I-Porn Science Deniers Alliance (AKA: "RealYourBrainOnPorn.com" ne- "ScienceOfArousal.com")

yingaboy

Ithebula lokuqukethwe elimboza i-realyourbrainonporn.com:

  1. I-Porn Science Deniers Alliance ibandakanyeka ekuphuleni uphawu okungekho emthethweni kwe-WeBrainOnPorn.com
  2. Ekugcineni, i-Alliance (Ochwepheshe be-RealYBOP) isebenza ngokukhululekile njengeqoqo eliqhutshwa yi-ajenda
  3. Ochwepheshe beRealBBOP banxeshezelwa yimboni enkulu ye-porn xHamster ukukhuthaza amawebhusayithi ayo futhi baqinisekise abasebenzisi ukuthi ukulutha kabi kocansi nokulutha ngokocansi kuyizinganekwane.
  4. Bathola ukukhangiswa okuningi, kodwa i-Porn Science Deniers Alliance imelela encane, noma yizwi elilodwa, eliyingcosana elinobuso obukhulu kakhulu
  5. I-Porn Science Deniers Alliance ayiphumelelanga nencwadi yokuhlola yezokwelapha esetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni, I-International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11)
  6. Amaphepha ahlanganisiwe we-Alliance, amaphepha avame ukungahambisani nawo awameleli phambili kocwaningo
  7. Ukubuka konke kwe-Alliance's cherry-ekhethwe, imvamisa yamamatheke
  8. Cishe wonke amaphepha e-Alliance abhekiswe ezingxenyeni ezithile zangaphambilini zezindatshana ezedlule zePrause
  9. Awungeke uqambe amanga imodeli uma ungakwazi ukuqamba imodeli
  10. Amalungu ahlukahlukene e-Porn Science Deniers Alliance anomlando wokuqamba amanga ngezifundo zawo nezabanye
  11. Ukuveza amaphepha e-Alliance akhethwe yi-Alliance: i-disinformation, ukumelwa kabi, ukushiywa kanye namanga - Izixhumanisi zokuhlaziywa kwe-YBOP kwesigaba ngasinye sokucwaninga seDeniers Alliance:
    1. I-Erectile Nezinye Izifo Zokuhlukunyezwa Ngokocansi Isigaba
    2. Isimo Sengqondo Kwabesifazane Isigaba
    3. Isigaba somthetho
    4. Uthando Nokusondelana Isigaba
    5. Amamodeli wesigaba se-Hypersexuality
    6. Isigaba Sobusha
    7. Amafilimu noma Isigaba Sokushaya Indlwabu
    8. Isigaba sokwephulwa kobulili
    9. Isigaba se-LGBT
    10. Isigaba sokubekezela
    11. Isigaba sesithombe somzimba
    12. Isigaba sabenzi
    13. Updates

Abaphikisi Besayensi Yezocansi wenza ukwephula uphawu lwentengiso okungekho emthethweni kwe- YourBrainOnPorn.com

Ukhathazekile ngokubandlululwa, kepha kukhulunywa kahle ngokwengeziwe, imibono yezazi zocansi ezi-pro-porn kanye nabalingani bazo? Ukuze kube lula kuwe, iqembu elikhulu le-Porn Science Deniers manje selizikhiphile njengeqembu elikhethekile. Ungabathola ngokuziqhenya ngokufanekiselwa lapha kubhamuza babo besayensi - https://www.realyourbrainonporn.com/experts (Nicole Prause, UMarty Klein, uLynn Comella, UDavid J. Ley, Emily F. Rothman, Samuel Perry, Taylor Kohut, William Fisher, Peter Finn, Janniko Georgiadis, Erick Janssen, Aleksandar Štulhofer, Joshua Grubbs, James Cantor, Michael Seto, Justin Lehmiller, Victoria Hartmann, Julia Velten, Roger Libby, Doug Braun -Harvey, uDavid Hersh, uJennifer Valli).

Labo ababhekele isiza esisha (njengoba kungaziwa, kepha okwamanje kubizwa ngokuthi "Ochwepheshe") bahlanganyela ukuphulwa kokuthengisa okungekho emthethweni of YourBrainOnPorn.com. Isiza esisha somkhohlisi sishintshe ngokushesha indawo yokuqala "yochwepheshe" ebizwa ngokuthi "Isayensi ye-Arousal, ”I-URL eqondisa kabusha izivakashi kusayithi lamanje lokukhohlisa. Isayithi elisha bese lizama ukukhohlisa izivakashi maphakathi nekhasi ngalinye zithi “Siyakwamukela ku-REAL Your Brain On Porn, " ngenkathi ithebhu imemezela ngamanga "I-Brain On Porn."

yingaboy

Ukukhangisa indawo yabo engekho emthethweni, "ochwepheshe" bakhe i-akhawunti ye-Twitter (https://twitter.com/BrainOnPorn), Isiteshi se-YouTube, ikhasi Facebook, futhi ishicilelwe a isitatimende sephephandaba. Emzameni oqhubekayo wokudida umphakathi, abezindaba bakhipha ngamanga bathi bavela edolobheni lasekhaya likaGary Wilson - e-Ashland, e-Oregon (ayikho neyodwa "Ochwepheshe" uhlala e-Oregon, ingasaphathwa eyase-Ashland). Zigwebele wena ukuthi ngabe abakwaDeniers baqhubekisela phambili izintshisekelo zemboni yezocansi noma iqiniso langempela lokusesha ngokufunda le qoqo lamaTweets we-RealYBOP. Kubhalwe kuDkt. Nicole Prause's isitayela esikhohlisayo esihlukile, i-tweets idumisa izinzuzo ze-porn, iveza kabi isimo samanje socwaningo, futhi abantu abathathu kanye nezinhlangano Prause uye wahlukumeza ngaphambilini.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, "ochwepheshe" bakha i-akhawunti yeReddit (umsebenzisi / sciencearousal) ku-spam porn recovery forum reddit / pornfree futhi i-reddit / i-NoFap nge umshayeli wokuphromotha, ukubiza ukusetshenziswa kwe-porn kuyingozi futhi ukuphazamisa YourBrainOnPorn.com noGary Wilson. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi iSayensi Denier Prause, owayengumfundi, unalo umlando omude oqoshiwe ngokusebenzisa ama-aliases amaningi okuthunyelwa kwizingqungquthela zokubuyiselwa kocansi. Amazwana kwisitayela sakhe sokubona kalula khuthaza izifundo zakhe, ukuhlaselwa umqondo wokulutha kabi kwezocansi, ukuhlukumeza iWilson & YBOP, ukunciphisa amadoda ekubuyiseleni, Futhi ukuhlonza abaphikisana nabangcolile. Kwesinye isibonelo sokumelela kabi isimo socwaningo, ngenkathi kukhuthazwa i-ajenda yomkhakha wezocansi, uSciencearousal ukwazisa i-ar / ilungu lezithombe ezingcolile ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-porno kulungile kubantu abangu-99%: yingaboy

Ngo-Ephreli 25th, i I-Sciencearousal igama lomsebenzisi wabonakala ku-Wikipedia, ukufaka izixhumanisi nokususa izinto ezisemthethweni mayelana nemiphumela yezithombe zocansi. (Ngo-Ephreli 17 esinye seziqeshana zeSciencearousal sazama okufanayo: SecondaryEd2020). Lawa ma-3 amakhasi aqoshiwe ngaphezu kwe-30-ama-puppets avela emthethweni of Nicole Prause (enye ye-Porn Science Deniers), wadala ukufaka inkulumo-ze yakhe kanye nokuhlambalaza abantu nezinhlangano:Ikhasi 1, Ikhasi 2, Ikhasi 3, Ikhasi 4, Ikhasi 5. (Imithetho yeWikipedia iyakwenqabela onodoli abancane, kepha izingqwembe ezibonisa amanyala zibukeka zingavikelekile emithethweni yazo.)

YBOP esemthethweni, le websiteIma ngomkhiqizo wayo, izinsiza kanye nezinsizakusebenza futhi ithatha izinyathelo zokubhekana nezenzo zokwephula umthetho nezingafanele zesayithi le- "Real Your Brain On Porn". NgoMeyi 1, 2019 abameli bomnikazi womthetho ojwayelekile wezimpawu zokuhweba ezithi “Your Brain On Born” kanye ne- “YourBrainOnPorn.com” (le webhusayithi) wathumela ukuyeka nokubhala incwadi eya kubo bonke ababonakala bengemva kwesayithi eliphula umthetho (i "Ochwepheshe"). Izibuyekezo ezimbalwa ezibalulekile:

Ekugcineni, i-Alliance isebenza ngokucacile njengeqoqo elihlanganisiwe

Njengoba sisempikiswaneni yezocansi kusukela ngaphambi kwe-2011, ngokuqinisekile asifisi ukuphoqa, futhi asesabi, imibono ephikisayo. Kodwa sicabanga ukuthi kufanelekile ukukhomba ukuthi amalungu amaningi alo mbuthano omusha we-Porn Science Deniers ayaziwa kakhulu ku-YBOP nakwezinye izinkolelo ze-porn. Abanye babo bangabalobi bezifundo zangaphandle kanye namaphuzu amaningi okukhulumisana emiphakathini angasesekelwa, athola indlela yawo i-biased (ibekwe?) izihloko zokusakaza ezijwayelekile.

Amanye amaDeniers njalo ukudukisa izintatheli, ozakwabo, kanye abahleli bezincwadi zezemfundo mayelana nokulinganisela kwangempela kocwaningo lwe-intanethi ye-intanethi. Vula social media futhi ngo wabeka izihloko bayakhuthaza iqoqo labo elincane ama-cherry-akhethiwe, amaphepha angaphandle, kanye / noma ukuphazamisekisa okushiwo yiqiniso yedatha yabo. Vakashela leli khasi ukuze ubone izimpendulo zenye inzalo yabo engabaza kakhulu.

Nakuba abaningi balabo abalahla beye bahlanganyela njalo emithonjeni yezenhlalakahle noma ezihlokweni ezifundiswayo noma ezithandwayo, ilungu ngalinye le-Alliance lize lahlulwa njengelungu lokuzimela elizimele futhi elingenabulungiswa kweqiniso nesayensi. Noma kunjalo, i-YBOP kanye nabanye abathandabuzayo bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile sebeyazi ukuthi amalungu aleli qembu elihlukumezayo laseDeniers alungiselela kakhulu futhi abuyele emaceleni, ephethe izintatheli, ekwabelana ngamaphoyinti okukhuluma, e-imeyli endikimbeni ebusayo, futhi enethonya nokubuyekezwa kontanga ngezindlela ezingathandeki (lezi Amakhasi we-2 anikeza imibhalo ejulile yalezi zici zokuziphatha: ikhasi 1, ikhasi 2).

AmaDeniers amabili anezwi futhi aziwa kakhulu, uNicole Prause noDavid Ley, bazibandakanye ekuhlambalazeni okweqile nokufihla, ukuhlukumeza kanye ne-cyberstalking, amaqembu abhekiswe kubantu kanye nabantu abakholwayo, ngokuya ngobufakazi obuyinhloso, ukuthi i-porn yanamuhla ingadala izinkinga ezinkulu kwabanye abasebenzisi. Zimbalwa izinhloso zabo abazi ngomlando omude kaPrause noLey wokungaziphathi kahle nokuphazamisa ukuphazamiseka. Amakhasi alandelayo abhala izinkulungwane zezehlakalo eminyakeni eminingana:

Kubukeka sengathi uPrause ubamba iqhaza elibalulekile kwiwebhusayithi ye-Alliance ekhethiwe kanye nama-akhawunti ahlobene nabezindaba zenhlalo, njengo:

  1.  Okucuketfwe, ukucwaninga, nokwabiwa kwesayithi elingekho emthethweni kanye nesibuko se-tweets Isikhathi esidlule se-Prause izingcezu zenkulumo-ze futhi okuthunyelwe kwezokuxhumana. Kwenzeka inqaba, PornHub waba ngowokuqala retweet sasekhaya tweet akhawunti entsha Twitter, nakuba i-akhawunti entsha Twitter babengenalo abalandeli okwamanje. akazange PornHub ukwazi kanjani buqala?
  2. Ukukhululwa kwe-press, indawo kanye nama-akhawunti wezokuxhumana nabantu ahlobene noGary Wilson (ngokweqile noma ngokufihlakele), no-Prause kuye kwaba ukuhlukumeza ngokweqile i-Wilson iminyaka engaphezu kwe-7.
  3. Lokhu kubonakala sengathi ngu-Pumzamo wesibili we-ruse ekwakheni iwebhusayithi eqhutshwa yi-ajenda. Ku-2016, kubonakala sengathi iPrause yakha igama lomsebenzisi elibizwa nge- "PornHelps," elaline-akhawunti yalo ye-Twitter (@pornhelps) kanye newebhusayithi (eneforum engekho owake wasebenzisa) ukukhuthaza imboni yezocansi kanye nezifundo zangaphandle ezibika imiphumela "emihle" wezocansi. "I-PornHelps" ibheja njalo abantu abafanayo kanye nezinhlangano i-Prause nazo ezihlasela kaningi. Eqinisweni, uPrause kwesinye isikhathi angahlangana nama-alias akhe abonakalayo athi "I-PornHelps" ukuhlasela abantu abaku-Twitter nakwezinye izindawo ngokulandelana. Ngemibhalo, bheka Ingabe uNicole Prause "Uyazijabulisa"? (PornHelps iwebhusayithi, @pornhelps ku-Twitter, ukuphawula ngaphansi kwezihloko). Wonke ama-akhawunti asusiwe kanye uma u-Prause ekhishwe njenge- "PornHelps."

Ochwepheshe be-RealYBOP banxeshezelwa yimboni yezocansi i-xHamster enkulu ukukhuthaza amawebhusayithi ayo futhi iqinisekise abasebenzisi ukuthi ukulutha kabi kocansi nokulutha ngokocansi kuyizinsumansumane

Kusukela ngoJulayi, 2019 ezintathu ezaziwa kangcono Ochwepheshe beRealBBOP”Basebenzisana ngokusobala nomkhakha wezocansi: UDavid Ley, Justin Lehmiller noChris Donaghue. Zonke ezintathu ziku- ibhodi yokululeka womntwana osemusha I-Alliance Health Alliance (SHA). Ngokushayisana kwezimali okusobala kwezintshisekelo, uDavid Ley kanye ne-SHA ukunxeshezelwa imboni ye-porn xHamster enkulu ukukhuthaza amawebhusayithi ayo (ie StripChat) kanye nokwenza abasebenzisi bakholwe ukuthi umlutha we-porn kanye nokulutha ngobulili kuyizinganekwane! Bona "I-Stripchat ihlangana ne-Health Health Alliance ukushaya ubuchopho bakho obukhathazekile be-porn-centric. "

Kohambo lwamantombazane lwe-xHamster / SHA U-Ley uzotshela amakhasimende we-xHamster okushiwo "izifundo zobudokotela ngempela nge-porn, camming kanye nobulili":

Ngabe uLey uzotshela amakhasimende we-xHamster ukuthi lonke ucwaningo olwake lwashicilelwa kwabesilisa (nge-65) Xhumanisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-porn okungaphezulu nokweneliseka okuncane kocansi nobuhlobo? Ngabe uLey uzobatshela ukuthi konke Izifundo ze-55 zezinzwa kubasebenzisi be-porn / imilutha yezocansi ibika ukuguqulwa kobuchopho obonwa kumilutha yezidakamizwa? Ngabe uzokwazisa izithameli zakhe ukuthi i-50% yabasebenzisi be-porn bika ukwanda kokutholakala kwangaphambilini abakakuthandi noma okunyanyekayo? Ngandlela-thile ngiyangabaza.

Ku-tweet yabo yokuphromotha sithenjiswa isazi sochwepheshe bobuchopho be-SHA ukuzodambisa "ukukhathazeka nge-porn" kanye "namahloni" (uLey kanye nabanye ochwepheshe be-SHA abaseminyakeni elula nokuba ochwepheshe bengqondo).

The i-akhawunti esemthethweni ye-StripChat ye-Twitter iveza isizathu sangempela sokukhokha "ochwepheshe" be-SHA: ukunqanda izinkathazo zabo ukuvimbela ukulahleka kwamakhasimende akhokhelayo. I-SHA izokukwenza lokhu “ngokukhuluma ngocwaningo lwakamuva lwezocansi, ukukhonkotha nokulutha,” okuwukuthi, ukukhetha umsebenzi owenziwe ngabacwaningi “babo”. Muhle uLey / SHA yisho ukuthi amakhulukhulu ocwaningo axhumanisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-porn nemiphumela emibi emibi?

In lesi sihloko, ULey uxosha ukunyuselwa kwakhe okuyinkimbinkimbi komkhakha we-porn:

Kuyavunywa, ochwepheshe bezempilo yezocansi ababambisana ngqo nezinkundla zokuxhumana zezocansi babhekana nezinkinga ezithile, ikakhulukazi kulabo abangathanda ukuzethula njengabangacwaswa ngokuphelele. "Ngilindele ngokuphelele ukuthi ukuthi [bonke abamelene nama-porn] bakhale bonke, 'Bhekani, bhekani, uDavid Ley usebenzela i-porn,' 'kusho uLey, Igama libizwa kaningi ngenhlamba emiphakathini elwa nokushaya indlwabu njengeNoFap.

Kodwa noma ngabe umsebenzi wakhe neStripchat ngokungangabazeki uyohlinzeka ngokudla kunoma ngubani othanda ukumbhalela njengonothile noma ephaketheni lephephelo lezithombe ezingcolile, likaLey, lokho kufeza kufanelekile. “Uma sifuna ukusiza [abathengi be-porn abakhathazekile], kufanele siye kubo,” kusho yena. "Nansi indlela esenza ngayo lokho."

Ukubandlulula? UDavid Ley, uJustin Lehmiller noChris Donaghue basikhumbuza odokotela ababhemayo abadumile, kanye ne-Health Health Alliance isikhumbuza Isikhungo Sogwayi.

Bathola ukukhangiswa okuningi, kodwa i-Porn Science Deniers Alliance imelela encane, noma yizwi elilodwa, eliyingcosana elinobuso obukhulu kakhulu

Ochwepheshe be-RealYBOP: UNicole Prause, uMarty Klein, uLynn Comella, uDavid J. Ley, u-Emily F. Rothman, uSamuel Perry, u-Taylor Kohut, uWilliam Fisher, uPeter Finn, uJanniko Georgiadis, u-Erick Janssen, u-Aleksandar Štulhofer, uJoshua Grubbs, uJames Cantor, noMichael Seto, UJustin Lehmiller, uVictoria Hartmann, uJulia Velten, uRoger Libby, uDoug Braun-Harvey, uDavid Hersh, noJennifer Valli.

Ngaphandle kokukhangiswa, leli qembu labacwaningi bezocansi kanye ne-chums yabo (nomsebenzi wabo) ayimele ukumiswa kobufakazi obufanele, noma imibono yokuphazamiseka kwabaphenyi abenza ucwaningo ngemiphumela ye-porn yanamuhla. Eqinisweni, amanye amalungu e-Porn Science Deniers Alliance njalo ukuphika ukuphazamiseka kobufakazi; itjhukumisa ngokujulile i-ajenda yabo.

Uma sekuhlolisiswa, cishe uhhafu “wochwepheshe” abangama-25 abaphakathi kwe-Alliance ngabantu abangafundile njengoba bengaqashiwe yiyunivesithi. Okubaluleke kakhulu, akekho noyedwa "ochwepheshe" abalwe ohlwini owake washicilela isifundo sezinzwa eqenjini lezihloko eziluthwa yizocansi (Ukucindezeleka kokuziphatha ngokocansi izihloko).

(Ungahle ucabange, "Ima ... uNicole Prause akashicilelanga yini isifundo sobuchopho eqenjini lezihloko ezikhonjwe ngokusobala njengeziyimilutha yezocansi, noma abesilisa ocansini, noma okufana nalokho?" imfihlo egcinwe kahle, kodwa cha, akazange.)

Zibuze: kungani abacwaningi ababhalisa lezi zifundo ze-45 zezinkanyezi kubasebenzisi be-porn kanye nezihloko ze-CSBD ulahlekile kulolu hlu "locwaningo"?

I-Porn Science Deniers Alliance ayiphumelelanga ne-manual yezokwelapha esebenzisa kabanzi kakhulu yezokwelapha, I-International Classification of Diseases (I-ICD-11)

Amalungu amaDeniers kuvame ukuhlukumeza ukuxilongwa okusha kwi-ICD-11 ye-WHO, efanelekile ukuxilonga lokho abantu abaningi abakubiza ngokuthi "ukulutha kwezocansi." Zifundele:

I-ICD-11 ososayensi babekwe ngeso lengqondo Ukucindezeleka Ngokuziphatha Kwezifiso zobulili (CSBD) esigabeni esithi Impulse Control Disorder, kodwa lokho akukhona ngoba bazimisele ukuthi akuyona i imilutha, njengoba iningi lamalungu e-Alliance belizokholwa. Eqinisweni, i-ICD-11 ibingakavumelani phakathi kwabo (ngenxa ye- ezombusazwe kule nsimu ephihliwe), ngakho balindele ubufakazi obuningi ngaphambi kokuba banqume ngokuhlukaniswa kokugcina. Ngokomkhulumeli wabo, Christian Lindmeier, i-ICD-11 ithathe cha isikhundla sokulutha. "I-ICD-11] ayisebenzisi leli gama ukubheja ngokocansi ngoba asiyithathi isikhundla sokuthi kuyingozi yini ukuguqula umzimba noma cha. "

Ngakho-ke ochwepheshe be-ICD-11 baphonsa lolu daba esikhathini esizayo kwabanye ukuze babhekane nokucwaninga okwedlulele. Kodwa okungenani baqaphela ngokusemthethweni a ukuxilongwa ngenkinga okwamanje. Lokhu kuzovimbela omagazini bezemfundo ukuthi baqhubeke nokwenqaba izindatshana ezikhuluma ngemiphumela yezocansi "ngoba akukho siphazamiso esikhona."

Abafundi kufanele futhi ukwazi ukuthi "Impulse Control Kwemikhuba" kuyinto esigabeni lapho ochwepheshe zokuxilonga kanye tentatively ibekwe UkuGembula Disorder kuze kube yilapho ubufakazi obunzima beqeda impikiswano (nokuqeda ukuphikiswa), ngakho-ke kungahlukaniswa njengesiyaluyalu somlutha. Incwadi yokuhlola ye-DSM-5 yayiyincwadi yokuqala yokuxilonga thola kabusha i-Gambling Disorder kwisigaba sayo somlutha wokulutha. I-ICD-11 entsha ibeka ngokujwayelekile i-Gambling Disorder njengoba kokubili an I-Impulse Control Disorder futhi a I-Disorder Ngenxa Yokuziphatha Okuluthayo, ngokuvuma ukuthi izidakamizwa kanye nezimo zokulawula ukucindezeleka ziyaqhubeka kanjani. Ingabe ikusasa elifanayo lilindele i-CSBD?

Futhi phawula ukuthi ososayensi abahlukahlukene abakhonza ekomidini le-ICD-11 esasinika i-CSBD baye babhala izincwadi zezintatheli ezicacisa ukuthi bakholelwa ukuthi kukhona ubufakazi obanele kakade ukuphinde uphinde uhlukanise ngezigaba (noma ngesikhathi esifanayo) Ukucindezela Ukuhlukunyezwa Ngokobulili Ngokucindezelayo njengengxabano yomlutha, ngoba, kulaba bachwepheshe, kubonakala Okuningi efana ukuluthwa-kunokuqeda inkinga inkinga ungacabanganga control. Kulesi vein, nazi ezinye emhlabeni abacwaningi abakhulu be-CSBD / umlutha wezocansi ukubhala iphephabhuku elibuyekezwe kontanga:

Ngesinye isikhathi, cishe konke ucwaningo lwamuva ku-CSBD kubasebenzisi be-porn be-intanethi. Lokhu yona kanye ucwaningo okuholela ososayensi abahola phambili emhlabeni abasebenza ekomidini le-CSBD le-ICD-11 ukufaka ukuxilongwa kwe-CSBD kumanuwali entsha yokuxilonga. Empeleni, ezingaphezu kuka 80% kubo bonke abafuna ukwelashwa kwe-CSBD babika ukusetshenziswa kwe-inthanethi okunenkinga nge-inthanethi. Kungaba wubuwula kunoma ngubani we-Deniers ukusikisela ukuthi i-CSBD ayihloselwe ukuxilonga labo "abanomlutha wezocansi." Kepha abanye benza.

Qaphela i-Porn Science Deniers Alliance. Zibuze, “Ngabe lo mfelandawonye ukhona thonya umbono womphakathi futhi "Ngokusemthethweni" umbono we-pro-porn? ” Uma i-Big Porn (yenza izigidi ngemali engenayo yesikhangiso kusuka kumithwalo yamakhasi ezivakashi) neBig Pharma (ukumaketha izidakamizwa ezithuthukisa ngokocansi ezigidini zezinsizwa okokuqala emlandweni) hhayi ukuzama ukuthonya imibono yawo wonke umuntu kwi-inthanethi yanamuhla ye-porn ukuvikela inzuzo yabo… kungenzeka ukuthi yibona kuphela izimboni zezigidigidi zamadola azikho usebenzisa amaqhinga anjalo.

Amaphepha ahlanganisiwe we-Alliance, amaphepha avame ukungahambisani nawo awameleli phambili kocwaningo

Ungumaphephandaba? Balekela ibhulogi yesayensi ye-Porn Science Deniers Alliance, futhi ufune ukufakelwa kwabalobi bala maphepha amaningi kunalokho. Qaphela: Ngokungafani ne-Alliance, i-YBOP inikeza izingcaphuno ezifanele esifundweni ngasinye esisohlwini. Uhlu lwe-Alliance lunikeza kuphela ukutolika kwabo okucheme, kuvame ukushiya imininingwane ebalulekile noma okutholakele.

1) Umlutha wezocansi / ucansi? Leli khasi libala Ucwaningo lwe-55 lwe-neuroscience (I-MRI, i-FMRI, i-EEG, i-neuropsychological, i-hormonal). Banikeza ukusekela okuqinile ngesimodeli sokulutha kwezidakamizwa njengoba iziphumo zabo zibuyisa ukutholakala kwezinzwa ezibikiwe ezifundweni zokulutha izidakamizwa. Ukubheka iphuzu lokukhuluma elingasekelwa ukuthi "isifiso sobulili esiphakeme" sichaza ukulahla ucansi noma ukulutha ngokobulili: Izifundo ezingaphezu kwe-25 zikhohlisa isimangalo sokuthi ubulili nemilutha yezocansi "banesifiso sobulili esiphakeme kuphela"

yingaboy

I-2) Imibono yangempela yezobuchwepheshe mayelana nokulutha kocansi / ucansi? Lolu hlu luqukethe Ukubuyekezwa kwezincwadi zamuva ze-30 namazwana ngezinye zezazi eziphezulu zezinzwa emhlabeni. Bonke basekela imodeli yokulutha.

I-3) Izimpawu zokulutha umlutha nokukhula kwezinto ezimbi kakhulu? Izifundo ezingaphezu kwe-60 ezibika okutholakele zihambisana nokukhula kokusetshenziswa kocansi (ukubekezela), ukujwayela izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, ngisho nezimpawu zokuhoxiswa (zonke izimpawu nezimpawu ezihlobene nokulutha).

I-4) Izinkinga zobulili nezinkinga zobulili? Lolu hlu luqukethe izifundo ezingaphezu kwe-40 ezixhumanisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-porn / ukubheja kocansi ezinkingeni zobulili nokuvusa okuncane ezenzweni zobulili. The Ucwaningo lokuqala lwe-7 ohlwini lubonisa ibangela, njengoba abahlanganyeli beqede ukusetshenziswa kwezingcolile kanye nokuphulukisa okungavamile kocansi.

I-5) Imiphumela ye-Porn ebuhlotsheni? Izixhumanisi ezingaphezu kwe-80 zixhumanisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-porn kuya ekungeneni kocansi nokuzaneliseka komndeni. Njengoba sisazi konke Izifundo ezibandakanya abesilisa ziye zabika ukusetshenziswa okuningi kocansi okuxhunyiwe abampofu ukwaneliseka ngokobulili noma ngokobudlelwano.

I-6) Ukusebenzisa i-Porn kuthinta impilo engokomzwelo nengqondo? Izifundo ezingaphezu kwe-85 zixhumanisa ukusetshenziswa kocansi nezimpofu ezingokwengqondo-ezingokomzwelo nemiphumela empofu yokuqonda. Akuzona zonke izifundo ezihambisanayo? Nope: ngaphezu kwezifundo ezingama-75 eziphakamisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-inthanethi nokusetshenziswa kocansi kubangela imiphumela emibi nezimpawu, nezinguquko zobuchopho.

I-7) Ukusebenzisa i-Porn kuthinta izinkolelo, isimo sengqondo nokuziphatha? Hlola lezi zifundo - phezu kwe-40 ukuxhunywa kobulili ekusetshenzisweni "kokungalingani okungalingani" kubesifazane kanye nokubukwa kobulili - noma isifinyezo sezinguquko ze-135 kusukela kulolu cwaningo lwe-2016: Imidiya nezocansi: Umbuso woPhando lwezobuciko, i-1995-2015. Umbhalo:

Umgomo walokhu kubuyekezwa kwakungenxa yokwenza umsebenzi wokuhlola uphenyo wemiphumela yokuhlolisisa imidiya. Okugxile ekucwaningweni okushicilelwe ezincwadini zamaphephandaba ezibukezwa kontanga, phakathi kwe-1995 ne-2015. Isamba sezincwadi ze-109 eziqukethe izifundo ze-135 zibuyekezwe. Ukutholakala kwahlinzeka ngokufakazela okuphelele ukuthi kokubili ukuvezwa kwelabhoratri kanye nokwehliswa kwansuku zonke, okuqukethwe kwansuku zonke kulokhu okuqukethwe kuhambisana ngqo nemiphumela eminingi, kufaka phakathi amazinga aphezulu okunganeliseki komzimba, ukuzethemba okukhulu, ukwesekwa okukhulu kwezinkolelo zobulili kanye nezinkolelo zobulili ezingathandeki, futhi ukubekezelela okukhulu kobudlova ngokocansi kubesifazane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvezwa kokuhlolwa kwalokhu okuqukethwe kuholela kokubili abesifazane nabesilisa ukuba babe nombono owehlisiwe wokufaneleka kwamakhosikazi, ukuziphatha nokubambisana kwabantu.

I-8) Kuthiwani ngokuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili nokusetshenziswa kocansi? Okunye ukuhlaziywa kwemeta: Ukuhlaziywa Kwemifanekiso Yezingcolile zobulili kanye Nemisebenzi Yezenzo Zokuhlukunyezwa Ngokobulili Ezingxoxweni Ezivamile Zabantu (2015). Umbhalo:

Ucwaningo lwe-22 oluvela emazweni ahlukene we-7 luhlaziywe. Ukusetshenziswa kwakuhlotshaniswa nokuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili e-United States nakwamanye amazwe, phakathi kwamadoda nabesilisa, nasemifundweni engezansi kanye neyesikhathi eside. Izinhlangano zaziqinisile kunomlomo ngaphezu kokuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili, nakuba zombili zazibalulekile. Iphethini elijwayelekile lemiphumela lisikisela ukuthi okuqukethwe okubudlova kungase kube yinto ekhudlwana.

"Kodwa isenzo sokudlwengula asizange sisebenzise izinga lokudlwengula?" Cha, izinga lokudlwengula liye landa eminyakeni yamuva: "Izinga lokudlwengula liyakhula, ngakho-ke ungayinaki inkulumo ye-porn-pro. "

9) Kuthiwani ngokusetshenziswa kocansi nentsha? Bheka lolu hlu lwe ngaphezulu kwezinguquko ze-280 kwentsha, noma lezi zibuyekezo zezincwadi: ukubuyekeza # 1, buyekeza2, ukubuyekeza # 3, ukubuyekeza # 4, ukubuyekeza # 5, ukubuyekeza # 6, ukubuyekeza # 7, ukubuyekeza # 8, ukubuyekeza # 9, ukubuyekeza # 10, ukubuyekeza # 11, ukubuyekeza # 12, ukubuyekeza # 13, ukubuyekeza # 14, ukubuyekeza # 15. Kusukela ekuphethweni kwalesi sibuyekezo se-2012 socwaningo - Umthelela Wezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Ze-Intanethi Kubantwana Abasha: Ukubukezwa kocwaningo:

Ukwandiswa kwe-intanethi yizingane ezisencane kudala amathuba angakaze abe khona okufundiswa ngokocansi, ukufunda nokukhula. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingozi yokulimala ebonakalayo kulezi zincwadi iye yaholela abacwaningi ukuba baphenye ukuvezwa kwentsha ezithombeni ezingcolile ezenzweni zokuzama ukuhlukanisa lobu buhlobo. Ngokuhlangene, lezi zifundo ziphakamisa ukuthi intsha edla izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ingahlakulela izindinganiso nezinkolelo ezingezona ezingokoqobo zocansi. Phakathi kokutholakele, amazinga aphakeme okuziphatha okuyekelelayo kwezocansi, ukukhathazeka ngokweqile ngokocansi, kanye nokuhlolwa kokuqala kwezocansi kuhlobene nokusetshenziswa kaningi kwezithombe zocansi…. Noma kunjalo, sekutholakele okuqhubekayo okuxhumanisa ukusetshenziswa kwentsha kwezithombe zocansi ezibonisa ubudlova ngamazinga akhulayo okuziphatha ngokocansi.

Izincwadi zikhombisa ukuhlangana okuthile phakathi kokusebenzisa kwentsha kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nokuzazi. Amantombazane abika ukuthi azizwa ephansi ngokomzimba abesifazane abababheka ezintweni ezibonakalayo zobulili, kanti abafana besaba ukuthi kungenzeka bangabi yigciwane noma bakwazi ukwenza njengamadoda kule mithombo yezindaba. Intsha futhi ibika ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwazo kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kwehlile njengoba ukuzethemba kwabo nentuthuko yezenhlalo ikhula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo libonisa ukuthi intsha esebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, ikakhulukazi ezitholakala kwi-Intanethi, inamazinga aphansi wokuhlangana komphakathi, inyuka ezinkingeni zokuziphatha, amazinga aphakeme okuziphatha okukhohlisayo, izehlakalo eziphakeme zezimpawu ezicindezelayo, futhi inciphise ukubopha okungokomzwelo nabanakekeli.

Ukubuka konke kwe-Alliance's cherry-ekhethwe, imvamisa yamamatheke

Ukuhlolisiswa koluhlu lwezifundo ze-Alliance kuveza ukukhetha ama-cherry, ukuchema, ukweqiwa okukhohlisayo, nokukhohlisa.Ukukhethwa kwe-cherry realyourbrainonporn

Okokuqala, isigamu samaphepha abhalwe phansi abhalwe yiDeniers. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izifundo ze-Deniers ngokuthandwa nguPrause, uKohut, Fisher noma u-Štulhofer akaze abonakale ethola imiphumela emibi ekusetshenzisweni kocansi (empeleni, imiphumela emibi ingahle ihlulwe kusuka kudatha yabo, njengoba sizobona ngezansi). Lezi zifundo ze-Deniers azihambelani nokuhamba phambili kocwaningo emkhakheni. Isibonelo, ekaTaylor Kohut Ucwaningo lwe-2017 olungavumelani ebuhlotsheni nokusetshenziswa kwe-porn bathi bathola imiphumela emibi embalwa. Iphepha elenziwe ngobuqili likaKohut liphikisana nazo zonke ezinye izifundo ezake zashicilelwa kwabesilisa: izifundo ezingaphezu kuka-70 ukuxhumanisa ukusetshenziswa porn ngaphansi ngokobulili & ubuhlobo ukwaneliseka, nazo zonke izifundo ezibandakanya abesilisa ababika ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okuningi kocansi kuxhumene nayo abampofu ukwaneliseka ngokobulili noma ngokobudlelwano.

Okwesibili, uhlu alugcini nje ngokufakazela ubufakazi obuningi, kepha nomsebenzi wazo zonke izifundiswa zezokwelapha eziye zashicilela izifundo zabasebenzisi be-porn noma izifundo ze-CSBD. Lapha kubalwa uMarc Potenza, uMatthias Brand, uValerie Voon, uChristian Laier, uSimone Kühn, uJürgen Gallinat, uRudolf Stark, uTim Klucken, uJi-Woo Seok, uJin-Hun Sohn, uMateusz Gola nabanye abaningi. Njengesibonelo esisodwa, kungani izifundo zikaMatthias Brand zikhishiwe ohlwini lwe-Alliance? UBrand ubhalile Ucwaningo lwe-310, ikhona inhloko yoMnyango Wezokwelapha: Ukuqonda, eNyuvesi yaseDuisburg-Essen, iqondisa ibhabhu nabacwaningi abangaphezu kwe-20, futhi ishicilele izifundo eziningi ezisekelwe ku-neuroscience ezisebenzisayo abasebenzisi / izilutha ezingcolile kunanoma yimuphi omunye umcwaningi emhlabeni. (Bheka uhlu lwakhe lwezifundo zakhe zokulutha izidakamizwa lapha: Izifundo ze-20 zezinkanyezi nezibuyekezo ze-5 zezincwadi.)

