Izifundo zeBongo kubasebenzisi be-Porn & Abalutha Ngocansi

izifundo zobuchopho

Leli khasi liqukethe uhlu ezimbili (1) Izichasiso nezibuyekezo zemibhalo ezenzelwe i-neuroscience, futhi, (2) Izifundo ze-neurological ezihlola ukwakheka kobuchopho nokusebenza kwabasebenzisi be-Internet be-porn nobulili / imilutha ye-porn (Ukucindezeleka kokuziphatha ngokocansi).

Kuze kube manje, zonke izifundo ngaphandle kwezimbili ze-62 ze-neurological ezishicilelwe zinikeza ukusekelwa kwemodeli yokulutha (akukho zifundo ezikhohlisayo indlela yokulutha umlutha wezocansi). Imiphumela yalezi ~Izifundo ze-60 zezinzwa (futhi izifundo ezizayo) ziyahambisana ne- amakhulu okulutha kwe-Intanethi “Ubuchopho izifundo ”, ezinye zazo zibandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi ye-intanethi. Konke ukusekela ukuthi ukuxhashazwa kwe-intanethi kungabangela ushintsho lobuchopho obuhlobene nokulutha, njengoba kunjalo Izifundo ezingaphezu kwama-60 ezibika ukwenyuka / ukubekezelelana (ukwakhelwa indawo) nezimpawu zokuhoxa.

Ikhasi liqala nge-34 elandelayo kamuva nje okusekwe ku-neuroscience izichasiselo nokubuyekezwa kwemibhalo (kufakwe kuhlu ngosuku lokushicilelwa):

Ukubuyekezwa kwe-Literature & Commentaries:

1) I-neuroscience ye-Inthanethi ye-Pornography Umlutha: Ukubuyekezwa nokuvuselelwa (Love et al., 2015). Ukubuyekezwa okuphelele kwezincwadi ze-neuroscience ezihlobene nokulutha kwezidakamizwa ze-intanethi, ngokugxila ngokukhethekile kumlutha we-intanethi we-intanethi. Ukubukeza kubuye kubaluleke kabili Ucwaningo lwe-EEG lokubamba iqhaza ngamaqembu aphethwe ngu Nicole Prause (ngubani ukukhohlisa ngamanga okutholakele kusola ukungabaza umlutha we-porn). Izicashunwa:

Abaningi bayaqaphela ukuthi ukuziphatha eziningana okungase kuthinte umjikelezo wokujikeleza ebusweni bomuntu kuholela ekulahlekelweni kokulawulwa kanye nezinye izimpawu zokulutha umlutha okungenani abanye abantu. Mayelana nokulutha kwe-intanethi, ucwaningo lwe-neuroscience lusekela ukucabanga ukuthi izinqubo ze-neural ezisemqoka zifana nokulutha ngokweqile ... Ngaphakathi kwalesi sibuyekezo, sinikeza isifinyeto semiqondo ehlongozwayo yokulutha umlutha futhi unikeze umbono wokuhlola mayelana neuroscience ucwaningo kwi-Inthanethi ukulutha nokungaxhunyiwe ku-intanethi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sibuyekeze izincwadi ezitholakalayo ze-neuroscientific on ukulutha kobulili ezingcolile kuyi-intanethi futhi sixhuma imiphumela emfanekisweni wokulutha. Ukubuyekezwa kuholela esiphethweni sokuthi umlutha wezithombe zobulili ezingcolile we-intanethi ufinyelela ohlelweni lokulutha umlutha futhi uhlanganyela ngezindlela ezifanayo eziyisisekelo nokulutha ngokweqile.

2) Ukwehla kwesifo socansi njengesifo: Ubufakazi bokuHlola, ukuHlola, nokuphendula kwabaphikisi (Phillips et al., 2015), enikeza ishadi elibhekene nokugxekwa okucacile kokulutha kocansi / ucansi, ukunikeza izikhalazo ezibaphikisayo. Okucaphuno:

Njengoba kubonwe kuso sonke lesi sihloko, ukugxeka okuvamile kocansi njengokulutha okusemthethweni akuqiniseki uma kuqhathaniswa nokunyakaza kwemiphakathi yomtholampilo neyesayensi emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule. Kunobufakazi obanele besayensi nokusekelwa kwezocansi kanye6 nokunye ukuziphatha okufanele kwamukelwe njengokulutha. Lokhu kusekelwa kuvela emikhakheni eminingi yokuzijwayeza futhi kunikeza ithemba elimangalisayo lokwamukela ushintsho ngempela njengoba siyiqonda kangcono inkinga. Amashumi eminyaka ocwaningo nentuthuko emkhakheni wezokwelapha eziluthayo kanye nesayensi yezinzwa kuveza izindlela eziyisisekelo zobuchopho ezibandakanyeka ekuluthweni. Ososayensi bahlonze izindlela ezivamile ezithintwa ukuziphatha okuluthayo kanye nomehluko phakathi kobuchopho babantu abayimilutha nabangewona umlutha, okuveza izici ezivamile zokulutheka, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yini noma ukuziphatha. Kodwa-ke, lisekhona igebe phakathi kwentuthuko yesayensi nokuqonda komphakathi jikelele, inqubomgomo yomphakathi, kanye nentuthuko yokwelapha.

3) Umlutha We-Cybersex (Umkhiqizo & iLaier, 2015). Okucaphuno:

Abantu abaningi basebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zocansi zocansi, ikakhulukazi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi. Abanye abantu balahlekelwa ukulawulwa kokusetshenziswa kwabo kocansi lwe-inthanethi futhi babika ukuthi abakwazi ukulawula ukusetshenziswa kwabo ngocansi noma ngabe bahlangabezana nemiphumela emibi. Ezihlokweni zakamuva, ukubheja kocansi lwe-inthanethi kubhekwa uhlobo oluthile lomlutha we-intanethi. Ezinye izifundo zamanje zihlolisise ukufana phakathi kokulutha kwe-inthanethi nge-cyber kanye nezinye izidakamizwa zokuziphatha, ezifana ne-Internet Gaming Disorder. Ukucubungula nokuzikhandla kubhekwa ukuthi kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuluthweni kocansi lwe-inthanethi. Futhi, izindlela zokuzicabangela izinkinga zokuthuthukiswa nokulondolozwa kokubheja kwe-inthanethi ngokuyinhloko zihilela ukukhubazeka kokwenza izinqumo kanye nemisebenzi ephezulu. Ucwaningo lwe-Neuroimaging lusekela ukucabangela kokubambisana okubalulekile phakathi kokulutha kocansi lwe-inthanethi kanye nezinye izidakamizwa zokuziphatha kanye nokuthembela ngokwezinto eziphilayo.

4) I-Neurobiology Yokuziphatha Ngokwecansi Okucindezelayo: Isayensi Evelayo (Kraus et al., 2016). Okucaphuno:

Nakuba kungahlanganisiwe ku-DSM-5, ukuziphatha kocansi okuphoqelekile (CSB) kungatholakala ku-ICD-10 njengengxaki yokulawula ukucindezela. Kodwa-ke, impikiswano ikhona mayelana nokuhlelwa kwe-CSB. Ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka ukuqonda ukuthi izici ze-neurobiological zihlobene kanjani nezinyathelo ezifanele emitholampilo ezifana nemiphumela yokwelapha ye-CSB. Ukuhlukanisa i-CSB njengokuthi 'ukulutha ukuziphatha' kuzoba nomthelela omkhulu emikhankasweni, ekuvimbeleni nasekwelashweni ... .. Njengoba kunikezwe ukufana okufana phakathi kwe-CSB kanye nokulutha kwezidakamizwa, ukungenelela okuphumelelayo kokulutha kungase kubambe isithembiso se-CSB, ngaleyo ndlela kuhlinzeke ukuqondisisa ngezinkombandlela zocwaningo ezizayo zokuphenya lokhu kungenzeka ngqo.

5) Ingabe ukuziphatha kocansi okuphoqelekile kufanele kuthathwe njengesiyaluyalu? (Kraus et al., 2016). Okucaphuno:

Ngokukhululwa kwe-DSM-5, ukungazitholi ukugembula kwahlelwa kabusha ngezinkinga zokusebenzisa izidakamizwa. Lolu shintsho lunezinselele izinkolelo ukuthi ukulutha umlutha kwenzeka kuphela ngokufaka izinto eziguqula ingqondo futhi kunethonya elibalulekile kumasu, inqubomgomo yokuvimbela nokwelapha. Idatha ibonisa ukuthi ukubandakanya ngokweqile kwezinye izimo zokuziphatha (isb. Ukudlala, ubulili, ukuthengwa ngokucindezelayo) kungabelana ngemitholampilo, izakhi zofuzo, izinzwa ze-neurobiological kanye ne-phenomenological nezidakamizwa ezidakamizwa.

Esinye indawo esidinga ukucwaninga okwengeziwe kuhilela ukuthi ushintsho lwezobuchwepheshe lungathonya kanjani ukuziphatha kwabantu ngokocansi. Njengoba kunikezwa ukuthi idatha ibonisa ukuthi ukuziphatha ngokocansi kunconywa ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo ze-Inthanethi nezibuchwepheshe, ucwaningo olwengeziwe kufanele lucabangele ukuthi ubuchwepheshe be-digital buhlobene kanjani ne-CSB (isib. Ukushaya indlwabu ngokucindezela izithombe ezingcolile zobulili kwi-intanethi noma izingxoxo zokulala zocansi) nokubandakanyeka ekuziphatheni kocansi okuyingozi (isib. ngesinye isikhathi).

Kukhona izici zokuqhaqha phakathi kwe-CSB nokuphazamiseka kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa. Izinqubo ezivamile ze-neurotransmitter zingase zibe negalelo ku-CSB nasezikhungweni zokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, futhi ukuhlolwa kwamuva kwe-neuroimaging ukuveza ukufana okuhlobene nokuthanda nokukhathazeka. Imithi yokwelapha efanayo neye-psychotherapeutic ingase isetshenziswe ku-CSB kanye nokulutha kwezidakamizwa.

6) Isisekelo se-Neurobiological of Sexual Sexual (Kuhn & Gallinat, 2016). Okucaphuno:

Ukulutha komzimba kanye nokucwasana ngokobulili kufanele kusikhumbuze ukuthi ukuziphatha ngokweqile kuncike esimweni sethu sokuphila semvelo. Ubulili buyinto ebalulekile ekusindeni kwezinhlobo zezitshalo ngoba kuyindlela yokukhiqiza. Ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ubulili bubhekwa njengenjabulo futhi bunempahla emihle kakhulu, futhi nakuba ingaba umlutha lapho i-sex ingase ilandelwe ngendlela eyingozi futhi engathandeki, isisekelo se-neural sokulutha singase sibe nezinhloso ezibaluleke kakhulu umgomo wokuqala wokuphishekela abantu .... Ukuhlanganiswa, ubufakazi bubonakala sengathi butholakala ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwe-lobe yangaphambili, i-amygdala, i-hippocampus, i-hypothalamus, i-septum, nezindawo zobuchopho ezisebenzayo umvuzo zidlala indima ebalulekile ekusungulweni kobulili obufanayo. Ucwaningo lwe-Genetic kanye ne-neuropharmacological izindlela zokwelashwa zikhomba ekubandakanyekeni kwesistimu ye-dopaminergic.

7) Ukuziphatha Ngokweqile Ngokuzibandakanya Ngokobulili njengokweqile Ukuziphatha Ngokweqile: Impembelelo Ye-Intanethi Nezinye Izinkinga (Griffiths, 2016). Okucaphuno:

Ngenze ucwaningo olwenziwe ngamakhompiyutha ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zokulutha (ukugembula, ukudlala ividiyo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi, ukuzivocavoca, ubulili, umsebenzi, njll.) Futhi uye waphikisana ngokuthi ezinye izinhlobo zokuziphatha kocansi ezinenkinga zingabalwa njengezigqila zocansi, kuye ngokuthi incazelo yokulutha okusetshenzisiwe ....

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuziphatha ngokocansi okucindezelayo kuchazwa njengokuziphatha okucindezelayo ngokocansi (CSB), ukubheja ngokocansi kanye / noma ukuphazamiseka ngokobulili, kunezinkulungwane zezigulane ezingokwengqondo emhlabeni wonke eziphatha izifo ezinjalo. Ngenxa yalokho, ubufakazi obuvela emitholampilo obuvela kulabo abasiza futhi baphathe abantu abanjalo kufanele banikezwe kabanzi ngokwentando yomphakathi ....

Ngokusobala, intuthuko ebaluleke kakhulu emkhakheni we-CSB nokulutha ngokocansi ukuthi i-intanethi iguquka kanjani futhi ihlinzekele i-CSB. Lokhu akuzange kukhulunywe ngakho kuze kube yisigaba sokugcina, kepha ucwaningo lokulutha ngokocansi online (ngenkathi kuqukethe isisekelo esincane sezobuciko) selokhu kwaba khona kusukela ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1990, kufaka phakathi osayizi besampula ababafika cishe ku-10 000 abantu. Eqinisweni, kube nokubuyekezwa kwakamuva kwemininingwane yezobuciko emayelana nokulutha ngokocansi kwe-inthanethi nokwelashwa. Lokhu kuchaze izici eziningi ezikhethekile ze-intanethi ezingahle zikhuthaze futhi zivuse ukuthambekela okuluthayo maqondana nokuziphatha kocansi (ukufinyeleleka, ukufinyeleleka, ukungaziwa, ukwenza lula, ukuphunyuka, ukuvimbela ukubulala amagciwane, njll.).

8) Ukufuna Ukuhlanzeka Emanzini Amadayidi: Ukucabangela Kwesikhathi Esizayo Ukubeka Ukuziphatha Ngokweqile Ngokweqile Njengomlutha Wezokwelapha (Kraus et al., 2016). Okucaphuno:

Sesanda kuhlola ubufakazi bokuhlehlisa ukuziphatha kocansi okuphoqelekile (CSB) njengokweqile ukuziphatha kabi. Ukubuyekezwa kwethu kutholile ukuthi i-CSB yabelane ngokuhambisana nomtholampilo, i-neurobiological kanye ne-phenomenological ne-substance-use disorders ....

Nakuba i-American Psychiatric Association inqabe ukuphazamiseka kwe-hypersexual kusuka ku-DSM-5, ukuxilongwa kwe-CSB (ngokweqile ngokobulili drive) kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa ICD-10. I-CSB iphindwe futhi ihlolwe yi-ICD-11, nakuba ukufakwa kwayo kokugcina akuqinisekile. Ucwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo kufanele luqhubeke nokwakha ulwazi nokuqinisa uhlaka lokuqonda okungcono i-CSB nokuhumusha lolu lwazi kumgomo othuthukisiwe, ukuvimbela, ukuxilongwa, kanye nemithi yokwelapha ukunciphisa imiphumela emibi ye-CSB.

9) Ingabe Izithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Zase-Internet Zibangela Ukuhlukunyezwa Ngokobulili? Ukubuyekezwa Ngemibiko Yomtholampilo (Park et al., 2016). Ukubuyekezwa okubanzi kwezincwadi ezihlobene nezinkinga zocansi ezibangelwa ucansi. Ukubandakanya odokotela base-USNavy be-7 no-Gary Wilson, ukubuyekezwa kunikeza imininingwane yakamuva eveza ukukhula okukhulu kwezinkinga zobulili ezisencane. Iphinde ibuyekeze izifundo zezinzwa ezihlobene nokulutha kwezilonda kanye nesimo socansi nge-inthanethi ye-inthanethi. Odokotela banikeza imibiko ye-3 emitholampilo yamadoda athuthukise ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi okubangelwa ucansi. Iphepha lesibili le-2016 likaGary Wilson likhuluma ngokubaluleka kokutadisha imiphumela ye-porn ngokuthi izikhonzi zibaleke ekusetshenzisweni kocansi: Ukuqeda i-Internet engapheliyo yezithombe ezingcolile Zisebenzise Ukuveza Imiphumela Yayo (2016). Okucaphuno:

Izici zendabuko eziye zachaza ubunzima bobulili besilisa zibonakala zinganele ukwenza i-akhawunti ngokunyuka okukhulu ekusebenziseni kwe-erectile, ukubambezeleka kwe-ejaculation, ukunciphisa ukwaneliseka ngokobulili, nokunciphisa i-libido ngesikhathi sokulala ngobulili kumadoda ngaphansi kwe-40. Lokhu kubuyekezwa (i-1) kubheka idatha kusuka ezizindeni eziningi, isibonelo, imitholampilo, izidakamizwa (izidakamizwa / urology), kwengqondo (isimo sengqondo socansi), inhlalo yomphakathi; futhi (i-2) inikeza uchungechunge lwemibiko yemitholampilo, konke ngenhloso yokuphakamisa isiqondiso esingahle sokucwaninga esikhathini esizayo salesi simo. Ukuguqulwa kwesistimu yokugqugquzela ebuchosheni kuhlolisiswa njengendlela etiology ebonakalayo ebangela ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi okuhlobene nocansi.

Lokhu kubuyekezwa kubheka nobufakazi bokuthi izakhiwo ezihlukile zocansi ze-Intanethi (okungenamkhawulo, okungenzeka kube lula kokukhuphuka kokunye ngokwedlulele kokunye, ifomethi yevidiyo, njll.) Kungaba namandla ngokwanele ukucacisa ukuvuswa kocansi kuzici zokusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-Intanethi ezingaguquki kalula kwezangempela -abalingani bezempilo, ukuthi ubulili nabalingani obufisayo kungenzeka bungabhalisi njengokulindelwe komhlangano kanye nokuwohloka komusa. Imibiko yomtholampilo iphakamisa ukuthi ukunqamula ukusetshenziswa kwe-inthanethi kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kwesinye isikhathi kwanele ukuguqula imiphumela emibi, kugcizelela isidingo sophenyo olunzulu kusetshenziswa izindlela ezinezifundo ezisusa ukwahluka kokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi kuyi-Internet.

I-3.4. Izinkinga Ze-Neuroadaptations Ehlobene Nezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Zase-Intanethi-Izinkinga Zokuhlukunyezwa Ngokwecansi: Sifisa ukuthi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile-ezibangelwa ukuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili zihilela kokubili ukungaziphathi kahle nokungazenzisi ohlelweni lobugqugquzeli lobuchopho [72, 129] kanye ne-corralates ye-neural ngayinye, noma kokubili, ikhonjisiwe ezincwadini zamuva ezisebenzisayo abasebenzisi bezithombe zocansi ze-intanethi [31, 48, 52, 53, 54, 86, 113, 114, 115, 120, 121, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134].

10) Ukuhlanganisa Ukucatshangelwa Kwezingqondo Neurobiological Ngokuphathelene Nokuthuthukiswa Nokugcinwa Kwezinkinga Eziqondile Ze-Inthanethi-Ukusetshenziswa: Ukusebenzisana Komuntu-Ukuthinta-Ukuqonda-Imodeli Yokwenziwa (I-Brand et al., 2016). Ukubuyekezwa kwezinqubo ezisekela ukuthuthukiswa nokugcinwa kwezinkinga ezithile zokusebenzisa i-intanethi, kufaka phakathi "i-Internet-i-pornography-ukubukeka kwesifo". Abalobi basikisela ukuthi ukulutha kobulili bezocansi (kanye nokulutha kocansi lwe-inthanethi) kuhlukaniswa njengezinkinga zokusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi futhi kufakwe ezinye izilingo zokuziphatha ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenzisa izidakamizwa njengendlela yokuziphatha okuluthayo. Okucaphuno:

Nakuba i-DSM-5 igxile ekugemeni kwe-intanethi, inamba enencazelo yabalobi ikhombisa ukuthi abantu abafuna ukwelashwa bangasebenzisa nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Inthanethi noma amasayithi addictively ....

Kusukela esimweni sesimo samanje socwaningo, siphakamisa ukuthi sifaka ukuphazamiseka kokusetshenziswa kwe-Inthanethi ku-ICD-11 ezayo. Kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi ngaphandle kwe-Internet-gaming disorder, ezinye izinhlobo zezicelo nazo zisetshenziselwa inkinga. Enye indlela ingabandakanya ukuqaliswa kwegama elijwayelekile le-Internet-disorder disorder, okuyinto engacaciswa ngokucubungula isicelo sokuqala esisebenzisayo (isibonelo isifo sokudlala i-inthanethi, ukungaxhunyiwe kwe-inthanethi, i-intanethi-i-pornography-ukusetshenziswa kwesifo, Ukuxilongwa kwe-intanethi-yokuxhumana, ne-Internet-shopping shopping).

11) I-Neurobiology yoMlutha Wezocansi: Isahluko esivela ku-Neurobiology yezidakamizwa, i-Oxford Press (U-Hilton et al., 2016) - Izingcaphuno:

Sibukeza isisekelo se-neurobiological sokulutha umlutha, okubandakanya ukulimala kwemvelo noma inqubo, bese sikhuluma ukuthi lokhu kuhlobene kanjani nokuqonda kwethu kwamanje ngokobulili njengomvuzo wemvelo ongasebenza "okungenakuzenzekela" empilweni yomuntu ....

Kuyacaca ukuthi incazelo yamanje kanye nokuqonda ukulutha komzimba kuye kwashintsha ngokusekelwa kwelwazi mayelana nendlela ubuchopho obufunda ngayo nezifiso. Nakuba umlutha wezocansi ochazwe ngaphambilini ngokusekelwe kuphela ekuziphatheni kwezinto zokuziphatha, manje ubonakala futhi ngokusebenzisa lens of neuromodulation. Labo abangeke baqonde noma bangakwazi ukuwaqonda le mibono bangase baqhubeke banamathele emibonweni engavamile yezinzwa, kepha labo abakwazi ukuqonda ukuziphatha ngokuvumelana nesimo se-biology, leli phuzu elisha linikeza incazelo ehlanganisayo kanye esebenzayo yokulutha ngokocansi ekwazisa kokubili usosayensi nomtholampilo.

12) I-Neuroscientific Isondela ku-Online Pornography Isilonda (Stark & ​​Klucken, 2017) - Izingcaphuno:

Ukutholakala kwezindaba zobulili ezingcolile kuye kwanda kakhulu ngokuthuthukiswa kwe-intanethi. Ngenxa yalokhu, amadoda acela ukwelashwa kaningi ngoba izithombe zabo ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile azipheli; okungukuthi, abakwazi ukuyeka noma ukunciphisa ukuziphatha kwabo okunenkinga nakuba bebhekene nemiphumela emibi .... Emashumini amabili eminyaka edlule, izifundo eziningana nge-neuroscientific approach, ikakhulukazi i-imagination magontic resonance imaging (fMRI), zaqhutshwa ukuhlola ama-neural correlates wokubukela izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ngaphansi kwezimo zokuhlola kanye nama-neural correlates wokusebenzisa izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile. Njengoba kunikezwe imiphumela yangaphambilini, ukusetshenziselwa izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile kungaxhunyaniswa nezinqubo ezingaziwayo ze-neurobiological ezithinta ukuthuthukiswa kwezidakamizwa ezihlobene nezidakamizwa.

Okokugcina, sifingqa izifundo, eziphenyisisa ama-correlates ekusetshenzisweni kokusebenzisa izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingeni le-neural. Naphezu kokuntuleka kwezifundo ze-longitudinal, kuyacaca ukuthi izici ezihlonziwe emadodeni ezinomlutha wobulili yizona imiphumela hhayi izimbangela zokusebenzisa izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile. Iningi lezifundo libika ukuqina kokusebenza komsebenzi kumjikelezi wokuvuza ngokuphathelene nezinto zobulili kubasebenzisi bezithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingaphezu kwezihloko zokulawula, ezibonisa ukutholakala kwezidakamizwa ezihlobene nezidakamizwa. Imiphumela ephathelene nokunciphisa ukuhlaselwa kwe-prefrontal-striater-connectivity ezifundweni ezinomlutha wokulahla izithombe ezingcolile zingachazwa njengesibonakaliso sokulawulwa kwengqondo okungekho emthethweni ngokuziphatha komlutha.

13) Ingabe ukuziphatha ngokweqile ngokobulili kuyinkinga yokulutha? (Potenza et al., 2017) - Izingcaphuno:

Ukucindezeleka kokuziphatha ngokobulili (ukuhlinzwa njengengozi yokuxoshwa kwe-hypersexual) kwakucatshangwa ukuthi kufakwe ku-DSM-5 kodwa ekugcineni kungabandakanywa, naphezu kokukhiqizwa kwezinqubo ezisemthethweni nokuhlolwa kwesilingo. Lokhu kukhishwa kuye kwavimbela imizamo yokuvimbela, yokucwaninga, nokwelashwa, futhi abahlengikazi bashiya ngaphandle kokutholakala ngokusemthethweni kokucindezeleka kokuziphatha ngokocansi.

Ucwaningo nge-neurobiology yokuphoqelela ekuziphatheni kokuziphatha kobulili okubucayi kukhiqize okutholakele okuphathelene nokunaka kokunaka, izimfanelo zesisusa sokuqina, kanye nokusebenza kwengqondo okusekwe ebuchosheni okubonisa ukufana okukhulu nokuluthwa. Ukuphazamiseka kokuziphatha kobulili okuphoqelekile kuyaphakanyiswa njengokuphazamiseka kokulawula okungathinteki ku-ICD-11, kuhambisana nombono ohlongozwayo wokuthi ukunxanela, ukuqhubeka kokuzibandakanya yize kunemiphumela emibi, ukuzibandakanya kokuphoqelela, kanye nokulawulwa okuncishisiwe kumelela izici eziyinhloko zokuphazamiseka kokulawulwa kokuziphatha.

Lokhu kubuka kungenzeka kufanelekile ekuphazamisekeni kokulawulwa okuthile kwe-DSM-IV, ukugembula okuyizidakamizwa. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinto kudala zithathwa njengemaphakathi nokulutha, futhi ekuguqukeni kusuka ku-DSM-IV kuya ku-DSM-5, isigaba se-Impulse Control Disways Not Another Elsewhere Classified sakhiwa kabusha, lapho ukugembula kwe-pathological kwaqanjwa kabusha futhi kwahlanganiswa njengokuphazamiseka umlutha. Njengamanje, indawo eyalungiswa ye-beta ye-ICD-11 ibala ukuphazamiseka kokulawulwa kokuthatheka, futhi kufaka phakathi ukuphazamiseka kokuziphatha kobulili okucindezelayo, i-pyromania, i-kleptomania, kanye nokuphazamiseka kwezifo eziqhubekayo.

Ukucindezeleka kokuziphatha kocansi okuphoqeleka kubonakala kufanelana kahle nezinkinga ezingalona izidakamizwa ezihlongozwayo nge-ICD-11, ehambisana nesikhathi esincane sokuxilonga ngokobulili okwamanje okuhlongozwayo ukucindezela ukuziphatha kobulili kwi-website ye-ICD-11. Sikholelwa ukuthi ukuhlukaniswa kwengcindezi yokuziphatha ngokobulili njengesifo sokulutha kuyaphambene nedatha yamuva futhi kungase kuzuze odokotela, abacwaningi, kanye nabantu abathintekayo futhi bathinteke ngalesi sifo.

14) I-Neurobiology Yezokwelapha Zobulili Ezingcolile - Ukubuyekezwa komtholampilo (UDe Sousa & Lodha, 2017) - Izingcaphuno:

Ukubuyekezwa kokuqala kubheka i-neurobiology eyisisekelo yokulutha umlutha kanye nomjikelezo oyisisekelo wesifunda nezakhiwo ezihilelekile ngokuvamile kunoma yisiphi isisindo. Ukugxila kubuye kushintshwe ekubhekaneni nokulahla izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nezifundo ezenziwe kwi-neurobiology yalesi simo zibuyekezwa. Indima ye-dopamine ekugqilazweni kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ibuyekezwa kanye nendima yezakhi ezithile zobuchopho njengoba kuboniswa kwizifundo ze-MRI. Ucwaningo lwe-FMRI olubandakanya izenzo zobulili ezibukwayo olusetshenzisiwe luye lwasetshenziselwa kabanzi ukutadisha i-neuroscience ngemuva kokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nokuthola okuvela kulezi zifundo kugcizelelwe. Umthelela wokulahla izithombe zobulili ezingcolile emisebenzini ephakeme yokucabangisisa kanye nokusebenza okuphezulu nakho kugcizelelwe.

Ngokuphelele, izihloko ze-59 zikhonjisiwe ezibandakanya ukubuyekezwa, ukubuyekezwa kwe-mini kanye namaphepha okucwaninga okuqala ezindabeni zokusetshenziswa kocansi, ukulutha umuthi kanye neurobiology. Amaphepha okucwaninga ahlaziywe lapha ayegxile kulabo abakucacisa isisekelo se-neurobiological sokulahla izithombe zobulili ezingcolile. Sifake izifundo ezazinesayizi esampula yesampula kanye nendlela yokwenza umsindo ngokuhlaziywa kwezibalo ezifanele. Kukhona izifundo ezithile nabambalwa abahlanganyeli, uchungechunge lwamacala, imibiko yecala kanye nezifundo zokuziphatha ezibuye zahlaziywa kuleli phepha. Bobabili abalobi babukeze wonke amaphepha kanye nalabo abathintekayo kakhulu abakhethiwe kulobu buyekeza. Lokhu kwaphinde kwenezelwa ngokuhlangenwe nakho komtholampilo wabo bobabili abalobi abasebenza njalo neziguli lapho ukulutha ukuhlambalaza ngokocansi nokubuka kuyisimo esicindezelayo. Abalobi banokuhlangenwe nakho kwengqondo ngeziguli eziye zanezela ukubaluleka kokuqonda kwe-neurobiological.

15) Ubufakazi bePudding buyinkambinkimbi: Idatha iyadingeka ukuhlola amamodeli kanye nezizathu ezihlobene nezidingo zokucindezela ngokocansi (Compulsive Behaviorors)IGola & Potenza, 2018) - Izingcaphuno:

Njengoba kuchaziwe kwenye indawo (Kraus, Voon, & Potenza, 2016a), likhona inani elandayo lokushicilelwa kwi-CSB, elifinyelela ngaphezulu kwe-11,400 ngo-2015. Noma kunjalo, imibuzo eyisisekelo mayelana nokuqanjwa kwe-CSB ihlala ingaphenduliwe (Potenza, Gola, Voon, Kor, & Kraus, 2017). Kungaba kuhle ukucabangela ukuthi i-DSM ne- Ukuhlukaniswa Kwezifo Zomhlaba Wonke (I-ICD) isebenza ngokuqondene nezinqubo zokuchaza nezinqubo. Ngokwenza kanjalo, sicabanga ukuthi kufanelekile ukugxila ekubhekaneni kwezokugembula (okubizwa nangokuthi ukugembula kwezemvelo) nendlela okubhekwa ngayo ku-DSM-IV ne-DSM-5 (kanye ne-ICD-10 kanye ne-ICD-11 ezayo). Esikhathini se-DSM-IV, ukugembula okungokwemvelo kwahlukaniswa ngokuthi "Impikiswano-Ukulawulwa Kwengcindezi Akuyona Eyodwa Eyidalule." Ku-DSM-5, yaphinde yahlushwa ngokuthi "Izinto Ezihlobene Nezifo Nezimo Eziphuthumayo". Indlela efanayo kufanele isetshenziswe ku-CSB, okwamanje okucatshangelwa ukufakwa njengengxabano yokulawula ukucindezeleka ku-ICD-11 (Grant et al., 2014; Kraus et al., 2018) ....

