Ingabe uJoshua Grubbs udonsa uboya phezu kwamehlo ethu ngokucwaninga kwakhe "okucatshangelwa ukubheja kocansi"?

QAPHELA i-2017: Ucwaningo olusha (UFernandez et al., 2017) ihlolwe futhi yahlaziywa i-CPUI-9, uhlu lwemibuzo okuthiwa "lubonwa ukulutha kwezithombe zocansi" olwenziwe nguJoshua Grubbs, futhi lwathola ukuthi alunakuhlola ngokunembile "umlutha wangempela wezocansi" or “Umlutha wezocansi obonakalayo” (Ingabe i-Cyber ​​Pornography isebenzisa izibalo ze-Inventory-9 Ebonisa ukunyanzeliseka okwenziwe kuyi-Internet Ezingcolile zobulili? Ukuhlola Umsebenzi Wokuziqeda). Iphinde yathola ukuthi i-1/3 yemibuzo ye-CPUI-9 kufanele ishiywe ukubuyisa imiphumela evumayo ehlobene "nokungavumi kokuziphatha", "inkolo", kanye "namahora wokusetshenziswa kocansi." Okutholakele kuphakamisa ukungabaza okuphawulekayo mayelana neziphetho ezithathwe kunoma yiluphi ucwaningo olusebenzise i-CPUI-9 noma luthembele ezifundweni eziyisebenzisile. Eziningi zezinto ezikhathazayo kanye nokugxekwa kwesifundo esisha kufakela lezo ezichazwe kulokhu kuhlaziywa okulandelayo.

QAPHELA i-2018: Ucezu lwepropaganda oluzenza into okuthiwa ukubuyekezwa nguGrubbs, uSamuel Perry, uRory Reid noJoshua Wilt - Ukucwaninga Kugcizelela Ama-Grubbs, Perry, Wilt, Reid Ukubuyekezwa yi-Disingenuous ("Izinkinga Zobulili Ezingcolile Ngenxa Yokungaziphathi Kokuziphatha: Imodeli Ehlanganisiwe Yokubuyekezwa Okuhlelekile Ne-Meta-Analysis") 2018.

UKUXHUMBULA ISIVIVINYO: Ku 2019, ababhali uSamuel Perry noJoshua Grubbs baqinisekisile ukukhetha kwabo okuqhutshwa yi-ajenda lapho bobabili ngokusemthethweni uhlanganyele nomfelandawonye Nicole Prause futhi UDavid Ley ekuzameni ukuthula YourBrainOnPorn.com. UPerry, Grubbs nabanye “ochwepheshe” be-pro-porn ku-www.realyourbrainonporn.com bayazibandakanya ukuphulwa komkhiqizo ongekho emthethweni nokuqhekeka. Ofundayo kufanele akwazi lokho I-RealYBOP twitter (ngokuvunywa okusobala kochwepheshe bayo) nayo ibandakanyeka ekungcolisweni nasekuhlukumezeni UGary Wilson, Alexander Rhodes, I-Gabe Deem kanye ne-NCOSE, ULilala Mickelwait, Gail Dines, Futhi noma ngubani okhuluma ngokulimala kwe-porn. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uDavid Ley nabanye ochwepheshe be- “RealYBOP” manje ukunxeshezelwa imboni ye-porn xHamster enkulu ukukhuthaza amawebhusayithi ayo (ie StripChat) kanye nokwenza abasebenzisi bakholwe ukuthi umlutha we-porn kanye nokulutha ngobulili yizinganekwane! I-Prause (ubani isebenza i-RealYBOP twitter) kubonakala ngathi ehle kakhulu embonini yezocansi, futhi isebenzisa i-RealYBOP twitter ukuze gqugquzela imboni yezocansi, ukuvikela i-PornHub (ebisingatha amavidiyo wokushushumbisa izingane ngokocansi nangokobulili), futhi hlasela labo abasigqugquzela isicelo ukubamba I-PornHub iyaphendulwa. Sikholwa ukuthi "ochwepheshe" beRealBB kufanele bacelwe ukuthi babhale ubulungu babo be-RealYBOP njengokuthi "ukungqubuzana kwezintshisakalo" ezincwadini zabo ezibuyekezwe ontanga.

QAPHELA i-2019: Ekugcineni, uGrubbs akazange ancike kowakhe Insimbi ye-CPUI-9. I-CPUI-9 ihlanganisa i-3 "yecala lephuzo kanye nehlazo / ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo" hhayi evame ukutholakala ezinkalweni zomlutha - futhi obheka imiphumela yayo, okwenza abasebenzisi bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile bathole amaphuzu aphezulu nabangewona enkolo ukuthola amaphuzu aphansi kunalokho okwenziwa yizinsimbi ezijwayelekile zokuhlola umlutha. Esikhundleni salokho, Ucwaningo olusha lukaGrubbs libuze imibuzo emi-2 eqondile yebo / cha yabasebenzisi be-porn ("Ngikholelwa ukuthi nginomlutha wezithombe ezingcolile ze-intanethi. ""Ngangizibiza ngokuthi umlutha we-pornography we-intanethi. ”). Ngokuphikisana ngqo nezimangalo zakhe zangaphambili, uDkt Grubbs nethimba lakhe locwaningo bathole ukuthi ukholelwa ukuthi ungumlutha wokuhlobana ne-porn ngokuqinile namahora nsuku zonke wokusebenzisa izithombe zocansi, hhayi ngenkolo.

QAPHELA i-2020: Umcwaningi ongagxiliwe uM Mateuz Gola uhlanganyele neGrubbs. Esikhundleni sokusebenzisa i-CPUI-9 ye-Grubbs engene kahle, ucwaningo lusebenzise umbuzo owodwa: "Ngikholelwa ukuthi ngiyisidakwa sezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi“. Lokhu kuholele ekuhlobaneni okuncane noma okungekho phakathi kokukholwa nokuzikhohlisa. Bona: Ukuhlola Izinkinga Zobulili Ezingcolile Ngenxa Yemodeli Yokuziphatha Okungalungile (2019)

ISINGENISO

Muva nje sekuvele umqondo omusha ekuqubukeni kwamaphepha nezihloko: "ukubonwa ukulutha kocansi." Yazalwa nguJoshua Grubbs futhi yahlolwa ngokuphelele ekuhlaziyweni kweYBOP: I-Critique ye "Umlutha Obonwayo Wezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Ze-Intanethi Nokucindezeleka Kwengqondo: Ukuhlola Ubudlelwano ngasikhathi sinye nangesikhathi ” (2015). Nazi ezimbalwa zezihloko ezivela kulolu cwaningo:

• Ukubuka i-Porn kulungile. Ukukholelwa Emlonyeni Wezinshubezi Akuyona
• Umlutha Obonakalayo Ezingcolile Kuyizingozi Kakhulu Kunezithombe Zizisebenzise
• Ukukholelwa Ukuba Unomlutha Wezinsizi Ungumphumela Wenkinga Yakho Yezinsizi, Okufundwayo Okufundwayo

Lapha siphinde sivakashele umsebenzi kaJoshua Grubbs njengoba eqhubeka nokushicilela amaphepha "abonakalayo okulutha kwezocansi". Kulokhu Ukukhishwa kwe-2015 I-Grubbs iphakamisa ukuthi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile azizisebenzisi ngokwazo azibangeli zinkinga:

"Akubonakali kuyizithombe zobulili ezingcolile uqobo ezibangela abantu izinkinga, yindlela abazizwa ngayo ngayo,"

“Umlutha obonwayo uhilela ukuchaza kabi ukuziphatha kwakho, ucabange ngawe, njengokuthi, 'Anginamandla kulokhu' noma 'Ngiwumlutha, futhi angikwazi ukukulawula lokhu.'

I-Grubbs ihlanganisa imibono yakhe kulokhu 2016 engavamile Psychology Today esihlokweni, ethi umlutha wezithombe ezingcolile zobulili akuyona into ehlazo engokwenkolo.

Ukubizwa ngokuthi "umlutha wezocansi" ngumlingani wakho, noma nguwe uqobo, ayihlangene nhlobo nenani le-porn umuntu ayibhekas, kusho uJoshua Grubbs, ongumsizi uprofesa wezesayensi e-Bowling Green University. Kunalokho, inakho konke okuphathelene nayo inkolo futhi zokuziphatha isimo sengqondo ngocansi. Ngamafuphi, uthi, "Kunamahloni."

… .I-Grubbs ikubiza ngokuthi “ukubonwa njengomlutha wezithombe zocansi.” "Isebenza ngokuhluke kakhulu kwezinye izidakamizwa. "

Uma uJuuha Grubbs ecashunwe ngokunembile, lokhu okushiwo ngenhla kusho umngcele kwi-propaganda, njengoba sizobonisa ukuthi:

1. Uhlu lwemibuzo lukaGrubbs luyahlola kuphela umlutha wangempela wezocansi, hhayi "umlutha wezocansi obonakalayo." Lokho kulutheka kocansi akusebenzi "ngokuhlukile kwezinye izidakamizwa," nokuthi iGrubbs ayibonisanga ukuthi iyasebenza. Eqinisweni, uGrubbs wasekela uhlu lwemibuzo lakhe emibhalweni yemibuzo ejwayelekile yokulutha izidakamizwa.
2. Ngokuphambene nesitatimende sakhe ngenhla, inani le-porn elisetshenzisiwe liyi- ngokunamandla ihlobene nezikolo kuhlu lwemibuzo ye-Grubbs's drug addiction (CPUI). Eqinisweni, izifundo zikaGrubbs zembula ukuthi ukulutha kabi kocansi (izingxenye ze-CPUI 2 & 3) kukude Okuningi ehlobene nenani le-porn elibhekwa kunalokhu kunokwenkolo.
3. Ngaphezu kwalokho, "amahora wokusetshenziswa" akusona isilinganiso esithembekile sokulutha (i-proxy for). Ucwaningo lwangaphambilini selusungule ukuthi "amahora we-porn abukwa" awahambisani ngokuhambisana nezikolo noma izimpawu zokulutha kwezocansi. Ukuhlukahluka okuningi okusetshenzisiwe futhi kunomthelela ekuthuthukiseni umlutha wezocansi.

Ngaphandle kwalezi zinselelo ezisobala kwaGrubbs's “Ukuba umlutha wezocansi kuyihlazo lenkolo kuphela”Isimangalo, imodeli yakhe iyawa uma sicabanga ukuthi:

1. Amahloni enkolo awenzi ushintsho ebuchosheni olufana nalabo abatholakala kwizidakamizwa. Yize kunjalo kunabangu-39 izifundo zezinzwa ukubika ukuguqulwa kobuchopho obuhlobene nokulutha kwezidakamizwa kubasebenzisi be-porn abathintekayo / abashayeli bezocansi.
2. Ukuziphendulela kokucwaninga kubika izinga eliphansi lokuziphatha kocansi lokuphoqelela nokusetshenziswa kocansi kubantu abakholwayo (funda i-1, funda i-2, funda i-3, funda i-4, funda i-5, funda i-6, funda i-7, funda i-8, funda i-9, funda i-10, funda i-11, funda i-12, funda i-13, funda i-14, funda i-15, funda i-16, funda i-17, funda i-18, funda i-19, funda i-20, funda i-21, funda i-22, funda i-23, funda i-24, funda i-25).
3. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isampula likaGrubbs labasebenzisi bezithombe ezingamanyala ezingokwenkolo ngokungenakuphikwa lisuselwe (bheka ngezansi). Kusho nokuthi "inkolo" iyakwenza hhayi ukubikezela ukulutha kocansi.
4. Abaningi abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu kanye nama-agnostics ukuthuthukisa umlutha wezocansi. Ucwaningo lwe-2016 emadodeni abesebenzisa i-porno ekugcineni izinyanga zokugcina ze-6, noma ku izinyanga zokugcina ze-3, kubika amanani aphakeme kakhulu okusetshenziswa kokusebenzisa i-porno (28% kokubili izifundo).
5. "Ukulutha okubonakalayo" kusobala ukuthi akukwazanga ukudala ukungasebenzi kahle okungapheli kwe-erectile, i-libido ephansi kanye ne-anorgasmia ezinsizweni ezinempilo. Noma kunjalo izifundo eziningi ukuxhumanisa ukusetshenziswa kobulili ekubhekaneni nokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi nokugculisa ngokocansi, futhi Ama-ED amanani angenakuqondakala ngokuphakanyiswa yi-1000% emadodeni angaphansi kweminyaka engama-40 kusukela izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze- “tube” zafika ezimpilweni zabasebenzisi be-porn.
6. Lokhu Ucwaningo lwe-2016 ekwenzeni izidakamizwa ezingcolile zobulili wathola ukuthi inkolo ayihambisani ngezibonakaliso ezingekho embi noma ezinkampanini zemibuzo yokuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili.
7. Lokhu Ucwaningo lwe-2016 ekwenzeni ukwelashwa kobulili obufanayo okutholiwe Akukho buhlobo phakathi kokuzibophezela kwezenkolo kanye namazinga okuzibiza ngokobulili nokuziphatha okuhlobene.

Ezigabeni ezilandelayo sizobhekana nezimangalo ezinkulu zikaGrubbs, sibheke ngokujulile idatha yakhe kanye nendlela yakhe, futhi siphakamise ezinye izincazelo zesimangalo sakhe sokuthi inkolo ihlobene nokulutha kocansi. Kepha okokuqala ake siqale ngezinsika ezi-3 lapho uGrubbs akha khona amaphepha akhe ahlanganisiwe.

Ukuze izimangalo zikaGrubbs zisebenze ZONKE lezi ezi-3 kumele zibe yiqiniso futhi zisekelwe ngocwaningo lwangempela:

I-1) I-Grubbs I-Cyber ​​Pornography Sebenzisa Inventory (I-CPUI) kumele ihlole "ukubonwa kwezidakamizwa zocansi" kunokuba okwangempela umlutha wezocansi.

• Akusho. I-CPUI ihlola okwangempela ukulutha kabi kocansi, njengoba uGrubbs ngokwakhe esho ephepheni lakhe le-2010 lokuqala eliqinisekisa i-CPUI (ngaphezulu ngezansi). Eqinisweni, i-CPUI yayisodwa kuphela iqinisekisiwe njenge okwangempela ukuhlolwa kwezidakamizwa ezingcolile, futhi ungalokothi uhlolwe "njengomlutha obonakalayo". Ngaphandle kwesizathu esisekelayo sesayensi, ku-2013, uGrubbs uphinde wabiza igama lakhe ngokuthi ngumlutha we-porn test "ukuhlolwa kwezilonda zocansi".
• Qaphela: Ezifundweni zikaGrubbs usebenzisa ibinzana elithi "umlutha obonwayo" noma "umlutha we-porn obonwayo" ukukhomba amaphuzu aphelele esivivinyweni sakhe se-CPUI (ukuhlolwa kwangempela kwezilonda zocansi). Lokhu kulahlekile ekuhumusheni ngenxa yokuphindaphindwa kaningi "kokulutha okubonakalayo," esikhundleni selebula elinembile, elingenayo i-spin: "i-Cyber ​​Pornography Sebenzisa i-Inventory score."