Okwesithathu, amaphepha amaningi adalwe yi-Alliance angamazwi nje, hhayi izifundo zangempela. Khuluma nge-citation inflation! (Qaphela: Ngokuphikisana nezimangalo ezisendaweni ye-Alliance, lokhu iwebhusayithi hhayi kuphela uhlu, kodwa ngokuvamile ihlanganisa ukucabangela okucatshangayo, okwenziwe ucwaningo.)

Okwesine, uhlu aluqukethe ukubuyekezwa kwezincwadi kanye nokuhlaziywa kwe-meta eyodwa kuphela, okuzibophezela ekucwaningweni kwe-21 ehlola ukusetshenziswa kocansi kwabantu abakhulu abenza ucansi: "Ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nobuhlobo phakathi kwezithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile kanye nobulili obuhlukumeza abesilisa: Ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile.”Ngenkathi lokhu kuhlaziywa kwemeta kuphetha ukusetshenziswa kocansi akuhlobene nokuhlukumeza ngokocansi kwabantu abadala kunesizathu esihle sokubuza ukutholakele. Isibonelo, ababhali babuyisa izifundo ze-189, kepha bafaka kuphela i-21 ekubuyekezweni kwabo. Kalula nje, izifundo eziningi ezinemiphumela ephikisayo abakhishwe ngaphandle.

Ukungabi bikho kokubuyekezwa kwezincwadi kanye nokuhlaziywa kwe-meta kuhlu lwe-Alliance kuyindlela efile yokuthi izifundo ze-Alliance ezikhethe kuqala (imvamisa ezazo). Ngenkathi imikhakha eminingi yocwaningo lwe-Alliance ingazinikeli ekubuyekezweni kwezincwadi noma ekuhlaziyweni kwe-meta, abambalwa bangahle bathi: "Uthando Nokusondelana" noma "Intsha." Kungani unganiki umfundi esinye sezibuyekezo zezincwadi ezithombeni ezingcolile kanye nokuthi “Intsha” (intsha), njenge: ukubuyekeza # 1, buyekeza2, ukubuyekeza # 3, ukubuyekeza # 4, ukubuyekeza # 5, ukubuyekeza # 6, ukubuyekeza # 7, ukubuyekeza # 8, ukubuyekeza # 9, ukubuyekeza # 10, ukubuyekeza # 11, ukubuyekeza # 12? Kungani isigaba se- “Love & Intimacy” se-Alliance singanikeli ngokubuyekezwa kwezincwadi ezithombeni ezingcolile kanye nokwaneliseka kwezocansi noma kobudlelwano, okufana noku: ukubuyekeza # 1, ukubuyekeza # 2, ukubuyekeza # 3? Ingabe kungenxa yokuthi lezi zibuyekezo azihambelani ne-ajenda ye-Alliance?

Fifth, futhi okutshela kakhulu, uhlu lwe-Alliance alufaki cishe zonke izifundo ezixhumanisa ukusetshenziswa kocansi nemiphumela emibi (equkethe iningi lezifundo zocansi). Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulezi zifundo ezimbalwa zezinhlangano ze-Alliance zidwebe lokho wenza ibike imiphumela engemihle, i-Alliance ishiya lokho okutholakele encazelweni yabo. Ngokusebenzisa uhlu lwezifundo ezifanele ze-YBOP singabona kalula ukukhohlisa kwabo: yingaboy

  1.  I-Alliance ushiye konke Ucwaningo lwe-55 lwezinzwa kwabasebenzisi be-porn kanye nezihloko ze-CSB, ngaphandle kwa Prause et al., 2015 (abazitsheli abafundi nge Ama-10 amaphepha abuyekezwe ngabangani athi isifundo se-Prause sika-EEG sisekela imodeli yokulutha).
  2.  I-Alliance ushiye konke kodwa amabili of the over Ucwaningo lwe-80 oluxhumanisa ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ukuze kube nokwaneliseka okungathí sansi ngokobulili nokuzwana. I-Alliance idukise umfundi kulezo zifundo ezi-2 (nezinye esigabeni "sothando"): njengoba zombili lezi zixhumanisi zisebenzisa ukusetshenziswa kocansi ukwaneliseka kobudlelwano noma ukungathembeki okuningi: funda i-1, funda i-2.
  3.  I-Alliance ushiye konke Ukubuyekezwa kwezincwadi ezingama-30 zakamuva ze-neuroscience & imibono, eyabhalwa ezinye zezinzwa eziphezulu zezinzwa emhlabeni. Wonke amaphepha we-25 asekela imodeli yokulutha.
  4.  I-Alliance washiya zonke izifundo kulolu hlu phezu kwezinguquko ze-40 ezixhumanisa ukusetshenziswa kocansi ukuze "isimo sengqondo sokungalingani" kubesifazane kanye nokubukwa kobulili. Bashiye lokhu kuhlaziywa kwe-meta kwe-2016 kwezifundo ze-135 ezihlola imiphumela yokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi nezocansi ezinkolelweni, ezimweni zengqondo nasekuziphatheni: Imidiya nezocansi: Umbuso woPhando lwezobuciko, i-1995-2015.
  5. I-Alliance ushiye konke kodwa amabili yamaphepha kulolu hlu lwa phezu kwezinguquko ze-60 zokubika okuhambisana nokukhula kwesisindo se-porn (ukubekezelelana), ukujwayela izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, ngisho nezimpawu zokuhoxisa (zonke izimpawu nezimpawu ezihlobene nokulutha). Lezi zifundo ezimbili zenziwa nguDeniers Nicole Prause no-Alexander Štulhofer, abalobi ababhala ngokucophelela abadukisa umfundi: funda i-1 (Prause et al., 2015 - futhi); funda i-2 ngu-Štulhofer.
  6. I-Alliance ushiye konke kodwa amathathu yamaphepha kulolu hlu lwa phezu kwezinguquko ze-40 ezixhumanisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-porn / ukubheja kocansi ezinkingeni zobulili kanye nokuvusa okuncane ezenzweni zobulili. Akumangalisi ukuthi izifundo ze-3 zenziwa nguDeniers Alexander Štulhofer, uJoshua Grubbs noJames Cantor. Esikhathini esicacile sokuthi uDeniers azikhohlisi izifundo zabo siqu, wonke amaphepha e-3 abike izixhumanisi phakathi kwezinkinga zocansi nokusetshenziswa kocansi noma ukulutha kocansi: funda i-1 ngu-Štulhofer; funda i-2 yi-Grubbs; funda i-3 ngu-Cantor.
  7. I-Alliance ushiye konke kodwa amabili we Ucwaningo lwe-27 oluphikisana nalokho okukhulunywa ngakho ukuthi ubulili kanye nezilonda zocansi "banesifiso esiphakeme sobulili" (amaphepha amabili afanayo ahlukumeziwe ohlwini lwangaphambilini: ukutadisha ngu-Štulhofer; ukutadisha nguJames Cantor).
  8. I-Alliance washiya wonke amaphepha kulolu hlu lwa phezu kwezinguquko ze-85 ezixhumanisa ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe ezingcolile ezimpilweni ezingenangqondo ezingokomzwelo-ngokomzwelo kanye nemiphumela engqondweni empofu.
  9. I-Alliance kushiyiwe konke ngaphandle kwe-3 yezifundo ze-280 kulolu hlu olubanzi lwe amaphepha abuyekezwe ngontanga ahlola umphumela wezithombe ezingcolile ezinganeni. (I-Denier's Alliance ishiye kahle ukubuyekezwa kwezincwadi ezishicilelwe kwabasakhulayo nokusetshenziswa kocansi: ukubuyekeza # 1, buyekeza2, ukubuyekeza # 3, ukubuyekeza # 4, ukubuyekeza # 5, ukubuyekeza # 6, ukubuyekeza # 7, ukubuyekeza # 8, ukubuyekeza # 9, ukubuyekeza # 10, ukubuyekeza # 11, ukubuyekeza # 12, ukubuyekeza # 13, ukubuyekeza # 14, ukubuyekeza # 15.)

Cishe wonke amaphepha e-Alliance abhekiswe ezingxenyeni ezithile zangaphambilini zezindatshana ezedlule zePrause

Silapha ngaphambili, kanjalo noNicole Prause. Iningi lamaphepha acashunwe yi-Alliance abekade eqanjwa amagama, futhi aphothwa, ezincekwini zenkulumo-ze ezibhalwe uPrause phambilini: izincwadi ezimbili eziya kumhleli, kanye ne-athikili ebhalwe ngokubambisana namanye amaDeniers amabili (Taylor Kohut noMarty Klein). I-YBOP iveze wonke amaphepha akhethwe nge-cherry uPrause acashuniwe, ngenkathi kwenziwa iphutha ngezimangalo ezingasekelwa zabalobi, kulezi zihlaziyo ezintathu ezibanzi:i-realyourbrainonporn ibikhona ikwenzile lokho

Uma ungafuni ukuzihlupha ngesigaba esiseduze esizayo, bona ukudilizwa kwe-YBOP kwePrause / Klein / Kohut ngoJulayi 30, 2018 Slate isihloko: Kungani Sikhathazeke Ngokukhathazeka Ngokubuka Izithombe Ezingcolile?? Kulula ukugaya njengoba ama-Deniers ama-3 ayibhalile azibopha kahle wonke amaphuzu abo ajwayelekile okukhuluma kanye nezifundo ezikhethiwe ezikhethwe yicherry abazisho njalo kuleyo ndatshana.

U-Nicole Prause uthinta enye yezincwadi zakhe kumhleli ngokuthi "debunking" ukukhona komlutha wezocansi nokulutha kocansi ("Ukucindezeleka kokuziphatha ngokobulili" esikhathini esizayo I-ICD-11): "Idatha ayisekeli ubulili njengomlutha."Noma kunjalo incwadi yakhe ayikho into. Le ngxenye yombono we-240 (Prause et al., 2017) icaphuna izifundo zero ukusekela izimangalo zayo, inikeze kuphela umusho owodwa, ophikiswa kalula njengowukuphela "kobufakazi" bawo obuphikisana nemodeli yokulutha. Le ncwadi, ngokusobala yenziwe nguMdumisi isayinwe ngabaphikisi abane be-porn-science (u-Erick Janssen, uJanniko Georgiadis, uPeter Finn noJames Pfaus), abathathu babo ababalwe njengo "Ochwepheshe" kuwebhusayithi entsha, futhi bekuyimpendulo kwenye incwadi emfushane: Ingabe ukuziphatha ngokweqile ngokobulili kuyinkinga yokulutha? (Potenza et. al., 2017), ebhalwe nguMarc Potenza, Mateusz Gola, Valerie Voon, Ariel Kor noShane Kraus. Amaphuzu okukhuluma ase-Deniers asele nezimangalo ezingasekelwa zikhishwe ekuhlaziyweni kwe-YBOP: Ukuhlaziywa kwe "Idatha ayisekeli ubulili njengomlutha" (Prause et al., 2017).

Awungeke uqambe amanga imodeli uma ungakwazi ukuqamba imodeli

Uhlu lwe-Alliance lwezifundo ezikhethwe nge-cherry lwethulwa nge-drivel ejwayelekile efana ne-Prause mayelana "nokukhohlisa onobuhle."

Isayensi kuwumkhuba wokuqamba amamodeli usebenzisa ukubuka okuhlelekile. Esikhathini sezokwelapha kanye nesayensi ehlobene, lezi zithombe ziyizizathu zokuthi kungani umuntu noma iqembu lihlanganyela ekuziphatheni. Ubuqili bungumgqa ophezulu wamamodeli: Uma kukhona ukubikezelwa kwesimodeli akusekelwa, yonke imodeli ilahlwa. Ngenkathi imiphumela yokutadisha ehambisana nokubikezela imodeli ikwandisa ukuqiniseka kwethu ukuthi ukubikezelwa komfanekiso oyedwa kusekelwa, konke ukubikezelwa komfanekiso kufanele kubambelele ngoba imodeli okufanele icatshangwe isekelwe. Ngakho-ke, izifundo ezibaluleke kakhulu yizifundo ezikuthi ukukhohlisa ukubikezela kwesimodeli. Okokugcina, isibonelo asikaze "sibonakaliswe", ngoba ukubikezela imodeli kungahle kuhlale kuqiniswa isifundo esilandelayo. Amamodeli "asekelwa" noma "athembekile". Lezi zincwadi (ngezansi) zimelela ezinye ze-falsification zezimpawu ezibalulekile ezenzeke kwisayensi yefilimu yesayensi.

Phezulu, kubonakala kuhlaba umxhwele, kodwa umfundi ushiywe ebumnyameni njengokuthi okuyinto imodeli ini i-Alliance ithi ikhohlisile. Ukungahleliwe kwezigaba zocwaningo (i-LGBT, i-Youth, i-Regulation, i-Performers, i-Intimacy,) kunikeza ukuqonda okumbalwa ukuthi amamodeli we-X, Y, noma we-Z asekelwa, noma cha. Noma kunjalo lokhu “ochwepheshe” sitshelwa ukuthi sithembe?yingaboy

Okuwukuphela kwesigaba sokusikisela “kumodeli” yifayela le- "Amamodeli Wobungqingili" isigaba, Kodwa umfundi abatshelwa ukuthi imodeli wenziwa oqanjiwe ngawo imiphumela yanoma yiziphi amaphepha abo cherry abelethwe. Kuyinto imfihlakalo. Esikhathini "amamodeli we hypersexuality" kwesigaba ungase Alliance kube wayebhekisela umfuziselo ezithile abe umlutha wezithombe ezingcolile (CSBD)? Mhlawumbe, kodwa iningi lawo maphepha efakwe ohlwini ngalutho abayimilutha porn, njengoba sigodle zonke kodwa omunye 55 izifundo zezinzwa & 30 Izibuyekezo / imibono ezilapha.

Ngabe bathi "bakhohlise" imodeli yobungqingili? I-Alliance ihlinzeka ngamaphepha ambalwa emibono “ngezinhlobo zocansi,” kodwa isifundo esisodwa kuphela sezinzwa: Ukudumisa, N., Steele, VR, Staley, C., Sabatinelli, D., & Hajcak, G. (I-2015). Njengeningi lezifundo ze-Alliance, leso sifundo, Prause et al., 2015, akuyona into ebonakala iyiyo. Ngesikhathi uPrause eqinisekisa ngesibindi ukuthi yena oyedwa, isifundo se-EEG esiphuthele kakhulu sasibulele umlutha wezocansi, Amaphepha abukezwe i-9 avumelani. Wonke amaphepha e-10 ayavuma lokho Prause et al., 2015 empeleni bathole ukuxoshwa noma ukujwayele kubasebenzisi be-porn abavamile (into ehambisana nokulutha): Izibukezo ezibuyekezwa kontanga Prause et al., 2015

Uma amalungu e-Alliance kukhona ebhekisa "ekwenziweni kabi" kwemodeli ethile yokulutha kwezithombe zocansi, iyiphi imodeli yokulutha engaba yiyo? Ingabe yi ukukhuthaza ukukhuthaza umlutha? Noma mhlawumbe umvuzo wokulahlekelwa umlutha? Noma kungenzeka ukuthi yilokho imodeli yenqubo yokuphikisa yokulutha? Mhlawumbe enye imodeli?

Uma i-Alliance ingake isazise ukuthi iyiphi imodeli abakhuluma nayo, kuzodingeka futhi basitshele ukuthi yikuphi okutholakele okusekelayo noma "ukukhohlisa" imodeli ekhethiwe yokulutha. Isazi sezinzwa Matuesz Gola babe nemibuzo efanayo ukuhlaziya kwakhe Prause et al., 2015, Lapho uveza ukungakwazi Prause ukuba igama imodeli of umlutha lizisholo babe "oqanjiwe":

Noma kunjalo, ngenxa yokungabi nalutho kwesitatimende esicacile sokuthi umlutha uhlolwe futhi uphenyo olukhulu lokuhlola (okunzima ukuchaza indima yezithombe ezithandwayo), akunakwenzeka ukusho uma imiphumela evezwe ingavumelani, noma ngokuvumelana nalokho, ukucabanga nge "izithombe zobulili ezingcolile" umlutha"Izifundo ezithuthukisiwe ezengeziwe nezibalo ezichazwe kahle zibizwa. Ngeshwa isihloko esibukhali sikaPrause et al. (I-2015) isihloko sesivele sinomthelela kuma-mass media, ngaleyo ndlela sithatha isiphetho esingenabulungisa sesayensi. Ngenxa yokubaluleka kwezenhlalakahle nezombusazwe kwesihloko semiphumela yezithombe zobulili ezingcolile, abacwaningi kufanele bafinyelele iziphetho ezizayo ngokuqapha okukhulu.

Ngemuva kokudalulwa nguGola, uPrause wamemezela - ngemuva kweqiniso - ukuthi ukufundwa kwakhe kwe-EEG kwakenzelwe ukuhlola "ukuqaphela kabusha" (ukuzwela), esikhundleni sokuhlala. Uma kuyiqiniso, i-Prause iyanqabela ngokucophelela imbobo egelezayo ekuqinisekiseni kwakhe kwesiqili "sokukhohlisa". Noma kunjalo Prause et al. I-2015 wayitholile Ngaphansi ukucubungula-kabusha kubasebenzisi be-porn abavamile, ezinye izifundo ze-26 zezinzwa ziye zabika ukukhishwa-kabusha noma izifiso (ukuzwela) kubasebenzisi be-porn abacindezelayo: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27.

Isayensi ayifuni nesifundo esisodwa esisodwa esithintekayo esithinteka ngezindlela eziningana ezimbi ezenzekayo; isayensi ihambisana nokuphambene nobufakazi (ngaphandle uma ukhona I-Porn-Diaer eqhutshwa yi-ajenda).

Ngokuqondene nazo zonke ezinye izingxenye ze-Alliance, akukho modeli yento ekhonjwe yi-outlier, ama-cherry-picking papers ekhonjiwe.

Amalungu ahlukahlukene e-Porn Science Deniers Alliance anomlando wokuqamba amanga ngezifundo zawo nezabanye

Nakuba amanye amaDeniers anamazwi amaningi ephazamisa isimo samanje socwaningo, abuye ahlukumeze, avele, futhi aveze ngokungazenzisi ucwaningo lwakhe. Ngezansi kukhona izibonelo zabaDeniers abathathu abashicilele izifundo eziningi (amalungu amaningi e-Alliance angabalandeli nje, hhayi abacwaningi). Izibonelo ezengeziwe zikhona Ukuhlaziywa kwezifundo ezingabazekayo nezilahlekisayo ingxenye.i-realyourbrainonporn iyadukisa

Nicole Prause:

UJoshuwa Grubbs:

  • "Waqonda ukuluthwa porn" izifundo Josh Grubbs sika. kulesi 2016 engavamile Psychology Today esihlokweni, I-Grubbs isho ngamanga ukuthi amaphuzu "abonwa ukuthi angumlutha we-porn" (inani eliphelele le-CPUI-9) alihlobene namahora wokusetshenziswa kocansi:  U-Joshua Grubbs, ongumsizi uprofesa wezokwelapha, e-Bowling Green University uthi: Esikhundleni salokho, kunakho konke okukwenzayo inkolo futhi zokuziphatha isimo sengqondo ngocansi. Ngamafuphi, uthi, "Kunamahloni." Empeleni, Grubbs et al., Kubike i-2015 ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kocansi kwakuyi-a unamandla isibikezeli sokuthi "umlutha wezocansi obonakalayo" kunenkolelo!
  • Kuye ukubhala okungabonakali kahle of Grubbs & Gola, I-2019, uJosh Grubbs njalo ihlukumeza ukusebenzisana phakathi kokusetshenziswa kobulili obukhulu nokuziqhenya kocansi kanye nokuvinjelwa okubuhlungu. Empeleni, izixhumanisi ngamashumi kubikwe kuwo wonke amaqembu e-3 - ikakhulukazi isampula i-3, eyayiyisampula ehambisana kakhulu njengoba isampula enkulu kunazo zonke futhi iqoqwa kakhulu neqembu lobudala labesilisa okwamanje elivame ukuhlaselwa yi-ED eyenziwe ngocansi. Ngesibindi ukubonisa indlela yokuphenya imiphumela yokutadisha, Iziphetho zikaGrubbs azinaki ukuhlangana phakathi kokusebenzisa i-porn kanye nokwakhiwa kwabampofu okwakungokoqobo unamandla kunokuhlangana kwakhe phakathi "kokubona ukulutha kocansi" nenkolo!

U-Alexander Štulhofer:

  • I-Landripet ne-Štulhofer, 2015: "Ukuxhumana okufushane" kutholile ukuthi abutholanga ubudlelwano phakathi kokusetshenziswa kocansi nezinkinga zocansi. Njengoba kubhalwe kuyo yomibili le YBOP ihlaziya futhi lokhu kubuyekezwa kwezincwadi, Iphepha lika-Štulhofer empeleni libike ukuxhumana okubili okubalulekile phakathi kokusetshenziswa kocansi ne-ED. Ekuphekeni kwesibili, iphepha lika-Štulhofer uyeke ukuhlangana okuphawulekayo ezintathu phakathi kokusetshenziswa kocansi nezinkinga zobulili, omunye wabalobi ababethumele ngaphambilini inkomfa yaseYurophu.
  • Veitm, Štulhofer & Hald, 2016Izifundo zika-Štulhofer zivame ngobuciko "ukulawula okuguquguqukayo" kuze kube yilapho imiphumela emibi ehlobene nokusetshenziswa kocansi incishisiwe noma inyamalala (noma akayikhulumi nge-abstract). Ukufunda le Štulhofer abstract awusoze wazi ukuthi uthole ukuxhumana okuphawulekayo phakathi kokusetshenziswa kocansi nobudlelwano obumpofu nokwaneliseka ngokobulili kwabesilisa nabesifazane. Kusuka ephepheni: "Kubo bobabili besilisa nabesifazane, ukulingana okuphawulekayo kwe-zero-oda phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwe-SEM nokunethezeka kobudlelwano kutholakala. "

Izibonelo eziningi eziningi zinikezwa esigabeni esilandelayo.

Ukudalula amaphepha e-Alliance akhethwe yi-Alliance: ukwaziswa okungeyona, ukumelwa kabi, ukushiywa ngamanga.

Ngezansi sethula i-Alliance kaMeyi 30, 2019 isifinyezo samaphepha abo abathandekayo. Izigaba nokuhleleka kwamaphepha kuhlala kufana nokutholakala kusayithi labo. Uma kusebenza, sinikezela ngesingeniso esigabeni esichaza isimo samanje socwaningo, umlando wenkulumo-ze ye-Denier, futhi kwesinye isikhathi siqagela maqhinga ayisisekelo. Emaphepheni amaningi sinikeza "ukuhlaziywa" nokulungiswa kwesici esithile sokumelela kabi, ukusonta nokushiya okuvezwe yi-Alliance noma umbhali wamaphepha (imvamisa eyodwa “Ochwepheshe” bomfelandawonye). Siphinde sithi uma iphepha: (1) lihlaziya noma isifundo sangempela (eziningi akuzona izifundo), (2) ihlolwe imiphumela ye-porn kumsebenzisi (iningi ayizange), (3) ifanelekile kushiwo isigaba isihloko (eziningi azibalulekile), (4) kumane nje kugcwaliswa noma "kukhulunywa ngokunyuka kwamandla emali" (okuningi akubalulekile). Izixhumanisi ezigabeni ze-Alliance:

yingaboy

I-Erectile Nezinye Izifo Zokuhlukunyezwa Ngokocansi Isigaba

Okuqukethwe / Eqinisweni: Lolu hlu luqukethe izifundo ezingaphezulu kwe-40 ezixhumanisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-porn noma ukulutha kobulili ezinkingeni zobulili nokuvusa okuncane ezenzweni zobulili. (kufaka phakathi izifundo ezintathu ze-Alliance ezibalwe ngezansi). I Ucwaningo lokuqala lwe-7 ohlwini lubonisa ibangela, njengoba abahlanganyeli beqede ukusetshenziswa kwezingcolile kanye nokuphulukisa okungavamile kocansi.

Ngaphezu kwezifundo, Leli khasi liqukethe ama-athikili namavidiyo ngama-160 ochwepheshe (urology professors, urologists, psychiatrists, psychologists, sexologists, MDs) abavuma futhi baphumelela ngokuphatha i-porn-kuhoxiswa ED kanye nokulahlekelwa izithombe ezingcolile zobulili.

Amazinga omlando we-ED: Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-Erectile kuqala kuhlolwa ku-1940 uma Umbiko weKinsey waphetha ukuthi ukusabalala kwe-ED kwakungaphansi kwe-1% kumadoda amancane kuneminyaka engu-30, ngaphansi kwe-3% kulawo minyaka 30-45. Ngesikhathi ukuhlolwa kwe-ED kumadoda amancane kuncane kakhulu, lokhu ku-2002 ukuhlolwa kwe-meta-6 ephakeme ye-ED kubike ukuthi i-5 yezifundo ze-6 ibike ama-ED Amanani kubantu abangaphansi kwe-40 cishe kwe-2%.

Ekupheleni kwe-2006 mahhala, amasayithi we-tube yocansi ehamba phambili afika ohlwini futhi athola ukuthandwa okusheshayo. Lokhu ushintshe uhlobo lwe-porn ukusetshenziswa kakhulu. Ngokokuqala ngqa emlandweni, ababukeli bangakwazi ukukhula ngokukhululekile phakathi neseshini yokushaya indlwabu ngaphandle kokulinda.  Ucwaningo lweshumi olushicilelwe kusukela ku-2010 yembula ukwanda okukhulu kwezidakamizwa zobulili. Esikhathini sezinhlelo ze-10, amazinga e-erectile ukungasebenzi kahle kwamadoda ngaphansi kwe-40 avela ku-14% kuya ku-37%, kanti amazinga we-libido aphansi avela ku-16% kuya ku-37%.

Ngaphandle kokufika kokusakazwa kwe-porn (2006) akukho okungafani okuhlobene no-ED osemusha kuye kwashintsha kakhulu eminyakeni yokugcina ye-10-20 (izinga lokubhema liphansi, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kuzinzile, ukukhula ngokweqile kumadoda 20-40 kuphakama kuphela i-4% kusukela I-1999 - idokelwe kulephepha le-2016 elibuyekezwe ngontanga: Ingabe Izithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Zase-Internet Zibangela Ukuhlukunyezwa Ngokocansi? Ukubuyekeza nge Imibiko Yomtholampilo. Ukugxuma kwamuva ezinkingeni zobulili kuhambisana nokushicilelwa kwezifundo eziningi ezixhumanisa ukusetshenziswa kocansi kanye "nokulutha kocansi" ezinkingeni zocansi kanye nokuvusa okuncane ezenzweni zobulili.

Inhloso Alliance: Ukwenza ukungabaza emqondweni womphakathi. Kuphela umdlalo uma umkhakha womphakathi nowezokwelapha uqaphela iqiniso lokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-porn yanamuhla kungadala ukungasebenzi kahle okungapheli kocansi kubantu abasha abanempilo. Abaphikisi abanjengoLey, Prause, Perry, Kohut noLehmiller ukusola ukushaya indlwabu, hhayi i-porn, ye-ED engapheli ezinsizweni ezinempilo. (Akekho orologist ongavuma.) Ngaphandle kokunikeza usizo olungokwesayensi, abano-pornlogist-apologists bazama ukusishukumisela ukuthi i-porn hhayi ngemuva kokwanda kwamanje kwe-coital ED kubathandi be-porn be-intanethi. (Awutholi lutho ngaphandle porn, kwesokudla?)

I-Ley & Prause basebenzise izindlela ezingekho emthethweni eminyakeni eyi-7 eyedlule, ngemuva kokukhokhelwa Impi ye-4 yeminyaka ngokumelene nephepha lezemfundo, ngenkathi ihlukumeza futhi ikhulule izinsizwa ezifanayo futhi ezithole ukungasebenzi kahle kwezocansi. Ekugcineni, kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele lowo mbhali Nicole Prause ine ubudlelwane obusondelene nemboni yezocansi futhi ikhathazekile nge-PIED eyisikweletu, lapho ilayishe a Impi ye-3 yeminyaka ngokumelene nephepha lezemfundo, ngenkathi ngasikhathi sinye behlukumeza futhi behlambalaza izinsizwa ezilulame ekusebenzeni kocansi okubangelwa ucansi. Bona imibhalo: I-Gabe Deem #1, I-Gabe Deem #2, U-Alexander Rhodes #1, U-Alexander Rhodes #2, U-Alexander Rhodes #3, I-Noah Church, U-Alexander Rhodes #4, U-Alexander Rhodes #5, U-Alexander Rhodes #6, U-Alexander Rhodes #7, U-Alexander Rhodes #8, U-Alexander Rhodes #9, U-Alexander Rhodes #10,  Alex Rhodes # 11, UGabe Deem no-Alex Rhode ndawonye # 12, U-Alexander Rhodes #13, U-Alexander Rhodes #14, I-Gabe Deem #4, U-Alexander Rhodes #15.

Ukubuyekezwa kwezincwadi ukuthi i-Deniers ayishiyile:

1) Ingabe Izithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Zase-Internet Zibangela Ukuhlukunyezwa Ngokocansi? Ukubuyekeza nge Imibiko Yomtholampilo (2016) - Ukubuyekezwa kabanzi kwezincwadi ezihlobene nezinkinga zocansi ezibangelwa ucansi. Ukubandakanya odokotela base-US Navy ba-7, ukubuyekezwa kunikeza imininingwane yakamuva eveza ukunyuka okukhulu kwezinkinga zobulili ezisencane. Iphinde ibuyekeze izifundo zezinzwa ezihlobene nokulutha kwezilonda kanye nesimo socansi nge-inthanethi ye-inthanethi. Odokotela banikeza imibiko ye-3 emitholampilo yamadoda athuthukisa ukuhlukunyezwa kocansi okubangelwa ucansi. Amadoda amabili kulawo madoda amathathu aphulukisa izidakamizwa zabo ngokocansi ngokuqeda ukusetshenziswa kocansi. Indoda yesithathu yabhekana nokuthuthukiswa okuncane njengoba engakwazi ukuyeka ukusetshenziswa kocansi. Abstract

Izici zendabuko eziye zachaza ubunzima bobulili besilisa zibonakala zinganele ukwenza i-akhawunti ngokunyuka okukhulu ekusebenziseni kwe-erectile, ukubambezeleka kwe-ejaculation, ukunciphisa ukwaneliseka ngokobulili, nokunciphisa i-libido ngesikhathi sokulala ngobulili kumadoda ngaphansi kwe-40. Lokhu kubuyekezwa (i-1) kubheka idatha kusuka ezizindeni eziningi, isibonelo, imitholampilo, izidakamizwa (izidakamizwa / urology), kwengqondo (isimo sengqondo socansi), inhlalo yomphakathi; futhi (i-2) inikeza uchungechunge lwemibiko yemitholampilo, konke ngenhloso yokuphakamisa isiqondiso esingahle sokucwaninga esikhathini esizayo salesi simo. Ukuguqulwa kwesistimu yokugqugquzela ebuchosheni kuhlolisiswa njengendlela etiology ebonakalayo ebangela ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi okuhlobene nocansi.

Lokhu kubuyekezwa kubheka nobufakazi bokuthi izakhiwo ezihlukile zocansi ze-Intanethi (okungenamkhawulo, okungenzeka kube lula kokukhuphuka kokunye ngokwedlulele kokunye, ifomethi yevidiyo, njll.) Kungaba namandla ngokwanele ukucacisa ukuvuswa kocansi kuzici zokusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-Intanethi ezingaguquki kalula kwezangempela -abalingani bezempilo, ukuthi ubulili nabalingani obufisayo kungenzeka bungabhalisi njengokulindelwe komhlangano kanye nokuwohloka komusa. Imibiko yomtholampilo iphakamisa ukuthi ukunqamula ukusetshenziswa kwe-inthanethi kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kwesinye isikhathi kwanele ukuguqula imiphumela emibi, kugcizelela isidingo sophenyo olunzulu kusetshenziswa izindlela ezinezifundo ezisusa ukwahluka kokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi kuyi-Internet.

2) Izidakamizwa zobulili kwi-Internet Era (2018) - Izingcaphuno:

Isifiso esiphansi sobulili, ukwaneliseka okuncishisiwe kwezocansi, kanye nokukhubazeka kwe-erectile (ED) kuya ngokuya kuvama kubantu abasha. Ocwaningweni lwaseNtaliyane oluvela ku-2013, kuze kufinyelele kuma-25% ezifundo ezihlushwa i-ED zingaphansi kweminyaka engama-40 [1], futhi ocwaningweni olufanayo olushicilelwe ngonyaka we-2014, ngaphezu kwengxenye yamadoda aseCanada enza ucansi phakathi kweminyaka engu-16 no-21. wahlushwa uhlobo oluthile lokuphazamiseka kobulili [2]. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukwanda kwezindlela zokuphila ezingezinhle ezihambisana ne-organic ED azikashintshi kakhulu noma kwehle kumashumi eminyaka edlule, kuphakamisa ukuthi i-psychogenic ED isekhuphukeni [3].

I-DSM-IV-TR ichaza ezinye zezimilo ezinezimfanelo ze-hedonic, ezinjengokugembula, ukuyothenga, indlela yokuziphatha kwezocansi, ukusetshenziswa kwe-Intanethi, nokusebenzisa umdlalo wevidiyo, ngokuthi "ukuphazamiseka kokulawula okungekhona okuhlukaniswe kwenye indawo" -ngokwenele lokhu kuvame ukuchazwa njengokuluthwa kokuziphatha [4] ]. Uphenyo lwakamuva luveze ukuthi indima yokuluthwa umkhuba kokungaziphathi kahle kwezocansi: ukuguqulwa ezindleleni ze-neurobiological ezithintekayo ekuphenduleni kwezocansi kungaba ngumphumela wesisusa esiphindaphindwayo, esingajwayelekile semvelaphi ehlukahlukene.

Phakathi kwezidakamizwa zokuziphatha, ukusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi okuyizinkinga kanye nokusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuyi-Internet kuvame ukukhonjwa njengokungathi kunengozi yokuhlukumezeka ngokocansi, kaningi kungekho nomngcele oqondile phakathi kwezimo ezimbili. Abasebenzisi be-intanethi bakhangwa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi ngenxa yokungaziwa, ukukwazi ukukwazi ukukwazi, nokutholakala kalula, futhi ezimweni eziningi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kungabangela abasebenzisi ngokusebenzisa umlutha wocansi lwe-inthanethi: kulezi zimo, abasebenzisi kungenzeka bakhohlwe indima "yokuziphendukela kwemvelo" yokuthola ucansi, ukuthola injabulo eyengeziwe ekuzikhetheleni okuzikhethela ngokobulili kunokuba ulale emzimbeni.

Ezincwadini, abacwaningi abahambisani nokusebenza okuhle nokubi kwezithombe ezingcolile zobulili. Kusukela kumbono omubi, limelela imbangela eyinhloko yokuziphatha okuphoqeleka kwe-masturbatory, ukulutha kwe-inthanethi ye-cyber, ngisho nokusebenza kabi kwe-erectile.

3) Izimbangela ze-Organic ne-psychogenic zokungasebenzi ngokocansi kumadoda amasha (2017) - Ukubuyekezwa okulandwayo, nesigaba esibizwa ngokuthi "Indima Yezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Ejaculation Esinciphile (DE)". Ingcaphuno yalesi sigaba:

Indima Yezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Ejaculation (D)

Kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, ukwanda okukhulu ekusabalaliseni nasekutholakaleni kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-Intanethi kunikeze izimbangela ezengeziwe ze-DE ezihambisana nombono wesibili nowesithathu ka-Althof. Imibiko evela ku-2008 itholwe ngokwesilinganiso i-14.4% yabafana ivezwe izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala eyi-13 no-5.2% wabantu ababuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile okungenani nsuku zonke.76 Ucwaningo lwango-2016 lwembula ukuthi lezi zimiso zombili zikhuphuke zaba ngu-48.7% no-13.2%, ngokulandelana. I-76 Iminyaka yobudala yokuqala yokuvezwa kwezithombe zocansi ifaka isandla ku-DE ngobuhlobo bayo neziguli ezibonisa i-CSB. Voon et al. bathole ukuthi izinsizwa ezine-CSB zibuke izinto zocansi zisencane kunontanga bazo abalawulwa ngeminyaka.75

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, izinsizwa ezine-CSB zingaba yisisulu sombono wesithathu ka-Althof we-DE futhi zikhethe ngokushaya indlwabu ocansini oluhlukanisiwe ngenxa yokushoda kokuvusa ubudlelwano. Inani elandayo lamadoda abukela izinto ezingcolile nsuku zonke nalo lifaka isandla ku-DE ngokusebenzisa umbono wesithathu ka-Althof. Esicwaningweni sabafundi basekolishi besilisa abangama-487, uSun et al. bathole ubudlelwane phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nokwehla kokuzijabulisa okubikiwe kokuziphatha okusondelene ngokocansi nabalingani bangempela bempilo.76 Laba bantu basengozini ephakeme yokukhetha ukushaya indlwabu ngokukhethekile kunokuhlangana kocansi, njengoba kukhonjisiwe embikweni wecala likaPark et al. . Owesilisa oneminyaka engu-20 obhalise owethulwe kanzima ukuthola i-orgasm nengoduso yakhe ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ezedlule.