Phakathi kwezizinda ezingahle ziphakamise ukufana phakathi kwe-CSB kanye nokuphazamiseka kokulutha izidakamizwa, ukuhlolwa kwezinhlelo ezithile zamuva okwenziwe yiWalton et al. (2017). Izifundo zokuqala zazivame ukuhlola i-CSB maqondana namamodeli wokulutha (kubuyekezwe eGola, Wordecha, Marchewka, & Sescousse, I-2016b; IKraus, Voon, nePotenza, I-2016b). Imodeli evelele-imfundiso yokuzikhuthaza (iRobinson neBerridge, 1993) - ithi kubantu abanemilutha, izinkomba ezihlobene nezinto zokuhlukumeza zingathola izindinganiso ezinamandla zokukhuthaza futhi zivuse ukulangazelela. Ukuphendula okunjalo kungahle kuhambisane nokusebenza kwezindawo zobuchopho okubandakanyeka ekusetshenzisweni komvuzo, kufaka phakathi i-ventral striatum. Imisebenzi ehlola ukwenziwa kabusha kwe-cue kanye nokucubungulwa kwemivuzo kungashintshwa ukuze kuphenywe imininingwane ethile (isb., Imali eqhathaniswa nezocansi) kumaqembu athile (iSescousse, iBarbalat, iDomenech, neDreher, 2013), futhi sisanda kusebenzisa lo msebenzi ukutadisha isampula yomtholampilo (Gola et al., 2017).

Sithole ukuthi abantu abafuna ukwelashwa ngokusetshenziswa okuyinkimbinkimbi kwezithombe zocansi kanye nokushaya indlwabu, uma kuqhathaniswa nokufaniswa (ngeminyaka, ubulili, imali engenayo, inkolo, inani lokuxhumana ngocansi nabalingani, ukuvuswa kocansi) izifundo zokulawula okunempilo, kukhombise ukwanda kabusha kwesimo sezinsizakalo kwezindaba zokuziphatha okubi. imivuzo, kodwa hhayi yemivuzo ehambisanayo hhayi yemisebenzi yezimali nemivuzo. Le ndlela yokusebenziseka kobuchopho ihambelana nombono wokukhuthaza kokunye futhi iphakamisa ukuthi isici esiyisihluthulelo se-CSB singabandakanya ukufaka into kabusha noma isifiso esenziwe yizinkolelo zokuqala zokungathathi hlangothi ezihambisana nomsebenzi wezocansi nokushukunyiswa kocansi.

Imininingwane eyengeziwe iphakamisa ukuthi eminye imijikelezo yobuchopho nezinqubo zingabandakanyeka ku-CSB, futhi lokhu kungafaka i-cterulate engaphandle, i-hippocampus ne-amygdala (Banca et al., 2016; Klucken, Wehrum-Osinsky, Schweckendiek, Kruse, & Stark, 2016; Voon et al., 2014). Phakathi kwalokhu, sicabange ukuthi isekethe le-amygdala elandisiwe elihlobene nokusebenza kabusha okuphezulu kwezinsongo nokukhathazeka lingahle lisebenze ikakhulukazi emtholampilo (iGola, Miyakoshi, & Sescousse, 2015; IGola & Potenza, 2016) ngokusekelwe ekuqapheliseni ukuthi abanye abantu be-CSB abakhona abanamazinga aphezulu okukhathazeka (Gola et al., 2017) kanye nezimpawu ze-CSB zingancishiswa kanye nokuncipha kwemithi ekukhathazekeni (iGola & Potenza, 2016) ...

16) Ukukhuthaza ukufundisa, ukuhlukaniswa, ukwelashwa, kanye nezinqubomgomo zenqubomgomo I-Commentary ku: Ukucindezeleka kokuziphatha ngokocansi ku-ICD-11 (UKraus et al., 2018) - Incwadi yokuhlola yezokwelapha esebenzisa kabanzi kakhulu emhlabeni, I-International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), iqukethe ukuxilongwa okusha efanelekile ukulutha izidakamizwa: "Ukucindezeleka Ngokuziphatha Ngokwemvelo"Okucaphuno:

Kubantu abaningi abahlangabezana namaphethini aqhubekayo obunzima noma okwehluleka ukulawula izifiso ezinamandla, eziphindaphindwayo zocansi noma izifiso eziholela ekuziphatheni ngokocansi okuhambisana nokucindezeleka noma ukukhubazeka okuphawuleka komuntu siqu, komndeni, kwezenhlalo, kwezemfundo, emsebenzini, noma kwezinye izindawo ezibalulekile zokusebenza, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukwazi ukuqamba nokukhomba inkinga yabo. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi abahlinzeki bokunakekelwa (okungukuthi, odokotela nabeluleki) abantu abangafuna kubo usizo bajwayelene nama-CSB. Phakathi nezifundo zethu ezibandakanya izihloko ezingaphezu kwe-3,000 ezifuna ukwelashwa kwe-CSB, sivame ukuzwa ukuthi abantu abaphethwe yi-CSB bahlangabezana nezithiyo eziningi ngesikhathi befuna usizo noma bexhumana nabahlengikazi (UDhuffar & Griffiths, 2016).

Iziguli zibika ukuthi odokotela bangasigwema lesi sihloko, basho ukuthi lezo zinkinga azikho, noma basikisela ukuthi umuntu unenkinga enkulu yezocansi, futhi kufanele ayamukele esikhundleni sokwelashwa (yize kunjalo kulaba bantu, ama-CSB angazizwa e-ego-dystonic bese ehola emiphumeleni emibi eminingi). Sikholwa ukuthi izindlela ezichazwe kahle zokungahambi kahle kwe-CSB zizothuthukisa imizamo yezemfundo kufaka phakathi ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokuqeqesha zendlela yokuhlola nokuphatha abantu abanezimpawu zokungahambi kahle kwe-CSB. Siyethemba ukuthi izinhlelo ezinjengalezi zizoba yingxenye yokuqeqeshwa kwabezempilo yezengqondo, nodokotela bengqondo, nabanye abahlinzeka ngemisebenzi yokunakekelwa kwempilo yengqondo, kanye nabanye abahlinzeki bezokunakekelwa okubandakanya abahlinzeki bokunakekelwa okuyisisekelo, njengodokotela abajwayelekile.

Imibuzo eyisisekelo mayelana nendlela engcono yokucabanga ngayo i-CSB disorder futhi inikeze ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kufanele iqondiswe. Isiphakamiso samanje sokuhlukanisa izifo ze-CSB njengengcindezi yokulawula ukucindezela ingxabano njengamanye amamodeli aphakanyisiwe (Kor, Fogel, Reid, & Potenza, 2013). Kukhona idatha ebonisa ukuthi i-CSB yabelana ngezici eziningi ngezidakamizwa (UKraus et al., 2016), kufaka phakathi idatha yakamuva ebonisa ukukhishwa kwemisebenzi ephakeme yokwaziswa kwemivuzo ekuphenduleni imibono ehambisana nokukhohliswa okungahambi kahle (Umkhiqizo, uSnagowski, uLaier, noMaderwald, 2016; IGola, i-Wordecha, iMarchewka, neSescousse, ngo-2016; UGola et al., 2017; IKlucken, Wehrum-Osinsky, Schweckendiek, Kruse, & Stark, 2016; IVoon et al., 2014).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, idatha yokuqala ibonisa ukuthi i-naltrexone, umuthi onenkomba yokuphazamiseka kokusetshenziswa kotshwala ne-opioid, ingasiza ekwelapheni ama-CSB (IKraus, Meshberg-Cohen, Martino, Quinones, & Potenza, 2015; URaymond, uGrant, noColeman, 2010). Ngokuphathelene nesigaba se-CSB esihlongozwayo se-disorder njengengcindezi yokulawula ukucindezela, kunedatha ebonisa ukuthi abantu abafuna ukwelashwa ngesimo esisodwa se-CSB disorder, izithombe zobulili ezingcolile eziyinkimbinkimbi zisebenzisa, azifani ngokungahambisani nomphakathi. Kunalokho kunikezwa ukukhathazeka okwenyuka (IGola, iMiyakoshi, neSescousse, 2015; UGola et al., 2017), futhi ukwelashwa kwemithi okubhekise ekuboniseni ukukhathazeka kungase kube usizo ekunciphiseni ezinye izimpawu ze-CSB (IGola & Potenza, 2016). Nakuba kungase kungakakwenzeka ukudweba iziphetho ezicacile mayelana nokuhlukaniswa, idatha eminingi ibonakala isekela ukuhlukaniswa njengesiyaluyalu somlutha uma kuqhathaniswa nesifo sokulawula umfutho (UKraus et al., 2016), futhi ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka ukuhlola ubuhlobo nezinye izimo zengqondo (UPotenza et al., 2017).

17) Ukuziphatha Ngokweqile Kwezocansi Kubantu Namamodeli Wokuqapha (2018) - Izingcaphuno:

Ukuziphatha kocansi okucindezelayo (CSB) kubhekwa kabanzi ngokuthi "ukulutha ukuziphatha," futhi kuyisongo esikhulu emkhakheni wokuphila kanye kokubili impilo engokwengqondo nengqondo. Kodwa-ke, i-CSB iye yaphuza ukuba ibonakale emtholampilo njengengculazi yokuxilongwa. I-CSB ihlukumezeka ngokukhathazeka kokukhathazeka kanye nokuphazamiseka kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, nokucwaninga kwamanje kwe-neuroimaging kubonise ukuhlukunyezwa kwe-neural pathologies okwabiwe noma okwadlula, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezibuchopho ezilawula ukuqina okugqugquzelayo nokulawula okuvimbelayo. Ucwaningo lwama-clinical neuroimaging lubukeziwe oluye lwabona izinguquko zesakhiwo kanye / noma umsebenzi ku-prefrontal cortex, i-amygdala, i-striatum, ne-thalamus kubantu abahlukunyezwa yi-CSB. Imodeli yokuhlolisisa i-neural underpinnings ye-CSB kumagundane wesilisa ixoxwa ngokuhambisana nenqubo yokukhwabanisa yokuhlola ukuhlola ukufuna ukuziphatha ngokocansi naphezu kwemiphumela emibi eyaziwayo.

Ngenxa yokuthi izikhwama ze-CSB zinezinye izifo ezicindezelayo, okungukuthi, ukulutha kwezidakamizwa, ukuqhathaniswa kokufundwa kwe-CSB, nezihloko ezilutha izidakamizwa, kungase kube usizo ukukhomba izifo ezivamile ze-neural pathologies ezixhumanisa ukuxilongwa kwezidakamizwa. Ngempela, ucwaningo oluningi luye lwabonisa amaphethini afanayo emisebenzi ye-neural kanye nokuxhumana phakathi kwezakhiwo zomzimba ezibandakanya kokubili i-CSB nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezingapheli [87-89].

Ekuphetheni, lokhu kubuyekezwa kufingqa izifundo zokuziphatha nezokucwaninga nge-CSB kubantu kanye nokuhlukunyezwa nezinye izinkinga, kuhlanganise nokusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa. Ngokubodwa, lezi zifundo zibonisa ukuthi i-CSB ihlobene nokuguqulwa komsebenzi ekuguquleni i-cingulate ne-prefrontal cortex, i-amygdala, i-striatum, ne-thalamus, ngaphezu kokunciphisa uxhumano phakathi kwe-amygdala ne-prefrontal cortex. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imodeli eqondile ye-CSB kwamagundane wesilisa yachazwa, kufaka phakathi ubufakazi obusha bokuguqulwa kwe-neural ku-mPFC ne-OFC ehambisana nokulahlekelwa ukulawulwa kokuvimbela ukuziphatha ngokobulili. Le modeli yokunqanda impela inikeza ithuba eliyingqayizivele lokuhlola izicabangela eziyinhloko ukuze zibone izimbangela zokuqala kanye nezimbangela eziyinhloko ze-CSB kanye nokungahambisani nezinye izifo.

18) Izidakamizwa zobulili kwi-Internet Era (2018) - Ingcaphuno:

Isifiso esiphansi sobulili, ukwaneliseka okuncishisiwe kwezocansi, kanye nokukhubazeka kwe-erectile (ED) kuya ngokuya kuvama kubantu abasha. Ocwaningweni lwaseNtaliyane oluvela ku-2013, kuze kufinyelele kuma-25% ezifundo ezihlushwa i-ED zingaphansi kweminyaka engama-40 [1], futhi ocwaningweni olufanayo olushicilelwe ngonyaka we-2014, ngaphezu kwengxenye yamadoda aseCanada enza ucansi phakathi kweminyaka engu-16 no-21. wahlushwa uhlobo oluthile lokuphazamiseka kobulili [2]. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukwanda kwezindlela zokuphila ezingezinhle ezihambisana ne-organic ED azikashintshi kakhulu noma kwehle kumashumi eminyaka edlule, kuphakamisa ukuthi i-psychogenic ED isekhuphukeni [3].

I-DSM-IV-TR ichaza ezinye zezimilo ezinezimfanelo ze-hedonic, ezinjengokugembula, ukuyothenga, indlela yokuziphatha kwezocansi, ukusetshenziswa kwe-Intanethi, nokusebenzisa umdlalo wevidiyo, ngokuthi "ukuphazamiseka kokulawula okungekhona okuhlukaniswe kwenye indawo" -ngokwenele lokhu kuvame ukuchazwa njengokuluthwa kokuziphatha [4] ]. Uphenyo lwakamuva luveze ukuthi indima yokuluthwa umkhuba kokungaziphathi kahle kwezocansi: ukuguqulwa ezindleleni ze-neurobiological ezithintekayo ekuphenduleni kwezocansi kungaba ngumphumela wesisusa esiphindaphindwayo, esingajwayelekile semvelaphi ehlukahlukene.

Phakathi kwezidakamizwa zokuziphatha, ukusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi okuyizinkinga kanye nokusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuyi-Internet kuvame ukukhonjwa njengokungathi kunengozi yokuhlukumezeka ngokocansi, kaningi kungekho nomngcele oqondile phakathi kwezimo ezimbili. Abasebenzisi be-intanethi bakhangwa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi ngenxa yokungaziwa, ukukwazi ukukwazi ukukwazi, nokutholakala kalula, futhi ezimweni eziningi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kungabangela abasebenzisi ngokusebenzisa umlutha wocansi lwe-inthanethi: kulezi zimo, abasebenzisi kungenzeka bakhohlwe indima "yokuziphendukela kwemvelo" yokuthola ucansi, ukuthola injabulo eyengeziwe ekuzikhetheleni okuzikhethela ngokobulili kunokuba ulale emzimbeni.

Ezincwadini, abacwaningi abahambisani nokusebenza okuhle nokubi kwezithombe ezingcolile zobulili. Kusukela kumbono omubi, limelela imbangela eyinhloko yokuziphatha okuphoqeleka kwe-masturbatory, ukulutha kwe-inthanethi ye-cyber, ngisho nokusebenza kabi kwe-erectile.

19) Izindlela zokuzicabangela izinkinga ekucindezelweni kokuziphatha ngokocansi (2018) - Izingcaphuno:

Kuze kube manje, ucwaningi oluningi lokuziphendulela ngokweqile ngokuziphatha okubi ngokocansi luhlinzekele ubufakazi bokusebenzisa izindlela eziqhamuka ezithinta ukuziphatha kobulili nokucindezela okungezona ngokocansi. Ukuziphatha ngokweqile ngokobulili kuhlotshaniswa nokusebenza okushintshiwe ezindaweni ezibuchopho kanye namanethiwekhi okubandakanyeka ekukhuthazeni, ukuhlala, ukuguqulwa kokucindezeleka, nokubuyisela ukucubungula emaphethini afana nokusebenzisa izinto, ukugembula, kanye nokulutha ukubheja. Izizinda zobuchopho ezihlobene nezici ze-CSB zihlanganisa i-cortices yangaphambili neyesikhashana, i-amygdala, ne-striatum, kuhlanganise ne-nucleus accumbens.

I-CSBD ifakwe phakathi kwenguqulo yamanje yamanjeI-ICD-11 njenge-disorder-control control disorder [39]. Njengoba kuchaziwe yi-WHO, 'Ukuphazamiseka kokulawula umfutho kubonakala ngokuhluleka okuphindaphindiwe ukumelana nomfutho, ukushayela noma ukukhuthaza ukwenza isenzo esivuzayo kumuntu, okungenani ngesikhathi esifushane, naphezu kwemiphumela efana nesikhathi eside -kulimaza umuntu noma abanye, ukucindezeleka okuphawulekayo ngephethini yokuziphatha, noma ukukhubazeka okukhulu emndenini, emndenini, ezenhlalakahle, ezemfundo, emsebenzini, noma kwezinye izindawo ezibalulekile zokusebenza '[39]. Izibalo zamuva ziphakamisa imibuzo ebalulekile mayelana nokuhlelwa kwe-CSBD. Iziphazamiso eziningi ezibhekene nokungaziphathi kahle-zilawulwa kwezinye izindawo I-ICD-11 (isibonelo, ukugembula, ukugembula, nokuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa izidakamizwa kubhekwa njengenkinga yokulutha) [123].

20) Ukuqonda Okwamanje I-Neuroscience Yezenzo Zokucindezela Ukuziphatha Kokuziphatha Ngokobulili Nokucindezeleka Ngenkinga Yokusetshenziswa Sebenzisa (2018) - Izingcaphuno:

Ucwaningo lwamuva lwe-neurobiological lwembula ukuthi ukuziphatha okucindezelayo ngokocansi kuhlotshaniswa nokusetshenziselwa ukushintshwa kwezinto zocansi kanye nokuhlukahluka kohlaka lobuchopho kanye nomsebenzi.

Ukuthola okufingqiwe ekubukisweni kwethu kusikisela ukufaniswa okuhambisana nokulutha okuhlobene nokuziphatha nokuphathelene nezidakamizwa, okwabelana okuningi okungavamile okutholakala kwe-CSBD (njengokubuyekezwe ku- [127]). Yize kungaphesheya kobubanzi bombiko wamanje, izidakamizwa nezidakamizwa zendlela yokuziphatha zikhonjiswe ngokucubungula okusetshenziselwa ukuguqulwa kwe-reactivity ekhokhelwe izinyathelo ezizithobayo, zokuziphatha, nezindlela ze-neurobiological (ukubuka okubukeziwe kanye nokubuyekezwa: [128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133]; utshwala: [134, 135]; i-cocaine: [136, 137]; ugwayi: [138, 139]; ukugembula: [140, 141]; Imidlalo: [142, 143]). Imiphumela mayelana nokuxhumeka kokusebenza okusebenzayo kombuso kubonisa ukufana phakathi kwe-CSBD nezinye izidakamizwa [144, 145].

Nakuba izifundo ezimbalwa ze-CSBD ziqhutshwa kuze kube yimanje, idatha ekhona ikhombisa ukungalingani kwe-neurobiological ukwabelana ngokuhlanganyela nezinye izithasiselo ezifana nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa nokuhlukunyezwa kwezokugembula. Ngakho-ke, idatha ekhona ikhombisa ukuthi ukuhlukaniswa kwayo kungase kube kangcono njengendlela yokulutha ukuziphatha kunokuba i-disorder-control control disorder.

21) I-Ventral Striatal Reactivity ezithintekayo zobulili (2018) - Okucaphuno:

Ukunciphisa Ngokweqhaza Ngokwecansi (CSB) kuyisizathu sokufuna ukwelashwa. Njengoba kunikezwe lokhu, inani lezifundo ze-CSB liye landa kakhulu eminyakeni eyishumi edlule futhi i-World Health Organization (WHO) ihlanganisa i-CSB ekuphakamisweni kwayo kwe-ICD-11 ezayo ... Kusukela ekubambeni kwethu, kufanelekile ukuphenya ukuthi ngabe i-CSB ingahlukaniswa ngama-subtypes amabili ahlukaniswe: (1) ukuziphatha okubi kobulili obuhlukile, kanye (2) okuziphatha okuzimele kobulili kanye nezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezibukele (48, 49).

Isibalo sezifundo ezitholakalayo kwi-CSB (kanye nabasebenzisi abangaphansi kwemitholampilo yabasebenzisi bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile) zikhula njalo. Phakathi kwezifundo ezitholakalayo okwamanje, sakwazi ukuthola izincwadi ezingu-9 (ithebula 1) okusetshenziselwa ukufaneka kwemifanekiso ephezulu yokusebenza. Kuphela kwabane kuphela (36-39) uphenyo ngokuqondile ukucubungula izici ezithintekayo kanye / noma umvuzo kanye nokuthola okutholwe ngokuphathelene nokusebenza kwe-ventral striatum. Ucwaningo oluthathu lubonisa ukukhula okuqhubekayo kwe-ventral yokuhlasela okuyingozi (36-39) noma okushiwo ukubikezela lesi simiso (36-39). Lezi zitholakele zihambisana ne-Incentive Salience Theory (IST) (28), esinye sezihlaka ezivelele kakhulu ezichaza ukusebenza kobuchopho ekudakiseni. Ukusekelwa kuphela komunye uhlaka lwamacebo okubikezela ukungazenzisi kwe-ventral striatum ngokweqile, inkolelo ye-RDS (29, 30), ivela kancane kusuka kwesifundo esisodwa (37), lapho abantu abane-CSB beveze ukuqaliswa kwe-ventral engezansi kwezinto ezijabulisayo uma kuqhathaniswa nezilawuli.

22) Ukubheja Okubhebhetheka Ku-Inthanethi: Okuthi Siyazi Nalokho Esingazikho-Ukubuyekezwa Okuhlelekile (i-2019)- Izingcaphuno:

Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, kuye kwaba negagasi lezindatshana ezihlobene nokuluthwa kokuziphatha; ezinye zazo zigxile ekuluthweni kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile. Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kwayo yonke imizamo, asikwazi ukubhala imininingwane yakho uma siziphatha ngale ndlela. Izinkinga ezijwayelekile zifaka: isampula yokubandlulula, ukufuna izinsimbi zokuxilonga, ukuqonda okuphikisanayo nodaba, nokuthi iqiniso leli bhizinisi lingafakwa ngaphakathi kwe-pathology enkulu (ie, umlutha wobulili) ongaziveza unophawu olubanzi kakhulu. Imilutha yokuziphatha ngokuziphatha iba ngumkhakha wokufunda ongafakwanga lutho, futhi imvamisa ikhombisa imodeli yokusebenzisa inkinga: ukulahleka kokulawula, ukuphazamiseka, kanye nokusebenzisa okuyingozi.

Isifo se-Hypersexual silingana nale modeli futhi singase siqhathaniswe nezindlela zokuziphatha zocansi eziningana, njengokusebenzisa okuyinkinga kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile online (POPU). Ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ku-inthanethi kuyanda, okunamandla okulutha ngokubheka ithonya le "kathathu A" (ukutholakala, ukufinyeleleka, ukungaziwa). Lokhu kusetshenziswa okuyinkinga kungaba nemiphumela emibi ekuthuthukiseni ezocansi kanye nokusebenza ngocansi, ikakhulukazi kubantu abasha.

Njengoba sisazi, iziningi zezifundo zamuva zisekela le nhlangano njengesiyaluyalu nemibonakaliso ebalulekile yomtholampilo njengokungasebenzi kocansi nokunganeliseki ngokobulili. Iningi lomsebenzi okhona usekelwe ocwaningweni olufanayo olwenziwe ngezidakamizwa ezingokwemvelo, ngokusekelwe ekucabangeni kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuyi-intanethi njenge-'promorormal stimulus 'ngokuhambisana nomuthi wangempela, ozosetshenziswa ngokuqhubekayo, ongabangela ukukhubazeka komlutha. Kodwa-ke, imiqondo efana nokubekezelelana nokuziyeka ingakabonakali ngokucacile ukuze ikwazi ukubhaliswa kokulutha, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ibe yingxenye ebalulekile yocwaningo oluzayo. Okwamanje, inhlangano yokuxilonga ehlanganisa ukuziphatha kobulili ihlanganisiwe ku-ICD-11 ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo kwemitholampilo yamanje, futhi ngokuqinisekile iyoba usizo ukubhekana neziguli ezinalezi zimpawu ezicela usizo lwabahlengikazi.

23) Ukutholakala kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezidakamizwa ezingcolile ze-inthanethi: izici ezithinta umuntu ngamunye, izindlela zokuqinisa nezindlela ze-neural (2019) - Izingcaphuno:

Ukuqalwa kanye nentuthuko yomlutha we-cybersex zinezigaba ezimbili ezinokuhlelwa kokuma ngokwezimo zakudala kanye nesimo sokusebenza. Okokuqala, abantu abathile basebenzisa i-cybersex ngezikhathi ezithile ngenxa yokuzijabulisa nokufuna ukwazi. Kulesi sigaba, ukusetshenziswa kwamadivaysi e-inthanethi kubhangqwe ngovuko lwezocansi futhi Imiphumela yokuma kwesimo sangaphambilini, kuholela ekuzweliseni izinkomba ezihlobene ne-cybersex ezivusa inkanuko enkulu. Ukuba sengozini ngakunye kubuye kusize ukuzwela kokuphathelene ne-cybersex. Esigabeni sesibili, abantu basebenzisa i-cybersex kaningi ukwanelisa izifiso zabo zobulili noma Ngale nqubo, ukucabanga okuhlobene nokuphathelene ne-cybersex njengokulindela okuhle kwe-cybersex kanye nendlela yokusebenza yokubhekana nokusebenzisa imizwa engemihle iyaqiniswa, leyo mikhwa yomuntu siqu ehlobene. ngomlutha we-cybersex njenge-narcissism, ukufuna imizwa yezocansi, ukuthokozela ucansi, ukusetshenziswa budedengu kocansi nakho kuqiniswa kahle, ngenkathi ukuphazamiseka kobuntu obujwayelekile njengokuthuka, ukuzithemba okuphansi kanye ne-psychopathologies njengokucindezelwa, ukukhathazeka kuqiniswa ngokungafanele.

Ukushoda kokusebenza okuphezulu kwenzeka ngenxa yokusebenzisa isikhathi eside kwe-cybersex. Ukuxhumana kokusweleka kokusebenza okuphezulu kanye nokufisa okukhulu kukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa nokulondolozwa Kokulutha kwe-cybersex. Abaphenyi abasebenzisa amathuluzi we-electrophysiological and brain imaging ikakhulu ukutadisha umlutha we-cybersex bathola ukuthi imilutha ye-cybersex ingaqala ukukhula ngokulangazelela okuqinile kwe-cybersex lapho ibhekene nezinto ezihlobene ne-cybersex, kepha izizwa incipha futhi ingemnandi uma uyisebenzisa. Ucwaningo luhlinzeka ngobufakazi bokunxanela okukhulu okubangelwa yizinto ezihlobene ne-cybersex nomsebenzi wesigungu esiphezulu.

Ekuphetheni, abantu abasengozini yokulutha ngocansi lwe-inthanethi abakwazi ukuyeka ukusetshenziswa kwe-inthanethi ngocansi ngokulangazelela okukhulu ngocansi lwe-inthanethi nokusebenza okungaphethe kahle, kepha bazizwa benelisekile kancane lapho bekusebenzisa, futhi bafune izinto ezingcolile zobulili ezingaphezulu online ngentengo yesikhathi nemali eningi. Lapho nje benciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-inthanethi noma bevele beyiyeka, bazobhekana nochungechunge lwemiphumela emibi njengokucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, ukungasebenzi kahle kokuqina, ukungabikho kovuko lwezocansi.

24) Imibono, ukuvikela, kanye nokwelashwa kokuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile (2019)- Izingcaphuno:

Ukubandakanyeka kokuziphatha kobulili okuphoqelekile, kufaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa kwezinkinga zocansi okuyinkinga, kufakiwe kwi-ICD-11 njenge-impulse control disorder. Izindlela zokuxilonga zale nkinga, kepha, ziyefana kakhulu nezindlela zokuphazamiseka ngenxa yokuziphatha okuluthayo, ngokwesibonelo ukuphindisela okwenziwa ngocansi kube yinto ekugxilwe kuyo kakhulu empilweni yomuntu, imizamo engaphumelelanga yokunciphisa kakhulu ukuphindeka kokuziphatha ocansini nokuqhubeka kokuziphatha ocansini okuphindayo yize uhlangabezana nemiphumela engemihle (WHO, 2019). Abaphenyi abaningi nodokotela baveza ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi okuyinkinga kungabhekwa njengokulutha kokuziphatha.

Ukwenza kabusha izinto kanye nokunxanela kuhlanganiswe nokulawulwa okuncishisiwe kokuvinjwa, ukuqonda okusobala (isb. Ukuthambekela kwendlela) kanye nokuthola ukwaneliseka nokunxeshezelwa okuhlobene nokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi kubonisiwe kubantu abanezimpawu zokuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile. Ucwaningo lwe-Neurosci science luqinisekisa ukubandakanyeka kokujikeleza kobuchopho okuhlobene nomlutha, kufaka phakathi i-ventral striatum kanye nezinye izingxenye ze-loonto ye-fronto-striatal, ekwakhiweni nasekugcinweni kokusetshenziswa kwezinkinga zobulili ezingcolile. Imibiko yecala kanye nezifundo ezifakazelwa ubuciko ziphakamisa ukusebenza kokungenelela kwemithi, ngokwesibonelo i-opioid antagonist naltrexone, ekwelapheni abantu abanenkinga yokusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nokuphazamiseka kokuziphatha kocansi okuphoqelekile.

Ukucatshangelwa kwe-theoretical kanye nobufakazi obunamandla kubonisa ukuthi izindlela ezingokwengqondo nezokusebenza kwengqondo ezibandakanyeka ekuphazamiseni umlutha nazo ziyasebenza ekuphazamiseni ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile.

25) Ukusetshenziswa Kokubona Kwezithombe Ezingcolile Ezinobunzima: Imodeli Ehlanganayo evela kuCwaningo Lokulawulwa Kwezizinda Nokubuka Kwemvelo (2019) - Izingcaphuno

Ukusetshenziswa okuyinkinga kwenkinga yezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kubonakala kuhlobene nezinto eziningi zokuhlaziya nezinhlelo ezihlukile kulokho okwenziwa emzimbeni. Ngokusekelwe kokutholakele ngaphakathi kwe-RDoC paradigm echazwe ngenhla, kungenzeka ukudala imodeli yokuhlangana lapho amayunithi ahlukene wokuhlaziya athinta omunye nomunye (Umdwebo 1). Kuvela ukuthi amazinga aphezulu e-dopamine, akhona ekusebenzeni okungokwemvelo kohlelo lomvuzo oluhlobene nomsebenzi wezocansi ne-orgasm, aphazamisa ukulawulwa kohlelo lwe-VTA-NAc kubantu ababika i-SPPPU. Lokhu kudonsela phansi kuholela ekusebenzeni okukhulu kohlelo lwemivuzo kanye nokwanda kwesimo okuhlobene nokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile, ukukhuthaza indlela yokuziphatha kwezinto ezingcolile zobulili ngenxa yokwanda kwe-dopamine kuma-nucleus accumbens.

