By UChandra Johnson, Deseret Izindaba National Edition
NgoLwesine, uJan. 8 2015
KuCosette Rae, ukuphela komshado wakhe kwakukufa ngokuchofoza okuyinkulungwane.
URae nomyeni wakhe - bobabili basebenza njengabahleli bekhompiyutha kuma-2000 okuqala - asetshenziswe amahora phambi kwesikrini sekhaya ekhaya nasemsebenzini.
"Sigweme ukubhekana nezinkinga zethu ngokusebenza kanzima," kusho uRae. "Izinto eziningi obekufanele ngabe kubhekwane nazo okwamanje azizange zibhekwane nazo."
U-Rae wayengazi ukuthi usungule isifo esinamagama ahlukene emibuthanweni ehlukene yesifo sengqondo - ukulutha kwezobuchwepheshe, ukusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi okuphoqelekile noma, ngokuvamile, ukukhubazeka kwe-intanethi.
Lokho ayekwazi ukuthi wayengatholi isikhathi sokubeka izingane zakhe embhedeni.
"Kwakukhona izikhathi eziningi engingazange ngifunde izingane zami, noma ngabe ngifuna. Ukusebenzisana kwami nemidiya yedijithali kwaphazamisa ikhono lami lokuba ngumzali engangifuna ukuba, "kusho uRae. "Kwakuhlale njalo, 'Amaminithi emihlanu nje,' bese kuthi amahora amane ahambe."
U-Rae waba isazi sengqondo sengqondo futhi esekelwe kabusha, i-Washington state recovery center lapho abantu bezama ukulawula ukusetshenziswa kwazo.
Namuhla, ukulutheka kwedijithali - noma ngabe ukulungiswa yimidiya yezenhlalo, ukuthumela imiyalezo, imidlalo yevidiyo noma izithombe zobulili ezingcolile - kuyigama elingaqondakali. Kunzima ukwazi ukuthi bangaki abantu abathintekile, kepha a Isifundo se-2009 sigxile ekugembula uthole ukuthi ngamaphesenti angu-8 wezingane ezineminyaka engu-8 kuya ku-18 emhlabeni wonke afaneleke ukuba abe ngumlutha.
Lokho kumayelana nezingane eziyizigidi ezi-3, okuyinombolo esabisa uDkt Andrew Doan we-US Naval Substance Abuse and Recovery Programme eSan Diego.
"Asikho esinye isidakamizwa ozikhethele sona ongasithola ngezindleko zoxhumano lwe-Inthanethi noma mahhala kwi-hotspot ye-WiFi enomlutha njengokubulala izinhlungu," kusho uDoan.
Akuhlukile eMelika kuphela. Ucwaningo lwango-2014 olwenziwe ngudokotela wezengqondo uDaria Kuss e-UK e-Nottingham Trent University lubeke isilinganiso sokulutha ngokweqile kwidijithali cishe 26 amaphesenti ezingxenyeni zase-Asia. Ku-2008, i-China yaba yilawa mazwe okuqala emhlabeni ukumemezela ukulutha kwe-intanethi kwesinye sezingozi zayo zempilo yomphakathi, ukulinganisa ukuthi ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-20 izakhamuzi zakhona ziyizidakamizwa ze-intanethi.
Kodwa-ke i-American Psychiatric Association ayikaze ihlukanise ukulutha kwe-Intanethi njengokuphazamiseka encwadini yayo yokuxilonga, i-DSM. URae uthi sekuyisikhathi esifanele sokwenza izinguquko.
“Besingaqondile ukuthi lokhu kwenzeke ngesikhathi simasha singena kulomngcele omusha wedijithali onesibindi. Kodwa kunjalo, ”kusho uRae. "Kumele sizibuze ukuthi siwafaka kanjani la manetha okuphepha ezenzweni zethu ukuze sibe nobudlelwano obuhle nobuchwepheshe."
I-digital power
Imingcele yokulutha kwezidakamizwa ayichazwiswanga, kodwa ukulutha kwezidakamizwa kufana nezilingo zokuziphatha ezifana nokugembula okuphoqelela.
UKuss uthi kunobufakazi bokuthi ukulutha kwe-Intanethi kungashintsha amakhemikhali obuchopho.
Lapho ubuchopho buzwa okuthile okujabulisayo - isibonelo, ukunqoba umdlalo wevidiyo - imizwa emihle ivela ekugqibeleni kwe-dopamine, usho kanje. Uma othile eba umlutha kulo msebenzi, ama-neural receptors ebuchosheni agcwala uketshezi nge-dopamine futhi ngokuyisisekelo avaliwe, eholele umlutha wokufuna leyo mizwa ngokufutheka.
