Amazwana: Leli phepha (i-abstract engezansi) iqukethe izifundo ezimbili ezinde ezibheka imiphumela ye-porn ye-Intanethi "ekwehliseni ukubambezeleka." Ukwehliswa kokubambezeleka kwenzeka lapho abantu bekhetha amadola ayishumi khona manje kunamadola angama-20 ngesonto. Ukwehluleka ukubambezela ukwaneliseka okusheshayo ngomvuzo obaluleke kakhulu ngokuzayo.
Cabanga ngodumo Ukuhlolwa kwe-Stanford marshmallow, lapho i-4 ne-5 ubudala ubudala batshelwa uma bephuza ukudla i-marshmallow yabo eyodwa ngenkathi umcwaningi ephuma, babezovuzwa ngephilisi yesibili lapho umcwaningi ebuyela khona. Buka lokhu funny ividiyo yezingane ukubhekana nalolu khetho.
The isifundo sokuqala (i-median subject age 20) izithombe zocansi ezihambisanayo zisebenzisa nezikolo zazo emsebenzini wokubambezeleka obambezelekile. Imiphumela:
"Ukubuka izithombe ezingcolile ezitholwa yibahlanganyeli, lapho bebona khona imivuzo ezayo njengamanani aphansi kunemivuzo esheshayo, yize imivuzo yesikhathi esizayo ibifanele kakhulu. ”
Ngokumane nje, ukusetshenziselwa izithombe ezingcolile okungaphezulu kunamakhono angaphansi okubambezela ukuzithokozisa ngemiklomelo emikhulu yesikhathi esizayo. Engxenyeni yesibili yalolu cwaningi abacwaningi bahlola ukuthi lezi zihloko zaphuza ukuphumula amaviki e-4 kamuva futhi zihambisana nokusetshenziswa kwazo kocansi.
“Le miphumela ikhombisa ukuthi ukuqhubeka nokuthola ukuthokozisa okusheshayo kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuhlobene nokubambezeleka okuphuthumayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi."
Ukusetshenziswa kocansi okuqhubekayo kwabangele okukhulu ukuphuza ukuphumula amaviki angu-4 kamuva. Lokhu kusikisela ngokuqinile ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kobulili kubangela ukungakwazi ukubambezela ukuzithokozisa, kunokuba ukungakwazi ukulibazisa ukuzithokozisa okuholela ekusetshenzisweni kocansi. Kodwa isifundo sesibili safaka isikhali esihlahleni.
A isifundo sesibili (iminyaka yobudala ye-19) yenzelwe ukuhlola uma ukusetshenziswa kwe-porn izimbangela ukuphushulwa kokubambezeleka, noma ukungakwazi ukulibazisa ukuzithokozisa. Abacwaningi bahlukaniswe abasebenzisi be-porn bamanje ngamaqembu amabili:
- Iqembu elilodwa libalekile ekusetshenzisweni kocansi kwamaviki e-3,
- Iqembu lesibili lala ukudla okuthandayo kumaviki e-3.
Bonke abahlanganyeli batshelwe ukuthi lolu cwaningo luphathelene nokuzithiba, futhi bakhethwa ngokungahleliwe ukuba bayeke emsebenzini wabo obelwe wona.
Ingxenye ehlakaniphile ukuthi abacwaningi babe neqembu lesibili labasebenzisi bezithombe ezingcolile abangadli ukudla abakuthandayo. Lokhu kuqinisekise ukuthi i-1) zonke izifundo ezihileleke emsebenzini wokuzithiba, kanye ne-2) ukusetshenziswa kwe-porn kweqembu lesibili akuzange kuthinteke.
Ekupheleni kwamaviki ama-3, ababambiqhaza babebandakanyeka emsebenzini wokuhlola isephulelo sokubambezeleka. Inothi elibalulekile: Ngenkathi "iqembu lokuzithiba kocansi" libheka izithombe ezingcolile ezingaphansi kakhulu kunalezi "ezithandayo ukudla", iningi alizange liyeke ukubuka izithombe ezingcolile. Imiphumela:
“Njengoba kubikezelwe, abahlanganyeli ababenzisayo ukuzithiba ngesifiso sabo sokudla izithombe zobulili ezingcolile bakhetha iphesenti ephakeme yemikhulu emikhulu, kamuva uma kuqhathaniswa nababambe iqhaza ababezilawula ekudleni kwabo kodwa beqhubeka nokudla izithombe ezingcolile. ”
Iqembu elinciphise ukubukwa kwabo kocansi amasonto ama-3 likhombise isaphulelo sokubambezeleka okuncane kuneqembu ebelilahla ukudla abakuthandayo. Kalula nje, ukuyeka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi kukhulisa ikhono labasebenzisi be-porn lokulibazisa ukuzithokozisa. Kusuka esifundweni:
“Ngakho-ke, sakha phezu kokutholakele kwesikhathi eside kweSifundo 1, sibonise ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kokusetshenziswa kwezithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile kwakuhlobene nokulingana okuphakeme kokuphuza ukuphuza. Ukusebenzisa ukuzithiba kusizinda socansi kunomthelela oqinile ekuphusheni ukulibaziseka kunokusebenzisa ukuzithiba kwesinye isidlo esithokozisa umzimba (isb., Ukudla ukudla okuthandayo).
