Imiva ye-Brain Studious Addiction yamuva kuhlanganisa ne-Porn (2013)

Amazwana: Ucwaningo oluningi luye lwashicilelwa kusukela lesi sihloko sabhalwa kuqala (ngoJanuwari, i-2013). Konke ukubolekisa kokubili ukulutha kwe-intanethi nokulutha kwe-porn.

Ucwaningo lwe-Brain mayelana nokulutha kwe-inthanethi lugxila ekuqondeni olulodwa kuphela 

Njengoba sibhala Izindaba Ezimbi Zabantu Abangcolile: Ukulutha Kwe-intanethi I-Atrophies Brains, okubhekiswe ocwaningweni olusanda kutholakala ocwaningweni lwamavidiyo olusanda ku-intanethi, ucwaningo olusha lwama-brand luye lwasuka emhlabeni jikelele, lwaveza ukuthi abantu abaningi abanamaphesenti amaningi asezingeni eliphezulu banomlutha wokusebenzisa i-intanethi ngokwayo.

Ucwaningo olusha luqukethe izinhlobo ezimbili zezifundo. Enye indlela isebenzisa ama-brain scans of izinguquko ezihlobene nomzimba, ezihlobene nokulutha izidakamizwa ezilutha kanye namaqembu okulawula. Enye isebenzisa ukuhlola nokulutha komlutha. (Isivivinyo sesampula) Ososayensi be-Brain basebenzisa izivivinyo ezinjalo ukuze bahlukanise izifundo zibe ngamaqembu okuhlola ama-addicts kanye nokulawula amaqembu angewona amlutha. (Bheka i-300 Ucwaningo lwezobuchopho lwe-intanethi. Funda izifinyezo ezimfushane izifundo zokulutha izidakamizwa ze-intanethi, kanye nazo lokho okusho ngezingcolile. Noma bheka le qoqo of Internet futhi Izifundo zokulutha izidakamizwa ze-Videogame).

Kulokhu okuthunyelwe, sizobe sixoxa ngocwaningo oluvela kuzo zombili lezi zigaba, kepha sinentshisekelo ikakhulu kuma-hard-science scans scan ngoba akulula ukuwasebenzisa ngokuchema. Nayi eminye imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nocwaningo olusha:

Ayini amaphesenti emilutha ye-Intanethi ngokusho kocwaningo?

Yize izifundo zohlu lwemibuzo zisebenzisa amatemu ahlukile ("ukuluthwa" "ukusetshenziswa kwe-Intanethi okunenkinga" "ukusetshenziswa kwe-Intanethi okungalungile"), amazinga asukela Amaphesenti angu-8 kuya phezulu njengamaphesenti angu-21 kubantu abasha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ku ukutadisha okubike izinga lokulutha ngomlutha ngobulili, a ikota kwabafundi baseyunivesithi abahlolwayo babhekwa njengabayisilonda-uma kuqhathaniswa namaphesenti angaphansi kweshumi kwabafundi besifazane.

Uma kungekho zifundo zobuchopho ezihlukanisa abasebenzisi be-Internet be-porn, singazi kanjani ukuthi ukulutha kwe-inthanethi kuyi-Internet?

  • Ukulutha kobulili / ucansi? Leli khasi libala Ucwaningo lwe-39 lwe-neuroscience (I-MRI, i-FMRI, i-EEG, i-neuropsychological, i-hormonal). Banikeza ukusekela okuqinile ngesimodeli sokulutha kwezidakamizwa njengoba iziphumo zabo zibuyisa ukutholakala kwezinzwa ezibikiwe ezifundweni zokulutha izidakamizwa.
  • Imibono yangempela yezobuchwepheshe ekubhekaneni nocansi / ucansi? Lolu hlu luqukethe Ukubuyekezwa kwezincwadi ezingama-16 zakamuva nezincazelo ngezinye zezazi eziphezulu zezinzwa emhlabeni. Bonke basekela imodeli yokulutha.

