Izindaba ezimbi zabasebenzisi be-Porn: Ukulutha Kwe-intanethi I-Atrophies Brains (i-2011)

AMAKHAYA: Ucwaningo oluningi luye lwashicilelwa kusukela lesi sihloko sabhalwa. Bona lokhu Uhlu lwe-Inthanethi Nomdlalo Wevidiyo Brain Izifundo.

Uma ukugembula kwe-intanethi kudala izidakamizwa, i-Internet engayitholi kanjani i-inthanethi?

Nazi ezinye izindaba ezisematheni zanoma ngubani oqeqeshwe ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kocansi kwe-Intanethi akunabungozi: Ubufakazi obuphathekayo bezinqubo zokulutha umlutha bubonakala ebuchosheni babadlali bevidiyo abathanda kakhulu i-Intanethi. Ngaphezu, ukusetshenziswa kwe-online erotica has amathuba amakhulu okuba acindezeleke kunokudlala imidlalo yase-Dutch ngokusho kwabacwaningi baseDashi.

Ngokusho kwenhloko ye-NIDA uNora Volkow, MD, neqembu lakhe lezi zinguquko ezintathu zomzimba chaza ukulutha: ukungafuneki (ukuphazamiseka kwempendulo yenjabulo yobuchopho), ukukhuthaza, nokuzenzisa. Lezi zinguquko ezifanayo zobuchopho (manje esezivele ziyimilutha ye-Intanethi) nazo ziyavela abagembula abanomdlavuza kanye nabahlukumezi izidakamizwa.

Isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-cocaine kukhukhula imijikelezo yomvuzo wobuchopho nge-dopamine. Amaseli emithambo ayaphendula, ngokushesha okukhulu noma okuncane, ngokunciphisa ukuphendula kwawo ku-dopamine. Njengomphumela walokho, abanye abasebenzisi bazizwa “becishiwe” (ukungafuneki). Bafuna ukukhuthazwa okukhulu (ukubekezelelana), futhi bathambekele ekunakekeleni izithakazelo, izinkomba kanye nokuziphatha okwakubalulekile kubo.

Ngasikhathi sinye, ngoba ubuchopho babo buqophile ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-cocaine kuzwakala kukuhle, bakhula bazwela kunoma yini abayihlanganisa ne-cocaine. I-powder emhlophe, igama elithi "iqhwa," indawo ababhemela kuyo, noma abangane ababesebenzisa nabo konke kuzodala ukuqhuma kwe-dopamine ephezulu kumjikelezo womvuzo, kubashayele ukuthi basebenzise (ukuzwela). Futhi, ΔFosB, iprotheni egcina izinkumbulo ezinamandla futhi ikhuthaza ukuphindaphinda, iqoqa ezindaweni eziyinhloko zobuchopho. Ngesinye isikhathi, i-ΔFosB iphinda iphakame nomsebenzi wobulili. (I-ΔFosB iyinhlangano ye-transcription, evumela futhi igweme izakhi ezithile zofuzo ukushintsha ukuxhumana kwe-synaptic)

Uma ukusetshenziswa okunzima kwe-cocaine kuqhubeka, ukwehliswa kwesisindo somjikelezo womvuzo kunciphisa umsebenzi ohambisanayo kuma-lobes angaphambili obuchopho babo. Manje, amandla wabasebenzisi wokulawula imizwa nokwenza izinqumo ezizwakalayo zibe buthakathaka, futhi i-cortex yabo yangaphambili ingase i-atrophy (ubuzenzisi). Ukuhlanganiswa ndawonye, ​​ukunciphisa ukuphendula okujabulisayo, ukufisa okufakiwe okumele kusetshenziswe, kanye nokulawulwa kokucindezelwa kokuphefumula kubangela umjikelezo ononya wokulutha.

Izidakamizwa zokuziphatha

Ukutadisha izidakamizwa ezingezona izidakamizwa kusesekusha impela. Kodwa-ke ochwepheshe sebebutholile ubufakazi obuphathekayo bokuthi izinhlobo zanamuhla zemivuzo yemvelo zingashintsha ubuchopho ngezindlela ezenziwa yimithi. “Imivuzo yemvelo” yimisebenzi / izinto ezisidukisayo ngoba kuthuthukise ukusinda kokhokho bethu, noma ukusinda kofuzo lwabo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, akuyona nje idlanzana elincane elinezinkinga esezikhona ezisengcupheni. Okuvamile, ubuchopho obuphilile bungashintsha. Kusho oneminyaka engu-37 enempilo, "Ngesikhathi ngiqala ukubuka i-porn online ngineminyaka engu-35, ngazizwa sengathi ngizoba ne-orgasm ngaphandle kokwakhiwa. Kungithinte kabi kanjani lokho. ”

Kuze kube manje, nali ikhadi lesikolo lokucwaninga. (Izinsuku zikhomba lapho ucwaningo lokuskena ubuchopho luveza ubufakazi bokugcina kwezinguquko ezintathu ezibalulekile ezihlobene nokulutha.)

