe kungahle kuphazamise ukuphakama kwe-EEG okuhlinzeka ngokubambisana okunengqondo okungenakwenzeka. Bheka, isibonelo, Izifunda ze-Neural ezonakele ngenxa yocansi ngobulili obufanayo nabesilisa abesilisa nabesilisa abesilisa nabesilisa abesilisa nabesilisa ocansini: isifundo se-fMRI.

Ngokumangalisa, u-Prause ngokwakhe ukhulume isifundo sangaphambili (2012)  ukuthi abantu bahluka ngokuphawulekayo ekuphenduleni kwabo izithombe zocansi:

“Izisusa zefilimu zisengozini yokwehluka ngakunye kubhekwe ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zesikhuthazi (I-Rupp & Wallen, 2007), ukuthanda okuqukethwe okuthile (iJanssen, Goodrich, Petrocelli, & Bancroft, 2009) noma imilando yomtholampilo eyenza izingxenye zesikhuthazi esiphikisayo ( UWouda et al., 1998). ”

"Noma kunjalo, abantu bazohluka kakhulu ezimeni ezibukwayo eziveza inkanuko yokuya ocansini kubo (uGraham, Sanders, Milhausen, & McBride, 2004)."

Phakathi ku Ukutadisha ukuthandaza eshicilelwe amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kwalokhu wathi:

"Izifundo eziningi ezisebenzisa uhlelo oludumile i-International Affective Picture System (Lang, Bradley, & Cuthbert, 1999) zisebenzisa izinto ezehlukile kwabesilisa nabesifazane esibonelweni sabo."

Mhlawumbe u-Prause kufanele afunde izitatimende zakhe ukuze athole isizathu sokuthi kungani ukufunda kwakhe kwe-EEG okwamanje kuhluka kakhulu. Ukungezwani komuntu ngamunye kuyinto evamile, futhi kuzolindeleka ukuhlukahluka okukhulu ngeqembu lezinhlobonhlobo zobulili.

Imibuzo engabalulekile: I-SCS (Ukunyanzeliswa ngokocansi) ayikwazi ukuhlola ukulutha kwe-Internet-i-porn. Yadalwa ku-1995 futhi yaklanywa ngocansi olungalawulwa ubudlelwane engqondweni (mayelana nokuphenya ngendlala yengculaza). I I-SCS ithi:

"Isilinganiso kufanele sibe [siboniswe?] Ukubikezela izinga lokuziphatha kocansi, izinombolo zocansi abalingani bobulili, ukuziphatha kwezimo ezihlukahlukene zocansi, kanye nemigomo yezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi."

Ngaphezu kwalokho, unjiniyela we-SCS uxwayisa ukuthi leli thuluzi ngeke likhombise i-psychopathology kwabesifazane:

“Izinhlangano phakathi kwamaphuzu okuphoqeleka ngokocansi nezinye izimpawu ze-psychopathology zikhombise amaphethini ahlukile kwabesilisa nabesifazane; ukuphoqelelwa ngokocansi kwakuhlotshaniswa nezinkomba ze-psychopathology emadodeni kodwa hhayi kwabesifazane."

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-SCS ihlanganisa imibuzo ephathelene nomlingani ukuthi i-intanethi-izidakamizwa ezingcolile zingase ziqhathanise ngokuphambene ngokuqhathaniswa nezilonda zocansi, njengoba zithi abasebenzisi be-porn abathintekayo bavame ukude kakhulu isifiso esikhulu se-cyber erotica kunezocansi zangempela.

Njengesi-SCS, imibuzo yesibili ye-hypersexual (i-CBSOB) ayinayo imibuzo mayelana nokusetshenziswa kocansi kwe-Intanethi. Yenzelwe ukubheka izihloko ze- "hypersexual", nokuziphatha okungalawuleki kocansi - hhayi ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwezinto ezisobala kwi-intanethi.

Olunye uhlu lwemibuzo abacwaningi abalusebenzisayo yi-PCES (Pornography Consumption Effect Scale), ebizwa ngokuthi “i-nightmare engqondweni, ”Futhi asikho isizathu sokukholelwa ukuthi kungakhombisa noma yini mayelana nokulutha kocansi kwe-Intanethi or ukubheja ngokocansi.

Ngakho-ke, ukuntuleka kokuhlangana phakathi kokufundwa kwe-EEG nalawa mibuzo akunikeli ukusekelwa eziphethweni zocwaningo noma izimangalo zombhali.