Ukuqhubeka nokuvezwa kokutholakala kwezithombe zocansi ezisheshayo futhi ezitholakala kalula kubonakala kudala ukungalingani ohlelweni lwe-mesolimbic dopaminergic. Le dopamine eyeqile isebenzisa izindlela zokuphuma ze-GABA, ikhiqiza i-dynorphin njengomkhiqizo, ovimbela i-dopamine neurons. Lapho i-dopamine incipha, kukhishwa i-acetylcholine futhi ingaveza isimo sokuphindisela (Hoebel et al. 2007), kwakha uhlelo lomvuzo olubi olutholakala esigabeni sesibili samamodeli wokulutha. Lokhu kungalingani kubuye kuhlotshaniswe nokushintshela ekusetshenzisweni kokugwema, okubonwa kubantu ababika ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi eziyinkinga…. Lezi zinguquko ezinqubweni zangaphakathi nezokuziphatha phakathi kwabantu abane-SPPPU ziyefana nalezo ezibonwa kubantu abanemilutha yezidakamizwa, kanye nemephu yezinhlobo zokulutha (Love et al. 2015).

26) Umlutha we-cybersex: ukubuka konke ukuthuthukiswa nokwelashwa kwesifo esivele sivele (2020) - Izingcaphuno:

Umlutha we-cybersex uwumlutha ohlobene nezinto ezingekho into ezibandakanya ezenzweni zocansi eziku-inthanethi ku-inthanethi. Namuhla, izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinto ezihlobene nezocansi noma izithombe zocansi zitholakala kalula ngemidiya ye-inthanethi. E-Indonesia, ucansi luvame ukuthathwa njengengafaneleki kepha iningi labantu abasha liye lavezwa ezingcolile. Kungaholela ekutheni umlutha ube nemiphumela eminingi emibi kubasebenzisi, njengobudlelwano, imali nezinkinga zengqondo ezinjengokudangala okukhulu nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo.

27) Yiziphi Izimo Okufanele Zithathwe Njengezinkinga Ekuhlukanisweni Kwezifo Ngamazwe Ngamazwe (ICD-11) Ukuqokwa “Kokunye Ukuphazamiseka Okucacisiwe Ngenxa Yezithintelo Zokulutha”? (2020) - Ukubuyekezwa kochwepheshe bokulutha kuphetha ngokuthi ukuphazamiseka kokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuyimo efanele ukutholakala nesigaba se-ICD-11 "okunye ukuphazamiseka okubekiwe ngenxa yokuziphatha okuluthayo". Ngamanye amagama, ukusetshenziswa kwe-porn okuphoqayo kubukeka njengeminye imilutha eyaziwayo. Izicashunwa:

Ukubandakanyeka kokuziphatha kobulili okuphoqelekile, njengoba kufakiwe esigabeni se-ICD-11 sokuphazamiseka kokulawulwa kokuthatheka, kungahle kube nezindlela eziningi zokuziphatha zocansi kufaka nokubukwa ngokweqile kwezithombe zocansi okwenzeka into efanelekile emtholampilo (Umkhiqizo, iBlycker, & Potenza, 2019; I-Kraus et al., I-2018). Ukuhlukaniswa kokwehlukaniswa kokuziphatha kobulili okuphoqelekile kuye kwaxoxwa ngakho (IDerbyshire & Grant, 2015), nababhali abathile bephakamisa ukuthi uhlaka lomlutha lufaneleke kakhulu (IGola & Potenza, 2018), okungaba ikakhulukazi ikakhulukazi kubantu abahlupheka ngokuqondile ezinkingeni ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi hhayi kwezinye izindlela zokuziphatha zocansi eziphoqayo noma ezingaphoqelekile (IGola, iLeccukuk, neSkorko, 2016; IKraus, Martino, & Potenza, 2016).

Imihlahlandlela yokuxilonga yokuphazamiseka kwemidlalo yabelana ngezici ezimbalwa nalezo zokuziphatha kokuya ocansini okuphoqayo futhi zingase zamukelwe ngokuguqula "umdlalo" ube "ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi." Lezi zici ezintathu ezibalulekile zithathwe njengemaphakathi nokusetshenziswa okuyinkinga kokusebenzisa izithombe zocansi (Umkhiqizo, uBlycker, et al., 2019) futhi zibonakale zilingana ngokufanele ukucatshangelwa okuyisisekelo (I-Fig. 1). Ucwaningo oluningi lukhombise ukuhambisana kwemitholampilo (umbandela 1) wokusebenzisa kabi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, okuholele ekuphazamisekeni okusebenzayo empilweni yansuku zonke kufaka nengcuphe umsebenzi nobudlelwano bomuntu siqu, kanye nokwenza izizathu zokwelashwa (IGola & Potenza, 2016; IKraus, Meshberg-Cohen, Martino, Quinones, & Potenza, 2015; IKraus, Voon, & Potenza, 2016). Ezifundweni eziningi nasezihlokweni zokubukeza, amamodeli kusuka ocwaningweni lomlutha (inqubo 2) asetshenziselwe ukuthola izithonjana nokuchaza imiphumela (Umkhiqizo, ama-Antons, Wegmann, & Potenza, 2019; Umkhiqizo, Wegmann, et al., 2019; Brand, Young, et al., 2016; I-Stark et al., I-2017; I-Wéry, i-Deleuze, iCanale, neBillieux, i-2018). Imininingwane evela ekuzibonakaliseni ngokwakho, ekuziphatheni, ku-electrophysiological, kanye nasezinkulumweni ze-neuroimaging zibonisa ukubandakanyeka kwezinqubo zokusebenza kwengqondo kanye nokuqondiswa okungaphansi kwe-neural okuye kwaphenywa futhi kwasungulwa ukuthi kube namazinga ahlukahlukene wokuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa izidakamizwa kanye nokuphazamiseka kokugembula / imidlalo (inkomba 3). Izimo zezomnotho eziphawulwe ocwaningweni lwangaphambilini zifaka ukwenziwa kabusha kwengqondo nokunxanela okuhambisana nokwanda komsebenzi ezindaweni ezihlobene nomvuzo ezihlobene nokuthola umvuzo, ukunakwa kokunaka, ukwenza izinqumo ezingathandekiyo, kanye (nokulawula okuthize) kokuthintela (isib. I-Antons & Brand, 2018; I-Antons, Mueller, et al., 2019; I-Antons, iTrotzke, Wegmann, neBrand, 2019; UBothe et al., 2019; Umkhiqizo, uSnagowski, uLaier, noMaderwald, 2016; I-Gola et al., 2017; IKlucken, Wehrum-Osinsky, Schweckendiek, Kruse, & Stark, 2016; Kowalewska et al., 2018; I-Mechelmans et al., 2014; I-Stark, i-Klucken, i-Potenza, i-Brand, ne-Strahler, i-2018; I-Voon et al., I-2014).

Ngokusekelwa ebufakazini obuhlaziwe maqondana nezinqubo ezintathu zokuphakanyiswa kwe-meta, siphakamisa ukuthi ukuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kungumbandela ongatholakala ngesigaba se-ICD-11 "okunye ukuphazamiseka okubekiwe ngenxa yokuziphatha okuluthayo" kususelwa kulokho okuthathu okungukhiye Izindlela zokuphazamiseka kwemidlalo, eziguquliwe maqondana nokubukwa kwezithombe zocansi (Umkhiqizo, uBlycker, et al., 2019). Eyodwa conditio sine qua non uma ubheka inkinga yokusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ngaphakathi kwalesi sigaba kungaba ukuthi umuntu lowo uhlupheka kuphela futhi ikakhulukazi ekunciphiseni kokulawulwa kokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi (kulezi zinsuku ezitholakala ezingcolile ezikwi-inthanethi ezimweni eziningi), ezingahambelani nokunye ukuziphatha okucindezelayo kokuya ocansini (I-Kraus et al., I-2018). Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kuziphatha kufanele kubhekwe njengokuziphatha okuluthayo kuphela uma kuhlobene nokulimazeka kokusebenza futhi uthola nemiphumela emibi empilweni yansuku zonke, njengoba kunjalo nangengxaki yokudlala (Billieux et al., 2017; I-World Health Organization, i-2019). Kodwa-ke, siphawula ukuthi ukuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kungenzeka kutholakale ukuthi kunesifo samanje se-ICD-11 senkinga yokuziphatha kokuya ocansini okucatshangwa ukuthi ukubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nokuziphatha okuhambisana njalo nokuziphatha kocansi (ukushaya indlwabu kaningi kepha okungenzeka kube neminye imisebenzi yezocansi kubandakanya ucansi oluhlanganyelwayo) uhlangabezane nenqubo yokuphazamiseka kokuziphatha kokuya ocansini okuphoqayo (IKraus & Sweeney, 2019). Ukuxilongwa kokukhubazeka kokuziphatha kobulili okucindezelayo kungahle kulungele abantu abangasebenzisi nje kuphela izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, kodwa futhi abahlushwa ezinye izinto zokuziphatha zocansi ezihlobene nobulili ezingcolile. Ukuxilongwa kokuphazamiseka kokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile njengokunye ukuphazamiseka okucacile ngenxa yokuziphatha okuluthayo kungaba ngokwanele kubantu abahlushwa kuphela ukubukwa kwezithombe zocansi okungalawulwa kahle (ezimeni eziningi ezihambisana nokushaya indlwabu). Ukuthi noma umehluko phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi ku-inthanethi nokungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi kungasiza okwamanje, okubuye kube yindaba yokudlala online / okungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi (IKirály & Demetrovics, 2017).

28) Isimo Sokulutha Sokuziphatha Okucindezelayo Kocansi kanye Nokusetshenziswa Kwezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Eziku-inthanethi: Isibuyekezo (2020) - Izingcaphuno:

Ukutholakala okutholakalayo kuphakamisa ukuthi kunezici eziningana ze-CSBD ne-POPU ezihambisana nezici zokulutha, nokuthi ukungenelela okusizayo ekubhekiseni ukulutha kokuziphatha kanye nezidakamizwa kuqinisekisa ukucutshungulwa nokusetshenziswa ekusekeleni abantu abane-CSBD ne-POPU. Ngenkathi kungekho zilingo ezingahleliwe zokwelashwa kwe-CSBD noma i-POPU, abaphikisi be-opioid, ukwelashwa kokuziphatha kwengqondo, kanye nokungenelela okususelwa emqondweni kubonakala kukhombisa ukuthembisa ngesisekelo semibiko ethile yamacala.

I-neurobiology ye-POPU ne-CSBD ifaka phakathi ama-correlates amaningi we-neuroanatomical ahlanganyelwe anezinkinga ezisungulwe zokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, izindlela ezifanayo ze-neuropsychological, kanye nokuguqulwa okuvamile kwe-neurophysiological ohlelweni lomvuzo we-dopamine.

Izifundo eziningana zikhombe amaphethini abiwe we-neuroplasticity phakathi kokulutha ngokocansi kanye nezinkinga zokulutha ezisungulwe.

Ukubukisa ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ngokweqile, ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi ezeqile kunomthelela omubi ezizindeni eziningi zokusebenza, ukukhubazeka kanye nosizi.

29) Ukuziphatha okungasebenzi kahle kocansi: incazelo, okuqukethwe komtholampilo, amaphrofayli we-neurobiological kanye nokwelashwa (i-2020) - Izingcaphuno:

1. Ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile phakathi kwabantu abasha, abazisebenzisa kakhulu online, kuxhumene nokwehla kwesifiso sobulili kanye ne-ejaculation ngaphambi kwesikhathi, kanye kwezinye izimo ezinkingeni zokukhathazeka komphakathi, ukudangala, i-DOC, ne-ADHD [30-32] .

2. Kunomehluko ocacile we-neurobiological phakathi "kwabasebenzi bezocansi" kanye "nemilutha yezocansi": uma owokuqala ene-ventral hypoactivity, owokugcina kunalokho ubonakala ngokusebenza kabusha okukhulu kwe-ventral kwamasiginali ezocansi kanye nemivuzo ngaphandle kokuzenzisa kwamasekethe womvuzo. Lokhu kungaphakamisa ukuthi abasebenzi badinga ukuthintana nabantu, kuyilapho laba bevame ukwenza umsebenzi wedwa [33,34]. Futhi, imilutha yezidakamizwa ikhombisa ukungahleleki okukhulu kwendaba emhlophe ye-prefrontal cortex [35].

3. Ukulutha umlutha wezocansi, yize kuyi-neurobiologically ehlukile ekuluthweni ngokocansi, kuseyindlela yokulutha kokuziphatha futhi lokhu kungasebenzi kuvumela ukwenyuka kwesimo somuntu se-psychopathological, ngokuqondile nangokungaqondile okubandakanya ukuguqulwa kwe-neurobiological ezingeni lokungafuni ukusebenza kwesikhuthazo sezocansi esisebenzayo, i-hypersensitization to ukuvuselela ukungasebenzi ngokocansi, izinga lokucindezeleka elikwaziyo ukuthinta amanani we-hormonal we-pituitary-hypothalamic-adrenal axis kanye nokuzenzisa kwamasekethe angaphambili [36].

4. Ukubekezelelana okuphansi kokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kwaqinisekiswa ucwaningo lwe-fMRI oluthola ubukhona obuphansi bezinto ezimpunga ohlelweni lomvuzo (i-dorsal striatum) ehlobene nobuningi bezithombe zocansi ezisetshenzisiwe. Wabuye wathola ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okwandayo kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuhlotshaniswa nokusebenza okuncane kwesekethe lomvuzo ngenkathi ubuka kafushane izithombe zocansi. Abaphenyi bakholelwa ukuthi imiphumela yabo ikhombise ukungabi namuntu futhi mhlawumbe nokubekezelelana, okuyisidingo sokuvuselelwa okwengeziwe ukuze kufinyelelwe ezingeni elifanayo lokuvuka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izibonakaliso zamandla aphansi zitholakale ePutamen ezifundweni ezincike ocansini [37].

5. Ngokuphikisana nalokho umuntu angakucabanga, imilutha yezocansi ayinaso isifiso sobulili esiphakeme futhi umkhuba wokushaya indlwabu ohambisana nokubuka imibhalo yezocansi uyanciphisa isifiso futhi uvumela ukukhishwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, njengoba isihloko sizizwa sikhululeke ngokwengeziwe emsebenzini wedwa. Ngakho-ke abantu abane-reactivity enkulu ezithombeni ezingcolile bathanda ukwenza izenzo zocansi zodwa kunokuhlanganyela nomuntu wangempela [38,39].

6. Ukumiswa okungazelelwe kokulutha kwezocansi kubangela imiphumela emibi esimeni sengqondo, injabulo, nokwaneliseka ngokobudlelwano nangokobulili [40,41].

7. Ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwezithombe zocansi kusiza ukuqala kwezinkinga zengqondo nezobudlelwano [42].

8. Amanethiwekhi we-neural abandakanyeka ekuziphatheni ngokocansi afana nalawo abandakanyeka ekuqhubekeni kweminye imivuzo, kufaka phakathi ukulutha.

30) Yini okufanele ifakwe kunqubo yokuphazamiseka kokuziphatha ngokocansi okuyimpoqo? (2020) - Leli phepha elibalulekile elisuselwa ocwaningweni lwakamuva, lilungisa ngobumnene ezinye zezimangalo zocwaningo lwe-porn ezidukisayo. Phakathi kokuvelele, ababhali bathatha umqondo wokungaziphathi kahle "wokuziphatha okungathandeki" owaziwa kakhulu ngabaphenyi be-pro-porn. Bona futhi ukuqhathanisa kweshadi Isiphazamiso Ekuziphatheni Kokuziphatha Kocansi okucashile kanye nesiphakamiso esingalungile se-DSM-5 Hypersexual Disorder. Izingcaphuno:

Injabulo encishisiwe etholakala ekuziphatheni ngokocansi ingakhombisa nokubekezelelana okuhlobene nokuphindaphindwa nokuphindaphindeka ngokweqile kuzenzo zocansi, ezifakiwe kumamodeli wokulutha we-CSBD (IKraus, Voon, & Potenza, 2016) futhi kusekelwa okutholwe yi-neuroscientific (IGola & Draps, 2018). Indima ebalulekile yokubekezelelana maqondana nokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile eziyinkinga iphakanyisiwe nasemasampulini omphakathi nakwezingaphansi (Chen et al., 2021). ...

Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-CSBD njengesifo sokulawula umfutho nakho kudinga ukucatshangelwa. … Ucwaningo olwengeziwe lungasiza ekucazululeni ukuhlukaniswa okufanele kakhulu kwe-CSBD njengoba kwenzekile ngenkinga yokugembula, kwahlukaniswa kabusha kusukela esigabeni sokuphazamiseka kokulawula umfutho kuya kokuluthayo okungeyona into noma okokuziphatha ku-DSM-5 naku-ICD-11. … Ukungafisi kungenzeka kunganikeli ngokuqinile ekusetshenzisweni kwezithombe zocansi eziyinkinga njengoba abanye bephakamisile (I-Bőthe et al., 2019).

… Imizwa yokungaziphathi kahle kokuziphatha akumele inqume umuntu ngaphandle kokuthola ithuba lokuthola ukuxilongwa kwe-CSBD. Isibonelo, ukubuka izinto ezibeka obala ezocansi ezingahambisani nezinkolelo zakho zokuziphatha (ngokwesibonelo, izithombe zocansi ezibandakanya udlame olubhekiswe kwabesifazane nokuphikiswa (I-Bridges et al., I-2010), ubuhlanga (UFritz, uMalic, uPaul, noZhou, 2020), izingqikithi zokudlwengulwa nezihlobo zocansi (UBőthe et al., 2021; URothman, uKaczmarsky, uBurke, uJansen, noBaughman, 2015) kungabikwa njengokungaziphathi kahle kokuziphatha, futhi ukubukwa ngokweqile kokuqukethwe okunjalo kungaholela nasekuthikamezekeni kuzizinda eziningi (isb., ezomthetho, ezomsebenzi, ezomuntu nezomndeni). Futhi, umuntu angazizwa engaziphathi kahle ngokuziphatha kwezinye izindlela zokuziphatha (isb., Ukugembula ekuphazamisekeni kokugembula noma ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ekuphazamisekeni kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa), kepha ukungaziphathi kahle kokuziphatha akubhekwa kuzimo zezimo ezihlobene nalezi zindlela zokuziphatha, noma kungahle kudinge ukucatshangelwa ngesikhathi sokwelashwa (ILewczuk, iNowakowska, iLandandowska, iPotenza, neGola, i-2020). ...

31) Ukwenza Izinqumo Ekuphazamiseni Ukugembula, Ukusetshenziswa Kwezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Okuyinkinga, kanye Nenkinga Yokudla Ngokuzitika: Ukufana Nokwehluka (2021) - Ukubuyekezwa kunikeza ukubuka konke kwezinqubo ze-neurocognitive zokugembula (GD), ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile okunenkinga (PPU), kanye nenkinga yokudla ngokweqile (BED), kugxile ikakhulukazi ezinqubweni zokwenza izinqumo ezihlobene nokusebenza okuphezulu (i-prefrontal cortex). Izingcaphuno:

Izindlela ezivamile ezibangela ukuphazamiseka kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa (ama-SUD afana notshwala, i-cocaine, nama-opioid) kanye nokuphazamiseka okuluthayo noma okungalungile noma isimilo (njenge-GD ne-PPU) kuphakanyisiwe [5,6,7,8, 9••]. Ukwehlukaniswa okwabiwe phakathi kwezidakamizwa ne-ED nakho kuchaziwe, ikakhulukazi kufaka phakathi ukulawula okuphezulu kokuqonda kwengqondo [10,11,12Ukucutshungulwa komvuzo waphansi-phezulu [13, 14] izinguquko. Abantu abanalezi zinkinga bavame ukukhombisa ukungalawuleki kwengqondo kanye nokwenza izinqumo ezingathandeki [12, 15,16,17]. Ukushoda ezinkambisweni zokwenza izinqumo nasekufundeni okuqondiswe kumgomo kutholakele ezinkingeni eziningi; ngakho-ke, zingabhekwa njengezici ezifanele zomtholampilo zokuxilonga [18,19,20]. Ngokuqondile, kuphakanyisiwe ukuthi lezi zinqubo zitholakala kubantu abanezifiso zokuziphatha (isb., Inqubo-mbili nezinye izinhlobo zezilutha) [21,22,23,24].

Ukufana phakathi kwe-CSBD nokulutha kuye kwachazwa, nokulawulwa okungafanelekile, ukusetshenziswa okuphikelelayo naphezu kwemiphumela emibi, kanye nokuthambekela kokuzibandakanya ezinqumweni eziyingozi kungabiwa ngezinto (37•,, 40).

Ukuqonda ukwenziwa kwezinqumo kunemithelela ebalulekile ekuhlolweni nasekwelapheni kwabantu abane-GD, i-PPU, ne-BED. Izinguquko ezifanayo ekuthathweni kwezinqumo ngaphansi kwengozi nokungaqondakali, kanye nesaphulelo esikhulu sokubambezeleka, kubikiwe kwi-GD, BED, ne-PPU. Lokhu okutholakele kusekela isici se-transdiagnostic esingahle sikwazi ukungenelela kokuphazamiseka.

32) Yiziphi Izimo Okufanele Zithathwe Njengezinkinga Ekuhlukanisweni Kwezifo Ngamazwe Ngamazwe (ICD-11) Ukuqokwa “Kokunye Ukuphazamiseka Okucacisiwe Ngenxa Yezithintelo Zokulutha”? (2020) - Ukubuyekezwa ngabachwepheshe bezidakamizwa baphetha ngokuthi ukuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuyisimo esingahle sitholakale sinesigaba se-ICD-11 "okunye ukuphazamiseka okucacisiwe ngenxa yokuziphatha okuluthayo". Ngamanye amagama, ukusetshenziswa kocansi okuphoqelela kubukeka njengezinye izindlela zokuziphatha ezivumwayo, ezibandakanya ukugembula nokuphazamiseka kwemidlalo. Izingcaphuno -

Qaphela ukuthi asiphakamisi ukufakwa kwezifo ezintsha ku-ICD-11. Esikhundleni salokho, sihlose ukugcizelela ukuthi ezinye izindlela zokuziphatha ezingaba umlutha kuxoxwa ngazo ezincwadini, okwamanje ezingafakwanga njengeziphazamiso ezithile kwi-ICD-11, kepha ezingafanelana nesigaba "sokunye ukuphazamiseka okucacisiwe ngenxa yokuziphatha okuluthayo" futhi ngenxa yalokho ingafakwa ikhodi njenge-6C5Y ekusebenzeni komtholampilo. (kugcizelelwa)

Ngokusekelwa ebufakazini obuhlaziwe maqondana nezinqubo ezintathu zokuphakanyiswa kwe-meta, siphakamisa ukuthi ukuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kungumbandela ongatholakala ngesigaba se-ICD-11 "okunye ukuphazamiseka okubekiwe ngenxa yokuziphatha okuluthayo" kususelwa kulokho okuthathu okungukhiye Izindlela zokuphazamiseka kwemidlalo, eziguquliwe maqondana nokubukwa kwezithombe zocansi (Umkhiqizo, uBlycker, et al., 2019) ....

Ukuxilongwa kokuphazamiseka kokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile njengokunye ukuphazamiseka okucacisiwe ngenxa yokuziphatha okuluthayo kungaba ngokwanele kubantu abahlushwa kuphela ukubukwa kwezithombe zocansi okungalawulwa kahle (ezimeni eziningi ezihambisana nokushaya indlwabu).

33) Izinqubo zokuqonda ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi eziyinkinga (PPU): Ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile kwezifundo zokuhlola (2021) - Izingcaphuno:

Abanye abantu babhekana nezimpawu nemiphumela emibi etholakala ekuzibandakanyeni kwabo okuphikelelayo, okweqile, futhi okunenkinga ekubukweni kwezithombe zocansi (okusho ukuthi, Sebenzisa i-Problematic Pornography Use, PPU). Amamodeli akamuva ezethiyori aphendukele kuzinqubo ezahlukahlukene zokuqonda (isib.

Ephepheni lamanje, sibukeza futhi sihlanganise ubufakazi obutholwe ezifundweni ezingama-21 eziphenya ngezinqubo zokuqonda ezingaphansi kwe-PPU. Ngamafuphi, i-PPU ihlobene nalokhu: (a) ukubhekela ukunaka ezintweni ezithinta ucansi, (b) ukulawulwa kokuvimbela okungasebenzi (ikakhulukazi, ezinkingeni zokuvimbela ukuphendula ngezimoto kanye nokususa ukunaka kude nezimo ezingafanele), (c) ukusebenza okubi emisebenzini ukuhlola inkumbulo yokusebenza, kanye (d) nokukhubazeka kokwenza izinqumo (ikakhulukazi, izintandokazi zokuzuza okuncane kwesikhashana kunokuzuza okukhulu kwesikhathi eside, amaphethini wokukhetha ongacabangi kunabasebenzisi be-non-erotica, indlela yokuthambekela ekubhekaneni nezenzo zocansi, nokungalungile lapho ukwahlulela amathuba nobukhulu bemiphumela engaba khona ngaphansi kokungaqondakali). Okunye kwalokhu okutholakele kususelwa ezifundweni ezenzelwa amasampula emitholampilo eziguli ezine-PPU noma ngokuxilongwa kwe-SA / HD / CSBD ne-PPU njengenkinga yazo eyinhloko yocansi (isib. UMulhauser et al., 2014, ISklenarik et al., 2019), okuphakamisa ukuthi lezi zinqubo zokuqonda ezihlanekezelwe zingakha izinkomba 'ezizwelayo' ze-PPU.

Ezingeni lethiyori, imiphumela yalokhu kubuyekezwa isekela ukubaluleka kwezakhi eziyinhloko zokuqonda zemodeli ye-I-PACE (I-Brand et al., I-2016, ISklenarik et al., 2019).

34) I-PDF yokubuyekezwa okugcwele: Ukucindezelwa Kokuziphatha Ngokobulili Okucindezelayo - ukuvela kokuxilongwa okusha okwethulwe ku-ICD-11, ubufakazi obukhona kanye nezinselelo eziqhubekayo zocwaningo (2021) - Abstract:

Ku-2019 Compulsive Sexual Behaeve Disorder (CSBD) ifakiwe ngokusemthethweni ku-11 ezayoth uhlelo lwe-International Classification of Diseases olushicilelwe yi-World Health Organisation (WHO). Ukubekwa kwe-CSBD njengenhlangano entsha yezifo kwandulelwe yingxoxo yeminyaka emithathu eyishumi mayelana nokuqanjwa kwalezi zimilo. Ngaphandle kwezinzuzo ezingaba khona zezinqumo ze-WHO, impikiswano ngalesi sihloko ayikapheli. Bobabili odokotela nososayensi basaphikisana ngezikhala kulwazi lwamanje maqondana nesithombe somtholampilo sabantu abane-CSBD, kanye nezinqubo ze-neural nezengqondo ezibangela le nkinga. Lo mbhalo uhlinzeka ngokubuka konke kwezindaba ezibaluleke kakhulu ezihlobene nokwakhiwa kwe-CSBD njengeyunithi ehlukile yokuxilonga ekuhlukanisweni kwezifo zengqondo (njenge-DSM ne-ICD), kanye nesifinyezo sezingxabano ezinkulu ezihlobene nokuhlukaniswa kwamanje kwe I-CSBD.

35) Ukuphendula Komvuzo, Ukufunda, kanye Nokulinganisa Okuthintekayo Ekusetshenzisweni Kwezithombe Zocansi Okuyizinkinga - Umbono Wemibandela Yokucwaninga Kwesizinda (2022) - Izingcaphuno:

Kafushane, imiphumela evela ocwaningweni olufundisayo lwe-SID ikhomba ezinqubweni zokulindela umvuzo wokuziphatha kanye ne-neural eziqwashiswayo maqondana nocansi phezu kwemivuzo yemali kubahlanganyeli abane-PPU njengoba inkolelo-mbono ethandwayo yokugqugquzela umlutha iphakamisa [35]. Lo mbono ubeka ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okuphindaphindiwe kwento kwazisa ukujikeleza komvuzo emibonweni ehlobene nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, kanye nezibaluli ezikhuphula imiphumela yokugqugquzela kulezi zimpawu. Idluliselwe ku-PPU, i-circuitry yomvuzo izofakazela ukukhushulwa komfutho emibonweni ebonisa ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile.

Kusukela esiphethweni:

Isimo samanje sezincwadi sibonisa ukuthi izinhlelo ze-RDoC- positive valence ziyizici ezibalulekile ku-PPU. Ukulindela umvuzo, ubufakazi bukhombisa ukukhuthazeka kokugqugquzela ukumemezela imiklomelo yocansi ezigulini ezine-PPU…

36) Ingabe ukuziphatha kocansi okuyinkinga kufanele kubhekwe ngaphansi komthamo wokulutha? Ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile okusekelwe kunqubo ye-DSM-5 yokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa (2023)

Izindlela ze-DSM-5 zokuphazamiseka kokulutha zitholakale zivame kakhulu phakathi kwabasebenzisi bocansi abanenkinga, ikakhulukazi ukufisa, ukulahlekelwa ukulawula ukusetshenziswa kocansi, nemiphumela emibi ehlobene nokuziphatha kocansi .... Ucwaningo olwengeziwe kufanele lwenziwe [kusetshenziswa] indlela ye-DSM-5 [ukuhlola] izici ezifana nokulutheka zokuziphatha okuyinkinga kocansi kubantu basemtholampilo nabangezona ezokwelashwa.

Bona Izifundo Ezingabazekayo Nezidukisayo kumaphepha aphakanyisiwe kakhulu akusilo athi azikho (leli phepha lesikhathi sangomhla - Ley et al., 2014 - bekungekhona ukubukezwa kwezincwadi futhi waphakamisa kakhulu amaphepha awakhulume ngawo). Bheka leli khasi ngezifundo eziningi ezixhumanisa ukusetshenziswa kocansi nezinkinga zocansi futhi kwehlise ukwaneliseka ngokocansi nobudlelwano.

Ucwaningo lwezinzwa (i-FMRI, i-MRI, i-EEG, i-Neuro-endocrine, i-Neuro-pyschological) kubasebenzisi be-porn nabasolwa ngokuya ocansini:

Izifundo ze-neurological ngezansi zihlukaniswe ngezindlela ezimbili: (1) ngokuguqulwa kobuchopho obuhlobene nomlutha ngamunye obikiwe, futhi (2) ngosuku lokushicilela.

I-1) Ihlelwe ngu-Addiction-Brain Change: Izinguquko ezine ezinkulu zobuchopho ezibangelwa ukulutha umlutha zichazwe ngu UGeorge F. Koob futhi Nora D. Volkow ekubuyekezweni kwawo okuphawulekayo. UKoob unguMqondisi weNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), kanti uVolkow ungumqondisi weNational Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). Lanyatheliswa kuyi-New England Journal of Medicine: Izinzuzo ze-Neurobiologic ezivela kwi-Brain Disease Model of Addiction (2016). Leli phepha lichaza izinguquko ezinkulu zobuchopho ezihilelekile kokubili izidakamizwa nezidakamizwa zokuziphatha, ngenkathi zichaza isigaba sokuqala sokuthi umlutha wezocansi ukhona:

"Siphetha ngokuthi i-neuroscience iyaqhubeka isekela uhlobo lwesifo sobuchopho. Ucwaningo lwe-neuroscience kule ndawo alugcini nje ngokunikeza amathuba amasha okuvimbela nokwelashwa kwezidakamizwa ezidakayo kanye nezidakamizwa eziphathelene nokuziphatha (isib. Ekudleni, sex, nokugembula) .... "

Iphepha leVolkow neKoob lichaze izinguquko ezine eziyisisekelo ezibangelwa ukulutha, okuyilezi: 1) Ukukwazisa, 2) Ukungahlehlisi, 3) Izijikelezo zokungasebenzi ezingasebenzi (ukungazenzisi), i-4) Uhlelo lokucindezeleka olungasebenzi. Yonke i-4 yalezi zinguquko zengqondo ziye zafundwa phakathi kwezifundo eziningi zezinzwa ezibalulwe kuleli khasi:

  • Izifundo zokubika ukuzwela (cue-reactivity & cravings) kubasebenzisi be-porn / imilutha yezocansi: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28.
  • Izifundo zokubika ukungafuneki noma ukujwayela (okuholela ekubekezeleni) kubasebenzisi bezithombe zocansi / izidakamizwa zocansi: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8.
  • Izifundo zibika ukusebenza komsebenzi ompofu (ubuzenzisi) noma ishintshwe umsebenzi wokuzithandela kubasebenzisi be-porn / izidakamizwa zocansi: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19.
  • Izifundo ezibonisa a uhlelo lokucindezeleka olungasebenzi kubasebenzisi be-porn / izidakamizwa zocansi: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.