Umlando onemininingwane wezocansi uveze ukuthi isiguli sithembele ezithombeni ezingcolile ze-Intanethi nasekusebenziseni ithoyizi locansi elichazwa ngokuthi "isitho sangasese sowesifazane mbumbulu" ukushaya indlwabu ngenkathi lisatshalaliswa. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ubedinga okuqukethwe okuya ngokusobala okucacayo noma okomuntu othanda ukugcotshwa. Uvumile ukuthi uthole ingoduso yakhe ikhanga kepha wakhetha ukuzwa ithoyizi lakhe ngoba ukuthole kushukumisa kakhulu lokho kulalana kwangempela. umbiko wecala olandelayo: UBronner et al. uxoxisane nendoda enempilo eneminyaka engama-77 ethula ngezikhalazo zokungabi nasifiso sokuya ocansini nentombi yayo yize beyikhanga ngokwengqondo nangokocansi.

Umlando onemininingwane wezocansi uveze ukuthi lesi simo senzekile nabesifazane abedlule abangama-20 azama ukuthandana nabo. Ubike ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kusukela ebusheni ekuqaleni okwakune-zoophilia, ubugqila, usizi, kanye ne-masochism, kepha ekugcineni wadlulela ekuziphatheni okubi ngokobulili, emibuthanweni nasekucansini ngocansi. Wayezibona ngeso lengqondo izigcawu zobulili ezingcolile emcabangweni wakhe wokusebenza ngokobulili nabesifazane, kodwa lokho kwaya kuyeka ukusebenza kancane kancane.74 Igebe phakathi kwemicabango yezithombe zocansi zesiguli nempilo yangempela laba likhulu kakhulu, ladala ukulahlekelwa yisifiso.

Ngokusho kuka-Althof, lokhu kuzokwethula njenge-DE kwezinye iziguli.73 Le ngqikithi ephindaphindayo yokufuna okuqukethwe kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile zobunjalo obucace bha noma bokubeletha kwi-orgasm kuchazwa nguPark et al. njengoba hyperactivity. Njengoba umuntu evuselela ukuvusa kwakhe ngokobulili ezithombeni ezingcolile, ubulili empilweni yangempela awusenzi izinyathelo ezifanele ze-ejaculate (noma ukhiqize ama-erections eqhubekayo ku-ED) .77

Mayelana nezifundo ze-7 Alliance, amalungu ayo azama ukukhohlisa umphakathi. Izifundo ezine zalezi eziyisikhombisa zibike izixhumanisi ezibalulekile phakathi kokusetshenziswa kocansi nezinkinga zocansi. Imininingwane kuzo zonke lezi zifundo ezi-4 iphikisana nezimangalo ze-Alliance:

  1. Ukungasebenzi Kwe-Erectile, Ukuxhaphaza, Ne-Hypersexuality phakathi Kwamadoda Ahlanganisiwe avela emazweni amabili aseYurophu (2015)
  2. Iziguli ezibhekene nohlobo lwama-Referral: Ukubukezwa Kweshadi Lokulinganiswa Kwama-115 Amacala Amadoda Axoshwayo (2015)
  3. Ingabe Ukusetshenziswa Kwezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Kuhlobene Nokusebenza Kwe-Erectile? Imiphumela Evela Esigabeni Sokukhula Kwezingxenye Zesiphambano Nezikhathi Ezizayo "(2019)
  4. Inhlolovo Yomsebenzi Wezocansi kanye Nezocansi (2019)

Kwezingcaphuno ezintathu ze-Alliance ezisele, esisodwa asibuyekezwa ontanga, kanti ezinye ezimbili zagxekwa ngokusemthethweni ezincwadini ezibuyekezwa ngontanga (bheka ngezansi).

Ekugcineni, noma ngabe wonke amaphepha e-7 abika ubuhlobo obuncane noma abukho phakathi kokusetshenziswa kocansi kanye nezinkinga zobulili (okungenjalo), i-Alliance ayikho into ekhohlisayo. Ngesikhathi i-Prause ikhuluma ngokuphindaphindiwe UKarl Popper futhi imibono yakhe ihlobene ukukhohlisa noma ukuziphendulela, uhluleka ukusebenzisa lezi zindinganiso kuye ngokuthi u-debunking ocatshangelwa ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi (okubangelwa ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi) noma ukubheja kocansi. Ukusebenzisa ifilosofi yama-Poppers kuma-Prause's claims, sithola ukuthi kunjalo izimangalo zakhe okuye kwagqunywa. Njengoba uPapper esho, umuntu akasoze afakazela ukuthi "wonke ama-swans ahlanzekile," kodwa i-swan eyodwa eyodwa ingamangalela lesi simangalo.

Uma kuziwa ezindabeni zokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi ezenziwe ngocansi sinezibi ezigcwele ama-swans amnyama. Asinayo kuphela izinkulungwane i-anecdotal futhi emtholampilo ukulandisa kwamadoda amadodana ukuphulukisa izidakamizwa zobulili ngokuqeda ukusetshenziswa kwe-porn, sinakho Ama-7 amaphepha abuyekeziwe ukubika ukuthi amadoda aphulukisa izidakamizwa ezingavamile zocansi ngokuqeda ukusetshenziswa kocansi:

  1. Isimo se-Psychogenic Anejaculation: Isifundo Sezifundo (2014)
  2. Umkhuba ongavamile we-masturbatory njengento etiological ekuxilongweni kanye nokwelashwa kokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi kumadoda amasha (2014)
  3. Imikhuba yokushaya indlwabu kanye nokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi (2016)
  4. Ingabe Izithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Zase-Internet Zibangela Ukuhlukunyezwa Ngokocansi? Ukubukezwa Ngemibiko Yomtholampilo (2016)
  5. Kunzima kangakanani ukuphatha ukujula okwephuzile ngaphakathi komodeli wesikhashana ongokwengqondo? Ukuqhathaniswa kwesifundo (2017)
  6. Izithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Zenza Ukungasebenzi Kwe-Erectile Phakathi Kwabesilisa Abasha (2019)
  7. Kufihliwe Ehlazweni: Ukuhlangenwe nakho Kwabesilisa Abangabalingisi Bokusebenzisa Izinkinga Zobulili Ezingcolile

O yebo, a ukuxhunyelelwa kokuqukethwe kwe-32 ukuxilongwa kwe-porn / ukubhebhetheka kocansi ezinkingeni zobulili kanye nokuvusa okuncane ezenzweni zocansi. Ngamafuphi, izimangalo ze-Alliance zikhohlisiwe.

Izifundo ze-Alliance:

Grubbs, JB, & Gola, M. (2019). Ingabe izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ziyasetshenziswa ezihlobene nokusebenza kwe-erectile? Imiphumela evela ku-cross-sectional ne-latent growth curve ihlaziya. Umagazini wezokwelapha, 16 (1), 111-125. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Ilungu le-Alliance uJoshua Grubbs. Noma leli phepha lifundeka sengathi lidonsa i-ED eyenziwe ngocansi, lolu cwaningo empeleni lukutholile lokho kokubili ukusetshenziswa kobulili obuyinkimbinkimbi (ukulutha kocansi) futhi Amazinga aphezulu ekusetshenzisweni kobulili ayehlobene abampofu Ukusebenza kwe-erectile kuwo wonke ama-3 wamasampuli ayo (bona i idatha yangempela neqiniso kulokhu kuhlaziywa). Isiphetho sikaDkt Grubbs sokungakhathali asimangazi kulabo abalandele izimangalo zangaphambili ezingabazisayo zikaDkt Grubbs maqondana no “ubona ukulutha kocansi kocansi"Umkhankaso.

Kalula nje, lolu cwaningo lusekela isiphakamiso sokuthi ukusetshenziswa kocansi / ukulutha umlutha kuhlobene nokungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile. Ukuze uqonde ukukhetha kukaGrubbs, qaphela ukuhlobana phakathi kokusebenzisa i-porn ne-ED kusampula lakhe elikhulu kunawo wonke, iqembu lesikhathi esivame ukubika i-PIED): (0.37). Inamandla kunokubumbana okubikwe iGrubbs (kwelinye iphepha) phakathi kwe- "wabona ukulutha kwezithombe zocansi ”nenkolo (0.30) ukuzwakalisa izimangalo zakhe ezinkulu, zomphakathi ukuthi leyo yenkolo ibangela ukulutha kocansi. Futhi nokho lapha uphetha ngokuthi unakho aphikisiwe i-porn-ihoxise i-ED, inganaki ukutholakala kwakhe kokuhlanganiswa kwe-0.37 kusibonelo sakhe esifanele kunazo zonke, esibaluleke kunazo zonke! I-standard double eshaqisayo, cha?

Ngaphandle kokuphikisa ukuxhumana phakathi kokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi nokulutha kocansi noma ukusetshenziswa kocansi, lolu cwaningo lunikeza usizo ngoba ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi okubangelwa ucansi.

IBerger, JH, Kehoe, JE, Doan, AP, Crain, DS, Klam, WP, Marshall, MT, & Christman, MS (2019). Sukuvota koMsebenzi wezocansi kanye nezithombe zobulili ezingcolile. Imithi Yezempi. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Ucwaningo olwenziwa odokotela abaningi be-US Navy abafanayo kulokhu kubuyekezwa okukhulunywe kakhulu kwezincwadi: Ingabe Izithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Zase-Internet Zibangela Ukuhlukunyezwa Ngokocansi? Ukubukezwa Ngemibiko Yomtholampilo (2016). Kungani i-Alliance inqunyelwe ngenhloso leli phepha lephambilini (emva-konke, liyi-a ukubuyekezwa kwezincwadi)? Hawu, ngoba ibala ngokuphelele amaphuzu wokukhuluma we-RealYBOP kanye nokuqinisekiswa okungasekelwa.

Kulolu cwaningo, abacwaningi bafuna ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-ED kanye nezimpawu zokulutha kwezithombe zocansi besebenzisa uhlu lwemibuzo "lokulangazelela". Yize kungekho ukuxhumanisa okunjalo okuvelile (mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi abasebenzisi abalihloli ngokunembile izinga labo “lokulangazelela” kuze kube yilapho bezama ukuyeka ukusebenzisa), okunye ukuhlangana okuthakazelisayo kuvele emiphumeleni yabo, okushiyiwe yi-Alliance (njengoba besilindele ). Izingcaphuno ezimbalwa:

Amanani e-erectile disysction ayengaphansi kunazo [amadoda] akhetha ubulili obuhlukanisiwe ngaphandle kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile (22.3%) futhi wanda kakhulu lapho izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zithandwa ngocansi oluhlukanisiwe (78%).

... I-pornography nokuhlukumeza ngokobulili kuvamile kubantu abasha.

...Labo [amadoda] asebenzise cishe cishe nsuku zonke noma ngaphezulu babe nama-ED Amanani we-44% (12 / 27) uma kuqhathaniswa ne-22% (47 / 213) kulabo abasebenzisi "abavamile" (≤5x / ngesonto), okubaluleka ukuhlaziywa okungavumelekile (p= 0.017). Kungenzeka ukuthi ivolumu idlala indima ngezinga elithile.

Futhi, njengoba abalobi bekhomba,

...I-pathophysiology ehlongozwayo ye-porn-eyabangela i-ED ibonakala iyabonakala futhi isekelwe kubahlukahlukene abacwaningi basebenze hhayi iqoqo elincane labacwaningi abangase bahlaselwe yizinkanuko zokuziphatha. Futhi ukusekela uhlangothi lwe "causation" lwempikiswano kukhona imibiko yamadoda aphinde abuyele emsebenzini ovamile wezocansi ngemva kokuyeka ukusebenzisa izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile.

...Izifundo ezingaba khona kuphela ezizokwazi ukuxazulula ngokuqinisekile umbuzo we-causation noma inhlangano, kufaka phakathi izifundo zokungenelela ezihlola impumelelo yokungavumeli ukwelashwa kwe-ED kubasebenzisi bezithombe zocansi ezisindayo. Abantu abengeziwe abafuna ukucatshangelwa okukhethekile kubandakanya intsha. Kube nokukhathazeka okuphakanyisiwe ukuthi ukuvezwa kokuqala kwezinto ezibonakalayo zocansi kungathinta ukuthuthukiswa okuvamile. Isilinganiso sabaselula esitholakala ezithombeni ezingcolile ngaphambi kokuba iminyaka engu-13 ikhuphuke kathathu eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, futhi manje ihamba nge-50%.

Ucwaningo olwenziwe ngenhla lunikezwe emhlanganweni we-American Urological Association we-2017. Izingcaphuno ezimbalwa ezivela kulesi sihloko mayelana nayo - Ukufundwa kubona ukuxhumanisa phakathi kocansi nokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi (2017): 

Amadoda amasha abakhetha izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezenzweni zangempela zobulili bangase bazithole bebanjwe esicupheni, bengakwazi ukwenza ucansi nabanye abantu lapho ithuba liziveza, imibiko emisha yokutadisha. Amadoda angama-Porn-addictable angase ahlupheke kakhulu ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile futhi angenakuneliseka kakhulu ukuba aneliswe ngokocansi, ngokusho kokutholakala kocwaningo olwenziwe ngoLwesihlanu emhlanganweni waminyaka yonke we-American Urological Association, eBoston.

"Amanani wezimbangela eziphilayo ze-erectile ukungasebenzi kule nkathi yobudala aphansi kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukwanda kwe-erectile ukungasebenzi komsebenzi esikubonile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwaleli qembu kudinga ukuchazwa," kusho uKhristman. "Sikholelwa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kungase kube ingxenye eyodwa kuleyo puzzles".

Okulandelayo, a "zokuxhumana emfushane" (hhayi isifundo) ukuthi balolu cwaningo ngenhla bahlaziya ngokusemthethweni ekubukezweni kwabo kontanga kwezincwadi.

I-Landripet, I., & Štulhofer, A. (2015). Ingabe ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuhlotshaniswa nezinkinga zocansi kanye nezidakamizwa phakathi kwabantu abasha abesilisa nabesifazane? Umagazini wezokwelapha, 12 (5), 1136-1139. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Ilungu le-Alliance u-Alexander Štulhofer. Okokuqala, siyaqaphela ukuthi zonke izifundo zika-Štulhofer kubonakala sengathi ukubika imiphumela emincane noma engekho emibi ehlobene nokusetshenziswa kwe-porn, ngokungafani nokuphambana kokufundwa ngabanye abacwaningi bezocansi (abaphansi)? I-Landripet ne-Štulhofer, I-2015 ikhethwe ngokuthi "ukukhulumisana okufushane" yilo magazini okwakubonakala kuyo, futhi abalobi ababili bakhetha idatha ethile ukwabelana, ngenkathi beyeka enye idatha efanele. Leli phephandaba laphinde lashicilela i-critic of I-Landripet ne-Štulhofer: I-Comment on: Ingabe Izithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Ziyasebenzisana Nezinkinga Zezocansi kanye Nezinkinga phakathi Kwabesilisa Abashadile Abesilisa Abashadile?? nguGert Martin Hald, PhD

Okokuqala, ngokuqondene nesimangalo sokuthi I-Landripet ne-Štulhofer, I-2015 ayitholanga ubudlelwane phakathi kokusetshenziswa kocansi nezinkinga zobulili. Lokhu akulona iqiniso, njengoba kubhalwe kokubili le YBOP ihlaziya futhi ukubuyekezwa kwezincwadi ekuxazululeni odokotela abayi-7 baseMelika. Lesi sakamuva sikhulume ngaso I-Landripet ne-Štulhofer, I-2015:

… .Kodwa, ngokususelwa ekuqhathanisweni kwezibalo, ababhali baphetha ngokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi ze-Intanethi akubonakali kuyingozi enkulu ku-ED yentsha. Lokho kubukeka kucace ngokweqile, uma kubhekwa ukuthi amadoda amaPutukezi abawahlolile abike amazinga aphansi kakhulu okukhubazeka ngokocansi uma kuqhathaniswa nabaseNorway kanye nabaseCroatia, futhi ama-40% kuphela amaPutukezi abike ukuthi asebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-Intanethi "kusuka kaningana ngesonto kuze kube nsuku zonke", uma kuqhathaniswa nabaseNorway , 57%, namaCroatia, 59%.

Leli phepha ligxekwe ngokusemthethweni ngokwehluleka ukusebenzisa amamodeli aphelele akwazi ukuhlanganisa ubudlelwano obuqondile nobungaqondile phakathi kokuguquguqukayo okwaziwayo noma okucatshangwa ukuthi kusemsebenzini [59]. Ngesinye isikhathi, ephepheni elihlobene nesifiso esicindezelayo socansi esicindezelayo okubandakanya abaningi abahlanganyeli abafanayo abavela ePortugal, eCroatia naseNorway, la madoda abuzwa ukuthi yiziphi izici eziningi ezikholelwa ukuthi zinegalelo ekuhluphekeni kwabo ngokocansi. Phakathi kwezinye izici, cishe i-11% -22% inqume ukuthi "ngisebenzisa izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile" futhi i-16% -26% ikhethe "nginomkhuba wokushaya indlwabu"60]

Okwesibili, maqondana namaCroats, I-Landripet ne-Štulhofer, I-2015 iyavuma ubudlelwane obubalulekile phakathi kokusetshenziswa kocansi okuphindaphindiwe no-ED, kodwa kuthi ubukhulu besisindo buncane. Kodwa-ke, lesi simangalo singase sidukise ngokusho kwe-MD onguchwepheshe wezibalo futhi unezifundo eziningi:

Uhlaziye indlela ehlukile (i-Chi Squared) ... ukusetshenziswa okulinganiselwe (ukuphikisana nokusetshenziswa okungajwayelekile) kwandise amathuba (okungenzeka) kokuba ne-ED mayelana ne-50% kule ndawo yaseCroatia. Lokhu kubonakala kunenjongo kimi, nakuba kunesidingo sokuthi ukutholakala kwavezwa kuphela phakathi kwamaCroats.

Okwesithathu, emgwaqweni ophazamisayo, i-Landripet nephepha lika-Štulhofer liyekile ukubambisana okuphawulekayo okubhaliwe okubhaliwe okwethulwa engqungqutheleni yaseYurophu:

(I-1) ukuhlanganiswa okuphawulekayo phakathi kokungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile kanye "nokukhetha kwezinye izinhlobo zobulili ezingcolile," okuvamile kubantu abanePIED; futhi

(2 & 3) kwabesifazane, ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi okwandayo kwakuhlotshaniswa kakhulu nokuncipha kwentshisekelo kwezocansi ezihlukanisiwe kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kwezocansi okwandile phakathi kwabesifazane.

Kusenza sizibuze ngamanye amaphepha e-Stulhofer nokuthi yini engase ishiyiwe.

UKlein, V., Jurin, T., Briken, P., & Štulhofer, A. (2015). Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-Erectile, isithukuthezi, nokucwasana ngokobulili phakathi kwamadoda axhunyanisiwe avela emazweni amabili aseYurophu. Umagazini wezokwelapha, 12 (11), 2160-2167. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Ilungu le-Alliance u-Alexander Štulhofer. Esinye isibonelo sokungahambisani nokuthola okwenziwe isifundo. Eqinisweni, lolu cwaningo luchaze ukuhlanganiswa okuqinile phakathi kokungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile kanye nezinyathelo zokuziphatha ngokocansi. Ucwaningo lwalukhipha idatha yokulungisa phakathi kokusebenza kwe-erectile nokusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, kodwa kwaphawula ukuhlanganiswa okuphawulekayo. Ingcaphuno:

Phakathi kwamadoda aseCroatia naseJalimane, ukuxhumene kocansi kwakuhlobene kakhulu nokuqhathaniswa nokukhathazeka ngokobulili nezinkinga eziningi nge-erectile function.

Esikhundleni sokuphikisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwezidakamizwa zocansi kanye nokulutha kocansi (ubulili), lolu cwaningo lunikeza usizo ngoba ubudlelwane phakathi kokusetshenziswa kocansi nokucindezeleka ngokocansi.

Ukudumisa, N., & Pfaus, J. (2015). Ukubukela isenzo socansi esithinta ukuphendula okukhulu kocansi, hhayi ukukhwabanisa kwe-erectile. Imithi yezocansi, i-3 (2), i-90-98. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Ilungu le-Alliance uNicole Prause. Ukudumisa & Pfaus I-2015 kwakungeyona isifundo kumadoda ane-ED. Kwakungeyona isifundo nhlobo. Esikhundleni salokho, uPrause wathi uqoqe idatha ezifundweni zakhe ezine zaphambilini, akekho noyedwa owabhekisisa ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile. Kuyaphazamisa ukuthi leli phepha likaNicole Prause noJim Pfaus lidlulise ukubuyekezwa kontanga, njengoba idatha ephepheni labo ibingafani nedatha ezifundweni ezine eziyisisekelo leli phephandaba elithi lisuselwa kulo. Ukungafani akuzona izikhala ezincane, kepha yimigodi evulekile engakwazi ukuxhumeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, leli phepha lenze izimangalo eziningana ezingamanga noma ezingasekelwa yidatha yazo - njengoba kuchaziwe kulokhu incwadi eya kumhleli wephephabhuku nguRichard A. Isenberg MD (2015) futhi ezimbili ezibanzi zibeka izici: (1) Akukho Okunye Okufakwe KuSifundo Esibucayi: Izihloko Zentsha 'ED Kushiya Okungaqondakali (2015)(2) Ukuchitha impendulo yePrause & Pfaus kuRichard A. Isenberg ("I-Herring Ebomvu: I-Hook, Line, ne-Stinker").

incwadi Dr. Isenberg sika ziyadalulwa Kafishane Alliance: "I-VSS isebenzisa phakathi kwamahora amaningi ahlolwe cishe ukuthi ayithinte kabi ukusebenza kocansi, ngenxa yokuthi izimpendulo empeleni zaqina kulabo ababheka ngaphezulu i-VSS. "

Empeleni, Ukudumisa & Pfaus behlulekile ukuqhathanisa amazinga ahlukahlukene wokufunda lapho:

  1. ezintathu ezahlukene izinhlobo zesimiso socansi zasetshenziselwa izifundo ze-4 ezizansi. Ucwaningo olubili olusetshenziswa ifilimu ye-3-minute, isifundo esisodwa sasebenzisa ifilimu yesibili ye-20, futhi isifundo esisodwa sisetshenziselwa izithombe.
  2. I-1 kuphela yezifundo ezisekelwe ngaphansi kwe-4 esebenzisa i-1 kuya esikalini se-9 (isikali esithathwe yi-Prause). Omunye wasebenzisa i-0 kuya esikalini se-7, omunye usebenzisa i-1 kuya esikalini se-7, futhi isifundo esisodwa asizange sibike ukulinganisa ngokocansi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kokubili uPrause noPfaus babethelwe ngamanga lapho kuxoxwa ukuthi ukulungiswa kwahlolwa kwalebhu, Kodwa iphepha zabo ngokucacile ukuthi, "Akunakho idatha yokuphendula ngokobulili ehlanganisiwe ukuxhaswa okuhlangenwe nakho komuntu okubikiwe."

Ngokufingqiwe, zonke izihloko ezikhishwe ngamagama ezidumisa u-Prause futhi zithi mayelana nokusetshenziswa kocansi okusetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukulungiswa noma ukuvuswa, noma yini enye, engasekelwa ucwaningo lwakhe.

ISutton, KS, Stratton, N., Pytyck, J., Kolla, NJ, & Cantor, JM (2015). PIzici ze-atient ngohlobo lokudluliswa kobungqingili: Ukubuyekezwa kweshadi lamanani wamacala abesilisa alandelanayo ali-115. Ijenali yezocansi nokwelashwa komshado, 41 (6), 563-580. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Ilungu le-Alliance uJacob Cantor: Ukutadisha kwamadoda (isilinganiso seminyaka eyi-41.5) ngokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi, njengama-paraphilias nokushaya indlwabu okungapheli noma ukuphinga. I-27 ihlukaniswe ngokuthi "i-masturbator evimbelayo," okusho ukuthi i-masturbated (ngokuvamile nokusetshenziswa kocansi) amahora owodwa noma ngaphezulu ngosuku noma ngaphezulu kwamahora angu-7 ngesonto. I-71% yalezi zilutha zobulili ezingcolile zabika izinkinga zokusebenza ngocansi, ne-33% kubika ukubika kwe-ejaculation kwephuzile (izingcaphuno ezikuleli khasi).

Yimuphi ukukhubazeka ngokocansi okwenza i-38% yamadoda asele? Ezinye izinqumo ezimbili ezibalulekile ekusebenziseni ubulili besilisa kuyi-ED ne-libido ephansi. Ucwaningo alusho, futhi abalobi baye balahle izicelo zokuthola imininingwane. Ngokuphulwa komthetho ojwayelekile, uJames Cantor wathi ohlwini lwezemfundo-ekhonza (Sexnet) ukuthi akayikukhulula ukuthola okwenziwe. Njengoba ubona, kude nokuphikisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwezidakamizwa zobulili nokusetshenziswa kocansi, lolu cwaningo lunikeza ukusekela okuqinile kakhulu ngoba ukutholakala kwezidakamizwa zobulili ezibangelwa ucansi.

UDe Graaf, H., noWijsen, C. (2017). I-Seksuele igezondheid e-Nederland 2017. Impilo yezocansi eNetherlands 2017. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Analysis: Ayilona iphepha elibukeziwe kontanga futhi hhayi ngesiNgisi. Zama okuhle, i-Alliance.

Isimo Sengqondo Kwabesifazane Isigaba

Okuqukethwe / Eqinisweni: Amaphepha ayi-6 e-Alliance afaka phakathi ukukhethwa kwamakhekhe: (1) ucezu lombono ongahleliwe, (2) alusekeli i-ajenda yabo, (3) engabalulekile njengamakhasethi wevidiyo we-1990, (4-6) basebenzisa izindlela ezingabazekayo ze- "egalitarianism. ” Esinye salezi zifundo ezine sixoxa nababekhona kwi-AVN, kuyilapho owesibili ehlola isigaba esincane se-psychology ngo-1999. Ngokusho, abathathu kwabangu-3 bangamalungu e-Alliance.

Iqiniso liwukuthi cishe cishe yonke inhlolovo yokuhlola ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nokulingana (ukucabanga ngokobulili) ibike ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kocansi kuhlotshaniswa nesimo sengqondo ngabesifazane ababili abakhululekile nabokuzigcina njengengozi enkulu. I-Alliance yashiya zonke izifundo kulolu hlu ngaphezu kokuqukethwe kwe-40 ukuxilongwa kwe-porn ukuze "isimo sengqondo esingafani" kubesifazane kanye nokubukwa kobulili? I-Alliance yashiya zonke izibalo zokuhlaziya noma ukubuyekezwa kwezincwadi ezihlokweni, njengale miphumela ye-2016 yokuhlaziywa kwezifundo ze-135: Imidiya nezocansi: Umbuso woPhando lwezobuciko, i-1995-2015. Umbhalo:

Umgomo walokhu kubuyekezwa kwakungenxa yokwenza umsebenzi wokuhlola uphenyo wemiphumela yokuhlolisisa imidiya. Okugxile ekucwaningweni okushicilelwe ezincwadini zamaphephandaba ezibukezwa kontanga, phakathi kwe-1995 ne-2015. Isamba sezincwadi ze-109 eziqukethe izifundo ze-135 zibuyekezwe. Okutholakele kwahlinzeka ubufakazi obuqinile bokuthi ukuvezwa kokubili kwelabhoratri kanye nokwehliswa kwansuku zonke, okuqukethwe kwansuku zonke kulokhu okuqukethwe kuhlobana ngqo nemiphumela eminingi, kufaka phakathi amazinga aphezulu wokunganeliseki komzimba, gukuvuselela ukuzethemba, ukwesekwa okukhulu kwezinkolelo zobulili kanye nezinkolelo zobulili ezingathandeki, nokubambezeleka okukhulu kobudlova ngokocansi kubantu besifazane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvezwa kokuhlola kwalokhu okuqukethwe kuholela kokubili abesifazane nabesilisa ukuba babe nombono owehlisiwe wokufaneleka kwamakhosikazi, ukuziphatha, kanye nobuntu.

I-Alliance iphinde ishiye lokhu kubuyekezwa kwezincwadi: Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile nezimo zengqondo ezixhasa ubudlova obubhekiswe kwabesifazane: Ukubukeza Ubudlelwano Phakathi Nezifundo Ezihlukile (2010) - Ingcaphuno:

Ukuhlaziywa kwe-meta kwenziwa ukuze kutholakale ukuthi izifundo ezingekho emkhakheni wezwe ziveze ukuthi kukhona ukuhlangana phakathi kwabantu abasebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nezimo zabo zengqondo ezisekela udlame olubhekiswe kwabesifazane. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-meta kwalungisa izinkinga ngokuhlaziywa kwemeta eshicilelwe ngaphambili futhi kwengeze okutholakele okwedlule. Ngokungafani nokuhlaziywa kwe-meta ngaphambilini, imiphumela yamanje ibonise inhlangano ebonakalayo ebalulekile phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nezimo zengqondo ezisekela udlame olubhekiswe kwabesifazane kwizifundo ezingekho emkhakheni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimo sengqondo esinjalo satholakale siqondana kakhulu nokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile zobulili kunokusebenzisa ukusetshenziswa kobulili obungcolile obungcoliley, nakuba ubuhlobo bokugcina babuye bubonakala bubalulekile.

I-Alliance ikushiyile lokhu kuhlaziywa kwemeta - Iminikelo Yobunikazi Bokuxhumana Ngezocansi Emibonweni Yezocansi, Izimo Zontanga Eyaziwayo, Nokuziphatha Kwezicansi: Ukuhlaziywa Kwemeta (2019) - Izingcaphuno:

Ngokubanzi, lokhu kuhlaziywa kwe-meta kubonisa ubudlelwano obuhlala njalo obuqinile phakathi kokusakazwa kwemidiya kanye nokucabanga kocansi nokuziphatha okwenza izinyathelo eziningi zomphumela kanye nemidiya eminingi. Imidiya ibonisa ukuziphatha kocansi njengendlela evame kakhulu, yokuzilibazisa, futhi engenabungozi [3], futhi ukuhlaziywa kwethu kusikisela ukuthi ukwakheka kwesinqumo socansi kombukeli kungabonakala, ngokwengxenye, ngokubuka lezi zinhlobo zokuveza. Izinto esizifunayo zihluke ngokuqondile nokuhlaziywa kwe-meta-edlule, okuphakamisa ukuthi impikiswano yomphakathi ekuziphatheni ngokobulili yayingenangqondo noma ayitholakali [4]. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-meta yangaphambilini kusetshenziswe ubukhulu be-38 ubukhulu futhi bathole ukuthi imidiya "ye-sexy" yayibuthakathaka futhi ihlobene kancane nokuziphatha kocansi (r = .08), kanti i-metaanalysis yamanje isebenzisa izikhathi ezingaphezu kwe-10 inani lemikhiqizo yobukhulu (n = 394) futhi uthole umphumela cishe ophindwe kabili ubukhulu (r = .14).

I-Alliance ibonakala ifinyelela ukubuyekezwa kokubuyekezwa nokuhlaziywa kwemeta, okuyisilinganiso segolide sokuthembeka kwesayensi ngaphandle bubble wabo.

Izifundo ze-Alliance:

UJackson, CA, uBaldwin, A., uBrents, uBG, noMaginn, uPJ (2019). I-EXPO ngokubheka abantu besilisa ngokobulili njengabalingani bezithombe ezingcolile. Forum Forum. i-doi: 10.1111 / socf.12506 Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Ngobukhali? Ukuxoxisana “nama-pornfans” abethamele i-AVN Adult Entertainment Expo kudlulise ukubuyekezwa kontanga? Yini elandelayo, ukuxoxa nabathengi be-bar ukubona ukuthi bayathanda ubhiya? Noma ngabe uthathwe ngokungathi sína, ucwaningo alusitsheli lutho ngemiphumela yokubuka i-porn njengoba ingakuvumelanisi ukusetshenziswa kwe-porn nemikhakha emine. Ngokuphikisana nesifinyezo se-Alliance, inqubo emincane esetshenzisiwe ihlolwe "izindima zobulili," hhayi ubulili noma isimo sengqondo esingesihle. Isibonelo, uHarvey Weinstein uzobanga inani eliphakeme kakhulu kuhlolo lweqhaza labo ngokobulili. Isibonelo esibi ngokwedlulele, noma isiphi isimpimpi esifuna “izinsimbi” zakhe zisebenzele inzuzo yaso singavuma, kepha lokho akuvezi ukuthi lowo ongaziphathi ngokwedlulele enze kabi.

Njengokwezifundo zikaTaylor Kohut ezikhonjiwe lapha, kulula ukubona ukuthi abantu bezenkolo / abalondolozayo bazothola amaphuzu aphansi kunabantu abahlala emhlabeni / abavulekile (abahlanganyeli be-AVN) kulezi zinqubo ezikhethiwe ngokucophelela. Nasi isihluthulelo: izizwe zomhlaba, ezivame ukuba zikhululekile, zinakho amazinga aphezulu kakhulu okusetshenziswa kocansi kunabantu abakholwayo. (ngokucacile, bonke abakwa-AVN kulolu cwaningo basebenzisa i-porn). Ngokukhetha izinqubo ezithile nokungazinaki ezinye iziguquko ezingapheli, Jackson et al. wazi ukuthi abalandeli bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile bazokhipha amaphuzu aphezulu ekuhumulweni kwabo "ukulingana."

McKee, A. (2005). Ukuphikisana kwabesifazane kumavidiyo angcolile e-Australia. I-Journal Research Research, 42 (4), i-277-290. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Ilungu le-alliance u-Alan Mckee. Senziwa yini lesi sifundo lapha? Ukwanda kwamanani okwehla kwamandla emali, njengoba leli phepha lingena lutho ngemiphumela ye-porn kwizimo zababukeli ngabesifazane. Ucwaningo luzikhawulela embonweni ka-Alan McKee ngezinga lokuphikiswa okutholakala kumafilimu e-porn e-Australia kusukela ngawo-1990. Yize kungabalulekile engqikithini yesimangalo esifunwayo, "imiphumela" kaMcKee iyindlela engahambisani nazo zonke ezinye izifundo. Bona i- Isigaba sokubekezela ngezansi, lapho uDeniers efaka khona izifundo ezifanayo, ezingafaneleki, esizibhekene nazo (futhi sinikeze lokho okushiwo yi-Deniers).

UBarak, A., Fisher, WA, Belfry, S., & Lashambe, DR (1999). Si-ex, abafana, ne-cyberpace: Imiphumela yezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi nokwehluka ngakunye ezimeni zamadoda ngabesifazane. Ijenali Yezengqondo Nezocansi Kwabantu, 11 (1), 63-91. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Ilungu le-Alliance uWilliam Fisher (U-Taylor Kohut usebenza ngaphansi kwakhe). Imiphumela yangaphandle evela kusampula elincane elingameleli labafundi be-psychology abafunda kuFisher noma abangaphansi kwakhe. Kungani kungani izifundo zikaFisher noKohut kungukuhluka okwahlukile emthethweni "wobuhlakani bobufakazi"?

UKohut, T., Baer, ​​JL, & Watts, B. (2016). Ingabe izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ngempela 'zenzondo abesifazane'? Abasebenzisi bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile babheka isimo sengqondo sokulingana ngokobulili kunabaningi abasampula baseMelika abamele. I-Journal Sex Research, i-53 (1), i- 1-11. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Ilungu le-Alliance uTaylor Kohut (uWilliam Fisher ungumphathi wakhe). U-Nicole Prause uye waxoxisa lesi sifundo seKhut okungenani izikhathi ezingu-50, ngenkathi I-RealYBOP izithumele izikhathi ezingu-3 ngesonto eledlule! Awukho i-akhawunti njalo i-tweets izifundo noma ukuhlaziywa kwe-meta okuthiwa ngethulo. U-Kohut wakhela kanjani ucwaningo ukuveza imiphumela ephikisana nazo zonke ezinye izifundo ezishicilelwe? Ngu ngokukhetha ngokucophelela imigomo ye "egalitarianism" ngakho-ke, inkolo yenkolo yayiphansi kakhulu kunezizwe zomhlaba. Ake ngichaze.