Akukho ukuhlolwa kokuqala: Izihloko ze-Prause azizange zihlolwe ngaphambili. Izifundo zobuchopho zokulutha okulungile zihlola abantu abanezimo esezivele zikhona (ukucindezeleka, i-OCD, ezinye izidakamizwa, njll.). Le ukuphela kwendlela abacwaningi abanesibopho abangathola ngayo iziphetho mayelana nokulutha. Bona i- Ucwaningo lweCambridge ngokwesibonelo sokuhlola okufanele nendlela yokwenza.

Izihloko zePrause nazo azizange zihlolwe kuqala ukulutha kocansi. Inqubo ejwayelekile yezifundo zokulutha ukubheka izihloko ngokuhlolwa komlutha ukuze uqhathanise labo abahlola ukuthi banomlutha nalabo abangawenzi. Laba bacwaningi abakhange bakwenze lokhu, yize i Ukuhlolwa kwe-porn-ukulutha kwezidakamizwa kukhona. Esikhundleni salokho, abacwaningi babephethe ukulingana ngokocansi ngemuva abahlanganyeli base bekhethiwe kakade. Njengoba kuchaziwe, i-SCS ayivumelekile ukulutha izidakamizwa ze-porn noma yabesifazane.

Ukusebenzisa i-Pornic Porn for Izihloko ezihlukahlukene: USteele et al. iyavuma ukuthi ukukhetha kwayo izithombe zobulili ezingcolile "ezinganele" kungahle kushintshe imiphumela. Ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, ukukhetha i-porn test kuyakhohlisa, njengoba abasebenzisi be-porn (ikakhulukazi abayimilutha) bavame ukukhuphuka ngochungechunge lwezinto abazithandayo. Umbiko omningi ukuphendula okuncane ngokocansi ezinhlobonhlobo zobulili ezingcolile ezingafanani nezithombe zabo zobulili ezingcolile-i-du-jour-Kubandakanya izinhlobo abazitholile zivusa ingqondo ngaphambili emisebenzini yabo yokubuka izithombe zocansi. Isibonelo, izithombe eziningi ezingcolile zobulili zanamuhla zidliwa ngamavidiyo anencazelo ephezulu, futhi ama-stills asetshenziswe lapha kungenzeka anganikeli impendulo efanayo.

Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwe-porn ejwayelekile kungathinta imiphumela. Uma umlingisi we-porn elindele ukubuka i-porn, umvuzo womsebenzi wesifunda kungenzeka ukhuphuke. Kodwa-ke uma izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuvela ukuthi ziyizithombe ezithandekayo zobungqingili ezingahambisani nohlobo lwakhe lwamanje noma ezima esikhundleni samavidiyo we-fetish anokucaca okuphezulu, umsebenzisi angaba nempendulo encane noma angayiphenduli, noma ngisho nokuphikisana. "Kwakunjani ukuthi? "

Lokhu kulingana nokuhlola ukwenziwa kabusha kwesibalo sezixhwanguxhwangu zokudla ngokunikeza wonke umuntu ukudla okukodwa: amazambane abhakwe. Uma umhlanganyeli engenzeki athande amazambane abhakwe, akumele abe nenkinga yokudla kakhulu, akunjalo?

Umlutha osebenzayo "wokufundwa kobuchopho" kumele: 1) ube nezihloko nezilawuli ezifanayo, i-2) uhlolisise ezinye izifo zengqondo nezinye izidakwa, kanye ne-3) usebenzise imibuzo yemibuzo nezingxoxo eziqinisekisiwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lezi zihloko empeleni ziyimilutha yezocansi. USteele et al. akukho nokukodwa kwalokhu, kepha uthole iziphetho ezinkulu futhi wazishicilela kabanzi.

Ayikho Iqembu Elilawulayo, Kodwa Izimangalo Ezidingekayo Okukodwa

Abaphenyi abaphenyanga iqembu lokulawula labasebenzisi be-porn abangenankinga. Lokho akuvimbanga ababhali ukuthi benze izimangalo kwabezindaba ezidinga ukuqhathaniswa kweqembu lokulawula. Ngokwesibonelo:

Ukukhishwa kwe-UCLA:

"Uma ngabe behlushwa ubungqingili, noma ukulutheka ngokocansi, impendulo yabo yobuchopho ezenzweni zobulili ezibonakalayo ingalindeleka ukuthi ibe phezulu, ngendlela efanayo naleyo eboniswe ngayo ubuchopho babantu abayimilutha ye-cocaine ukuthi basabela ezithombeni zalesi sidakamizwa kwezinye izifundo. ”

Ingxoxo ye-TV:

I-Reporter: "Bakhonjiswe izithombe ezahlukahlukene ezivusa inkanuko, kanye nokuqashwa kobuchopho babo."