I-2) I-Grubbs kumele ukuthi itholwe kancane ekungabambisanisweni phakathi kwamahora wokusetshenziswa kanye nezikole ze-CPUI (ukulutha kwezidakamizwa).

• Awukho futhi. Ngokwesibonelo, Grubbs et al. 2015 yembula ukulungiswa okuqinile phakathi kwamahora wokusebenzisa nama-CPUI. Kusuka ku-p. I-6 yocwaningo:

"Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile zansuku zonke ngamahora kwakuhlotshaniswa kakhulu nokudangala, ukukhathazeka, nentukuthelo, kanye ne Ukulutha komlutha [inani eliphelele le-CPUI]."

• AmaGrubbs's isifundo sesibili se-2015 kubike a unamandla ukuhlangana phakathi kwezikolo ze-CPUI kanye "namahora wokusetshenziswa kocansi" kunalokho okwenziwe phakathi kwezikolo ze-CPUI nenkolo.

I-Grubbs ingangena kanjani Psychology Today ukuthi umlutha wezocansi “ayihlangene nalesi sinani se-porn umuntu abuka ngayo,”Lapho izifundo zakhe ziveza ukuthi ubuningi bokusetshenziswa" bekubaluleke kakhulu futhi kahle "kuhambisana nezikolo ze-CPUI?

I-3) Ezinye izifundo kumele zibike ukuthi inani le-porn elisetshenzisiwe lihambisana ngokuhambisana nezimpawu ze-porn ukulutha noma izikole ekuhlolweni kwezidakamizwa ze-porn.

• Abazange. Amanye amaqembu ocwaningo athole ukuthi "amahora wokusetshenziswa" ahlukahlukene awahambelani ngokuqondile nokulutha kwe-inthanethi ngocansi (noma ukulutha kwemidlalo yevidiyo). Okusho ukuthi, ukulutha umlutha kubikezelwa ngokuthembekile ngezinye izinto eziguquguqukayo kunokuthi "amahora wokusetshenziswa" noma kunjalo, ngakho-ke ukuthanda izimangalo zikaGrubbs kuyangabazeka noma ngabe indlela yakhe yayinengqondo futhi izimangalo zakhe zazinembile. (Akunjalo.) "Amahora okusetshenziswa" akuyona i-proxy ethembekile "yokulutha kabi kocansi," ngakho-ke noma ukuhlangana nayo noma ukungabi khona kokuhlangana nakho kungaba nokubaluleka okukhulu okucatshangwa nguGrubbs.

Iningi lezihloko zezindaba kanye nezimangalo ezenziwe ngeGrubbs zincike kuwo wonke amaphuzu amathathu angenhla ayiqiniso. Akunjalo. Manje sihlola lezi zinsika ezi-3 nemininingwane ezungeze izifundo nezimangalo zikaGrubbs.

ISIGABA 1: Inganekwane Yokulutha Umlutha Wezocansi:

I-Pornography ye-Cyber ​​Sebenzisa Inventory (I-CPUI): Kuyisivivinyo sangempela sokulutha.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela:

• Noma nini lapho uGrubbs esebenzisa ibinzana elithi "umlutha obonakalayo" usho ngempela amaphuzu aphelele ku-CPUI yakhe.
• I-CPUI ihlukaniswe izigaba ezi-3, okuba okubaluleke kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi njengoba sihlola ukuthi amaphuzu esigabeni ngasinye ahlangana kanjani nezinye izinto ezinjenge "amahora wokusetshenziswa" kanye "nenkolo."
• Umbuzo ngamunye utholwa kusetshenziswa isikali se-Likert sika-1 kuye ku-7, kuthi owu-1 abe “lutho neze, "Futhi i-7 ibe"kakhulu. "

UKUPHILA:

1. Ngikholelwa ukuthi ngiyisidakwa sezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi.

2. Ngizizwa ngingakwazi ukuyeka ukusebenzisa kwami ​​izithombe ezingcolile zobulili.

3. Ngisho nalapho ngingathandi ukubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuyi-intanethi, ngizizwa ngidonsela kuso

IZIMPENDULO ZOKUFAKA:

4. Ngezinye izikhathi, ngizama ukuhlela isimiso sami ukuze ngibe ngedwa ukuze ngibheke izithombe zobulili ezingcolile.

5. Ngenqabe ukuphuma nabangani noma ukuya eminye imisebenzi yomphakathi ukuze ngithole ithuba lokubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile.

6. Ngiye ngaqeda izinto ezibalulekile ukuze ngibuke izithombe ezingcolile.

UKUSINDA KWEZEMPILO:

7. Nginamahloni ngemva kokubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuyi-intanethi.

8. Ngicindezelekile ngemva kokubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuyi-intanethi.

9. Ngizizwa ngigula ngemva kokubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuyi-intanethi.

Eqinisweni, uhlu lwemibuzo lwe-Grubbs's Cyber ​​Pornography Use Inventory (CPUI) lufana kakhulu neminye imibuzo eminingi yokulutha izidakamizwa nokuziphatha. Njengezinye izivivinyo zokulutha, i-CPUI ihlola izindlela zokuziphatha nezimpawu ezivamile kuzo zonke izidakamizwa, njenge: ukungakwazi ukulawula ukusetshenziswa; ukuphoqelelwa ukusebenzisa, izifiso zokusebenzisa, imiphumela emibi yengqondo, yezenhlalo neyomzwelo; nokukhathalela ukusebenzisa. Eqinisweni, i-1 kuphela yemibuzo engu-9 ye-CPUI engenhla isho nokusho “ukulutha okubonakalayo.”

Nokho sitshelwa ukuthi umuntu Inani amaphuzu ayo yonke imibuzo eyi-9 afana nokuthi “umlutha obonakalayo” kunokuba umlutha uqobo. Iyadukisa kakhulu, ihlakaniphe kakhulu, futhi ngaphandle kwesisekelo sesayensi. Ifolishi le-Agnotology, noma ngubani? (I-agnotology ukutadisha ukungazi ngokholo noma ukungabaza, ikakhulukazi ukushicilelwa kwedatha yesayensi engalungile noma edukisayo eyenzelwe ukudibanisa umphakathi mayelana nesimo socwaningo kwinsimu ethile. Ugwayi Omkhulu ubizwa ngokuqamba insimu ye-agnotology.)

Qaphela ukuthi ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kokulutha izidakamizwa eminyaka kokubili kokulutha kwamakhemikhali nokuziphatha okuthembekile kuncike emibuthanweni efana ne-CPUI yokuhlola okwangempela, hhayi nje kuqondwe, umlutha. Imibuzo ye-CPUI i-1-6 ihlola ukuziphatha okuyisidakamizwa esiyinhloko njengoba kuchazwe yi-4 Cs, ngenkathi imibuzo i-7-9 ihlola izimo ezingokomzwelo ezingezinhle ngemuva kokusebenzisa i-porn. Ake siqhathanise i-CPUI nethuluzi lokuhlola umlutha elisetshenziswa kakhulu elaziwa njenge “I-4 Cs.”Imibuzo ye-CPUI ehambisana nama-C amane nayo iyabonakala.

• Cukuqhuma ukusebenzisa (2, 3)
• Ukungakwazi Csebenzisa ukusetshenziswa (2, 3, kungenzeka 4-6)
• Cukufutheka okuzosetshenziswa (3 ikakhulukazi, kodwa 1-6 kungahunyushwa ngokuthi izifiso)
• Csebenzisa ukusetshenziswa naphezu kwemiphumela emibi (4-6, mhlawumbe 7-9)

Ochwepheshe bokulutha umlutha bathembele kumathuluzi okuhlola afana nama-4C njengoba abonisa ukulutha ngoba izi-neuroscientists ziye zahlobanisa izimpawu lezo zinkinga ngokushintsha kwengqondo okuhlobene nokulutha kwezidakamizwa eminyakeni engamashumi eminyaka yezifundo eziyisisekelo zocwaningo. Bona i isitatimende senqubomgomo yomphakathi se-American Society of Addiction Medicine. Ngamafuphi, i-Grubb's CPUI iyi-real drug test test; akukaze kuqinisekiswe "ukulutha okubonakalayo."

Ucwaningo lokuqala lwe-2010 Grubbs luthi i-CPUI ihlolwe okwangempela umlutha wezocansi

In Iphepha lokuqala lika-Grubbs lika-2010 uqinisekisile i-Cyber-Pornography Sebenzisa Inventory (CPUI) njengesivivinyo sokuhlola imibuzo okwangempela umlutha wezocansi. Izinkulumo ezithi "ukubonwa njengomlutha" kanye "nokubona ukulutha kocansi" akuveli ephepheni lakhe le-2010. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uGrubbs et al., I-2010 isho ngokusobala ezindaweni eziningana ukuthi i-CPUI ihlola ukubheja kocansi okungokoqobo:

Amamodeli achazwe ngaphambilini ahlongozelwa ukuqonda ukulutha kokuziphatha kwakuyizinto zokucabanga eziyinhloko ezazisetshenziselwa ukuthola insimbi yalolu cwaningo, i-Cyber-Pornography Use Inventory (CPUI), eyenziwe ngemuva kwe-Internet Sex Screening Test eyenziwe nguDelmonico (Delmonico & Griffin, 2008) . Idizayini ye-CPUI yayisuselwa kunqubomgomo yokuthi ukuziphatha okuluthayo kubonakaliswa ukungakwazi ukumisa lokhu kuziphatha, imiphumela emibi emibi njengemphumela wokuziphatha, kanye nokuzimisela okujwayelekile ngokuziphatha (UDelmonico noMiller, 2003).

I-CPUI ibonisa ngempela isithembiso njengesixhobo sokuhlola ukulutha kwezidakamizwa ze-Internet. Njengoba izinsimbi zangaphambilini, njenge-ISST, zihlole kuphela ukulutha kocansi okuxhunyiwe ku-intanethi, lesi sikali senze isibonakaliso sokwethenjelwa ekuhloleni ngokuqondile ukubheja kocansi kwe-Internet. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto ezisesilinganisweni esachazwa ngaphambilini samaphethini zibonakala zithola izinga elithile ukusekelwa kwemibono kanye nokwakha ubuqiniso obungahle bube khona uma kuqhathaniswa nenqubo yokuxilonga yokuncipha kwezidakamizwa kanye nokugembula kwe-Pathological, i-ICD.

Okokugcina, izinto ezinhlanu ezilinganisweni ze-Addictive Patterns kusukela esikalweni sokuqala sokucindezelwa kubonakala sengathi zithinta ngokuqondile kulowo muntu owaziwayo noma ukungakwazi kwangempela ukumisa ukusebenza kwalokhu ezibandakanya kukho. Ukwehluleka ukumisa ukusebenza okuyinkinga ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo akuyona nje kuphela indlela yokuhlonza ebalulekile ye-SD ne-PG, kodwa futhi kungacatshangwa njengenye yezinto ezibalulekile zokulutha zombili, njengoba kuboniswe ku-SD, nakuma-ICD (Dixon et al., 2007; Potenza, 2006). Kubukeka sengathi kungukungakwazi lokhu okudala lesi sifo.

Phakathi ku Ucwaningo lwe-2013 Ama-Grubbs anciphise inani lemibuzo ye-CPUI isuka ku-32 (noma i-39 noma i-41) iye kwi-9 yamanje, kanye iphinde ibhalwe phansi wakhe okwenziwe, okuqinisekisiwe ukuhlolwa kwezilonda zocansi njengokuhlolwa “kokubona ukulutha kwezocansi” (nayi Uhlobo lombuzo we-41 lwe-CPUI). Lokhu wakwenza ngaphandle kokuchazwa noma ukuzithethelela futhi wasebenzisa ibinzana elithi "umlutha obonakalayo" izikhathi ezingama-80 ephepheni lakhe le-2013. Lokho kusho ukuthi, uGrubbs ukhombe ubunjalo be-CPUI-9 kule ngcaphuno ephepheni le-2013:

“Ekugcineni, sithole ukuthi i-CPUI-9 ihlotshaniswe kahle nokuthambekela okuvamile kwe-hypersexual, njengoba kulinganiswe yi Kalichman Scale Compulsivity Scale. Lokhu kukhomba ezingeni eliphakeme lobudlelwano phakathi kokusetshenziswa kocansi okucindezelayo nobungqingili ngokuvamile kakhulu. ”

Masibe sobala - i-CPUI ayikaze iqinisekiswe njengokuhlukaniswa kokuhlolwa kokuhlola umlutha wangempela wezocansi kusuka ku- “ukubhekwa kwezidakamizwa ezingcolile.”Lokhu kusho ukuthi umphakathi uthembele kuphela ezwini likaGrubbs ukuthi isivivinyo sakhe esibuyekeziwe singahlukanisa phakathi“ komlutha we-porn owaziwayo ”kanye“ nomlutha wocansi ongokoqobo ”i-CPUI eyayivunyelwe ekuqaleni ukuwuhlola. Kungokwesayensi kangakanani ukuphinda ufake ilebula esivivinyweni esivunyelwe njengento ehluke ngokuphelele ngaphandle kokuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa kwesivivinyo okuguqulwe ngokuphelele?

Kungani uJoshua Grubbs aqamba kabusha i-CPUI isivivinyo somlutha wezocansi "esibonwayo"?

Ngenkathi uGrubbs ngokwakhe engashongo ukuthi isivivinyo sakhe singahle sihlolwe kusukela ekuluthekeni kwangempela, ukuqashwa kwakhe kwegama elidukisayo ("ukubonwa njengomlutha") kwamaphuzu kuthuluzi lakhe le-CPUI-9 kuholele abanye ukuthi bathathe insimbi yakhe inempahla yomlingo yokukwazi ukubandlulula phakathi kokulutha "okubonakalayo" kanye "kwangempela". Lokhu sekwenze umonakalo omkhulu emkhakheni wokuhlolwa kwezilonda zocansi ngoba abanye bathembela emaphepheni akhe njengobufakazi bokuthile abangakwenzi, futhi abangakwazi ukukuletha. Akukho sivivinyo esikhona esingahlukanisa umlutha “wangempela” nokulutha “okubonwayo”. Ukumaka nje ngaleyo ndlela akunakwenza kube njalo.