I-Kohut ifakwe ukulingana aumabhebhanas: (1) Ukusekela ukukhipha isisu, (2) ukuhlonza abesifazane, (3) Abesifazane abaphethe izikhundla zamandla, (4) Ukukholelwa ukuthi impilo yomndeni ihlupheka lapho owesifazane esebenza ngokugcwele, futhi ngokungajwayelekile (5) Ukubamba okuningi izimo ezingezinhle ngomndeni wendabuko. Akunandaba ukuthi yini oyikholelwayo uqobo, kulula ukubona ukuthi abantu benkolo bazothola amaphuzu aphezulu aphansi ku-Taylor Kohut's 5-ingxenye "egalitarianism".

Nasi isihluthulelo: izizwe zomhlaba, ezivame ukuba zikhululekile, zinakho amazinga aphezulu kakhulu okusetshenziswa kocansi kunabantu abakholwayo. Ngokukhetha lezi zici ze-5 nokungazinaki ezinye iziguquguquli ezingapheli, u-Taylor Kohut wayazi ukuthi uzophelela ekusetshenzisweni kobulili (okungaphezu kwamaphakathi omhlaba) okuhambisana nokukhetha okukhethiwe ngokucophelela kwalokho okushiwo "ukulingana"(Ephansi kunabantu abakholwayo). Khona-ke uKohut wakhetha isihloko esiphelele konke. Bona futhi lokhu kuhlaziywa kwe-2015 kuma-Feminist Currents, ngo-Jonah Mix: Ucwaningo olusha uthi abasebenzisi be-porn babe 'nezindlela zokulingana' - ngakho-ke?

I-Kohut website entsha kanye nezihlobo zakhe zama ukuxhaswa imali ukuphakamisa ukuthi kungenzeka abe ne-ajenda. Ukubambisana kukaKohut kuboniswe emfushane nje ebhalwe phansi eKomidi eliPhezulu lezeMpilo ngokuphathelene noMtion M-47 (Canada). Ku-Kohut omfushane kanye nama-coauthors akhe anecala lokukhanda i-cherry-ukukhetha izifundo ezimbalwa eziphambanisayo ngenkathi eveza kabi isimo samanje socwaningo ngemiphumela ye-pornography. Incazelo yabo ephikisayo nenenhlanhla yezifundo zezinzwa ezishicilelwe abasebenzisi bezithombe ezingabonisi babika ngokungangabazeki ngokuthandwa kwabo.

I-Wright, PJ, neTokunaga, RS (2018). Ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi, inkululeko yezocansi, kanye nokwesekwa kokukhipha isisu e-United States: Imiphumela ehlanganisiwe evela ezifundweni ezimbili zephaneli kazwelonke. IMedia Psychology, 21 (1), 75-92. Umbhalo ogcwele

Ukuhlaziywa: Ngokuvumelana namaphepha angenhla, ukusetshenziswa kobulili ezingcolile kwabikezela ukusekelwa okwengeziwe kokukhipha isisu. Njengoba kuchaziwe, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abantu abahlala ezweni / abakhululekile banamanani aphezulu okusetshenziswa kocansi kunabantu abakholwayo / abanolwazi. Ukulungiswa okulindelwe.

U-Attwood, F., & Smith, C. (2010). Ukukhathazeka ngokweqile: Ukulawula 'izithombe ezinobungozi' e-United Kingdom. I-Journal yoMthetho neNhlangano, i-37 (1), i-171-188. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Ukwanda kwamanani entengo. Ayikho idatha, kepha ukufakwa kwayo kunikeza ukuqonda ngokusekelwa kwe-Alliance embonini yezocansi. Lesi siqephu sombono weminyaka engu-9 ngabahleli abathandekayo be-porn aba I-Porn Studies Journal, iphikisana nomthetho wase-UK wezithombe ezingcolile ezithuthukisa ubudlova bobulili.

Isigaba somthetho

Okuqukethwe / Eqinisweni: Ukuthi bekuyini inhloso ye-Alliance ukufaka kuhlu leli qembu lamaphepha ahlukahlukene ukuqagela kwanoma ngubani. Siyakwazi lokho ngo-2016 Udumo luzama ukusunduza ngezansi Winters et al. iphepha njengokufakazela ukuthi "abathandana nobulili obufanayo" babekwazi ukulawula kangcono izikhuthazo ngenkathi bebuka i-porn. Eqinisweni, abasebenzisi be-porn abavame kakhulu be-Winters babejwayele (ukubhoreka) yi-vanilla porn. Lokhu kushintshwa izisekelo imodeli yokulutha izidakamizwa, njengoba kuphakamisa ukubekezelelana noma ukujwayela, njengoba kwenza lokhu Ucwaningo lwe-40 lokubika okutholakele luhambisana nokukhula kokusetshenziswa kocansi (ukubekezela), ukujwayela izithombe ezingcolile, ngisho nezimpawu zokuhoxiswa (zonke izimpawu nezimpawu ezihlobene nokulutha).

Ngaphambilini amazwana UPrause namanye amaDeniers aqambe amanga athi alukho ucwaningo olubike "okunzima ukulawula izikhalazo" noma "ukwehluleka ukulawula ukusetshenziswa yize kunemiphumela emibi". Lawa ngamanga aluhlaza, njengemibuzo eminingi yokuluthwa kocansi nezocansi kubhalwe kulolu daba lokuhlaziya i-Prause ihlolwe ukuthi izifundo zihlukunyezwe yini ukulawula ukusetshenziswa kwazo kocansi noma ukuziphatha kobulili. Lesi simangalo esiphezulu senziwa yizinkulungwane zezifundo ezihlola ukuhlola ukuziphatha okuphoqelekile ngokocansi, iningi lazo eziqashile eyodwa noma ngaphezulu kwalezi zinsimbi zomlutha wezocansi / ucansi. Isici esiyinhloko sokulutha umlutha "kusetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa naphezu kwemiphumela emibi kakhulu." Yingakho kulandela imibuzo ebabuzwa ngayo ngemiphumela emibi ehlobene ne-CSB (izixhumanisi ziya ezifundweni zezazi ze-Google):

  1. Izithombe ezingcolile zobulili eziyinkinga Sebenzisa i-Scale (PPUS),
  2. Ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile (CPC),
  3. Izithombe zobulili ze-Cyber ​​Sebenzisa i-Inventory (CPUI),
  4. Imiphumela Yengqondo Yokwengqondo Nokuziphatha (CBOSB),
  5. Isisindo sokucindezela ngokocansi (SCS),
  6. I-Hypersexual Inventory Inventory (i-HBI),
  7. I-Pornography Ukuthanda Incwadi Yezincwadi (PCQ),
  8. Isixazululo sokuziphatha se-Hypersexual Scale (HBCS)
  9. Ukuxilongwa kwe-Inthanethi ye-Addiction Test-sex (ubulili be-IAT)
  10. I-Pornography Isisindo Isisindo (PPCS)
  11. Izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile Sebenzisa i-Perspective

Ngokungafani namaphepha alliance alandelayo (angahlolisisi "umthethonqubo" wokusetshenziswa kocansi), ukuhlolwa okwenziwe yi-Deniers empeleni kuhlolisise indima yokuzilawula ekugqilazweni kwezocansi noma ukusetshenziswa kobulili obuyinkimbinkimbi. Enye yalezi zifundo: Izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile Sebenzisa i-Perspective Media Attendance (2015). Kusukela esithombeni sesifundo:

Ukuzilawula ngokwanele kuchazwa njengesimo lapho ukuzithiba okuncishisiwe kuncipha khona (iLaRose & Eastin, 2004, ikhasi 363) futhi abantu abasakwazi ukwahlulela izenzo zabo futhi basabele emiphumeleni engahle ivele. Ukusetshenziswa kwemidiya ejwayelekile kungaholela ekuzilawuleni ngokwanele lapho ukwahlulela kanye nezigaba ezizisebenzelayo zokuzilawula zehluleka. Ngokujwayela, amandla okubona nokugcina indlela umuntu aziphethe ngayo ayenziwa buthaka, kanti ngokuzilawula ngendlela engafanele ikhono lokulawula noma lokunqamula ekuziphatheni lenziwa buthaka.

Kusuka kwingxoxo yengxoxo:

Kulolu cwaningo, sazama ukuchaza ukusetshenziswa kobulili ezingcolile kuyi-intanethi ngokusebenzisa uhlaka lokubamba abezindaba. Imodeli yethu iqinisekisa ngokuphumelelayo uhlaka lokubekwa kwemidiya yemidiya yokusetshenziswa kwemithombo enenkinga nge ukuhlola imiphumela yokulawulwa komthetho wokuzilawula kanye nokusebenza komkhuba kanye nezidingo zomphakathi ezigqugquzela abantu ukuthi babheke izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezitholakala enkundleni, ezingabangela imiphumela emibi yokuphila. Imiphumela isekela ukwakheka kwesimodeli futhi ivuselele izihluthulelo eziyinhloko zezindinganiso ze-1, i-2, i-3, i-5, i-6, ne-7: Imithethonqubo yokuzibusa eyanele ebikezelwe imiphumela engalungile eyenzeka ekubukeni izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezise-intanethi; ukuhluleka ukuzimela komuntu siqu futhi kwabikezela ukusetshenziswa kokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuyi-intanethi; Amandla omkhuba ayebikezelwa ukusetshenziswa; izidingo zomphakathi zokusetshenziswa okubikezelwe; ukuhluleka ukuzibamba komthetho ukubikezela izidingo zomphakathi; kanye nezidingo zomphakathi ezenzelwe imiphumela embi.

Njengoba kwabikezelwa, ukulawulwa kokuzilawula okungekho emthethweni kwatholakala ukuthi kuhlobene kahle nemiphumela emibi. Ukuzimela komthetho okungafanelekile kwenzeka ngenxa yokuhluleka kokubheka kanye nezinqubo zokwahlulela zenqubo yokuzilawula. Abantu ababuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ku-intanethi kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho okungekho emthethweni bangase baqhubeke nokuziphatha kuze kube yilapho imigomo ethile ifinyelelwe naphezu kokuvela kwemiphumela emibi.

Azikho kulezi zifundo ezilandelayo ze-Alliance ezisekela okushiwo nguPrause ezungeze okungachazwanga kahle “umthethonqubo“. Uma abakwaDeniers bezama ukuqamba amanga "ukungakwazi ukulawula ukuziphatha ngokobulili naphezu kwemiphumela emibi”Lowo mkhumbi uhambe ngomkhumbi.

Izifundo ze-Alliance:

AbakwaWinters, J., Christoff, K., & Gorzalka, BB (2009). Umthetho wokuqaphela ukuvusa ucansi emadodeni. I-Journal Research Research, 46 (4), i-330-343. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Ilungu le-Alliance uJason Winters. Njengamaphepha angaphambilini ngamalungu e-Alliance, okutholakele nokubhala okuhlobene nakho kusetshenziselwe ukuhlangabezana ne-ajenda. Inhloso yalolu cwaningo bekungukubona ukuthi abesilisa bangakunciphisa yini ukuvusa kwabo ucansi abazibika ngakho ngenkathi bebuka amafilimu ezocansi. Okutholakele okubalulekile: amadoda angcono kakhulu ekucindezeleni ukuvuswa kocansi nawo ayengcono kakhulu ekuzihlekiseni. Amadoda angaphumelelanga ekucindezeleni ukuvuswa kocansi ngokuvamile ayesabeka kunabo bonke abanye. Lokhu okutholakele akuhlangene nakancane nemilutha ye-porn "yokungakwazi ukulawula ukusetshenziswa yize kunemiphumela emibi kakhulu," okuyincazelo "yomthethonqubo"

Inkinga enkulu: Njenge ilungu le-Alliance elisebenza naye u-Štulhofer wachaza, ucwaningo lwe-Winters lwalungalungile njengoba lusetshenziselwa ukulingana ngokocansi (Scal Compulsivity Scale (SCS):

Lokhu kuqhathanisa ngokucacile isiphetho sikaWinters et al. Mayelana nokufakela okukhulu phakathi kwesifiso sobulili obuphezulu kanye nobulili obuhlukumezekile [5]. Esinye isizathu esingaba khona sokuthola okungaqondakali kuyindlela ehlukene esetshenziselwa ukukhombisa ukucwasana ngokobulili kulezi zifundo ezimbili. Isibonelo, esifundweni samanje, imiphumela emibi ephathelene nobulili ihlolwe ngokusebenzisa uhlu oluphelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Winters et al. basebenzisa ukulingana ngokocansi [36], okuphakanyisiwe ukuthi kubehluko phakathi kokucindezela ngokocansi nokuvuleka kokuhlangenwe nakho kobulili nokuhlolwa [4,37].

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isixazululo sokucindezeleka ngokocansi akuyona ukuhlolwa okusemthethweni kokulutha kwezilonda zocansi noma kwabesifazane. Yadalwa ku-1995 futhi yaklanywa ngocansi olungalawulwa ubudlelwane engqondweni (mayelana nokuphenya ngendlala yengculaza). I I-SCS ithi:

"Isilinganiso kufanele sibe [siboniswe?] Ukubikezela izinga lokuziphatha kocansi, izinombolo zocansi abalingani bobulili, ukuziphatha kwezimo ezihlukahlukene zocansi, kanye nemigomo yezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi."

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthuthukisi we-SCS uxwayisa ukuthi leli thuluzi ngeke libonise i-psychopathology kwabesifazane,

"Izinhlangano phakathi kwamanxeba okuphoqeleka ngokobulili kanye nezinye izimpawu ze-psychopathology zabonisa amaphethini ahlukene amadoda nabesifazane; ukuphoqeleka ngokobulili kwahlanganiswa nezinkomba ze-psychopathology kumadoda kodwa hhayi kwabesifazane. "

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abakwaWinters bahlulekile ukukhomba ukuthi yibaphi ababambiqhaza "abayimilutha yezocansi", ngakho-ke ngeke isitshele lutho ngokulutha kocansi. Iphuzu eliyinhloko: Lesi simangalo sonke "somthethonqubo" sincike ekubikezelweni okungasekelwa kokuthi "imilutha yezocansi" kufanele izwe ukuvuka okukhulu kocansi ukubeka izithombe ze-vanilla porn, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ikhono elincane lokulawula ukuvusa kwabo. Kodwa ukubikezela ukuthi abasebenzisi abangcolile abasebenzisa i-porn noma izilutha ababhekana nokuvuswa okukhulu kwe-vanilla porn nesifiso esikhulu sezocansi kuye kwaphindaphindiwe ngamachungechunge amaningana ocwaningo:

  1. Izifundo ezingaphezulu kwe-35 uxhumanisa ukusetshenziswa kocansi ukunciphisa ukuvusa ucansi noma ukuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili nabalingani bobulili.
  2. Ucwaningo lwe-25 ukukhohlisa isimangalo sokuthi ubulili kanye nemilutha yezocansi "banesifiso sobulili esiphakeme".
  3. Ngaphezulu kwesixhumanisi sokuhlola se-70 ukusetshenziswa kocansi nokwaneliseka kocansi okuphansi nobudlelwano.

Kodwa kungani i-Alliance icabanga ukuthi izidakamizwa ezingcolile kufanele zibe "nokuvuka okuphakeme" lapho Prause et al., 2015 kubike ukuthi abasebenzisi abaningi be-porn abavamile babekhona Ngaphansi ukuvuselelwa kobuchopho ku-vanilla porn kunokulawula? Njengoba kunikezwe amaphesenti aphezulu abasebenzisi be-porn ababika ukukhula kwezinto ezimbi kakhulu, impendulo enesizotha kwi-pornology ye-laboratory ngeke imangaze. Eqinisweni, ukutholakala kwe Prause et al. I-2015 ihambisane nayo UKühn noGallinat (2014), okutholile ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kweminye yezocansi okuhlobene nayo Ngaphansi ukuvuselelwa kobuchopho ekuphenduleni izithombe ze-porn ye-vanilla, futhi Banca et al. 2015, okuthole ukujwayela okusheshayo ezithombeni zobulili ezingumlutha wezocansi.

Futhi, akuvamile ukuthi abasebenzisi be-porn abahlala njalo bakhulise ukubekezelelana, okuyisidingo sokukhuthaza okukhulu ukuze kufinyelelwe ezingeni elifanayo lokuvuka. I-Vanilla porn ingaba yisicefe njengoba impendulo yobuchopho enjabulweni incipha. Isimo esifanayo senzeka kubahlukumezi bezidakamizwa abadinga "ukushaywa" okukhulu ukuzuza okuphezulu okufanayo. Ngabasebenzisi be-porn, ukugqugquzela okukhulu kuvame ukutholakala ngokukhuphukela ezinhlotsheni ezintsha noma ezeqisayo ze-porn. A Ucwaningo lwamuva olutholiwe ukuthi ukukhula okunjalo kuvamile kakhulu kubasebenzisi banamuhla be-porn abasebenzisi be-intanethi. I-49% yamadoda ahloliwe ayebukele i-porn ethi "bekungakatholakali ngaphambili kubo noma ukuthi babecabanga njengezinengiso. "

UCreswell, JD, Pacilio, LE, Denson, TF, noSatyshur, M. (2013). Tkusetshenziselwa ukuxhaphazwa okuyisisekelo kocansi ekuphenduleni kwe-cortisol ekucindezelekeni kwengqondo kumadoda. I-Psychosomatic Medicine, i-75 (4), i-397-403. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Ukwanda kwamanani entengo. Leli phepha alihlangene nakancane “nomthethonqubo,” noma imiphumela ye-porn kumbukeli. Kodwa-ke, kwahlanganisa okutholakele okuthakazelisayo futhi kwachazwa ngokunembile yi-Alliance. Kalula nje, ukubuka i-porn kunciphise i-cortisol (kunciphise ukuphendula kwengcindezi) nokusebenza okuthuthukile esivivinyweni sezibalo. Yize ingahambelani nalesi sihloko (noma esinye) sendikimba ye-Alliance, ukufakwa kwayo kudinga ukubekwa kumongo.

Okokuqala, abalobi bathi ukubuka izithombe ezingcolile kuyi "umvuzo oyinhloko". UNicole Prause usho njalo ukuthi ukubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuyinto hhayi umvuzo oyinhloko, futhi lokho Ukushaya indlwabu ekuziphatheni kabi kwezithombe ezingcolile kuyindlela efanayo yokubuka imidlalo yama-puppies. Akumangalisi ukuthi lesi sifundo sishaya izimbobo ezinqumweni zikaPrause.

Okwesibili, ezinye izifundo eziningi lapho izihloko zihlaziya khona ngenkathi kubukela izithombe ezingcolile zibike imiphumela ehlukahlukene ye-hormonal kunaleli phephandaba elikhethiwe. Izibonelo ezimbalwa nje: study1, study2, study3, study4, study5.

Okwesithathu, kuyilapho ukubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kunganciphisa ukucindezeleka okwesikhashana, okungaholela ekuhloleni okungcono ekuvivinyweni kwezibalo, ezinye izifundo eziningi zibika imiphumela engafanele engqondweni kanye neyezemfundo ehlobene nokusetshenziswa kocansi (kokubili okusheshayo nokubaluleke kakhulu, isikhathi eside):

1) Ukuvezwa kwe-Stimuli yezocansi kudonsa ukukhuphula okukhulu okuholela ekubandakanyekeni okuqhubekayo ekukhulekeleni kwe-Cyber ​​phakathi kwamadoda (2017) - Ezifundweni ezimbili ukuvezwa ezintweni ezibukwayo zocansi kuholele ku: 1) isaphulelo esikhulu sokubambezeleka (ukungakwazi ukubambezela ukuzithokozisa), i-2) ukuthambekela okukhulu kokuzibandakanya ebugebengwini be-cyber, 3) ukuthambekela okukhulu kokuthenga izimpahla zomgunyathi nokugenca i-akhawunti yomunye umuntu ku-Facebook. Ukuhlanganiswa ndawonye lokhu kubonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kocansi kwandisa ukungabi namandla futhi kunganciphisa imisebenzi ethile yokuphatha (ukuzithiba, ukwahlulela, imiphumela yokubona kusengaphambili, ukulawula umfutho). Ingcaphuno:

Lokhu kutholakala kunikeza ukuqonda ngesu lokunciphisa ukubandakanyeka kwamadoda ekungcoleni kwe-cyber; okungukuthi, ngokungabikho okuncane kokuzibandakanya kwezocansi nokugqugquzelwa kokuthokoza kokubambezeleka. Imiphumela yamanje iphakamisa ukuthi ukutholakala okuphezulu kwezinto eziphathelene nobulili ku-intanethi kungahle kuhlotshaniswe ngokuhambisana nokuziphatha kwe-cyber-delinquent kwamadoda kunalokho okucatshangwa ngaphambili.

2) Ukuhweba Kamuva Imiklomelo Yenjabulo Yamanje: Izithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Ukuchitha Nokunciphisa Ukudilizwa (2015) - Ukubuka izithombe ezingcolile ezithatha abahlanganyeli, abangeke bakwazi ukuphuza ukuzithokozisa. Lolu cwaningo oluyingqayizivele lwenze nabasebenzisi be-porn ekunciphiseni ukusetshenziswa kwama-porn kumaviki e-3. Ucwaningo lufumene ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kwe-porn causally okuhlobene nokuhluleka okukhulu ukulibazisa ukuzithokozisa (inothi lokuthi ikhono lokulibazisa ukuzithokozisa ngumsebenzi we-prefrontal cortex). Ingcaphuno yocwaningo lokuqala (i-median subject age 20) 'izici zobulili ezingcolile zisebenzisayo ngezikolo zazo emsebenzini wokubambezeleka:

Ukuya ocansini okwedlulele ababambiqhaza abakudlayo, kulapho babona khona ukuthi imivuzo yesikhathi esizayo ibiza kancane kunemivuzo esheshayo, noma ngabe imivuzo yesikhathi esizayo ibifanele ngokweqile ……. Le miphumela ibonisa ukuthi ukuqhubeka nokutholakala kokuthokozisa okusheshayo kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuhlobene nokunciphisa ukuphuza okuphuthumayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

3)  Ukubuka izithombe zobulili kuhlotshaniswa nokuphendula okunciphisayo kokuvusa ukugembula kokulahlekelwa (2018) - Ingcaphuno:

Abantu kufanele baqaphele ukuthi ukuvuswa kocansi kunganciphisa ukunakekelwa kwabo nokuzwela komzimba ekulahlekelweni kwezimali. Ngamanye amazwi, abantu kufanele baqaphele ngokwengeziwe ukulahlekelwa kanye nezinzuzo zezinqumo zemali uma bevuswa ngokocansi.

4) Ingabe ukusetshenziswa komshini kwabafundi ekhaya kuyahambisana nokusebenza kwezibalo esikoleni? (2008) - Ingcaphuno:

Futhi, amakhono abafundi okuqonda kahle ahlanganiswe kahle ekufezeni kwabo ngezibalo. Okokugcina, ukubukela ithelevishini kwaba nobuhlobo obubi nokusebenza kwabafundi. Ikakhulukazi, ukubukela ukwesaba, isenzo, noma Amafilimu ezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ayehlotshaniswa nezikolo zokuhlola eziphansi.

5) Ukucubungula isithombe se-Pornographic kuphazamisa ukusebenza komemori (2013) - Ososayensi baseJalimane bathole ukuthi i-Internet eerotica inganciphisa inkumbulo yokusebenza. Kulolu cwaningo lwezithombe zocansi, abantu abangu-28 abanempilo benza imisebenzi yokukhumbula imemori besebenzisa iqoqo lezithombe ezihlukahlukene ze-4, enye yazo yayingcolile. Abahlanganyeli baphinde balinganisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile mayelana nokuvuswa kobulili nokushaya indlwabu ngaphambi kokuba, futhi ngemuva kwalokho, isethulo sezithombe zobulili ezingcolile. Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi inkumbulo yokusebenza yayibi nakakhulu ngesikhathi ukubukwa kwezingcolile futhi ukuthi ukuvusa okukhulu kwandisa ukungena. Ingcaphuno:

Imiphumela ifaka isandla ekuboneni ukuthi izinkomba zokuvusa ngocansi ngenxa Ukucubungula isithombe sezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuphazamisa ukusebenza komemori. Okutholakele kuxoxwa mayelana nokulutha kocansi e-intanethi ngoba ukukhunjulwa komsebenzi ukuphazamiseka kwezici ezihlobene nokulutha izidakamizwa kuyaziwa ngokusuka kwezidakamizwa.

6) Ama-Interferes Okucubungula Ngesithombe Sobulili Ngokwenza Izinqumo Ngokweqile (2013)- Ucwaningo lithole ukuthi ukubukwa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kwaphazamisa ukwenza izinqumo ngesikhathi sokuhlola okuqinisekisiwe kokuqonda. Lokhu kusikisela ukusetshenziswa kwe-porn kungase kuthinte ukusebenza okuphezulu, okuyisethi yamakhono engqondo okusiza ngemigomo yokuhlangana. Okucaphuno:

Ukusebenza kwezinqumo kwakubi nakakhulu lapho izithombe zobulili zihlotshaniswa nekhadi eliyingozi uma kuqhathaniswa nokusebenza lapho izithombe zobulili zixhunyaniswa nezinsika ezizuzayo. Ukuvusa ukuhlukumezeka ngokocansi kuhlolisisa ubuhlobo phakathi komsebenzi womsebenzi kanye nokusebenza kwezinqumo.Lolu cwaningo lugcizelele ukuthi ukuvuswa kocansi kuphazamise ukuthatha izinqumo, okungase kuchaze ukuthi kungani abanye abantu bebhekana nemiphumela emibi ekuhloleni kokusebenzisa i-inthanethi.

7) I-Arousal, ukusebenza komthamo wememori, nokuthatha izinqumo zocansi emadodeni (2014)- Izingcaphuno:

Lolu cwaningo luhlolisise ukuthi ukusebenza komthamo wememori (WMC) kuhlolisisa ubudlelwane phakathi kokuvuswa kokuphila ngokomzimba nokuthatha isinqumo socansi. Ingqikithi yamadoda we-59 ibheka izithombe ze-20 ezingenasisindo kanye ne-20 ezingavunyelwanga ngokuhlanganyela phakathi komzimba ngesikhathi izibalo zabo zokuvuka komzimba zilotshiwe ngokusebenzisa impendulo yokuziphatha kwesikhumba. Abahlanganyeli baphinde bagcwalisa ukuhlolwa kwe-WMC kanye nomsebenzi wokufaniswa kokudlwengulwa kwesikhashana okufanele bawuthole iphuzu lapho owesilisa wase-Australiya ejwayelekile eyoyeka zonke izinyathelo zobulili ngenxa yokumelana ngomlomo nangokwenyama kumlingani wesifazane.

Ababambiqhaza abavuswe ngokwasemzimbeni futhi bachitha isikhathi esiningi bebuka izithombe zocansi ezingekho emthethweni eziphakanyiswe kakhulu ngemuva kwesikhathi bema amaphuzu omsebenzi we-analogue wokudlwengulwa osukwini. Ngokuhambisana nezibikezelo zethu, ubudlelwano phakathi kokuvuka komzimba kanye nendawo yokumisa eqokiwe bekunamandla kakhulu kubahlanganyeli abanamazinga aphansi e-WMC. Kubahlanganyeli abane-WMC ephezulu, ukuvuswa komzimba bekungahlobene nendawo yokumisa ekhethiwe. Ngakho-ke, ikhono lokusebenza okuphezulu (kanye ne-WMC ikakhulukazi) kubonakala kudlala indima ebalulekile ekulinganiseni izinqumo zamadoda maqondana nokuziphatha okunolaka ngokocansi.

8) Ukuvezwa kwezingane zakudala kwezingane ezincane ezitholakala ku-intanethi: Ubudlelwane bokushicilela isikhathi, ukufunwa kwezinzwa nokusebenza kwezemfundo (2015)- Lesi sifundo esingavamile sesikhathi eside (ngaphezu kwenyanga eyisithupha) sikhombisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kocansi kunciphisa ukusebenza kwezemfundo. Umbhalo:

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziselwa ukukhushulwa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kwe-Inthanethi kwanciphisa ukusebenza kwabafana ekufundeni kwezinyanga eziyisithupha kamuva.

9) Ukuzibandakanya nezithombe zobulili ezingcolile? Ukusebenzisa ngokweqile noma ukunganakwa kwezimo zocansi ze-inthanethi esimweni esiningi sezihlobene nezibonakaliso zokulutha kwe-inthanethi ngocansi (2015) - Izihloko ezinomthelela ophezulu ekubhebhethekeni kocansi zenza imisebenzi engasebenzi kahle (okuyizinto ezingaphansi kwe-prefrontal cortex). Izingcaphuno ezimbalwa:

Siphenya ukuthi ukuthambekela ekubhekaneni nokuxilongwa kwe-inthanethi ku-inthanethi kuhlobene nezinkinga ekusebenziseni ukulawulwa kwengqondo kunesimo se-multitasking esithinta izithombe zobulili ezingcolile. Sasebenzisa i-paradigm ye-multitasking lapho abahlanganyeli babe nomgomo ocacile ukuze basebenze ngokulingana okulinganayo kwezinto ezingahambisani nezithombe zobulili ezingcolile. Sithole ukuthi abahlanganyeli ababika ukuthambekela ekubhekaneni nocansi lwe-inthanethi bahlukumezeka kakhulu kulo mgomo.

10) Imiphumela Yezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Kubafundi Bezikole Eziphezulu, eGhana (2016) - Okucashunwe:

Ucwaningo lwembula ukuthi iningi labafundi lavunywa ukuthi libukele izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ngaphambili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwaqaphela ukuthi iningi labo lavuma ukuthi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zithinta ukusebenza kwabafundi ngokungathandeki ...

11) Ukuvama kanye nesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, ukuthanda nokukhathazeka okungcolile ekusebenzisaneni ngokobulili kwe-Internet (2019)- Izingcaphuno:

Esikhathini sampula yabafundi be-co-ordinator abangaphezu kwe-1,000 yaseShayina, sahlolisisa imodeli yokuthi ukuthanda ukuthanda izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuzosebenza ngokusebenzisa izinyathelo eziningana nezindinganiso zokusetshenziswa kwama-OSA okuholela ekusetshenzisweni okunzima kwama-OSA, futhiyena ngaleso sikhathi wayezoholela ekuzizweleni okungekho emfundweni. Imodeli yethu yayisekelwa kakhulu.

Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi ukuthanda izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile, ukwanda okukhulu nokuphindaphindiwe kokusetshenziswa kwama-OSA, kanye nemizwelo emibi kakhulu yezemfundo yayihlangene nama-OSA anenkinga. Imiphumela ihambelana nalezi zifundo zangaphambilini ezibika izinga eliphezulu lezinkanuko zobulili ezingcolile ngokuhlangana nezinye izilinganiso zezempilo ezimbis.

12) Umbono Wezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Ezifundweni Zezenhlalakahle 'Abafundi eNyuvesi yaseJos, eNigeria (2019) - Ingcaphuno:

Ucwaningo lwasekelwa imibuzo emine yocwaningo yesihlabathi isicathulo sezinguquko ezimbili, umklamo wocwaningo olwamukelwe ukucwaninga kwakuyi-survey yophenyo futhi abantu beyizifundo zonke zomphakathi e-yunivesithi yaseJos enenani lamazinga ka-244 futhi lapho i-180 ikhethiwe ngokukhethiwe isampula yocwaningo. Ucwaningo luveze ukuthi, abafundi abaningi abathintekayo emisebenzini yezithombe zobulili ezingcolile abenzi kahle ezikoleni futhi ezikhathini eziningi baze baqede imisebenzi yabo.

Kungani abaDeniers beyeka lezi zifundo ezingenhla?

UMoholy, M., Prause, N., Proudfit, GH, S. Rahman, A., & Fong, T. (2015). Isifiso sobulili, hhayi ubungqingili, sibikezela ukuzilawula ngokwakho kokuvusa ucansi. Ukwaziwa nokuzizwa, 29 (8), 1505-1516. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Ilungu le-Alliance uNicole Prause. Like Winters et al., 2009 okugxilwe ngenhla, lolu cwaningo alukhohlisi lutho njengoba luhlulekile ukuhlola ukuthi izihloko zinezinkinga zokulawula ukusetshenziswa kwazo kocansi ("umthethonqubo"). Okubaluleke kakhulu, akukho nesifundo esiqale ngokuhlola ukuthi ngubani "noma ngubani owayengeyena" umlutha wezocansi. " Ungayilahla kanjani imodeli yokulutha kabi i-porn uma ungaqali ngokuhlola izifundo ezinobufakazi obucacile (bokuthi ochwepheshe bezidakamizwa bachaza njengokuthi) umlutha?

Lolu cwaningo lwama-Prause luthembele kuye i-CBSOB, okuyinto enemibuzo eningi mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwe-inthanethi ye-inthanethi. Ukubuza kuphela "ngemisebenzi yezocansi," noma uma izihloko zikhathazeka ngemisebenzi yazo (isib. "Ngikhathazekile ukuthi ngikhulelwe," "Nginike umuntu othile we-HIV," "Ngahlangabezana nezinkinga zemali"). Ngakho-ke noma yikuphi ukuhlangana okuphakathi kwamanani ku-CBSOB kanye nekhono lokulawula ukuvusa akufanelekile kuningi porn porn izidakamizwa, abangahlanganyeli ngobulili obuhlukanisiwe.

Njengengcwaningo lwe-Winters ngenhla, lolu cwaningo lubike ukuthi abahlanganyeli be-hornier babe nesikhathi esinzima phansi-ukulawula ukuvusa kwabo ngokocansi ngenkathi bebuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile. Prause et al. ziqinisile: lolu cwaningo luchaza u-Winters, et al., 2009: abantu abanamahloni banesifiso sobulili esiphakeme. (Duh)

Lolu cwaningo luye iphutha elifanayo elibulalayo elibonwe kwezinye izifundo ze-Prause: Abaphenyi bakhethe izifundo ezihluke kakhulu (abesifazane, abesilisa, abesilisa abesilisa nabesifazane, abangafani nobungqingili), kepha babakhombisa zonke izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezijwayelekile, mhlawumbe ezingathandeki. Kalula nje, imiphumela yalolu cwaningo ibincike embonweni wokuthi abesilisa, abesifazane, nabangewona abesilisa nabesifazane abangafani ekuphenduleni kwabo kusethi yezithombe zocansi. Lokhu kucacile hhayi icala.

U-Taylor, K. (2019). I-nosology nesimo sokufanisa: Ababukeli bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile benza kanjani umqondo wokulutha kobulili ezingcolile. Ubulili. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363460719842136 Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Ukwanda kwamanani entengo. Kuyiphepha (hhayi isifundo sangempela) ngomfundi weGrad uKris Taylor. Leli phepha alihlangene nakancane “nomthethonqubo,” noma imiphumela ye-porn, noma okunye okunye. Yisiqephu sesibili sombono esakhiwe ngokufanayo nguTaylor, esiqukethe izingcaphuno ezikhethiwe ezivela emadodeni ekubuyiseleni, ezifakwe nge-psycho-babble. Ngenkathi leli phephandaba lithi limayelana nokwenza umqondo wokuthi "umlutha" wezithombe zocansi, uTaylor akanalo ulwazi lokulutha noma i-neuroscience. Okubaluleke kakhulu, futhi njengabaDeniers, iphepha likaTaylor lashiya konke Ucwaningo lwe-43 lwezinzwa kwabasebenzisi be-porn kanye nezihloko ze-CSB, ngaphandle kwa Prause et al., 2015 (U-Taylor uhluleka ukukhuluma ngalokhu Ama-8 amaphepha abuyekezwe ngontanga athi isifundo se-EEG sikaPrause empeleni izisekelo imodeli yokulutha umlutha). Akumangalisi ukucabangela uKris Taylor's umlando wokuguqulwa kweqiniso ukuze uhambisane ne-ajenda yakhe.

U-Prause no-RealYBOP bavame ukushicilela amaphepha we-2 Taylor, ukuchaza okuqukethwe kwabo, indlela kanye nenani lesayensi. Isibonelo, ngaphansi kukaDavid Ley okuyizinengiso Psychology Today isihloko sibiza amadoda ukuba aphile amaNazi, sinakho I-Prause (ephikisana nebart) yokwenza izitatimende zamanga eziningana mayelana nephepha lokuqala likaKris Taylor {https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/comment/1037481#comment-1037481}, njengokuthi “bekuwukubuyekeza okuhlelekile kokuqukethwe kulawo maforamu,” kuyilapho kwakungelona nhlobo uhlobo. U-Bart uveza ukuthi u-Taylor washo ngokuqondile ukuthi imibono ye-15 ayikhethile (ezigidini ezithunyelwe eminyakeni eyi-8 edlule) ayikwazi ukufundwa "njengomele i-NoFap iyonke." Iqiniso. Nokho uPrause ujabulile ngeziphetho zikaTaylor kanye nenani lazo lokuzulazula kangangokuthi (waphinda) wasebenzisa iziteketiso ze-Wikipedia (ama-sockpuppets) ephula imithetho ye-Wikipedia ukuze afake amaphepha amabili ka-Taylor (akukho kuwo ahlangabezana nemithetho ye-Wikipedia yokufakwa):

Bhala i-Wikipedia yi-Prause sockpuppet:

I-Real Your Brain Porn tweet ngephepha likaTaylor:

yingaboy

Njengoba kushiwo, siyazi okungenani ama-30 amanye ama-sockpuppets Prause asetshenziselwe ukuhlela i-Wikipedia (bona lesi sigaba sohlu lwe-sockpuppet). Abaningi bebelokhu bekhona ehlonziwe futhi evinjelwe nge-Wikipedia.