I-2) Ihlelwe ngu-Date Of Publication: Uhlu olulandelayo luqukethe zonke izifundo zezinzwa ezishicilelwe kubasebenzisi be-porn kanye nezilonda zocansi. Ucwaningo ngalunye olubalwe ngezansi luhambisana nencazelo noma i-excerpt, futhi lubonisa ukuthi yikuphi ukuguqulwa kobuchopho obuhlobene no-4 (s) okuxoxiswane nakho okutholakele okuvumela:

1) Ukuphenya okuPhezulu kwezinto eziphambene nezimo ze-Impulsive Neuroanatomical zokuziphatha kocansi okuphoqelekile (I-Miner et al., 2009) - [amasekhethi angasebenzi kahle ngaphambili / umsebenzi ophethe kabi] - Ucwaningo oluncane lwe-fMRI olubandakanya kakhulu abayimilutha yezocansi (Ukuziphatha Ngokobulili Okucindezelayo). Ucwaningo lubika ngokuziphatha okungacabangi emsebenzini weGo-NoGo ezifundweni ze-CSB uma kuqhathaniswa nababambiqhaza bokulawula. Ukuhlolwa kobuchopho kuveze ukuthi imilutha yezocansi yayihlelile udaba olumhlophe lwe-prefrontal cortex uma kuqhathaniswa nezilawuli. Izingcaphuno:

Imininingwane evezwe kuleli phepha iyahambisana nokucabanga ukuthi i-CSB ifana kakhulu nokuphazamiseka kokulawula umfutho, njenge-kleptomania, ukugembula okuphoqelela, nokuphazamiseka kokudla. Ngokuqondile, sithole ukuthi abantu abahlangabezana nezindlela zokuxilonga zokuziphatha ngocansi okuphoqelela bakhuphuka ngokwengeziwe kuzinyathelo zokuzibika ngokweqile, kufaka phakathi izindlela zokuphoqeleka okuphelele nobuntu, Isithiyo …… .. Ngaphezu kwezinyathelo zokuzibika ezingenhla, iziguli ze-CSB futhi kukhombise ukungafisi okukhulu emsebenzini wokuziphatha, inqubo yeGo-No Go.

Imiphumela ibuye ikhombise ukuthi iziguli ze-CSB zikhombisa isifunda esiphakeme kakhulu esiphezulu se-frontal sisho ukungafani (MD) kunokulawula. Ukuhlaziywa okuhlanganyelwene kuboniswe ubudlelwane obubalulekile phakathi kokungalingani kanye nendawo engaphansi kwe-anisotrophy ye-fractional (FA) ne-MD, kodwa ayikho inhlangano enezilinganiso eziphakeme ezisesifundazwe. Ukuhlaziywa okunjalo kuboniswe ubudlelwane obubi obuphakathi kwe-frontal lobe MD kanye ne-compulsive behavior behavior inventory.

Ngakho-ke, lokhu kuhlaziya kokuqala kuyathembisa futhi kunikeza inkomba yokuthi kungenzeka kunezici ze-neuroanatomical kanye / noma ze-neurophysiological ezihambisana nokuziphatha kocansi okuphoqelekile. Le mininingwane ibuye ikhombise ukuthi i-CSB kungenzeka ukuthi iboniswa ngokungahambi kahle, kepha futhi ifaka ezinye izinto, ezingase zihambisane nokusebenza okungokomzwelo nokukhathazeka kwe-OCD.

2) Ukungafani okubikwayo ngezinyathelo zomsebenzi ophezulu kanye nokuziphatha kocansi phakathi kwesimuli nesiguli samadoda (Reid et al., 2010) - [umsebenzi ompofu omningi] - Isiqephu:

Iziguli ezifuna usizo ekuziphatheni kwe-hypersexual zivame ukukhombisa izici zokungacabangi, ukuqina kwengqondo, ukwahlulela okungafanele, ukwehluleka kokulawulwa kwemizwelo, nokukhathazeka ngokweqile ngocansi. Ezinye zalezi zici zivamile nasezigulini ezethula ngezifo zemizwa ezihambisana nokungasebenzi okuphezulu. Lokhu okubonile kuholele ekuphenyweni kwamanje kokwehluka phakathi kweqembu leziguli ezi-hypersexual (n = 87) nesampula somphakathi esingeyona eye-hypersexual (n = 92) yamadoda asebenzisa i-Behaeve Rating Inventory ye-Executive Function-Adult Version Ukuziphatha kwe-Hypersexual kuhlobene kahle ngama-indices womhlaba wonke wokungasebenzi okuphezulu kanye nokuxhaswa okuningana kwe-BRIEF-A. Lokhu okutholakele kunikeza ubufakazi bokuqala bokusekela umbono wokuthi ukungasebenzi okuphezulu kungabandakanyeka ekuziphatheni kwe-hypersexual.

3) Ukubuka Izithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Ku-intanethi: Indima Yokulinganisa Ngokweqhaza Yezocansi kanye Nezimo Zengqondo-I-Psychiatric for Ukusebenzisa Ama-Sex Sites E-Inthanethi ngokweqile (I-Brand et al., 2011) - [ukuthanda / ukukhushulwa okukhulu kanye nomsebenzi ompofu] - Isiqephu:

Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi izinkinga ezibikwa ngokuzimela ekuphileni kwakho kwansuku zonke ezihlobene nemisebenzi yezocansi e-intanethi zabikezelwa ukulinganisa okuhloswe ngokobulili okubonakalayo kwezinto ezibucayi, ukuqina okukhulu kwezimpawu zengqondo, kanye nenani lezinhlelo zobulili ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlala kumasayithi ezocansi e-Internet ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, ngenkathi isikhathi esichithwa kumasayithi ezocansi e-intanethi (amaminithi ngosuku) asizange ibambe iqhaza ekuchazeni ukuhlukahluka kwinqephu ye-IATsex. Sibona ukufana okukhona phakathi kwezinqubo zokucabangela nezengqondo ezingase zibe nomthelela ekulondolozeni ucansi lwe-inthanethi ngokweqile nalabo abachazwe kubantu abancike ngokweqile.

4) Isithombe se-Pornographic Ukucubungula ama-interferes ngokusebenza komsebenzi wokukhumbula (Laier et al., 2013) - [ukuthanda / ukukhushulwa okukhulu kanye nomsebenzi ompofu] - Isiqephu:

Abanye abantu babika izinkinga ngesikhathi futhi ngemuva kokubandakanyeka kobulili e-intanethi, njengokulala okulahlekile nokukhohlwa ukuqashwa, okuhlobene nemiphumela emibi yokuphila. Enye indlela engase iholele kulezi zinhlobo zinkinga ukuthi ukuvota ngokocansi ngesikhathi sezocansi kwi-intanethi kungaphazamisa umthamo wokusebenza (WM), okwenza kube khona ukunganakwa kolwazi olumayelana nemvelo ngakho-ke ukuzenza izinqumo ezingalungile. Imiphumela ibonise ukuthi i-WM iyingozi kakhulu esimweni sezithombe zobulili ezingcolile komsebenzi we-4 emuva uma kuqhathaniswa nezimo zesithombe ezisele ezisele. Okutholakele kuxoxwa mayelana nokulutha kwe-intanethi ngoba ukuphazamiseka kwe-WM ngemigomo ehlobene nokulutha izidakamizwa kuyaziwa ngokusuka kwezidakamizwa.

5) Ama-Interferes Okucubungula Ngesithombe Sobulili Ngokwenza Izinqumo Ngaphansi Kokungaboni kahle (Laier et al., 2013) - [ukuthanda / ukukhushulwa okukhulu kanye nomsebenzi ompofu] - Isiqephu:

Ukusebenza kwezinqumo kwakubi nakakhulu lapho izithombe zobulili zihlotshaniswa nekhadi eliyingozi ekuqhathaniswa nokusebenza lapho izithombe zobulili zixhunyaniswa nezinsika ezizuzayo. Ukuvusa okucatshangelwayo ngokobulili kuhlolisisa ubuhlobo phakathi komsebenzi womsebenzi kanye nokusebenza kwezinqumo. Lolu cwaningo lugcizelele ukuthi ukuvuswa kocansi kuphazamise ukwenziwa kwezinqumo, okungase kuchaze ukuthi kungani abanye abantu behlangabezana nemiphumela emibi ekuhloleni kokusebenzisa i-inthanethi.

6) Ukulutha kocansi lwe-Cyber: Ukuvuswa kocansi okuhlangenwe nakho lapho ubheka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile hhayi okwangempela-oxhumana nabo ngokobulili benza umehluko (Laier et al., 2013) - [ukuthanda / ukukhushulwa okukhulu kanye nomsebenzi ompofu] - Isiqephu:

Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi izinkomba zokuvusa ngocansi nokufisa ukubhekwa kobulili be-intanethi ukuthambekela okubikezelwe ekubhekaneni nokuxilongwa kwe-inthanethi ocansini ekuqaleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuboniswe ukuthi abasebenzisi be-inthanethi bezinkinga zokuxoxa nge-inthanethi babika ukuvusa okukhulu kocansi nokufuna ukusabela okubangelwa isethulo se-pornography. Kuzo zombili izifundo, inamba kanye nekhwalithi exhumana nabo ngokoqobo ngokobulili ayengahlotshaniswa nokulutha kocansi lwe-inthanethi. Imiphumela isekela ukuxhaswa kwezinto zokuzithokozisa, okuqala ukuqinisa, ukufunda izindlela, nokufisa ukuba yizinqubo ezifanele ekuthuthukiseni nasekugcinweni kokulutha kwe-inthanethi nge-cybersex. Okubi noma okungaqiniseki koxhumana nabo ngokoqobo ngokobulili abakwazi ukuchaza ngokugcwele ukulutha kwe-inthanethi ngocansi.

7) Isifiso socansi, hhayi ubuhlobo bobulili obuhlukile, buhlobene nezimpendulo ze-neurophysiological ezifakwe izithombe zobulili (Steele et al., 2013) - [ukucubungula okukhulu-ukusebenzisana okuhambisana nesifiso esingaphansi kocansi: ukuzwela kanye nokuhlala] - Lolu cwaningo lwe-EEG lwaluphelile kumaphephandaba njengobungqingili bokuthi kukhona ukubheja kocansi / ucansi. Akunjalo. Steele et al. I-2013 empeleni ikhombisa ukwesekwa kokubili ukulutha kwezidakamizwa kanye nokusebenzisa i-porn ekulawuleni phansi isifiso socansi. Kanjani? Ucwaningo lubike ukufundwa kwe-EEG ephakeme (ngokuhlobene nezithombe ezingathathi hlangothi) lapho izihloko zivezwa kancane ezithombeni zobulili ezingcolile. Izifundo zibonisa njalo ukuthi i-P300 ephakeme kwenzeka uma izilonda zivezwa ezinkomba (ezifana nezithombe) ezihlobene nokulutha kwayo.

Ngokuhambisana ne Ucwaningo lweCambridge University luhlola izinhlelo, lolu cwaningo lwe-EEG futhi kubike ukuthi kukhona okunye okubonakalayo okubhekene ne-porn okuhambisana nayo Ngaphansi isifiso sobulili obuhlukanisiwe. Ukubeka ngenye indlela - abantu abanomqondo okhudlwana wokuvuselela ubulili be-porn bebengathanda ukushaya indlwabu kunecansi kunokuba babe nobulili nomuntu wangempela. Ngokumangalisa, okhulumela ucwaningo Nicole Prause wathi abasebenzisi be-porn babevele babe "ne-libido ephezulu," kodwa imiphumela yocwaningo ithi okuphambene ngqo (isifiso sezifundo zezocansi ezithandanayo kwakuyehla ngokuphathelene nokusetshenziswa kwazo kocansi).

Ngokubili, lezi ezimbili Steele et al. okutholakele kukhombisa umsebenzi omkhulu wobuchopho ekuboniseni (izithombe ezingcolile), kepha ukubuyiswa okuncane kokuthola imivuzo yemvelo (ukulala nomuntu). Ukuzwela nokwehlisa ithemba, okuyizimpawu zokulutheka. Amaphepha ayisishiyagalombili abuyekezwe ngontanga achaza iqiniso: Izibukezo ezibuyekezwa kontanga Steele et al., 2013. Futhi bheka lokhu I-YBOP enkulu ihlaziya.

Ngaphandle kwezimangalo eziningi ezingasekelwa emaphephandabeni, kuphazamisa ukuthi isifundo se-Prause sika-2013 EGG sidlulise ukubuyekezwa kontanga, njengoba sibhekene nezimpikiswano ezinkulu zendlela: 1) izifundo ayingqayizivele (abesilisa, abesifazane, abangewona abesilisa nabesifazane); Izihloko ze-2) zikhona hhayi ukuhlolwa kwezifo zengqondo noma izidakamizwa; I-3) isifundo akukho iqembu lokulawula lokuqhathanisa; Imibuzo ye-4) akuqinisekisiwe ukusetshenziswa kwe-porn noma ukulutha kocansi. Steele at al. inamaphutha amabi kangangokuba yizibuyekezo ezi-4 kuphela kwezingu-24 ezingenhla zokubuyekeza nezincazelo khathazeka ukukusho lokho: ababili bakubheka njengokungavumelekile kwesayensi ye-junk, kuyilapho ababili bekusho ukuthi bayalinganisa-ukucubungula ngesifiso esingaphansi kocansi nomlingani (izimpawu zokulutha).

8) Ukwakhiwa kobuchopho nokuxhumana okusebenzayo Okuhlangene Nezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Ukusetshenziswa: I-Brain on Porn (UKuhn noGallinat, 2014) - [ukuxoshwa, ukujwayeleka, kanye nezifunda ezithintekayo ezingasetshenzisiwe]. Lolu cwaningo lwe-Max Planck Institute lwama-fMRI lubike ukuthi ukutholakala kwe-3 kwezinzwa ze-1 kuqhathaniswa namazinga aphezulu okusetshenziswa kocansi: (2) inkinga encane yomshini wokuvuza umvuzo (i-dorsal striatum), (3) ukuvuselela okuncane komjikelezo wesifunda ngenkathi ubuka kancane ukuxhumana kwezithombe zocansi, (3) phakathi kwe-dorsal striatum ne-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Abacwaningi bahumusha ukutholakala kwe-XNUMX njengombonakaliso wemiphumela ye-exposure ye-porn-yesikhathi eside. Uthe isifundo,

Lokhu kuvumelana ne-hypothesis ukuthi ukuvezwa okukhulu kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuholela ekulawuleni phansi phansi kwemibono ye-neural yemvelo kwisenzo sobulili.

Lapho echaza ukuxhumana okumpofu okusebenza phakathi kwe-PFC kanye ne-striatum isifundo sathi,

Ukungasebenzi kwalesi sigaba kuye kwahlotshaniswa nokukhetha okungalungile kokuziphatha, njengokufuna izidakamizwa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungaba nomphumela omubi ongenakho

Umbhali oholayo USimone Kühn ukhulume ngokukhulumela i-Max Planck:

Sicabanga ukuthi izihloko ezinezinhlelo zokuzijabulisa ezingcolile zidinga ukukhuthazwa okwandayo ukuze zithole isilinganiso esifanayo somvuzo. Lokhu kungasho ukuthi ukusetshenziswa njalo kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ngokweqile kudonsa uhlelo lwakho lomvuzo. Lokho kungafanelana ngokuphelele ne-hypothesis ukuthi izinhlelo zabo zomvuzo zidinga ukukhuthazwa okukhulayo.

9) Ama-Neural Correlates e-Sexual Cue Reactivity kuNobuntu abangenazo ngaphandle kokucindezela ngokocansi (ngaphandle kocansi)Voon et al., 2014) - [ukuzwela / ukucubungula-ukubuyisela kanye nokukhishwa kwesisusa] Okokuqala ochungechungeni lwezifundo zeCambridge University bathole uhlobo olufanayo lomsebenzi wezobuchopho eziluthayo (izihloko ze-CSB) njengoba kuboniswa izidakamizwa nezidakamizwa - ukucubungula okukhulu noma ukuvuselelwa. Umcwaningi oholayo Valerie Voon Wathi:

Kukhona umehluko ocacile emisebenzini yobuchopho phakathi kweziguli ezinokuziphatha okucindezelayo ngokocansi kanye nezisebenzi zokuzithandela ezinempilo. Lokhu kungezwani kuveza izidakamizwa ezidakamizwa.

I-Voon et al., I-2014 ithole nokuthi izilonda ezingcolile zihambisana imodeli evumelekile yokulutha yokufuna "it" ngaphezulu, kodwa hhayi ukuthanda "it" noma ngaphezulu. Umbhalo ocacile:

Uma kuqhathaniswa namavolontiya anempilo, izifundo ze-CSB zinezifiso ezingathí sina zobulili noma zifuna ukucacisa amagama futhi zinezici ezithandwayo ezikhudlwana ezinqumweni ezibucayi, ngaleyo ndlela zibonisa ukuhlukaniswa phakathi kokufuna nokuthanda

Abacwaningi baphinde babike ukuthi i-60% yezifundo (isilinganiso sobudala: 25) kunzima ukufeza ama-erections / ukuvusa nabalingani bangempela, kodwa kungase kutholakale izilungiselelo zokuzijabulisa nge-porn. Lokhu kubonisa ukuzwela noma ukujwayela. Okucaphuno:

Izihloko ze-CSB zibike ukuthi ngenxa yokusebenzisa ngokweqile izinto zokwenza ucansi ngokucacile ... .. okuhlangenwe nakho kwe-libido noma umsebenzi we-erectile wehlelwe ngokuqondile ebuhlotsheni obungokwenyama nabesifazane (nakuba kungekho ebuhlotsheni obubonakalayo ngokobulili) ...

Izihloko ze-CSB uma kuqhathaniswa namavolontiya anempilo ayebhekene nobunzima obunzima ngokuvuswa kobulili futhi ahlangabezane nobunzima obukhulu be-erectile ebuhlotsheni obusondelene nabo obucansi kodwa hhayi ekuziphatheni ngokocansi.

10) Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezimpawu Zokukhangisa Ngokuqondene Nezocansi Ezizimele Ngabantu Abangenazo ngaphandle Kokucindezela Ngokweqhaza Ngokwecansi (UMechelmans et al., 2014) - [ukuzwela / ukucubungula-reactivity] - Isifundo sesibili saseCambridge University. Ingcaphuno:

Ukutholakala kwethu kokuhlaziya okucatshangelwayo ... kusho ukuthi kungenzeka ukugqashuka ngokubheka okuthuthukisiwe okubheke ekuhlolisweni kwezidakamizwa ezibhekene nezidakamizwa. Lezi zitholakele zivumelanisa nokutholakala kwamuva kwe-neural reactivity ezichazweni zobulili [eziluthayo ezingcolile] kwinethiwekhi efana nalezo ezithintekayo ezifundweni zokusebenzisa izidakamizwa-futhi zihlinzeke ukwesekwa kokugqugquzela izintshisekelo zokulutha umlutha ezisekelwe ekuphenduleni okungezansi emibonweni yezocansi ku- [ porn addicts]. Lokhu kutholwa kubhekisela ekubonweni kwethu kwamuva ukuthi amavidiyo acacile ngokocansi ahlotshaniswa nomsebenzi omkhulu kwinethiwekhi ye-neural efana neyayibona kwizifundo eziphathelene nezidakamizwa-reactivity. Isifiso esikhulu noma ukufuna kunokuba ukuthanda sasihlotshaniswa nokusebenza kule nethiwekhi ye-neural. Lezi zifundo ndawonye zinikeza ukusekelwa kwenkolelo yokugqugquzela ukukhwabanisa okugxila ekuphenduleni okungahambi kahle kwezocansi kwi-CSB.

11) Ukulutha kocansi lwe-Cyber ​​kubasebenzisi besifazane abesilisa nabesilisa abangena ocansini bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi kungachazwa ngokucabangela ukucabangela (Laier et al., 2014) - [izifiso ezinkulu / ukukhuthaza] - Ingcaphuno:

Sihlole abesifazane abasebenzisa i-IPU abangama-51 nabasebenzisi bezithombe zocansi abangama-51 ezingekho kwi-Intanethi (NIPU). Sisebenzisa imibuzo, sihlole ubulukhuni bokuthi umlutha we-cybersex uwonke, kanye nokuqina kwezizathu zocansi, ukuzibandakanya ocansini okuyinkinga, kanye nobukhulu bezimpawu zengqondo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwenziwa i-paradigm yokulinga, kufaka phakathi isilinganiso esijwayelekayo sezithombe eziyi-100 zocansi, kanye nezinkomba zokufisa. Imiphumela iveze ukuthi i-IPU ilinganise izithombe zobulili ezingcolile njengokuvusa kakhulu futhi yabika ukufisa okukhulu ngenxa yokwethulwa kwezithombe zocansi kuqhathaniswa ne-NIPU. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunxanela, ukukalwa komoya okuvusa inkanuko kwezithombe, imizwa yokuya ocansini, ukuzibandakanya ocansini okuyinkinga, kanye nobunzima bezimpawu zengqondo kubikezela ukuthambekela kokulutha kwe-cybersex ku-IPU.

Ukuba sebuhlotsheni, inani labathintana ngocansi, ukwaneliseka ngoxhumana nabo kwezocansi, nokusebenzisa i-cybersex exhumana akuzange kuhlotshaniswe nomlutha we-cybersex. Le miphumela ihambisana naleyo yabikwa kwabesilisa abesilisa nabesilisa abathandana nobunye ezifundweni ezedlule. Okutholakele maqondana nesimo esiqinisayo sokuvuselela abanye ngokocansi, izindlela zokufunda, kanye nendima yokuphinda kwenzeke futhi ukufisa ukuthuthukiswa komlutha we-cybersex ku-IPU kudinga ukuxoxwa ngakho.

12) Ubufakazi Bombuso Nokucatshangelwa Kwezingqinamba Ngezizathu Ezifakazela Ukubhebhetheka Kwesicansini Ngokwe-Cyber ​​Ngomqondo Obukeka Ngokwemicabango (Laier et al., 2014) - [izifiso ezinkulu / ukukhuthaza] - Ingcaphuno:

Imvelo yesimo esivame ukubizwa ngokuthi ukulutha kwe-inthanethi nge-cybersex (CA) kanye nezinqubo zayo zokuthuthukiswa. Umsebenzi wangaphambilini ubonisa ukuthi abanye abantu bangasengozini ku-CA, kuyilapho ukuqinisekiswa okuqinisekisayo nokuqaphela ukuthi kubonakala sengathi kuyindlela esemqoka yokuthuthukiswa kwe-CA. Kulesi sifundo, abesilisa abane-155 abangqingili bobulili babhala izithombe ze-100 ezingcolile futhi babonisa ukwanda kwabo kokuvusa ucansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthambekela kwe-CA, ukuzwela ekuzijabuliseni ngokobulili, nokusetshenziswa kabi kobulili ngokujwayelekile kwahlolwa. Imiphumela yocwaningo ibonisa ukuthi kunezici zokungcupheni ku-CA futhi inikeze ubufakazi bendima yokuthokozisa ngokocansi nokubhekana nokusebenza okungafaneleki ekuthuthukiseni i-CA.

13) Ukuvelisa, ukubeka isimo kanye nokukhathazeka ngokwemibono yocansi (Banca et al., 2015) - [ukuthanda / ukukhushulwa okukhulu / ukujwayela / ukukhishwa kwemisebenzi] - Esinye isifundo se-fMRI seCambridge University. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawula izidakamizwa ezingcolile zobulili ezithandwayo ezithandwayo ezenzweni zobulili kanye nezici ezifakiwe ezihambisana nezocansi ezihambisanayo. Kodwa-ke, ubuchopho bezilonda ezingcolile bujwayele ukujwayela izithombe ezithandwayo. Njengoba ukuthanda okungekho okwakungakaze kwenzeke ngaphambili, kukholelwa ukuthi ukubheja kocansi kuyadala ukufuna izinto ezintsha ekuzameni ukunqoba ukujwayela kanye nokwehla kwenhlawulo.

Ukuziphatha kocansi okuphoqelekile (CSB) kuhlotshaniswa nokhetho olwenziwe ngcono lwezocansi, uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawula izithombe, kanye nokukhetha okujwayelekile okumele kube khona emibonweni yemigomo yezocansi nezomnotho uma kuqhathaniswa namavolontiya anempilo. Abantu be-CSB nabo babenomsebenzi omkhulu wokuzibophezela ngokuphindaphindiwe kwezithombe zocansi ngokuhambisana nezindleko zemali ngezinga lokujwayele ukuhambisana nokukhetha okuthuthukisiwe ekuveleni kocansi. Indlela yokuziphatha kwezici zobulili ezihlukanisiwe ngokobulili ezikhethwe yizintandokazi ezithandwayo zahlotshaniswa nokukhathazeka kokuqala kwezithombe zocansi. Lolu cwaningo lubonisa ukuthi abantu be-CSB banezintandokazi ezingasetshenziselwa ukuthuthukiswa kocansi okungenzeka zihlangane nokujwayela okukhulu kakhulu nokuhambisana nokuthuthukiswa okwenziwe ngezifiso ukuze kubuyekezwe. Ingcaphuno:

Ingcaphuno kusukela ku-press release ehlobene:

Bathola ukuthi uma izidakamizwa zobulili zibuka isithombe esifanayo socansi ngokuphindaphindiwe, uma kuqhathaniswa namavolontiya anempilo abhekana nokwehla okukhulu komsebenzi esifundeni sobuchopho owaziwa ngokuthi i-rorsal anterior cingulate cortex, eyaziwa ukuthi ihileleke ekulindeni imivuzo nokuphendula izenzakalo ezintsha. Lokhu kuhambisana 'nokujwayela', lapho umlutha uthola khona ukuvuselela okufanayo okuncane kakhulu - isibonelo, isiphuzo sekhofi singathola i-caffeine 'buzz' esitokisini sawo sokuqala, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi baphuza kakhulu ikhofi, amancane buzz iba.

Lokhu kusebenza okufanayo kwendabuko kwenzeka emadodeni enempilo aboniswa ngokuphindaphindiwe ividiyo efanayo ye-porn. Kodwa uma bebuka ividiyo entsha, izinga lesithakazelo nokuvusa libuyela ezingeni langempela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi, ukuvimbela ukujwayela, umlutha wezocansi uzodinga ukufundwa njalo kwezithombe ezintsha. Ngamanye amazwi, ukujwayela kungase kuqhubekele ukucinga izithombe zeveli.

"Izinto esizifunayo zisebenza ngokukhethekile emlandweni wezithombe ezingcolile zobulili," kusho uDkt. Voon. "Akucaci ukuthi yini ebangela ukubheja ngokocansi endaweni yokuqala futhi kungenzeka ukuthi abanye abantu bajwayele ukubheja ngokweqile kunabanye, kodwa ukubonakala okungapheli kwezithombe zocansi ezitholakala kuyi-intanethi kusiza ukondla umlutha wabo, okwenze kube ngaphezulu futhi kunzima kakhulu ukubaleka. "

14) Izindinganiso ze-Neural zesifiso socansi kubantu ngabanye abanezinkinga zokuziphatha ezingcolile (i-Hypersexual behavior)Seok & Sohn, 2015) - [ukucubungula okukhulu / ukugqugquzela kanye nezifunda ezihamba phambili ezingasebenzi] - Lolu cwaningo lwesiKorea lwe-fMRI luchaza ezinye izifundo zobuchopho kubasebenzisi be-porn. Njengesikole saseCambridge University ithole amaphethini okusebenza okucutshungulwa kobuchopho kubantu abahlukunyezwa ngokobulili, okwakuboniswa ngamaphethini omlutha wezidakamizwa. Ngokuvumelana nezifundo eziningana zaseJalimane zathola ukuguqulwa kwe-correx ye-prefrontal ehambisana nezinguquko ezitholakala ezilutha izidakamizwa. Yini okusha ukuthi okutholakele kufanelana namaphethini okusebenza okusetshenziselwa i-prefrontal cortex egcinwe kumilutha yezidakamizwa: Ukuqaphela okukhulu-ukusebenzisana kwezithombe zobulili okwamanje kungavimbela izimpendulo kwezinye izinto ezivame ukuzenza. Ingcaphuno:

Ukutadisha kwethu kuhloswe ukuphenya ama-neural correlates wesifiso socansi nokufanekisana kwemifanekiso ehambisana nemicimbi ehlobene nemicimbi (fMRI) ephathelene nomcimbi. Abantu abangamashumi amabili nantathu abane-PHB kanye ne-22 izilawuli ezinempilo ezifanelwe ubudala ngenkathi bebheka ngokungathí sina imibono yezocansi nokungaxhunyiwe. Izinga lezifundo zezocansi zihlolwe ekuphenduleni isisombululo ngasinye socansi. Ngokuphathelene nezilawuli, abantu abane-PHB bahlangabezana nesifiso socansi esivamile futhi esithuthukisiwe ngenkathi behlaselwa kwisicoco socansi. Ukusebenza okukhulu kwatholakala ku-nucleus ye-caudate, i-lobe ephansi, i-torsmus, ne-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex eqenjini le-PHB kuneqembu elilawulayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaphethini e-hemodynamic ezindaweni eziqanjwe kuzo ahluke phakathi kwamaqembu. Ngokuhambisana nokufundwa kocwaningo lwe-brain imaging of substance and behavior addiction, abantu abanezici zokuziphatha ze-PHB kanye nesifiso esithuthukisiwe kuboniswe ukusebenza okwenziwe ngokuguquguqukayo ezindaweni eziphambili ze-correx nasezindaweni ezingaphansi kwe-subcortical

15) Ukuguquguquka kwezinto ezitholakala esikhathini esizayo ngezithombe zocansi ezitholakala kubasebenzisi bezinkinga kanye nezinkambiso ezingavumelani nalokho "ukuphuza utshwala"Prause et al., 2015) - [habituation] - Isifundo sesibili se-EEG kusuka Ithimba likaNicole Prause. Lolu cwaningo luqhathanisa nezihloko ze-2013 ezivela Steele et al., 2013 kuya eqenjini lokulawula langempela (okwamanje libhekene nezinkinga ezifanayo zendlela yokwenza okukhulunywe ngayo ngenhla). Imiphumela: Ukuqhathaniswa nezilawuli "abantu ababhekana nezinkinga ezilawula ukubukwa kwabo kwezingcolile" babe nezimpendulo eziphansi zobuchopho ekuvezeni okwesikhashana kwezithombe ze-porno ye-vanilla. I umlobi ohola uthi le miphumela "debunk umlutha wezocansi." Ini usosayensi osemthethweni babezofakazela ukuthi isifundo sabo esisodwa esingathandeki siphumelele insimu yokutadisha kahle?