Ukudumisa: “Uma ucabanga ukuthi izinkinga zocansi ziwumlutha, besingalindela ukubona i- impendulo ezithuthukisiwe, mhlawumbe, kulezo zithombe zocansi. Uma ucabanga ukuthi kuyinkinga yokungafisi, besizolindela ukubona izimpendulo ezinciphile kulezo zithombe zocansi. Futhi ukuthi asibubonanga obunye balobo budlelwane kusikisela ukuthi akukho ukuxhaswa okukhulu ekubhekeni kulezi zinkinga zokuziphatha ngokocansi njengomlutha. ”

Eqinisweni, uSteele et al. ibike ukufundwa okuphezulu kwe-P300 kwezithombe zocansi kunezithombe ezingathathi hlangothi. Lokho kusho ukuthiimpendulo ezithuthukisiwe“. Ukuphawula ngaphansi kwe- I-Psychology namuhla of Prause, kkusho uprofesa we-Sychology uJohn A. Johnson:

“Ingqondo yami isalokhu ithi nhla ngesimangalo sikaPrause sokuthi ubuchopho babafundi bakhe abuzange buphendule ezithombeni zocansi njengobuchopho babalutha bezidakamizwa abaphendula ngomuthi wabo, uma kubikwa ukuthi ubika ukufundwa okuphezulu kwe-P300 kwezithombe zocansi. Njengemilutha ekhombisa ama-P300 spikes lapho ihanjiswa nomuthi wayo wokuzikhethela. Angasithola kanjani isiphetho esiphikisana nemiphumela yangempela? Ngicabanga ukuthi kungenziwa emibonweni yakhe yangaphambilini – lokho abelindele ukukuthola. ”

Ngamafuphi, yiyiphi isimemezelo sikaPrause emibuthanweni yakhe eminingi yemidiya ayixhaswanga ngemiphumela. Esinye isimangalo esivela ku-interview esadinga iqembu lokulawula:

I-Mustanski: Yayiyini injongo yocwaningo?

Ukudumisa: Ucwaningo lwethu luvivinywe ukuthi ngabe abantu ababika izinkinga ezinjengalezi bafana nezinye izilonda ezimpendulo zabo zobuchopho ezithombeni zobulili. Ukuhlolwa kwezidakamizwa ezidakamizwa, njenge-cocaine, kubonise indlela ephendulelayo yokuphendula ngobuchopho ezithombeni zezidakamizwa zokuhlukunyezwa, ngakho sabikezela ukuthi kufanele sibone iphethini efanayo kubantu ababika izinkinga ngocansi uma eqinisweni, umlutha.

Impendulo kaPrause kuMustanski ikhombisa ukuthi isifundo sakhe senzelwe ukubona ukuthi impendulo yengqondo ezithombeni zocansi kubantu ababika izinkinga ngezocansi iyefana nempendulo yobuchopho yabasebenzisi bezidakamizwa lapho behlangabezana nezithombe zomuthi abayimilutha yazo.

Ukufunda ucwaningo lwe-cocaine ukhuluma (Dunning, et al., 2011), nokho, kubonisa ukuthi ukuklama kukaSteele et al. yayingefani neze nesifundo se-Dunning, nokuthi uSteele et al. akazange aphinde abheke uhlobo lwezimpendulo zobuchopho obhalwe ku-Dunning.

Ucwaningo lwe-Dunning lwalusebenzisa amaqembu amathathu: Abasebenzisi be-cocaine abasebenzisa i-27, abasebenzisi be-cocaine be-28, kanye ne-29 abangasebenzisi izilawuli zokulawula. Steele et al. basebenzisa isampula esisodwa sabantu: labo ababika izinkinga ezilawula ukubuka kwabo kwezithombe zocansi. Nakuba ucwaningo lukaDunning lwalukwazi ukuqhathanisa izimpendulo zezilonda ze-cocaine ukuze ziphile kahle
izilawuli, isifundo se-Prause asizange siqhathanise nezimpendulo zesampuli esinezinkinga neqembu lokulawula.