IHallberg, J., Kaldo, V., Arver, S., Dhejne, C., Jokinen, J., & Öberg, KG (2019). Isifundo Esilawulwa Ngokungahleliwe Sokulashwa Kweqembu Okulawulwa Kokuziphatha Okungahambisani Ne-Hypersexual Disorder Emadodeni. Ijenali yezokwelapha. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Kungani lolu cwaningo lusesigabeni “somthetho”? Ngokuqinisekile akusekeli okushiwo nguPrause okuzungeze “umthethonqubo”. Ngokuphambene nalokho, lezi zihloko kwakuyizidakamizwa ezifuna ukwelashwa ezifuna ukwelashwa:

Isibalo sabantu abakudala besifazane nabesilisa abadala abahlukunyezwa ngokuzibandakanya "ukuziphatha okubi ngokobulili," "ukuziphatha okungahambisani nokuziphatha ngokocansi," noma "ukubheja kobulili" abathintekayo ekuhlanganyeleni ekutadisheni komtholampilo kokungenelela kweqembu.

Isifundo siphikisa okushiwo nguPrause maqondana "nomthethonqubo," njengoba izifundo zabafundi zathola ubunzima bokulawula indlela abaziphatha ngayo kwezocansi:

I-hypersexualality Disorder criteria ihlanganisa ukungakwazi ukulawula imicabango ecansini ngokweqile, ukucabanga, nokuziphatha ngokuphathelene nesimo sengqondo sokucindezeleka nesimo sokucindezeleka futhi kuqinisekiswe emphakathini wemitholampilo.

Umphumela wocwaningo? Ukwelashwa Okuziphatha Okuqondakalayo (CBT) kuholele ekwehleni kokuziphatha kwe-hypersexual (ukungakwazi ukulawula izindlela zokuziphatha zocansi ezingafuneki):

Ukwelashwa kwaholela ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwe-hypersexual kanye nezimpawu zengqondo, okuphakamisa ukuthi uhlelo lwe-CBT lungasebenzisa ukwelashwa kokuqala kwamagciwane ezilungiselelweni zomtholampilo.

Esikhundleni sokusekela amaphuzu wokukhuluma avame ukuphindaphindwa kaPrause, imiphumela isekela (1) ukwehluleka ukulawula indlela yokuziphatha kwezocansi njengophawu olujwayelekile, futhi, (2) imodeli yokulutha. Ngenkathi lolu cwaningo luthi luyisifundo sokuqala esilawulwa ngokungahleliwe esihlola nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kohlelo lwe-CBT lwe-hypersexual
amadoda atholakele, i-CBT ibisetshenziswa kakhulu kwezocansi nakwimilutha yezocansi. Isibonelo, isazi se-Google sisesha "ukusebenza ngocansi okuphoqayo" + "Ukwelashwa kokuziphatha okuqondayo" kubuyisa izinkomba ze-750. Ngokumangalisa, usesho lwe-Google lwe-hypersexual + "I-Therapy Behavioral Therapy" kubuyisa izinkomba ze-1,870.

UBeauregard, M., Lévesque, J., noBourgouin, P. (2001). Ama-Neural correlates wokuzilawula ngokwakho kwemizwa. Ijenali ye-neuroscience. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Ukwanda kwamanani entengo. Kungani lolu cwaningo lusesigabeni “somthetho” (noma esinye isigaba)? Akuhlonzi noma yisiphi isihloko njengomlutha wezocansi noma isihloko se-CSB. Akuhambisani nanoma yisiphi isilinganiso sokulutha kwezocansi noma ukusetshenziswa kocansi nganoma yini, kufaka phakathi "umthethonqubo". Kodwa-ke, kuyaphikisana nokushiwo okuphindaphindiwe kukaPrause ukuthi Ukushaya indlwabu ekuziphatheni kabi kwezithombe ezingcolile kuyindlela efanayo yokubuka imidlalo yama-puppies.

UWilloughby, BJ, Busby, DM, noYoung-Petersen, B. (2018). Ukuqonda ukuhlangana phakathi kwezincazelo zomuntu siqu zezithombe zobulili ezingcolile, ukusebenzisa izithombe zocansi, kanye nokudangala. Ucwaningo Lwezocansi kanye Nenqubomgomo Yezenhlalo, 1-15. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Ukwanda kwamanani entengo. Futhi, kungani lolu cwaningo lusesigabeni "somthethonqubo" (noma kunoma yisiphi isigaba seRealYBOP)? Lapha sethula imish-mash yokutholakele, ethathwe esigabeni "semiphumela" yocwaningo:

Imiphumela iphakamisa izinkinga ezimbalwa ezibalulekile kuzo zombili izazi nabenzi bomgomo. Okokuqala, imiphumela iphakamisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwemibono yezocansi njengezocansi, ukuvunywa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile, nokusetshenziswa kokuqukethwe okunjalo. Kubonakala sengathi labo bantu abangafuni izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ngokuvamile bavame ukungaboni okuqukethwe okunjalo, kuyilapho labo abamukela izithombe zobulili ezingcolile bavame ukufuna okuqukethwe okunjalo.

Imiphumela yocwaningo lwanamuhla lisikisela ukuthi uma abantu bengaboni okuqukethwe kocansi abanemibono engafanele, le-congruence inomthelela omuhle empilweni yengqondo, i-hypothesis 1. Ukuthola okunjalo kuvumelana nezifundiswa zangaphambilini eziye zaphawula ukuthi ukuvumelana phakathi kwamagugu kanye nezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ukubuka ukuziphatha kufanele kube nomthelela omuhle empilweni yengqondo.

imiphumela ekhombisa ukuthi ukusebenzisa okuqukethwe umuntu angakubheki njengezithombe zocansi kuxhunyaniswe nezimpawu zokucindezeleka kakhulu kutholakala inoveli engazange iphakanyiswe ngaphambili yizifundiswa futhi yaphikisana nemibono yethu yokuqala….

Lokhu okungenhla akuhlangene neze nengqikimba echazwe kabi yalesi sigaba.

Efrati, Y. (2018). Nkulunkulu, angikwazi ukuyeka ukucabanga ngocansi! Umphumela wokuvukela ekunciphiseni ukucatshangelwa kwemicabango yocansi phakathi kwentsha yenkolo. I-Journal Sex Research, i-1-10. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Isifinyezo se-Alliance sibonakala sinengqondo: "Ukucindezela ukucabanga" mhlawumbe akuyona indlela engcono kakhulu yokuthi intsha enenkani ilawule imicabango emibi engafuneki. Ucwaningo luqinisekisa into eyaziwa ngokuthi "inqubo eyindida yenqubo," lapho imizamo yamabomu yokunciphisa imicabango ethile empeleni ibenza babe sethubeni lokuvela. Kuhle ukuthi abelaphi bazi.

Lokho kusho ukuthi ukuhlolwa okuphezulu kwezingcingo kubonisa izinga eliphansi lokusetshenziswa kocansi, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswa ukuziphatha kocansi okuphoqelekile, kunabantu benkolo (funda i-1, funda i-2, funda i-3, funda i-4, funda i-5, funda i-6, funda i-7, funda i-8, funda i-9, funda i-10, funda i-11, funda i-12, funda i-13, funda i-14, funda i-15, funda i-16, funda i-17, funda i-18, funda i-19, funda i-20, funda i-21, funda i-22, funda i-23, funda i-24, funda i-25). Ngaphezu kwalokho, cabanga ngezifundo ezimbili zamuva eziphenya ngokuzikholelwa ezenzweni zobulili ezifuna ukwelashwa kanye nezilonda zocansi (1) lokhu Ucwaningo lwe-2016 ekwenzeni izidakamizwa ezingcolile zobulili wathola ukuthi inkolo ayihambisani ngezibonakaliso ezingenayo noma amanothi kumbuzo wemibuzo yokulutha ucansi, (2) lokhu Ucwaningo lwe-2016 ekwenzeni ukwelashwa kobulili obufanayo okutholiwe Akukho buhlobo phakathi kokuzibophezela kwezenkolo kanye namazinga okuzibiza ngokobulili nokuziphatha okuhlobene.

IHesse, C., neFloyd, K. (2019). Ukuthandwa esikhundleni: Umphumela wezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ekuhlotsheni obuseduze. Umbhalo Wezobudlelwane Bomphakathi Nezenhlalo, Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Ababhali kanye ne-Alliance bazama ukucacisa ukuhlangana okuyisisekelo, okuqondile ngqo: Ukusetshenziswa kocansi okuningi kwakuhlobene nokudana okukhulu nesizungu / ukwaneliseka kobuhlobo obuncane nokusondelana. Ingcaphuno:

"Kulolu cwaningo, abantu abadala abangama-357 babike izinga labo lokuncishwa uthando, ukusetshenziswa kwabo kwezithombe zocansi masonto onke, izinhloso zabo zokusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile (kufaka phakathi ukwaneliseka kwempilo nokuncishwa isizungu), kanye nezinkomba zokuphila kwabo ngabanye nangobudlelwano .... Njengoba kwabikezelwa, ukulahlwa ngokweqile nokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kwakuhlobene kakhulu nokwaneliseka kobudlelwane nobudlelwano, kuyilapho kuhloswe ngokuhlobene nesizungu nokucindezeleka."

Ukuhlangana kwangempela kusuka UHesse et al., 2019:

UHesse et al., I-2019 ifakiwe ohlwini lwethu phezu kweziqu ze-70 ezixhumanisa ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ukuze kube nokwaneliseka okuncane kocansi nokuzwana komndeni.

Regnerus, M., Gordon, D., & Inani, J. (2016). Ukubhala ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile eMelika: Ukuhlaziywa okuqhathaniswayo kwezindlela zokwenza izinto. I-Journal of Sex Research, 53 (7), 873-881. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: RealYBOP lizichaza ngokunembile omunye amaphuzu idatha yaleli phephandaba: "sIdatha ye-urvey esuka ku-2014 yembula ukuthi i-46% yamadoda no-16% wabesifazane phakathi kweminyaka yobudala ye-18 ne-39 ebukwa ngeso lengqondo ngesonto elilodwa. Lezi zinombolo ziphakeme kakhulu kunaningi lamanani okuqedela abantu abasebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zemibuto.”Okuxakayo: ngenkathi lokhu kutholakala kusekela isimangalo se-YBOP esinesikhathi eside sithi ukusetshenziswa kocansi kuye kweqa ngenxa ye-intanethi, debunks kubika uDeniers David Ley, uNicole Prause, noPeter Finn, abasho Ley et al., 2014 ukuthi amanani wokusebenzisa i-porn awakhuphukile kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-1970, (Lo kumele ngabe ushiywe ngabahloli be-Alliance-picking picking.)

Uthando Nokusondelana Isigaba

Okuqukethwe / Eqinisweni: Okokuqala, i-Alliance yashiya konke kodwa amabili phezu kweziqu ze-75 ezixhumanisa ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ukuze kube nokwaneliseka okuncane kocansi nokuzwana komndeni. Okwesibili, i-Alliance idukise umfundi ngalezo zici ze-2 (ezitholakala kulolu hlobo): njengoba kokubili ukuxhunywa kobulili kusetshenziswa abampofu Ukwanelisa ubuhlobo noma ukungathembeki okwengeziwe: Maddox, et al., 2011 futhi Miller et al., 2019. Okwesithathu, i-4 yalezi zifundo zabhalwa ngamalungu e-Alliance futhi akekho kubo okubonakalayo. Okwesine, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, i-Alliance ayiphumelelanga ukuthi zonke izifundo ezibandakanya abesilisa ziye zabika ukusetshenziswa okuningi kwe-porn ezixhunyiwe abampofu ukwaneliseka ngokobulili noma ngokobudlelwano (mayelana nezifundo ze-65). Ekugcineni, i-Alliance futhi ayinikezi ukubuyekezwa kwemibhalo noma ukuhlaziywa kwe-meta ukuxhasa isimangalo sabo semithombo yezokuxhumana esithi "akukho miphumela emibi yikhiqizwa evame kakhulu yokusetshenziswa kocansi kubuhlobo. "yingaboy

Ngokwazi kwethu, kushicilelwe imeta-analysis emibili kanye nokubuyekezwa okukodwa, okuphikisana nezimangalo zikaDeniers. I-Alliance ishiye kahle konke okungu-3:

1) Ukusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile nokunethezeka: I-Meta-Analysis (2017) - Lokhu kuhlaziywa kwemitha yezinye izifundo ezihlukahlukene ezihlola ukwaneliseka ngokobulili nokuzwana kunombiko wokuthi ukusetshenziswa kocansi kwakuhambisana nokunciphisa ngokocansi nokwaneliseka kobudlelwane (ukwaneliseka komuntu ngamunye). Ingcaphuno:

Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kwakuhlotshaniswa nemiphumela ephansi yokwaneliseka kwezenhlalo ekuhloleni okulandelana, ukuhlolwa kwe-longitudinal, nokuhlola. Izinhlangano phakathi kokusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile nokunciphisa imiphumela yokwaneliseka komuntu siqu azizange zilinganiswe ngonyaka wazo wokukhululwa noma isimo sabo sokushicilela. Kodwa ukuhlaziywa ngocansi kugxeke imiphumela ebalulekile yamadoda kuphela.

Nakuba izifundo ezimbalwa zibika umphumela omncane wesisindo sabesifazane besifazane ekugculweni kocansi kanye nobuhlobo besifazane, bridge do kubika imiphumela emibi. Lapho uhlola ucwaningo, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi iphesenti elincane labesifazane abahlangene njalo udla izithombe ze-intanethi. Idatha enkulu, emele uhulumeni ayilutho, kodwa i-General Social Survey ibike ukuthi yi-2.6 kuphela yabesifazane base-US kuphela abavakashele "iwebhusayithi yezocansi" ngenyanga edlule. Umbuzo ubuzwe kuphela ku-2002 naku-2004 (bona Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile nomshado, 2014).

2) Imibono yabesifazane mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile zobulili kanye nabangane, ngokobulili, ngokwabo, nangokweneliseka komzimba. (2017) - Izingcaphuno:

Ukuhlaziywa kwe-meta yalezi zincwadi ezenzelwe ukucutshungulwa okwenziwe ngokuyinhloko kusekela ukucabanga ukuthi iningi labesifazane labathinteka kabi ngombono wokuthi umlingani wabo ungumthengi wezithombe zobulili ezingcolile. Ekuhlaziyeni okuyinhloko kufaka phakathi zonke izifundo ezitholakalayo, ukubona abalingani njengabathengi bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile bahlotshaniswa kakhulu nokugculiswa okungathí sina, ngokobulili, nomzimba. Inhlangano yokwaneliseka ngokwabo yayibuye ingalungile. Imiphumela iphinde ikhombise ukuthi ukwaneliseka kwabesifazane kuzokwehla ngokujwayelekile ezincwadini ngokubona ukuthi abalingani babo bachitha izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kaningi.

Ukubona abalingani besilisa njengoba abathengi abengeziwe bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile bekuhlotshaniswa kakhulu nokwaneliseka okungathí sina ngokocansi.

Okokugcina, kungenzeka ukuthi i-bias yokushicilela iyatholakala. Kuthathwe ngokuphelele, imiphumela ayiphakamisanga ukuthi ukukhishwa kwencwadi kuyinkinga enkulu kule ncwadi.

3) Izingcaphuno ezivela ekubuyekezweni kwe-2018 kwezincwadi (Izithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile, Ukuthakazelisa, Nezocansi: KuHedonic Ukuvuselela Isibonelo Sobulili be-Internet Media Media), ukufingqa imiphumela ye-porn ekugculiseni ngokocansi:

Ngokungafani nezizinda eziningi ezixoxwe ngaphambili ezihlobene nokusebenzisa i-intanethi ye-intanethi (i-IPU) nezinhloso, lapho ucwaningo lusalokhu lukhukhumezeka, ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-IPU nokwaneliseka ngokocansi kuye kwafundwa kabanzi, nezincwadi eziningi ezikhuluma ngesihloko. Esikhundleni sokubukeza ngokweqile uhlu lwezinhlolo zokuhlola i-IPU nokwaneliseka ngokocansi, ukutholakala kwalezi zifundo kufingqa kuThebula 1.

Ngokuvamile, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuThebula 1, ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-IPU nokwaneliseka ngokocansi komuntu siqu kuyinkimbinkimbi, kepha kuyahambisana nokucabanga ukuthi i-IP ingakhuthaza izisusa eziningi zocansi ze-hedonic, ikakhulukazi njengoba ukusetshenziswa kwanda. Phakathi kwemibhangqwana, kunokusekelwa okulinganiselwe komqondo wokuthi i-IPU ingakhulisa ukwaneliseka ngokocansi, kepha kuphela uma ifakwa emisebenzini yezocansi ehlukanisiwe. Ezingeni lomuntu ngamunye, kunobufakazi obungaguquguquki bokuthi i-IPU ibikezela ukwaneliseka okuphansi kwezocansi emadodeni, ngemisebenzi enqamulelayo neyesikhathi eside ekhomba ezinhlanganweni zalokhu kusetshenziswa nokwaneliseka okunciphile kwamadoda. Ngokuphathelene nabesifazane, ubufakazi obuhlakazekile bubonisa ukuthi i-IPU ingakhulisa ukwaneliseka ngokocansi, ingabi namthelela ekwanelisekeni, noma inciphise ukwaneliseka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ngaphandle kokutholakele okuxubekile, isiphetho sokungabi namthelela obalulekile we-IPU ekwanelisekeni ngokocansi kwabesifazane ukutholakala okuvame kakhulu. Le miphumela iphinde yaqinisekiswa yi-meta-analysis yakamuva (iWright, iTokunaga, iKraus, neKlann, 2017). Ukubukeza izifundo ze-50 zokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nemiphumela ehlukahlukene yokwaneliseka (isb. Ukwaneliseka kwempilo, ukwaneliseka komuntu siqu, ukwaneliseka ngokobudlelwano, ukwaneliseka ngokocansi), lokhu kuhlaziywa kwe-meta kutholakale ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi (hhayi okuqondene ne-inthanethi) kwakuhlobene njalo nokubikezela ukwaneliseka kwabantu okuguqukayo, kufaka phakathi ukwaneliseka ngokocansi, kepha kwabesilisa kuphela. Akukho okutholakele okuphawulekayo okutholwe ngabesifazane. Ngokubambisana, imiphumela enjalo exubile ivimbela iziphetho ezicacile mayelana nendima ye-IP ekuthonyeni ukwaneliseka kwabesifazane.

Okunye kokutholakele okubaluleke kakhulu kwemisebenzi yakamuva ehlola i-IPU nokwaneliseka kwezocansi ukuthi kubonakala sengathi kunobudlelwano be-curvilinear phakathi kokusetshenziswa nokweneliseka, ukuze ukwaneliseka kwehle kakhulu njengoba i-IPU iba yinsakavukela (isib.Wright, Steffen, & Sun, 2017 ; UWright, uBrigdes, uLanga, u-Ezzell, noJohnson, 2017). Imininingwane yalezi zifundo ikhonjisiwe kuThebula 1. Njengoba kunikezwe ubufakazi obucacile kumasampula amaningi aphesheya, kubonakala kunengqondo ukwamukela isiphetho sokuthi njengoba i-IPU inyuka iye ngaphezu kwesisodwa ngenyanga, ukwaneliseka ngokocansi kuyehla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yize lezi zifundo (Wright, Steffen, et al., 2017; Wright, Bridges et al., 2017) zazinqamulelana, zinikezwe inani lezifundo ezinde (isib, uPeter & Valkenburg, 2009) ezixhumanisa i-IPU nokwehlisa ucansi ukwaneliseka, kunengqondo ukucabanga ukuthi lezi zinhlangano ziyimbangela yendalo. Njengoba i-IPU inyuka, ukwaneliseka kwezocansi phakathi kwabantu kubonakala kwehla, okuhambisana nombango wesimanje wokuthi i-IPU ihlotshaniswa nesisusa socansi se-hedonic nesokugxila kakhulu.

Ukubuyekezwa okungenhla kusho ukuthi imiphumela yokusetshenziswa kobulili ekugculweni kobulili kanye nokwaneliseka kobudlelwane besifazane kuhlanganisiwe. Eqinisweni, kunezifundo eziningi kakhulu ezibika imiphumela emibi: uhlu lwezifundo ze-30 ezingaphezu kwezingcaphuno.

Iya eqinisweni ngamaphepha akhethwe yi-Alliance:

Izifundo ze-Alliance:

I-Balzarini, RN, Dobson, K., Chin, K., & Campbell, L. (2017). Ingabe ukuvezwa kwama-etica kunciphisa ukukhangwa nokuthanda othandana nabo emadodeni? Izimpendulo ezizimele zikaKenrick, Gutierres, ne-Goldberg (1989) isifundo se-2. I-Journal ye-Experimental Psychology Social, i-70, i-191-197. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Ngamalungu angaphansi kuka-William Fisher. Lolu cwaningo lwe-2017 luzama ukuphindaphinda a Ucwaningo lwe-1989 lembula abesilisa nabesifazane ebudlelwaneni obuzibophezele ezithombeni ezivusa inkanuko zobulili obuhlukile. Ucwaningo lwango-1989 lwathola ukuthi amadoda ayevezwa enqunu Playboy amafolda amaphakathi alinganise abalingani bawo njengabakhangayo kangako futhi abika uthando oluncane ngomlingani wakhe. Njengoba i-2017 yehlulekile ukuphindaphinda okutholakele kwe-1989, sitshelwa ngabangaphansi kukaFisher ukuthi ucwaningo lwe-1989 lwenze iphutha, nokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-porn akukwazi ukunciphisa uthando noma isifiso. Hawu! Hhayi ngokushesha okungaka.

Ukuphindaphindiwe "kwehlulekile" ngoba indawo yethu yamasiko isibe "yocansi" esikhathini esincane. Abacwaningi be-2017 abazange baqashe abafundi be-1989 ekolishi abakhula bebuka i-MTV ngemuva kwesikole. Esikhundleni salokho izikhonzi zabo zakhula zifake i-PornHub yezinkampani zamaqembu ezigelekeqe neziqeshana zevidiyo.

Ku-1989 bangaki abafundi bekolishi bebonile ividiyo e-X? Akuningi kakhulu. Bangaki abafundi be-1989 ekolishi abachitha yonke iseshini yokushaya indlwabu, kusukela ekufikeni kwentsha, ukushaya indlwabu kumakhamera amaningi anzima-core ngesikhathi esisodwa? Akukho. Isizathu semiphumela ye-2017 sibonakala: ukuvezwa okufutshane esithombeni esisekhona se-a Playboy I-centralfold iyinhlaya enkulu uma kuqhathaniswa nalokho amadoda asekholeji ku-2017 aye bebuka iminyaka. Ngisho abalobi wavuma ukungafani kokukhiqiza kanye ne-caveat yabo yokuqala:

I-1) Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukukhomba ukuthi isifundo sokuqala sanyatheliswa ku-1989. Ngaleso sikhathi, ukuvezwa kokuqukethwe kocansi kungenzeka ukuthi kwakungatholakali, kodwa namuhla, ukuvezwa kwezithombe ezingcolile kukhulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukuvezwa kwendawo yangasese kungase kungenele ukwenza umphumela wokuphambene obikiwe ekuqaleni. Ngakho-ke, imiphumela yezifundo zamanje zokuphindaphinda zingase zihluke ekutadisheni kwangempela ngenxa yokwehlukana ekuvezeni, ukufinyelela, ngisho nokwamukelwa kwe-eero then kuze kube manje.

Esikhathini esingavamile senkinga yokungabi nabulungiswa ngisho noDenier David Ley wazizwa ephoqelekile ukuveza okusobala:

Kungenzeka ukuthi isiko, abesilisa, nezocansi sezishintshe kakhulu kusukela ngo-1989. Bambalwa abantu abadala kulezi zinsuku abangazibonanga izithombe zobulili ezingcolile noma abesifazane abanqunu — ubunqunu nobulili obuyingcaca buvamile emithonjeni yezindaba ethandwayo, kusukela Game of Thrones ukwenza amakha ezikhangiso, nasezifundazweni eziningi, abesifazane bavunyelwe ukungahambisi phezulu. Ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi abesilisa ocwaningweni lwakamuva bafunde ukuhlanganisa ubunqunu nezocansi abazibona ezithombeni zobulili ezingcolile nakwezemihla ngemihla ngendlela engathinti ukuheha kwabo noma ukuthanda abalingani babo. Mhlawumbe amadoda ocwaningweni luka-1989 ayengathonyiwe kangako ocansini, ubunqunu kanye nezithombe zocansi.

Khumbula ukuthi lokhu kuhlolwa akusho ukusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi ye-intanethi ayikho ukukhangwa kwamadoda abathintekile kubathandi babo. Kusho nje ukuthi ukubheka "izindawo eziphakathi" akunandaba nomthelela kulezi zinsuku. Amadoda amaningi abika ngokukhululekile ukwanda ekukhangeni kubalingani ngemuva kokuyeka izithombe ze-intanethi. Futhi-ke, kukhona ubufakazi be-longitudinal obukhulunywe ngenhla obubonisa imiphumela engalungile yokubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ebuhlotsheni.

Ukuhlola lapho abantu basekolishi abaneminyaka yobudala babheka okumbalwa Playboy ukuhamba phakathi (njengokusesifundweni kuxhunyaniswa nabalobi) angeke akutshele lutho ngemiphumela yomlingani wakho womuntu ngokushaya indlwabu kumavidiyo anzima-core omfisha usuku nosuku ngeminyaka ekugcineni. Izifundo kuphela zobudlelwane ezingakwazi "khombisa ukuthi ukubukela i-porn ngempela izimbangela imiphumela emibi yobudlelwane " yizifundo ze-longitudinal ezilawula ukuguquguquka noma izifundo lapho izihloko zilahla khona ezingcolile. Kuze kube manje kuqhutshwe izifundo eziyisikhombisa zokuxoxisana kwe-longitudinal okwembula imiphumela yempilo yangempela yokusetshenziswa kocansi okuqhubekayo. Zonke kubika ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kocansi kuhlobene nobuhlobo obumpofu / imiphumela yocansi:

  1. Ukuboniswa Kwengane Yobuningi Emibonweni Ye-Internet Eya ocansini ngokobulili Ukuneliseka ngokocansi: Isifundo se-Longitudinal (2009).
  2. Uthando Lungahlali Kuphela: Ukusebenzisa Izithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Nokuzibophezela Okunciphise Kwangxenye Yomuntu Oyedwa (2012).
  3. Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi nobuhlobo bomhlobo: Ukufundwa kwe-longitudinal ngaphakathi kanye naphakathi kwemiphumela yomlingani yokulungiswa, ukwaneliseka ngokocansi kanye nezinto zokuxhumana ze-intanethi ezicacile ngokobulili phakathi kwezintsha ezisanda kutholakala (2015).
  4. Kuze Kuze Kube Nezingcolile Ukuthi Siyingxenye? Imiphumela Longitudinal ye-Pornography Sebenzisa ku-Divorce, (2016).
  5. Ingabe Ukubuka Izithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Kunciphisa Ubuningi Bomshado Ngokuhamba Nesikhathi? Ubufakazi obuvela ku-Longitudinal Data (2016).
  6. Ingabe Abasebenzisa Izithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Kungenzeka Basheshe Bahlangane? Ubufakazi obuvela ku-Longitudinal Data (2017).
  7. I-Pornography Sebenzisa nokuhlukaniswa komshado: Ubufakazi obuvela kuDatha ye-Two-Wave Panel (2017).

Qaphela - abakwaDeniers abahlinzeki ngezifundo ezinde mayelana nokusetshenziswa kocansi kwabantu abadala nokwaneliseka ngokocansi noma ngokobudlelwano.

UGrov, C., Gillespie, BJ, Royce, T., & Lever, J. (2011). Imiphumela ebonwayo yezenzo ezenziwa online zocansi kubudlelwano bobulili obuhlukile: Inhlolovo yase-US online. Izinqolobane Zokuziphatha Ngokobulili, 40 (2), 429-439. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: I-Junk science (nosuku): isifundo ”kusetshenziswa idatha ekhethiwe ocwaningweni lwamagazini i-ELLE lwango-2004. Akukholakali. Kusuka esigabeni sezindlela:

Imininingwane evela kule phrojekthi ithengwe kumagazini i-ELLE ngokususelwa ku-2004 "ELLE / msnbc.com Cyber-Sex and Romance Survey yayo," ucwaningo lukazwelonke olususelwa e-US mayelana nokusetshenziswa kobuso be-Intanethi nabantu abadala (okusho, amawebhusayithi ahlobene nocansi). Ngesikhathi samasonto amabili maphakathi noFebhuwari 2004, bobabili i-ELLE.com ne-smscc.com babambe le nhlolovo kumawebhusayithi abo, yize ama-98% wababambiqhaza aqhamuka kumsbc.com traffic traffic.

Kungenzeka yini ukuthi abalobi basebenzisa lemiphumela evele ekhishwe esidlangalaleni ukudala iphepha elibukezwe kontanga ukuze lisekele i-ajenda? Siphinde satshelwa ukuthi: "Ngokungahambi kahle, ukubuka amawebhusayithi amadala nomlingani ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuvuswa kocansi kwakuhambisana nemiphumela emihle futhi kuhlobene nemiphumela emibi." Njengoba kuchaziwe ngenzansi, iphesenti lamabhangqwana omshado oyedwa abasebenzisa njalo i-porn kunye nomlingani kakhulu kakhulu-mhlawumbe i-1% (ngaphandle kwalabafundi be-ELLE). Isibonelo, idatha evela enkulumweni enkulu kunazo zonke evezwe e-US (General Social Survey) ibike ukuthi kuphela i-2.6% yabesifazane abashadile abavakashele "iwebhusayithi ye-pornographic" ngenyanga edlule. (ukuze ubone okuningi Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile nomshado, 2014).

Ngisho ne-spin evamile, leli phepha lathi:

Imithelela emibi nayo yabonakala, kanti abesifazane bangase babonise ukuthi banesisindo esincane kakhulu ngenxa ye-OSA yomlingani, futhi amadoda angase akhombise ukuthi avuke kakhulu ngokobulili bangempela ngenxa ye-OSA yabo.

Lolu cwaningo lwasobala ukuthi alumeleli. Futhi ayihambisani namazinga noma ukusetshenziswa kocansi (noma ukusetshenziswa kobulili obuyinkimbinkimbi) ngezinyathelo zocansi noma ukwaneliseka kobudlelwane. I-RealYBOP igoqa noma yini noma konke ukubhekana nezifundo eziningi ezithintekayo ezixhumanisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-porn ngekuneliseka okuncane kocansi nokuzwana komndeni. Inhlanhla ngalokhu.

URissel, C., Richters, J., De Visser, RO, McKee, A., Yeung, A., & Caruana, T. (2017). Iphrofayili yabasebenzisi bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile e-Australia: Okutholwe ocwaningweni lwesibili lwase-Australia lwezempilo nobudlelwano. Ijenali yocwaningo locansi, 54 (2), 227-240. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Ilungu le-alliance u-Alan McKee. Ukulandisa izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali - inhlolovo kalizange imiphumela ngokocansi noma ubuhlobo yokusetshenziswa porn, okuyinto isihloko lesi sigaba. Kokubili isifinyezo RealYBOP futhi McKee sika abstract zidukisa ngenhloso. Ngenkathi abakwaDeniers bethi lolu cwaningo lusekela impikiswano yokuthi i-porn ye-Intanethi ayizibangeli ngempela izinkinga ezinkulu. Eqinisweni, i-17% yabesilisa nabesifazane abaneminyaka engu-16-30 babike ukuthi ukusebenzisa izithombe zocansi kube nomthelela omubi kubo (okuyinto enhle kakhulu ngemiphumela "yokuzibona"):

yingaboy

Kunezizathu zokuthatha lezi zihloko nge-okusanhlamvu kasawoti. Qala iziqephu ezimbalwa mayelana nalolu cwaningo:

  1. Lokhu kwakuyinkimbinkimbi emele ukuhlukanisa amaqembu e-16-69, abesilisa nabesifazane. Kuthiwa kahle ukuthi izinsizwa zingabasebenzisi abakhulu be-porn. Ngakho-ke, i-25% yabesilisa kanye ne-60% yabesifazane besingaboni i-porn okungenani kanye ezinyangeni zokugcina ze-12. Ngakho-ke izibalo ziqoqiwe ukunciphisa inkinga ngokuvala abasebenzisi abasengozini.
  2. Umbuzo owodwa, owabuza abahlanganyeli ukuthi ngabe basebenzisa i-pornzoni ezinyangeni zokugcina ze-12, akusho ukuthi kunembile ukulinganisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-porn. Isibonelo, umuntu oye wangena kwisayithi ye-porn pop-up ubhekwa njengewokuhlukile kumuntu oshaya izibuko izikhathi ezingu-3 ngosuku ezingcolile zobulili obunzima.
  3. Kodwa-ke, lapho inhlolovo ibuza labo "ababebuke izithombe zobulili ezingcolile" ababebukele izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ngonyaka odlule, iphesenti eliphezulu kakhulu teen iqembu. U-93.4% wabo abuke ngonyaka odlule, abaneminyaka engu-20-29 ubudala ngemuva kwabo ku-88.6.
  4. Idatha yahlanganiswa phakathi kuka-Okthoba 2012 noNovemba 2013. Izinto zishintshile kakhulu eminyakeni yokugcina ye-4, ngenxa yokungena kwe-smartphone - ikakhulukazi kubasebenzisi abasha.
  5. Imibuzo yacelwa ekuxoxweni kwefoni ngosizo lwekhompuyutha. Kuyinto engokwemvelo ukuthi kube nokuxoxwa okungaziwa kahle, ikakhulukazi uma izingxoxo zikhuluma ngezihloko ezibucayi ezifana nokusetshenziswa kwezingcolile kanye nokulutha kabi kocansi.
  6. Imibuzo isekelwe kuphela ekuziboneleni. Khumbula ukuthi izidakamizwa zivame ukuzibona ziyisidakwa. Eqinisweni, abaningi abasebenzisi be-porn abasebenzisi be-intanethi akungabonakali ukuxhuma izimpawu zabo ekusetshenzisweni kocansi ngaphandle uma beyeka isikhathi eside.
  7. Ucwaningo aluzange lusebenzise imibuzo ejwayelekile (okunikezwa ngokungaziwa), okuzobe kuhlolisise ngokunembile kokubili ukulutha kocansi kanye nemiphumela yocansi kubasebenzisi.

Bheka isiphetho sesifundo (akumangalisi, ngoba livela kuMcKee):

Ukubheka indaba yezocansi kubonakala sengathi kujwayelekile e-Australia, nemiphumela emibi ebikwe abancane.

Kodwa-ke, kwabesilisa nabesifazane abaneminyaka engu-16-30, kunjalo hhayi iyingcosana encane. Ngokusho kweThebula 5 kulolu cwaningo, i-17% yale nkathi yobudala ibike ukuthi ukusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kwaba nemiphumela emibi kubo. (Ngokuphambene, phakathi kwabantu 60-69, kuphela i-7.2% ecabanga ukuthi i-porn ibe nomthelela omubi.)

Yeka ukuthi izihloko ezivela kulolu cwaningo zizohluka kanjani uma abalobi bebegcizelela ukuthi bathola ukuthi i-1 cishe ku-5 abantu abasha bakholelwa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kocansi "kwaba nomphumela omubi kubo"? Kungani bezama ukuphazamisa lokhu kutholakala ngokungayinaki futhi kugxile emiphumeleni engezansi-kunokuba iqembu licindezeleke kakhulu izinkinga ze-intanethi?

Kanti futhi, bambalwa abasebenzisi be-porn abasebenzisi abaqaphela ukuthi i-porn iwachaphazele kanjani kuze kube ngemva kokuyeka ukusebenzisa. Ngokuvamile abasebenzisi bokuqala badinga izinyanga eziningana ukuze baqaphele ngokugcwele imiphumela emibi. Ngakho-ke, isifundo esinjengaleli sinokulinganiselwa okukhulu.