Eqinisweni, okutholakele Prause et al. I-2015 ihambisane ngokuphelele I-Kühn & Gallinat (2014), okuthole ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-porn ngaphezulu okuhlobene nokusebenza komcibisholo okungapheli ekuphenduleni izithombe ze-porn ye-vanilla. Prause et al. okutholakele nakho kuhambelana Banca et al. 2015 okuyi- #13 kulolu hlu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esinye isifundo se-EEG ithole ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kocansi okukhulu kwabesifazane kuhambisana nokusebenza okuncane kobuchopho ku-porn. Ukufundwa okuphansi kwe-EEG kusho ukuthi izifundo azinaki kangako izithombe. Ngokumane nje, abasebenzisi bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ababevame ukungazithandi izithombe ze-vanilla porn. Babenesithukuthezi (bejwayele noma bengenasizungu). Bona lokhu I-YBOP enkulu ihlaziya. Amaphepha ayishumi ahlolwe kontanga ayavuma ukuthi lolu cwaningo empeleni luthole ukuzithoba / ukuhlala kubasebenzisi be-porn ejwayelekile (kuyahambisana nomlutha): Izibukezo ezibuyekezwa kontanga Prause et al., 2015

Umdumo wamemezela ukuthi ukufundwa kwakhe kwe-EEG kuhlolwe "ukukhishwa kwe-reactivity" (ukuzwela), esikhundleni sokuhlala. Ngisho noma i-Prause yayilungile, uyayigcina ngokucophelela umgodi we-gaping ekuqinisekiseni kwakhe "ukukhohlisa": Ngisho noma Prause et al. I-2015 bebatholile ukucubungula-abasebenzisa i-porno abancane, ezinye ze-24 ezinye izifundo ze-neurological ziye zabika ukucutshungulwa noma ukufisa (ukuzwela) kubasebenzisi be-porn abathintekayo: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24. Isayensi ayihambelani ne isifundo esisodwa esingathandeki iphazanyiswe amaphutha amakhulu enkambiso; Isayensi ihambisana nokulungiselela kobufakazi (ngaphandle kwakho ziqhutshwa phambili).

16) I-HPA I-Axis Dysregulation Emadodeni Nge-Disorder Sex Disorder (I-Chatzittofis, 2015) - [impendulo yokucindezeleka engasebenzi] - Ukutadisha ne-67 abadakamizwa besilisa nobulili kanye nokulawula kwe-39 ubudala. I-Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis ngumdlali oyinhloko ekuphenduleni kwethu kokucindezeleka. Izidakamizwa guqula izijikelezo zokucindezeleka kwengqondo okuholela e-axis ehlulekayo ye-HPA. Lolu cwaningo olumayelana nezidakamizwa zocansi (abesilisa ocansini) lathola izimpendulo zokucindezeleka eziguquguqukayo ezibonisa ukutholakala kwezidakamizwa ezidakamizwa. Izingcaphuno ezivela ekukhululweni kwezindaba:

Ucwaningo luhilela amadoda e-67 ngengxabano e-hypersexual kanye nokulawulwa okuhambisana kahle kwe-39. Ababambiqhaza baxilongwa ngokucophelela ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwe-hypersexual nanoma yikuphi ukungaboni kahle ngokucindezeleka noma ukuhlukunyezwa kwengane. Abacwaningi babanikeze umthamo ophansi we-dexamethasone kusihlwa ngaphambi kokuhlolwa ukuvimbela ukucindezeleka kwabo ngokomzimba, bese ekuseni balinganisa amazinga ama-hormone okucindezeleka i-cortisol ne-ACTH. Bathola ukuthi iziguli ezine-hypersexual disorder zazinamazinga aphezulu ama-hormone anjalo kunama-controls enempilo, umehluko owasala ngisho nangemva kokulawula ukucindezeleka okubambisana nokuhlukunyezwa kwengane.

U-Professor Jokinen uthi: "Umthetho wokucindezeleka u-Aberrant uye waqaphela ngaphambili iziguli ezicindezelekile nezokuzibulala. "Eminyakeni yamuva, kugxile ekubhekiseni ukuthi ukuhlukunyezwa kwengane kungabangela ukuhlukunyezwa kwezinhlelo zokucindezeleka komzimba ngezinye izindlela okuthiwa yi-epigenetic, ngamanye amazwi ukuthi izindawo zabo ezingokwengqondo zingathonya kanjani izakhi zofuzo ezilawula lezi zinhlelo." Ngokusho abacwaningi, imiphumela iphakamisa ukuthi uhlelo olufanayo lwe-neurobiological olubandakanyeka kwenye uhlobo lokuhlukunyezwa lungasebenza kubantu abane-hypersexual disorder.

17) Ukulawulwa kwe-Prefrontal nokulutha kwe-intanethi: imodeli yemfundiso nokubukeza okutholakala kwe-neuropsychological and neuroimaging (I-Brand et al., 2015) - [izifunda eziphambene nomsebenzi / izinsizakusebenza ezihluphekayo] - Ingcaphuno:

Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, imiphumela evela ekusebenzeni kwe-neuroimaging kanye nezinye izifundo ze-neuropsychological ikhombisa ukuthi ukucubungula-ukwenza kabusha, ukuthanda, nokwenza izinqumo kuyimiqondo ebalulekile yokuqonda ukulutha kwe-Intanethi. Okutholakele ekwehlisweni kolawulo oluphezulu kuyahambisana nokunye okuluthayo kokuziphatha, njengokugembula kwe-pathological. Baphinde bagcizelele ukuhlukaniswa kwalesi simo njengokulutha, ngoba kukhona nokufana okuningana nokutholakele ekuthembekeni kwento. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imiphumela yocwaningo lwamanje ifana nokutholakala ocwaningweni lokuxhomeka kwezinto futhi kugcizelela ama-analogies phakathi kokulutha kwe-inthanethi ngocansi lwe-inthanethi nokuxhomeka kwezidakamizwa noma ezinye izidakamizwa zokuziphatha.

18) Izihlobo ezingenangqondo ekubhekaneni nocansi lwe-inthanethi: Ukulungiswa kwe-Test Effective Association kanye nezithombe zobulili ezingcolile (Snagkowski et al., 2015) - [ukulangazelela okukhulu / ukuzwela] - Ingcaphuno:

Ucwaningo lwamuva lubonisa ukufana phakathi kokulutha kwe-inthanethi ngocansi lwe-inthanethi nokuxhomeka kwezidakamizwa futhi kuphikisana nokuhlukanisa ukulutha kocansi lwe-inthanethi njengokulutha kokuziphatha. Ekuthembekeni kwezidakamizwa, izinhlangano ezifakiwe ziyaziwa ukuthi zidlala indima ebalulekile, futhi izinhlangano ezinjalo azifundwanga ngokulutha kwe-inthanethi ngocansi, kuze kube manje. Kulolu cwaningo lokuhlola, abahlanganyeli besilisa abesilisa nabesilisa abangu-128 baqedile i-Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998) eguqulwe ngezithombe zocansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuziphatha okunenkinga ngokocansi, ukuzwela ekujabuliseni ngokocansi, ukuthambekela ekubhekaneni nokulutha kocansi lwe-inthanethi, nokulangazelela okuzimele ngenxa yokubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kwahlolwa.

Imiphumela ikhombisa ubudlelwane obuhle phakathi kokuzihlanganisa okucacile kwezithombe zocansi ezinemizwa emihle nokuthambekela kokulutha kwe-cybersex, indlela yokuziphatha eyinkinga yobulili, ukuzwela ekubhekeni ucansi kanye nokunxanela okufakwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukucubungula okuhlolisisa ukucubungula kwembula ukuthi abantu ababike izifiso eziphezulu zokukhombisa futhi babonisa ukuzihlanganisa okuhle kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile nemizwa emihle, ikakhulukazi bathambekele ekuluzweni kwe-cybersex. Okutholakele kuphakamisa iqhaza elingaba khona lokuzihlanganisa okuhle nezithombe zocansi ekuthuthukiseni nasekulondolozeni umlutha we-cybersex. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imiphumela yocwaningo lwamanje iqhathaniswa nokutholakele ocwaningweni lokuxhomekeka kwezidakamizwa futhi igcizelela i-analogies phakathi komlutha we-cybersex nokuxhomekeka kwezinto noma okunye ukuluthwa kokuziphatha.

19) Izimpawu zokulutha kwe-inthanethi nge-inthanethi zingaxhunyaniswa kokubili okusondelayo nokugwema isenzo sezithombe zobulili ezingcolile: imiphumela esampula ye-analog yabasebenzisi abasebenzisa i-cyber njalo (Snagkowski, et al., 2015) - [ukulangazelela okukhulu / ukuzwela] - Ingcaphuno:

Ezinye izindlela zibhekisela ekufananeni nokuxhomekeka kwezidakamizwa okuyizinto zokuzama ukugwema / ukugwema izindlela ezibalulekile. Abacwaningi abaningana baye baphikisa ukuthi ngaphakathi kwesinqumo esithinta izidakamizwa, abantu bangase bakhombise ukuthambekela kokuya noma ukugwema isenzo esithinta izidakamizwa. Esifundweni samanje abakwa-123 abesilisa abesilisa abesilisa abesilisa nabesifazane baqedile indlela yokuVimbela-Ukugwema (AAT; I-Rinck no-Becker, i-2007) iguquliwe ngezithombe zobulili ezingcolile. Ngesikhathi ababambiqhaza be-AAT bekufanele baqhubekele inhlamba yezithombe zobulili ezingcolile noma badonsele kubo ngenjabulo. Ukuzwela ukukhathazeka ngokocansi, ukuziphatha okubi ngokobulili, nokuthambekela ekubhekaneni nokubheja ngocansi kwe-inthanethi kuhlolwe ngemibuzo.

Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi abantu abanokuthambekela ekubhekaneni nocansi lwe-inthanethi bavame ukungena noma ukugwema inhlamba yezithombe zocansi. Ukwengeza, ukuhlaziya okulinganisiwe kokuhlaziya kwembulwe ukuthi abantu abanezifiso eziphakeme zocansi kanye nokuziphatha okubi kobulili ababonisa ukuthambekela okuphezulu / ukugwema, babike izimpawu eziphakeme zokulutha kwe-inthanethi ngocansi. I-Analogous to dependence properties, imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi kokubili ukuthambekela kokuzigwema nokugwema kungadlala indima ekubhekaneni nocansi lwe-inthanethi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenzisana nokuzwela ekuzijabuliseni ngokobulili nokuziphatha okubi kobulili kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ekukhulekeleni kwezikhalazo ezizithobayo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwe-inthanethi nge-inthanethi. Okutholakele kuhlinzeka ubufakazi obuningi bokuthi kufana nokufana kokulutha kocansi lwe-inthanethi nokuxhomeka kwemithwalo. Ukufana okunjalo kungahle kubuyele ekuqhutshweni kwe-neural efanayo kwe-cybersex- kanye nezici ezihlobene nezidakamizwa.

20) Ukunamathela ezintweni ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile? Ukusebenzisa ngokweqile noma ukunganakwa kwezimo zocansi zocansi esimweni esinabantu abaningi kuhlobene nezimpawu zokulutha kocansi lwe-inthanethi (Schiebener et al., 2015) - [ukuthanda / ukukhushulwa okukhulu nokulawulwa komphathi ompofu] - Ingcaphuno:

Abanye abantu basebenzisa okuqukethwe koxhumene ne-inthanethi, okufana nezindaba zobulili ezingcolile, ngendlela yokulutha, okuholela emiphumeleni emibi kakhulu empilweni yangasese noma emsebenzini. Enye indlela eholela emiphumeleni engalungile inganciphisa ukulawula okuphezulu kokuqondisa nokuziphatha okungase kudingekile ukuqaphela ukushintshwa komgomo phakathi kokusebenzisa i-inthanethi nokunye imisebenzi kanye nezibopho zokuphila. Ukuze sibhekane nalesi sici, siphenya abahlanganyeli besilisa be-104 abanesiphakamiso esiphezulu se-paradigm ngamasethi amabili: Isethi esisodwa sasinezithombe zabantu, enye isethi yayinezithombe zobulili ezingcolile. Kokubili ubeka izithombe kufanele zihlukaniswe ngokwezinqubo ezithile. Umgomo ocacile kwakuwukuba usebenze kuwo wonke umsebenzi wokuhlukanisa ngezilinganiso ezilinganayo, ngokushintsha phakathi kwamasethingi nemisebenzi yokuhlelwa ngendlela elinganiselayo.

Sithole ukuthi ukusebenza okulinganiselwe okuncane kule paradigm eningi kakhulu kuhlotshaniswa nokuthambekela okuphezulu ekubhekaneni nocansi lwe-inthanethi. Abantu abanalo mkhuba ngokuvamile basebenzisa ngokweqile noma banganaki ukusebenzela izithombe ezingcolile. Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi ukulawulwa kokulawula okunciphisisiwe ekusebenzeni kwe-multitasking, lapho kubhekene nezinto eziphathekayo zobulili ezingcolile, kungaholela ekuziphatheni okungasebenzi kahle kanye nemiphumela emibi ephumela ekulweni kwe-inthanethi nge-cyber. Kodwa-ke, abantu abanokuthambekela ekubhebhethekiseni i-inthanethi kubonakala sengathi banesifiso sokugwema noma ukubhekana nalokhu okushiwo yizocansi, njengoba kuboniswe ezinhlobonhlobo zokugqugquzela umlutha.

21) Ukuhweba Kamuva Imivuzo Yenjabulo Yamanje: Izithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Ukuchitha Nokunciphisa Ukuthengiswa (Negash et al., 2015) - [ukuphatha okuphambene kakhulu: ukuhlolwa kwe-causation] - Okucaphuno:

Isifundo 1: Ababambiqhaza bagcwalise iphepha lemibuzo lezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nomsebenzi wokubambezeleka wokubambezeleka ku-Time 1 baphinde babuye futhi emasontweni amane kamuva. Ababambiqhaza ababika ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezisezingeni eliphakeme bakhombisile inani eliphakeme lokunciphisa izaphulelo ku-Time 2, elawula isephulelo sokuqala sokulibaziseka. Isifundo 2: Ababambiqhaza abebengavumeli ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile babonise isephulelo sokubambezeleka esiphansi kunababambiqhaza ababengadli ukudla abakuthandayo.

Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zakwa-intanethi ngumvuzo wobulili owenza ukulibaziseka ukuphumula ngokwehlukile kunezinye izinzuzo zemvelo, ngisho nalapho ukusetshenziswa kungacindezeli noma kumlutha. Lolu cwaningo lwenza umnikelo obalulekile, kubonisa ukuthi umphumela uhamba ngaphezu kokuvusa okwesikhashana.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kunganikeza ukuzithokozisa okusheshayo ngokocansi kodwa kungaba nemiphumela ehamba phambili futhi ithinte ezinye izizinda zokuphila komuntu, ikakhulukazi ubudlelwane.

Ukutholwa kusikisela ukuthi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-Inthanethi ngumvuzo wobulili obangela ukuphuza ukuphumula ngokwehlukile kunezinye izinzuzo zemvelo. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuphatha izithombe zobulili ezingcolile njengesimo esiyingqayizivele ekufundiseni, ukuzikhandla, nokufunda izidakamizwa nokusebenzisa lokhu ngokuqondene nokwelashwa komuntu ngamunye kanye nokwabelana.

22) Ukuxhaswa ngokocansi nokubhekana nokungasebenzi ngokuqondile Ukunquma ukubhebhetheka ngokobulili ngocansi phakathi kwabantu abesilisa nabesilisa ocansini (Laier et al., 2015) - [ukulangazelela okukhulu / ukuzwela] - Ingcaphuno:

Okutholakele kamuva nje kukhombise ukuhlangana phakathi kobuchopho beCyberSex Addiction (CA) nezinkomba zokuthi kukhulu ngocansi, nokuthi ukubhekana nezimo zocansi kuqondise ubudlelwano phakathi kokuthokozela ucansi nezimpawu ze-CA. Inhloso yalolu cwaningo bekuwukuhlola lokhu kulungiswa kusampula yabesilisa abathandana nobungqingili. Amaphepha emibuzo ahlole izimpawu ze-CA, ukuzwela ukubonwa ngocansi, ukusetshenziswa kwethonya lezithombe ezingcolile, izinkomba zokuziphatha kwezocansi okunezinkinga, izimpawu zomqondo, kanye nokuziphatha kwezocansi empilweni yangempela naku-inthanethi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abahlanganyeli babuke amavidiyo wezithombe zocansi futhi bakhombisa ukuvusa inkanuko yabo ngaphambi nangemva kwevidiyo.

Imiphumela ikhombise ukuhlangana okuqinile phakathi kwezimpawu ze-CA nezinkomba zokuvusa inkanuko ngokobulili, ukubhekana nokuziphatha kocansi, nezimpawu zengqondo. I-CA ayihlotshaniswa nokuziphatha okungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi nokusebenzisa isikhathi se-cybersex kweviki. Ukulingiswa okuphathelene nezocansi kuhlukanise ingxenye yobudlelwano phakathi kokuchuma kocansi ne-CA. Imiphumela iqhathaniswa naleyo ebikiwe kwabesilisa nabesifazane abesilisa nabesifazane ezifundweni ezedlule futhi kuxoxwa ngayo ngemuva kwesisekelo sokucabanga kwe-CA, okuqokomisa iqhaza lokuqiniswa okuhle nokubi ngenxa yokusebenzisa i-cybersex.

23) Indima Ye-Neuroinflammation ku-Pathophysiology Ye-Hypersexual Disorder (Jokinen et al., 2016) - Ukuphendula ukucindezeleka okungasebenzi kanye nokuvuvukala kwegazi - Lesi sifundo sabike amazinga aphezulu ajikeleza i-Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) kumlutha wezocansi uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawula okunempilo. Amazinga aphakanyisiwe we-TNF (uphawu lokuvuvukala) nawo atholakale kubantu abahlukumeza izidakamizwa nezidakamizwa ezilutha izidakamizwa (utshwala, heroin, meth). Kwakukhona ukuxhumana okuqinile phakathi kwamazinga we-TNF nezilinganiso zokulinganisa ukulinganisa ubuhlobo bobulili obufanayo.

24) Ukuziphatha Ngokweqile Ngokwecansi: I-Prefrontal NoLimbic Volume kanye Nokusebenzisana (Schmidt et al., 2016) - [Amasekhethi angasebenzi kahle angaphambili kanye nokuzwela] - Lesi isifundo se-fMRI. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezilawuli ezinempilo ze-CSB (izidakamizwa ezingamanyala) zazinyuse ivolumu ye-amygdala yangakwesobunxele futhi yehlisa ukuxhumana okusebenzayo phakathi kwe-amygdala ne-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex DLPFC. Ukunciphisa ukuxhumana okusebenzayo phakathi kwe-amygdala kanye ne-prefrontal cortex ehambelana nokulutha kwezidakamizwa. Kucatshangwa ukuthi ukuxhumana okumpofu kunciphisa ukulawula kwe-cortex yangaphambili phezu kwethonya lomsebenzisi lokuzibandakanya ekuziphatheni okuluthayo. Lolu cwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi ubuthi bezidakamizwa bungaholela odabeni olungenampunga futhi ngaleyo ndlela banciphise ivolumu ye-amygdala eziluthweni lwezidakamizwa. I-amygdala isebenza ngokungaguquguquki ngesikhathi sokubukwa kocansi, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuvezwa kokuqala kokuya ocansini. Mhlawumbe ubuciko obuvamile bezocansi nokufuna nokufuna kuholela kumthelela oyingqayizivele ku-amygdala kubasebenzisi be-porn abacindezelayo. Ngenye indlela, iminyaka yokulutha kabi kocansi nemiphumela emibi emibi icindezela kakhulu - futhi cUkucindezeleka okungokweqile komphakathi kuhlobene nokukhula kwe-amygdala volume. Study #16 ngenhla wathola ukuthi "izilonda zocansi" zinesimiso sokucindezeleka ngokweqile. Kungenzeka yini ukucindezeleka okungapheli okuhlobene nokulutha kobulili / ngokocansi, kanye nezici ezenza ubulili obuhlukile, kuholele kumthamo omkhulu wama-amygdala? Ingcaphuno:

Iziphumo zethu zamanje ziqokomisa imiqulu ephakeme esifundeni esithintekayo ekubambeni kokugqugquzela nokuxhumeka okuphansi kwesimo sokuphumula kombuso we-prefrontal top-down amanethiwekhi wokulawula okulawulayo. Ukuphazanyiswa kwamanethiwekhi okunjalo kungachaza izindlela zokuziphatha ezingenasiphelo kumvuzo ongakusiza wemvelo noma ukuvuselelwa okuthuthukisiwe kuya emibhalweni eyinhloko yokukhuthaza. Nakuba ukutholakala kwethu kokuziphendukela kwemvelo kuqhathanisa nalabo abase-SUD, lezi zithole zingabonisa ukungafani njengokusebenza kwemiphumela ye-neurotoxic yokutholakala kwezidakamizwa ezingapheli. Ubufakazi obusukayo bubonisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kuncike ekutheni kube khona inqubo yokulutha izidakamizwa ngokusekela ikakhulukazi ukugqugquzela izintshisekelo zokugqugquzela. Siye sabonisa ukuthi umsebenzi kule nethiwekhi ye-salience yenziwa ngcono emva kokuchazwa kumazwi ahloniphekile noma okukhethwa ngawo ngokocansi [Brand et al., 2016; USeok noSohn, 2015; Voon et al., 2014] kanye nokunyanyiswa okuthuthukisiwe [uMechelmans et al., 2014] futhi ufisa okucacile ekuthandweni kocansi kodwa hhayi ngesifiso sobulili esijwayelekile [Brand et al., 2016; Voon et al., 2014].

Ukunakwa okwandisiwe kwezinkomba ezibonisa ucansi kuyahambisana nokuthanda izintambo ezinesimo sobulili ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekisa ubudlelwane phakathi kwezimo zocansi kanye nokukhetha ukunakwa [Banca et al., 2016]. Lokhu kutholakala komsebenzi othuthukisiwe ohlobene neziqephu zobulili kuhluke kunomphumela (noma isisusa esingenakunqunywa) lapho ukuhlala okuthuthukisiwe, okungenzeka kuhambisana nomqondo wokubekezela, kwandisa okuthandwayo kwenzalo yezocansi (no Ban et al., 2016]. Ngokubonke lokhu okutholakele kusiza ekuqedeni i-neurobiology engezansi ye-CSB eholele ekuqondeni okukhulu kwesifo kanye nokuhlonza izimpawu zokwelapha ezingenzeka.

25) Umsebenzi we-Ventral Striatum Uma Ukubuka Izithombe Ezizikhethela Zobulili Ezingxenyeni Kuhlotshaniswa Nezibonakaliso Zomlutha Wezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Ze-Inthanethi (I-Brand et al., 2016) - [ukucubungula okukhulu / ukuvuselela] - Isifundo se-fMRI saseJalimane. Ukuthola i- #1: Umsebenzi wesikhungo somvuzo (i-ventral striatum) yayiphezulu kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezikhethiwe. Ukuthola #2: I-Ventral striatum reactivity ehlobene ne-internet yokulutha ubulili. Zombili iziphumo zikhombisa ukuzwela futhi zihambelane ne imodeli yokulutha umlutha. Abalobi basho ukuthi "I-Neural isisekelo sokulutha kobulili ezingcolile kuyi-Internet kufaniswa nezinye izidakamizwa." Ingcaphuno:

Uhlobo olulodwa lomlutha we-intanethi lusetshenziswa ngokweqile ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile, okubhekwa nangokuthi ukubheja kocansi noma i-intanethi ye-Internet. Ucwaningo lwe-Neuroimaging lwathola umsebenzi we-ventral striatum lapho ababambiqhaza bebukele isenzo esicacile sobulili uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto ezingacacile zocansi / ezithandwayo. Manje sithemba ukuthi i-ventral striatum kufanele iphendule izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile eziqhathaniswa nezithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile futhi ukuthi umsebenzi we-ventral striatum kulokhu kuqhathaniswa kufanele uhlobaniswe nezibonakaliso ezizithobayo zokulutha kobulili ezingcolile kuyi-intanethi. Sifunde abathintekayo abesilisa abane-19 abesilisa abanesithombe sezithombe ezihlanganisa izinto eziphathekayo ezikhethwayo nezingazikhetheli.

Izithombe ezisuka kwisigaba esikhethiwe zilinganisiwe njengokuvusa okunye, okungajabulisi kahle, futhi okuseduze nakakhulu. Impendulo ye-Ventral striatum yayinamandla esimweni esithandwayo kuqhathaniswa nezithombe ezingakhethi. Umsebenzi we-Ventral striatum kule mpikiswano wawuhlotshaniswa nezimpawu ezizimele ze-Inthanethi zobulili ezingcolile zobulili. Ukuqina kwesifo esibucayi kwakuyiyona kuphela eyabonakalayo ekuhlaziyeni kokunciphisa ngokuphendula okuzenzekelayo njengezimo ezixhomeke ekuxhaseni nasezibonisweni ezibonakalayo zokulahla izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zobulili, ukuzijabulisa ngokobulili, ukuziphatha okuphathelene nokucansi, ukucindezeleka, ukuzwela komuntu siqu, nokuziphatha kocansi ezinsukwini zokugcina njengezibikezelo . Imiphumela isekela indima ye-ventral striatum ekucubunguleni umvuzo wokulindela nokwaneliseka okuxhunywe ekuphathweni kwezinto ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile. Izindlela zokulindela ukulindela ekutheni i-ventral striatum ingabangela incazelo ye-neural yokuthi kungani abantu abanezintandokazi ezithile nezengqondo zobulili bengengozi yokulahlekelwa ukulawula kwabo ukusetshenziswa kwama-pornography e-intanethi.

26) Isimo esithintekayo se-Appetitive ne-Neural Ukuxhumana ezifundweni ezinezinkinga zokuziphatha ngokobulili (Compulsive Behavior behavior)Klucken et al., 2016) - [ukucubungula okukhulu / ukugqugquzela kanye nezifunda zokungasebenzi ezingasebenzi) - Lesi sifundo se-fMRI saseJalimane sichaza iziphumo ezimbili ezibalulekile ezivela I-Voon et al., I-2014 futhi I-Kuhn & Gallinat 2014. Okutholakele Okuyinhloko: I-correlates ye-neural yesimo sokunciphisa nokuxhumeka kwe-neural ishintshiwe eqenjini le-CSB. Ngokusho kwabaphenyi, ushintsho lokuqala - ukuvuselelwa kokuqina kwe-amygdala - kungahle kukhombise isimo esisetshenzisiwe ("izintambo" ezinkulu kunkomba zangaphambili ezingathathi hlangothi ezibikezela izithombe ezingcolile). Ushintsho lwesibili - lwehlise ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-ventral striatum ne-prefrontal cortex - kungaba uphawu lokungakwazi ukulawula imizwa.

Abaphenyi bathi, "Lezi [zinguquko] zihambisana nezinye izifundo eziphenya ama-neural correlates ezinkinga zokulutha kanye nokushoda kokulawula umfutho." Okutholakele kokuvuselelwa okukhulu kwe-amygdalar kuzinkomba (ukuzwela) futhi wehlisa uxhumano phakathi kwesikhungo somvuzo kanye ne-prefrontal cortex (ubuzenzisi) yizinguquko ezimbili zobuchopho obubonakalayo ekudakiseni izidakamizwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-3 yabasebenzisi be-porn-compulsive i-20 bahlushwa "yi-orgasmic-erection disorder." Ingcaphuno:

Ngokuvamile, ukugcizelela okwenziwe ukwanda komsebenzi we-amygdala kanye nokunciphisa okwenziwe nge-ventral-PFC yokuxhuma kuvumela ukuthi ucabangele nge-etiology nokuphathwa kwe-CSB. Izihloko ze-CSB zibonakala zijwayele ukuhlela ubudlelwane phakathi kwamacebo angathathi hlangothi kanye nezindlela zokuziphatha eziphathelene nobulili. Ngakho-ke, lezi zihloko cishe zingase zihlangane nezici ezenza ukuziphatha okusondelayo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lokhu kuholela ku-CSB noma kungumphumela we-CSB kumele uphendulwe ngokucwaninga kusasa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinqubo zokulawulwa kwezimo eziphuthemayo, ezibonakala ekunciphiseni ukuqhutshwa kwe-prefrontal ye-ventral, zingaphinde zisekele ukugcinwa kokuziphatha okunenkinga.

27) Ukuphoqeleka Kusetshenziselwa Ukusebenzisa Ngokungafanele Ukusetshenziswa Kwemithi Yezidakamizwa Nezingekho Emthethweni (Banca et al., 2016) - [ukucubungula okukhulu / ukuvuselela, izimpendulo ezenziwe ngcono] - Ucwaningo lwe-Cambridge University lwe-fMRI luqhathanisa izici zokucindezela kwezidakamizwa, izidakamizwa, izidakamizwa zegeyimu yevidiyo kanye nezidakamizwa ze-porn (CSB). Okucaphuno:

Ngokungafani nezinye izinkinga, i-CSB uma kuqhathaniswa ne-HV ibonise ukuthengwa okusheshayo emiphumeleni yokuvuza kanye nokukhuthazela okukhulu esimweni somvuzo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwenzekani. Izihloko ze-CSB azibonanga noma yikuphi ukukhubazeka okuqondile ekusetshenzisweni kokuguquguquka noma kokuguqula. Lokhu okutholakele kuguqulwa ngezinzuzo zethu zangaphambilini zokuzikhethela okuthuthukisiwe okwenziwe ngemiphumela yocansi noma yemali, jikelele ekhombisa ukuzwela okuthuthukisiwe ukuvuza (I-Banca et al., 2016). Ucwaningo oluqhubekayo olusebenzisa imivuzo ebonakalayo luboniswa.

28) Ukufuna Ukuziqhenya Ngokuziqhenya Ngokwezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Nokuzihlanganisa Ukubikezela Ukuthambekela Ngokweqile Kwesimo Sezinxushunxushu Ngesimo Sokusetshenziswa Kwesicansi Sezinsizakalo ZaseCyber ​​(Snagkowski et al., 2016) - [ukucubungula okukhulu / ukuvuselela, izimpendulo ezithuthukisiwe] - Lolu cwaningo oluyingqayizivele lubeke izihloko ezinhlobonhlobo zangaphambili ezingathathi hlangothi, ezabikezela ukubukeka kwesithombe socansi. Okucaphuno:

Akukho ukuvumelana mayelana nenqubo yokuxilongwa yokulutha kwe-inthanethi nge-inthanethi. Ezinye zilandela ukulandelana okufana nokuxhomekeka kwezidakamizwa, lapho ukufunda okuhlanganisayo kuyindlela ebalulekile. Kulolu cwaningo, amadoda e-86 angqingili abesilisa abesilisa aphelile i-Standard Pavlovian kuya ku-Instrumental Transfer Task eguquliwe ngezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ukuze aphenye ukufunda okuhlanganyelwe kokulutha kwe-inthanethi nge-cyber. Ukwengeza, ukufuna ukuzithoba ngenxa yokubukela izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nokuthambekela ekubhekaneni nocansi lwe-inthanethi kuhlolwe. Imiphumela yabonisa umphumela wokufisa ukuzithoba ekuthambekeni kokubhebhetheka ngocansi kwe-inthanethi, okulinganiswe ukufunda okuhlangene.