  • Ukugembula okungokwemvelo - kufundwe iminyaka eyi-10, futhi kwengezwa kwi-DSM-5 ezayo njengomlutha (2010)
  • Ukulutha kokudla - (2010)
  • Ukulutha kwevidiyo ye-inthanethi - (2011)
  • Ukulutha kwezidakamizwa ze-intanethi - namanje akufundile nge-scans scans

Ngesinye isikhathi, isizathu sokuthi izifundo zokulutha izidakamizwa ze-inthanethi zibhekise ekuluthweni kokudlala, hhayi okungcolile, ukuthi zenziwa emazweni avimbela ukufinyelela kumasayithi we-porn- futhi uneminyaka (iChina, 2006 neKorea, 2007). Ngokungafani namanye amazwe, abanabasebenzisi abaningi be-porn abasindayo.

Nazi izifundo ezibonisa izinguquko ezintathu ezibucayi, ezingokwenyama ebuchosheni bama-addicts e-inthanethi (amabili asanda kukhishwa ngo-Juni, i-2011):

  • Impendulo ejabulisayo ehlonishwayo:  Ukuncipha kwe-D2 i-dopamine receptors ye-striater iyimpawu eziyinhloko zokwehliswa kwemiphumela yomzila wokuvuza, uphawu oluphawulekayo lwezo zonke izidakamizwa. Kulesi sifundo sokuhlola se-PET samadoda angenawo umlutha we-intanethi uma kuqhathaniswa.

I-Driamatic Dopamine Ye-DXMUMX Abamukeli Kubantu Abanobudisi be-Intanethi (2011)

"Inani elandayo locwaningo liphakamise ukuthi ukuluthwa kwe-Intanethi kuhlotshaniswa nokungajwayelekile ohlelweni lobuchopho lwe-dopaminergic… [Kulolu cwaningo] abantu abanomlutha we-Intanethi bakhombise amazinga anciphile okutholakala kwe-dopamine D2 receptor."

  • Ukuzwela: Kulesi sifundo, abafundi bekolishi badlala imidlalo yevidiyo ye-intanethi kumaviki e-6. Izindlela zenziwa ngaphambi nangemva. Lezi zihloko ezinesifiso esikhulu kakhulu nazo zinezinguquko kakhulu ebuchosheni babo obonisa inqubo yokuqala yokulutha umlutha. Iqembu lokulawula, eladlala umdlalo omncintisayo, wawungekho ushintsho lobuchopho obunjalo.

Izinguquko kwi-Cue Induced Prefrontal Cortex Umsebenzi ne-Game Game Play (2010)

"Lezi zinguquko ekusebenzeni kwe-lobe engaphambili ngokudlala imidlalo yamavidiyo enwetshiwe zingase zifane nalezo ezibonwa ngesikhathi sokuqala kokulutha. ”

  • I-Hypofrontality: Kulesi sifundo, abacwaningi bathole ukunciphisa kwe-10-20% kwindaba ebomvu ye-cortex yangaphambili ebantwaneni abanomlutha we-intanethi. Ukucwaninga kwezinye izidakamizwa sekuvele kusungulwe ukuthi ukwehla kokubaluleka kwe-frontal-lobe grey nokusebenza kuncishisa kokubili ukulawula ukucindezela kanye nokukwazi ukubikezela imiphumela.

Ukukhubazeka kwe-Microstructure ku-Adolescents nge-Internet Addiction Disorder. (I-2011)

“Ukuba khona kokulawulwa kwengqondo okungavuthiwe uma kuqhathaniswa, kwenza [isikhathi sobusha] isikhathi sengozini nokulungiswa, futhi kungaholela esimweni esiphakeme sokuphazamiseka kokuthikamezeka nokulutha phakathi kwentsha. Njengenye yezinkinga ezivamile zempilo yengqondo phakathi kwentsha yaseChina, i-intanethi yokulutha umlutha (IAD) njengamanje iba yimbi kakhulu. … Izinga lezehlakalo zokulutha kwe-inthanethi phakathi kwentsha yaseChina yasemadolobheni cishe ingu-14%. … Le miphumela ikhombisile ukuthi njengoba ukulutha kwe-inthanethi kuqhubeka, ubuchwephetsha besifo sobuchopho… besibucayi kakhulu. (Futhi bona lokhu ukutadisha kwaseChina ekuqaleni.)

Ukudlala nge-porn ne-video ku-intanethi kushukumisa ubuchopho ngendlela efana

Qhathanisa lezi zcaphuno ezimbili. Iyini mayelana nokulutha kwezidakamizwa ezingcolile futhi okuphathelene nokulutha ukugembula?