UKohut, T., Balzarini, RN, Fisher, WA, noCampbell, L. (2018). Izinhlangano zobulili ezingcolile zokuxhumana ngokobulili oluvulekile kanye nobuhlobo obuseduze ziyahlukahluka njengokusebenza kwamaphethini e-pornography e-dyadic ngaphakathi kokuhlolisana ngokobulili obuhlukile. I-Journal yezobudlelwane bezenhlalakahle nezomuntu siqu, i-35 (4), i-655-676. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Amalungu e-Alliance u-Taylor Kohut noWilliam Fisher, kanye nazo zonke ezinye izigelekeqe IYunivesithi yaseWestern Ontario. Okufunyenwe: imibhangqwana ebuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ihlangene kakhulu ekukhulumisaneni ngokobulili kunezibhangqwana lapho umuntu ngamunye esebenzisa i-porn kuphela, noma omunye umlingani usebenzisa i-porn yedwa kanti omunye akasebenzisi. Ebusweni kungafundwa sengathi ukusebenzisa i-porn ndawonye kungahle kube kuhle. Kepha njengoba i-Alliance ishesha ukushaya upholi, "ukuhlangana akulingani nesizathu."

Iningi labantu ngabanye libukela i-porn kuphela. Abashadile ababuka njalo izithombe zobulili ezingcolile babonisa ingxenye encane yabantu abasebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile. Idatha evela enkulumweni enkulu emele umphakathi (GSS) kubika ukuthi yi-2.6% kuphela yabesifazane base-US kuphela abavakashele "iwebhusayithi ye-pornography" ngenyanga edlule (umbuzo ubuzwe kuphela ku-2002 naku-2004). Iyini iphesenti lemibhangqwana ezinikele ehlala njalo isebenzisa ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile? Sibuye futhi, sinesihloko kanye neziphetho ezivela kumaphesenti (cishe) amancane abantu abaningi (abahlakaniphile kakhulu).

Maas, MK, Vasilenko, SA, & Willoughby, BJ (2018).Indlela yokusebenzisa izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile kanye nokwaneliseka kobudlelwane phakathi kwabantu abathandanayo nabesilisa nabesifazane: Indima yokuthola izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nokukhathazeka okukhathazayo. I-Journal Sex Research, i-55 (6), i- 772-782. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Isifinyezo se-Alliance sasinembile, kuze kube yilapho siya khona. Eqinisweni, ukuxhumana okuyisisekelo kwembula ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okuningi kocansi kwakuhlobene Ngaphansi ubuhlobo obunelisekile kokubili abesilisa nabesifazane (okungaphezu kwamadoda, okungenzeka ukuthi basebenzisa i-porno njalo):

yingaboy

UKohut, T., Fisher, WA, noCampbell, L. (2017).Imiphumela ebonakalayo yezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kubudlelwane bomshado: Ukutholwa kokuqala kokucwaninga okuphelile, okuhlangenwe nakho, "okuphansi-up". I-Archives yokuziphatha ngokocansi, i-46 (2), i-585-602. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Amalungu e-Alliance u-Taylor Kohut noWilliam Fisher. Lolu cwaningo lwekhwalithi, olungenakho ukuhlangana, ngesinye futhi isibonelo sekhono lomlingo likaKohut lokuklama izifundo eziqoqa izihloko ezifunwayo. Ngabe inhloso yalolu cwaningo (ukuzama) ukuphikisana nalokho Izifundo ezingaphezu kwe-75 ezibonisa ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe ezingcolile zinemiphumela emibi ebuhlotsheni? Izindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zendlela (amaphutha) alolu cwaningo yilezi:umabhebhana

I-1) Isifundo asiqukethe isampula emele. Nakuba ucwaningo oluningi lubonisa ukuthi abambalwa abancane besifazane ebuhlotsheni besikhathi eside basebenzisa i-porn, kulolu cwaningo 95% yabesifazane basebenzise izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ngokwabo. Futhi i-83% yabesifazane basebenzise i-porn kusukela ekuqaleni kobudlelwano (kwezinye izimo iminyaka). Lezo rates ziphakeme kunamadoda asekholeji! Ngamanye amazwi, kubonakala sengathi abacwaningi bahlasele isampula yabo ukuze bakhiqize imiphumela abayifunayo. Iqiniso? Idatha evela ekuhlolweni kwe-United States enkulu kunazo zonke (General Social Survey) ibike ukuthi kuphela i-2.6% yabesifazane abashadile abavakashele "iwebhusayithi yezocansi" ngenyanga eyedlule. Idatha esuka ku-2000 - 2004 (ngokuningi okubonayo Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile nomshado, 2014).

umabhebhana

I-2) Isifundo asihambisani nokusetshenziswa kocansi nanoma yikuphi ukuhluka okuhlola ukwaneliseka ngokobulili noma ngokobudlelwano. Esikhundleni salokho, lolu cwaningo lusetshenziswe imibuzo "evulekile" lapho indaba ingakhuphuka khona mayelana ne-pornography (kwakuyikhwalithi kunokuba isilinganiselwe). Khona-ke, abacwaningi bafunde lezintambo futhi emva kwalokho bebheka ukuthi yiziphi izimpendulo "ezibalulekile," nokuthi bangabanika kanjani (spin?) Ephepheni labo. Bheka Ucwaningo Lwezocansi: Iqiniso Noma Izinganekwane?"Isethulo sevidiyo esichaza iqiniso ngemuva kwezinguquko ze-5 zocwaningo ze-propagandists zisho ukusekela izimangalo zabo zokuthi umlutha wezocansi awukho noma ukuthi ukusebenzisa i-pornza kunenzuzo enkulu (enye yilezifundo zeKohut).

Naphezu kwalezi ziphambeko ezibulalayo futhi naphezu kwemiphumela emibi ebikwe ngabanye isampula yabo, abacwaningi bathi umthelela wezocansi wawunomthelela omkhulu. Empeleni, Izingcaphuno ezivela esifundweni sikaKohut ziveza imibhangqwana eminingi ebika imiphumela emibi emikhulu ehlobene nokusetshenziswa kocansi.

Kubonakala ngathi ukuthi ilebhu kaWilliam Fisher ishicilela izifundo ezingabazekayo noma ezenzelwe ngokucophelela ngomzamo wokudida umphakathi nezintatheli ukuthi zikholelwe ukuthi kunobufakazi obulinganayo obuphikisana nokuncipha kwezifundo ezixhumanisa ukusetshenziswa kocansi nokwaneliseka kwezocansi nobudlelwano. Igama lolu hlobo lwemininingwane engeyona ngamabomu ngu- "agnotology": ukukhiqizwa ngamabomu kwemininingwane engeyona edukisayo yokusetshenziswa komphakathi. Siphakamisa ezikaLinda Hatch I-PsychCentral esihlola i-agnotology emkhakheni wezocansi: “I-Bogus Sex Addiction 'Controversy' kanye namaPurvey of Ingnance."

UStaley, C., noPrause, N. (2013). Imiphumela yokubuka i-Erotica ebuhlotsheni obuseduze nokuhlolwa komuntu siqu / okwenzakwethu. I-Archives yokuziphatha ngokobulili, i-42 (4), i-615-624. Xhumanisa kuwebhu.

Ukuhlaziywa: Ilungu le-Alliance uNicole Prause. Ukubuka izithombe ezingcolile, ukugcoba, bese ufuna ukuphuma, akusilo ukuthola okuphawulekayo. Le "laboratory yokuthola" yi-laboratories engadingeki isitshela lutho ngemiphumela yesikhathi eside yokusetshenziswa kocansi ebuhlotsheni (futhi, phezu kwezinguquko ze-75 - nazo zonke izifundo ezingamadoda - ukuxhumanisa i-porn ekusetshenzisweni kobulili ekucineni kocansi nokuzaneliseka kobudlelwano). Lokhu kuhlolwa kufana nokuhlola imiphumela yotshwala ngokubuza abanikazi bamabha ukuthi bazizwa kamnandi ngemuva kwezinyosi zabo zokuqala. Ngabe lokhu kuhlolwa kwesikhathi esisodwa kusitshela noma yini ngemizwa yabo ngakusasa ekuseni noma ngemiphumela yesikhathi eside yokusebenzisa utshwala okungalapheki? Akumangalisi ukuthi i-Alliance ishiye konke okutholwe nguPrause:

"Ukubukela amafilimu angamahlaya nakho kwafaka imibiko emikhulu yethonya elibi, inecala, nokukhathazeka"

Ithonya elibi lisho imizwelo emibi. I-Alliance ivuliwe.

IMaddox, AM, Rhoades, GK, neMarkman, HJ (2011).Ukubuka izinto ezicacile ngokobulili kuphela noma ndawonye: Izinhlangano nezinhlobo zobungane. I-Archives yokuziphatha ngokocansi, i-40 (2), i-441-448. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Njengakwezinye izifundo ezisohlwini i-Alliance ishiya noma ikuphi okutholakele okungathandeki. Isifinyezo sabo sehlulekile ukudalula ukuthi abantu abangakaze babuke i-porn (SEM) babike (1) “ikhwalithi yobuhlobo obuphakeme kuwo wonke ama-indices kunalabo ababuka i-SEM kuphela,"(2)"amazinga aphansi okungathembeki.”Ingcaphuno:

"Lolu cwaningo luphenye izinhlangano phakathi kokubuka izinto ezibeka obala ezocansi (SEM) nobudlelwano obusebenza kusampula labantu abanga-1291 abangashadile ebudlelwaneni bezothando…. Abantu abangakaze babheke i-SEM babike izinga eliphezulu lobuhlobo kuzo zonke izinhlambandlela kunelabo ababuka i-SEM kuphela. Labo ababheka i-SEM kuphela nabalingani babo babika ukuzinikezela okukhulu nokunethezeka okwenziwe ngokocansi kunelabo ababheka i-SEM kuphela. Umehluko kuphela phakathi kwalabo abangakaze babheke i-SEM nalabo ababebuke kuphela nabalingani babo kwaba yilokho owayengakaze alibheke lalinamanani aphansi okungathembeki. ”

Njengoba iningi labantu ngabanye libukela i-porn kuphela, lokhu kusho imibhangqwana eminingi. Ngesikhathi isifundo sathi imibhangqwana "babhekwa i-SEM kuphela nabalingani babo babikezela ukuzinikezela okukhulu nokugculiswa kocansi okuphakeme", Leli qembu limelela ingxenye encane yabantu abasebenzisa i-porn. Lokhu kusekelwa idatha evela enkulumweni enkulu evelele ezweni (GSS) ebika ukuthi yi-2.6% kuphela yabesifazane base-US abavakashele "iwebhusayithi yezocansi" ngenyanga edlule. Umbuzo ubuzwe kuphela ku-2002 naku-2004 (bona Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile nomshado, 2014). Maddox et al., I-2011 ifakiwe kuhlu lwe-YBOP lwe- phezu kweziqu ze-70 ezixhumanisa ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ukuze kube nokwaneliseka okuncane kocansi nokuzwana komndeni.

Amamodeli wesigaba se-Hypersexuality

Okuqukethwe / Eqinisweni: Kubonakala sengathi wonke amalungu e-Alliance aphikisana nomthelela wokulutha umlutha (amaDeniers amaningana aphikisana nomlutha we-porn, okungavamile ukungahambisani nokucwaninga, ukuhlasela abacwaningi bokulutha umlutha, ukuhlambalaza labo abathi ukulimala kwezocansi kukhona, ukuhlukumeza amadoda ekubuyiseleni). Akunakuphikwa ukuthi amaphepha ambalwa e-Alliance ikakhulukazi angasebenzi aklanyelwe ukukhohlisa izethameli zabo kanye nezintatheli ezingenalwazi. Lokho abakunikelayo akulutho uma kuqhathaniswa nocwaningo olushicilelwe ukusekela ukutholakala komlutha wezocansi.

Okokuqala, ngu “Ukucindezelwa Kokuziphatha Ngokobulili Okuphoqelekile ”futhi ikwi-ICD-11 entsha ye-WHO.  Isichazamazwi esinembe kakhudlwana esithi “Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder” (CSBD) sithathe indawo enkulu “Hypersexuality” ezincwadini. Kokubili i-Hypersexuality kanye ne-Compulsive Behaeve Disorder isebenze njengemigomo eyisambulela yezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuziphatha ezingalawulwa ezaziwa nangokuthi "ukulutha ngokocansi," "ukuluthwa yizocansi," "ukuluthwa ngocansi lwe-inthanethi," njll. Ngokuhambisana netemu elisha, elisebenza kakhulu emhlabeni imanuwali esetshenziswayo yokuxilonga, I-International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), iqukethe ukuxilongwa okusha efaneleka ngocansi noma ukulutha ngokobulili: "Ukucindezeleka Ngokuziphatha Ngokwemvelo. "

Ngokubona ukulutha kokuziphatha nokwakha ukuxilongwa kwesitsha se- ukuziphatha okucindezelayo ngokocansi, i-World Health Organization ihlangana ngokuvumelana ne I-American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM). Ngo-Agasti, ochwepheshe be-2011 America ababhekene nokulutha izidakamizwa e-ASAM bakhululwe ukuchaza incazelo entsha yokulutha.

Okwesibili, i-Alliance yashiya wonke amaphepha asekela imodeli yokulutha:

I-Alliance yashiya ezinye izifundo eziningi ezifanele, ukubuyekezwa, kanye namazwana mayelana nokucwasana ngokocansi. Isibonelo, a Ukusesha kwe-Google Scholar ye "ukuxhasana ngokobulili" kubuyisa ukucaphuna kwe-23,000. Nakuba okuningi okukhulunywe ngakho kubhekisana nokuxhaswa kwezidakamizwa-okubangelwa izidakamizwa noma ukuhlukumeza ngengqondo, okuncane kakhulu kuhambisana nalesi sigaba - futhi ngenhloso yokushiya.

Okwesithathu, ukuphoqelelwa nokungafakwa kuhlanganiswe nemodeli yokulutha: AbakwaNayayers bazama ukubamba iqhaza ngokuqinisa ukuthi "ukuphoqelelwa" kanye "nokungafisi" ngandlela thile izinhlobo ezihlukile zobungqingili, ezihlukile kumodeli yokulutha. Akunjalo njengoba izifundo zokulutha umlutha zibika kaninginingi ukuthi izici zokulutha umlutha zikhona kokubili ukungaziphathi nokucindezela. (Ukusesha kwe-Google Scholar ukulutha umlutha + ukucindezela + ukubuyisela ukubuyiswa kwe-22,000 ukucaphuna.) Nazi izincazelo ezilula ze ukungaziphathi kahle futhi ukuphoqeleka:

  • Ukungaziphathi kahle: Ukusebenza masinyane ngaphandle kokucatshangelwa noma ukuhlela okufanelekile ekuphenduleni isimiso sangaphakathi noma sangaphandle. Isikhundla sokwamukela imivuzo emincane esheshayo ngokunciphisa ukulibaziseka okukhulu futhi ukungakwazi ukuyeka ukuziphatha ngokuzithokozisa uma sekusethiwe.
  • Ukuphoqeleka: Kubhekisela ekuziphatheni okuphindaphindiwe okwenziwe ngokwemithetho ethile noma ngendlela ehlukile. Lezi zindlela zokuziphatha zikhuthazela ngisho nalapho kubhekene nemiphumela emibi.

Izibikezelo, abacwaningi bomlutha ngokuvamile kuwuphawu lokulutha njengoba ithuthuka kusuka ukuphinga ukuziphatha okuthanda injabulo kuya ukuziphatha okuphindiwe okuphindaphindiwe ukugwema ukungakhululeki (njengokubuhlungu kokuhoxiswa). Ngakho, Umlutha uhlanganisa kancane kokubili, kanye nezinye izakhi. Ngakho umehluko phakathi "kobuhle" bokungacabangi nokucindezela njengoba kuhlobene ne-CSBD ayinqunywanga futhi imiswe ngendlela i-Alliance ephakamisa ngayo.

Ngandlela-thile, ukukhathazeka ngezidingo ezihlukene zokwelapha kumodeli ngamunye kubomvu obomvu njengoba i-ICD-11 engavumi noma yikuphi ukwelashwa i-CSBD noma enye ingozi yengqondo noma yomzimba. Lokho kuya kumsebenzi wezempilo. Ephepha lakhe le-2018, "Ukuziphatha kocansi okuphoqelekile: Indlela engenamanga, Ilungu lezisebenzi ze-CSBD uJon Grant MD, MPH, JD (isazi esifanayo uPrause / Klein / Kohut okukhulunywe ngaso ekuqaleni) sathinteka ngokungahambi kahle, ukuxilongwa ngokungafani, ukuhlukunyezwa kanye nokukhethwa kwezifo ezahlukene ezihlobene nokuhlolwa kwesifo se-CSBD. Ngokusobala, uchwepheshe uGrant uthi Ukuziphatha Ngokweqhaza Ngokuzibandakanya Ngokobulili kubizwa nangokuthi "ukulutha ngokobulili" kuleli phepha!

Okwesine: "Akuyona umlutha, kuyimpoqo." Lokhu kusiletha ekuxoxweni 'kokucindezela' kuya 'kokulutha'. Addiction futhi ukunyanzeliswa bobabili imigomo efake ulimi lwethu lwansuku zonke. Njengamagama amaningi asetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile, angasetshenziswa kabi futhi angaqondakali kahle.

Lapho ephikisana nomqondo wokulutha ukuziphatha, ikakhulukazi umlutha wezocansi, abaphikisayo bavame ukubiza ukuthi ukulahla izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuyinto 'yokuphoqelela' hhayi 'ukulutha' ngokweqiniso. Abanye baze bathi imilutha "ifana" ne-Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Uma kuqhubeka ngokucindezelwa ngokuthi 'ukuphoqelela ukusebenzisa i-X' kuhluke kanjani ngokweqile kusuka 'kokulondeka kuya ku-X', ukubuya okuvamile kwalaba bantu abangafundile ukuthi "ukulutha ukuziphatha okuyisimo nje se-OCD." Amanga.

Imigqa eminingi yokucwaninga ibonisa ukuthi izidakamizwa ziyahlukahluka ku-OCD ngezindlela eziningi ezithathayo, kufaka phakathi umehluko wezinzwa. Yingakho i-DSM-5 ne-ICD-11 banezigaba ezihlukene zokuxilonga ukuphazamiseka okuphoqelekile futhi ukuphazamiseka komlutha. Izifundo zishiya ngokungangabazi ukuthi i-CSBD hhayi uhlobo lwe-OCD. Eqinisweni, iphesenti labantu abakwa-CSB abane-OCD eyenza ngokuhlanganyela kuyamangalisa kakhulu. Kusuka Ukucabanga nokuhlola i-Hypersexual Disorder: Ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile kwezincwadi (2016)

Izifo ezibucayi ze-spectrum ziye zacatshangelwa ukuthi zicabange ukucindezelwa ngokocansi (40) ngoba ezinye izifundo zithole abantu abanokuziphatha okubi ngokobulili kuyi-spectrum yokucindezeleka okucindezelayo (OCD). I-OCD yokuziphatha okuphathelene nokuxilongwa ngokobulili ayihambisani nokuqonda ukuhlolwa kwe-DSM-5 (1) ye-OCD, engabandakanyi ukuxilongwa kwalezo zimo lapho abantu abazithokozisa khona. Nakuba imicabango ephuthumayo yohlobo lwe-OCD ivame ukuqukethe okuqukethwe kocansi, ukuphoqwa okuhambisanayo okwenziwe ekuphenduleni izimpikiswano akukwenzelwa injabulo. Abantu abane-OCD babika imizwa yokukhathazeka nokuyihlamba kunokuba babe nesifiso sobulili noma bavuke lapho bebhekene nezimo ezibangela ukuhlukumezeka nokucindezelwa, lapho lokhu kukhishwa nje kuphela ukuze kuqedwe ukungazwakali imicabango evulekile. (I-41)

Kusukela kuloluJuni, isifundo se-2018: Ukubuyekeza kabusha indima yokungafuni ukucindezela nokucindezelwa kwezinkinga zokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi:

Zimbalwa izifundo eziye zahlola ubudlelwane phakathi kokucindezela nobungqingili obufanayo. Phakathi kwamadoda angenayo i-hypersexual disorder disorder [CSBD], ukusabalala kwansuku zonke kwesifo esiphuthumayo-isifo sengqondo esibonakala ngokucindezelwa-amabanga kusuka ku-0% kuya ku-14%.

Ukuqaphela-okungase kuhlotshaniswe nokuziphatha okuphoqelelwe-ezindaweni zokufuna ukwelashwa amadoda anesandulela ngculazi kuye kwatholakala ukuthi iphakanyiswe eqenjini eliqhathaniswayo, kodwa ubungako balo mthelela buthakathaka. Lapho ubudlelwane obuphakathi kwezinga lokuziphatha okuphoqeleka-okuphoqelelwa yi-subscale ye-Structured Clinical Interview ye-DSM-IV (SCID-II) -nani izinga lobulili obufanayo lihlolwe phakathi kwabesilisa abafuna ukwelashwa abane-hypersexual disorder, umkhuba obheke inhlangano enhle, ebuthakathaka itholwe. Ngenxa yesimiso esishiwo ngenhla, ukucindezela kubonakala sengathi kunegalelo elincane kakhulu ekubhekaneni ngokocansi [CSBD].

Kwesinye isifundo, ukuphoqelelwa okujwayelekile okuhloswe ngokubhekene nezithombe zobulili ezingcolile eziyinkimbinkimbi kusetshenziswa phakathi kwamadoda, kubonisa izinhlangano ezinhle kodwa ezibuthakathaka. Uma kucwaningwa kumodeli okuyinkimbinkimbi, ubudlelwane phakathi kokuphoqeleka okuvamile nokusetshenziswa kocansi okuyizinkinga kusetshenziselwa ukuxilongwa ngokobulili nokulutha kwe-intanethi, kanye nokulutha ngokweqile ngokujwayelekile. Ukuhlanganiswa, ubudlelwane obuphakathi kokuphoqeleka nokuxhasana nokucindezela nokusetshenziswa kanzima kubonakala kunobuthakathaka.

Kukhona ingxabano ekhona mayelana nokuthi kungcono kanjani ukucabangela ukuziphatha okubi kocansi (njengokungcola kocansi kanye nokusebenzisa izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile), nezinhlobo zokuncintisana eziphakamisa izigaba njengokucindezeleka kokulawula umfutho, izifo zokucindezeleka ezicindezelayo, noma izidakamizwa zokuziphatha. Ubudlelwane phakathi kwezici zokuguquka komqondo nokungaziphathi kahle kanye nokuziphatha okucindezelayo ngokobulili kufanele kwazise lokho okucatshangwayo, nakuba kokubili ukungahambi kahle nokucindezela kuye kwafakwe izidakamizwa.

Ukuthola ukuthi ukungaziphathi kahle okuhlobene ngokulinganayo nokucanshangelwa kwabantu ngokobulili kuhlinzeka ukwesekwa kokuhlelwa kokucindezeleka kokuziphatha ngokobulili (njengoba kuhlongozwa i-ICD-11; I-World Health Organization njengengcindezi yokulawula ukucindezeleka noma ukukhubazeka kokuziphatha. njengengcindezi yokulawula ukucindezeleka (isb., ukuphazamiseka kokuqhuma komzimba, i-pyromania, ne-kleptomania) kanye nezici eziyinhloko zokucindezeleka kokuziphatha ngokocansi nokucindezeleka okuhlongozwayo ngenxa yokuziphatha okuluthayo (isib. ukugembula kanye nokuphazamiseka kwezemidlalo), tUkwahlukanisa ukucindezeleka kokuziphatha ngokocansi kulesi sigaba sokugcina kubonakala kusekelwa kangcono.

Okwesishiyagalolunye: Zonke izifundo zomzimba nezesifo se-neuropsychological eshicilelwe kubasebenzisi be-porn kanye nabamluthayo (okuvame ukuchazwa ngokuthi yi-CSB) kubika okutholakele okuhambisana nesimiso sokulutha (njengoba kunjalo ngaphezu kwezinguquko ze-40 ezibika ukukhula noma ukubekezela / ukujwayela).

In 2016 UGeorge F. Koob futhi Nora D. Volkow  ishicilele ukubuyekezwa kwawo okuphawulekayo ku I-New England Journal of Medicine: Izinzuzo ze-Neurobiologic ezivela kwi-Brain Disease Model of Addiction. UKoob unguMqondisi weNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), kanti uVolkow ungumqondisi weNational Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). Leli phepha lichaza izinguquko ezinkulu zobuchopho ezihilelekile kokubili izidakamizwa nezidakamizwa zokuziphatha, kuyilapho zichaza esigabeni sokuqala ukuthi izidakamizwa zokuziphatha ngokocansi zikhona:

Siphetha ngokuthi i-neuroscience iyaqhubeka isekela uhlobo lwesifo sobuchopho. Ucwaningo lwe-neuroscience kule ndawo alugcini nje ngokunikeza amathuba amasha okuvimbela nokwelashwa kwezidakamizwa ezidakamizwa kanye nezidakamizwa zokuziphatha ezihlobene (isib. Ekudleni, sex, nokugembula) ....

Iphepha leVolkow neKoob lichaze izinguquko ezine eziyisisekelo ezihlobene nokulutha, okuyi: 1) Ukukwazisa, 2) Ukungahlehlisi, 3) Izijikelezo zokungasebenzi ezingasebenzi (ukungazenzisi), i-4) Uhlelo lokucindezeleka olungasebenzi. Yonke i-4 yalezi zinguquko zobuchopho iye yafundwa phakathi kwezifundo ze-42 zezinto eziphilayo kanye nezinzwa ze-neuropsychological ezifakwe ohlwini leli khasi:

  • Izifundo zokubika ukuzwela (cue-reactivity & cravings) kubasebenzisi be-porn / imilutha yezocansi: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27.
  • Izifundo zokubika ukungafuneki noma ukujwayela (okuholela ekubekezeleni) kubasebenzisi bezithombe zocansi / izidakamizwa zocansi: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8.
  • Izifundo zibika ukusebenza komsebenzi ompofu (ubuzenzisi) noma ishintshwe umsebenzi wokuzithandela kubasebenzisi be-porn / izidakamizwa zocansi: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19.
  • Izifundo ezibonisa a uhlelo lokucindezeleka olungasebenzi kubasebenzisi be-porn / izidakamizwa zocansi: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.

Ukuphazamiseka kobufakazi obukhona obuhambisana ne-CSBD (ubuhlobo bobulili obufanayo) buhambisana nomodeli wokulutha.

Ngena emaphepheni amakhulu e-Alliance angama-Alliance.

Izifundo ze-Alliance:

UKrüger, TH, Schiffer, B., Eikermann, M., Haake, P., Gizewski, E., & Schedlowski, M. (2006). Isilinganiso se-neurochemical serial of cerebrospinal fluid phakathi nomjikelezo womuntu wokwenza ucansi. I-European Journal ye-Neuroscience, i-24 (12), i- 3445-3452. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Senziwa yini lesi sifundo lapha? Ayisekeli noma iphikise imodeli yokulutha. Ingabe kucashunwe ngoba uNicole Prause noDavid Ley benqaba ngokunganqamuki iqhaza eliphambili le-dopamine ekuvukeni kocansi nogqozi? Ngokwesibonelo, I-Prause imemezela ukuthi ukubukela amantombazane ukudlala kuyafana ngokweqile ukushaya indlwabu ku-porn. Ngesikhathi ngokwesayensi ngokweqile, leli phuzu lokukhuluma liphindaphindiwe ngabalandeli, izintatheli kanye namanye amalungu e-Alliance. Mhlawumbe i-Alliance kufanele ixoxe no-Jim Pfaus, onayo ishicilelwe kakhulu ekwenzeni i-dopamine ekuziphatheni ngokobulili. Mhlawumbe kufanele benze isazi seGoogle sesha "i-dopamine yokuvukela ucansi" okwenzeka ukubuyisa izingcaphuno ezingama-48,000. I-athikili elandelayo iyimpendulo yephuzu lokukhuluma elingasekelwa likaPrause: Ukulungisa Ukungezwani Ngokuphathelene Neuroscience Nezinkinga Zokuhlukunyezwa Ngokocansi (2017) nguDon Hilton, MD.

USteele, VR, Staley, C., Fong, T., & Prause, N. (2013). Isifiso sobulili, hhayi ucansi, sihlobene nezimpendulo ze-neurophysiological eziphakanyiswe izithombe zocansi. I-Socioaffective neuroscience & psychology, 3 (1), 20770. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Analysis: Ilungu le-Alliance uNicole Prause. Qaphela: Lolu cwaningo lwe-EEG lungezwe amasonto ama-5 ngemuva kokuthi i-RealYBOP (Prause) idale isigaba se- "Models of Hypersexuality". Kungani iPrause ilinde isikhathi eside ukuze ithumele isifundo sakhe esidumile kakhulu? Ngoba kusungulwe ukuthi:

  1. Ukuncenga kuveza okungalungile okutholakele emphakathini
  2. Ukuthola okwenziwe kwangempela Steele et al., I-2013 isekela imodeli yokulutha
  3. Lolu cwaningo lwe-2013 ye-EEG lwangempela nje yingxenye yokuqala Prause et al., 2015
  4. Steele et al., I-2013 ayinaso iqembu lokulawula ukuqhathanisa
  5. Phezulu, Steele et al. kubike ukuthi ukutholwa kuyaphambene nalokho Prause et al., I-2015 (enye idinga ukuvuselelwa kobuchopho obuphakeme, omunye uthi ukuvuselelwa kobuchopho obuphansi)

Uma ufuna ukufunda umbono wesazi sangempela ku Steele et al. - nokudlala umdlalo, bona leli khasi eliqukethe izibuyekezo eziyi-8 ezibuyekezwe ontanga eziveza iqiniso: Izibukezo ezibuyekezwa kontanga Steele et al., 2013. Bona futhi - A critique of "Steele et al., I-2013 ": ukutholakala kwangempela kusekela imodeli yokulutha izidakamizwa.

Okuncane mayelana noPrause isifundo esidumile: Ngo-March 6th, 2013 David Ley kanye nomkhulumeli Nicole Prause bahlanganyele ukubhala a Psychology Today okuthunyelwe kwebhulogi mayelana Steele et al., I-2013 ebizwa ngokuthi "Ubuchopho bakho ku-Porn - AWUKHAYELI". Isihloko sayo se-oh-so-catchy sidukisa njengoba singenalo lutho Ubuchopho bakho ku-Porn noma i-neuroscience evezwe lapho. Kunalokho, ngo-March ka-David Ley, ukuthunyelwa kwe-blog ye-2013 kuzinciphisa ngokwayo isifundo esisodwa se-EEG esingalungile - Steele et al., 2013.

Ukuthunyelwe kwebhulogi kaLey kuvele 5 izinyanga ngaphambi Ucwaningo lwe-EEG lwe-Prause lwanyatheliswa ngokusemthethweni. Ngemva kwenyanga (ngo-Ephreli 10th) Psychology Today Abahleli bashicilelwe ukuthunyelwa kwebhulogi kaLey ngenxa yezingxabano ezizungezile izimangalo zayo ezingazange ziqinisekiswe kanye nokwenqaba kukaPrause ukunikeza isifundo sakhe esingashicilelwe kunoma ubani omunye. Usuku Steele et al., futhi umshini waso wokuxhumana ohlangene wanda emphakathini, uLey waphinde wakushicilela okuthunyelwe kwebhulogi yakhe. ULey ushintshe usuku lokuthunyelwe kwakhe kubhulogi lwaba ngoJulayi 25 2013, wagcina evala imibono.

Umkhankaso we-PR okhishwe ngokucophelela we-PR wabangele ukusabalaliswa kwezindaba emhlabeni jikelele nazo zonke izihloko ezithi ukulutha kobulili kwakunqatshelwe (!). Ngaphakathi Izingxoxo ze-TV futhi in the Ukukhishwa kwe-UCLA UNicole Prause wenza isimangalo esisodwa esingasese mayelana nesifundo sakhe se-EEG:

  1. Ubuchopho bezinhloko abuzange buphendule njengamanye amlutha.
  2. Ukuxilonga ngokocansi (ukulutha kocansi) kuqondwa kangcono ngokuthi "isifiso esiphakeme."

Ayikho yalezi zinto ezitholakalayo empeleni Steele et al. I-2013. Eqinisweni, lolu cwaningo lwabika okuphambene nalokho okushiwo uNicole Prause. Ini Steele et al., I-2013 empeleni yathi "ukutholakala kobuchopho" bayo:

"Ukuphakama kwe-P300 yesimiso esimnandi-ngokobulili kwakungcono kakhulu kunezimo ezingathandeki, nezijabulisayo-ezingekho ngokobulili"

Ukuhumusha: Abasebenzisi be-Porn abavamile babenomqondo omkhulu-ukucubungula (ukufundwa kwe-EEG ephakeme) ukuveza izithombe zobulili ezicacile ezihlobene nezithombe ezingathathi hlangothi. Lokhu kufana nalokho okwenzekayo lapho izidakamizwa ezidakamizwa zivezwa ezihlobene nezici zabo Ukuba umlutha wezithombe.

Ini Steele et al., I-2013 empeleni yathi "izifiso zayo zocansi":

"Ukungezwani okukhulu kwe-P300 ukulinganisa okwenziwe ngokocansi, okuhlobene nokungahambisani nokungathandanga, kwakungathandeki kakhulu ezinyathelweni zesifiso socansi, kodwa akuhlobene nokulingana kobulili obufanayo."

Ukuhumusha: Ngokungafanele kusho isifiso esiphansi. Abantu abanokuqaphela okukhulu-ukusebenzisana ne-porn babe nesifiso esincane sokulala nobuhlobo (kodwa hhayi isifiso esincane sokushaya indlwabu). Ukubeka enye indlela - abantu abane-activation yobuchopho kanye nezintshisekelo ze-porn ezithandwa ukushaya indlwabu kunecansi kunokuba abe nobulili nomuntu wangempela.

Konke lokhu kokubili Steele et al. okutholakele kubonisa ukuthi umsebenzi obuningi obuchopho obuningi (izithombe ezingcolile), kodwa ukuphindaphinda okuncane kumvuzo wemvelo (ubulili nomuntu). Zombili lezi zibonakaliso zokulutha umlutha, okubonisa kokubili ukuzwela kanye nokwehlisa amandla. Ukuphawula ngaphansi kwe Psychology Today interview of Prause, kusho uprofesa ophezulu wezepolitiki uJohn A. Johnson:

"Ingqondo yami isabisa ekumangaliseni ukuthi izibongo zabafundi bakhe azizange ziphendule ezithombeni zobulili ezinjengezokwelapha izidakamizwa ziphendula izidakamizwa zabo, ngenxa yokuthi zibika ukuphakama okuphezulu kwe-P300 kwezithombe zocansi. Njengabalutha ababonisa ama-spikes we-P300 uma bethulwe ngezidakamizwa zabo zokuzikhethela. Wayengenza kanjani isiphetho esihlukile emiphumeleni yangempela?

UJohane Johnson uyaqhubeka:

I-Mustanski iyabuza, "Iyini injongo yocwaningo?" Futhi uPrause uyaphendula, "Ucwaningo lwethu luvivinywe ukuthi ngabe abantu ababika izinkinga ezinjalo [izinkinga zokulawula ukubuka kwabo kwe-eerotic online] kubonakala sengathi bangamanye amilutha ezimpendulo zabo zobuchopho ezithombeni zobulili."

Kodwa isifundo asizange siqhathanise ukuqoshwa kobuchopho kubantu abanenkinga eqondisa ukubuka kwabo kwe-eerotic inthanethi ekuqopheni kobuchopho ezilutha izidakamizwa kanye nokuqoshwa kobuchopho kusuka eqenjini lokulawulwa elingelona umlutha, okungaba yindlela ecacile yokubona ukuthi ubuchopho buphendula kanjani kulabo abakhathazekile iqembu libukeka njengezimpendulo zobuchopho zezidakamizwa noma ezingekho izilingo… ..

Ngakho leli qembu elibika ukuthi kunenkathazo elawula ukubuka kwabo kwe-eerotic e-intanethi kunempendulo e-EEG enamandla kunezithombe ezibucayi kunezinye izinhlobo zezithombe. Ingabe izidakamizwa zibonisa impendulo efana ne-EEG lapho ihanjiswa izidakamizwa ezizikhethelayo? Asazi. Ingabe okuvamile, okungewona umlutha kubonisa impendulo eqinile njengeqembu elikhathazekile ukuya e-etica? Futhi, asazi. Asazi ukuthi leli phethini le-EEG lifana yini namaphethini obuchopho bomlutha noma abangewona umlutha.

Ithimba lezokucwaninga le-Prause lithi liyakwazi ukukhombisa ukuthi impendulo ephakeme ye-EEG yezifundo zabo ekutheni i-orotica iphendule umqondo wengqondo noma i-high-libido impendulo yengqondo ngokuhlobanisa iqoqo lezinombolo zamaphephandaba ngezimpikiswano ezihlukene ekuphenduleni kwe-EEG. Kodwa ukuchaza umehluko ekuphenduleni kwe-EEG umbuzo ohlukile ekuhloleni ukuthi impendulo yeqembu lonke ibheka ukulutha noma cha.