Kwenzeke kanjani lokhu? Akuyona into engavamile ngabahleli bezincwadi zemfundo nababuyekezi ukuthi badinge ukubuyekezwa okukhulu ngaphambi kokuba bamukele iphepha elizoshicilelwa. UJoshua Grubbs uthe nge-imeyili ukuthi umbuyekezi wesifundo sakhe sesibili se-CPUI-9 kubangele yena kanye nabanye ababambisene nabo besifundo se-2013 ukuthi bashintshe igama elithi "umlutha wezocansi" le-CPUI-9 (ngoba umbuyekezi waklolodela "ukwakha" yokulutha kocansi). Kungakho uGrubbs eguqule incazelo yakhe yesivivinyo yaba “kuqondwe umlutha wocansi ”uhlu lwemibuzo. Empeleni umbuyekezi / umhleli ongaziwa kulo magazini owodwa uqalise ilebula engasekelwa, edukisayo ka “kuqondwe umlutha wezithombe zobulili ezingcolile. ” I-CPUI ayikaze iqinisekiswe njengokuhlukana kokuhlola kokuhlola umlutha wangempela wezocansi kusuka ku- “ukubhekwa kwezidakamizwa ezingcolile.”Nangu uGrubbs tweeting ngale nqubo, kufaka phakathi ukuphawula kombuyekezi:

Josh AmaGrubbs‏ @JoshuaGrubbsPhD

Ephepheni lami le-1 mayelana nokusetshenziswa kocansi okuphoqelela: "Lokhu kwakha [umlutha wezocansi] kunengqondo ukulinganisa njengezinto zokubanjwa ngokungemthetho: akunangqondo."

UNicole R Prause, PhD‏ @NicoleRPrause

Wena noma umbuyekezi?

Josh AmaGrubbs‏ @JoshuaGrubbsPhD

Umbuyekezi wathi kimi

Josh AmaGrubbs‏ @JoshuaGrubbsPhD  Jula 14

Eqinisweni ukuthi yini eyenza umsebenzi wami wokuqeda umlutha, ngacabanga ngemibono njengoba ibuyekezwe ukugxila.

Asikho isandulela somlando sokuhlolwa kokuhlolwa “kokulutha”

Lezi zifundo ezimbili amaGrubbs akhomba njalo (1, 2) ukusho ukuthi umqondo wakhe "wokulutha okubonakalayo" usunguliwe / uvumelekile kwenziwa kubantu ababhemayo, futhi awusekeli umqondo wokuthi "umlutha obonakalayo" njengoba uGrubbs ewusebenzisa. Okokuqala, akukho ukutadisha okusikisela, njengoba kwenza uGrubbs nge-porn, ukuthi umlutha wangempela kagwayi awukho. Futhi akukho nolunye lwalezo zifundo oluthi luthuthukise uhlu lwemibuzo olungahlukanisa noma luhlukanise "umlutha obonakalayo" kusuka ekubeni umlutha wangempela. Zombili lezi zifundo zigxile ekuhloleni ukuthi impumelelo yesikhathi esizayo yokuyeka ukubhema ihlobene kanjani nemibiko yangaphambili yokulutha.

Ayikho imibuzo "yokulutha okubonakalayo" kunoma yini - into noma ukuziphatha - kufaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izimangalo zikaGrubbs). Kunesizathu esizwakalayo sokuthi i-'Google Scholar 'ibuyise imiphumela engalindelekile yalokhu “okuluthayo okubonwayo” okulandelayo:

• "ubona ukuphuza utshwala"
• "ukubhekwa komuthi we-cocaine"
• "i-heroin yokulutha umlutha"
• "ukubhekwa komuthi we-methamphetamine"
• "kubonwa ukugembula kokugembula"

Abanye abacwaningi basebenzisa i-CPUI njenge-an okwangempela test umlutha porn

Ukuhlola okungokoqobo: abanye abacwaningi bachaza i-CPUI njenge okwangempela uhlu lwemibuzo lokuhlola ukubheja kocansi (njengoba yilokho okuqinisekisiwe njenge), futhi ulisebenzise kanjalo ezifundweni zabo ezishicilelwe:

1. Ukuhlolwa Kwezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Zase-Internet Ukusetshenziswa Phakathi kwabaFundi BamaKatolika kuma-Evangelical Christian Colleges (2011)
2. Amaphepha emibuzo nezikali zokuhlolwa kwezenzo zocansi eziku-inthanethi: Ukubuyekezwa kweminyaka engu-20 yocwaningo (2014)
3. Ubunzima be-inthanethi nge-cyber: Ukucabangela, ukuhlola, kanye nokwelashwa (i-2015)
4. Ukucacisa izixhumanisi phakathi kwamageyimu e-intanethi, ukusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi, izisusa zokuphuza, nezithombe ezingcolile ku-inthanethi Sebenzisa (i-2015)
5. Ukucubungula nge-Cyberpornography: Ukusetshenziswa Kwesikhathi, Ukuqeda Isiyaluyalu, Ukusebenza Ngokobulili, Nokugculiseka Ngokocansi (2016)
6. Ukuhlola I-Correlates Yezinkinga Zobulili Ezingcolile Ze-Intanethi Sebenzisa Ku-Student Yunivesithi (2016)

Ucwaningo lokugcina olungenhla lusebenzise uhlobo olude lwe-Grubbs CPUI kanye nemibuzo yokuluthwa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-Intanethi ethathwe kumbandela wokudlala wevidiyo we-DSM-5 Internet. Amagrafu angezansi akhombisa izifundo ezifanayo' izikolo emibuzo emibili ehlukene yokuluthwa kwe-porn:

-

Akumangazi: imiphumela efanayo nokusatshalaliswa kweGrubbs CPUI kanye nemibuzo ephathelene nemilutha yezocansi ye-DSM-5. Uma i-CPUI ingahlukanisa "umlutha obonakalayo" kusuka "kumlutha wangempela" amagrafu nokusatshalaliswa kungafani ngokuphelele. Akunjalo.

Ukusikisela: noma nini lapho ufunda iphepha le-Grubbs noma i-Grubbs-bite-sound in media, susa igama elithi "ukuqonda" futhi ubone ukuthi lifunda ngendlela ehluke kanjani - nokuthi lihambisana kanjani nolunye ucwaningo mayelana nokulutha kocansi. Isibonelo, imisho emibili kusukela ekwethulweni kwephepha lakwaGrubbs negama elithi “perceived” lisusiwe:

Umlutha wezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi uhlotshaniswa namazinga aphansi enhlalakahle. Ucwaningo lwakamuva luthole ukuthi ukuluthwa i-porn kuhlobene nokukhathazeka, ukudangala, kanye nengcindezi (iGrubbs, iStauner, i-Exline, iPargament, neLindberg, i-2015; iGrubbs, iVolk et al., I-2015).

Susa isimangalo esingasekelwa sokuthi i-CPUI ihlola "ukulutha kocansi okubonakalayo" futhi sinemiphumela yokufunda ehluke ngokuphelele futhi azikho izihloko ezidukisayo. Futhi, ukutholwa kwangempela kwalokhu okuluthwa yi-porn okuhambisana nokukhathazeka, ukucindezeleka kanye nengcindezi kuhambisana namashumi eminyaka "wangempela", hhayi "obonwa," ucwaningo lokulutha. Ukungakwazi ukulawula ukusetshenziswa kuyacindezela.

ISIQEPHU 2: Ubudlelwano obufuniwe? "Amahora okusetshenziswa" kanye "Nenkolo"

Ngokuphikisana nesimangalo sikaGrubbs inani le-porn elibukwayo lihlobene kakhulu nezikolo zokulutha i-porn (CPUI)

Ngenkathi sizobona ukuthi "amahora wokusetshenziswa" awakaze asetshenziswe njengommeleli kuphela wokulutha, imisindo yokulunywa ngabezindaba ithi uGrubbs uthole cha ubudlelwane phakathi "kwamahora wokusetshenziswa kocansi" nezikolo ekuhlolweni kokulutha kwezocansi (CPUI). Lokhu akunjalo. Ake siqale ngekaGrubb Ucwaningo lwe-2013 lokho kunqume (nge-fiat) i-CPUI-9 isivivinyo "sokulutha umlutha we-porn":

“Izikolo ku-CPUI-9 isiyonke, i-compression subscale, kanye nemizamo yokufinyelela konke konke kuhlotshaniswa nokusetshenziswa okwandayo kwezithombe zocansi eziku-inthanethi, okukhombisa ukuthi umlutha obonwa [inani le-CPUI eliphelele] ihlobene nemvamisa yokusetshenziswa. ”

Khumbula ukuthi "umlutha obonakalayo" umfishane we ingqikithi ye-CPUI. Njengoba kuchazwe ekuqaleni, lolu cwaningo lwe-2015 Grubbs kubike ukuhlanganiswa okunamandla okuhle phakathi kwamahora wokusebenzisa kanye ne-CPUI. Kusuka ku-p. I-6 yocwaningo:

“Ngaphezu kwalokho, Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zansuku zonke zisetshenziswa ngamahora amaningi kakhulu futhi zihlotshaniswa kahle ngokucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, nentukuthelo, kanye nokunye ukulutha umlutha [ingqikithi ye-CPUI]. "

Ngamanye amagama, ngokungafani nezihloko zezindaba kanye nezimangalo zikaGrubbs emaphephandabeni, inani eliphelele lezifundo ze-CPUI-9 zazikhona kakhulu kuhlotshaniswa namahora wokusetshenziswa kocansi. Kepha "isilinganiso sezithombe zobulili ezingcolile zansuku zonke sisebenza kanjani ngamahora" uma siqhathaniswa nenkolo? Yikuphi okuhambisana kakhulu nenani eliphelele le-CPUI?

Sizosebenzisa idatha ephepheni likaGrubbs lika-2015 ("Ukuguquka njengesiyaluyalu: Ukwethembeka nokuziphatha okungavumelani njengababikezeli bokulimala okubonakalayo ku-Pornography“), Njengoba iqukethe izifundo ezi-3 ezihlukene futhi isihloko sayo esivusa inkanuko sikhombisa ukuthi inkolo ibangela ukulutha kwezocansi. Ithebula i-2 ngezansi iqukethe idatha kusuka kwizifundo ezihlukene ze-2. Le datha yembula ukuhlangana phakathi kwezinguquko ezimbalwa (amahora wokusetshenziswa kocansi, inkolo) kanye nezinombolo ze-CPUI (yonke i-CPUI-9 futhi ihlehliselwe ngaphansi kwezigatshana ze-3 CPUI).

Amathiphu okuqonda izinombolo etafuleni: i-zero isho ukuthi akukho ukuhlanganiswa phakathi kwezinguquko ezimbili; I-1.00 isho ukuhlanganiswa okuphelele phakathi kwezinguquko ezimbili. Okukhudlwana inombolo inamandla kakhulu ukulungiswa phakathi kwezinguquko ze-2. Uma inombolo inayo susa sign, kusho ukuthi kukhona ukuhlangana okungekuhle phakathi kwezinto ezimbili. (Isibonelo, kunokuhlangana okungahambi kahle phakathi kokuvivinya umzimba nesifo senhliziyo. Ngakho-ke, ngolimi olujwayelekile, ukuvivinya umzimba kwehlisa amathuba esifo senhliziyo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukukhuluphala kunesifo ukuhlanganisa omuhle ngesifo senhliziyo.)

Kuboniswe ngezansi kukhona ukuhlangana phakathi Inani Izikolo ze-CPUI-9 (# 1) ne- “Use In Hours” (# 5) kanye ne- “Religiosity Index" (# 6) ngezifundo ezimbili zikaGrubbs:

Ukuhlobana phakathi kwama-CPUI amanani amaningi nenkolo:

• Funda i-1: 0.25
• Funda i-2: 0.35
  • Isilinganiso: 0.30

Ukuhlangana phakathi kwenani eliphelele le-CPUI kanye "namahora wokusetshenziswa kocansi":

• Funda i-1: 0.30
• Funda i-2: 0.32
  • Isilinganiso 0.31

Ngokumangazayo, izikolo ze-CPUI-9 zinakho kunamandla kakhulu ubudlelwane "namahora wokusetshenziswa kocansi" kunokwenkolo! Kalula nje "amahora wokusetshenziswa kocansi" kubikezela ukulutha kocansi ngcono kunalokho kwenza inkolo. Kodwa okungaqondakali esifundweni kuyasiqinisekisa ukuthi inkolo “ihlobene ngokuqinile nomlutha obonakalayo”(Izikolo ze-CPUI). Uma kunjalo, khona-ke "amahora wokusetshenziswa kocansi" ngokusobala nawo "ahlobene ngokuqinile" namanani ku-CPUI. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ubuhlobo benkolo nenkolo yokuluthwa kocansi bugcizelelwa kanjani, ngenkathi Amahora wokusetshenziswa azinakwa noma afihliwe kabili.

Ayikho enye indlela yokusho lokhu - idatha kaGrubbs iyaphikisana nezimangalo zakhe kwabezindaba nasezifundweni zakhe zezifundo. Ukuvuselela inkumbulo yakho, izimangalo zikaGrubbs kulokhu Psychology Today isihloko sici:

Ukubizwa ngokuthi "i-porn addict" ngumlingani wakho, noma ngisho ngokwakho, ine Lutho ukukwenza nenani le-porn umuntu abheka ngayo, kusho uJoshua Grubbs, uprofesa othisha wezokwelapha e-Bowling Green University. Kunalokho, ine konke ukukwenza inkolo…

Eqinisweni, okuphambene nalokhu kuyiqiniso: ukulutha kabi kwezocansi kufana nokuhambisana namahora okusebenzisa kunokwenkolo. Isigaba esilandelayo sizoveza lokho okwangempela "Umlutha wezocansi," njengoba kulinganiswa ngemibuzo ye-CPUI 1-6, kukude Okuningi okuhlobene "namahora wokusetshenziswa kocansi" kunokukholwa.