Asisayi ocansini. Asihambi ngobusuku bobusuku noma yini ndawonye. Ngizizwa nginecala kakhulu ngoba angisakwazi ukukuthatha. Kusukela emasontweni ama-2 singene emshadweni wami bengisongela ukumdivosa.

Abangani bami abathathu babonile ukuthi banenkinga, kepha 2 kubo bathi benze imizamo yokuyeka, futhi bacabanga ukuthi akukho lutho abangakwenza ngakho. *

Izici ezenza i-Internet ye-porn ne-video yokudlala ithandwa kakhulu yiyo esifanayo izici ezinikeza kokubili amandla okuhlukumeza i-dopamine kwezinye ubuchopho. Novelty futhi 'inkinga ephula ukwelindela'bobabili bakhipha i-dopamine, bathumele ubuchopho umyalezo wokuthi lo msebenzi ubaluleke kakhulu kunalokho oyikho. Imidlalo yevidiyo ephumelelayo iletha umlilo osheshayo wobusha nobumangazayo. Isizukulwane ngasinye semidlalo sidlula esokugcina kulezi zici.

Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zanamuhla nazo zihambisa zombili, futhi zihlale zizithwebula. Kunobusha obungapheli nokuthile okushaqisayo njalo okukhomba ngaphesheya kokuchofoza okulandelayo. Kukhona futhi ne-dopamine ekhishwe yi "hunt" ye-shot ephelele. Inoveli, ukushaqeka nokuzingela kumunca ukunakwa komsebenzisi ngoba ziphakamisa amazinga e-dopamine. Ukugxila okujulile kuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi basebenzise izindlela zabo zokwemvelo zokusuthisa futhi, kaningi, baphinde basebenzise ubuchopho babo ngezindlela ezithatha umzamo omkhulu wokuhlehlisa. Umlutha "ukufunda ngezifo."

Abadlali be-inthanethi kwesinye isikhathi babizwa nge- “adrenaline junkies.” Kodwa-ke, i-adrenaline (ekhishwa kwizindlala ze-adrenal) ibonakala ingenamphumela omncane kuzinqubo zokulutha. I-Dopamine, hhayi i-adrenaline, isenhliziyweni yazo zonke izidakamizwa. Ukwesaba nokukhathazeka kungathuthukisa izinqubo zokulutha ngenxa yama-neurochemicals akhishwe ebuchosheni (njenge-norepinephrine), kepha awakwenzi imbangela lezo zinqubo.

Ukubhekwa ngokocansi kungaba nzima ngaphezu kwemisebenzi yokudlala

Izimpi zokuklolodela nemibuzo eyingozi ngokungangabazeki bekuyizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu kokhokho bethu. Kungakho sithola ukuthi ukudlala kuzuzisa ngokwanele ukuthi singabanjwa. Nokho ukukhiqiza kabusha kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu kwizakhi zethu zofuzo. Njengokudla, ucansi lubalulekile empumelelweni yofuzo.

Ngokuphathelene nemiphumela ebuchosheni, ukusebenzisa i-intanethi ye-Internet kuhlanganisa izinto zokudla ukudla okunomusa kakhulu futhi ukukhuthazwa okungapheli kwemidlalo yevidiyo. Njengokudla okungenamsoco, i-Internet erotica inguhlobo lwe-hyperstimulating lwento esivele ngayo ukuthi siyazise kakhulu. I-erotica yanamuhla ibuye ihanjiswe ngomlilo osheshayo, ophakathi nendawo, ofana kakhulu nemidlalo yevidiyo eku-inthanethi. I-whammy ephindwe kabili ngokuya ngokulutha.

Kuyafaneleka ukucabangela lokho abacwaningi bobuchopho abakufundile ngokudla. Lapho amagundane enokufinyelela okungenamkhawulo ekudleni kokudlela, cishe bonke babonisa ukwehla okusheshayo kuma-receptors e-D2 (dopamine) (impendulo enenjabulo), bese binged ukukhuluphala. Ukudonsa kwe-D2-receptor kubonakala sengathi kushukumisela izilwane ezincelisayo thola ngangokunokwenzeka ngenkathi kuthola okuhle-kungakhathaliseki ukudla okuphezulu kwekhalori noma i-harem ethanda.

Hlala wazi ukuthi ukukhuthazwa kokudla okulinganiselwe kokudla kwakungeyona into evamile ngesikhathi sokuvela kwethu, kuze kube muva nje. Kungakho ukufinyelela okungenamkhawulo kokudla okungenamsoco kuyingozi kumagundane nakubantu. Ukuchofoza ngokuzikhandla kumakhulu wabantu abashisayo, abanoveli futhi kuyinkinga yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, futhi abesilisa abayisishiyagalolunye kwabayishumi abaneminyaka yobudala basekolishi base usebenzisa i-Internet ye-porn eminyakeni emithathu edlule. Ingozi, inikezwe ukulutha kwayo. Futhi, kubuyiselwa. Lapho abasebenzisi abanzima beyeka izithombe ze-porn, babika injabulo eyanda kakhulu kuzo zonke izici zokuphila (ngokuvamile emva kokudabukisayo ukuhoxiswa).