Sekukonke, lokhu okutholakele kukhomba iqhaza elibalulekile lokufunda ngokuzibandakanya ekuthuthukiseni umlutha we-cybersex, ngenkathi kunikeza ubufakazi obengeziwe bokufana phakathi kokuxhomekeka kwezidakamizwa nokuluthwa kwe-cybersex. Ngokufingqa, imiphumela yocwaningo lwamanje iphakamisa ukuthi ukufunda okuhambisana nakho kungadlala indima ebalulekile maqondana nentuthuko yokulutha kwe-cybersex. Ukuthola kwethu kuhlinzeka obunye ubufakazi bokufana phakathi komlutha we-cybersex nokuxhomekeka kwezidakamizwa njengoba kuboniswe ithonya lokufisa lokuzibandakanya nokufunda okuhambisana nalo.

29) Imodi iyashintsha ngemva kokubukela izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuyi-Internet zixhunyaniswa nezimpawu ze-Inthanethi-izithombe zobulili ezingcolile-ukubhekwa kwezifo (I-Laier noMkhiqizo, 2016) - [ukuthanda / ukukhushulwa okukhulu, ukungathandi kancane] - Amakhombandlela:

Imiphumela eyinhloko yocwaningo yukuthi ukuthambekela ekubhekaneni ne-Internet Pornography Disorder (IPD) kwakuhlotshaniswa kabi nokuzizwa kahle, ukuvuka, nokuzola kanye nokuqiniseka ngokucindezeleka okubonakalayo empilweni yansuku zonke kanye nesisusa sokusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi ngokufuna ukujabulisa nokugwema imizwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthambekela kwe-IPD kwakuhlobene kabi nemizwa ngaphambi nangemva kokubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-Intanethi kanye nokwanda kwangempela kwemizwa emihle nezolile.

Ubudlelwano phakathi kokuthambekela kwe-IPD nenjabulo efuna ngenxa yokusebenzisa i-Intanethi-ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuhlolwe ngokuhlolwa kokweneliseka kwe-orgasm. Ngokuvamile, imiphumela yocwaningo ihambisana nombono wokuthi i-IPD ixhunyaniswe nesisusa sokuthola ukwaneliseka ngokocansi nokugwema noma ukubhekana nemizwa ephikisayo kanye nokucabanga ukuthi ukuguquka kwemizwelo kulandela ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuxhunyaniswe ne-IPD (Cooper et al., 1999 futhi I-Laier neBrith, i-2014).

30) Ukuziphatha kocansi okunenkinga kubantu abadala: Izinhlangano eziguquguqukayo zomtholampilo, zokuziphatha, kanye ne-neurocognitive (2016) - [ukusebenza okusebenzayo okunamandla] - Abantu abanezinkinga zokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi (PSB) babonisa ukulahlekelwa okuncane kokuqonda. Lokhu okutholakele kubonisa ukuthi uhluphekile ukusebenza okuphezulu (ukungalungi) okuyinto a isici esiyinhloko sobuchopho esivela ezilutha izidakamizwa. Izingcaphuno ezimbalwa:

Omunye umphumela ophawulekayo kulokhu kuhlaziywa ukuthi i-PSB ibonisa izinhlangano ezibalulekile eziningana zezici ezingemtholampilo, okubandakanya ukuzethemba okuphansi, ukunciphisa izinga lokuphila, i-BMI ephakanyisiwe, kanye namazinga aphezulu okunciphisa izinkinga eziningana ...

... kungenzeka ukuthi izici zemitholampilo ezikhonjisiwe eqenjini le-PSB empeleni ziwumphumela wokuguquguquka kwezemfundo ephakeme okuholela kokubili kwe-PSB nezinye izici zomtholampilo. Esinye isici esingaba khona sokugcwalisa le ndima kungaba yizinkinga ezingenasici ezitholakala eqenjini le-PSB, ikakhulukazi lezo eziphathelene nokukhumbula, ukusebenza komfutho / ukulawula umfutho nokuthatha izinqumo. Kusukela kulesi sakhiwo, kungenzeka ukulandelela izinkinga ezibonakalayo kwi-PSB nakwezinye izici zomtholampilo, njengokungaboni kahle ngokomzwelo, ekulahlekeni okungokwengqondo ...

Uma izinkinga zokuzicabangela ezivezwe kulokhu kuhlaziywa empeleni ziyisici esiyinhloko se-PSB, lokhu kungase kube nemiphumela ephawulekayo emitholampilo.

31) I-Methylation ye-HPA Axis Izifo Ezihlobene Namadoda Nge-Dispersexual Disorder (Jokinen et al., 2017) - [impendulo yokucindezeleka engasebenzi, izinguquko ze-epigenetic] - Lokhu kuyilandela #16 ngenhla okuyinto eyatholakala ukuthi izilonda zocansi zinezinkinga zokucindezeleka ezingasebenzi - ishintsho esikhulu se-neuro-endocrine esibangelwa ukulutha. Ucwaningo lwamanje luthole izinguquko ze-epigenetic kuma-genes eziphambili ekuphenduleni komuntu nokucindezeleka. Ngezinguquko ze-epigenetic, ukulandelana kwe-DNA akushintshiwe (njengoba kwenzeka ngomsindo). Esikhundleni salokho, isakhi sithegiwe futhi inkulumo yayo ivuliwe noma iphansi (ividiyo emfushane echaza i-epigenetics). Izinguquko ze-epigenetic ezibikiwe kulolu cwaningo zenzeke ekusebenzeni kwe-CRF yegeni. CRF i-neurotransmitter nehomoni okushayela ukuziphatha okuluthayo ezifana nezifiso, futhi a umdlali omkhulu ezimweni eziningi zokuhoxiswa ezitholakalayo ngokuphathelene nazo izinto futhi izidakamizwa zokuziphatha, kuhlanganise umlutha wezocansi.

32) Ukuhlola Ubudlelwane Phakathi Kokuphoqeleka Ngokocansi Nokukhathazeka Ngamazwi Ahlobene Nezocansi Enkathini Yabantu Abasebenza Ngocansi (U-Albery et al., 2017) - [ukucubungula okukhulu / ukuvuselela, ukuhlenga izinhloso] - Lesi sifundo sichaza okutholakele lolu cwaningo lwe-2014 Cambridge University, okuqhathanisa ukubandlulula kwezidakamizwa ezingcolile ekulawuleni okunempilo. Nakhu okusha: Ucwaningo luhlobanise “iminyaka yokusebenza kocansi” ne-1) izikolo zokulutha ngokocansi kanye ne-2) imiphumela yomsebenzi wokubhekela ukunakekelwa.

Phakathi kwalabo abathole amaphuzu amaningi okuluthwa umlutha wokuya ocansini, iminyaka embalwa yolwazi lwezocansi yayihlobene nokucashelwa okukhulu (incazelo yokukhathalela). Ngakho ukuphoqeleka kobulili okuphakeme kunomlando + iminyaka embalwa yokwaziswa ngokocansi = izimpawu ezinkulu zokulutha (ukukhathazeka okukhulu, noma ukuphazanyiswa). Kodwa ukukhathazeka kokungacabangi kunciphisa kakhulu kubasebenzisi abaphoqelela, futhi kuyanyamalala enani eliphezulu kakhulu leminyaka yezocansi. Abalobi baphetha ngokuthi lo mphumela ungabonisa ukuthi iminyaka engaphezulu "yokucindezela ukwenza ucansi" iholela ekuziphatheni okukhulu noma ukuphazamiseka okujwayelekile kwempendulo yokuzijabulisa (ukufunwa kwenhloso). Isiqephu esivela esiphethweni:

Enye incazelo engenzeka yale miphumela ukuthi njengoba umuntu ekuphoqelela umuntu ezocansini ekuziphatheni okuphoqelela ngokwengeziwe, ithempulethi elivusa amadlingozi liqala ukwakheka [36-38] nokuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuziphatha ngokwedlulele kuyadingeka ukuze lelizinga elifanayo lomvuselelo lifezekiswe. Kuphikwa futhi ukuthi njengomuntu ozibandakanya ekuziphatheni okuphoqelela ngokwengeziwe, ama-neuropathways afanelwa amandla okuvuselelwa kocansi okuvamile noma izithombe bese abantu baphendukela ekuvuseleleni okukhulu ngokwedlulele ukuthola inkanuko efiswayo. Lokhu kuya ngokuhambisana nomsebenzi okhombisa ukuthi abesilisa 'abaphilile' bahlala ekukhuthazeni ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nokuthi le ndawo ibonakala ngokuncipha kokuphendula okungathandeki nokuthokozisayo [39].

Lokhu kuphakamisa ukuthi abahlanganyeli abasebenza kakhulu kwezocansi baye 'bakhubazeka' noma banganakwa kakhulu ngamagama 'ajwayelekile' ahlobene nocansi asetshenziswe ocwaningweni lwamanje futhi njengoba ukubonisa okunjalo kunciphisa ukunaka kokunaka, ngenkathi labo abanokuqina okuningana nabanolwazi oluncane besakhombisa ukuphazamiseka ngoba isisusa sibonisa ukuqonda okuqondwe ngaphezulu.

33) Ukusebenza Okusebenzayo Kwamadoda Okuzicabangela Ngokwecansi Nokungaxilisi Ngaphambi Kokubuka Nokubukela Ividiyo Eyingozi (I-Messina et al., 2017) - [ukusebenza okungenamandla, ukukhathazeka okukhulu / ukugqugquzela okukhulu] - Ukuvezwa kwesigungu esithintekayo se-porn esebenza emadodeni 'anezimo zokuziphatha ezicindezelayo,' kodwa hhayi ukulawula okunempilo. Isikhulu esiphezulu sokusebenza uma sibhekene nezigcawu ezihlobene nokulutha umlutha kuyimpawu zokuphazamiseka kwezidakamizwa (okubonisa kokubili zashintsha izifunda ze-prefrontal futhi ukuzwela). Okucaphuno:

Lokhu kutholakala kubonisa ukuguquguquka okungcono kwengqondo emva kokugqugquzela ngokobulili ngokulawulwa uma kuqhathaniswa nabathintekayo ngokocansi. Lezi zesekelo zisekela umqondo wokuthi amadoda abesilisa ocansini akufanele asebenzise ngokunenzuzo umphumela wokufunda ongakuthola ohlangothini, okungabangela ukuguqulwa kokuziphatha okungcono. Lokhu kungase kuqondwe njengokuntuleka komphumela wokufunda yiqembu eliphoqeleka ngokocansi lapho bevuselelwa ngokocansi, okufana nalokho okwenzekayo emjikelezweni wokulutha ngokocansi, okuqala ngezinga elikhulayo lokuqashelwa ngokocansi, okulandelwa ukuqaliswa kobulili izikripthi bese i-orgasm, ngokuvamile ihilela ukuchayeka ezimweni eziyingozi.

34) Ingabe Izithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Zingaba Umlutha? Ucwaningo lwe-FMRI lwabantu abafuna ukwelashwa kwezithombe ezingcolile zobulili eziyinkimbinkimbi Sebenzisa (I-Gola et al., 2017) - [ukucubungula okukhulu / ukuvuselela, izimpendulo ezenziwe ngcono] - Ucwaningo lwe-FMRI olubandakanya i-paradigm eyayiyingqayizivele yokuzimela lapho izimo zangaphambili ezingathathi hlangothi zazibikezela ukubukeka kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile. Okucaphuno:

Amadoda asebenzisa nokusebenzisa izithombe ezingcolile nge-porn (PPU) ahluke ekuphenduleni kobuchopho ukuze aqaphele ukubikezela izithombe ezithandayo, kodwa hhayi ekuphenduleni izithombe ezibucayi ngokwabo, ezihambisana isisusa somqondo wokudakwa. Lokhu kusetshenzwa kobuchopho kwakuhambisana nokugqugquzela kokuziphatha okukhulayo ukubuka izithombe ezithandanayo (ukufuna 'okuphakeme' okuphakeme). Ukubuyiselwa kwe-Ventral okubulalayo kwezingcaphuno zokubikezela izithombe ezithinta izithombe kwakuhlobene kakhulu nobukhulu be-PPU, inani lezithombe ezingcolile zobulili ngesonto kanye nenani lamakhompiyutha. Okutholakele kwethu kusikisela ukuthi njengezinto ezisetshenziswa ngokweqile kanye nokugembula kuphazamisa izindlela ze-neural and behavioral ezihlobene nokucubungula ukucubungula kwamaphuzu ezihlobene ngokubaluleka kwizici ezifanele emitholampilo ye-PPU. Lokhu kutholakala kusikisela ukuthi i-PPU ingase imele ukulutha kokuziphatha futhi ukuthi ukungenelela okuwusizo ekubhekiseni ukulutha kwezidakamizwa kanye nokusebenzisa izidakamizwa kufanele kuhlolwe ukujwayela nokusetshenziswa ekusizeni amadoda ane-PPU.

35) Izinyathelo Eziqaphelayo Nezingezona Zenhliziyo Yokuzizwa: Ingabe Ziyakhathaza Ngokuvame Ukusetshenziswa Kwezingcolile? (Kunaharan et al., 2017) - [ukujwayela noma ukungafuni ukuzwa] - Ucwaningo luhlolisise izimpendulo zabasebenzisi be-porn (ukufundwa kwe-EEG & Impendulo ye-Startle) ezithombeni ezahlukahlukene ezikhuthaza imizwelo - kufaka phakathi i-erotica. Ucwaningo luthole umehluko omkhulu wezinzwa phakathi kwabasebenzisi be-porn abasebenzisa imvamisa ephansi kanye nabasebenzisi be-porn abasebenzisa imvamisa ephezulu. Izingcaphuno:

Okutholakisayo kusikisela ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kubonakala sengathi kunethonya ekuphenduleni okungenakuqaphela kobuchopho ekucindezelweni kwemizwelo engaboniswa yi-self-report ecacile.

I-4.1. Ukulinganisa okucacile: Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi iqembu eliphezulu lokusebenzisa i-porn lilinganise izithombe ezibukeka sengathi zingathandeki ngaphezu kweqembu eliphakathi. Abalobi basikisela ukuthi lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yemvelo efana ne "soft-core" yezithombe "ezibukeka" eziqukethwe ku-database ye-IAPS ngaphandle kokunikeza izinga lokuvuselela okungase lifune, njengoba liboniswe nguHarper noHodgins [58] ukuthi ngokubuka njalo kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile, abantu abaningi bavame ukukhuphukela ekubukeni ukwaziswa okuningana ngokwengeziwe ukuze balondoloze izinga elifanayo lokuvuselela umzimba.

Isigaba semizwa "emnandi" sibone izilinganiso ze-valence zawo wonke amaqembu amathathu zifana kakhulu neqembu elisebenzisa kakhulu izilinganiso zezithombe njengezingajabulisi ngokwesilinganiso kunamanye amaqembu. Lokhu kungenzeka futhi kube ngenxa yezithombe “ezimnandi” ezethulwe zingavuseleli ngokwanele abantu abaseqenjini elisetshenziswa kakhulu. Ucwaningo lukhombise ngokungaguquki ukwehla komzimba ekusetshenzisweni kokuqukethwe ngenxa yemiphumela yendawo yokuhlala kubantu abavame ukuthola okuqukethe ezocansi [3, 7, 8]. Kuyizingxabano zabalobi ukuthi lo mphumela ungaba nemiphumela yemiphumela ebonwe.

I-4.3. I-Startle Reflex Modulation (SRM): Isihlobo esiphezulu se-amplitude startle effect esiboniswe emaqenjini asetshenziswayo aphansi nesiphakathi angacaciswa nalabo abaseqembu ngokuzigwema ukugwema ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile, njengoba bengase bakuthole kungabi mnandi kakhulu. Ngaphandle kwalokho, imiphumela etholakalayo ingase ibe ngenxa yomphumela wokuhlala, lapho abantu kula maqembu bebukela izithombe ezingcolile ezingaphezu kwalokho abakusho ngokucacile-mhlawumbe ngenxa yezizathu zokwenza amahloni phakathi kwabanye, njengoba imiphumela yokujwayela iboniswe ukwandisa amehlo e-lookle aphikisana nezimpendulo [41, 42].

36) Ukuvezwa kwe-Stimuli yezocansi kudonsa ukukhuphuka okuphezulu okuholela ekubandakanyekeni okuqhubekayo ekukhulekeleni kwe-Cyber ​​phakathi kwamadoda (I-Cheng & Chiou, 2017) - Ukuzikhandla okukhulu okusebenzayo, ukukhishwa okukhulu komzimba - ukuhlolwa kokucubungula] - Ezifundweni ezimbili ezivezwa ezenzweni zobulili ezibukwayo ziholela ku: 1) ukukhushulwa okukhulu kokubambezeleka (ukungakwazi ukulibazisa ukuthokoza), i-2) ukuthambekela okukhulu kokubandakanya ukuhlukumezeka kwe-cyber, i-3) ngaphezulu ukuthambekela kokuthenga izimpahla ezingekho emthethweni futhi uhlasele i-akhawunti yomuntu we-Facebook. Ukuhlanganiswa lokhu kubonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kocansi kuyandisa ukwanda futhi kunganciphisa imisebenzi ethile yokuphatha (ukuzithiba, ukwahlulela, imiphumela yokubona kwangaphambili, ukulawula ukucindezela). Umbhalo ocacile:

Abantu bavame ukubhekana nesimo socansi ngesikhathi sokusebenzisa i-intanethi. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukugqugquzela ukugqugquzela isisusa socansi kungabangela ukungabi nandaba okukhulu kwamadoda, njengoba kuboniswa ekukhishweni kwesikhathi esiningi (okungukuthi, ukuthambekela kokukhetha okuncane, okuzuzayo okusheshayo, okuzayo).

Ekuphetheni, imiphumela yamanje ibonisa ukuhlangana phakathi kocansi (isibonelo, ukuvezwa kwezithombe zabesifazane abashakazi noma izambatho zokuvusa ucansi) kanye nokubandakanyeka kwabantu ekuqhutshweni kwe-cyber. Okutholakele kwethu kusikisela ukuthi ukungathandeki komuntu nokuzithiba, njengoba kubonakaliswe ukukhipha isaphulelo sesikhathi, kungase kuvele ukwehluleka ekubhekaneni nesimo sobulili obukhona. Amadoda angase azuze ekuqapheliseni ukuthi ukuvezwa kwesenzo socansi kuhlotshaniswa nokukhetha nokuziphatha kwabo okulandelayo. Okutholakele kwethu kusikisela ukuthi ukuhlangabezana nesenzo socansi kungabangela amadoda emgwaqweni we-cyber delinquency

Imiphumela yamanje iphakamisa ukuthi ukutholakala okuphezulu kwezinto eziphathelene nobulili ku-intanethi kungase kuhlotshaniswe eduze nokuziphatha kwe-cyber-delinquent kwamadoda kunalokho okucatshangwa ngaphambilini.

37) Izibikezelo ze-(Okuyinkimbinkimbi) Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Inthanethi Izinto ezicacile ngokocansi: Umsebenzi Wokuziphatha Ngezocansi kanye Nendlela Ecacile Indlela Yokuziphatha Ngokwezinto Ezingcolile (ngocansi)Stark et al., 2017) - [cue greater reactivity / ukugqugquzela / ukuthanda] - Amaphuzu:

Ucwaningo lwamanje lucwaninga ukuthi isisusa sobulili nokuziphatha okubonakalayo ekutheni izinto eziphathelene nobulili zikhona yini izibikezelo zokusetshenziswa kwe-SEM enenkinga kanye nesikhathi esisodwa esichithwa ukubuka i-SEM. Esivivinyo sokuziphatha, sasebenzise umsebenzi wokuVimbela ukuVimbela (AAT) wokulinganisa ukuthambekela okuphelele kokuthinta izinto zocansi. Ukubambisana okuhle phakathi kokuthambekela okungahambi kahle kwe-SEM kanye nesikhathi esisodwa esichithwa ekubukeni i-SEM kungachazwa ngemiphumela yokuqaphela: Ukuthambekela okunamandla okungaqondakali kungachazwa njengengqayizivele yokubhekelela i-SEM. Isihloko esinalo ukukhathazeka singase sikhangwe kakhulu ezindabeni zobulili kwi-inthanethi okuholela ekutheni isikhathi esiphezulu sichithwa kumasayithi we-SEM.

38) Ukuqapha Ukulutha Kwezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile ezisuselwa kuNqubo yeComputerational Neurophysiological (Kamaruddin no-al., i-2018) - Umbhalo ocacile:

Kuleli phepha, indlela yokusebenzisa isignali yengqondo evela endaweni yangaphambili ithunyelwe ngokusebenzisa i-EEG ihlongozwa ukuthola ukuthi umhlanganyeli angase abe nomlutha wezocansi noma ngenye indlela. Isebenza njengendlela ehambisanayo yokubhalwa kwemibuzo ejwayelekile yengqondo. Imiphumela yokuhlola ibonisa ukuthi abahlanganyeli abanomlutha babe nemisebenzi yamagagasi aphansi e-region esifundeni sobuchopho uma kuqhathaniswa nabahlanganyeli abangewona umlutha. Kungabonwa ngokusebenzisa i-spectra yamandla esetshenziswa nge-Low Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography (LORETA). Ithimba le-theta libonisa nokuthi kukhona ukungafani phakathi komlutha nomlutha. Noma kunjalo, umehluko awusobala njengo-band band.

39) Ukuhluleka okukhulu kwezinto nokuguqulwa kwesimo sokuphumula kwesimo se-gyrus esesikhathini esiphakathi kwabantu abanezimo ezibucayi zobulili obucansi (Seok & Sohn, 2018) - [Ukushoda kwezindaba ezimpunga ku-cortex yesikhashana, ukuxhumana okumpofu kokusebenza phakathi kwe-temporal cortex kanye ne-precuneus & caudate] - Ucwaningo lwe-fMRI ngokuqhathanisa ngokucophelela imilutha yezocansi ("okuyinkinga yokuziphatha kwe-hypersexual") kwizifundo zokulawula okunempilo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezilawuli eziluthayo zocansi: 1) kunciphise izinto ezimpunga kuma-lobes wesikhashana (izifunda ezihambisana nokuvimbela izinkanuko zocansi); I-2) inciphise i-precuneus ekuxhumaneni okusebenzayo kwe-cortex yesikhashana (kungakhombisa ukungajwayelekile emandleni okudlulisa ukunaka) I-3) inciphise i-caudate ekuxhumaneni okusebenzayo kwe-cortex yesikhashana (kungavimbela ukulawulwa okuphezulu kokuya phansi kwezinkanuko). Izingcaphuno:

Lokhu kutholakala kubonisa ukuthi ukulahlekelwa kwesakhiwo ngaphakathi kwe-gyrus yesikhashana kanye nokuhlanganiswa okusebenzayo okusebenza phakathi kwe-gyrus yesikhashana kanye nezindawo ezithile (okungukuthi, i-precuneus kanye ne-caudate) kungabangela ukuphazamiseka ekuvimbelweni kwe-sexic emphakathini kubantu abane-PHB. Ngakho-ke, le miphumela iphakamisa ukuthi izinguquko ezakhiweni kanye nokuxhumana okusebenzayo ku-gyrus yesikhashana kungenzeka kube yizici ezithile ze-PHB futhi zingase zibe yiziphakamiso ze-biomarker zokuxilongwa kwe-PHB.

Ukugqama okubalulekile grey ku-tonsil kwesokudla ye-cerebellar nokuhlanganiswa okwandisiwe kwe-tereillar cerebellar kwesokunxele ne-STG kwesokunxele nakho kwabonwa .... Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi umthamo wegrey ukwanda nokusebenza okusebenzayo ku-cerebellum kuhlotshaniswa nokuziphatha okucindezelayo kubantu abane-PHB.

Ngokufingqa, i-VBM yamanje kanye nokuhlola okusebenzayo kubonisa ukulahlekelwa kwezinto ezimpunga nokuhlanganiswa okusebenzayo ku-gyrus yesikhashana phakathi kwabantu abane-PHB. Okubaluleke nakakhulu, isakhiwo esinciphile kanye nokuxhumana okusebenzayo akuhambisani kakhulu nobukhulu be-PHB. Lezi zitholakele zinikeza ulwazi olusha emisebenzini engezansi ye-neural ye-PHB.

40) Izindlela ezithinta i-intanethi-izithombe zobulili ezingcolile-sebenzisa isifo: Ukuhlukahluka kwamadoda nabesifazane ngokuphathelene nokukhathazeka kokuziqhenya kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile (I-Pekal et al., 2018) - [ukucupha okukhulu kokuqonda / ukukhuthaza, izifiso ezithuthukisiwe]. Izingcaphuno:

 Abalobi abaningana babheka i-Intanethi-izithombe zobulili ezingcolile-sebenzisa inkinga (IPD) njengesifo sokulutha. Enye yezindlela ezifundwe ngokujulile ekuphazamisweni kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa nokungasetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kuyindlela yokunaka ebhekiswe ezinkambisweni ezihlobene nokulutha. Ukuchema okubhekwayo kuchazwa njengezinqubo zokuqonda zomuntu ngamunye ezithinteka yizimpawu ezihlobene nokulutha okubangelwa ubukhali besikhuthazo esibekiwe uqobo. Kucatshangelwa kumodeli ye-I-PACE ukuthi kubantu abathambekele ekuthuthukiseni izimpawu ze-IPD ukuqonda okucacile kanye nokuqanjwa kabusha kokusebenza kanye nokulangazelela kuvela bese kukhula ngaphakathi kwenqubo yokulutha. Ukuphenya iqhaza lokunaka ekuthuthukiseni i-IPD, siphenye isampula labahlanganyeli besilisa nabesifazane abangu-174. Ukuchema kokunakwa kwakulinganiswa ne-Visual Probe Task, lapho ababambiqhaza kwakudingeka baphendule ngemicibisholo evela ngemuva kwezithombe zocansi noma ezingathathi hlangothi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ababambiqhaza bekufanele bakhombise ukuvusa kwabo ucansi okuvezwa yizithombe zocansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthambekela ku-IPD kukalwe kusetshenziswa iDemo ye-Shortnetsex Addiction. Imiphumela yalolu cwaningo ikhombise ubudlelwano phakathi kokucabanga okubucayi kanye nobukhulu bezimpawu ze-IPD ezihlukaniswe ngokwengxenye yizinkomba zokwenziwa kabusha nokulangazelela. Ngenkathi abesilisa nabesifazane bavame ukwehluka ngezikhathi zokuphendula ngenxa yezithombe zobulili ezingcolile, ukuhlaziya okuhlolisisa ukuvezwa kwembula kuveze ukuthi ukucabanga kokucabanga kwenzeka ngokuzimela ngokobulili ngokwesimo sezimpawu ze-IPD. Imiphumela isekela ukucatshangelwa komcabango kwemodeli ye-I-PACE maqondana nokusala okuyisikhuthazo kwezintambo ezihlobene nomlutha futhi kuyahambisana nezifundo ezibhekisa ekusetshenzisweni kabusha nasekufuneni ukuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa izidakamizwa.

41) I-Prefrontal eshintshiwe ne-Inferior Parietal Activity Ngesikhathi somsebenzi we-Stroop kuBantu abanezinkinga zokuziphatha ezingathandabuzi (Hypersexual behavior)Seok & Sohn, 2018) - [Abaphathi abampofu abasebenza ngokungasebenzi kahle kwe-PFC]. Izingcaphuno:

Ubufakazi obuthathayo bukhombisa ubudlelwane phakathi kokuziphatha okuyinkinga kwe-hypersexual (PHB) kanye nokuncipha kokuphathwa okuphezulu. Izifundo zemitholampilo zikhombisile ukuthi abantu abane-PHB bakhombisa amazinga aphezulu okuxakwa; kodwa-ke, kuncane okwaziwayo maqondana nezinqubo ezisetshenziselwa ukuphatha ukuphathwa okuphezulu kwe-PHB. Lolu cwaningo luphenye izixhumanisi ze-neural zokulawulwa okuphezulu kubantu abane-PHB nezilawuli ezinempilo besebenzisa umcabango ohambelana nokusebenza kwe-magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Abantu abangamashumi amabili nantathu abane-PHB kanye nababambe iqhaza abangama-22 abalawulwa ngokufanele bathola i-fMRI ngenkathi benza umsebenzi weStroop. Isikhathi sokuphendula kanye namanani wamaphutha kulinganiswa njengezinkomba ze-surrogate of management Executive. Abantu abane-PHB bakhombise ukusebenza kahle komsebenzi kanye nokusebenza okuphansi endaweni yangaphansi ye-dorsolateral preortal cortex (DLPFC) kanye ne-portetal cortex ephansi ye-portetal ephathelene nokulawulwa okunempilo ngesikhathi somsebenzi we-Stroop. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpendulo ezithembele komoya-mpilo kulezi zindawo zihlobene kabi nobunzima be-PHB. I-DLPFC efanele kanye ne-cortex ephansi ye-parietal ihlotshaniswa nokulawulwa kokuqonda kwengqondo okuphezulu nokunakwa okubonakalayo, ngokulandelana. Ukuthola kwethu kusikisela ukuthi abantu abane-PHB banciphise ukuphatha okuphezulu kanye nokusebenza okulimazayo ku-DLPFC efanele kanye ne-portetal cortex ephansi, enikeza isisekelo se-neural se-PHB.

42) Ukuziphatha nokungabi nesimo sombuso kubantu abesilisa abanokuthambekela ekufinyeleleni i-intanethi-izithombe zobulili ezingcolile-ukusebenzisa isifo (Antons & Brand, 2018) - [Izifiso ezithuthukisiwe, isimo esikhulu nokuziphatha okungathi sína]. Izingcaphuno:

Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi ukungahambi kahle komzimba kwakuhlobene nokuqina okukhulu kwe-Internet-i-pornography-ukusetshenziswa kwesifo (i-IPD). Ikakhulukazi labo besilisa abanomqondo ongathí sina wokuziphatha nokungabi nesimo sombuso esimweni sezithombe zobulili ezingcolile komsebenzi we-stop-signal kanye nalabo abanezifiso eziphakeme zokuzikhandla babonise izimpawu ezinzima ze-IPD.

Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi kokubili ukuziphatha nokuzikhandla kombuso kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni i-IPD. Ngokuhambisana nama-double-process models of Ukuba umlutha wezithombe, imiphumela ingase ikhombise ukungalingani phakathi kwezinhlelo zokuziphendulela nezingabonakali ezingase zibangelwe indaba yezocansi. Lokhu kungaholela ekulahlekelweni kokulawulwa kwe-intanethi-ukusetshenziswa kobulili ezingcolile nakuba kubhekana nemiphumela emibi.

43) Izinhlobonhlobo zokungafisi kanye nezici ezihlobene zihlukanisa phakathi kokuzithokozisa nokusetshenziswa okungavunyelwe kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi (UStephanie et al., 2019) - [izinkanuko ezithuthukisiwe, ukwehliswa okukhulu okubambezelekayo (ukungazenzisi), ukujwayela). Okucaphuno:

Ngenxa yemvelo yayo evuzayo, izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi (i-IP) zihloswe ngaphambili kokuziphatha okuluthayo. Ukwakhiwa okuhlobene nokungafaki komzimba kuye kwaboniswa njengabagqugquzeli bokuziphatha okuluthayo. Kulolu cwaningo, siphumelele ukuthambekela kokuzikhandla (ukuziphatha okungahambi kahle, ukwephuza ukuphulukiswa, nesitayela sengqondo), ukulangazelela i-IP, isimo sengqondo mayelana ne-IP, kanye nezitayela zokubhekana nabantu abasebenzisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-IP ngezikhathi ezithile zokuzilibazisa, ezokungcebeleka nokungekho emthethweni. Amaqembu wabantu abasebenzisa ukuzithokozisa-ngezikhathi ezithile (n = 333), ukusetshenziswa kokuzithokozisa (n = 394), nokusetshenziswa okungalawulwa (n = 225) ye-IP ikhonjwe ngezinsimbi zokuhlola.