Ucwaningo lukaGrubbs lwembula lokho okwangempela umlutha wezocansi uhlobene kakhulu "namahora wokusetshenziswa kocansi" kunokwenkolo

I-Grubbs ithole ukuthi umlutha wezocansi (amaphuzu aphelele we-CPUI-9) uhlobene kakhulu "namahora amanje okusetshenziswa kocansi" kunenkolo. Kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi uyacabanga, “I-Grubbs ilungile mayelana nesimangalo esisodwa: ukulutha kocansi (izikolo ze-CPUI) is ehlobene nenkolo. ” Akunjalo Empeleni. Esigabeni esilandelayo sizobona ukuthi kungani lesi simangalo singesikho okubonakalayo.

Ukunamathela ezinombolweni zikaGrubbs okwamanje, kunobudlelwano phakathi okwangempela umlutha wezocansi nokuzikholelwa. Noma kunjalo, ibuthakathaka kakhulu kunalokho okukhonjiswe esigabeni esedlule. Kubaluleke kakhulu, ukuhlobana phakathi kwe- okwangempela umlutha wezocansi kanye "namahora wokusetshenziswa kocansi" kunamandla kakhulu kunalokho okukhonjisiwe esigabeni esedlule.

Ekuhlolisweni okuseduze, imibuzo engu-1-6 ye-CPUI-9 ihlola izimpawu nezimpawu ezivamile kuzo zonke izidakamizwa, kuyilapho imibuzo 7-9 (Ukukhathazeka Ngokomzwelo) ihlola icala, amahloni nokuzisola. Ngenxa yalokho, "okwangempela umlutha ”uhambelana eduze nemibuzo engu-1-6 (Ukuphoqelelwa Nemizamo Yokufinyelela).

Ukuphoqeleka:

1. Ngikholelwa ukuthi ngiyisidakwa sezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi.
2. Ngizizwa ngingakwazi ukuyeka ukusebenzisa kwami ​​izithombe ezingcolile zobulili.
3. Ngisho nalapho ngingathandi ukubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuyi-intanethi, ngizizwa ngidonsela kuso

Imizamo yokufinyelela:

4. Ngezinye izikhathi, ngizama ukuhlela isimiso sami ukuze ngibe ngedwa ukuze ngibheke izithombe zobulili ezingcolile.
5. Ngenqabe ukuphuma nabangani noma ukuya eminye imisebenzi yomphakathi ukuze ngithole ithuba lokubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile.
6. Ngiye ngaqeda izinto ezibalulekile ukuze ngibuke izithombe ezingcolile.

Ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo:

7. Nginamahloni ngemva kokubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuyi-intanethi.
8. Ngicindezelekile ngemva kokubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuyi-intanethi.
9. Ngizizwa ngigula ngemva kokubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuyi-intanethi.

Okokuqala, ake sihlole ukuhlangana phakathi kwesigaba ngasinye se-3 CPUI kanye ne-Religiosity. Etafuleni elilandelayo izigatshana ezintathu ze-CPUI zibalwa nge-2, i-3 ne-4, futhi I-Religiosity Index inombolo ye-6.

Ukuhlanganiswa phakathi kokuthembeka nokuQinisekisa okuPhezulu (imibuzo 1-3)

• Funda i-1: 0.25
• Funda i-2: 0.14
  • Isilinganiso: 0.195

Ukubambisana phakathi kwe-Religiosity ne-Access Efforts (imibuzo 4-6)

• Funda i-1: 0.03
• Funda i-2: 0.11
  • Isilinganiso: 0.07

Ukuhlanganisana phakathi kokuThutheka nokuThutheka ngokomzwelo (imibuzo 7-9)

• Funda i-1: 0.32
• Funda i-2: 0.45
  • Isilinganiso: 0.385

Ukuthola okubalulekile ukuthi inkolo ihlobene kakhulu (.39) kuya kuphela ingxenye yokucindezeleka ngokomzwelo we-CPUI-9: imibuzo 7-9, ebuza abasebenzisi be-porn ukuthi bazizwa kanjani ngemva kokubuka izithombe ezingcolile (amahloni, ecindezelekile noma abagulayo). Inkolo ihlobene kakhulu nezigaba ezimbili (imibuzo 1-6) ehlolisisa kakhulu okwangempela Umlutha wezocansi: Ukuphoqeleka (.195) kanye nokuzama ukufinyelela (.07). Elula: amahloni kanye nemibono yecala (7-9) ihlupha ngamandla i-CPUI yenani eliphakeme labantu abangokwenkolo. Thatha imibuzo yamahloni ye-3 kanye nokuhlangana phakathi kwenkolo kanye ne-CPUI yehla i-0.13 nje.

Ukuhlola imibuzo eyi-CPUI yokulutha umlutha uqobo, kusobala ukuthi imibuzo emi-3 ethi “Imizamo Yokufinyelela” engu-4-6 ihlola izindlela zokulutha eziyinhloko ze iyiphi umlutha: "Ukwehluleka ukuyeka yize kube nemiphumela emibi kakhulu." Ukusetshenziswa okuphoqelekile kuyisici sokulutha.

Ngokuphambene, umbuzo #1 kusigaba sokuphoqeleka sincike ekutheni subjective incazelo (“Ngabe bazizwa umlutha? ”).

Manje, buyela kuleyo mibuzo ye-4-6 Imizamo Yokufinyelela, ehlola isimilo esithile, hhayi izinkolelo noma imizwa. Ukuthatha ukhiye: kukhona ukuhlangana okubuthakathaka kakhulu phakathi kwe-Religiosity nemibuzo ye-3 Yokuzama Ukufinyelela (i-0.07 kuphela). Ngokufingqa, ukukholelwa kwenkolo kunobungane obuncane kakhulu okwangempela umlutha wezocansi. (Eqinisweni, kunesizathu esihle sokuphakamisa ukuthi kukhona cishe cha ubuhlobo njengoba sizobona esigabeni esilandelayo.)

Okulandelayo, ake sihlole ukuhlangana phakathi kwesigaba ngasinye se-3 CPUI kanye "namahora wokusetshenziswa kocansi." Etafuleni elilandelayo izigatshana ezintathu ze-CPUI zibalwa nge-2, i-3 ne-4, futhi “I-Porn [Sebenzisa ngamahora” inombolo ye-5.

Ukuhlobana phakathi kwe- “[I-Porn] Sebenzisa Ngamahora”Kanye Nokucindezelwa Okubonwayo (imibuzo 1-3)

• Funda i-1: 0.25
• Funda i-2: 0.32
  • Isilinganiso: 0.29

Ukuhlobana phakathi kwe- “[I-Porn] Sebenzisa Ngamahora”Kanye Nemizamo Yokufinyelela (imibuzo 4-6)

• Funda i-1: 0.39
• Funda i-2: 0.49
  • Isilinganiso: 0.44

Ukuhlobana phakathi kwe- “[I-Porn] Sebenzisa Ngamahora”Nokucindezeleka Ngokomzwelo (imibuzo 7-9)

• Funda i-1: 0.17
• Funda i-2: 0.04
  • Isilinganiso: 0.10

Lokhu kuphambene ngqo nalokho esikubonile ngenkolo. "[I-Porn] Sebenzisa Ngamahora”Ama-correlates kakhulu kakhulu nemibuzo ye-CPUI (1-6), okuyinto, futhi, ngokunemba kakhulu ukuhlola okwangempela umlutha wezocansi (0.365). Okubaluleke kakhulu, “[I-Porn] Sebenzisa Ngamahora”Aqondanise ngisho Okuningi ngokuqinile ngemibuzo eyi-CPUI yokulutha eyisi-4-6 (0.44). Lokhu kusho ukuthi okwangempela Ukulutha kabi kocansi (njengoba kuhlolwe yiziphathamandla) kuhlobene ngokuqinile nokuthi kunomuntu ocanshangelwa kangakanani.

Ngokwesinye isandla, "[I-Porn] Sebenzisa Ngamahora”Ayihlobene kahle (0.10) emibuzweni "Yokucindezeleka Ngokomzwelo" (7-9). Le mibuzo emi-3 ibuza abasebenzisi be-porn ukuthi kanjani bazizwa emva kokubuka izithombe ezingcolile (amahloni, ecindezelekile noma abagulayo). Ngokufigqiwe, okwangempela Ukulutha kocansi (1-6) kuhlobene kakhulu nenani le-porn elibukiwe, kodwa amahloni nokweqa (7-9) azikho. Ukubeka lokhu ngenye indlela, ukubheja kocansi kunomsebenzi omkhulu wokubheka ukubuka okungcolile kobulili, futhi okuncane kakhulu ukukwenza ngehlazo (inkolo noma enye).

Isifinyezo sokutholwe kwangempela kukaGrubbs

1. Ubude Izikolo ze-CPUI-9 zihlanganiswe kangcono ne- “[I-Porn] Sebenzisa Ngamahora”Kunokukholwa. Lokhu kutholwa kuphikisana ngqo nezimangalo zikaJoshua Grubbs.
2. Ukususa imibuzo emi-3 "Yokukhathazeka Ngokomzwelo" kuholela ebudlelwaneni obuqine kakhudlwana phakathi kwe- "[I-Porn] Sebenzisa Ngamahora"Futhi okwangempela ukubheja kwezicansi njengoba kuhlolwa imibuzo 1-6.
3. Ukususa imibuzo emi-3 "Yokukhathazeka Ngokomzwelo" (okuhlola amahloni nokuzizwa unecala) kuholela ebudlelwaneni obubuthakathaka kakhulu phakathi kwenkolo nenkolo okwangempela ukubheja kwezicansi njengoba kuhlolwa imibuzo 1-6.
4. Ubudlelwano obuqinile bukhona phakathi "kwamahora wokusetshenziswa kocansi" ne umlutha wokuziphatha umlutha njengoba ihlolwe yimibuzo ethi "Imizamo Yokufinyelela" engu-4-6. Kalula nje: ukulutha kabi kocansi kuhlobene kakhulu nenani le-porn elibukwayo.
5. Ubudlelwano phakathi "kwenkolo" kanye nokuziphatha okuyisisekelo kokulutha (imibuzo yemizamo yokufinyeleleka ku-4-6) abukho nhlobo (0.07). Kulula: ukuziphatha okuhlobene nomlutha, kunokuba abe nenkolo, ukubikezela ukulutha kocansi. Ukukholelwa enkolweni kuhlangene nobudlelwane bezocansi.  

Nakhu okungenzeka ukuthi isiphetho esinembe kakhulu esifundweni sikaGrubbs sasibukeka kanjena:

Umlutha wangempela we-porn uhlobene ngokuqinile namahora wokusetshenziswa kocansi futhi ubuthakathaka kakhulu ohlobene nenkolo. Amahora wokusetshenziswa kocansi yisibikezelo esingcono kakhulu sangempela sokulutha kwezocansi kunenkolo. Kungani inkolo inobudlelwano nokulutha kwezocansi ayaziwa. Kungaba ngumphumela wesampula ebanjiwe. Uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu abangakholwa, amaphesenti aphansi kakhulu abantu abakholwayo abheka njalo izithombe zobulili ezingcolile. Mhlawumbe lesi sampula esontekile "sabasebenzisi bezithombe ezingcolile zezenkolo" siqukethe amaphesenti aphakeme kakhulu abantu abanezimo esezikhona (i-OCD, i-ADHD, ingcindezi, i-bipolar disorder, njll.) Noma amathonya omndeni / wezofuzo avame ukuhlotshaniswa nokulutha.

Ekugcineni, a ucwaningo lwamuva (ngeqembu elingewona i-Grubbs) lihlolisise ubuhlobo phakathi kokusetshenziswa kocansi nokunethezeka nokusebenza ngokobulili okusebenzisa i-CPUI-9. Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi inani le-porn elisetshenzisiwe lihlobene ngokuqinile nemibuzo ye-1-6 (0.50), kodwa hhayi neze ehlobene nemibuzo 7-9 (0.03). Lokhu kusho ukuthi inani le-porn elisetshenzisiwe liyisici esiqinile kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni umlutha wezocansi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuhlazeka nokuzizwa ngecala akuhlobene nokusetshenziswa kocansi, futhi akuhlangene nobudlova be-porn.

Ucwaningo luyabona ukuthi inani lokusebenzisa i-porn ayiyona ngokuhambisana ngokuhambisana nomlutha we-porn

Njengoba kuchaziwe ngenhla, inani le-porn elisetshenzisiwe lihlobene kakhulu nokulutha kocansi kunokwenkolo. Lokho kusho ukuthi, sidinga ukubhekana nokushiwo kukaGrubbs ukuthi amahora wokusetshenziswa kocansi afana nokuthi "umlutha wangempela wezocansi." Lokho wukuthi, ubukhulu bokuthi "umlutha we-porn wangempela" uboniswa kahle kakhulu "ngamahora amanje wokubuka i-inthanethi nge-inthanethi," hhayi ngezivivinyo ezijwayelekile zokuluthwa kocansi noma ngezimpawu ezenziwa ngocansi.