I-take-aways:
- Kwakungasebenzisi ukuzithiba okwakhulisa ikhono lokubambezela ukuthokozisa. Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kocansi kwakuyinto ebalulekile.
- I-porn ye-intanethi isisusa esiyingqayizivele.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwe-inthanethi ye-intanethi, ngisho nakungewona umlutha, kunemiphumela yesikhathi eside.
Yini ebaluleke kakhulu ngokunciphisa izaphulelo (ikhono lokulibazisa ukuzithokozisa)? Yebo, ukwehliswa kwesaphulelo kuxhunyaniswe nokusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa, ukugembula ngokweqile, indlela yokuziphatha eyocansi eyingozi kanye nokulutha kwe-inthanethi.
Emuva ku-"marshmallow experiment" yango-1972: Abaphenyi babika ukuthi izingane ezazizimisele ukubambezela ukuzanelisa futhi zilinde ukuthola i-marshmallow yesibili zigcine zinezikolo eziphakeme ze-SAT, amazinga aphansi okusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa, amathuba amancane okukhuluphala, izimpendulo ezingcono ekucindezelekeni, amakhono ezenhlalo angcono njengoba kubikiwe ngabazali babo, kanye nezikolo ezingcono ngokujwayelekile ezinhlobonhlobo zezinye izindlela zokuphila (izifundo zokulandelela lapha, lapha, Futhi lapha). Ikhono lokulibazisa ukuzithokozisa lalibalulekile empumelelweni empilweni.
Lolu cwaningo olusha lwe-porn luphendulela konke ekhanda. Ngenkathi ucwaningo lwe-marshmallow lukhomba ekhonweni lokubambezela ukuthokozisa njengesici esingaguquki, lolu cwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi luwuketshezi, ngezinga elithile. Ukuthola okumangazayo ukuthi ukusebenzisa amandla kwakungeyona into ebalulekile. Esikhundleni salokho, ukuvezwa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-Intanethi kuthinte amandla ezihloko zokulibazisa ukuzithokozisa. Kusuka esifundweni:
"Imiphumela yethu iqinisa nokutholakele ukuthi umehluko ekwehlisweni kokubambezeleka kubangelwe kakhulu yindlela yokuziphatha hhayi izakhi zofuzo."
Ngakho,
"Ngenkathi ukukhula nentuthuko kungabamba iqhaza elikhulu ekwehliseni nasekuthambekeleni kokuthambekela, kokubili ukuziphatha nohlobo lwesikhuthazo nemivuzo nakho kuneqhaza ekuthuthukiseni ukuthambekela okunjalo."
Amaphuzu amabili abalulekile: 1) lezi zihloko azibuzwanga ukuthi ziyeke ukushaya indlwabu noma ucansi - kuphela i-porn, kanye ne-2) lezi zihloko kwakungebona abasebenzisi bezocansi noma abayimilutha. Okutholakele kukhombisa ngokusobala ukuthi i-porn ye-Intanethi ihlukile futhi inamandla stimulus supernormal, elikwazi ukushintsha lokho abacwaningi noma ngabe beyizici zendalo. Kusukela ekufundeni:
“Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-Intanethi zingumvuzo wezocansi obamba iqhaza ekubambezeleni ukwenza izaphulelo ngokwehlukile kuneminye imivuzo yemvelo, noma ngabe ukusetshenziswa kwayo akukhona ukuphoqa noma ukulutha. Lolu cwaningo lubamba iqhaza elibalulekile, okukhombisa ukuthi umphumela wedlula ukuvusa okwesikhashana. ”
As izinkulungwane zabantu ababuyiselwe kabusha baye baveza, Ukusetshenziswa kocansi kwe-Intanethi kungathinta okungaphezulu kakhulu kobulili bomuntu. Kusukela esiphethweni sesifundo:
“Ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kungahlinzeka ukuzanelisa ngokoqobo ngokocansi kodwa kungaba nemiphumela edlula futhi ethinte ezinye izizinda zokuphila komuntu, ikakhulukazi ubudlelwano. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuphatha izithombe zobulili ezingcolile njengesimo esiyingqayizivele ekufundiseni, ukuzikhandla, nokufunda izidakamizwa nokusebenzisa lokhu ngokuqondene nokuphathwa komuntu ngamunye. "
Isifundo siqukethe nengxoxo ewusizo yendima ye-dopamine nokuziphatha okuqhutshwa ngokukhonjwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunikeza ucwaningo oluningi lokuthi kungani izinkomba zocansi kanye nezinkomba ze-inthanethi (okungajwayelekile) kudinga ukucatshangelwa okukhethekile. Ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo, inzuzo yokusinda ekubambezeleni ukwehlisela isikhuthazo sezocansi kungaba ukunxusa izilwane ezincelisayo ukuba '' zithole ngenkathi ukuthola kukuhle, '' ngaleyo ndlela zidlulise ngempumelelo izakhi zazo zofuzo.