Abacwaningi be-inthanethi ababhemayo konke Ukusebenzisa i-intanethi, ngakho izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nemidiya yezenhlalo zihlanganiswa ndawonye. Enye yeziningi kakhulu Ucwaningo lwamuva, isibonelo, kuchaze ukusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi yezidakamizwa zaseShayina:

Izihloko bezisebenzisa i-inthanethi cishe nsuku zonke, futhi zichitha amahora angaphezu kwayi-8… nsuku zonke phambi kwesiqaphi, ikakhulukazi ukuxoxa nabangani be-cyber, ukudlala imidlalo eku-inthanethi, kanye ukubukela izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ku-intanethi noma ama-movie omdala. [I-inthanethi ye-porn, ngendlela, ivaliwe ngokomthetho e-China.]

Ukusebenzisa i-intanethi ye-intanethi ayizange ibe yodwa kulezi zifundo ezintsha esizibonayo. (Ubani osebenzisa i-Intanethi kuphela for porn Inthanethi?) Kodwa kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa Facebook izilonda kusuka Twitter umlutha? Noma i-World of Warcraft isilonda kusuka ku-EverQuest umlutha ukuze inqume ukuthi zonke izicelo ezinjalo zingaba umlutha kwabanye abasebenzisi? Cha. I-porno ye-intanethi ivele ibe yinye, ethandwa kakhulu, i-intanethi ye-intanethi, ngakho-ke ingase ibe umlutha.

Ungavumeli iqiniso lokuthi abaningi basebenzise i-Intanethi njengosizo lokushaya indlwabu likudide. Yizici ezenza i-porn ye-Intanethi ezahlukene kusuka ocansini-Kodwa kufana kakhulu ne-videoogaming noma umshini wokugembula-okuyi-akhawunti yokukwazi ukugwema abasebenzisi abathile. Lokhu Ucwaningo lwe-2013 waphawula ukufana:

"Kumele kuvezwe ukuthi, njengoba ukusetshenziswa okubili kwe-intanethi ngenani elikhulu labasebenzisi be-inthanethi ukuthola ukufinyelela izithombe zobulili ezingcolile nokugembula futhi le misebenzi yokugcina ngokucacile ihambisana nezimo ezingase zibe umlutha, kungenzeka ukuthi noma imiphi imiphumela ephathelene 'nokulutha kwe-intanethi' empeleni iyindlela yokubonisa ezinye izinhlobo zokulutha (okusho izithombe ezingcolile noma ukugembula). ”

Lezi zici zihlanganisa ukungafani-ngokuchofoza, ukufinyelela okungenakusebenza, nokuphulwa okuqhubekayo kokulindelwe nge-stimuli eshaqisayo. Konke lokhu kukhulula i-neurotransmitter dopamine emjikelezweni wokuvuza. Ukunciphisa ngokweqile kungakhohlisa ukuphendula kwe-dopamine kwamanye ubuchopho, ngaleyo ndlela kuphazamise isimo sengqondo, ukuzethemba nokukwazi ukuphendula enjabulweni.

Noma kunjalo i-Internet yohlelo lwe-eerotica ayiyona into engenabungozi yokulutha kwe-intanethi? Uxolo, kodwa sekuvele kunqume ukuba Okuningi cishe okuzoholela ekuphoqelelweni kunanoma yimuphi omunye umsebenzi we-intanethi.

Kunoma yikuphi, ubuchopho obuyisisekelo buyashintsha zonke izidakamizwa-kokubili ukuziphatha kanye namakhemikhali-kufana kakhulu nokuthi ochwepheshe bezokwelapha manje cabanga konke ukulutha umlutha ube yisifo esisodwa kunezifo eziningi ezahlukene. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kunomuntu otholakala enokugembula, ukulutha kwevidiyo noma ukuxilongwa kwe-inthanethi, kubonisa ukuthi iqoqo elithile lezinto ezingajwayelekile nezomzimba zenzeke (ngokuhluka okuncane).