Umgodi kulezi zisekelo zalombhali, ongashayela ngazo iloli, ngukuthi ucwaningo lwe-inthanethi lwe-porn kanye nokulutha kwe-inthanethi (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) ibike lezo zinhlobo ezincane zokulutha kwe-intanethi azihambisani ngokulinganayo namahora okusetshenziswa. Eqinisweni, 'amahora wokusetshenziswa' ahlukahlukene yisilinganiso esingathembekile sokulutha. Amathuluzi wokuhlola umlutha asunguliwe ahlola ukuluthwa usebenzisa ezinye izinto eziningi, ezinokwethenjelwa (njengalezo ezibalwe ezigabeni ezimbili zokuqala ze-CPUI). Izifundo ezilandelayo zokulutha ngocansi nge-inthanethi, okushiywe nguGrubbs, zibika ubudlelwane obuncane phakathi kwamahora nezinkomba zokulutha:

1) Ukubuka Izithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Ku-intanethi: Indima Yokulinganisa Ngokwezocansi kanye Nezimo Zengqondo-I-Psychiatric for Ukusebenzisa I-Internet Sites Sites Ngokuphambene (2011)

"Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi izinkinga zokuzibika empilweni yansuku zonke exhumene nezenzo zocansi ezenziwa ku-inthanethi zabikezelwa ngokulinganisa okuvusa inkanuko kwezocansi, ubukhali bomhlaba wonke bezimpawu zengqondo, kanye nenani lezicelo zocansi ezisetshenziswa lapho usezingosini zocansi eziku-Internet empilweni yansuku zonke , ngenkathi isikhathi esichithwa kumasayithi ezocansi e-intanethi (amaminithi ngosuku) asizange ibambe iqhaza kakhulu ekuchazeni ukuhlukahluka ekuqhathanisweni kwe-Sex Testing System (IATsex). Sibona ukufana okukhona phakathi kwezinqubo zokuqonda nezobuchopho ezingaba nomthelela ekulondolozweni kobulili obenziwa ngokweqile ku-inthanethi nalokho okuchazwa kubantu abaphila ngokweqile. ”

2) Ukuxhaswa ngokocansi nokubhekana nokungasebenzi kahle Ukunquma ukubhebhetheka ngokocansi ngobulili obuyisilisa (2015)

“Okutholakele muva nje kukhombisile ukuhlangana phakathi kobukhali beCyberSex Addiction (CA) nezinkomba zokuthokozisa ngokocansi, nokuthi ukubhekana nokuziphatha ngokocansi kuxhumanise ubudlelwano phakathi kokuthokozela ngokocansi nezimpawu ze-CA. Imiphumela ikhombise ukuhlangana okuqinile phakathi kwezimpawu ze-CA nezinkomba zokuvusa ucansi nokuzijabulisa kocansi, ukubhekana nokuziphatha kocansi, nezimpawu zengqondo. I-CyberSex Addiction ayihlotshaniswa nokuziphatha okungaxhunyiwe ku-intanethi kanye nesikhathi sokusebenzisa i-inthanethi nge-cyber. "

3) Yiziphi Izinto: Ukulingana Noma Ukuziphatha Kokuzilibazisa Kusetshenziswa? Izici Zengqondo Nezimo Zokufuna Ukwelashwa Kwezingcolile Zobulili Ezingcolile Sebenzisa (2016)

Ngokusho kolwazi lwethu oluhle lolu cwaningo luhlolisisa ngokuqondile izinhlangano phakathi kobuningi bokusetshenziswa kocansi kanye nokuziphatha kwangempela kokufuna ukwelashwa okusetshenziselwa ukuhlukunyezwa kwezithombe ezingcolile (kulinganiswa njengokuvakashela isazi sengqondo, isazi sengqondo noma isazi sezocansi ngale njongo). Imiphumela yethu ibonisa ukuthi izifundo ezizayo, kanye nokwelapha, ku le nsimu kufanele igxile kakhulu emthethweni wokusetshenziswa kobulili ekuphileni komuntu ngamunye (ikhwalithi) kunokuba imvamisa nje (ubuningi), njengoba izimpawu ezingekho ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kocansi (kunokuba imvamisa yokusebenzisa i-porn) yiyona ndlela ephawulekayo yokwelapha -kuziphatha okuhle.

Ukuhlobana phakathi kwe-PU nezimpawu ezimbi kwakubalulekile futhi kuhanjiswe yizinkolelo zokuziphendulela ezizimele, ezithintekile (ukungabi nabampofu, okunciphisa okuncane) phakathi kwabafuna ukwelashwa. Phakathi kwalabo abafuna ukwelashwa inkolo ayihlobene nempawu ezimbi.

4) Ukuhlola I-Correlates Yezinkinga Zobulili Ezingcolile Ze-Intanethi Sebenzisa Ku-Student Yunivesithi (2016)

Amaphuzu aphezulu ezinyathelweni zokulutha kwe-intanethi ye-intanethi ahlotshaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke noma ngaphezulu kwe-porn ye-intanethi. Nokho, imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi kwakungekho ukuxhumana okuqondile phakathi kwenani kanye nemvamisa yokusetshenziswa kobulili ezingcolile komuntu futhi kunzima nokukhathazeka, ukucindezeleka, nokuphila nokwaneliseka kobudlelwane. Ukubambisana okuphawulekayo kumazinga aphezulu e-addiction e-intanethi kuhlanganiswa kokuqala kokuboniswa kwe-intanethi, ukulutha kwemidlalo yevidiyo, nokuba yindoda. Ngenkathi ezinye imiphumela emihle yokusetshenziswa kwe-inthanethi ye-intanethi zilotshwe ezincwadini zangaphambilini imiphumela yethu ayibonisi ukuthi ukusebenza kwengqondo kuyathuthukisa ngokusetshenziswa okulinganiselayo noma okungajwayelekile kwe-inthanethi ye-intanethi.

5) Ukubuka Izithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Ze-intanethi: Ubani Obunenkinga, Yeka, Futhi Kungani? (I-2009)

Lolu cwaningo luhlolisise ukusabalala kokubuka izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi, ukuthi kuyinkinga kangakanani, nezinqubo zengqondo ezibeka inkinga kwisampula se-84 yobudala bekolishi ngokusebenzisa inhlolovo engaziwa engozini. Kutholakale ukuthi cishe i-20% -60% yesampula ebheka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ithola kube inkinga ngokuya kwesizinda sentshisekelo. Kulolu cwaningo, inani lokubuka alizange libikezele izinga lezinkinga ezihlangenwe nakho.

Ngakho, kusukela ekuqaleni lolu cwaningo kanye neziqinisekiso zalo ziyawa ngoba iziphetho zalo zihlala phezu kokulinganisa amahora asetshenziswayo manje ngezinga lokulutha / izinkinga / ukucindezeleka okubikwe yizihloko njengendlela efanele yokulutha umlutha.

Kungani ochwepheshe bezidakamizwa benganciki kuphela emahoreni okusetshenziswa?

Cabanga uzama ukuhlola ubukhona bokulutha ngokubuza nje, "Mangaki amahora ochitha manje udla (ukulutha kokudla)?" noma "Uchitha amahora amangaki ukugembula (ukugembula okungeziwe)?" noma "Uchitha amahora amangaki uphuza (utshwala)?" Ukukhombisa ukuthi “amahora wokusetshenziswa” anenkinga kanjani angaba inkomba yokulutha, cabanga ngotshwala njengesibonelo:

1. Indoda yase-Italy eneminyaka engu-45 inesiko lokuphuza izibuko ze-2 zewayini njalo ebusuku ngedina. Ukudla kwakhe kunomndeni wakhe okwedlule futhi kuthatha amahora we-3 ukuqedela (eziningi ze-yakking). Ngakho uphuza amahora angu-3 ebusuku, ihora le-21 ngesonto.
2. Isisebenzi sefektri esineminyaka engama-25 ubudala siphuza kuphela ngezimpelasonto, kodwa siphuza ngokweqile ngoLwesibili nangoMgqibelo ebusuku size sifike eqophelweni lokugula noma ukugula. Uyazisola ngesenzo sakhe futhi ufuna ukuyeka, kodwa akakwazi, ushayela edakiwe, alwe, unolaka ngokocansi, njll. Usebenzisa lonke iSonto elulama, futhi uzizwa sengathi uyinkosi kuze kube uLwesithathu. Kodwa-ke, wayechitha amahora ayisishiyagalombili kuphela ngesonto ephuza.

Yimuphi ophuzayo onenkinga? Kusiza ngani ukusebenzisa “amahora wokusebenzisa” ekuluthweni ukugembula? Thatha laba badlali ababili bokugembula;

1. Uthisha osethathe umhlalaphansi esikoleni samabanga aphansi ohlala eLas Vegas. Yena nabangane bakhe abathathu bahlala njalo ntambama phakathi nesonto emgqeni bedlala imishini ye-nickel slot ne-video-poker kumakhasino ahlukahlukene angabhemi. Ngemuva kwalokho bavame ukudla isidlo sakusihlwa ku-CircusCircus $ 9.99 buffet. Ukulahleka okuphelele kungafinyelela ku- $ 5.00, kepha kuvame ukwehla. Isikhathi esiphelele ngesonto - amahora angama-25.
2. Ugesi oneminyaka engu-43 ubudala onezingane ezi-3 ezisencane, manje ohlala yedwa emotel eseedy. Ukubheja amahhashi kuholele esahlukanisweni, ukulahleka kwemisebenzi, ukuqothuka, ukungakwazi ukukhokha isondlo sezingane, nokulahlekelwa amalungelo okuvakasha. Ngenkathi evakashela ithrekhi kathathu ngesonto, cishe amahora ama-3 isikhathi ngasinye, ukugembula kwakhe okucindezelayo konakalisa impilo yakhe. Akakwazi ukuma futhi ucabanga ukuzibulala. Isikhathi sonke sokugembula ngesonto - amahora angu-2.

Kodwa, uyazibuza, ngokuqinisekile inani lemithi elisetshenziswayo kufanele lilingane nesilinganiso sokulutha umlutha? Hhayi ngempela. Isibonelo, izigidi zabantu baseMelika abanezinhlungu ezingapheliyo bangabasebenzisi bama-opioid kadokotela (Vicodin, Oxycontin) njalo. Ubuchopho babo nezicubu zabo zisekelwe ekuziphatheni ngokomzimba, futhi ukuyeka ngokushesha ukusetshenziswa kungabangela ukuhoxiswa okukhulu kwezimpawu. Nokho, bambalwa iziguli ezigulayo ezingapheli ziyizidakamizwa. Isiyaluyalu kuhilela izinguquko eziningi zobuchopho ezizimele kahle eziholela ekuboniseni izimpawu kanye nezimpawu zezobuchwepheshe ezibona ukuthi ziyingozi. (Uma ukuhlukana kungacacile, ngincoma lokhu incazelo elula ka-NIDA.) Iningi leziguli ezibuhlungu ezingapheli ziyolahla ngenjabulo izidakamizwa zabo ukuze zizuze ukuphila okungenabuhlungu obunzima. Lokhu kuhluke kakhulu kumlutha we-opioid weqiniso ovame ukubeka engozini yonke into ukuze aqhubeke nomlutha wabo.

Akukho "amahora asetshenziswayo njengamanje" noma "inani elisetshenzisiwe" kukodwa okungasazisa ukuthi ngubani ongumlutha nokuthi ngubani ongeyena. Kunesizathu sokuthi kungani "ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo ngaphandle kwemiphumela emibi kakhulu" kusiza ochwepheshe bachaze ukulutha, futhi "amahora wokusebenzisa wamanje" awenzi. Khumbula, imibuzo emi-3 “Yokuzama Ukufinyelela” ye-CPUI ihlolisise “ukungakwazi ukuma naphezu kwemiphumela emibi kakhulu.” Kumininingwane kaGrubbs, le mibuzo kwakuyizibikezelo ezinamandla kakhulu ze- okwangempela umlutha wezocansi.

Ngezansi: Izimangalo zikaGrubbs zincike "emahoreni asetshenziswayo njengamanje" okuwukuphela kwesimo esivumelekile sokulutha ngokweqiniso. Akunjalo. Ngisho noma amahora okusetshenziswa ayengummeleli wokulutha, izifundo ezigcwele zikaGrubbs ziveza ukuthi "amahora wamanje wokusetshenziswa kocansi" ahlobene kakhulu nezikolo eziphelele ze-CPUI-9 (okungukuthi, "ukubonwa" umlutha). Okubaluleke kakhulu, "amahora wokusetshenziswa kocansi" ahlobene kakhulu nokulutha kocansi (i-CPUI imibuzo 1-6) kunokukholwa. Ngakho-ke iziphetho zikaGrubbs zombili azilona iqiniso futhi azisekelwe kwisayensi ekhona yokulutha.

"Amahora amanje okusetshenziswa kocansi" ashiya okuguqukayo okuningi

Inkinga yesibili yendlela yokwenza ukuthi iGrubbs ihlolwe ukusetshenziswa kocansi ngokubuza izihloko mayelana "namahora amanje okusetshenziswa kocansi." Lowo mbuzo awucaci kahle. Ngasiphi isikhathi? Isihloko esisodwa kungenzeka ukuthi sicabanga ukuthi “Ngisebenzise malini izolo?” enye "ngesonto eledlule?" noma "ngokwesilinganiso selokhu nginqume ukuyeka ukubuka ngenxa yemiphumela engafuneki?" Umphumela uba yimininingwane engaqhathaniseki futhi engeke yahlaziywa ngenhloso yokuthola iziphetho ezinokwethenjelwa, ingasaphathwa eyeziphetho ezinkulu, ezingasekelwa ezithathwa nguGrubbs.

Okubaluleke kakhulu, umbuzo "wokusebenzisa i-porn wamanje", lapho kuphetha khona iziphetho zesifundo, uyehluleka ukubuza ngokuhlukahluka okubalulekile kokusebenzisa i-porn: ukusetshenziswa kweminyaka kwaqala, iminyaka yokusetshenziswa, noma ngabe umsebenzisi uye wakhuphukela ezinhlotsheni ezintsha zezithombe zocansi noma wenza izibungu ezingcolile ezingalindelekile , isilinganiso se-ejaculation ne-porn to ejaculation ngaphandle kwayo, inani locansi nomlingani wangempela, njalonjalo. Leyo mibuzo kungenzeka isikhanyise ngokwengeziwe ngokuthi ngubani onenkinga yokusebenzisa i-porn kunokuthi nje "amahora asetshenziswayo manje."

ISIQEPHU 3: Ingabe Ukuthembeka Kuhlobene Neqiniso Ngempela?

Isingeniso: Ubufakazi obungakazelelwe kubantu abathintekayo ngokocansi bakhombisa ukuthi kukhona amaklayenti bazizwa umlutha we-porn, kepha uyibuke ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela. Kungenzeka ukuthi amanye ala maklayenti angokwenkolo futhi azizwe enecala futhi eyihlazo elizungeze ukusetshenziswa kwawo kocansi ngezikhathi ezithile. Ingabe laba bantu bahlushwa kuphela "ukubonwa umlutha" hhayi umlutha wangempela we-porn? Mhlawumbe. Lokho kusho ukuthi, laba bantu bafuna ukuyeka okwamanje bayaqhubeka nokusebenzisa i-porn. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi laba "abasebenzisi bezithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile ngezikhathi ezithile" bayimilutha ngempela noma bazizwa benecala futhi benamahloni, into eyodwa iqinisekile: iGrubbs CPUI Ayikwazi hlukanisa "umlutha obonakalayo" kusuka kumlutha wangempela kulaba bantu noma omunye umuntu.

Imibuzo eyodwa kweyesithathu ye-CPUI ihlola ukuzisola nokuhlazeka, okwenza kube nezikole eziphakeme kubantu abakholwayo

Ngoba i-3 yokugcina yemibuzo engu-9 ye-CPUI ihlola icala, amahloni nokuzisola, abasebenzisi be-CPUI bezinkolo ze-pornI bavame ukubekelwa phezulu. Isibonelo, uma umuntu ongakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu nomKristu ozinikeleyo enamanani afanayo emibuzweni ye-CPUI 1-6, kucishe kuqiniseke ukuthi umKristu uzogcina enamanani aphezulu kakhulu we-CPUI-9, ngemuva kokungezwa imibuzo 7-9.