Abantu abanokusetshenziswa okungalawulwa bakhombise amaphuzu aphezulu kakhulu wokulangazelela, ukunganaki, ukubambezeleka kwesaphulelo, nokubhekana nokungasebenzi kahle, nezikolo eziphansi zokubhekana nokusebenza kanye nesidingo sokuqonda. Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi ezinye izici zokungacabangi nezinto ezihlobene nokulangazelela kanye nesimo sengqondo esingesihle kucacisiwe kubasebenzisi be-IP abangalawulwa. Imiphumela nayo iyahambisana namamodeli ezinkingeni ezithile zokusebenzisa i-inthanethi nokuziphatha okuluthayo….

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abasebenzisa i-IP engalawuleki babenesimo esingesihle nge-IP ngokuqhathaniswa nabasebenzisi bokuzijabulisa njalo. Lo mphumela ungaphakamisa ukuthi abantu abasebenzisa i-IP engalawuleki banesisusa esikhulu noma banxusa ukusebenzisa i-IP, noma kungenzeka bahlakulele isimo esingesihle ngokusetshenziswa kwe-IP, mhlawumbe ngoba sebevele behlangabezana nemiphumela emibi exhumene nephethini yabo yokusebenzisa i-IP. Lokhu kuyahambisana nombono wokukhuthaza ukuthambekisa (IBerridge neRobinson, 2016), okuphakamisa ukusuka ekuthandweni kokufuna ngesikhathi sokulutha.

Umphumela owengeziwe othakazelisayo wukuthi ubungako bomthelela wokuhlolwa kwe-post-hoc ngamaminithi ngehora ngalinye, uma kuqhathaniswa nabasebenzisi abangagunyaziwe nabasebenzisi bokuzithokozisa-njalo, bekuphakeme uma kuqhathaniswa nemvamisa ngesonto. Lokhu kungabonisa ukuthi abantu abane-IP abangasebenzisi ngokungavunyelwe ikakhulukazi banenkinga yokuyeka ukubuka i-IP phakathi neseshini noma badinga isikhathi esiphezulu ukuze bazuze umvuzo oyifunayo, ongafaniswa nehlobo lokubekezelelana ngezidakamizwa zokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa. Lokhu kuvumelana nemiphumela evela ekuhlolweni kwedayari, okwembise ukuthi izinkinga zobulili ezingcolile ziyingxenye yezimo eziphathekayo kakhulu kubantu abafuna ukwelashwa abanokuziphatha okuphoqeleka ngokobulili (IZwiecha et al., 2018).

44) Sondela kokukhuthaza izisulu zabafundi basekolishi labobulili obuhlukile abasebenzisa ezocansi (I-Skyler et al., 2019) - [ukuthuthuka kwendlela ethuthukisiwe (ukuzwela)]. Izingcaphuno:

Imiphumela isekela umbono wokuthi abafundi besilisa basekolishi abasebenzisa abesilisa nabesifazane abasebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile bashesha ukusondela kunokugwema izisusa zangasese ngesikhathi somsebenzi we-AAT… .. Lokhu okutholakele nakho kuhambisana nemisebenzi eminingi ye-SRC ephakamisa ukuthi abantu abayimilutha babonisa ukuthambekela kwesenzo sokusondela kunalokho kunokugwema ukuthonya okuluthayo (UBradley et al., 2004; Inkambu et al., 2006, 2008).

Sekukonke, okutholakele kusikisela ukuthi indlela yokwenza izinto eziluthayo ingaba impendulo esheshayo noma elungiselelwe ukwedlula ukugwema, okungachazwa ngokuhlangana kokunye ukucwasana kokuqonda ekuziphatheni okuluthayo… .. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaphuzu aphelele ku-BPS ahlobene kahle nendlela izikolo zokuchema, okukhombisa ukuthi lapho ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi eziyinkinga kukhula kakhulu, izinga lezindlela zokuziphatha okunamandla kakhulu liqina. Le nhlangano iphinde yasekelwa yimiphumela ephakamisa ukuthi abantu abanezinkinga zokusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, njengoba kuhlukaniswe yi-PPUS, bakhombise ngaphezu kwe-200% yezindlela zokuqina ezinamandla zezisusa zobulili eziqhathaniswa nabantu abangenawo ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi eziyinkinga.

Kuthathwa ndawonye, ​​imiphumela iphakamisa ukufana phakathi kwemithi kanye nezidakamizwa zokuziphatha (UGrant et al., 2010). Ukusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile (ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa okuyinkimbinkimbi) kwaxhunyaniswe nezinyathelo ezisheshayo ezenzakazisayo ezingaphezu kwezindlela ezingahambisani nalokho, indlela yokuqhathanisa inqubo efana neyokuboniswa kwezidakamizwa zokusebenzisa utshwala (Inkambu et al., 2008; I-Wiers et al., 2011), ukusebenzisa i-cannabis (UCousijn et al., 2011; Inkambu et al., 2006), nokuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa ugwayi (UBradley et al., 2004). Ukuqhekeka phakathi kwezici zokucabangela kanye nezinqubo ze-neurobiological ezihilelekile kokubili izidakamizwa nezidakamizwa ezingcolile ezisebenzayo kubonakala sengathi zihambisana nezifundo zangaphambili (UKowalewska et al., 2018; UStark et al., 2018).

45) I-Hypermethylation ehlobene ne-MicroRNA-4456 ekuphazamisekeni kwe-hypersexual nethonya le-putative on signing oxytocin: Ukuhlaziywa kwe-methylation ye-DNA yezakhi zofuzo ze-miRNA (UBostrom et al., 2019) - [uhlelo lokucindezeleka olungasebenzi kahle]. Ukutadisha ngezihloko ezinobungqingili (ukubheja kocansi / ucansi) kubika izinguquko ze-epigenetic ezibonisa lezo ezenzeka ezidakwa. Izinguquko ze-epigenetic zenzeka kwizakhi zofuzo ezihambisana nohlelo lwe-oxytocin (olubalulekile othandweni, ekuhlanganiseni, ekuluthweni umlutha, ekucindezelekeni, ekusebenzeni ngokocansi, njll. Izingcaphuno:

Ekuhlaziyweni kwenhlangano ye-DNA methylation egazini le-peripheral, sikhomba amasayithi we-CpG ahlukile ahlobene ne-MIR708 ne-MIR4456 ephawuleka ngokwehlukana kakhulu kwiziguli ze-hypersexuality disorder (HD). Ngaphezu kwalokho, sibonisa ukuthi i-hsamiR- 4456 ehambisana ne-methylation locus cg01299774 ngokwehluka ngokwe-methylated encike ekuncomeni kotshwala, siphakamisa ukuthi kungahlanganiswa ngokuyinhloko nengxenye yomlutha obonwe ku-HD.

Ukubandakanyeka kwendlela yokusayina ye-oxetocin ekhonjwe kulolu cwaningo kubonakala kunomthelela omkhulu ezimeni eziningi ezichaza i-HD njengoba kuhlongozwayo nguKafka et al. [I-1], njengokufisa kwesifiso sobulili, ukuphoqelela, ukufakwa kwezilingo kanye (nocansi) nomlutha.

Ekuphetheni, i-MIR4456 inezinkulumo eziphansi kakhulu ku-HD. Ucwaningo lwethu lunikeza ubufakazi bokuthi i-DNA methylation ku-cg01299774 locus ihlotshaniswa nesisho se-MIR4456. Le miRNA ibeka ngokusobala izakhi zofuzo ezivezwa ngokukhethekile ezicini zobuchopho futhi zibandakanyeka kuma-musorms amakhulu emisipha yamangqamuzana acatshangelwe ukuthi ahambelana ne-pathogenesis ye-HD. Ukuthola kwethu kusukela ekuphenyweni kokushintshwa kwe-epigenome kunomthelela ekucaciseni izindlela zemvelo ngemuva kwe-pathophysiology ye-HD ngokugcizelelwa okukhethekile kwi-MIR4456 neqhaza layo emthethweni we-oxytocin.

46) Ukuhluka kwevolumu yendaba Grey kulawulo lwethonya nokuphazamiseka okuluthayo (UDraps et al., 2020) - [Ukuzikhohlisa: ukwehla kwe-cortex yangaphambilini kanye nodaba lwangaphakathi lwe-cortex grey]. Izingcaphuno:

Lapha siqhathanisa ama-grey ndaba amavolumu (ama-GMVs) emaqenjini abantu abanokuphazamiseka kokuziphatha kocansi okucindezelayo (CSBD), ukugembula (GD), kanye ne-drug use disorder (AUD) nalabo abangenakho kwalokhu kuphazamiseka (abahlanganyeli abalawula kahle ama-HCs).

Abantu abathintekayo (CSBD, GD, AUD) ngokuqhathaniswa nababambiqhaza be-HC bakhombise ama-GMV amancane esigxotsheni sobungakwesobunxele, ngqo ku-cortex ye-orbitofrontal. Umehluko oshiwo kakhulu wabonwa emaqenjini e-GD ne-AUD, kanye nokuncane kakhulu eqenjini le-CSBD. Kube nokuhlobana okungekuhle phakathi kwama-GMVs kanye nobunzima bokuphazamiseka eqenjini le-CSBD. Ukwehla okuphezulu kwezimpawu ze-CSBD kwaxhunyaniswa nokuncipha kwe-GMV ku-anterior cingulate gyrus kwesokudla.

Lolu cwaningo lungolokuqala olukhombisa ama-GMV amancane ngamaqembu ama-3 emitholampilo we-CSBD, GD ne-AUD. Ukuthola kwethu kusikisela ukufana phakathi kokukhubazeka okuthile kokulawula ukuthinteka kanye nemilutha.

I-anterior cingrate cortex (ACC) ifakwe ukusebenza ngokulawulwa kwengqondo, icubungula isisusa esingesihle [56], [57], ukucubungula iphutha lokubikezela, ukufunda ngomvuzo [58], [59] kanye ne-cue-reactivity [60], [34] . Ngokuphathelene ne-CSBD, umsebenzi we-ACC ekuphenduleni izinkomba ezibonisa ucansi waxhunyaniswa nesifiso sobulili emadodeni ane-CSBD [61]. Amadoda ane-CSBD abuye abonise ukuthandwa okuthuthukisiwe kobunqunu bezocansi, obuhlobene ne-ACC habituation [62]. Kanjalo, okutholakele njengamanje kunweba izifundo ezisebenzayo ngaphambi kokuphakamisa ukuthi ivolumu ye-ACC iphathelene nokubaluleka kwe-CSBD emadodeni.

47) Amazinga aphezulu we-Plasma Oxetocin emadodeni ane-Hypersexual Disorder (UJokinen et al., 2020) [Impendulo yokungasebenzi kwengcindezi] .-- Kusuka eqenjini labacwaningi elishicilele izifundo ezi-4 zangaphambilini ze-neuro-endocrine kuma “hypersexourse” abesilisa ”(imilutha yezocansi / ezocansi). Ngoba i-oxytocin ibandakanyeka ekuphenduleni kwethu kokucindezelwa, amazinga aphezulu egazi ahunyushelwa njengesinkomba sohlelo lokuxinzelela ngokweqile kumilutha yezocansi. Lokhu kuthola kuhambisana nezifundo ezedlule zomcwaningi nezifundo ze-neurological ezibika impendulo yokuxineka kwengqondo kubahlukumezi bezidakamizwa. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ukwelashwa (i-CBT) kwehlise amazinga e-oxytocin ezigulini ezi-hypersexual. Izicashunwa:

Isifo se-Hypersexual (HD) esihlanganisa izici ze-pathophysiological njengokuncishiswa kwesifiso sobulili, ukuluthwa ngokocansi, ukungacabangi nokuphoqeleka kwaphakanyiswa njengokuxilongwa kwe-DSM-5. "Ukucindezelwa Kokuziphatha Ngokobulili Okuphoqelekile" manje sekuvezwa njengesifo esilawula umfutho ku-ICD-11. Izifundo zakamuva zikhombise ukungahambisani kahle kwe-HPA axis emadodeni ane-HD. I-Oxytocin (OXT) ithinta ukusebenza kwe-eksisi ye-HPA; azikho izifundo ezihlole amazinga we-OXT ezigulini ezine-HD. Ukuthi ukwelashwa kwe-CBT kwezimpawu ze-HD kunomthelela yini emazingeni we-OXT akukaphenywa.

Sihlole amazinga e-plasma OXT kuwo Iziguli zesilisa ezingama-64 ezine-HD kanye namavolontiya aneminyaka yobudala engama-38 ahambisane neminyaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sahlola ukuxhumana phakathi kwamazinga we-planethi we-OXT nezimpawu zobukhulu be-HD sisebenzisa isilinganiso esikala ukusebenza kwe-hypersexual.

Iziguli ezine-HD zazinamazinga aphezulu kakhulu we-OXT uma kuqhathaniswa namavolontiya anempilo. Kube nokuhlangana okuhle okubalulekile phakathi kwamazinga we-OXT nesilinganiso sokulinganisa sokulinganisa ukuziphatha kwe-hypersexual. Iziguli eziqeda ukwelashwa kwe-CBT zazinokwehliswa okukhulu kwamazinga we-OXT kusuka ekwelashweni kwangaphambi kokulashwa. Imiphumela isikisela uhlelo lwe-oxytonergic hyperactive kwiziguli zesilisa ezine-hypersexual disorder okungaba inqubo yokuthola ukucindezelwa kwe-hyperactive system system. Ukwelashwa kweqembu le-CBT okuphumelelayo kungaba nomthelela ohlelweni lwe-oxytonergic system.

48) Ukulawulwa kokuvinjezelwa kanye nokusetshenziswa okuyinselele kwe-inthanethi-nezithombe zocansi - Indima ebalulekile yokulinganisa ye-insula (Anton & Brand, 2020) - [ukubekezelelana noma ukujwayela] - Ababhali bathi imiphumela yabo ikhombisa ukubekezelelana, uphawu lwenqubo yokulutha. Izingcaphuno:

Ucwaningo lwethu lwamanje kufanele lubonwe njengendlela yokuqala egqugquzela ukuphenya kwesikhathi esizayo mayelana nokuhlangana phakathi kwezindlela zengqondo nezokufisa, ukusetshenziswa kwe-IP okunenkinga, isisusa sokuguqula isimilo, kanye nokulawulwa kokuvinjwa.

Kuhambisana nezifundo ezedlule (isib. I-Antons & Brand, 2018; Umkhiqizo, uSnagowski, uLaier, noMaderwald, 2016; I-Gola et al., 2017; Laier et al., 2013), wsithole ukuhlangana okuphezulu phakathi kokulangazelela okucashile kanye nokuqina kokusetshenziswa okuyinkinga kwe-IP kuzo zombili lezi zimo. Kodwa-ke, ukwanda kokulangazelela njengesilinganiso sokubuyiselwa kwe-cue kabusha akuhlotshaniswa nesibonakaliso sobunzima bokusetshenziswa okuyinkinga kwe-IP, lokhu kungahle kuhlobane nokubekezelelana (cf. UWry noBillieux, 2017) unikezwe ukuthi izithombe zocansi ezisetshenziswe kulolu cwaningo azange zenziwe ngezifiso ngokuthanda okulandelayo. Ngakho-ke, izinto ezingcolile zobuchwepheshe ezisezingeni elifanele ezisetshenzisiwe zingahle zingabi namandla ngokwanele okuphoqelela ukwenziwa kwe-cue kubantu abanezimpawu eziphakeme zokulwa okuhambisana nemiphumela ephansi kunamandla wokuphamba, okubonisayo, nokuqonda kanye nekhono lokulawula lokuvinjwa.

Imiphumela yokubekezelela kanye nezinto ezigqoqayo zingachaza ukusebenza okungcono kokulawula kokuvinjwa kubantu abanezimpawu eziphakeme zobunzima obe buhlotshaniswa nomsebenzi ohlukile wohlelo lokuqonda nokubonisa. Ukulawulwa okunqunyelwe kokusetshenziswa kwe-IP kungahle kube nomphumela wokuxhumana phakathi kwezinhlelo ezishukumisayo, ezikhombisayo, nezokuqonda.

Kuhlanganiswe ndawonye, ​​i-insula njengesakhiwo esiyisihluthulelo esimele uhlelo lokuqonda sinendima ebalulekile kulawulo lwe-inhibitory lapho izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zikhona. Idatha iphakamisa ukuthi abantu abanophawu olukhulu lokusetshenziswa okuyinkinga kwe-IP basebenze kangcono kulomsebenzi ngenxa yokuncipha komsebenzi wokufakwa ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwezithombe nomsebenzi owandisiwe ngesikhathi sokulawulwa kokuvinjwa kokuvinjwa. Tiphethini yakhe yokusebenza ingahle isuselwe kwimiphumela yokubekezelela, okungukuthi, ukuwohloka okuncane kohlelo olungaphoqeleli kubangela izinsiza ezingalawuleki zohlelo lokuqonda nokukhombisa.

Ngakho-ke, ukusuka ekuguqukeni ekuziphatheni okuphoqayo ngenxa yokuthuthuka kokusetshenziswa okuyinkinga kwe-IP noma isisusa sokuhlobene (okuhlobene nokugwema) kungahle kufaneleke, ukuze yonke izinsiza ibigxile emsebenzini futhi ihlukane nezithombe zocansi. Lolu cwaningo luba nomthelela ekuqondeni okungcono kokuncipha kokulawulwa kokusetshenziswa kwe-IP okucatshangwa ukuthi akubangelwa nje ukungalingani phakathi kwezinhlelo ezimbili kepha nokuxhumana phakathi kwezinhlelo ezingahambisani, ezibonisa ubuciko kanye nezokuqonda.

49) I-Testosterone ejwayelekile kodwa Amanqanaba aphezulu e-Luteinizing Hormone Plasma kuMadoda Ane-Hypersexual Disorder (2020) - [kungakhombisa ukuphendula kokungasebenzi kahle kwengcindezi] - Kusuka eqenjini labacwaningi elashicilela izifundo ezi-5 zangaphambilini ze-neuro-endocrine kuma- “hypersexuals” abesilisa (abesilisa nabesifazane abayimilutha yezocansi), okuveza izinhlelo zokushintsha kwengcindezi, uphawu oluyinhloko lokulutha (1, 2, 3, 4, 5.). Izicashunwa:

Kulolu cwaningo, sithole ukuthi iziguli ezingamaduna ezine-HD azinawo mehluko obalulekile emazingeni e-testosterone e-plasma ngokuqhathaniswa namavolontiya anempilo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, babenamazinga aphezulu we-plasma we-LH.

I-HD ifaka encazelweni yayo ukuthi lokhu kuziphatha kungumphumela wezindawo eziphakeme kakhulu kanye nengcindezelo,1 futhi sibike phambilini ukungasebenzi kwe-HPA axis13 kanye nezinguquko ezihlobene ne-epigenetic emadodeni ane-HD.

Kukhona ukusebenzisana okuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwe-HPA ne-HPG axis, yokuthokozisa kanye ne-inhibitory enokwehluka ngokuya ngesigaba sokuthuthuka kwengqondo.27 Imicimbi ecindezelayo ngemiphumela ye-eksisi ye-HPA ingadala ukuvimbela kokucindezelwa kwe-LH futhi ngenxa yalokho kabusha.27 Izinhlelo ze-2 zinokusebenzisana okuguqukayo, futhi izingcindezi zakuqala zingashintsha izimpendulo ze-neuroendocrine ngokuguqulwa kwe-epigenetic.

Izindlela ezihlongozwayo zingafaka ukusebenzisana kwe-HPA ne-HPG, inethiwekhi ne-umvuzo neural, noma ukuthintela komthethonqubo wokuphatha ukuphathwa kwezifunda zangaphambi kwecortex.32 Sengiphetha, sibika okokuqala ukukhuphuka kwamazinga e-plasma we-LH emadodeni aqukethe umzimba ngokuqhathaniswa namavolontiya anempilo. Lokhu okutholwe kusengaphambili kunomthelela ekukhuleni kwezincwadi ngokubamba iqhaza kwezinhlelo ze-neuroendocrine kanye nokufukuzwa kwe-HD.

50) Sondela kokukhuthaza izisulu zabafundi basekolishi abathandana nabobulili obuhlukile abasebenzisa ezocansi (2020) [ukuzwela futhi ukungafuneki] - UNUcwaningo lwe-euro-psychology lwabasebenzisi bezithombe zocansi besifazane lubika ukutholwa okubonisa lokho kubonwa kulabo ababonwa ezifundweni zokuluthwa kwezidakamizwa. Izindlela zokuthinta i-porn (sensitization) ne-anhedonia (desensitization) zazihlotshaniswa kahle nokusetshenziswa kocansi. Ucwaningo libuye lwabika: “sibuye sathola ubudlelwane obuhle obuphakathi kwezikolo ezilinganayo nezimpawu ezilandelwayo ku-SHAPS, enquma i-anhedonia. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi lapho indlela eya phambili yokuthambekela kokuthambekela okungajwayelekile ingena khona, injabulo engezansi umuntu ngamunye abike ukuba nayo“. Ngamafuphi, isibonakaliso se-neuropsychological senqubo yokulutha ehambisana nokuswela injabulo (i-anhedonia). Izicashunwa:

Indlela yokuthambekela, noma ukuthambekela kwesenzo okuzenzakalelayo kokuhambisa umzimba othize kunokuba kude nawo, kuyinqubo yokuqaphelisisa ebalulekile ebandakanyeka kwinqubo yokuqonda ebalulekile ebandakanyeka ekuziphatheni okuluthayo. Izinhlobo ezimbili zokucubungula umlutha wokuziphatha umlutha ziba ngumphumela wokungalingani phakathi kokudla, okungafuneki
ushayela nezinhlelo zokulawula eziphezulu. Ukuzibandakanya okuphindaphindekile ekuziphatheni okuluthayo kungaholela ekuthambekeleni kwesenzo okuzenzakalelayo lapho abantu abathile besondela kunokuba bagweme ukukhuthaza umlutha. Lolu cwaningo luhlole ukuthi ngabe indlela ethathayo yokuthambekela okukhohlisayo ikhona kubantu besifazane abaneminyaka yobudala ekolishi ababika besebenzisa izithombe zocansi.

Ababambiqhaza bakhombise indlela ebalulekile yokuphikisana okungama-24.81 ms ngesikhuthazo esixakile njengoba siqhathaniswa nesisusa sokungathathi hlangothi, kanye ne-t.indlela yakhe igxila kakhulu ehlobene Nezinkinga Zobulili Ezingcolile Sebenzisa Izikali. Lokhu okutholakele kuhambisana futhi kunwebisa okutholakele kwangaphambilini kubike indlela yokuthambekela kwesisusa esixakile phakathi kwabesilisa abavame ukusebenzisa izithombe zocansi (Sklenarik et al., 2019; Stark et al., 2017).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, Izindlela zokukhetha ezithandwayo zazihlobene kakhulu ne-anhedonia ekhombisa ukuthi uma iqina lendlela yezisusa zangamandla liqina, i-anhedonia eyengeziwe eyabonwa.… ..Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi lapho indlela eya phambili yokuthambekela kokuthambekela okungajwayelekile ingena khona, injabulo engezansi umuntu ngamunye abike ukuba nayo.

51) Izinkambo zocansi zishintsha ukusebenza kwememori yokusebenza nokusebenza kobuchopho emadodeni anokuziphatha okucindezelayo kocansi (2020) - [ukuzwela nokusebenza kwabampofu] - Izingcaphuno:

Ezingeni lokuziphatha, iziguli zehliswe yisetshenziswa yizithombe zobulili ezingcolile ngokuya ngokusetshenziswa kwazo kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ngesonto eledlule, okukhonjiswe ukusebenza okuphezulu kwi-lingual gyrus. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-girus ye-lingual ikhombisa ukuxhumana okuphezulu kokusebenza kwe-insula ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kogqozi lwezocansi eqenjini lesiguli. Ngokuphambene, izifundo ezinempilo zikhombisa izimpendulo ezisheshayo lapho zibhekene nezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuphela ezinomthwalo omkhulu wokuqonda. Futhi, iziguli zikhombise inkumbulo engcono yezithombe zobulili ezingcolile emsebenzini wokuqashelwa okumangazayo uma kuqhathaniswa nezilawuli, zikhuluma ngokubhekela okuphezulu kwezinto ezibonakalayo zocansi eqenjini lesiguli. Tukutholwa kwe-hese kuhambisana nomqondo wokukhuthaza umkhuba wokulutha, ikakhulukazi ukusebenza okuphezulu kwenethiwekhi ye-salience nge-insula njengesihluthulelo sokhiye nomsebenzi we-lingual ophakeme ngesikhathi sokucutshungulwa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ngokuya ngokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi kusanda kwenzeka.

…. Lokhu kungahunyushwa ngendlela izinto ezingcolile (mhlawumbe ngenxa yezinqubo zokufunda) ezinokubaluleka okuphezulu ezigulini futhi ngaleyo ndlela zenze ukusebenza kwe-salience (insula) kanye nenethiwekhi yokunaka (i-parietal engezansi), okuholela esikhathini esisheshayo sokuphendula njengobalulekile imininingwane ayihambelani nomsebenzi. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu okutholakele, umuntu angaphetha ngokuthi, ngezihloko ezibonisa i-CSB, izinto ezibonakalayo zobulili ezingcolile zinomphumela ophazamisayo ophakeme ngakho-ke ukuzwela okuphakeme. Kamuva, imininingwane isekela i-IST yokulutha kwe-CSB.

52) Inani lomvuzo olinganiselayo wesisusa sobulili olubhalwe kumakhodi ku-striatum yomuntu naku-orbitof Pambal cortex (2020) - [ukuzwela] - Izingcaphuno:

Isilinganiso esiphakeme silinganise isiqeshana se-VSS ezintweni ezivusa inkanuko yobulili noma ubugebengu, umsebenzi ophakeme esiwutholile ku-NAcc, ku-caudate nucleus nase-OFC ngesikhathi sokubukwa kwe-VSS. Ngaphezu kwalokho, tUbudlelwano phakathi kwezilinganiso zomuntu ngamunye zobulili obucashile kanye ne-NAcc kanye nomsebenzi we-caudate nucleus bekunamandla lapho izifundo zibika izimpawu zokusebenzisa kabi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile (i-PPU) ezikalwa yi-s-IATsex

Lokhu kwehluka ngakunye kokufakwa kokubhalwa kokukhethwa kukho kungahle kumelele indlela yokulamula ukusetshenziswa komlutha kwe-VSS okwenziwe ngabantu abathile. Asitholanga nje kuphela ubudlelwano be-NAcc kanye nomsebenzi we-caudate ngezilinganiso ezivusa inkanuko yocansi ngesikhathi sokubukwa kwe-VSS kodwa amandla ale nhlangano ababa mkhulu ngenkathi isihloko sibika ukusetshenziswa okunenkinga kakhulu kwezithombe zocansi (i-PPU). Umphumela uxhasa i-hypothesis, ukuthi izimpendulo zenani lokukhuthaza ku-NAcc futhi zihlukanise phakathi phakathi kwesifiso esithandwa ngokuhlukile, lapho isifundo sengihlangabezana ne-PPU. Lokhu kunweba izifundo ezedlule, lapho i-PPU ixhumeke ekuphenduleni okuphezulu kwe-VSS ngokuqhathaniswa nesimo sokulawula noma esingathandeki [29,38]. Ucwaningo olulodwa, lusebenzisa nomsebenzi we-SID, luthole umsebenzi we-NAcc owengeziwe ohambisana ne-PPU ekhuphukile ngesikhathi sokulindelwa kuphela [41]. Imiphumela yethu ikhombisa ukuthi umphumela ofanayo, okusho ukuthi kuguqulwe ukucubungula isisense okuhlobene ne-PPU, nawo ungatholakala esigabeni sokulethwa, kepha uma kukhethwa umuntu ngamunye. Ukwahluka okwandayo kwezimpawu zesikhuthazo senani le-NAcc kungakhombisa isidingo esengeziwe sokufuna nokubona i-VSS ethandwayo ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa komlutha.

Ngokunikwa le miphumela ingaphindwa, ingaba nemiphumela ebalulekile emtholampilo. Ukwahluka okwandayo kwezimpawu zenani lesisusa sokukhuthala kungaxhunyaniswa ekukhuleni kwesikhathi esichithwa ekufuneni izinto ezivuselelayo kakhulu, okuzoholela lapho ezindabeni empilweni yomuntu siqu noma ochwepheshe nasekuhluphekeni ngenxa yalokhu kuziphatha.

53) I-Neuroscience Yezokuxhumana Kwezempilo: Ukuhlaziywa kwe-fNIRS kwePrefrontal Cortex nokusetshenziswa kocansi kubantu besifazane abancane ekuthuthukiseni izinhlelo zezempilo zokuvimbela (2020) - Izingcaphuno:

Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi ukubukwa kwesiqeshana sezithombe zocansi (vs. isiqeshana sokulawula) kubangela ukwenziwa kusebenze kwendawo kaBrodmann engu-45 yezwe elifanele. Umphumela ubuye uvele phakathi kwezinga lokusetshenziswa okuzimele kanye nokusebenza kwe-BA 45 efanele: izinga eliphakeme lokusetshenziswa okuzimele, kukhulu ukusebenza. Ngokolunye uhlangothi, labo ababambiqhaza abangakaze badle okokusebenza kocansi ababonisi umsebenzi we-BA 45 elungile uma kuqhathaniswa nesiqeshana sokulawula (okukhombisa umehluko wekhwalithi phakathi kwabangewona abathengi nabathengi). Le miphumela iyahambisana nolunye ucwaningo olwenziwe emkhakheni wezidakamizwa. Kucatshangelwa ukuthi uhlelo lwesibuko se-neuron lungabandakanyeka, ngokusebenzisa indlela yozwela, engahle ivuse inkanuko evikelayo.

54) Amandla ahlobene nomcimbi okhethweni lwe-oddball olunezinqumo ezimbili zokuziphatha okungalawuleki kokulawulwa kokuziphatha phakathi kwabesilisa abanokuthambekela ekubhekaneni nokulutha kwe-inthanethi ngocansi (2020) - Izingcaphuno:

Ukulawulwa kokukhubazeka kokuziphatha okungakhubazekile (i-BIC) kuyaziwa ukuthi kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuziphatheni okuluthayo. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo aluhambisani nokuthi ngabe kunjalo yini nokulutha kocansi lwe-inthanethi. Lolu cwaningo luhlose ukuphenya inkambo yesikhathi se-BIC kubantu besilisa abanokuthambekela ekubhekaneni nokulutha kwe-inthanethi ngocansi (TCA) besebenzisa amandla ahlobene nomcimbi (ERPs) nokunikeza ubufakazi be-neurophysiological be-BIC yabo entula.

Abantu abane-TCA babephuthuma kakhulu kunabahlanganyeli be-HC futhi babelana ngezimpawu ze-neuropsychological kanye ne-ERP zokuphazamiseka kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa noma ukulutha kokuziphatha, okusekela umbono wokuthi ukulutha kocansi lwe-inthanethi kungacatshangwa njengokulutha kokuziphatha.