Ngempela, ukushintshwa kwamangqamuzana ofanayo kudala izinguquko zobuchopho ezihlobene nokulutha konke umlutha. Ukushintshwa kwenkosi okubangela lezi zinguquko yiprotheni DeltaFosB. Kokubili okungapheli, ukusetshenziswa kwezinga eliphezulu imivuzo yemvelo (sex, ushukela, amafutha amaningi) nokuphathwa okungapheli cishe noma yisiphi isisindo sokuhlukumeza kubangele ukuthi i-DeltaFosB iqoqe esigabeni sokuvuza, ngaleyo ndlela ibangele ukuqhutshelwa kokushintshwa komqondo okuqhubekayo.

Kungaba okuthakazelisayo, kodwa okungajwayelekile, ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo ezithile zokulutha kwe-intanethi ukuze kutholakale iqiniso lomunye wabo, kuhlanganise nokulutha kwezilonda.

Iziphi izinguquko zobuchopho abacwaningi abakubonayo emilonyeni ye-inthanethi?

Iminyaka engamashumi amathathu kanye nezinkulungwane zezifundo ezifundweni zezilwane nezomuntu ziye zembula okuthile i-constellation wezinguquko zobuchopho ezihlobene nokulutha. Kungakho ososayensi benesiqiniseko sokuthi lezi zinguquko zobuchopho zihlukile kokusebenza kwengqondo okuvamile kwansuku zonke.

Isibonelo, i Ukutadisha kwaseChina okukhulunywe ngenhla, abacwaningi baphetha ngokuthi,

IAD [ukulutha kwe-intanethi] kungabangela ukulimala okunzulu ebuchosheni, futhi ukutholakala kwe-neuroimaging kufakazela ukuthi i-IAD ihlotshaniswa nezidakamizwa ohlelweni lobuchopho lwe-dopaminergic. Izinto esizifunayo nazo zisekela isimangalo sokuthi i-IAD ingabelana ngokungafani kahle kwe-neurobiological nezinye izifo zokulutha [njengokungaphatheki kabi kwezidakamizwa nokugembula.

Okulandelayo sizocubungula izinguquko kuze kube manje ezibonakala kwizikena zabantu, ngezifundo ezimele kuzixhumanisi eziseduze nokuguqulwa kobuchopho. (Qaphela, lokhu kubuyekezwa kwe- Ucwaningo lwezobuchopho lwe-intanethi ishicilelwe ngemuva kwalesi sihloko: Ukuxilongwa Kwemidlalo Ye-Intanethi Nokudlala Amageyimu: Ukubuyekezwa Kwezincwadi Ezihlelekile Zemibuzo Ye-Neuro Imaging)

  1. Ukungahlehlisi. Kushiwo ukudayela okujwayelekile kokuphendula komuntu kuyo yonke injabulo… ushintsho oluyisisekelo. Ishiya umlutha ungazweli kakhulu ebumnandini, futhi "ulambele" imisebenzi / izinto zokukhulisa i-dopamine zazo zonke izinhlobo. Izifundo ezimele ukulutha kwe-Intanethi: Funda i-1, funda i-2.
  2. Ukukwazisa. I-Hyper-reactivity ezinkomba ezihlobene nokulutha. Kuholela ekunanzeleleni okunzima ukuziba umlutha womuntu othile. Funda i-1, funda i-2
  3. Ukungazenzisi. Udaba lwe-Frontal-lobe olubomvu nokusebenza kwehle. Kunciphisa ukulawula ukucindezela, ukwenza izinqumo, kanye nokukwazi ukubikezela imiphumela. Funda i-1, funda i-2, funda i-3, funda i-4, funda i-5, funda i-6, funda i-7, funda i-8
  4. Indaba ejwayelekile engavamile. Indaba ebomvu yi-information processing processing, kanti indaba emhlophe ihlanganisa izindlela zokuxhumana phakathi kwezinhlangothi ezahlukene zobuchopho. Ukungahambi kahle kwezindlela eziphakathi kwezakhiwo zezifunda zesakhiwo kanye ne-cortex yangaphambili zihlobene nokulawulwa kokucindezeleka okuncane nokunciphisa amandla okuqonda. Funda i-1, funda i-2, funda i-3.