Ngaphandle kwezicelo eziningi ezingasekelwa kumaphephandaba, kuphazamisa lokho Steele et al., I-2013 yadlula ukubuyekezwa kontanga, njengoba ihlushwa amaphutha amakhulu e-formology: 1) izifundo ayingqayizivele (abesilisa, abesifazane, abangewona abesilisa nabesifazane); Izihloko ze-2) zikhona hhayi ukuhlolwa kwezifo zengqondo noma izidakamizwa; I-3) isifundo akukho iqembu lokulawula lokuqhathanisa; Imibuzo ye-4) akuqinisekisiwe ukusetshenziswa kwe-porn noma ukulutha kocansi.

Ingcaphuno yamuva kakhulu amaphepha abuyekezwe ngohlobo lwe-8 ukuveza iqiniso mayelana nezifundo ze-Prause EEG: Ukubheja Okubhebhetheka Ku-Inthanethi: Okuthi Siyazi Nalokho Esingazikho-Ukubuyekezwa Okuhlelekile (i-2019)

Ubufakazi balesi sigameko se-neural esibonakalisa isifiso ikakhulukazi kuvelele kwi-correx ye-prefrontal [101] kanye ne-amygdala [102,103], njengobufakazi bokukhuthaza. Ukusebenza kulezi zifunda zobuchopho kukhumbuza umvuzo wezezimali [104] futhi ingase ithwale umthelela ofanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezifundo eziphakeme ze-EEG kulaba basebenzisi, kanye nesifiso esinciphile sokulala nomlingani, kodwa hhayi ngokushaya indlwabu ezithombeni ezingcolile [105], into eveza futhi umehluko ekukhwalweni kwekhwalithi [8]. Lokhu kungabhekwa njengesibonakaliso sokungafuneki.

Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lukaSteele luqukethe amaphutha amaningi ezindlela okufanele acatshangelwe (ngokwehlukahlukana ngokwezihloko, ukungabikho kokuhlolwa kokuphazamiseka kwengqondo noma ukuluthwa, ukungabikho kweqembu elilawulayo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemibuzo engagunyaziwe ukusetshenziswa kocansi) [106]. Ucwaningo olwenziwa nguPrause [107], ngalesi sikhathi neqembu lokulawula, liphinde laphindaphinda lezi zithole. Indima yokuqamba kabusha kanye nokulangazelela ekuthuthukiseni ukubheja kocansi nge-inthanethi kuye kwaqiniswa ngokulingana ngokobulili obuhlukile [108] namasampuli wesilisa ongqingili [109].

Ukuhlaziywa okungenhla, njengabanye, kubonisa ukuthi i-Prause ibonisa ngokungafanele ukutholakala kwayo kumaphephandaba. Njengoba okubhalwe kulesi sigaba, ulwazi olungelona iqiniso nokumelelwa kabi kuhambisana nenkambo.

IBers, LJ, Menzies, KS, & O'Grady, WL (2004). Umthelela wokuguquguquka kwamakhompiyutha ekubukeni nasekuthumeleni izinto ezibeka obala ezocansi kwi-Intanethi: ukuhlola i-Cooper's "Triple-A Engine". ICanadaan Journal of Human Sexuality, 13 (3/4), 157. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Analysis: I-Citation inflation njengoba leli phepha lingathinteki "ngamanothi e-sexism". Esikhundleni salokho, i-RealYBOP ifinyelela emuva ku-2003, ukuthola ukutadisha kwangaphandle (ngendlela enokungaqondakali) ephakamise ukuthi ukuqaliswa kwe-intanethi kungathonya kancane endleleni esidla ngayo i-porno. I-Laughable futhi ayihambisani nanoma yiliphi elinye iphepha elishicilelwe kusukela. Mhlawumbe i-RealYBOP kufanele ifunde lokhu Iphepha le-2018 ngumbuthano obambisana naye uJoshua Grubbs, owathi:

Hedonic Reinforcement

Esikhathini sesibili salo modeli, sibeka ukuthi i-IP (i-internet porn) isebenza njengenhloso yokuqinisa i-hedonic izisusa zobulili. Nakuba umsebenzi wobulili wanoma yiluphi uhlobo lungase lujabulise ngezinga elithile, i-IP inikeza ithuba lokuhlanganisa inkulumo ethize, elula etholakala kalula, kanye nomvuzo osheshayo ngendlela evulekayo futhi evuzayo kakhulu (isib. Gola et al., I-2016). Imisebenzi eminingi ethandwayo, engezona ezobuciko iye yasikisela okuningi (isib. Foubert, 2016; Wilson, 2014; Struthers, 2009). Ukwengeza, ukubuyekezwa okulinganiselwe kuye kwacubungula kungenzeka ukuthi i-IP imelela ukuvuselelwa okungavamile (isib. Barrett, 2010; u-Hilton, i-2013; i-Grinde, i-2002) esimweni sokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Kodwa-ke, kuze kube manje, akubanga khona ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile okuhlola ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zimele umvuzo we-hedonic onamandla kakhulu. Ezigabeni ezilandelayo, sibukeza ubufakazi balesi sinyathelo sesibili….

Ukufinyeleleka kwe-IP

Kubantu abaningi, imivuzo etholwe ngokushesha futhi kalula ivame ukulinganiswa njengokuncamela ukubambezeleka kwemiklomelo, noma ngabe leyo mibono ebambezelekile ingaba ngcono ngokusobala (isb. Ukuzithokozisa okubambezelekile, ukubambezeleka kwesaphulelo; iBickel & Marsch, 2001). Le yingxenye eyodwa yalokho okwenza izinto eziningi ezenza ubumnandi, izinto ezisebenza ngengqondo zenze umkhuba (isb. IBickel neMarsch, 2001): Yize ezinye izinto zingaba nomthelela kumaphethini wokuziphatha okuluthayo (isb., Ukuncika komzimba, ukuthambekela kofuzo), ukuhlangana phakathi kwesikhuthazi futhi umvuzo osheshayo ungaba umkhuba. Ukwakha phezu kwalokhu, umsebenzi wangaphambilini wethiyori uphikise ngokuthi ubuciko obusheshayo be-inthanethi jikelele buveza imivuzo yokuziphatha kwe-inthanethi ngezinga elingakaze libonwe ngezinye izinto ezingezona ezamakhemikhali (UDavis, 2001).

Kusukela ekuqaleni, ucwaningo lwe-IP luye lwagcizelela kaninginingi isimo esisheshayo semvelo eku-inthanethi njengokumela ukulungiswa okusha futhi okungaba yinkinga esimweni esijwayelekile sokuvuza semidiya yezocansi ecacisa ngokujwayelekile (Cooper et al., 1998; Schwartz & Southern, 2000). Nakuba ukuhlanganyela ngokocansi okuhlukanisiwe kudinga umzamo womphakathi kanti kanti imidiya evamile, ephrintiwe noma eqoshiwe yocansi idinga okungenani umzamo kanye nezindleko zokuthola (isibonelo, ukushayela nokusebenzisa imali yeshashalazi yabantu abadala noma esitolo), i-IP iyashesha futhi isheshe ifinyelele, inikeze kunenzuzo njengesiqiniseko esifanayo sokuziphatha okuqondene nokwanelisa isifiso socansi nokushayela.

I-IP cishe imelela indlela elula yokuthola ukuzithokozisa ngokocansi okungakaze kwenzeke ngaphambili kumongo wokuziphendukela kwabantu. Esifundweni sekhwalithi esibuyekeziwe sangaphambilini (URothman et al., 2015) wentsha yangaphakathi nedolobha, isihloko esiyinhloko esihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kwakuwukutholakala nokulula kokufinyelela. Ngokwengeziwe, ngaphakathi kwesampula efanayo, kwakukhona nemibiko yokusebenzisa i-IP, ngokwengxenye, ngenxa yokukhululeka lapho i-IPU yanelisa khona izifiso zocansi noma ukuqeda ukungezwani kwezocansi. I-IP ibivele ilula ukuyisebenzisa, okunikele ekusebenziseni amaphethini.

Ngokufanayo, esifundweni sekhwalithi (Löfgren-Mårtenson & Månsson, 2010), yentsha yaseSweden (N= 73; 49% wesilisa; I-Xange-14), i-IPU ichazwe njengendlela elula futhi elula yokuthola injabulo yocansi nokukhulula ukuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili. Ngokubodwa, lezi zithole zinikeza ukusekelwa kwesiphetho sokuthi esinye sezici eziyingqayizivele ze-intanethi yikhono layo lokuvuza ngokushesha ukushayela ucansi nesifiso.

Izibuyekezo zakamuva zakamuva ezikhuluma ngezakhiwo eziyingqayizivele ze-inthanethi ye-inthanethi (uyazi, kusukela ekufikeni kwe-broadband, amashubhu we-porn, ama-smartphones, i-VR-porn, njll)

UVarfi, N., Rothen, S., Jasiowka, K., Lepers, T., Bianchi-Demichelli, F., & Khazaal, Y. Isitayela sokunamathisela, ukungabi nesisindo, isifiso sobulili, imizwa, nokuxilonga ngocansi kwe-Cyber. Umbhalo ogcwele

Analysis: Awuqinisekile ukuthi kungani uPrause efakwe kuhlu kuleli phepha. Ngandlela-thile imiphumela "ayikhohlisi" imodeli yokulutha. Kungathandelwa ngoba ithi isifiso sobulili kuyinto ehlukile ehlobene nokulutha kocansi lwe-inthanethi - kanti uLey noPrause bavame ukuthi ukulutha kabi kocansi kuyisifiso sobulili esiphakeme kuphela. Njengoba kushiwo kwenye indawo, Izifundo ezingaphezu kwe-25 zikhohlisa isimangalo sokuthi ubulili nemilutha yezocansi "banesifiso sobulili esiphakeme kuphela", kufaka phakathi isifundo esibi kakhulu sikaPrause - Steele et al., 2013.

Lokho kusho, isifiso sobulili sasikhona ekugcineni ohlwini yezinto eziguquguqukayo ezihlobene nokulutha kwe-inthanethi ngocansi:

Njengoba kubonisiwe Ithebula 3 (ama-coefficients ajwayelekile), imiphumela iphakamisa ukuthi ithonya elibaluleke kakhulu ezikoleni ze-CIUS yizimo ezicindezelayo, kulandelwa isitayela sokulinda, ubulili besilisa nesifiso socansi.

Okushiwo kwenye indawo, sinayo isibalo esingaxazululeki sokubhuqa "isifiso sobulili" sangempela "kusuka ezifisweni zokusebenzisa": Bobabili bahilelekile ngaphansi kwesisekelo sezinzwa futhi bahlolwa ngemibuzo efanayo. Uma othile ephendula u-yebo ukuthi ufuna ukushaya indlwabu yocansi kuyisifiso esiphakeme, noma ukuthanda ukusebenzisa, noma ukucabanga okufisayo komfana osemusha?

Fuss, J., Briken, P., Stein, DJ, & Lochner, C. (2019). Kuphoqeleke ngokobulili nokuziphatha disorder kahle esilawulayo-kuphoqeleke: Lizinga futhi comorbidity ehambisana. Ijenali yokulutha kokuziphatha, i-1-7. Umbhalo ogcwele

Ukuhlaziywa: I-Alliance ihlukumeza ukufundwa kwamanga kanye namanga ngalokho okushiwo empeleni. Lapha, sinikeza amagama abalobi bezobuchwepheshe, hhayi izakhiwo. Ukuphikisana noDenier ovamile ukuthi ukubheja ngokocansi kuyindlela nje ye-OCD, isifundo sabike amazinga afanayo we-Compulsive disorder behavior disorder (CSBD) kulabo abanenkinga yokucindezeleka (OCD) etholakala kubantu abaningi:

Kulesi sifundo, sasinesithakazelo ekusakazeni nasezinhlobonhlobo eziphathelene nomphakathi kanye nezici ze-CSBD kuziguli ezine-OCD. Okokuqala, sithole ukuthi i-3.3% yeziguli ezine-OCD yayine-CSBD yamanje futhi i-5.6% yayine-CSBd yokuphila yonke, inesisindo esikhulu kunazo zonke emadodeni kunabesifazane.

Ekuphetheni, idatha yethu ibonisa lokho amazinga okukhula e-CSBD ku-OCD afaniswa nalabo abalingana nabezinye izinkampani zokuxilonga

Ngakho-ke, njengoba amazinga e-CSBD kulabo ababili abahlukumezekile kanye nomphakathi jikelele abalingana, ubulili kanye nokulutha kwezicabha ezingcolile hhayi izinhlobo ze-OCD. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Alliance yaqamba amanga lapho ithi ababhali bathi i-CSBD akufanele icatshangwe njengomlutha. Umusho olandelayo uvela “esifingqweni sombhali,” kodwa kunjalo hhayi esifundweni:

"Lokhu okutholakele kusekela ukucatshangelwa kwe-CSBD njengesifo esiyimpoqo, kodwa hhayi ngezifo ngenxa yokusebenzisa izidakamizwa noma isimilo."

I-Alliance ihlanganise izingcezwana ezivela esiphethweni - ngaphandle komongo - ukunikeza umbono ongewona. Isilinganiso sangempela esivela ephepheni:

Ekuphetheni, idatha yethu ikhombisa ukuthi izinga lokukhula kwe-CSBD ku-OCD lifaniswa nalabo abakulo lonke jikelele nakwezinye izinhlangano zokuxilonga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sithole tIsikhwama se-CSBD ku-OCD cishe sasinomthelela wokunye ukucindezeleka, ukucindezela, nokukhathazeka kwemizwelo, kodwa hhayi ngezidakamizwa ezihlobene nokuziphatha-noma izidakamizwa. Lokhu kutholakele kusekela ukucabangela kwe-CSBD njengesifo sokucindezela-ukucindezela.

Ukuhumusha: Izihloko ngubani ohluphekayo kokubili “Ukuphazamiseka kokucindezela ngokweqile” KANYE "nokuphazamiseka kokuziphatha ngokocansi okucindezelayo" maningi amathuba okuthi kube nokunye ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo. kodwa bakhona hhayi okungenzeka ukuthi ube nakho Eyengeziwe ukuziphatha kabi noma izidakamizwa. Lokhu, futhi, kusikisela ukuthi i-OCD nezidakamizwa zihlupha ngokwengqondo (njengezincwadi zokuxilonga zezokwelapha, njenge-DSM kanye ne-ICD, ngempela ziyavuma). Kusukela ekufundeni:

Sithole nokuthi ama-comorbidity amaningana ayengenzeka kakhulu kwiziguli ze-OCD ezine-CSBD kunalabo abangenawo i-CSBD.

Akukho ndawo lapho leli phepha lisho ukuthi i-CSBD kufanele hhayi kufanele ucabange njengendlela yokuziphatha umlutha. Ngokuphambene nalokho, leli phepha lisikisela ukuthi i-CSBD kungaba kuhle ucabanga ukuthi umlutha, ngoba umlutha ngokwawo ukhonjiswe ngendlela kokubili ukucindezeleka okucindezelayo nokucindezela. Bona leli phepha ngabachwepheshe bangempela: Ukubuyekeza kabusha indima yokungafuni ukucindezela nokucindezelwa kwezinkinga zokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi, (I-2018). Ngamanye amagama, "ukuphazamiseka okucindezelayo" (njenge-CSBD) hhayi "Ukuphazamiseka okucindezelayo" (OCD). Ungadideki!

UCarvalho, J., Štulhofer, A., Vieira, AL, noJurin, T. (2015). Ukuziphatha ngokocansi kanye nesifiso esiphakeme sobulili: Ukuhlola isakhiwo sobulili obuyinkimbinkimbi. Umagazini wezokwelapha, 12 (6), 1356-1367. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Ilungu le-Alliance U-Alexander Štulhofer. Njengoba isifinyezo seDeniers sathi, “Ucwaningo lwethu lusekela ukuhlukaniswa kocansi kanye nesifiso sobulili esiphakeme.”Ingcaphuno:

Ngokubanzi, iziphakamiso ezinikezwe zikwazisa ingxoxo ngokuphathelene nobungqingili ngezindlela eziningana. Okokuqala, isifiso sobulili obuphezulu kanye nokusebenza ngokocansi okuvamile akuzange kubhekane kakhulu nemiphumela emibi ehlobene nocansi. The Imiphumela isekela ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwesifiso sobulili obuphezulu nokuziphatha kobulili obuyinkimbinkimbi.

Ngamanye amazwi, i Štulhofer ukutadisha, kanye nalezi zifundo ze-25, ukuveza iphuzu lokukhuluma ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuthi ubulili kanye nezilonda zobulili ezingcolile "basuke benesifiso sobulili esiphakeme."

Inyanga, i-JW, i-Krems, i-JA, i-Cohen, i-AB, ne-Kenrick, i-DT (2019). Akukho lutho olungcwele? Inkolo, ubulili, kanye nezinqubo zokuzala. Izikhombisi-ndlela zamanje eSayensi Yezengqondo. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721419838242  Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Ukwehla kwamandla emali okuningi njengoba leli phepha lingahlangene nokusetshenziswa kocansi noma "amamodeli wobungqingili".

AbakwaWinters, J., Christoff, K., & Gorzalka, BB (2010). Ukuziphatha ngokocansi okuhlukumezekile nesifiso esiphakeme socansi: Ukwakha okuhlukanayo ?. I-Archives yokuziphatha ngokocansi, i-39 (5), i-1029-1043. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Ilungu le-Alliance Jason Winters. Ngokungafani nesifundo esandulele se-Štulhofer, lesi sabika ukuthi "Abesilisa nabesifazane ababike ukuthi bafuna ukwelashwa bahola kakhulu kakhulu ngezinyathelo zokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi kanye nesifiso socansi.”Njengoba ucwaningo lwe-Štulhofer luchazile, ucwaningo lwe-Winters lwalunamaphutha abulalayo njengoba lwalusebenzisa iScale Compulsivity Scale (SCS)

Lokhu kuqhathanisa ngokucacile isiphetho sikaWinters et al. Mayelana nokufakela okukhulu phakathi kwesifiso sobulili obuphezulu kanye nobulili obuhlukumezekile [5]. Esinye isizathu esingaba khona sokuthola okungaqondakali kuyindlela ehlukene esetshenziselwa ukukhombisa ukucwasana ngokobulili kulezi zifundo ezimbili. Isibonelo, esifundweni samanje, imiphumela emibi ephathelene nobulili ihlolwe ngokusebenzisa uhlu oluphelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Winters et al. basebenzisa ukulingana ngokocansi [36], okuphakanyisiwe ukuthi kuhlukaniswe kahle phakathi kokucindezelwa ngokocansi nokuvuleka kokuhlangenwe nakho kobulili nokuhlolwa [4,37].

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isixazululo sokucindezeleka ngokobulili akusivivinyo esivivinyayo sokuhlola ukulutha kabi kocansi noma abesifazane. Yadalwa ku-1995 futhi yaklanywa ngocansi olungalawulwa ubudlelwane engqondweni (mayelana nokuphenya ngendlala yengculaza). I I-SCS ithi:

"Isilinganiso kufanele sibe [siboniswe?] Ukubikezela izinga lokuziphatha kocansi, izinombolo zocansi abalingani bobulili, ukuziphatha kwezimo ezihlukahlukene zocansi, kanye nemigomo yezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi."

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthuthukisi we-SCS uxwayisa ukuthi leli thuluzi ngeke libonise i-psychopathology kwabesifazane,

"Izinhlangano phakathi kwamanxeba okuphoqeleka ngokobulili kanye nezinye izimpawu ze-psychopathology zabonisa amaphethini ahlukene amadoda nabesifazane; ukuphoqeleka ngokobulili kwahlanganiswa nezinkomba ze-psychopathology kumadoda kodwa hhayi kwabesifazane. "

Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi Ezinye izifundo ze-25 ziphikisana nesimangalo sokuthi ubulili kanye nezidakamizwa ze-porn "banesifiso esiphakeme sezocansi," kubalulekile ukubhekana nesimangalo esingakholeki sokuthi "isifiso sobulili esiphakeme" sihambisana nokulutha kocansi. Ukungabi nangqondo kwayo kuyacaca uma umuntu ecabanga izinto zokucabanga ezisuselwa kwezinye izidakamizwa. (Ukuthola okuningi bheka Isifiso esiphakeme ', noma' nje 'umlutha? Ukusabela kuSteele et al., nguDonald L. Hilton, Jr., MD.)

Isibonelo, ingabe lo logic lisho ukuthi ukuphefumula ngokweqile, ukuhluleka ukulawula ukudla, futhi ukungajabuli kakhulu ngakho, kuyinto nje "isifiso esiphakeme sokudla?" Ukwengeza okunye, umuntu kufanele agcine ngokuthi abadakayo banesifiso esikhulu sokuphuza utshwala, kwesokudla? Ngamafuphi, wonke umlutha "unesifiso esiphakeme" noma izifiso zezinto zabo zokulutha nemisebenzi (eyaziwa nangokuthi "ukugqugquzela"), ngisho nalapho ukujabulela kwabo imisebenzi enqamuka ngenxa yokubekezelelana noma ukujwayela.

Ukulutha umlutha wobulili uqobo kukhiqiza kanzima ukungazinaki izifiso ezivame ukuvela “njengezinga eliphakeme lemicabango, imizwa, nezidingo.” Isibonelo, izinkomba, njengokuvula ikhompyutha, ukubona i-pop-up, noma ukuba wedwa, kubangela ukufisa okukhulu kwe-porn. Abanye bachaza impendulo evusa imizwa yocansi njengokungena emhubheni ophunyuka kube kanye: i-porn. Kukhona manje izifundo ze-27 zokubika ukuzwela (cue-reactivity, izifiso zokusebenzisa) kubasebenzisi be-porn / imilutha yezocansi: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27.

Ukumane nje ukucabanga okufisa ukusikisela ukuthi "isifiso sobulili esiphakeme" sichitha ukukhona komlutha. Umuntu kuphela onokuqeqeshwa okwanele kokulutha umlutha angadonsela isiphetho esinjalo sokuphoqa.

Oeming, M. (2018). Ukuxilongwa okusha kokwesaba okudala? Ukulondoloza izithombe ezingcolile ezingxoxweni ze-US zesikhathi esizayo. Izifundo zobulili, 5 (2), 213-216. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Ngelungu le-Alliance, futhi ufunde umfundi, Madita Oeming. Ukwanda kwamanani entengo. Akusona isifundo futhi akuhlinzeki ngokuqonda “ezinhlobonhlobo zobungqingili,” okuyisigaba lapho kuthunyelwe khona. Empeleni, kungenye imibono yombono eqhutshwa kabi ku-ajenda evela I-Porn Studies Journal, e I-athikili yakamuva ye-VICE kaMadita Oeming inkolelo yezinkolelo kanye nemidiya yokulutha ukubheja kocansi ivumela ukuthi azi lutho mayelana nokulutha, noma i-neuroscience, noma izifundo zezinzwa zabasebenzisi bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile, noma izifundo zengqondo ezingcolile, njll:

Angiyena isazi se-neurobiologist noma isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo, ngakho-ke anginalo ulwazi lokwahlulela ukuthi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile empeleni zilutha ngokomzimba yini. Kepha okokuqala, kuzoxoxwa phakathi kwalabo abanobuchwepheshe. Yize i-WHO manje isithathe isinqumo "sokuziphatha ngokweqile ngocansi" kuhlanganise ngokusobala "nokusebenzisa ngokweqile porn" , kusukela ku-2022 kuya ku- Faka eklasini yabo yokuhlola. Futhi okwesibili, ngibhekana nokuthile okuhluke ngokuphelele. Njengososayensi wezamasiko, o, isichazamazwi sezinkondlo, ngiyaqonda izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ngokuyinhloko njengengxelo.

Umfundi wezinkondlo?

isifinyezo Alliance sika disingenuous ikakhulukazi, nemisindo sengathi ubhalwe ngu MindGeek:

Ngaphandle kwamaqembu ezenkolo ezingokwenkolo ezithandwayo, ezithandayo, nezokulwa nezithombe zobulili ezingcolile, imishini eminingi yokwelashwa ekhuthazwa ngokwezimali iye yasungulwa njengendlela yokushayela futhi izuzisa inkulumo yezintambo zobulili ezingcolile. [Ubufakazi?] Bobabili benza i-lobby enamandla ezweni lonke elingenqikazi ukusebenzisa noma yiziphi izindlela ezidingekayo ukuthulisa ucwaningo oluphikisanayo (Prause and Fong 2015, 439).

Khuluma nge-spin. I-Oeming ibhekisa emaqenjini ahlakazekile abelaphi bezidakamizwa zokuya ocansini 'njengemishini emikhulu yokwelashwa ekhuthazayo,' ngenkathi ingayinaki yonke indawo, imboni yezithombe zocansi ezikhuthaze yonke indawo, ephika ngobungozi obudalayo naphezu kobuningi bobufakazi obubuyekezwe ontanga. U-Oeming ube esecaphuna uPrause, ememezela ukuthi "le ndawo yokwamukela izivakashi enamandla" isebenzisa noma yiziphi izindlela ezidingekayo ukuze kuthuliswe ucwaningo olungaba yimpikiswano.

Eqinisweni, nguPrause osebenzise "noma yiziphi izindlela ezidingekayo" ukuhlukumeza nokuhlambalaza noma ngubani ophakamisa ukuthi i-porn ingadala izinkinga. NguPrause osebenze ekusithekeni ukuzama (ngokungafanele) ukuthi ucwaningo luvinjelwe, izipikha zikhanseliwe, futhi nezifundo zenqatshelwe ukushicilelwa kanye / noma ukuhoxiswa. Iningi lokuziphatha kukaPrause okungaziphathi kahle futhi kwesinye isikhathi okungekho emthethweni kubhalwe emakhasini alandelayo:

Kodwa-ke, kunezigameko eziningi ezengeziwe ezenzekile ukuthi asikho inkululeko yokudalula - njengoba izisulu zikaPrause ziyesaba ngokuphindaphindiwe ukubuyisa.

Iphuzu elibalulekile: Nakuba uPrause eqhubeka efaka amanga ngokuthi "uyisisulu," nguPrause owaqala konke ukuhlukumeza kubantu kanye nezinhlangano ezibalulwe kumakhasi angenhla. Akekho kulawo maphepha ahlukumeze uNicole Prause. Ukumangalelwa kwakhe ngokuthi uyisisulu sokuthi "u-stalking" noma i-misogyny "abashisekeli bezingcingo ezingcolile" abanalo i-one eyodwa yezincwadi ezifanele.

Yonke ubufakazi Impendulo ihlinzekela yenziwe ngokwayo: i-info-graphic eyodwa, ama-imeyili ambalwa avela kuye kuya kwabanye achaza ukuhlukumeza okudingekayo, kanye nezinhlamvu eziyisihlanu ezilahlayo kanye nezincwadi ezilahlayo eziqukethe izinsolo zamanga. Uzobona nobufakazi bokuthi izikhalazo ezinobungozi ezinomthetho u-Prause uhambise nezinhlangano ezihlukahlukene zokulawula - eziye zaxoshwa ngokukhululekile noma zaphenywa futhi zaxoshwa. Kubonakala sengathi ulayishe lezi zikhalo ezikhohlisayo ukuze aqhubeke nokubiza izimali zakhe zonke "ngaphansi kophenyo."

I-Prause ayinikezi izibonelo ezinengqondo zokuba yilokho okuhlosiwe ukuxhuma nge-intanethi noma nge-Twitter, Facebook, noma ukuxhumanisa namakhasi ku-YBOP. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuphakela kwe-Twitter ku-Prause kwedwa kuqukethe amakhulu namakhulu we-tweets engaqondile futhi engalungile ebhekisela kuWilson nabanye abaningi (i-Prause isuliwe kusukela kuma-tweets we-3,000). Ngokumane, u-Prause uye wadala i-mythology ngobufakazi obungenakubonakala, ngenkathi ekhona eduze ngokuvumelanisa nembonini yezocansi.

Ukudumisa, N., Steele, VR, Staley, C., Sabatinelli, D., & Hajcak, G. (2016). I-Prause et al. (2015) i-falsification yakamuva yokubikezela ukulutha izidakamizwa. Psychological biology, 120, 159-161. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Ilungu le-Alliance uNicole Prause. Ukucaphuna okuningi kwe-inflation njengoba kungesona isifundo, Esikhundleni salokho, lokhu kuphawula okufushane kuzenza ukuvikela isifundo sikaPrause esigxeke kakhulu se-2015 EEG (okuxoxwe ngaso kwenye indawo). Akukona futhi kwehluleka ukubhekana ngokusemthethweni nanoma yini kulawa maphepha ayi-9 abuyekezwe ngontanga: Izibukezo ezibuyekezwa kontanga Prause et al., 2015 Njengoba kuchaziwe ngenhla, Prause et al., 2015, akuyona into ebonakala iyiyo. Ngesikhathi uPrause eqinisekisa ngesibindi ukuthi yena oyedwa, isifundo se-EEG esiphuthele kakhulu sasibulele umlutha wezocansi, Amaphepha ayisishiyagalombili abukeziwe ngabangani angavumelani. Wonke amaphepha e-9 ayavuma lokho Prause et al., 2015 empeleni bathole ukuxoshwa noma ukujwayele kubasebenzisi be-Porn abavamile (into ehambisana nokulutha).

UPrause ucaphune izifundo eziningi ezifanayo encwadini yakhe ayinqumile wayinamathisela kuleli khasi "locwaningo" eligxekwa lapha. Zonke izimangalo zikaPrause nokusetshenziswa kabi kwamaphepha akhethwe nge-cherry (ngenkathi eshaya indiva amakhulu aphikisana nezimangalo zakhe), akhishwe ngokuphelele lapha: I-Critique ye: Incwadi eya kumhleli "Prause et al. (I-2015) i-falsification yakamuva yokubikezela izidakamizwa "(2016), nguNicole Prause, uVaughn R. Steele, uCameron Staley, uDean Sabatinelli, uGreg Hajcake.

Udumo, N., Janssen, E., Georgiadis, J., Finn, P., & Pfaus, J. (2017). Idatha ayisekeli ubulili njengomlutha. I-Lancet Psychiatry, i-4 (12), i-899. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Ilungu le-Alliances UNicole Prause, uPeter Finn, u-Erick Jansen noJanniko Georgiadis. Akuyona isifundo. Leli bhulogi elibhaliwe nge-Prause I-Lancet, esayinwe ngabahlanganyeli abane (u-Erick Janssen, uJanniko Georgiadis, uPeter Finn noJames Pfaus), beyimpendulo kwenye incwadi emfushane: Ingabe ukuziphatha ngokweqile ngokobulili kuyinkinga yokulutha? (Potenza et. al., 2017), obhalwe ochwepheshe bokulutha umlutha uMarc Potenza, uMateusz Gola, uValerie Voon, u-Ariel Kor noShane Kraus.

Lapha I-Prause isithinta enye yezincwadi zayo eziqalekisayo kumhleli ngokuthi "debunking" ubukhona bokulutha kocansi nokulutha kocansi (okubizwa ngokuthi "Ukucindezeleka kokuziphatha ngokocansi" esikhathini esizayo I-ICD-11). Kodwa akunjalo. Lokhu Umbono we-240-word piece (Prause et al., 2017) ucacisa izifundo zero ukusekela izimangalo zayo, unikeza kuphela umusho owodwa, olula ukuphikisana njengengqikithi "yobufakazi" obukuphela kokumelene nesimiso sokulutha:

Kodwa-ke, izifundo zokuhlola azisekeli izinto eziyinhloko zokulutha ngokweqile ezifana nokunyuka kokusetshenziswa, ubunzima bokulawula ukukhushulwa, imiphumela emibi, ukulahlekelwa umvuzo we-syndrome, ukuhoxiswa kwe-syndrome ngokuyeka, ukubekezelelana, noma izinzuzo eziphuthumayo eziphuthumayo.

Lolu cwaningo olunzulu, Ukuhlaziywa kwe "Idatha ayisekeli ubulili njengomlutha" (Prause et al., 2017), ukukhipha izimangalo ezivelele ezivezwe encwadini ye-Prause. Iphinde isekele ukwesekwa okunamandla okusekelwe ezintweni eziyinhloko zokulutha umlutha, okuyinto Prause et al. kusho okungamanga ukuthi awutholakali ocwaningweni lwamanje. Njengoba uzobona, ukukhula kokusetshenziswa, ubunzima bokulawula izikhalo, imiphumela emibi, ukulahlekelwa kwemali yokukhubazeka, ukuhoxiswa kwesifo, nokubekezelelana / ukujwayela konke kutholakale ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zabasebenzisi be-porn / izifundo ze-CSB. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izici ezamukelekayo ze-neurological of addiction, ezifana nokuzwela, (ukucabangela-ukwenza izinto / ukuthanda), ukuthanda okuncane okungafuneki, i-prefrontal cortex engasebenzi, kanye nokuphendula kwengcindezi engasebenziyo konke kuye kwabikwa eziningana zazo Ucwaningo lwe-42 lwe-neuroscience.

Ngesinye isikhathi, abathathu abakwa-Prause abane-co-signers ku I-Lancet Wanikeza namagama abo ekuqaleni kwe-2016 Salt Lake Tribune I-Op-Ed ehlasela Ukulwa Nezidakamizwa Ezintsha kanye nesimo salo kwi-inthanethi ye-porn. Lokho Salt Lake Tribune Igama le-600 I-Ed-Ed yayinemibono engasekelwa eqondiswa ukudukisa umphakathi obala. Futhi abalobi balo, u-Prause nabangani, bahlulekile ukusekela isimangalo esisodwa abenzile. U-Ed-Ed ukhulume kuphela amaphepha we-4 - akekho okunye okuhlangene nakho nokulutha kwe-porn, imiphumela ye-porn ebuhlotsheni, noma izinkinga zocansi ezenziwe ngocansi. Ochwepheshe abaningi baye baphendula ngalokhu kudilizwa kwe-Prause Op-Ed: I-Ed-Ed: Ubani ngempela owehlisa isayensi kwizithombe zobulili ezingcolile? (I-2016). Ngokungafani "nososayensi bezinzwa" be-Op-Ed yokuqala, abalobi bezimpendulo basho izifundo ezingamakhulu eziningana kanye nokubuyekezwa okuningi kwezincwadi owasekela izitatimende zabo.

Ukuphendukela ku-Prause's I-Lancet umzamo, kufanele sikhulume ukuthi akekho omunye wabahlanu Prause et al., Abanikazi be-2017 bakhicilele isifundo esibandakanya kuqinisekisiwe "izidakamizwa ezingcolile zobulili noma zocansi."Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye abasayine uPrause I-Lancet incwadi inayo imibono yokuphika ngomkhuhlane futhi ukuhlasela umqondo wokulutha kocansi nocansi (ngaleyo ndlela kubonisa ukunyanyiswa okukhulu). Ngokuphambene, ngamunye kulaba abahlanu Potenza et al. Abambisene nabo be-2017 (abhale incwadi yokuqala kule ndaba ku I-Lancet) uye washicilela izifundo eziningi ezibandakanya izihloko ngokucindezeleka kokuziphatha ngokobulili (okubandakanya izifundo ezibucayi zobuchopho kubasebenzisi be-porn kanye nezilonda zocansi).

I-Walton, MT, neBhullar, N. (2018). Ukuziphatha ngokweqile ngokobulili njengengcindezi yokulawula ukucindezela: ukulinda idatha yezifundo zasensimini. I-Archives yokuziphatha ngokocansi, i-1-5. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Hhayi isifundo. Ukuphawula ngabacwaningi ababili bezocansi (futhi ababona ososayensi bezinzwa) abavame ukuhlanganyela ukubhala amaphepha nelungu le-Alliance uJames Cantor. Ukwanda kwamanani okwehla kwamandla nokukhetha ama-cherry. Lokhu kuhlaziya kwamakhasi ama-3 kubalula amaphepha angama-25 kuphela: ayisishiyagalombili awabo namanye amahlanu ngamalungu e-Alliance. Ukuphawula kwehluleka ukusho noma yikuphi okukodwa kwe- Ucwaningo lwe-43 lwe-neuroscience eshicilelwe ngezihloko ze-CSB noma abasebenzisi be-porn. Esikhundleni sokucaphuna ukuphawula kukaWalton ku- “Sexhavior Cycle” kungani abakwaDeniers benganikanga ngalezi zincazelo ezinomthwalo wemfanelo, ezishicilelwe kumagazini ofanayo walowo magazini?

O, yebo, azihambelani ne-ajenda ye-Deniers.

Ley, DJ (2018). I-pseudoscience ngemuva kwemithetho yenkinga yomphakathi. Izifundo zobulili, 5 (2), 208-212. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Analysis: Ilungu le-Alliance UDavid Ley. Akuyona isifundo. Ukuhlunga, okungalungile, okuyi-pro-porn isiqeshana esilandelayo esifana noLey's Psychology Today okuthunyelwe kwebhulogi. I-YBOP yasibona singekho isidingo sokubhekana nokusakazwa kukaLey kokuqonda okushicilelwe kokungabazisayo I-Porn Studies Journal. Ukuze uthole i-debunking ephelele yephuzu ngalinye lokukhuluma, i-YBOP iphakamisa lesi sihloko - Ukudikibala ukuphendula kukaDavid Ley kuFiliphu uZimbardo: "Kumelwe sithembele kwisayensi enhle engxoxweni yezocansi"(Mashi, i-2016), noma ukuqedwa okukhulu kwenkulumo kaLey eyinhlonipho kakhulu - I-Critique ye "U-Emperor Awukho Izingubo: Ukubuyekezwa kwesibonelo 'sezithombe zobulili ezingcolile'”(2014), uDavid Ley, uNicole Prause noPeter Finn. Okuningi okushiwo ukwehla kwemali.