Buyela ekudleni. Eminyakeni yamuva, abacwaningi bezobuchopho baye baba nobufakazi bazo zonke izinqubo ezintathu zokulutha izidakamizwa ebuchosheni bokudla okudliwayo:

  • Impendulo ejabulisayo ehlonishwayo: Ucwaningo lwe-2010 kukhombisile ukuthi ukudla ngokweqile kuphazamisa ukujikeleza komvuzo, kukhulisa ubungozi bokuzuza isisindo esikhathini esizayo. Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-6, izingqondo zalabo ababedle ukudla “okumnandi” okuningi (okungukuthi, ukukhuluphalisa kakhulu) zakhombisa ukusabela okuncane enjabulweni kunezinye.
  • Ukuzwela: Ucwaningo lwe-2011 bathole ukuthi labo abathola amaphuzu aphezulu ekuhlolweni kokulutha ukudla (ukusebenza kwengqondo ngokuphendula izithombe zokudla) bakhombisa izimpendulo zobuchopho ezifana nezimpendulo zezidakamizwa.
  • I-Hypofrontality: Ucwaningo lwe-2006 kwembula ukuthi abantu abakhuluphele ngokweqile banezinkinga ebuchosheni ezindaweni ezihambisana nokunambitha, ukuzithiba, kanye nomvuzo — kufaka phakathi ukwehliswa kwezinto ezimpunga kuma-lobes angaphambili (i-atrophy). Kungenzeka ukuthi ukudla ngokweqile kubangele lezi zinguquko, njengoba isifundo esishiwo ngenhla siqinisekisile ukuguqulwa kobuchopho kusuka ekudleni ngokweqile.

Uma ukudliwa ngokweqile ngokudla okunomthelela kakhulu kungaholela ekuguqulweni kobuchopho kubantu abaningi (30% yamaMelika asuke ekhuluphele, futhi kuphela nge-10% ngenxa yokungafani kahle kwemithi ngokusho kwe-neuroscientist David Linden), kungenzeka kanjani ukuthi ukuvuselela ngokweqile ngokusebenzisa umsebenzi ocansi ocansini ohlukumezayo awukwazanga ukushintsha ubuchopho? Ukusetshenziswa kwe-inthanethi ye-inthanethi / i-cycling yobulili ngokuqinisekile akusikhuthazi kangako kunokudla okulingayo.

Ingabe umlando uyaziphindaphinda?

Umlando ugcwele izibonelo "zolwazi olujwayelekile" okuvele ukuthi kwaba nephutha lapho kuphenywa. Cabanga ngemajarini. Wonke umuntu "wazi" ukuthi kungcono kuwe kunebhotela. Ochwepheshe babelithemba leli “qiniso,” kangangoba babengalihloli ngisho neminyaka, futhi babehlala beluleka abantu ukuthi babeke imajarini esikhundleni sebhotela.

Ekugcineni, ochwepheshe bavivinya impilo yegargarine. Kuvela ukuthi ama-acids e-trans-fat (atholakala ku-margarine) aphakathi kwawo yingozi kakhulu amafutha. Zibi kakhulu kunabantu kunokuba ibhotela.

Abagxeki bangathi "akuhambisani nesayensi" ukusikisela ukuthi i-porn ye-Intanethi ingadala izinqubo zokulutha ebuchosheni ngoba ukulutha kwe-Intanethi kuyacaca. Empeleni, akuhambisani nesayensi ukuphakamisa okuphambene nalokho. Zonke imilutha, kufaka phakathi eyokuziphatha (ukugembula, ukudla, imidlalo yevidiyo) kukhombisa ukungazethembi (i-atrophy kanye nokuntuleka kokulawula umfutho). Ngokusobala, lokho abagxeki manje okudingeka bakunikeze kuqinile, ubufakazi besayensi obukhombisa ukuthi ukulutha kwezidakamizwa ze-inthanethi akuhlukile kulo mthetho. Ukuphakamisa ukuthi kusenokungabaza okukhulu mayelana nokulutha kwayo akuhambisani nesayensi, ngoba kucabanga ukuthi kufanele kube khona ezinye izifunda zobuchopho zokusetshenziswa kocansi ezingakatholakali.

Ubulili buphephile, kodwa ukucabanga ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-inthanethi ephephile kuphephile.

* Amazwi okuqala akhuluma ngokulutha ukugembula, okwesibili mayelana nokulutha kocansi.