I-DeltaFosB iyaziwa ngokubangela ukuthi izinguquko ezihlobene nokulutha izidakamizwa ziningi kakhulu, uma kungenjalo. Azizuzisi. (Okunye ukuthi kungani kusendaweni ezayo.)

Ingabe lezi zinguquko kuphela zobuchopho?

Cha. Ngayinye yalezi zinkomba ezibonisa ibhulashi elibanzi zibonisa ukuguqulwa kwamaselula namakhemikhali okuhlobene nokulutha okucashile okuningi — njengoba ukuskena kwesimila somdlavuza kungakhombisi izinguquko ezihambisanayo zeselula / zamakhemikhali.

Iningi lezinguquko ezicashile azikwazi ukuhlolwa kumamodeli womuntu ngenxa yokungena kobuchwepheshe obudingekayo. Kodwa-ke, zikhonjwe kumamodeli wezilwane. Isibonelo, ukulandelela ukungafuneki, ukuskena kungalinganisa izinguquko ze-D2 receptor kubantu. Noma kunjalo ezinye izimpawu eziyisihluthulelo zokulutha, njenge-dynorphin ephakeme nokuqongelelwa kweDeltaFosB, ngeke zivele kuma-scan.

Iphuzu ukuthi lapho kunezinguquko ezinkulu ezibonakalayo ekubukeni kobuchopho, kukhona nezinguquko ezincane, izinguquko ezincane. Izinguquko ezinkulu ziyizinhloko zokugcina ezivamile kuzo zonke izidakamizwa, ngakho-ke nazo zibufakazi bokushintsha okuncane.

Sazi kanjani ukuthi lezi zinguquko zobuchopho azifanele ngenxa yezifo ezazivele zikhona?

Ochwepheshe abaningi baye bafundiswa ukuthi abantu kuphela abahlakulela umlutha yibo abanezinkinga ezikhona ngaphambili, ezifana ne-OCD, ukucindezeleka, i-ADHD nokunye, ukulutha umlutha njalo secondary izifo, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi akunakwenzeka. Ngenkathi ubuchopho buhlukile ekukhusheni kwabo ekugqilazweni (isibonelo, ubuchopho bentsha sengozini enkulu ukwedlula ubuchopho babantu abadala), ongoti bokulutha kwe-ASAM manje babheka ukulutha a okuyisisekelo izifo. Lokhu kungukuthi, ingaba khona ngaphandle kokutholakala kwesifo esiyinkimbinkimbi. Futhi kubangela it izinguquko zobuchopho ngaphandle kwanoma yiziphi ezinye izinkinga.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umuntu kufanele abheke kuphela amazinga okulutha kokudla e-United States (ama-79% wabantu abakhuluphele ngokweqile futhi cishe isigamu salabo abakhuluphele) ukubona ukuthi umuntu akudingeki ukuthi abe yingcosana, ekhubazeke ngokwemvelo ukuze awele ekuluthweni . Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi lapho izinguqulo ezidlulele zemiklomelo yemvelo njengokudla nokucansi. Ukudla okungenamsoco kanye ne-intanethi ye-intanethi yizinguquko ezimbi kakhulu sonke esiye sabhekana nazo ukuze siphishekele kancane kancane.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifundo ezimbili ezintsha (funda i-1, funda i-2) yembula ukuthi izinguquko zobuchopho ezihlobene nokulutha izidakamizwa zaziziphendulela wangaphambili umlutha. Lokhu bekungeke kwenzeke uma izinguquko zobuchopho bekungumkhiqizo wezimo ezihleliwe, ebezikhona. Ngokufanayo, imilutha emide ixhunywe, i- kakhulu kakhulu ukuguqulwa kobuchopho obuhlobene nokubheja:

I-grey atrophy ne-white matter i-FA izinguquko kwezinye izifunda zobuchopho zazihlobene kakhulu nesikhathi sokulutha kwe-intanethi.