7. Nginamahloni ngemva kokubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuyi-intanethi.
8. Ngicindezelekile ngemva kokubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuyi-intanethi.
9. Ngizizwa ngigula ngemva kokubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuyi-intanethi.

Ukutholwa kwangempela kukaGrubbs yilokho izithombe ezingcolile zenkolo abasebenzisi angase abe nomuzwa onecala kakhulu mayelana nokusetshenziswa kocansi (imibuzo 7-9), kodwa abayena umlutha (imibuzo 4-6).

Ekugcineni, konke esingakuthatha ezifundweni zikaGrubbs ukuthi abanye abasebenzisi bezithombe ezingcolile bezenkolo bayazisola namahloni. Akumangazi lapho. Njengoba amaphesenti aphansi kakhulu abantu benkolo abasebenzisa i-porn, okutholakele kukaGrubb akusitsheli lutho ngabantu benkolo bebonke. Iphuzu eliyinhloko: I-Grubbs isebenzisa isampula esetshenzisiwe yezihloko zenkolo - i-porn isebenzisa okuncane - ukusho ukuthi ukulutha kabi kocansi kuhlobene nenkolo.

Kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi imibuzo yemibuzo yokuhlola yezinye izinhlobo zokulutha ayivamile ukuba nemibuzo mayelana necala nehlazo. Impela, akekho yenza ingxenye yesithathu yemibuzo yabo mayelana necala nehlazo. Isibonelo, isimiso se-DSM-5 kusuka ku-Alcohol Use Disorder iqukethe imibuzo ye-11. Noma kunjalo awukho wemibuzo ohlola ukuzisola noma ukuzizwa unecala ngemuva kokuzitika ngotshwala. Futhi umbuzo we-DSM-5 Wokuluthwa Kokugembula awunawo umbuzo owodwa mayelana nokuzisola, umuzwa wecala noma ihlazo. Esikhundleni salokho, zombili lezi zihloko zemibuzo yokulutha kwe-DSM-5 zigcizelela ukungasebenzi kahle ukuziphatha, efana nemibuzo 4-6 ye-CPUI-9:

4. Ngezinye izikhathi, ngizama ukuhlela isimiso sami ukuze ngibe ngedwa ukuze ngibheke izithombe zobulili ezingcolile.
5. Ngenqabe ukuphuma nabangani noma ukuya eminye imisebenzi yomphakathi ukuze ngithole ithuba lokubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile.
6. Ngiye ngaqeda izinto ezibalulekile ukuze ngibuke izithombe ezingcolile.

Khumbula, imibuzo ye-CPUI 4-6 ihlobene kakhulu "namahora wokusetshenziswa kocansi" njenganoma iyiphi enye into (0.44). Okusho ukuthi "amahora wokusetshenziswa" yisona isibikezeli esiqine kakhulu se- okwangempela umlutha wezocansi kwimininingwane kaGrubbs. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imibuzo engu-4-6 yayinokuhlobana okuncane kakhulu “nenkolo” (0.07). Okusho ukuthi inkolo ayihlobene neze nokulutha kocansi. Ubudlelwano obuncane kakhulu phakathi kwenkolo nokulutha kwezocansi uqobo bungachazwa kangcono ngesampula sikaGrubb esitshekile nezinye izinto ezixoxwe ngezansi.

Ukukholelwa enkolweni akusho ukubikezela ukulutha kocansi. Akunjalo ngisho nesikhala sakho.

Esigabeni 2 sikhombise ukuthi "amahora wokusetshenziswa kocansi" ahlobene kakhulu nezikolo eziphelele ze-CPUI-9 kunokwenkolo. Noma njengoba kusho umcwaningi: "Amahora wokusetshenziswa kocansi" abikezela ukubheja kocansi okungcono kancane kunokwenkolo. Siphinde sakhomba ukuthi ukuhlangana phakathi kwe- okwangempela umlutha wezocansi (imibuzo ye-CPUI i-4-6) ne-Religiosity i-0 ephakathi.07, ngenkathi ukulungiswa kwezidakamizwa ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile (imibuzo ye-CPUI 4-6) kanye "namahora wokusetshenziswa kocansi" kwakungu 0.44. Ukubeka ngenye indlela: "Amahora wokusetshenziswa kocansi" abikezela ukubheja kocansi okungu-600 +% ngokuqine kakhulu kunokwenkolo.

Lokho kusho, i-Grubbs namanje ibika ubuhlobo obuthakathaka obuphakathi kobukholwa kanye nemibuzo engumlutha we-4-6 (0.07). Kanjalo uGubbs ulungile yini, ukuthi inkolo ibikezela ukulutha kocansi? Cha, inkolo ayibikezeli ukulutha kocansi. Ngokuphambene nalokho. Abantu abangokwenkolo abakwazi ukusebenzisa kakhulu izithombe zobulili ezingcolile futhi bancane amathuba okuba babe izilonda zocansi.

Izifundo zikaGrubbs akazange asebenzise isigaba sokunqamula abantu abankolo. Kunalokho, kuphela abasebenzisi be-porn bamanje (okungokwenkolo noma abangakholwa) babuzwa. Ukuziphendulela kwezifundo kubonisa izinga eliphansi kakhulu lokusetshenziswa kocansi kubantu abakholwayo uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu abangebona benkolo (funda i-1, funda i-2, funda i-3, funda i-4, funda i-5, funda i-6, funda i-7, funda i-8, funda i-9, funda i-10, funda i-11, funda i-12, funda i-13, funda i-14, funda i-15, funda i-16, funda i-17, funda i-18, funda i-19, funda i-20, funda i-21, funda i-22, funda i-24)

Isampula likaGrubbs labasebenzisi bezithombe ezingamanyala ezenkolo ngakho-ke kufihlwe kumaphesenti amancane wamadoda enkolo asebenzisa i-porn. Kalula nje, inkolo iyisivikelo ngokumelene nokulutha kocansi.

Isibonelo, lolu cwaningo lwe-2011 (I-Cyber ​​Pornography Sebenzisa Inventory: Ukuqhathanisa iSampula Sezenkolo Nesizwe) kubike iphesenti lamadoda ekolishi nabenkolo bekolishi abasebenzisa i-pornography okungenani kanye ngesonto:

• Ezomphakathi: 54%
• Inkolo: 19%

Esinye isifundo ekolishi abanamadoda enkolo (Ngikholwa ukuthi akulungile kepha ngisakwenza namanje - Ukuqhathaniswa kwezinsizwa ezingokwenkolo eziphikisanayo ezingasebenzisi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, i-2010) wembula ukuthi:

• I-65% yezinsizwa zenkolo ibike ukuthi ayibukeli izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezinyangeni ezedlule ze-12
• I-8.6% ibike ukubuka izinsuku ezimbili noma ezintathu ngenyanga
• I-8.6% ibike ukubukwa nsuku zonke noma zonke izinsuku

Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukuhlolwa kwesigaba esinqunyiwe samadoda asekolishi-yobudala kubonisa amanani aphezulu kakhulu okubuka izithombe ze-porn (I-US - 2008: 87%, I-China - 2012: 86%, ENetherlands - 2013 (iminyaka eyi-16) - 73%). Ngamafuphi, kunikezwe ukuthi iningi leminyaka yobudala yasekolishi, amadoda ezenkolo awavamile ukubuka izithombe ezingcolile, isampula elihlosiwe likaGrubbs "labasebenzisi bezithombe ezingamanyala ezenkolo" alithandeki kahle, kanti isampula lakhe "labasebenzisi bezithombe ezingcolile" limele kahle.

Manje siphendukela ezimbalwa izizathu zokuthi kungani abasebenzisi bezithombe ze-porn bangase baphume amaphuzu aphezulu kuma-questionnaire angayinxeba.

#1) Inkolo abasebenzisi be-porn kungenzeka ukuthi abe namanani aphezulu emibandela ekhona ngaphambili

Njengoba inikezwe ukuthi iningi labantu basekolishi, abantu abakholwayo abavami ukubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, i-Grubbs kanye Leonhardt, et al. amasampula ahlosiwe "abasebenzisa i-porn yenkolo" abamele idlanzana labantu bezenkolo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, amasampula "abasebenzisi be-porn bezwe" bavame ukumela iningi labantu abangakholwa.

Iningi labasebenzisi abancane bezithombe ezingcolile zenkolo bathi bangakuthandi ukubukela izithombe zobulili ezingcolile (100% in lolu cwaningo). Manje kungani laba basebenzisi abathile babuka? Kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi isampula elimele "abasebenzisi be-porn yenkolo" liqukethe iphesenti eliphakeme kakhulu locezu lwabantu bonke olwa nezimo ezikhona noma ama-comorbidities. Lezi zimo zivame ukubakhona eziluthweni (okuyi-OCD, ukudangala, ukukhathazeka, ukukhathazeka komphakathi, i-ADHD, umlando womndeni wokulutha, ukuhlukumezeka kwengane noma ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi, ezinye izidakamizwa, njll.).

Lesi sici sodwa singasichazela ukuthi kungani abasebenzisi bezithombe ezingcolile bezithombe ezingcolile, njengengxenye, bafaka kancane emkhakheni wemibuzo ye-Grubbs yokulutha izicabha. Le ngqondo ixhaswa yizifundo ukufuna ukwelashwa abashayeli bezocansi / ngokobulili (okungenzeka singalindela ukuduma ngokungahambisani naleso sigaba esifanelekile). Abafuna ukwelashwa babonisa cha ubuhlobo phakathi kokukholwa nokulinganisa kokulutha nokuzikhohlisa (Ucwaningo lwe-2016 1, Ucwaningo lwe-2016 2). Uma iziphetho zikaGrubbs bezisebenza, nakanjani besizobona inani elingalingani labasebenzisi bezithombe zocansi abafuna ukwelashwa. Lo mbono usekelwa yizifundo zokwelashwa ezifuna imilutha yezocansi / ucansi eveza ubudlelwano phakathi kokukholelwa kanye nezilinganiso zokulutha kanye nenkolo (Ucwaningo lwe-2016 1, Ucwaningo lwe-2016 2).

#2) Emazingeni aphezulu e-porno asebenzisa abantu benkolo babuyele emikhubeni yenkolo futhi inkolo ibaluleke kakhulu

Lokhu Ucwaningo lwe-2016 kubasebenzisi be-porn yenkolo ibike ukutholakala okungavamile ukuthi ngokwayo kungachaza ukuhlangana okuncane kukaGrubbs phakathi okwangempela umlutha wezocansi kanye nenkolo. Ubuhlobo phakathi kokusetshenziswa kocansi nokuzikhohlisa kuyi-curvilinear. Njengoba ukusetshenziswa kocansi kuyanda, umkhuba wenkolo nokubaluleka kwenkolo ukwehla - kuze kube iphuzu. Kodwa-ke lapho umuntu wezenkolo eqala ukusebenzisa i-porn kanye noma kabili ngesonto leli phethini liyaziguqula: Umsebenzisi we-porn uqala ukuya esontweni kaningi futhi ukubaluleka kwenkolo empilweni yakhe kuyanda. Ingcaphuno evela esifundweni:

"Kodwa-ke, umthelela wezithombe zobulili ezingcolile zangaphambili ekusebenzeni kwezinkolo zakamuva nasemthandazweni kwakuyi-curvilinear: Ukuhambela izinkolo kanye nokuthandaza kwehla kuze kube sezingeni bese kukhuphuka emazingeni aphezulu okubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile."

Leli grafu, elithathwe kulolu cwaningo, liqhathanisa ukufika kwenkonzo yenkolo nenani le-porn elisetshenziswa:

Kubonakala sengathi njengoba ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi kwabantu abangokwenkolo kukhula ngokulawula, babuyela enkolweni njengendlela yokubhekana nokuziphatha kwabo okuyinkinga. Lokhu akumangazi, njengoba amaqembu amaningi wokutakula umlutha ngokususelwa kuzinyathelo ze-12 afaka ingxenye engokomoya noma yezenkolo. Umbhali wephepha uphakamise lokhu njengencazelo engenzeka:

… Izifundo zokulutha ziphakamisa ukuthi labo abazizwa bengenakuzisiza ekuluthweni kwabo bavame ukuthola usizo olungaphezu kwemvelo. Ngempela, izinhlelo eziyizinyathelo eziyishumi nambili ezifuna ukusiza abantu abalwa nezilutha kuyo yonke indawo zifaka phakathi izimfundiso zokuzinikela emandleni aphezulu, futhi inani elikhulayo lezinhlelo eziyizinyathelo eziyishumi nambili zobuKristu zenza lolu xhumo lucace nakakhulu. Kungenzeka ukuthi abantu abasebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile emazingeni aphezulu kakhulu (okungukuthi, basebenzise amazinga okungenzeka abe yisici sokuphoqelelwa noma ukulutha umlutha) empeleni baphoqelelwa enkolweni ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kunokuba basuke kuyo.

Lesi simo sabasebenzisi bezithombe ezingcolile bezenkolo ezibuyela ezinkolelweni zabo njengokulutha komlutha kungase kube lula ukuchaza ukuhlanganiswa okuncane phakathi kokulutha kwezilonda ezingcolile kanye nenkolo.

# 3) Ngokuphambene nezihloko zenkolo, izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezisebenzisa izihloko kungenzeka zingayiboni imiphumela ye-porn ngoba azami ukuzama ukuyeka

Kungenzeka yini ukuthi abasebenzisi bezithombe ezingcolile bezenkolo bathole amaphuzu aphezulu emibhalweni yokulutha umlutha wezocansi ngoba bazamile ukuyeka, ngokungafani nabafowabo bezwe? Ngokwenza njalo bazokwazi ukubona izimpawu nezimpawu zokulutha kwezocansi njengoba kuhlolwe yi Leonhardt, et al. Imibuzo yemibuzo ye-5.

Ngokuya ngeminyaka yokuqapha amaforamu wokuthola kabusha i-porn online, siphakamisa ukuthi abacwaningi kufanele bahlukanise abasebenzisi abazame ukuyeka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kulabo abangazenzi, lapho bebabuza ngemiphumela abazibonayo ye-porn. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ukuthi abasebenzisi be-porn banamuhla (bobabili abakholwayo nabangakholwa) banokuqonda okuncane ngemiphumela ye-porn ye-intanethi kubo kuze kube ngemuva bazama ukuyeka (futhi badlule noma yikuphi izimpawu zokuhoxiswa).