Kukhona umehluko omkhulu. Ucwaningo lwe-Dunning lwalinganisa amathuba amaningana ahlobene nomcimbi (ERPs) ebuchosheni, ngoba ucwaningo lwangaphambili lwaluveze umehluko obalulekile ezinkampanini zengqondo ezikhonjiswe ku-ERPs. Ucwaningo lwe-Dunning lwaluhlukanisa ngokwehlukana ukusabalalisa kwangemva kokuhamba kwesikhathi (EPN), kucatshangwa ukuthi lubonise ukunakekelwa kokuqala, kanye nokuhleleka kwesikhathi eside (LPP), okucatshangelwe ukukhombisa ukuqhutshwa okuqhubekayo kwezinto ezibalulekile. Ucwaningo lwe-Dunning luqhubeka luhlukanisa ekuqaleni
ingxenye ye-LPP, ecatshangelwa ukumela ukunakwa kokuqala, kusukela engxenyeni kamuva ye-LPP, ecatshangelwe ukuthi iboniswe ngokuqhubekayo. Ukuhlukanisa la ma-ERP ahlukene kubalulekile ngoba ukungezwani phakathi kwezidakamizwa ezingapheli, abasebenzisi bamanje, kanye nokulawula okungekho kokusebenzisa kuncike ekuhloleni i-ERP.

Ngokuphambene, uSteele et al. ubuke kuphela i-ERP ebizwa nge-P300, okuyi-Dunning eqhathanisa nefasitela lokuqala le-LPP. Ngokwamukelwa kwabo, uPrause nabalingani bakhe babika ukuthi lokhu kungenzeka ukuthi akuzange kube isu elihle kakhulu:

“Okunye okungenzeka ukuthi i-P300 akuyona indawo engcono yokuhlonza ubudlelwano nezisusa zocansi. I-LPP ngemuva kwesikhashana ibonakala ixhunyaniswe ngokuqinile nesisusa."

I-upshot nguSteele et al. akenzanga empeleni hlola wizimpendulo zobuchopho zabantu abanezinkinga zocansi “zibonise iphethini efanayo”Njengezimpendulo zemilutha. Abasebenzisanga ukuguquguquka okufanayo kwe-ERP okusetshenziswe esifundweni se-cocaine futhi abasebenzisanga iqembu elizimele neqembu elilawulayo, ngakho-ke bekungafanele baqhathanise imiphumela yabo nocwaningo lwe-Dunning bethi ukuqhathanisa kwakungu "apula nama-aphula."

Ukulinganiselwa kwe-EEG Technology

Ekugcineni, ubuchwepheshe be-EEG abukwazi ukukala imiphumela abacwaningi abathi bangayenza. Yize abacwaningi begcizelela ukuthi, "Ukuziphendulela kwe-Neural kwesimiso sobulili kwisampula yabashumene ocansini kungahlukanisa lezi zincazelo ezimbili eziphikisanayo zampawu [ubufakazi bokulutha ngokweqile ngokuhambisana nesifiso sobulili esiphakeme],”Empeleni akunakwenzeka ukuthi ama-EEG angakwenza lokhu nhlobo. Yize ubuchwepheshe be-EEG bukhona iminyaka eyikhulu, impikiswano iyaqhubeka ngokuthi yini ngempela edala amagagasi obuchopho, noma ukuthi yikuphi ukufundwa kwe-EEG okushoyo. Njengomphumela, imiphumela yokuhlola ingahunyushwa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Bheka I-Brainwashed: Ukudluliswa Kwe-Seductive ye-Mindless Neuroscience ukuze uthole ingxoxo yokuthi ama-EEG angasetshenziswa kabi kanjani ukudweba iziphetho ezingenasisekelo.

Ama-EEG akala umsebenzi kagesi ngaphandle kwe-skull, nabacwaningi bomlutha abasebenzisa ama-EEG babheka izimpawu ezincane kakhulu zezici ezithile zokulutha. Isibonelo, lokhu Ucwaningo lwamuva lwe-EEG kuma-addicts e-intanethi ikhombisa ukuthi ososayensi bezinzwa zokulutha i-Intanethi bakwenza kanjani lokhu kuhlola. Qaphela ukuthi abacwaningi bahlukanisa izici ezincane zomsebenzi wobuchopho, njengokuxhamazela, futhi bagweme izimangalo ezibanzi ngokweqile zohlobo olwenziwe lapha yi-SPAN Lab. Futhi qaphela iqembu lokulawula nokuhlola kwangaphambili ukulutha, okubili okungekho kulo mzamo we-SPAN Lab.