Lapho umsebenzi unqanyuliwe, kuthatha isikhathi ukuthi ama-receptors avuke, okuholela ekucindezelekeni, ekushintsheni kwemizwelo noma ekulahlekelweni ubuthongo. UDoan uthi isayensi idinga ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zemidiya ngokususelwa kulokho akubiza ngokuthi "amandla edijithali."
"Awuboni abantu beqala ukuba umlutha wePowerPoint," kusho uDoan. "Inselelo yethu ukuthola ukuthi into efana ne-Facebook inamandla kangakanani uma iqhathaniswa nento efana nokudlala imidlalo."
I-Doan iye yafunda ukulutha kwezidakamizwa ku-Navy. Usanda kushicilela iphepha eliphawulekayo mayelana nesimo se-serviceman eyodwa ayitholile umlutha ku-Google Glass.
U-Doan wabika ukuthi isiguli sasebenzisa i-Google Glass ngamahora we-18 ngosuku, sathukuthelelwa ngaphandle kwayo futhi saze sazibonela amaphupho njengokungathi wayebukela ngombonisi we-Google Glass.
UDoan akakhulumi ngoMnyango Wezokuvikela, kepha uthi ukulutha nge-Intanethi sekufike ezingeni lokuthi amasosha ase-US awaphenye ngenkuthalo njengesithiyo ekulungiseleleni amasosha. Ukhulume ngokungagwegwesi ngalokho akubonile kuthinta amasosha kuze kube manje - ukulungiswa kwezithombe zocansi eziku-inthanethi.
"Sikhuluma ngamadoda amancane, aphilile angena lapha anokungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile," kusho uDoan. “Izinsizwa ezingakwazi ukusondelana nabangane bazo bomshado.”
UDoan uthi lokhu akubonayo kuyisibonelo se-Coolidge Effect - ngokususelwa emcabangweni wokuthi isilwane esincelisayo sizokhwelana size sikhathale uma nje sivezwe kwabesifazane abahlukene. Ngenxa ye-Intanethi, abesilisa manje sebekwazi ukufinyelela okungenamkhawulo kokuqukethwe kwezithombe zocansi kunanini ngaphambili. UDoan uthi imilutha yezocansi yobudala obudijithali imvamisa idinga ukuba namawindi amaningi nezithombe ezivulwe ngasikhathi sinye ukuze zivuswe.
"Usebenzisa okuningi kuze kube yilapho ungakwazi ukuthola ukwakhiwa ngaphandle kwawo, ngakho-ke funa izinga elilandelayo," kusho uDoan. "Kungumuthi odala impendulo, njengeViagra."
Ukuthola usizo
Kwaphela iminyaka emithathu, uMatt McKenna waphila futhi waphefumula imidlalo yevidiyo. Umdlalo kaMcKenna awukhethile wawuyi-EverQuest - ebizwa nge-EverCrack enezimfanelo zayo zokulutha, kusho uMcKenna - umdlalo odlala indima online.
Njengomfundi wasekolishi, uMcKenna wadlala amahora angu-30 ngesikhathi, wayeka kakhulu lapho ephuma.
"Indlela engcono kakhulu engingayichaza ngayo ukuthi ngingathola i-buzz kusuka ekhanda noma ekunqobeni," kusho uMcKenna. "Ngangidla ukudla okushesha kakhulu engakuthola - okusanhlamvu noma okuthize - futhi ngangimane ngidlale ngize ngingabe ngisakwazi ukulala."
UMcKenna uphume esikoleni wahlukana nentombi yakhe, abekade ehlala nayo ngaleso sikhathi (“Angikholwa ukuthi wayehlala nami inqobo nje uma esahlala,” esho) - konke lokho akubiza ngokuthi umvuzo wakhe ongenalutho.
“Konke engangikufuna kwakuyileyo buzz. Empilweni yangempela, kufanele usebenze kanzima kulowo muzwa wokufeza okuthile futhi kuvame ukuzuzwa kahle. Kodwa kwezokudlala, awukusebenzeli kanzima, ”kusho uMcKenna. Ngemuva kwalokho uqala ukubona ukuthi yini ozimisele ukuyidela ukuze uyithole. ”
U-McKenna uzame ukuthola usizo ngokusebenzisa iwebhusayithi yokuthola i-Online Gamers Engaziwa, kodwa isikhathi esithandwayo sokubhekana nezinye izilonda angase akhulume naye emuntwini, kunokuba asebenzise inthanethi lapho angalingeka khona ukudlala.
"Uma kukubi, awufuni ngisho nokungena kwi-Intanethi," kusho uMcKenna. "Kodwa amaqembu amaningi asekelwa ku-inthanethi."