Ngokwethiyori, imiphumela yethu ikhombisa ukuthi ukuluthwa kwe-inthanethi ngocansi kufana nokuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa izidakamizwa kanye nokuphazamiseka kokulawula umfutho maqondana nokungabi namandla kumazinga we-electrophysiological kanye nokuziphatha. Ukuthola kwethu kungasusa impikiswano eqhubekayo mayelana nokuthi kungenzeka yini ukuba umlutha we-cybersex njengohlobo lwenoveli lokuphazamiseka kwengqondo.

55) Udaba olumhlophe lokucwaninga ngezinto ezithinta ucansi kanye nokucindezela kocansi - Ucwaningo lwe-Diffusion Tensor Imaging - Bukutadisha imvula ngokuqhathanisa isakhiwo sendaba emhlophe yezilonda zocansi / zocansi (CSBD) kuzilawuli. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezilawuli nezihloko ze-CSB. Izingcaphuno:

Lesi ngesinye sezifundo zokuqala ze-DTI zokuhlola umehluko phakathi kweziguli ezine-Compulsive Sexual Behaviors Disorder nezilawuli ezinempilo. Ukuhlaziywa kwethu kuveze ukwehliswa kwe-FA ezifundeni eziyisithupha zobuchopho ezifundweni ze-CSBD, uma kuqhathaniswa nezilawuli. Amapheshana ahlukanisayo atholakele ku-cerebellum (mhlawumbe bekukhona izingxenye zepheshana elifanayo ku-cerebellum), ingxenye ebuyayo ye-capsule yangaphakathi, i-corona radiata ephakeme kanye nodaba olumhlophe oluphakathi noma olungu-lateral.

Idatha yethu ye-DTI ikhombisa ukuthi ama-neural correlates we-CSBD ayagqagqana nezifunda ezibikwe ngaphambilini ezincwadini njengoba zihlobene zombili, ukuba umlutha kanye ne-OCD (bona indawo ebomvu ku I-Fig. 3). Ngakho-ke, isifundo samanje sikhombise ukufana okubalulekile ekunciphiseni okwabiwe kwe-FA phakathi kwe-CSBD nakho kokubili i-OCD nokulutha.

56) Ukubambezeleka kwesikhuthazo socansi kusithwebuli: Ukuqagela ngokocansi nokucubungula imivuzo, kanye nezixhumanisi ekusetshenzisweni okuyizinkinga kwezocansi nogqozi locansi - Okutholakele akuhambisani nemodeli yokulutha (i-cue-reactivity).

Imiphumela yamadoda we-74 ikhombisile ukuthi izindawo zobuchopho ezihlobene nomvuzo (i-amygdala, i-dorsal cingate cortex, i-orbitofrontal cortex, i-nucleus accumbens, i-thalamus, i-putamen, i-caudate nucleus, ne-insula) zenziwe zasebenza kakhulu ngamavidiyo wezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nezimpawu zocansi kune lawula amavidiyo nezinkomba zokulawula, ngokulandelana. Kodwa-ke, asibutholanga ubudlelwano phakathi kwalezi zinto ezenziwayo nezinkomba zokusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile eziyinkinga, isikhathi esichithwe ekusetshenzisweni kwezithombe zocansi, noma ngesisusa socansi.

Kodwa-ke, ababhali bayavuma ukuthi bambalwa, uma ngabe kukhona kulezi zihloko, ababeyimilutha ye-porn.

Ingxoxo neziphetho: Umsebenzi ezindaweni zobuchopho ezihlobene nomvuzo kuzo zombili izinto ezibukwayo zocansi kanye nezinkomba kukhombisa ukuthi ukwenziwa kwe-Sexual Incentive Delay Task kube yimpumelelo. Mhlawumbe, Izinhlangano phakathi komsebenzi wobuchopho obuhlobene nomvuzo nezinkomba zokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi eziyinkinga noma ezinesifo kungenzeka zivele kuphela kumasampuli anamazinga akhuphukile hhayi kusampula enempilo esetshenziswe esifundweni samanje.

Ababhali baxoxa nge-cue-reactivity (sensistization) kwezinye izidakamizwa

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi futhi ekuluthweni okuhlobene nezidakamizwa imiphumela ephathelene neTheory Yokukhuthaza Ukuzwela ayihambisani. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-meta okuningana kubonise ukukhuphuka kokuphindaphindwa kokukhonjwa ohlelweni lomvuzo (Chase, Eickhoff, Laird, & Hogarth, 2011; UKühn & Gallinat, 2011b; USchacht, u-Anton, noMyrick, ngo-2012), kepha ezinye izifundo azikwazanga ukuqinisekisa lokhu okutholakele (U-Engelmann et al., 2012; ULin et al., 2020; UZilberman, uLavidor, uYadid, noRassovsky, 2019). Futhi ekuluthweni kokuziphatha ukuphakama okuphezulu kokusebenza kunethiwekhi yomvuzo wezihloko eziluthayo uma kuqhathaniswa nezihloko ezinempilo kutholakala kuphela kwizifundo ezimbalwa njengoba kufingqiwe ekubukezweni kwakamuva kakhulu U-Antons et al. (2020). Kusukela kulesi sifinyezo, kungaphethulwa isiphetho sokuthi ukucubungula kabusha kokulutha kuguqulwe yizici eziningana njengezici ezithile kanye nezici ezithile zokutadisha (UJasinska et al., 2014). Ukuthola kwethu okungu-zero maqondana nokuhlangana phakathi kwento ebusayo kanye nezici zobungozi be-CSBD kungenzeka futhi ukuthi kungenxa yokuthi nesampula sethu esikhulu singabheka kuphela ukukhetha okuncane kwezinto ezingaba nomthelela. Izifundo ezengeziwe ezinkulu ziyadingeka ukwenza ubulungiswa kokuningi. Ngokwendlela yokwakhiwa, isibonelo, isimo sezimpawu sezinzwa noma ukwenziwa kwezibonelo ezithile kungabalulekile (UJasinska et al., 2014).

57) Abukho ubufakazi bokuncipha kokutholakala kwe-D2/3 ye-receptor kanye ne-hypoperfusion yangaphambili ezifundweni ezinokusetshenziswa okuphoqelekile kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile (2021)

Amanani e-Cerebral R1 ezindaweni zobuchopho ezingaphambili kanye nezilinganiso zokugeleza kwegazi lobuchopho azizange zehluke phakathi kwamaqembu.

58) I-Aberrant orbitofrontal cortex reactivity kwizimpawu ezithandekayo ku-Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (2021)- [ukuzwela - ukwenziwa kabusha okukhulu kwe-ventral striatum kanye ne-anterior orbitofrontal cortex kwizidakamizwa ezingcolile uma kuqhathaniswa nezilawuli ezinempilo] Izingcaphuno:

Iphethini esebenzayo ebonwe ezihlokweni ze-CSBD ezibandakanya ama-parietal cortices aphezulu, i-supramarginal gyrus, i-pre and postcentral gyrus, kanye ne-basal ganglia ingahle ikhombise ukuqiniswa (uma kuqhathaniswa nezilawuli ezinempilo) ukunakwa, ukunakekelwa kwemoto, nokulungiselelwa kwemoto ukuthola indlela yokuthola umvuzo nokuqeda (ukufuna) ku-CSBD ekhishwa yizimpawu zokubikezela (I-Locke & Braver, ngo-2008IHirose, uNambu, neNaito, 2018). Lokhu kuhambisana ne-Incentive Sensitization theory of addiction (URobinson neBerridge, ngo-2008) nedatha ekhona ngokuqanjwa kabusha kokuziphatha kokulutha (IGola & Draps, 2018UGola, uLizwiecha, et al., 2017Kowalewska et al., 2018I-Kraus et al., 2016bPotenza et al., 2017I-Stark, i-Klucken, i-Potenza, i-Brand, ne-Strahler, i-2018I-Voon et al., I-2014) ....

Okubaluleke kakhulu, ngemiphumela yokuhlaziywa kwe-ROI, lo msebenzi unweba imiphumela ekhishwe ngaphambilini (UGola, uLizwiecha, et al., 2017) ngokukhombisa lokho the impendulo ephakeme yomjikelezo womvuzo kumikhondo yomvuzo ovusa inkanuko ku-CSBD ayiveli kuphela ku-ventral striatum esigabeni sokulindela umvuzo kepha naku-anterior orbitofrontal cortex (aOFC). Ngokwengeziwe, umsebenzi okulesi sifunda nawo ubukeka uncike emathubeni okuthola umvuzo. Ukushintshwa kwesiginali ye-BOLD bekuphakeme kubantu be-CSBD kunasekulawuleni okunempilo, ikakhulukazi kumanani aphansi okungenzeka, angakhombisa ukuthi amathuba aphansi okuthola umvuzo ovusa inkanuko awanciphisi isisusa sokuziphatha ngokweqile esibangelwa ubukhona bezinkomba zomvuzo ovusa inkanuko.

Ngokuya ngemininingwane yethu, kungaphakanyiswa ukuthi i-aOFC ibamba iqhaza elibalulekile ekulamuleni ikhono elithile lezimpawu zezinhlobo ezithile zemivuzo ukukhuthaza isimilo sokufuna umvuzo kubahlanganyeli be-CSBD. Eqinisweni, indima ye-OFC ifakiwe kumamodeli wezinzwa zokuziphatha okuluthayo.

59) Ubufakazi be-Electrophysiological bokuthuthukiswa kokunaka okuthuthukisiwe kwezithombe zocansi kubantu abathambekele ekuluthweni kocansi lwe-inthanethi (2021) [ukuzwela/ukuqaphela ukuphinda kusebenze kanye nokujwayela/ukungazweli] Ucwaningo luhlole ukuziphatha kwemilutha ye-porn (izikhathi zokuphendula) nezimpendulo zobuchopho (EEG) ezithombeni zobulili ezingcolile nezingathathi hlangothi. Ngokuhambisana noMechelmans et al. (2014) ngenhla, lolu cwaningo luthole ukuthi imilutha ye-porn inokukhulu ekuqaleni ukunaka izinkanuko zocansi. Okusha ukuthi lolu cwaningo luthole ubufakazi be-neurophysiological balokhu ekuqaleni ukunaka izinkomba ezihlobene nokulutha. Izingcaphuno:

Ithiyori yokugqugquzela i-incentive sensitization iye yasetshenziswa ukuchaza ukunaka okuphathelene nezimpawu ezihlobene nokulutha kubantu abanezinkinga ezithile zokulutheka.Inkambu & Cox, 2008URobinson neBerridge, ngo-1993). Lo mbono uphakamisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa okuphindaphindiwe kwandisa impendulo ye-dopaminergic, kuyenze ibe bucayi kakhulu futhi ibonise ugqozi. Lokhu kubangela ukuziphatha okuyisici kwabantu abayimilutha ngenxa yesifiso sokuzwa okuhlangenwe nakho okubangelwa ukusabela kwezimpawu ezihlobene nokulutheka (URobinson neBerridge, ngo-1993). Ngemva kokuhlangenwe nakho okuphindaphindiwe kwesikhuthazo esinikeziwe, izinkomba ezihlobene ziyavela futhi zikhange, ngaleyo ndlela zidonse ukunaka. Okutholwe kwalolu cwaningo kubonise ukuthi [imilutha ye-porn] empeleni yaveza ukuphazamiseka okunamandla ekwahluleleni kombala wezithombe ezibeka obala ucansi ngokuhlobene nokungathathi hlangothi. Lobu bufakazi bufana nemiphumela ebikiwe ehlobene nezidakamizwa (U-Asmaro et al., 2014U-Della Libera et al., 2019) kanye nokuziphatha okungahlobene nezidakamizwa, okuhlanganisa nokuziphatha kocansi (UPekal et al., 2018Sklenarik, Potenza, Gola, Kor, Kraus, & Astur, 2019I-Wegmann & Brand, 2020).

Umphumela wethu wenoveli ukuthi abantu abanomlutha [wocansi] babonise ukuguqulwa kokuqala kwe-P200 okuhlobene nokungathathi hlangothi ekuphenduleni isisusa socansi. Lo mphumela uyahambisana nalowo we UMechelmans et al. (2014), obike ababambiqhaza abanokuziphatha kocansi okuphoqelekile okubonisa ukunaka okukhulu ekubekeni ingcaca ucansi kunezisusa ezingathathi hlangothi, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokubambezeleka kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kwesisusa (okungukuthi, impendulo yokuqala yokunaka). I-P200 ihlotshaniswa nokucutshungulwa okuphansi kwezisusa (UCrowley noColrain, ngo-2004). Ngakho-ke, okutholakele kwethu kwe-P200 kukhombisa ukuthi umehluko phakathi kwezisusa zocansi nokungathathi hlangothi zingabandlululwa abantu [abanomlutha wocansi] ezigabeni zokuqala zokunakwa ngesikhathi sokucubungula okuphansi kwezisusa. Ama-amplitudes e-P200 athuthukisiwe ekushukumiseni ucansi eqenjini [lokugqilazwa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile] kubonakala njengokubandakanyeka kokunaka kwangaphambi kwesikhathi okuthuthukisiwe ngoba amandla alezi zisusa ayanda. Ezinye izifundo ze-ERP zokulutha ziveze okutholakele okufanayo, okuwukuthi ukucwaswa kwezimpawu ezihlobene nokulutheka kuqala ezigabeni zokuqala zokucutshungulwa kwesisusa (isb. I-Nijs et al., 2010Versace, Minnix, Robinson, Lam, Brown, & Cinciripini, 2011U-Yang, u-Zhang, no-Zhao, ngo-2015).

Phakathi nesigaba sakamuva, esilawulwa kakhulu futhi esiqaphela kakhudlwana sokunaka kokunaka, lolu cwaningo lwathola i-LPP amplitude ephansi emilutha ye-porn (iqembu le-TCA ephezulu). Abacwaningi baphakamisa ukujwayela/ukungazweli njengezincazelo ezingaba khona zalokhu okutholakele. Kusukela engxoxweni:

Lokhu kungachazwa ngezindlela eziningana. Okokuqala, imilutha yocansi ku-inthanethi ingase ibe nokujwayela izithombe ezimile. Ngokusabalala kokuqukethwe kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuyi-Internet, abasebenzisi abavamile bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ku-inthanethi banamathuba amaningi okubukela amafilimu ezithombe zobulili ezingcolile namavidiyo amafushane kunezithombe ezimile. Uma kubhekwa amavidiyo ezithombe zobulili ezingcolile akhiqiza inkanuko ephakeme ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo kunezithombe ezibekela obala ucansi, izithombe ezimile ziholela ekuphenduleni okuncane ocansini. (Kokubili, Spiering, Everaerd, & Laan, 2004). Okwesibili, ukugqugquzela okunamandla kungase kubangele izinguquko ezibalulekile ze-neuroplastic (UKühn noGallinat, 2014). Ngokukhethekile, ukubuka njalo izinto zocansi kunciphisa umthamo wento empunga ku-dorsal striatum, isifunda esihlobene nokuvuka kwenkanuko yocansi. (I-Arnow et al., I-2002).

60) Izinguquko ku-oxytocin ne-vasopressin emadodeni anenkinga yokusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile: indima yozwela. [impendulo yokucindezeleka engasebenzi] Izingcaphuno:

okutholakele kusikisela izinguquko ezimbalwa ekusebenzeni kwe-neuropeptide ku-PPU futhi kubonise izixhumanisi zabo ekuzweleni okuphansi kanye nezimpawu ezinzima kakhulu ezingokwengqondo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokho esikutholile kusikisela ubudlelwano obuthile phakathi kwe-symptomatology yengqondo, i-AVP, i-oxytocin, uzwela kanye ne-hypersexuality ehlobene nezithombe zocansi, nokuqonda lobu budlelwano kungasiza ukuqondisa ukungenelela komtholampilo….

Nakuba preclinical izifundo zibonisa ngokuphindaphindiwe izinguquko ekusebenzeni kwe-oxytocin kanye ne-AVP kumamodeli ezilwane zokulutha, alukho ucwaningo lwabantu lwangaphambilini oluhlole ukuzibandakanya kwabo ngokuhlanganyela kubantu abane-PPU. Imiphumela yamanje iphakamisa izinguquko ku-oxytocin ne-AVP emadodeni ane-PPU njengoba kuvezwe emazingeni ayisisekelo, amaphethini okusebenza kabusha, ibhalansi ye-neuropeptide, kanye nezixhumanisi zokuxilonga okuhlobene nezithombe zobulili ezingcolile..

61) I-Neural kanye nokuziphatha okuhlotshaniswayo kokulindela ukuvuselela ucansi kukhomba ezindleleni ezifana nokulutha ekuziphatheni kocansi okuphoqelekile (2022) [sensitization] Lolu cwaningo lwe-fMRI luthole ukuthi imilutha ye-porn/sex (iziguli ze-CSBD) zinokuziphatha okungavamile kanye nomsebenzi wobuchopho ngesikhathi ukulindela yokubuka i-porn, ikakhulukazi ku-ventral striatum. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo luphinde lwathola imilutha ye-porn/ sex "bengifuna" i-porn ngaphezulu, kodwa ayizange "thanda" kungaphezu kokulawula okunempilo. Izingcaphuno:

Okubalulekile, lo mehluko wokuziphatha uphakamisa ukuthi izinqubo ezihilela ukulindelwa kwesisusa esivusa inkanuko nesingezona inkanuko zingashintshwa ku-CSBD futhi zisekele umbono wokuthi ukuvuza izindlela ezihlobene nokulindela ezifana nalezo ezinenkinga yokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kanye nezidakamizwa zokuziphatha zingadlala indima ebalulekile ku-CSBD. , njengoba kwakusikiselwe ngaphambilini (Chatzittofis et al., 2016UGola et al., 2018Jokinen et al., 2017UKowalewska et al., 2018UMechelmans et al., 2014Ipolitiki et al., 2013USchmidt et al., 2017Sinke et al., 2020IVoon et al., 2014). Lokhu kwabuye kwasekelwa yiqiniso lokuthi asizange siwubone umehluko kweminye imisebenzi yengqondo yokulinganisa ukuthatha ubungozi nokulawula umfutho, ukuphikisana nombono wokuthi izindlela ezijwayelekile ezihlobene nokuphoqeleka ziyadlalwa (UNorman et al., 2019Mar, Townes, Pechlivanoglou, Arnold, & Schachar, 2022). Ngokuthakazelisayo, isilinganiso sokuziphatha se-ΔRT sihlotshaniswa kabi nezimpawu zobulili obungavamile kanye nokuphoqeleka ngokocansi, okubonisa ukuthi ukuguqulwa kokuziphatha okuhlobene nokulindela kukhuphuka kanye nokuqina kophawu lwe-CSBD….

Okutholakele kwethu kusikisela ukuthi i-CSBD ihlotshaniswa nokuziphatha okushintshile okuhlotshaniswa nokulindela, okuhlobene kakhulu nomsebenzi we-VS ngesikhathi sokulindela izisusa ezivusa inkanuko. Okutholakele kusekela umbono wokuthi izindlela ezifana nezidakamizwa nokuziphatha zidlala indima ku-CSBD futhi ziphakamisa ukuthi ukuhlukaniswa kwe-CSBD njengokuphazamiseka kokulawula okungazelelwe kungase kuphikiswe ngokusekelwe kokutholwe yi-neurobiological.

62) Ukuxhumana Okusebenzayo Ku-Compulsive Sexual Behaviour Disorder - Ukubuyekezwa Okuhlelekile Kwezincwadi Nokufunda Ngabesilisa Abanobulili Obuhlukile (2022) [ukuzwela]

Sithole ukukhuphuka kwe-fc phakathi kwe-gyrus yangaphambili yesokunxele engaphansi kanye ne-planum temporale yesokudla kanye ne-polare, i-insula yesokudla nesobunxele, i-Supplementary Motor Cortex (SMA), i-parietal operculum yesokudla, naphakathi kwe-gyrus ye-supramarginal yesokunxele ne-planum polare yesokudla, naphakathi kwe-cortex ye-orbitofrontal kwesokunxele kanye kwesokunxele insula uma kuqhathaniswa CSBD kanye HC. I-fc enciphile ibonwe phakathi kwe-gyrus yesikhashana emaphakathi kwesokunxele kanye ne-bilateral insula kanye ne-parietal operculum yesokudla.

Ucwaningo beluyisampula yokuqala yocwaningo olukhulu olukhombisa amanethiwekhi obuchopho obu-5 asebenzayo ahlukanisa iziguli ze-CSBD ne-HC.

Amanethiwekhi obuchopho asebenzayo ahlukanisa i-CSBD ku-HC futhi anikeze ukusekelwa okuthile kokuzwela okugqugquzelayo njengendlela eyisisekelo yezimpawu ze-CSBD.

63) Umehluko wesakhiwo sobuchopho obuhlobene nokuphazamiseka kokuziphatha kocansi okuphoqelekile (2023)

I-CSBD ihlotshaniswa nokwehluka kobuchopho besakhiwo, okunomthelela ekuqondeni kangcono i-CSBD futhi ikhuthaze ukucaciswa okwengeziwe kwezinqubo ze-neurobiological eziwumsuka walesi sifo.

Izimpawu ze-CSBD zazinzima kakhulu kubantu ababonisa ukuhluka kwe-cortical okushiwo kakhulu.

Imiphumela evela ezifundweni zangaphambilini kanye nocwaningo lwamanje luhambisana nombono wokuthi i-CSBD ihlotshaniswa nokuguqulwa kobuchopho ezindaweni ezithintekayo ekuzwaneni, ukujwayela, ukulawula umfutho, nokucubungula umvuzo.

Okutholakele kwethu kusikisela ukuthi i-CSBD ihlotshaniswa nokwehluka kobuchopho besakhiwo. Lolu cwaningo luhlinzeka ngemininingwane ebalulekile emkhakheni ongakahlolisiswa kakhulu wokufaneleka komtholampilo futhi lukhuthaza ukucaciswa okwengeziwe kwezinqubo ze-neurobiological ezingaphansi kwe-CSBD, okuyimfuneko yokuthuthukisa imiphumela yokwelapha yesikhathi esizayo. Okutholakele kungase futhi kube nomthelela engxoxweni eqhubekayo mayelana nokuthi ukuhlukaniswa kwamanje kwe-CSBD njenge-impulse-control disorder kunengqondo yini.

Ngokubambisana lezi zifundo zemizwa zibike:

  1. Ubuchopho obuhlobene nobudlova obukhulu be-3 bushintsha: ukuzwela, ukungafuneki, Futhi ubuzenzisi.
  2. Ukusetshenziswa kocansi okuningi okuhambisana ne-grey less in circuit circuit (dorsal striatum).
  3. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-porn ngaphezulu okuhambisana nomsebenzi omncane wokuvuselelwa kwesifunda lapho ubheka izithombe ezincane zocansi.
  4. Futhi ukusetshenziswa okwengeziwe kwe-porn okuxhumene nokuxhunyaniswa kwe-neural okuphazamisekile phakathi kwesekethe lomvuzo ne-cortex yangaphambili.
  5. Izilingo zinezikhundla ezinkulu ezenzweni zobulili, kodwa umsebenzi ongaphansi kobuchopho obhekene nesimo esivamile (ukuhambisana nokulutha kwezidakamizwa).
  6. Ukusetshenziswa kobulili / ukuchayeka kocansi okuhlobene nokuphushulwa okukhulu okubambezeleka (ukungakwazi ukulibazisa ukuzithokozisa). Lokhu yisibonakaliso sokusebenza okuphephile okuphezulu.
  7. I-60% yezihloko eziluthayo ezingcolile zocansi ocwaningweni oluthile zathola i-ED noma i-libido ephansi nabalingani, kepha hhayi nge-porn: bonke bathi ukusetshenziswa kwe-porn kwe-inthanethi kubangele i-ED / low libido yabo.
  8. Ukuhlaziya okuthuthukisiwe kufana nabasebenzisi bezidakamizwa. Ibonisa ukuzwela (umkhiqizo we DeltaFosb).
  9. Ukufuna okukhulu nokulangazelela i-porn, kepha hhayi ukuthanda kakhulu. Lokhu kuhambisana nemodeli eyamukelwe yokulutha - ukukhuthaza ukukhuthaza.
  10. Izidakamizwa ezingcolile zinokuthandwa kakhulu kobuciko bocansi kodwa ubuchopho babo bujwayele ukujwayela izithombe zocansi. Ayikho ngaphambili.
  11. Abasha abasebenzisi bezithombe ezibucayi baningi kakhulu ekusebenziseni ukukhishwa kwesikhungo esikhwameni sokuvuza.
  12. Ukufundwa kwe-EEG ephakeme (P300) lapho abasebenzisi be-porn bezitholakala kuma-porn cues (okwenzekayo kwezinye izidakamizwa).
  13. Isifiso esingaphansi kocansi nomuntu ohambisana nokuqamba okukhulu-ukubuyisela emuva kwezithombe ezingcolile.
  14. Ukusebenzisa izithombe ezingcolile okuhlobene kakhulu ne-LPP ephansi ngamaplitude uma ubuka kancane izithombe zezithombe zobulili: kubonisa ukujwayela noma ukungafuni ukuhlaziya.
  15. Ama-axis ahlukumezayo e-HPA futhi aguqulwe ama-circuits okucindezeleka kwengqondo, okwenzeka emilonyeni yezidakamizwa (kanye nomthamo omkhulu we-amygdala, ohlobene nokucindezeleka okungapheli komphakathi).
  16. Izinguquko ze-Epigenetic ezakhiweni zofuzo ezisemqoka ekuphenduleni ukucindezeleka komuntu futhi ezihlobene ngokuhambisana nokulutha.
  17. Amazinga aphezulu we-Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) - eyenzeka futhi ekusebenziseni kabi izidakamizwa nokulutha.
  18. Iphutha ekubambeni kwe-gray cortex grey; uxhumano olubi phakathi kwebhizinisi lesikhashana kanye nezinye izifunda eziningana.
  19. Ukugudluzwa kombuso okukhulu.
  20. Yehliswe i-cortex yangaphambi kokuqala kanye ne-greyus ye-gingus ye-gterus engaphandle eqhathaniswa nezilawuli ezinempilo.
  21. Ukuncishiswa kwendaba emhlophe kuqhathaniswa nezilawuli ezinempilo.

Izihloko zibeka uhlu lwezifundo ezifanele kanye no-debunking okungalungile:

Ukwaziswa okungelona iqiniso kwe-Debunking:

  1. UGary Wilson udalula iqiniso ngemuva kwezifundo ze-5 ze-propagandists abathi zisekela abakushoyo ukuthi umlutha we-porn awukho nokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-porn kuzuzisa kakhulu: UGary Wilson - Ucwaningo Lwezocansi: Iqiniso noma Inganekwane (2018).
  2. Debunking "Kungani Sikhathazeke Ngokukhathazeka Ngokubuka Izithombe Ezingcolile?? ", NguMarty Klein, Taylor Kohut, noNicole Prause (2018).
  3. Indlela yokuqaphela ama-athikili athintekayo: Awakusho Prause et al. Ngo-2015 (bethi ngamanga ikwenza umlutha we-porn), ngenkathi kushiywa izifundo ezingama-40 zemithambo esekela umlutha wezocansi.
  4. Uma ufuna ukuhlaziywa kwesifundo ongasitholi kuleli khasi elithi "Ukuhlaziywa Kwezifundo Ezingabazekayo Nezidukisayo", hlola leli khasi: I-Porn Science Deniers Alliance (i-AKA: "RealYourBrainOnPorn.com" ne "PornographyResearch.com"). Kuhlola i Abaphuli bezimpawu ze-YBOP'"Ikhasi lokucwaninga," kubandakanya izifundo zalo ezikhethwe ngaphandle kakhulu, ukukhetha, ukukhohlisa okuhle nokukhohlisa.
  5. Ingabe uJoshua Grubbs udonsa uboya phezu kwamehlo ethu ngokucwaninga kwakhe "okucatshangelwa ukubheja kocansi"? (I-2016)
  6. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi i-Grubbs, i-Perry, i-Wilt, i-Reid isibuyekezo ayinaki ("Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezibangelwa ukungenakulungiswa kokuziphatha: I-Integrative Model eneSikhumbuzo esibucayi kanye nokuhlaziywa kwe-Meta-Analysis") i-2018.
  7. Abantu Abankolo Basebenzisa I-Porn Ezingaphansi Kakhulu Futhi Ngeke Bakhona Ukukholelwa ukuthi Bayiyisigqila (2017)
  8. I-Critique ye: Incwadi eya kumhleli "Prause et al. (I-2015) i-falsification yakamuva ukubikezela izidakamizwa"
  9. I-Op-ed: Ubani ngempela owehlisa isayensi kwizithombe zobulili ezingcolile? (I-2016)
  10. I-Debunking kaJustin Lehmiller “Ingabe Ukungasebenzi Kwe-Erectile Ngempela Kukhuphuka Kwabesilisa Abasha"(2018)
  11. Ukukhishwa kukaKris Taylor "Amaqiniso ambalwa aqinile mayelana ne-porn ne-erectile ukungasebenzi"(2017)
  12. Futhi Debunking "Ingabe kufanele ukhathazeke ngokusebenza kabi kwe-erectile okubangelwa ucansi? ” - nguDaily Dot's uClaire Downs. (2018)
  13. Kubhalwa phansi isihloko esithi “Impilo Yamadoda” sikaGavin Evans: “Ingabe Ukubuka Izithombe Ezibucayi Kuningi Okukunika Ukungasebenzi Kwe-Erectile?"(2018)
  14. Yeka ukuthi ubulili buhlukumeza kanjani ubudala bakho, nguPhilip Zimbardo, uGary Wilson noNikita Coulombe (Mashi, 2016)
  15. Okuningi kwi-porn: qapha ubukho bakho-impendulo kuMarty Klein, nguPhilip Zimbardo noGary Wilson (Ephreli, 2016)
  16. Ukudikibala ukuphendula kukaDavid Ley kuFiliphu uZimbardo: "Kumelwe sithembele kwisayensi enhle engxoxweni yezocansi"(Mashi, i-2016)
  17. Ukusabela kwe-YBOP ku-Jim Pfaus "Thembela ososayensi: ukulutha ngokocansi kuyindabakwane"(Januwari, i-2016)
  18. Ukuphendula kwe-YBOP kumacala ku-David Ley ukuphawula (ngo-Januwari, i-2016)
  19. Abacansi be-sexologists bayaphika ukuthi i-porn-iholele i-ED ngokufaka ukushaya indlwabu kuyinkinga (2016)
  20. UDavid Ley uhlasela ukunyakaza kukaNofap (Meyi, 2015)
  21. Ama-tweets e-RealYourBrainOnPorn: UDaniel Burgess, uNicole Prause kanye nama-pro-porn allies bakha iwebhusayithi ethambekele nama-akhawunti wezokuxhumana ukuze basekele i-ajenda yomkhakha we-porn (eqala ngo-Ephreli, 2019).
  22. Imizamo kaPrause yokuthulisa uWilson ibhuntshile; incwadi yakhe yokuvimbela inqatshelwe njengengasho lutho futhi ukweleta imali eningi yabameli esinqumweni seSLAPP.
  23. Ingabe Ukuyibiza Ngesiyaluyalu Sobulili Kuyingozi? Ividiyo debunking Madita Oeming's "Kungani Kudingeka Siyeke Ukukubiza Ngokulutha Kwezocansi".

Uhlu lwezifundo ezifanele (ngezingcaphuno):