Nazi izivivinyo ezimbalwa ezivamile zokulutha izidakamizwa, ezingasetshenziswa kunoma yiziphi izidakamizwa noma izidakamizwa zokuziphatha. Ku-2011, the I-American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) uthe izibonakaliso ezithile, izimpawu kanye nokuziphatha kubonisa ukushayisana kwezimo eziphathelene nobuchopho obuhlobene nokulutha.
Imibuzo yokulutha umlutha - I-American Psychiatric Association (DSM-IV)
Phendula u-yebo noma cha kumbuzo ayisikhombisa alandelayo. Imibuzo eminingi inezingxenye ezingaphezu kweyodwa, ngoba wonke umuntu uziphatha ngendlela ehlukile ekugqiliseni. Udinga kuphela ukuphendula u-yebo engxenyeni eyodwa yalo mbuzo ukuba ubheke njengempendulo enhle.
- Ukubekezela. Ingabe ukusetshenziswa kwakho kwande ngaphezu kwesikhathi (ukukhula)?
- Ukuhoxiswa. Uma ushiya ukusebenzisa, ingabe wake wakubona ukuhoxiswa ngokomzimba noma ngokomzwelo? Uke waba nakho noma yiluphi lwezimpawu ezilandelayo: ukucasula, ukukhathazeka, ukuthuthumela, ukukhanda ikhanda, ukukhukhumeza, ukucabangela, noma ukuhlanza?
- Kunzima ukulawula ukusetshenziswa kwakho. Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi usebenzisa isikhathi eside noma isikhathi eside kunalokho ongathanda?
- Imiphumela emibi. Uke waqhubeka usebenzisa noma ngabe kube nemiphumela emibi enhliziyweni yakho, ukuzihlonipha, impilo, umsebenzi noma umndeni?
- Imisebenzi yokunganaki noma yokuhlehlisa. Uke wakha noma wanciphisa imisebenzi yomphakathi, yokuzilibazisa, yomsebenzi, noma yasekhaya ngenxa yokusebenzisa kwakho?
- Ukuchitha isikhathi esibalulekile noma amandla angokomzwelo. Uke wachitha isikhathi esiningi sokuthola, ukusebenzisa, ukufihla, ukuhlela, noma ukubuyisela ekusebenziseni kwakho? Uchithe isikhathi esiningi ucabanga ngokusebenzisa? Uke wafihla noma wanciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwakho? Wake wacabanga ngezinhlelo zokugwema ukubanjwa?
- Isifiso sokusika. Wake wake wacabanga ngokusika noma ukulawula ukusetshenziswa kwakho? Uke wakwenza imizamo engaphumeleli yokusika noma yokulawula ukusetshenziswa kwakho?
Uma uphendule yebo okungenani i-3 yale mibuzo, uhlangabezana nencazelo yezokwelapha yokulutha. Le ncazelo isekelwe kwi-American Psychiatric Association (DSM-IV) kanye ne-World Health Organization (ICD-10). (1)
Imodeli eyodwa elula yokuqonda umlutha ukufaka ama Cs amane:
- Ukuphoqwa ukusebenzisa
- Iqhutshwa sebenzisa naphezu kwemiphumela emibi
- Ukungakwazi Control ukusetshenziswa
- ukunxanela - ngokwengqondo noma ngokomzimba
Isiyaluyalu singase sihambisane nokuthembela ngokomzimba kanye nezimpawu zokuhoxiswa.
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