Mhlawumbe ababhali abakwazi ukwehluleka kobuchwepheshe ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinqubo ezihlanganayo zokuqonda:

“Isilinganiso se-P300 [isilinganiso se-EEG] siyaziwa futhi sijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukukala ukuphinda kusebenze kwe-neural kwisikhuthazo esingokomzwelo, kwesinye isikhathi sezocansi. Ukubuyela emuva kokufaka enkombeni into enkulu, ehamba kancane ye-ERP imvelo yemvelo yezinqubo zokuqonda ezigqagqene ezingaphansi kwento enjalo. Embikweni wamanje, i-P300 ingaba, futhi kungenzeka kakhulu, ukukhomba izinkomba eziningi eziqhubekayo zokuqonda. ”

Ungalokothi ukhumbule ukuthi, ngokuvuma kwabo, i-P300 kungenzeka ingabi ikhetho elihle lokucwaninga kwe-ERP yalolu hlobo. Ungacabangi ukuthi ukuhlaziya izibalo ngokuhluka kwamanani kuye kwaqaphela njengenkinga iminyaka engaphezulu kwe-50, njengokuthi ezinye izindlela zokwenza izilinganiso ezihlukile zivame ukusetshenziswa (bheka http://public.kenan-flagler.unc.edu/faculty/edwardsj/Edwards2001b.pdf). Ungakhathaleli ukuthi asazi ngempela ukuthi ubukhulu be-P300 ezithombeni ezithile ezihlobene nezithombe ezingathathi hlangothi bukhombisani. I-P300 ifaka ukunakekelwa kolwazi olubalulekile ngokomzwelo, kepha njengoba uPrause nozakwabo bevuma, abakwazanga ukubikezela ukuthi ngabe i-P300 ekuphenduleni izithombe zocansi izophakanyiswa ikakhulukazi kubantu abanesifiso sobulili esiphakeme (ngoba baba nemizwa enamandla ezimeni zocansi) noma ngabe i-P300 ibizohlala isicaba (ngoba bebejwayele ukuthwebula izithombe zocansi).

Futhi angeke bahlukanise phakathi kokunakekelwa okukhulu (i-P300 ephakeme) ebangelwa ukuvuvukala ngokocansi, noma ukunakwa okukhulu okubangelwa ukuqina imizwelo emibi, njengokunyanya. Futhi ubuchwepheshe be-EEG abunakunquma phakathi kokufunda okuphezulu kwe-P300 okuvela ekuvukeni kocansi kuqhathaniswa nokwethuka / ukumangala. Futhi ubuchwepheshe be-EEG abungeke busitshele ukuthi imijikelezo yomvuzo wobuchopho yenziwe yasebenza noma cha.

Kunenkinga ebaluleke kakhulu lapha: Steele et al. Kubonakala sengathi ifuna ukuthatha noma / noma ukusondela ekubukeni kwezithombe zocansi-ukuthi izimpendulo ze-EEG kungenxa yesifiso sobulili noma inkinga yokulutha - sengathi isifiso singahlukaniswa ngokuphelele nezinkinga zokulutha. Ngabe ukhona ongaphakamisa ukuthi izimpendulo ze-EEG ezidakwa ngokweqile noma eziyimilutha ye-cocaine zingabangelwa ngokuphelele isifiso sazo somlutha or enkingeni yabo yokulutha?

Ezinye izinto zingathonya ukufundwa kwe-EEG. Kuthiwani uma isithombe sihlobene nohlobo oluthandayo, kepha i-pornstar ikukhumbuza ngomuntu ongamthandi / omesabayo / ongakhathaleli ukubona ehamba ze. Ubuchopho bakho buzoba nezinhlangano eziphikisanayo ze-eerotica enjalo. Lezi zingxabano zingahle zibe khona kakhulu ezimweni zezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kunasesimweni sokuthi, yithi, ukubonwa kwe-cocaine yempuphu namakhala (okusetshenziswa lapho kuhlolwa imilutha ye-cocaine).

Iphuzu liwukuthi ukuxhumana okuningi nge-stimulus njengeyinkimbinkimbi njengobulili kungase kube lula ukufundwa kwe-EEG.