Ngokuvamile, abasebenzisi be-porn abakholelwa ukuthi i-agnostic bakholelwa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kocansi akulimazi, ngakho-ke abanaso isisusa sokuyeka… kuze kube yilapho bengena ezimpawu ezingabekezeleleki (mhlawumbe, ukukhubazeka kokukhathazeka komphakathi, ukungakwazi ukuya ocansini nomlingani wangempela noma ukukhuphuka kokuqukethwe abakuthola kudida / kuphazamisa noma okuyingozi kakhulu). Ngaphambi kwalelo phuzu, uma ubabuza ngokusetshenziswa kwabo kocansi, bazobika ukuthi konke kuhamba kahle. Ngokwemvelo bacabanga ukuthi "bangabasebenzisi abangajwayelekile," abangayeka noma kunini, nokuthi izimpawu abanazo, uma zikhona, zibangelwa okuthile futhi. Shame? Nope.

Ngokuphambene nalokho, abaningi abasebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile baye baxwayiswa ngokuthi ukusetshenziswa kocansi kuyingozi. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi basebenzise i-porn encane futhi bazama ngokuyinikeza, mhlawumbe okungaphezu kwesisodwa. Ukuhlola okunjalo kokuyeka izithombe ze-intanethi kukhanyisa kakhulu, njengoba kungukuthi lapho abasebenzisi be-porn (benkolo noma cha) bethola:

1. Kunzima kangakanani ukuyeka (uma bengumlutha)
2. Ukusetshenziswa kocansi kubathinte kanjani kabi, ngokomzwelo, ngokocansi nangenye indlela (ngokuvamile ngoba izimpawu ziqala ukuyeka ngemva kokuyeka)
3. [Endabeni yezimpawu ezinjalo] Yeka ukuthi ukuhoxiswa kungenza kanjani izimpawu zibe zibi nakakhulu, ngaphambi kokuba ubuchopho buyabuyisele
4. Kubuhlungu kangakanani lapho befuna ukunikela ngokuthile kodwa bengakwazi (Lokhu amahloni, kodwa hhayi "ihlazo lezenkolo / lezocansi" - njengoba abacwaningi kwesinye isikhathi becabanga ngoba abasebenzisi benkolo bakubika kaningi. Iningi labo bonke abayimilutha ngeshwa bazizwa benamahloni lapho bezizwa bengenamandla okuyeka, noma ngabe bangabenkolo noma cha.)
5. Ukuze babe nesifiso esinamandla sokusebenzisa i-porn. Izifiso zivame ukwanda ngokweqile ngeviki noma ukuphumula isikhathi eside ngokusebenzisa i-porn.

Okuhlangenwe nakho okunjalo kwenza labo abazame ukuyeka ukuyeka ukuxwaya kakhulu ngokusetshenziswa kocansi. Njengoba abasebenzisi bezenkolo abaningi bebevame ukwenza izivivinyo ezinjalo, izinsimbi zomqondo zizobonisa ukuthi bakhathazeke kakhulu ngokusetshenziswa kwabo kocansi kunabasebenzisi abangakholwa - yize kungenzeka ukuthi basebenzisa izithombe ezingcolile ezingaphansi!

Ngamanye amagama, akufanele yini ukuthi abacwaningi nabo baphenye ukuthi abasebenzisi be-porn bezwe kwesinye isikhathi ukungaqondi kahle ukusetshenziswa kocansi njengokungenangozi, kunokucabanga ukuthi ngabantu benkolo abaqonda ngokungekho ubukhona bezinkinga ezihlobene nocansi yize besebenzisa okuncane? Umlutha, ngemuva kwakho konke, awuhlolwa ngokususelwa kubungako noma imvamisa yokusetshenziswa, kepha kunalokho kube nemiphumela edumazayo.

Kunoma yikuphi, ukwehluleka ukuhlukanisa labo abaye bazama ukushiya labo abangakabikho, kuyinkimbinkimbi enkulu ekucwaningeni ezama ukudweba iziphetho mayelana nemiphumela yobuhlobo phakathi kokukholwa, ukuhlazeka nokusetshenziswa kocansi. Kulula ukutolika kabi imininingwane njengobufakazi bokuthi “inkolo kwenza abantu bakhathazeke ngezithombe ezingcolile zobulili noma ngabe basebenzisa kancane kunezinye, nokuthi ukube bebengezona izinkolo bebengeke bakhathazeke. ”

Isiphetho esifanelekile singaba ukuthi labo abake bazama ukuyeka, futhi baqonda ukuthi amaphuzu angenhla bakhathazekile kakhulu, nokuthi inkolo iyimbangela yokwenza kwabo lokho kuhlola (futhi okunye okungabalulekile). Kuyadumaza ukubona izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo zenza ukuhlangana okulula nenkolo / ingokomoya futhi zenze iziphetho "ezihlazisayo", ngaphandle kokubona ukuthi ziqhathanisa "ama-apula" nama "amawolintshi" lapho ziqhathanisa abasebenzisi abazame ukuyeka nabasebenzisi abangazange. Futhi, yilabo abakuqala abavame ukubona izingozi kanye nokulimala kokusetshenziswa kocansi ngokucacile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi benkolo noma cha.

Lokhu kuphazamiseka kuvame ukuxhashazwa yilabo abafuna ukunakwa kude nezibonakaliso ezinzima abasebenzisi abangenayo inkolo abathola njalo. Abasebenzisi be-agnostic bavame ukuba nezibonakaliso ezinzima ngesikhathi do yeka, ngoba nje bathambekele ekuyekeni endaweni ephansi ekwehleni kwezimpawu kunabasebenzisi bezithombe ezingcolile. Kungani abacwaningi bengafundi lesi simo?

Empeleni, besizobheja ukuthi isabelo sengonyama salabo abane ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi okubangelwa ucansi kukhona ama-agnostics. Kungani? Ngenxa yokuthi abangenayo inkolo bavame ukukholelwa ukungabi nabungozi kokusetshenziswa kocansi lwe-intanethi okuqhubekayo ukuyisebenzisa ngokudlula izibonakaliso zokuxwayisa, njengokukhushukela ukukhathazeka komphakathi, ukukhula kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ukunganaki, ubunzima ekufezeni ukulungiswa ngaphandle kocansi, kunzima ukusebenzisa amakhondomu noma ukuphefumula nomlingani, njalonjalo.

Iqiniso liwukuthi, noma okungajwayelekile, noma okungajwayelekile, ukusetshenziswa kocansi kungabeka ubungqingili kwabanye abasebenzisi bokuthi buphazamise ukwaneliseka ngokobulili kanye nobudlelwano. Nakhu i-akhawunti yomuntu oyedwa. Ukwenyuka kokuqukethwe kobulili okwakungenakuthandeka noma ukuphindaphinda kuvamile isigamu sabasebenzisi be-porn abasebenzisi be-inthanethi. Ngamafuphi, njengoba kucatshangwe ngenhla, ukusetshenziswa okungajwayelekile akuyona i-panacea. Labo abangasebenzisi njalo kodwa abakhathazeke ngokusetshenziswa kwabo kwezingcingo kungase kube nesizathu esihle sokukhathazeka ngokusekelwe ekuhlolweni kwabo, ngokungafani nalokho abakuzwayo nge-porn ngesikhathi sezinkonzo zenkolo.

Kungabe kungcono ukwakha ucwaningo olubuza abasebenzisi be-porn (kokubili ngokwenkolo nakwezinye izindlela) ukuyeka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile isikhashana bese uqhathanisa nakho kwabo ngezilawuli? Bheka Ukuqeda Amaphutha Ezingcolile Zase-Internet Zisebenzise Ukuveza Imiphumela Yalo ukuze kube nokuklanywa kwesifundo.

#4) Izizathu zezinto eziphilayo zokuthi kungani abasebenzisi bezithombe ezingcolile bangase baphume amaphuzu aphezulu emibhalweni yezinhlanzi zobulili ezingcolile

Ukusetshenziswa kocansi kaningi kwe-intanethi kunezingozi ezijwayelekile kubasebenzisi abaningi banamuhla. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukukhula kwezinto ezimbi kakhulu, ukunethezeka kobulili kanye nokwaneliseka kobudlelwane, ukulutha umlutha, kanye / noma ukulahleka kancane kancane kokuthandwa kwabalingani bangempela (kanye nokuvinjelwa kwe-anorgasmia kanye nokwethenjelwa).

Okungaziwa kahle ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okuphakathi (isibonelo, amahora angu-2 wokuzibopha izithombe ezingcolile okulandelwa amasonto ambalwa okuziqeda ngaphambi kwesinye isikhathi sezithombe zobulili ezingcolile) abeka ingozi enkulu yokulutha umlutha. Izizathu ziyizinto eziphilayo, futhi kukhona lonke ucwaningo lomlutha womzimba on ukusetshenziswa okuphakathi ezilwaneni nasezintweni zabantu abahlukumeza izenzakalo zobuchopho ezithintekayo.

Isibonelo, kokubili umuthi futhi ukudla okungenamsoco Ucwaningo lwembula ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okuphakathi kungaholela ngokushesha ukuguqulwa kobuchopho obuhlobene nomlutha (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umsebenzisi uyangena yini ngokugcwele). Izinguquko eziyinhloko ukuzwela okuyinto iqhuma isikhungo sombukiso sobuchopho ngezibonakaliso ezikhiqiza kanzima ukunganaki izifiso. Ngokwezwa, izijikelezo zobuchopho ezihilelekile ekugqugquzelweni nasekufuneni umvuzo ziba yizicabangela ezingqondweni noma ezihlobene nokuziphatha kokulutha. Lesi simo sokujula se-pavlovian siphumela ukukhuphuka "kokufuna" noma ukunxanela ngenkathi ukuthanda noma ubumnandi obuvela emsebenzini kuyehla. Ama-cues, njengokuvula ikhompuyutha, ukubona i-pop-up, noma i-yedwa, kubangela ukulangazela okukhulu kwe-porn. (Izifundo zokubika ukuzwa ukuzwela noma ukucubungula-abasebenza kubasebenzisi be-porn: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20.)

Okumangalisa nakakhulu ukuthi izikhathi zokuziyeka (amasonto we-2-4) kuholele ekushintsheni kwe-neuroplastic lokho akuveli kumsebenzisi ongathathi amakhefu amade. Lezi zinguquko ebuchosheni zanda izifiso zokuzisebenzisa ekuphenduleni izimbangela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i izinguquko zesistimu yokucindezeleka kangangokuthi ngisho nokucindezeleka okuncane kungabangela izifiso zokusebenzisa.

Ukusetshenziswa okungapheli (ikakhulukazi uhlobo lokudakwa) ingaveza futhi izimpawu ezinkulu zokuhoxisa, njengokungathembeki, ukucindezeleka futhi izifiso. Ngamanye amazwi, uma umuntu esebenzisa ngemuva kokuziyeka, kanye ne-binges, ingashaya umsebenzisi kanzima - mhlawumbe ngenxa ukuqina okukhulu okuhlangenwe nakho.

Ngokusekelwe kulolu cwaningo, ososayensi baye baphetha ngokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke kusho i-cocaine, utshwala, ugwayi, noma ukudla okungenamsoco akudingekile ukukhiqiza izinguquko zobuchopho eziphathelene nokulutha. Ukuzibophezela okungapheli kungenza into efanayo nokusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kwenzeka Okuningi.

Manje, ake sibuyele ekuqhathaniseni abasebenzisi bezithombe ezingokwenkolo nabangenacala. Yiliphi iqembu elingafaka phakathi abasebenzisi abangaphezulu? Ucwaningo olunikeziwe olubonisa lokho Abasebenzisi be-porn zenkolo bakhetha ukungasebenzisi i-porn, cishe kunokwenkolo kunabasebenzisi bezwe abanjwe umjikelezo wokuzibamba. Abasebenzisi bezenkolo bazovame ukuba "abasebenzisi abaphakathi." Abasebenzisi abaningi bavame ukuthi bavame ukuthatha amakhefu okungaphezu kwezinsuku ezimbalwa - ngaphandle kokuba babe abasebenzisi abaphakathi kwamanye amazwe ngoba bezama ukuyeka ukusebenzisa i-porn.

Omunye umphumela obalulekile wokujikeleza ukuzitika ngokweqile wukuthi abasebenzisi bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile bahlangabezana nezikhala ezinwetshiwe (kanye nokuthuthukiswa kaningi). Bangakwazi ukubona ngokucacile ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwabo kobulili kubathinte kanjani, ngokungafani nabasebenzisi abavamile. Lokhu kuphela kungase kuholele ezikoleni eziphakeme kumbuzo wezinkinga zokulutha izidakamizwa. Okwesibili, umphumela obaluleke kakhulu ukuthi abasebenzisi bezithombe ezingcolile bayothola iziqephu ezivame kakhulu zezifiso ezinamandla. Okwesibili, uma abasebenzisi abaphakathi bangena ngaphakathi, isayensi okukhulunywe ngenhla ibikezela ukuthi bayozizwa behluleka ukulawula, bese bezwa okunye kokunciphisa ngemuva kokubheja. Ngamafuphi, abasebenzisi abaphakathi bangakwazi ukugqilaza futhi baphakamise ngokumangalisayo ukuhlaselwa kwezidakamizwa ezingcolile zobulili, nakuba besebenzisa imvamisa encane kunabo abafowabo bezwe.

Ngaphansi kwezimo, kungakapheli ukuphetha ngokuthi ukuhlazeka kubangela umehluko phakathi kwabasebenzisi benkolo nabangenkolo. Abacwaningi kumele balawule umthelela wokusetshenziswa okuphakathi. Wathi ngokuhlukile, uma ngaphezulu Leonhardt et al's izifundo zenkolo zazibandakanya amaphesenti aphezulu abasebenzisi abangaphakathi kunezihloko zabo ezingathandeki, omunye angalindela abasebenzisi benkolo ukuba baphuzule kakhulu ekuhloleni izidakamizwa naphezu kokusebenzisa kancane kancane.

Yiqiniso, ingozi yokusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezingasetshenziswanga ayihlanganiswa nabasebenzisi bezithombe ezingokwenkolo. Lesi simo sibonisa izibonelo zezilwane kanye nabasebenzisi bezithombe ezingcolile abazama ukuyeka kodwa beqhubeka bezitika ngokweqile ngezikhathi ezithile. Iphuzu liwukuthi umphumela wokusetshenziswa okuvamile kanye nokulutha kabi kocansi kudingeka udatshulwe ngokuzimela ngaphambi kokudweba nokwethula imibono mayelana namahloni (noma "okubonwayo" ukulutha kobulili obungcolile) njengencazelo kuphela yokuthi kungani abasebenzisi bezithombe ezingcolile babika izikolo eziphakeme zokulutha emakhonsathini ukusetshenziswa okuncane njalo.