Njengoba abacwaningi bathi,
"Ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kukodwa kungaba yinto engenabungozi kepha, uma unikezwa lokho esikwaziyo ngohlelo lwemivuzo nokubaluleka kocansi njengomvuzo wemvelo kanye nesikhuthazo se-visceral, nakho kunamandla okuphoqa noma okuluthayo."
Abacwaningi babikezela ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kocansi kungandisa ukwanda kwezizathu ze-3:
- Izifiso zobulili zingaba namandla kakhulu, futhi zihlotshaniswa nokungaziphathi kocwaningo oludlule
- Ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuyindlela elula yokuhlangana kwangempela, ingaba yinto evamile, futhi isimo somsebenzisi singakwazi ukuthokoza ngokushesha
- Isingeniso esivamile se-intanethi singabangela ukuvuselela okuphindaphindiwe kanye nokujwayeleka (ukwehla ukuphendula, ukushayela isidingo sokugqugquzela okwengeziwe)
Okokugcina, njengoba iningi lezi zifundo zisakhula, kunengxoxo emfushane yokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi intsha ingakanani okusobala kakhulu emiphumeleni ye-porn ye-intanethi.
"Mayelana nesampula yamanje yabafundi basekolishi (abaneminyaka ephakathi kwengu-19 nengama-20), kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi, ngokwemvelo, ubusha budlulela cishe eminyakeni yobudala engama-25. Intsha ikhombisa ukuzwela kwemivuzo engaphezulu kanye nokwenqaba okuncane ekusebenziseni ngokweqile, kubenze babe ngaphezulu sithambekele ekubeni umlutha. ”
abstract
J Sex Res. 2015 Aug 25: 1-12.
Negash S1, ISheppard NV, ULambert NM, Fincham FD.
Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-Intanethi ziyimboni eyizigidigidi zamadola eye yakhula ngokufinyeleleka kalula. Ukubambezeleka kokubambezeleka kuhilela ukwehlisela phansi imivuzo emikhulu, yakamuva ngokuya ngemiklomelo emincane, esheshayo. Ukuziqhenya okungapheli kanye nobukhulu bezisusa zocansi njengemivuzo yemvelo enamandla kakhulu kwenza izithombe zocansi ze-Intanethi zibe yisishoshovu esihlukile sohlelo lomvuzo wobuchopho, ngaleyo ndlela kube nomthelela ezinqubweni zokwenza izinqumo. Ngokusekelwe ezifundweni zemfundiso yokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwengqondo neuroeconomics, izifundo ezimbili zahlola umbono wokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi kuzohlobene namazinga aphezulu okuphuza ukubambezeleka.
Isifundo se-1 sisebenzisa umklamo wesikhathi eside. Abahlanganyeli bagcwalise umbuzo wokusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nomsebenzi wokubambezeleka wokuphumula ngesikhathi se-Time 1 futhi futhi emva kwamasonto amane. Abahlanganyeli ababika izithombe ezingcolile zokuqala zobulili ezingcolile basebenzise izinga lokukhipha ukulibaziseka okuphezulu ku-Time 2, ukulawula ukukhishwa kokulibala kokuqala.
Ukufunda i-2 ihlolwe ngenxa yezinto ezincane ngokuklama kokuhlola. Ababambiqhaza babelwa ngokungahleliwe ukuba bayeke ukudla okuthandayo noma izithombe zobulili ezingcolile amasonto amathathu. Abahlanganyeli ababalekela ekusebenziseni izithombe zobulili ezingcolile babonisa ukwehliswa okuncane kokubambezeleka kokubambelela kunabalingani abayeke ukudla okuthandayo. Okutholakele kusikisela ukuthi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi ngumvuzo wezocansi owenza ukuba kuphuze ukuphulukisa ngokuhlukile kuneminye imivuzo yemvelo. Imithelela yezinkomba kanye nemitholampilo yalezi zifundo zigqanyisiwe.
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