UMcKenna uphendukele ku-Alcoholics Anonymous, kepha akatholanga ukwesekwa okuningi.
"Awukwazi ukungena lapho bese uthi ungumlutha wokudlala," kusho uMcKenna. “Abakuqondi. Bakubheka sengathi uhlukile. ”
Okuhlangenwe nakho kukaMcKenna kufana nabasebenzi bomzabalazo abafanayo ababhekene nakho ukuthola ukulutha kwe-Intanethi kubonakale njengokuphazamiseka kokuziphatha okugcwele njengokugembula okuphoqelela.
"(Ukulutha kwe-Intanethi) kunemiphumela emibi ngokungafanele esingayinaki," kusho uKuss. "Baningi abantu lapha ngaphandle abahluphekayo."
Umgwaqo wokubuyisela uphethwe ngezindlela zokubuyela emuva, njengoba uMcKenna afunde. Okubi kakhulu, uthi, yimidlalo yamahhala angayithola efonini yakhe. Isiphequluli sakhe se-Intanethi siyisikhumbuzo saso sonke esidlule.
"Angikwazi ukukhetha ukungaphinde ngibone izikhangiso zemidlalo," kusho uMcKenna. "Okudingekayo nje ngokuchofoza okukodwa futhi ngibuyela ekudlaleni imidlalo."
Isiqu somzali
Ngesikhathi uDkt. Hilarie Cash ethatha isiguli esincane esasiyisilingo somdlalo wegeyimu wevidiyo yamaDungeons neDragons ku-1996, wacabanga into eyodwa: Indodana yakhe.
"Engangikubona kwakuwukucwila ngaphambi kukazamcolo," kusho uCash. “Bengingafuni agcine enje.”
I-Cash, eyasungula kabusha i-Rae ku-2009, ithi izidakamizwa ezigxile kwezobuchwepheshe ziqala ekhaya.
“Nganginomyeni ongitshela ukuthi unkosikazi wakhe ubebheka uFacebook ocingweni lwakhe noma nini lapho encelisa. Kuyinhlekelele, ”kusho uCash. “Iningi labazali linomcabango ongaqondakali, wokuzicabangela bona lapho becabanga ukuthi izingane zabo zizoba nobuhlakani ngoba zikule mishini. Kodwa ngokuvamile kungenxa yokuthi abazali bafuna ukusebenzisa izinto zabo. ”
Ngoba i-Intanethi iyingxenye yempilo yesimanje, i-reSTART ayishumayezi ukuyeka imidiya yedijithali, kepha icaba izinhlelo zokusebenzisa ngazinye.
"Ngake ngasebenza nowesifazane owayengumlutha wezithombe zobulili ezingcolile owathi uma nje ehleli ekhonsoli yakhe, wakhanyiswa," kusho uCash. "Lokhu kuwumlutha onzima kakhulu ngoba abakwazi ukuhlala bengekho."
URae uthi ukuphatha ukusetshenziswa kwedijithali kungasho ukuqapha iwebhusayithi noma ukuhlunga isoftware, ukubeka imikhawulo yesikhathi online noma ukuthenga izingcingo ze-analog kune-Smartphones. Akuyona inqubo elula, kusho uCash, yingakho imindeni idinga ukuqala ukubeka imingcele kusukela ekuqaleni.
“Izidingo zethu eziningi zomphakathi zingadunwa kwikhompyutha. Ziyakwazi ukubamba ukunaka kwengane, kodwa kuyayivimba ekuhlanganyeleni, ”kusho uCash.
Kubazali abangaqiniseki ukuthi izingane zabo ziqala yini ukuba umlutha, uKuss uphakamisa ukuhlolwa.
"Bona ukuthi kwenzekani uma ususa," kusho uKuss. Qiniseka ukuthi banokuhlangenwe nakho okuhle ngaphandle kwe-Intanethi. ”
Njengoba ebhekane nomkhuba wakhe, uRae uthi uphinde wajoyina umhlaba ngezindlela abengazi ukuthi kungenzeka. Ubiza ngokuthi "ukuxhuma kabusha" kwakhe.
“Sonke silangazelela ukuxhumana nabantu. Anginandaba nokuthi unamakhasi amangaki e-Facebook, akusona isandla esisehlombe, ukwangana, ukumamatheka, ukuhleka, ukwanga. Lokho ngeke kushintshwe cishe ngokuphelele, ”kusho uRae. “Bengingazi ukuthi impilo ingajabulisa kanjani ngaphandle kwezobuchwepheshe. Yingakho ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obuqhubekayo mhlawumbe kungenye yezingxoxo ezibaluleke kakhulu esikhathini sethu. ”
Email: [i-imeyili ivikelwe], Twitter: ChandraMJohnson
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