Isifinyezo se-Religiosity ne-Porn Sebenzisa:

1. Ukukholelwa ekukholweni akubikezeli ukulutha kocansi (okubonwayo noma okunye). Amaphesenti amakhulu kakhulu abantu abasebenzisa i-porn.
2. Njengoba amaphesenti amancane abantu abakholwayo basebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, ngokusobala inkolo iyabonakala ukuvikela ngokumelene nokulutha kwezilonda.
3. Grubbs kanye Leonhardt, et al. amasampula athathwe kwabambalwa “babasebenzisi bezithombe ezingamanyala ezingokwenkolo” asontekile maqondana nabasebenzisi benkolo, okungahle kube nomphumela ophakeme kakhulu wesampula lezenkolo elinama-comorbidities. Ngenxa yalokho abasebenzisi bezithombe ezingcolile banamanani aphakeme kancane kuzinsimbi zomlutha wezocansi futhi babika ubunzima obuningi bokulawula ukusetshenziswa.
4. Njengoba ukusetshenziswa kocansi kuyinto evamile noma okuphoqeleka, abasebenzisi bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile babuyela ezinkolelweni zabo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi labo ababeka phambili kakhulu ekuhlolweni kwezidakamizwa zezocansi bazophinde baphuzule phezulu ekukholweni.
5. Abasebenzisi abaningi bezithombe ezingokwenkolo baye baxwayiswa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kocansi kuyingozi. Ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi basebenzise i-porn encane futhi bazama ngokuyibeka. Ngokwenza kanjalo cishe bayakwazi ukubona izibonakaliso nezimpawu zokulutha kwezidakamizwa njengoba kuhlolwe yi-Grubss CPUI-9 Leonhardt, et al. Imibuzo yemibuzo ye-5 - ngaphandle kokubheka inani lokusetshenziswa kocansi.
6. Abasebenzisi bezithombe ezingcolile abangabonwayo bangaba umlutha kakhulu futhi baphakamise ngokumangalisayo ukuhlaselwa kwezilingo zocansi, ngisho noma basebenzisa imvamisa encane kunabo abafowabo bezwe.

ISIGABA 4: I-Grubbs ihlukanisa i-Current State of Addiction Research

Ukuba semthethweni kokulutha kwezithombe zocansi kwi-inthanethi kubhekiswe okungenani ezifundweni ezintathu zikaJoshua Grubbs (Grubbs et al., 2015; U-Bradley et al., I-2016; Grubbs et al., 2016.) Onke amaphepha amathathu alahla eceleni amashumi eminyaka ocwaningo lwe-neuropsychological nolunye ucwaningo (kanye namathuluzi wokuhlola ahlobene) ukuzama ukukholisa abafundi ukuthi izincwadi zesayensi zibonisa ukuthi ukuluthwa kocansi lwe-inthanethi akukho (ngaleyo ndlela kusekela abakwaGrubbs bathi bonke ubufakazi bezocansi umlutha kufanele "ubonwe," hhayi ongokoqobo).

Izifundo zikaGrubbs zishicilele ukuqeda ukulutha kwezidakamizwa

Ezigabeni zabo zokuvula, izifundo ezintathu zikaGrubbs okukhulunywe ngazo esigabeni esandulelayo zikhombisa ukukhetha kwabo okujulile ngokusekela isimangalo sabo ngokungabi bikho kokulutha kwezocansi kwe-inthanethi emaphepheni abantu ababili abazibiza ngokuthi "yi-internet porn addiction debunkers": UDavid Ley, umbhali we Inkolelo-mkhuba Yezokwelapha Ngokwezocansi, futhi owayengumcwaningi we-UCLA uNicole Prause, onomsebenzi wakhe oye wagxekwa ngokusemthethweni ezincwadini zezokwelapha izindlela ezibuthakathaka futhi iziphetho ezingasekelwe. Amaphepha amathathu uGrubbs akholelwa ukuthi u-debunk umlutha wezocansi:

1. U-Emperor Akanazo Izingubo: Ukubuyekezwa Kwesibonelo Sokulutha Umlutha Wezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile (2014), nguDavid Ley, uNicole Prause noPeter Finn
2. Isifiso sobulili, hhayi ukuziphatha ngokobulili, sihlobene nezimpendulo ze-neurophysiological ezifakwe izithombe zobulili (2013), UVaughn R. Steele, uCameron Staley, uThimothy Fong, uNicole Prause
3. Ukubuka i-Stimuli Yezocansi Ehambisana Nokuphendula Okukhulu Kwezocansi, Hhayi Ukukhubazeka Kwe-Erectile (2015), UNicole Prause noJim Pfaus

Iphepha #1 (Ley et al., 2013) is isiqeshana esisodwa esisodwa senkulumo-ze nguLey, Prause kanye nosebenza naye uPeter Finn, othi ubuyekezwa isifanekiso sokulutha izidakamizwa. Kwakungekho. Okokuqala, Ley et al. ishiye zonke izifundo ezishicilelwe ezibonisa imiphumela emibi ekusetshenzisweni kocansi ngezizathu zokuthi "zimane" zihambelana. Ufunde lelo lungelo. Okwesibili, ikhethe imigqa engahleliwe, edukisayo evela ezifundweni, yehluleka ukubika iziphetho eziphikisayo zabacwaningi. Okwesithathu, Ley et al. ucaphune izifundo eziningi ezazingekho ngokungafanele ezenzweni ezenziwe. Siyaqaphela ukuthi lezi ziqiniseko ezinamandla kakhulu, kodwa zisekelwa ngokugcwele futhi zilotshiwe kulokhu line-by-line critique. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi Ley et al. Umhleli, uCharles Moser, sekuyisikhathi eside ekhona umgxekayo wezwi wezilonda zocansi kanye nobulili. Futhi wazi lokho Imibiko Yezempilo Yamanje Yezocansi ine elifushane futhi eliyidwala umlando. Iqala ukushicilela ku-2004, bese iyaqhubeka i-hiatus ku-2008, kuphela ukuvuswa ku-2014, ngesikhathi sokubonakala Ley et al.

Iphepha #2 (Steele et al., 2013) kwaba isifundo se-EEG esasungulwa kumaphephandaba njengobufakazi ngokumelene ukutholakala komlutha wezocansi. Akunjalo. Lolu cwaningo lwe-Lab Lab lwe-SPAN lusekela ekusizeni kokubili umlutha wezocansi kanye nokusebenzisa i-porn ekulawuleni phansi isifiso socansi. Kanjani? Ucwaningo lubike ukufundwa kwe-EEG ephakeme (P300) lapho izifundo zivezwa ngokufutshane ezithombeni zobulili ezingcolile. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi i-P300 ephakeme kwenzeka uma izilonda zivezwa ezizindeni (njengezithombe) ezihlobene nokulutha kwabo. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yeziphambeko zokwenza lokho okutholakele akunakuqondakala: Izihloko ze-1) zazingavamile (abesilisa, abesifazane, abangewona abesilisa nabesifazane); Izihloko ze-2) azizange zihlolwe izifo zengqondo noma izidakamizwa; Ucwaningo lwe-3) alukho iqembu lokulawula lokuqhathanisa; Imibuzo ye-4) ayiqinisekisile ukulutha kwe-porn. Ngokuhambisana ne Ucwaningo lweCambridge University luhlola izinhlelo, lolu cwaningo lwe-EEG lubuye lwabika ukucutshungulwa okukhulu kwe-porn kuyahambisana Ngaphansi isifiso sobulili obuhlukanisiwe. Beka enye indlela, abantu abanokusebenza kakhudlwana kakhudlwana kanye nezifiso ze-porn ezikhethwa ukushaya indlwabu kunecansi kunokuba abe nobulili nomuntu wangempela. Okhulumela isifundo uNicole Prause uthi labo abasebenzisi be-porn babenemiphumela ephakeme ye-libido, kodwa imiphumela yocwaningo ithi ngokuphambene ngqo (isifiso sabo sobulili obuhlukanisiwe sasihlehliswa ngokuphathelene nokusetshenziswa kwabo kocansi). Njengoba ayikho into ehambelana nalezi zihlokwana, I-Grubbs iqhubekisele phambili iziphetho ezinamaphutha zabalobi bokuqala (the "debunkers of porn addiction"). Amaphepha ayisithupha abuyekezwe ngontanga ahlaziye ngokusemthethweni Steele et al., I-2013 ephetha ngokuthi ukutholakala kwayo kuhambisana nethonya lokulutha izidakamizwa ezingcolile okuthiwa i-debunk: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Futhi bona lokhu ukuhlaziywa okubanzi.

Iphepha #3 (Ukudumisa & Pfaus 2015) yanikezwa nguGrubbs njengobungqina bemiphumela emihle yezocansi:

… Ezinye izifundo zize ziphakamise nemiphumela emihle engahle ihambisane nokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi (Prause & Pfaus, 2015).

Ukudumisa noPfaus kwakungeyona isifundo sangempela futhi akutholanga "imiphumela emihle" ehlobene nokusetshenziswa kocansi. Ayikho idatha evela ephepheni lePrause & Pfaus (2015) elifane nezifundo ezine zangaphambili ezazisekwe kulo. Ukungafani bekungekuncane futhi bekungakachazwa. Amazwana womcwaningi uRichard A. Isenberg MD, eshicilelwe ku Imithi Yezocansi Ukufinyelela Okuvulekile, ikhomba ukungafani, kepha hhayi konke) ngokungafani, amaphutha nezimangalo ezingasekelwa. Umphumela omuhle wedwa uPrause & Pfaus bathi wawungaphezulu "kokulinganisa okuvusa inkanuko" ngemuva kokubuka i-porn ezifundweni ezazibuka izithombe ezingcolile ezingaphezulu ekhaya. Izinkinga eziningana ngalesi simangalo:

1. Indlela eyengeziwe esekelwe kwisayensi yokuhumusha lo mkhuba wokuvusa ukuthi amadoda asetshenzisiwe kakhulu abhekana nakho okukhulu izifiso zokusebenzisa i-porn. Ngokuthakazelisayo, babe nesifiso esingaphansi kocansi nomlingani nesifiso esikhulu sokushaya indlwabu ngaphezu kwalawo amahora ambalwa abheke izithombe zobulili ezingcolile.
2. Ukudumisa noPfaus bekungeke kuhlolisise ngokunembile ukuvuswa kwezihloko ngoba:

• izifundo ze-4 ezisemqoka zasebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-porn. Ucwaningo olubili olusetshenziswa ifilimu ye-3-minute, isifundo esisodwa sasebenzisa ifilimu yesibili ye-20, futhi isifundo esisodwa sisetshenziselwa izithombe.
• izifundo ze-4 ezisekelwe phansi zasebenzisa izilinganiso zezinombolo ezahlukene. Omunye wasebenzisa i-0 kuya esikalini se-7, omunye usebenzisa i-1 kuya esikalini se-7, futhi isifundo esisodwa asizange sibike ukulinganisa ngokocansi.

URichard A. Isenberg MD Ucele iPrause & Pfaus ukuthi bachaze ukuthi bangawufuna kanjani lo mphumela ekubeni ingekho imininingwane esekelayo. Akekho umlobi okwazile ukunikeza impendulo eqondakalayo.

Okushiwo yi-Grubbs izifundo

Ngokuphathelene nokwenzelela kukaGrubbs, kusitshela nakakhulu ukuthi izifundo ze-3 ezibalulwe ngenhla ziyashiya zonke izifundo ze-neurological and neuropsychological ezithola ubufakazi bokusekela imodeli yokulutha kabi kocansi (phezu 40 eqoqwe lapha). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-Grubbs akhiyiwe Ukubuyekezwa kwakamuva kwe-17 kwezincwadi nokuphawula wezincwadi eziphathelene nokulutha kocansi nocansi (ohlwini olufanayo). Eziningi zalezi zifundo kanye nokubuyekezwa kwabanye ngososayensi abaphezulu bezinzwa e-Yale University, eCambridge University, University of Duisburg-Essen, naseMax Planck Institute. (Ezinye zalezi zazingakashicilelwa ngenkathi izifundo zikaGrubbs zisiya emaphephandabeni, kodwa eziningi zazingashicilelwa, futhi zazinganakwa.)

Qhathanisa nalabo baphandi abavelele abaneLey noPrause. U-Ley akanazizinda ze-neuroscience futhi akakashici lutho kuze kufike Ley et al., 2014. I-Prause ayizange ihlotshaniswe nanoma iyiphi inyuvesi kusukela ngoDisemba, 2014, nakuye izimangalo ezungeze izifundo zakhe ze-2 EEG ziye zahlushwa ngokuphindaphindiwe ezincwadini ezibuyekezwa ngontanga (isifundo se-2015: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.; Ucwaningo lwe-2013: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.)

Singacabanga ukuthi ukuvuma ukuthi khona Izifundo ze-40 ze-neurological kanye nokubuyekezwa kwe-18 kwezincwadi nokuphawula okusekela imodeli yokulutha kwezocansi kungadicilela phansi umqondo kaGrubbs wokuthi ukulutheka kocansi….

“Ihlobene kakhulu nenkolo nokuziphatha okuhle ngocansi. Ngamafuphi, uthi, "Kunamahloni."

Uma "ukubheja kocansi kumane kuyihlazo" uGrubbs ulichaza kanjani inani elikhulayo lezifundo zezinzwa ezitholile ukuguquka kobuchopho kubasebenzisi bezithombe ezingamanyala ezihambisana nokulutha kwezidakamizwa? Kungenzeka kanjani amahloni imbangela ubuchopho obufanayo buyashintsha lokho kwenzeka ngokulutha kwezidakamizwa? Ubufakazi behlazo bungabuphikisa kanjani ubukhona bokulutha ebuchosheni obukhombisa ubufakazi bokulutha? Ngeke.

(kokubili ngokwenkolo nakwehlukile) ukuyeka izithombe ezingcolile zobulili isikhathi bese uqhathanisa nakho okuhlangenwe nakho nezilawuli? Bheka Ukuqeda Amaphutha Ezingcolile Zase-Internet Zisebenzise Ukuveza Imiphumela Yalo ukuze kube nokuklanywa kwesifundo.

• Futhi ubone: I-Critique ye: "Izimpahla Ezonakalisiwe: Ukubona Ukulutha Kwezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Njengomlamuleli Phakathi Kokukholwa Nobudlelwano Ukukhathazeka Kuzungeze Izithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Sebenzisa" (Leonhardt, Willoughby, & Young-Petersen 2017)