Ngempela, ochwepheshe basanda kuphetha ukuthi,

angeke athole isilungiso esiqinile se-pathological for the addiction of the Internet. Ukukhubazeka kwezidakamizwa ze-intanethi kungabangela izinkinga ezithile zokuhlukunyezwa [njengokucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, inzondo, ukuzwela komuntu siqu, nokuzicabangela].

Ubekaphi imininingwane yakho kulokhu okuthunyelwe?

Ngaphandle kwezifundo eziningi zamuva zokuxilonga kwe-intanethi okukhulunywe lapha, ukwesekwa kwalesi siqephu kuvela ezintweni ezishicilelwe yi- I-American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM), iqembu labodokotela abakhulu nabacwaningi abanochwepheshe bezokwelapha. Nazi ezinye izingcaphuno ezivela ku ASAM FAQs, okukhanyisa ukuthi ochwepheshe endle bachaza kanjani umlutha:

Q: Yini ehlukile ngale ncazelo entsha? [futhi] Ingabe i-ASAM ikholelwa ngempela ukuthi ukudla nokulala ngokobulili kungumlutha?

“Le ncazelo entsha ikwenza kucace ukuthi ukulutheka akukhona okwezidakamizwa, kumayelana nobuchopho. Akuzona izinto umuntu azisebenzisayo ezibenza babe umlutha; akuyona ngisho ubuningi noma imvamisa yokusetshenziswa. Umlutha umayelana nokwenzeka ebuchosheni bomuntu lapho echayeka ezintweni ezinomvuzo noma ekuziphatheni okuvuza, futhi kumayelana nemivuzo yokujikeleza ebuchosheni nasezakhiweni zobuchopho ezihlobene kunokuba kumayelana namakhemikhali angaphandle noma indlela yokuziphatha evula lokho okuvuza izifunda… .Ukudla kanye ukuziphatha ngokocansi nokugembula nokuziphatha ingahlotshaniswa "nokuphishekela umvuzo wemiklomelo" ichazwe kule ncazelo entsha yokulutha. ”

Ukufingqa isimo samanje sokulutha umqondo we-neuroscience:

  • Okuhlobene nomlutha ukuziphatha kanye nezimpawu = isethi ethize yokuguqulwa kobuchopho obulinganiselwe.
  • Ushintsho lobuchopho olutholakala kuzo zonke izidakamizwa luhlanganisa ukuzwela, ukungafuni ukuzenzisa, ukungazenzisi, kanye nezindaba ezimhlophe ezingavamile. Ukulutha kwe-inthanethi akuhlukile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umsebenzisi ubheka izithombe ze-intanethi, i-Facebook, i-www.reddit.com, noma inhlanganisela ye-Inthanethi yokuhlanganisa.
  • Zonke izinguquko zobuchopho ezihlobene nokulutha (kokubili kokuziphatha namakhemikhali) zibangelwa ukuqoqwa kweDeltaFosB. Kukhona ukushintsha okukodwa kwamangqamuzana, kungaba izidakamizwa, ukugembula, ukudla, noma ukulutha kwezocansi kwe-Intanethi kusebenza.
  • Ukucwaninga kobuchopho ku-intanethi ukuqhutshwa kwaze kwaba manje (izifundo eziyishumi ezifana nalokhu okuthunyelwe) iphuzu elilodwa kuphela.

Uma uqaphela lezi zimpawu ezingathandeki, ungaba nomlutha we-inthanethi, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwakho kwe-inthanethi ye-intanethi kungaba yingxenye yenkinga.

Ungathola futhi okuthunyelwe kwethu okuhlobene Politics, Porn and Addiction Neuroscience of interest.

"Infographic" ngokulutha kwe-Intanethi

Ngemibhalo ebhalwe kahle yokulutha kwe-inthanethi bona -