Futhi, uSteele et al. kucatshangwa ukuthi izilinganiso eziphakeme ze-EEG zikhombisa ukuvuka okuphezulu kocansi, kepha izilinganiso ze-EEG zezifundo empeleni zazikuyo yonke imephu. Ingabe lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abanye babo babeyimilutha kanti abanye babengeyona? Noma ukubukela i-porn ebacishiwe. Izici eziningi zingathinta ukufundwa kwe-P300. Cabanga ngokulandelayo, kusuka esinye isifundo se-P300:

Nakuba ukubaluleka kokusebenza kwe-P300 kusaphikisana1, 2, ubukhulu bayo bukhomba ukwabiwa kwezinsizakusebenza zokuhlaziywa kwesikhuthazi….Kunciphise i-P300 I-amplitude ibike ekuhluphekeni okuningi kwengqondo, kufaka phakathi i-schizophrenia4, ukucindezeleka5, nokudakwa ngokweqile6.

Ngamafuphi, umbono wombhali wokuthi ubuchopho bemilutha buzobonisa noma ngabe ubufakazi bokuthi ungumlutha noma ubufakazi bokuthi “isifiso sobulili obuphezulu” abunalwazi. Noma kunjalo okungaqondakali kudala kumfundi umbono wokuthi imiphumela yocwaningo izosikhombisa ukuthi laba bantu abathandana nobulili obufanayo babonisa (1) ubufakazi bokulutha noma (2) ukuhlangana okuhle "nesifiso sobulili esiphakeme." Futhi isihloko sesifundo bese sidukisa “isifiso sobulili” ngokuwina.

Amazwana adidekile ngokuziphatha komlutha

Enye inkinga ngokwakhiwa kwesifundo ukuthi i-SPAN Lab iphambanisa izindlela ezihlobene nokulutha nokulutha uqobo (isimilo). Kulolu cwaningo, abacwaningi bathi ukubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuyindlela yokubuka, hhayi ngokungafani nokubuka utshwala isithombe sebhodlela le-vodka, nokuthi ukushaya indlwabu kungumsebenzi wokulutha. Lokhu akulungile.

Ukubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, yilokho abacwaningi abacele lezi zihloko ukuba zenze, kungukuthi the umsebenzi wokulutha umlutha wezocansi we-Intanethi. Abasebenzisi abaningi babuka noma ngabe ukushaya indlwabu akuyona inketho (isb. Ngenkathi ugibele ibhasi, kumakhompyutha alabhulali, emsebenzini, kumagumbi okulinda, njll.). Ukubuka i-porn yokukhuthaza is ukuziphatha kwabo okungalawuleki.

Ngokuphambene nalokho, izinkomba zeqiniso zemilutha yezocansi zingaba izinto ezinjengokubona amabhukhimakhi amasayithi abo abawathandayo e-porn, ukuzwa igama noma ukubona isithombe esibakhumbuza isithandwa sabo sezintandokazi zobulili ezingcolile noma inkanyezi ye-porn, ukufinyelela kwangasese kwi-Intanethi ephezulu, nokunye. Ngokuqinisekile, ukubona okubukwayo okukhombisa isibungu kungasebenza njengeseluleko somuntu onomlutha walolo hlobo lohlobo lwe-porn fetish, kepha lapha abacwaningi basebenzise i-porn ejwayelekile, hhayi i-porn efanelwe ukuthanda komuntu ngamunye.

Umcabango wokuthi lolu cwaningo "lufana nje" nezifundo zezidakamizwa, kungenye yezinkolelo eziningi ezixegayo uSteele et al. kwenza Gcina ukhumbula ukuthi isithombe setafula le-blackjack akuyona ukugembula; isithombe sesitsha sika-ayisikhilimu asidli. Ukubuka i-porn, ngokuhlukile, is umsebenzi wokulutha. Akekho owaziyo ukuthi yikuphi ukufundwa kwe-EEG kufanele yibaphuluki bezocansi abenza umsebenzi wabo wokulutha.

Ngokuxoxa ngemiphumela yabo ngenxa yocwaningo lwangempela lwe-cue oluphathelene nezinye izidakamizwa, abacwaningi basho ukuthi baqhathanisa "ama-apula nama-apula." Akunjalo. Okokuqala, ezinye izifundo zokulutha umlutha uSteele et al. izingcaphuno zibandakanya ukulutha kwamakhemikhali. Umlutha wezocansi akulula kangako ukuwuhlola ebhodini ngezizathu esezichaziwe. Okwesibili, ukwakheka kukaSteele et al. ihluke ngokuphelele kulezo zifundo ezikushoyo (awekho amaqembu okulawula, njll.).

Ucwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo ekusetshenzisweni kwe-cue-reactivity ezithombeni zocansi noma kumafilimu acacile kumele liqaphele kakhulu ekuchazeni imiphumela. Isibonelo ukuncipha kokuphendula kobuchopho kungakhombisa ukungabi nandaba noma ukujwayela, kunokuba "ungabi umlutha".

Isiphetho

Okokuqala, umuntu angenza ingxabano eqinile ukuthi lolu cwaningo akukaze lushicilelwe. Izinhlobonhlobo zezifundo, imibuzo engakwazi ukuhlola ukubheja kwezidakamizwa ze-intanethi, ukungahlolisisi ukuhlukunyezwa, nokungabikho kweqembu lokulawula kubangele imiphumela engathembeki.

Okwesibili, ukuhlangana yedwa - isifiso esingaphansi kocansi oluhlangene oluhambisana ne-P300 ephakeme - kukhombisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kocansi okuningi kuholela ekusetshenzisweni okukhulu (ukufisa izithombe ezingcolile), kepha isifiso esincane sokuya ocansini nomuntu wangempela. Ngokumane nje: Izihloko ezisebenzisa i-porn ezifisa kakhulu i-porn, kepha isifiso sazo sobulili bangempela sasiphansi kunalabo ababheka okuncane. Hhayi kahle lokho okushiwo yizihloko noma abalobi bathi kwabezindaba (ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kocansi okuningi kwakuhambisana nesifiso esiphakeme "isifiso sobulili").

Okwesithathu, ukutholwa "komzimba" kwe i-P300 ephakeme uma ivuliwe kuyi-porn ibonisa ukuzwela (ukuxuba kabusha kwe-porn), okuyinto inqubo yokulutha umlutha.

Ekugcineni, sinababhali abenza isimangalo kwabezindaba okuyiminyaka elula ukusuka kudatha. Ukusuka ezihlokweni ezisematheni, kusobala ukuthi izintatheli zithenge i-spin. Lokhu kukhomba esimweni esingesihle sobuntatheli besayensi. Ama-blogger wesayensi nezindawo zezindaba zamane zaphinda lokho abakudliswa. Akekho kwabezindaba owafunda lolu cwaningo, wahlola amaqiniso, noma wacela umbono wesibili ofundile ososayensi bezinzwa zokulutha. Uma ufuna ukuphromotha i-ajenda ethile, konke okudingeka ukwenze ukuhlanganisa ukukhishwa kwabezindaba okuhlakaniphile. Akukhathalekile ukuthi isifundo sakho sitholani empeleni, noma ukuthi indlela yakho enamaphutha ingaveza kuphela isaladi ledatha elixutshiwe.

Futhi bheka lezi zicizo zesifundo esifanayo:

Ngokufana noSteele et al, isifundo sesibili se-SPAN Lab kusuka ku-2013 sathola umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezilawuli kanye "nemilutha yezocansi" - "Akukho Ubufakazi Bokuhlukunyezwa Kwengqondo Ku "Abesilisa Abangqingili" Ukubika Imizwa Yabo Emibonweni Yezocansi (2013). ” Njengoba kuchaziwe ku- lokhu kuhlaziywa, isihloko sifihla okutholakele uqobo. Eqinisweni, "imilutha yezocansi" yayine Ngaphansi ukuphendula ngokomzwelo uma kuqhathaniswa nezilawuli. Lokhu akumangalisi abaningi Izidakamizwa ezingcolile zibika imizwa enzima nemizwa. Ababhali basivikela lesi sihloko ngokuthi bathi balindele “ukusabela okukhulu ngokomzwelo”, kepha abahlinzekanga ngalutho kulokhu “kulindelwa” okungabazisayo. Isihloko esinembe kakhudlwana besingaba yile: “Izihloko ezinenkinga yokulawula ukusetshenziswa kwazo kobulili zibonisa impendulo engaphansi kwemizwelo kumafilimu ezocansi“. Babengenasisekelo

Bona Izifundo Ezingabazekayo Nezidukisayo ngamaphepha aphakanyisiwe kakhulu akusikho athi azikho.