Qaphela: Ley et al., I-2014 yashicilelwe iphephandaba Imibiko Yezempilo Yamanje Yezocansi, “esigabeni sabo sezingxabano.” Umhleli weSigaba Sezimpikiswano, kanjalo nephepha likaLey, wayeyilungu le-Alliance uCharles Moser. Ngemuva kwalokho uMoser wahlangana noLey noPrause ukuze benze "umlutha wobudlova" we-porn e Ingqungquthela kaFebhuwari 2015 we-International Society for the Study of Women's Sexual Health: Ley, Prause, Moser bese Imibiko Yezempilo Yamanje Yezocansi Umhleli omkhulu uPerelman wethule uchungechunge lwehora le-2: "Umlutha Wezocansi, Umlutha Wocansi, noma enye i-OCD? ” La maDeniers asebenze njengeqembu, nge-ajenda, iminyaka.

Ukudumisa, N., Steele, VR, Staley, C., Sabatinelli, D., & Hajcak, G. (I-2015). Ukuguqulwa kwesimo sezithombe ezinobungozi ngezithombe zocansi kubasebenzisi bezinkinga kanye nokulawula okuhambisani nalokho "ukubheja kocansi". Psychological biology, 109, 192-199. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Analysis: Ilungu le-Alliance Nicole Prause. Njengoba kuxoxwe ngenhla, Prause et al., 2015, akuyona into ebonakala iyiyo, futhi akukhohlisi lutho. Ngesikhathi uPrause eqinisekisa ngesibindi ukuthi yena oyedwa, isifundo se-EEG esiphuthele kakhulu sasibulele umlutha wezocansi, Amaphepha abukezwe i-8 avumelani. Wonke amaphepha ayisishiyagalombili avumelana lokho Prause et al., I-2015 kungenzeka ithole i-desensitization noma indawo yokuhlala kubantu abasebenzisa kakhulu ama-porn (umbandela ohambisana nomlutha)Izibukezo ezibuyekezwa kontanga Prause et al., 2015

Imiphumela: Uma kuqhathaniswa nezilawuli "abantu ababhekana nezinkinga ezilawula ukubukwa kwabo kocansi" babe nezimpendulo eziphansi zobuchopho ekuvezeni okwesikhashana kwezithombe ze-porno ye-vanilla. I umlobi ohola uthi le miphumela "debunk umlutha wezocansi." Ini usosayensi osemthethweni babezofakazela ukuthi isifundo sabo esisodwa esingathandeki siphumelele insimu yokutadisha kahle?

Eqinisweni, okutholakele Prause et al. I-2015 ihambisane ngokuphelele I-Kühn & Gallinat (2014), okuthole ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-porn ngaphezulu okuhlobene nokusebenza komcibisholo okungapheli ekuphenduleni izithombe ze-porn ye-vanilla. Prause et al. okutholakele nakho kuhambelana Banca et al. 2015 okuyi- #13 kulolu hlu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esinye isifundo se-EEG ithole ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kocansi okukhulu kwabesifazane kuhambisana nokusebenza okuncane kobuchopho ku-porn. Ukufundwa okuphansi kwe-EEG kusho ukuthi izifundo azinaki kangako izithombe. Ngokumane nje, abasebenzisi bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ababevame ukungazithandi izithombe ze-vanilla porn. Babenesithukuthezi (bejwayele noma bengenasizungu). Bona lokhu I-YBOP enkulu ihlaziya.

Umdumo wamemezela ukuthi ukufundwa kwakhe kwe-EEG kuhlolwe "ukukhishwa kwe-reactivity" (ukuzwela), esikhundleni sokuhlala. Ngisho noma i-Prause yayilungile, uyayigcina ngokucophelela umgodi wokugoba ekuqinisekiseni kwakhe "ukukhohlisa": Uma Prause et al. I-2015 bebatholile ukucubungula-abasebenzisa i-porno abancane, ezinye ze-24 ezinye izifundo ze-neurological ziye zabika ukucutshungulwa noma ukufisa (ukuzwela) kubasebenzisi be-porn abathintekayo: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27.

Isayensi ayifuni nesifundo esisodwa esisodwa esithintekayo ngenxa yeziphambeko ezimbi kakhulu; isayensi ihambisana nokuphazamiseka kobufakazi (ngaphandle kwakho ziqhutshwa phambili).

Mhlawumbe uyazibuza ukuthi kungani isifundo sokuqala nesidume kakhulu se-EEG sikaPrause singafakiwe kuhlu lwezifundo ze-Alliance: Isifiso socansi, hhayi ubuhlobo bobulili obuhlukile, buhlobene nezimpendulo ze-neurophysiological ezifakwe izithombe zobulili (Steele et al., 2013). Ngemuva kwalokho konke, kwakunjalo kumaphephandaba njengobufakazi obuphikisana nokukhona komlutha wezocansi / ucansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uDavid Ley kanye nomkhulumeli wezocwaningo uNicole Prause baqala ukubhala a Psychology Today okuthunyelwe kwebhulogi mayelana Steele et al., I-2013 ebizwa ngokuthi "Ubuchopho bakho ku-Porn - AWUKHAYELI". (Kwaphinde kwaqondiswa uGary Wilson kanye newebhusayithi yakhe).

Nasi isizathu: Steele et al. kubike okutholwe okuphikiswa ngokuqondile kwe- Prause et al., Okutholakele kwe-2015. Noma ungacabanga ngakho uma uqhathanisa iziqephu zezifundo ezimbili ze-EEG. Empeleni, Steele et al. - njenge Prause et al. - linikeza ukwesekwa kokukhona kokubili ukulutha kocansi kanye nokusebenzisa i-porn ekulawuleni phansi isifiso socansi. Kanjani? Steele et al. kubike ukufundwa kwe-EEG ephakeme (ngokuhlobene nezithombe ezingathathi hlangothi) lapho izifundo zivezwa ngokufutshane ezithombeni zobulili ezingcolile. Izifundo zibonisa njalo ukuthi i-P300 ephakeme kwenzeka uma izilonda zivezwa ezinkomba (ezifana nezithombe) ezihlobene nokulutha kwayo. Ngokudabukisayo, okhulumela uPrause uthi abasebenzisi be-porn babenemiphumela ephakeme "ye-libido," kodwa imiphumela yocwaningo ithi okuphambene ngqo (isifiso sezifundo zezocansi ezithandanayo kwakuyehla ngokuphathelene nokusetshenziswa kwazo kocansi).

Konke lokhu kokubili Steele et al. okutholakele kukhombisa umsebenzi omkhulu wobuchopho ekuboniseni (izithombe ezingcolile), kepha ukubuyiswa okuncane kokuthola imivuzo yemvelo (ukulala nomuntu). Lokho ukukhuthaza nokuzikhumbuza, okuyizimpawu zokulutha. Amaphepha ayisikhombisa abuyekezwe ngontanga achaza iqiniso: Izibukezo ezibuyekezwa kontanga Steele et al., 2013

Ngaphandle kwezimangalo eziningi ezingasekelwa emaphephandabeni, kuphazamisa ukuthi isifundo se-Prause sika-2013 EGG sidlulise ukubuyekezwa kontanga, njengoba sibhekene nezimpikiswano ezinkulu zendlela: 1) izifundo ayingqayizivele (abesilisa, abesifazane, abangewona abesilisa nabesifazane); Izihloko ze-2) zikhona hhayi ukuhlolwa kwezifo zengqondo noma izidakamizwa; I-3) isifundo akukho iqembu lokulawula lokuqhathanisa; Imibuzo ye-4) akuqinisekisiwe ukusetshenziswa kwe-porn noma ukulutha kocansi. Steele at al. kuphuthelwe kabi kakhulu yi-4 kuphela yalezi zibuyekezo zezincwadi ze-21 namazwana khathazeka ukukusho lokho: ababili bakubheka njengokungavumelekile kwesayensi ye-junk, kuyilapho ababili bekusho ukuthi bayalinganisa-ukucubungula ngesifiso esingaphansi kocansi nomlingani (izimpawu zokulutha).

Kubalulekile ukwazi lokho Prause et al., 2015 FUTHI Steele et al., 2013 wayenayo izifundo ezifanayo. Kungani isifundo sesibili kuleli qembu? Ngoba Steele et al. wayengekho iqembu lokulawula ukuqhathanisa! Ngakho Prause et al., 2015 kuqhathanisa nezihloko ze-2013 ezivela Steele et al., 2013 kuya eqenjini lokulawula langempela (nakuba lokhu kubuyelela kohlelo kuphethwe yiziphambeko ezifanayo ezibizwa ngenhla). Imiphumela: Uma kuqhathaniswa nezilawuli, "abantu ababhekana nezinkinga ezilawula ukubukwa kwabo kocansi" babe nezimpendulo eziphansi zobuchopho ekuvezeni okwesibili kwezithombe ze-porno ye-vanilla. Imiphumela ye-ACTUAL yezifundo ezimbili ze-EEG ze-Prause:

  1. Steele et al., 2013: Abantu abanobuciko obukhulu-ukubukeka kwe-porn babenakho Ngaphansi isifiso sobulili nomlingani, kodwa hhayi isifiso esincane sokushaya indlwabu.
  2. Prause et al., 2015: "Abasebenzisi abayimilutha ye-Porn" babe Ngaphansi ukuvuselelwa kobuchopho ukuze kube nemifanekiso emibi ye-vanilla porn. Ukufunda okungezansi kwe-EEG kusho ukuthi "izidakamizwa ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile" azikhombisi kahle izithombe.

Nakhu ukubuyekezwa odokotela bemithi yezocansi kusuka ebhokisini elihola phambili laseSpain elihlaziya izifundo zePrause ze-2 EEG: Steele et al., 2013 & Prause et al., I-2015: Ukubheja kwezidakamizwa ku-intanethi: Okuthi Siyazi Nalokho Esingakho-Ukubuyekeza Okuhlelekile (2019). (Qaphela: citation 105 Steele, citation 107 yiyona Ukudumisa.)

Ubufakazi balesi sigameko se-neural esibonakalisa isifiso ikakhulukazi kuvelele kwi-correx ye-prefrontal [101] kanye ne-amygdala [102,103], njengobufakazi bokukhuthaza. Ukusebenza kulezi zifunda zobuchopho kukhumbuza umvuzo wezezimali [104] futhi ingase ithwale umthelela ofanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezifundo eziphakeme ze-EEG kulaba basebenzisi, kanye nesifiso esinciphile sokulala nomlingani, kodwa hhayi ngokushaya indlwabu ezithombeni ezingcolile [105], into eveza futhi umehluko ekukhwalweni kwekhwalithi [8]. Lokhu kungabhekwa njengesibonakaliso sokungafuneki.

Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lukaSteele luqukethe amaphutha amaningi ezindlela okufanele acatshangelwe (ngokwehlukahlukana ngokwezihloko, ukungabikho kokuhlolwa kokuphazamiseka kwengqondo noma ukuluthwa, ukungabikho kweqembu elilawulayo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemibuzo engagunyaziwe ukusetshenziswa kocansi) [106]. Ucwaningo olwenziwa nguPrause [107], ngalesi sikhathi neqembu lokulawula, liphinde laphindaphinda lezi zithole. Indima yokuqamba kabusha kanye nokulangazelela ekuthuthukiseni ukubheja kocansi nge-inthanethi kuye kwaqiniswa ngokulingana ngokobulili obuhlukile [108] namasampuli wesilisa ongqingili [109].

Isigaba Sobusha

Okuqukethwe / Eqinisweni: Njengenjwayelo, iDenier's Alliance (RealYBOP) ihlinzeka ngezifundo ezimbalwa zangaphandle noma zokugcwalisa ukukhohlisa izintatheli nomphakathi ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kocansi akulimazi intsha. Njengakwezinye izigaba, i-Alliance ayihlinzeki ngokubuyekezwa kwemibhalo noma ukuhlaziywa kwe-meta. Kungani i-Alliance ikushiyile lokhu kubuyekezwa kwezincwadi eziyi-14 kwezocansi kanye "Nentsha" (intsha): ukubuyekeza # 1, buyekeza2, ukubuyekeza # 3, ukubuyekeza # 4, ukubuyekeza # 5, ukubuyekeza # 6, ukubuyekeza # 7, ukubuyekeza # 8, ukubuyekeza # 9, ukubuyekeza # 10, ukubuyekeza # 11, ukubuyekeza # 12, ukubuyekeza # 13, ukubuyekeza # 14, ukubuyekeza # 15, buyekeza # 16.

Kungani i-Alliance ushiye zonke izifundo ze-280 kulolu hlu olubanzi lwe amaphepha abuyekezwe ngontanga ahlola umphumela wezithombe ezingcolile ezinganeni? Impendulo icacile: ukubuyekezwa, njengasesifundweni ngasinye, kwehluleka ukuhambisana ne-ajenda ye-Alliance ye-pro-porn. Lapha sethula izibuyekezo i-Alliance ishiye izingcaphuno ezifanele:

Umthelela Wezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Ze-Inthanethi Emshadweni Nomkhaya: Ukubukezwa kocwaningo (2006) - Izingcaphuno:

Ukuhlola umthelela ohlelweni lwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi, noma kunjalo, insimu engakahleleki futhi ucwaningo olugxilwe ohlelweni lukhawulelwe. Ukubuyekezwa kocwaningo olukhona okwenziwe kwenziwa futhi eziningi zezindlela ezimbi zavezwa. Nakuba okuningi kusalokhu kungaziwa ngomthelela wezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi emishadweni nasemindenini, idatha etholakalayo inikeza iphuzu eliqashile labenzi bezinqubomgomo, othisha, odokotela kanye nabacwaningi.

Umthelela oqondile ezinganeni nasezinshumbeni Umphumela olandelayo uthathwa wokuthi unethonya elikhulu ezinganeni nasebancane abasebenzisa noma abahlangabezane nezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ngokwabo:

I-1. Naphezu kokungekho emthethweni, intsha ikwazi ukufinyelela kalula kwizinto eziphathekayo zobulili ezingcolile futhi lokhu kungabangela ukuhlukumeza, ukuhlanekezela, ukuhlukunyezwa, kanye / noma umlutha wemiphumela.

I-2. Ngokuvamile intsha iyanxuswa, ikhohlisiwe, idukisiwe, noma "i-mouse iboshelwe" ekubukeni okuqukethwe okuvezwa ngokocansi ku-intanethi.

I-3. Ukucwaninga kubonisa ukuthi ukuvezwa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kungenza kube nomqondo ohlala njalo kubantu abasha nokuthi lo mqondo uvame ukuchazwa usebenzisa imizwa efana nokudeka, ukuthuthumela, ukuhlazeka, intukuthelo, ukwesaba nokudabuka.

I-4. Ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi kanye / noma ukubandakanyeka engxoxweni yezocansi kungalimaza ukuthuthukiswa komphakathi nokucansi kwentsha futhi kuphazamise impumelelo yabo ebuhlotsheni obuzayo.

I-5. Ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ebusheni kuye kwahlotshaniswa nokuqala kokulala ngokobulili, kanye nokwanda okukhudlwana kokuhlanganyela ocansini obudala kanye nobuhlobo bobulili nabantu abangabathandana nabo ngokobulili.

Imithelela yeMisa Yezokuziphatha Ekubhekaneni Nezocansi Ezentsha Ukuhlola Isimangalo Se-Causality (2011)

Izifundo zomthelela wezindaba ezithinta abantu abaningi ekuziphatheni kobulili abasencane ziye zancipha ukuqoqa naphezu kobufakazi obude bokuqukethwe kocansi emithonjeni yezindaba. Imiphumela yemidiya yezocansi ishintshe kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva, kodwa, njengoba abacwaningi abavela ezifundweni eziningi baphendule ucingo lokubhekana nale ndawo ebalulekile yokufundiswa kocansi ngokocansi. Inhloso yalesi sahluko ukubukeza i-subset yezifundo eziqoqiwe ngemiphumela yokuziphatha ngokocansi ukucacisa ukuthi lesi sigaba somsebenzi sikhombisa yini isiphetho esiyinkimbinkimbi. Tizindinganiso ze-causal inference ezikhulunywe nguCheka noCampbell (1979) ziqashwe ukufeza le njongo. Kucatshangwa ukuthi ucwaningo oludlulela kulolu suku ludlula umkhawulo wokubaluleka kwesigatshana ngasinye futhi ukuthi imithombo yezindaba enkulu cishe ithonya ithonya lokuziphatha ngokobulili kwentsha yase-United States.

Umthelela Wezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Ze-Intanethi Kubantwana Abasha: Ukubukezwa kocwaningo (2012) - Kusukela esiphethweni:

Ukwandiswa kwe-intanethi yizingane ezisencane kudala amathuba angakaze abe khona okufundiswa ngokocansi, ukufunda nokukhula. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingozi yokulimala ebonakalayo kulezi zincwadi iye yaholela abacwaningi ukuba baphenye ukuvezwa kwentsha ezithombeni ezingcolile ezenzweni zokuzama ukuhlukanisa lobu buhlobo. Ngokuhlangene, lezi zifundo ziphakamisa ukuthi intsha edla izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ingase ihlakulele izinkolelo nezinkolelo ezingacabangi ngokocansi. Phakathi kokutholakele, amazinga aphakeme okuziphatha okuyekelelayo kwezocansi, ukukhathazeka ngokweqile ngokocansi, kanye nokuhlolwa kokuqala kwezocansi kuhlobene nokusetshenziswa kaningi kwezithombe zocansi….

Noma kunjalo, sekutholakele okuqhubekayo okuxhumanisa ukusetshenziswa kwentsha kwezithombe zocansi ezibonisa ubudlova ngamazinga akhulayo okuziphatha ngokocansi. Imibhalo ikhombisa ukuhlangana okuthile phakathi kokusebenzisa kwentsha izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nokuzicabangela. Amantombazane abika ukuthi azizwa ehlile ngokomzimba kunabesifazane abababheka kokuqukethwe kocansi, kuyilapho abafana besaba ukuthi kungenzeka bangabi namandla noma bakwazi ukwenza njengamadoda kule mithombo yezindaba. Intsha ibika nokuthi ukusebenzisa kwabo izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kwehlile njengoba ukuzethemba kwabo nokuthuthuka komphakathi kukhula. Ngokwengeziwe, ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi intsha esebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, ikakhulukazi ezitholakala ku-Intanethi, inamazinga aphansi okuhlanganiswa komphakathi, iyanda ezinkingeni zokuziphatha, amazinga aphezulu okuziphatha okubi, izigameko eziphakeme zezimpawu zokucindezeleka, nokwehla kokuhlangana ngokomzwelo nabanakekeli.

Isizukulwane esisha soMlutha Wezocansi (2013) - Yize kungeyona ukubuyekezwa kwezobuchwepheshe, bekungelinye lamaphepha okuqala ukuhlukanisa abasebenzisi abancane be-porn abaphoqayo kwizifundo "zakudala" ze-CSB. Isiphetho:

Kuphakanyiswa ukuthi umlutha wezocansi ungahlukaniswa ngama-etiologies amabili ahlukile. Umlutha “wesimanje” uphakanyiswa ukuthi uhluke kulokho kuvezwa okucacile kobulili obenziwa nge-inthanethi phakathi kwesiko lezocansi kakhulu kuqhuba ukuphoqeleka ngokocansi, kanti umlutha “wakudala” uqhutshwa ukuhlukumezeka, ukuhlukunyezwa, ukunamathiselwa okonakele, ukukhubazeka kokulawula umfutho, amahloni Ukuqonda okusekwe, nokuphazamiseka kwemizwelo. Ngenkathi bobabili bengabelana ngezethulo ezifanayo (indlela yokuphoqelela, ukuphazamiseka kwemizwelo, ukukhubazeka ngokobudlelwano), i-etiology nezinye izindlela zokwelashwa kungenzeka zihluke.

Ukulutha kocansi "okuvamile", ngenkathi kuxoxwa kakhulu, kuye kwaqaphela kakhulu ucwaningo, emphakathini oqeqeshiwe, nasesimweni esithandwayo. Izinketho zokwelapha, ngenkathi zingakaze zande, zihlukahlukene futhi zitholakalayo, ngisho nakancane ukuthi ukuqeqeshwa kobuchwepheshe bezocansi eziqinisekisiwe kuqhutshwa e-United States, okuvumela ochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo ukuba bathole ubuqiniso obuningi bokusebenza ngokusebenzelana nokulutha ngokocansi.

Ukulutha ngokocansi "kwesimanje", noma kunjalo, kuyinto engacwaningwa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni nasebusheni. Ucwaningo nezincwadi ziyashoda futhi, ngokuthakazelisayo, zivame ukushicilelwa zivela emazweni angaphandle kwe-United States (He, Li, Guo, & Jiang, 2010; Yen et al., 2007). Ucwaningo ngabesifazane abasebancane kanye nokulutha ngokocansi alukho nhlobo. Ukwelashwa okukhethekile ngabelaphi bezingane nentsha abaqeqeshwe ekuluthweni ngokocansi akuvamile kakhulu. Kodwa-ke inani elibalulekile lezingane, intsha kanye nabantu abadala abancane badinga ukwelashwa okukhethekile okunjalo, futhi umphakathi ochwepheshe uyaphuza ukuphendula. Ucwaningo, inkhulumomphendvulwano kanye nemfundo kuyadingeka ngokuphuthumayo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane ngokufanele nezidingo zalabo abancane kunabantu bethu abalwa nokuziphatha okuphoqelela ngokocansi.

Ingabe okuqukethwe kocansi emithonjeni entsha kuxhumene nokuziphatha kocansi kubantu abasha? Ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile nokuhlaziywa kwemeta (2016) - Kusuka okungaqondakali:

Ezenye: Izifundo eziyisishiyagalombili, zonke izigaba eziphambene nomklamo, zihlangabezane nenqubo yokufaka. Ucwaningo lwesithupha (abahlanganyeli be-10 352) bahlolisise ukuchayeka kwabantu abasebasha kuma-SEWs nabangu-8 (abahlanganyeli be-10 429) bahlola ukuthumela imiyalezo nge-SMS. Kwakukhona ukuhlukahluka okukhulu kulo lonke ucwaningo ekuchazeni nasekuchazeni imiphumela. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-meta kutholakale ukuthi ukucaciswa kwe-SEW kwakuhlobene nokulala ngokocansi; ukuthumelelana imiyalezo nge-sexting kwahlobaniswa nokuhlala ocansini, izenzo zobulili zamuva, utshwala kanye nezinye izinto zokusebenzisa izidakamizwa ngaphambi kocansi, kanye nabalingani bezocansi abasha kakhulu. Ucwaningo oluningi lwaluhlelwe ukulungiswa okulinganiselwe kulabo abathintekayo abangase babe khona.

iziphetho: Ucwaningo olunqamlezileyo lubonisa ubudlelwane obuqinile phakathi kokuchayeka okubikiwe kokuqukethwe ngokocansi emithonjeni entsha kanye nokuziphatha kobulili kubantu abasha. Ucwaningo lwesikhathi eside luzohlinzeka ithuba elikhulu lokulungisa ukuphazamiseka, nokuqonda kangcono emigwaqweni yezinkinga ezihambisana nabangane ababonwayo.

Imidiya nezocansi: Umbuso woPhando lwezobuciko, i-1995-2015 (2016) - Kusuka kokungabonakali:

Umgomo walokhu kubuyekezwa kwakungenxa yokwenza umsebenzi wokuhlola uphenyo wemiphumela yokuhlolisisa imidiya. Okugxile ekucwaningweni okushicilelwe ezincwadini zamaphephandaba ezibukezwa kontanga, phakathi kwe-1995 ne-2015. Isamba sezincwadi ze-109 eziqukethe izifundo ze-135 zibuyekezwe. The ukutholakala kwanikeza ubufakazi obuqinile bokuthi kokubili ukuvezwa kwelabhoratri kanye nokwehliswa kwansuku zonke, okuqukethwe kwansuku zonke kuhambisana ngqo nemiphumela eminingi, kufaka phakathi amazinga aphezulu wokunganeliseki komzimba, ukuzethemba okukhulu, ukusekela okukhulu kwezinkolelo zobulili kanye nezinkolelo zobulili ezingathandeki, futhi ngaphezulu ukubekezelelana ngokobudlova ngokocansi kubesifazane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvezwa kokuhlola kwalokhu okuqukethwe kuholela kokubili abesifazane nabesilisa ukuba babe nombono owehlisiwe wokufaneleka kwamakhosikazi, ukuziphatha, kanye nobuntu.

I-Adolescents ne-Pornography: Ukubuyekezwa kwe-20 Years of Research (2016) - Kusuka kokungabonakali:

Umgomo walokhu kubuyekezwa kwakuwukuhlelwa kocwaningo lwama-empirical olwakhicilelwe kuwo amaphephandaba we-English abuyekezwa kontanga phakathi kwe-1995 ne-2015 ngokudlanga, ukubikezela, kanye nemithelela yokusetshenziswa kwentsha kwezithombe zocansi. Lolu cwaningo lubonise ukuthi intsha isebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, kepha amazinga okwanda ayehluka kakhulu. Izinsana ezazisebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zivame ukuba yindoda, esiteshini esiphezulu se-pubertal, abafunayo izinzwa, futhi babe nobuhlobo bomndeni obuthakathaka noma obukhathazayo. Ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kwakuhlotshaniswa nemicabango yokuzijabulisa ngokobulili futhi kuhloswe ukuthi kuhlotshaniswe nezinkolelo zobulili ezingenasisindo eziqinile. Kwakubonakala sengathi kuhlotshaniswa nokutholakala kocansi, ukuhlangenwe nakho okukhulu ngokwendlela yokuziphatha ngokocansi, nokuhlukunyezwa okuningi kobulili, kokubili ngokubhekene nokuhlukunyezwa.

Izinhlangano zesikhathi eside phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezicacile ngokocansi kanye nokuziphatha kwabantu abasha kanye nokuziphatha: Ukubuyekezwa okulandwayo kwezifundo (2017) - Izingcaphuno:

Lokhu kubuyekezwa kuhlaziye izifundo ezenziwa isikhathi eside zibheka imiphumela yezinto ezibonakalayo ezocansi ezithombeni zentsha, izinkolelo kanye nokuziphatha.

Inhloso yalolu cwaningo bekuwukuhlinzeka ngokubuyekezwa okulandisayo kwezifundo ezinde ezigxile emiphumeleni yokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo zocansi kwabasakhulayo. Kunobudlelwano obuningi obuqondile phakathi kwezinto ezibonakalayo ezibonisa ucansi nezimo zentsha, izinkolelo nokuziphatha kwabo kulezi zifundo. Izinto ezibonakalayo eziveza ucansi zibonakale zithinta izimo zengqondo ezihlobene nezocansi, izinkolelo ezihlobene nobulili, amathuba okuba nokuya ocansini kanye nokuziphatha okunobudlova ngokocansi.

Tubuyekeze izifundo ezitholile ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezibeka obala ezocansi kungathinta izingqondo nezinkolelo ezahlukahlukene zentsha, njengokuzibandakanya ocansini (Peter & Valkenburg, 2008b), ukungaqiniseki ngokocansi (Peter & Valkenburg, 2010a; van Oosten, 2015), the ukuphikiswa kwabesifazane ngokocansi (Peter & Valkenburg, 2009a), ukwaneliseka ngokocansi (Peter & Valkenburg, 2009b), izingqondo zokuzijabulisa nezokuyekelela zocansi (Baams et al., 2014; Brown & L'Engle, 2009; Peter & Valkenburg, 2010b), izimo zengqondo ezilinganayo zobulili (uBrown & L'Engle, 2009) kanye nokubhekwa komzimba (Doornwaard et al., 2014).

Imiphumela Yokuvezwa Kwezindaba Zocansi Kubantu Abasakhulayo Nabaqhamukayo Ukuqomisana Nodlame Lwezocansi Isimo Sengqondo Nezindlela Zokuziphatha: Ukubuyekezwa Okubalulekile Kwezincwadi (2017) - Abstract:

Udlame lokuqomisana (DV) nodlame lwezocansi (SV) luyizinkinga ezandile phakathi kwentsha kanye nabantu abadala abasafufusa. Iqembu elikhulayo lezincwadi libonisa ukuthi ukuchayeka kwabezindaba okubeka obala ezocansi (i-SEM) kanye nabezindaba abanobudlova bezocansi (SVM) kungaba yingozi ku-DV ne-SV. Inhloso yalesi sihloko ukuhlinzeka ngokubuyekezwa kwezincwadi okuhleliwe nokuningiliziwe ngomthelela wokuvezwa kwe-SEM ne-SVM ku-DV nezimo zengqondo ze-SV nokuziphatha. Isamba sezifundo ezingama-43 ezisebenzisa amasampula abantu abasakhula nabasafufusa zabuyekezwa, futhi ngokuhlangana okutholakele kusikisela ukuthi:

(1) ukudalulwa kwe-SEM ne-SVM kuhlobene kahle nezinsumansumane ze-DV ne-SV kanye nokwamukela ezinye izindlela maqondana ne-DV ne-SV;

(2) ukudalulwa kwe-SEM ne-SVM kuhlobene nokuhlukunyezwa kwe-DV yangempela kanye nokucatshangwa kwe-SV, ukukhishwa kwenhliziyo, kanye nokungabambeki kokunye;

(3) I-SEM ne-SVM zinomthelela omkhulu ekuziphatheni kwe-DV ne-SV yamadoda kunokuziphatha kwabesifazane kwe-DV ne-SV; futhi

(4) izimo zengqondo ezihlobene ne-DV ne-SV nezintandokazi zabezindaba zilungisa ubudlelwano phakathi kokuvezwa kwe-SEM ne-SVM ne-DV ne-SV nokuziphatha.

Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezisencane: Sebenzisa: Ukubuyekezwa Kwezincwadi Zokwenziwa Kwezindlela Zokutadisha 2000-2017. (I-2018) - Okucashuniwe okuvela kwizigaba ezihlobene nemiphumela ye-porn kumsebenzisi:

Inhloso yalokhu kubuyekezwa kwezincwadi ezihlelekile ukudweba isithakazelo sokucwaninga emkhakheni nokuhlola ukuthi imiphumela ebonakalayo ebonakalayo ivela ezindaweni zokugxila kocwaningo.

Izimo Zengqondo Ngokuya Ocansini - Ngokubanzi, izifundo ze-21 zihlolisise isimo sengqondo sengqondo socansi kanye nokuziphatha okubhekiswe ocansi ngokuphathelene ne-PU. Akumangalisi ukuthi izinhloso zokudla izinto zobulili ezingcolile ziye zahlotshaniswa ngokuyinhloko nesimo sengqondo esivumelanayo sokucabangela i-PU kanye nomthelela omkhulu emibonweni yezocansi kanye nokuziphatha kocansi.

Intuthuko - Ukuhlukunyezwa, ukubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kutholakale kuthinta ukuthuthukiswa kwamanani, futhi ikakhulukazi labo abaya enkolweni ngesikhathi sokukhula. Akumangalisi ukuthi ukubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuye kwaboniswa ukuthi kunomthelela omkhulu, ukunciphisa inkolo yezingane ezisakhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngaphandle kobulili.

Ukuhlaselwa - Ukuveza izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezibudlova / ezonakele kubonakala sengathi kuvamile phakathi kwentsha, ehambisana nokuziphatha okuyingozi, futhi ikakhulukazi abesifazane, ihambisana nomlando wokuhlukunyezwa. Noma kunjalo, ezinye izicwaningo zaphetha ngokuthi ukucasha izithombe zobulili ezingcolile akuzange kubambisane nemikhuba yokuziphatha ngokobulili engozini nokuthi ukuzimisela ukuvezwa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile akubonakala kungathonya ukuziphatha kocansi okuyingozi phakathi kwentsha ejwayelekile. Naphezu kwalokhu, oukutholakala kwamanye amazwe kubonisa ukuthi ukuvezwa ngokweqile ku-PU kwakuhlotshaniswa nezinkinga zokuziphatha eziphakeme phakathi kwentsha, ukuhlukunyezwa kocansi okuxhumeke ku-intanethi kanye nokungqubuzana kocansi okuxhunyiwe ku-intanethi ngokuhlukunyezwa kwabafana kokuphoqelela ngokocansi nokuhlukunyezwa okuhlobene kakhulu nokubukwa okuvamile kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile.

Izinkinga zeMental Mind - Ngokweqile, futhi naphezu kokunye okungafundwayo ukuqinisekiswa ukuthi kukhona ubudlelwane phakathi kwempilo yengqondo empofu kanye ne-PU, iningi lezinto ezitholakalayo eziguqulwa ngaleyo PU ephakeme ngesikhathi sokukhula zivame ukuhambisana nomzwelo ophakeme (isb. ukucindezeleka) nezinkinga zokuziphatha. Kulomugqa, uLuder et al. uphakamise ukuhluka okuphathelene nobulili ekuhlanganiseni phakathi kwe-PU nokubonakaliswa kokucindezeleka nabesilisa abanikeza ingozi ephezulu. Lokhu kutholakala ngokuvumelana nezifundo ze-longitudinal eziveza ukuthi izinto ezibucayi ezingokwengqondo ezithintekayo zihilelekile ekuthuthukiseni ukusetshenziswa okuphoqelekile kwezinto eziphathelene nokucansi ngokobulili phakathi kwabafana abasha.

Amabhondi Omphakathi - Ngokubanzi, kubonakala sengathi kuvumelana ukuthi abasebenzisi abavamile abasebenzisa i-Internet yezithombe zobulili ezingcolile bavame ukuhlukahluka ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ezivela kubantu abasha abasebenzisa i-Internet ngolwazi, ukuxhumana nabantu kanye nokuzijabulisa.

Izici Zokusebenzisa I-inthanethi - Izici zokusetshenziselwa ku-intanethi zicwaningwe ku-15 ngaphandle kwezinguquko ze-57 ezifakiwe ekubuyekezweni okwamanje. Lokhu kuphakamisa ukuthi izici ezivamile zezingane ezitholakale ezithombeni zobulili ezingcolile zobulili kanye nokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi zihlanganisa amazinga aphakeme ekusebenziseni umdlalo we-inthanethi, ukuziphatha kwe-inthanethi, ukucindezeleka kanye nokubonakaliswa kwe-cyberbullying, nokuzivocavoca ngokobulili ngokuzithandela ku-intanethi.

Ukuziphatha Kobulili Bentsha - AUkuziphatha ngokocansi ngokuphathelene ne-PU kuye kwacwaningwa ngezifundo ze-11, nazo zonke izifundo ezibika imiphumela ebalulekile. Ucwaningo lwenziwe nguDoornward, et al. bathole ukuthi abafana abasha 'abanezinkinga zokuziphatha ngokocansi, kuhlanganise nokusetshenziswa kwezinto eziphathekayo ze-intanethi, babike amazinga aphansi okuzethemba, amazinga aphezulu okucindezeleka kanye namazinga aphezulu okukhathazeka ngokobulili. Kulo mongo, ezinye izifundo zibonise ukuthi abafana abatholakale behlanganyela ekusetshenzisweni kwezinto zokuzicabangela ngokobulili nezingosi zokuxhumana zenhlalo bathola ukuvunywa kontanga futhi babonisa ulwazi olukhulu lokucabangela ukubandakanyeka kwabo ngokobulili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abafana ababonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kaningi babevame ukuba nezimpikiswano zocansi ngesikhathi esincane futhi bahlanganyele ekuhlanganiseni okubanzi kocansi.

Ukusetshenziswa kwempahla ye-intanethi ecacile ngokocansi kanye nemiphumela yayo empilweni yabantwana: ubufakazi obamuva bezincwadi (2019) - Kusuka okungaqondakali:

Ukusesha izincwadi kwenziwa ku-PubMed ne-ScienceDirect ngo-March 2018 nombuzo "(izithombe zobulili ezingcolile KANYE noma izinto ezifakiwe e-intanethi ezicacile ngokocansi) NAKWENKANYE (ingane noma ingane noma OR osemusha) NOMA (nomthelela noma ukuziphatha noma OR impilo)". Imiphumela ekhishwe phakathi kwe-2013 ne-2018 yahlaziywa futhi iqhathaniswa nobufakazi obandulele.

Ngokuya ngezifundo ezikhethiwe (n = 19), ubudlelwane obuphakathi kokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile eziku-inthanethi nemiphumela eminingi yokuziphatha, yengqondo neyomphakathi - ukuqala kocansi kokuqala, ukuzibandakanya nabalingani abaningi kanye / noma ngezikhathi ezithile, ukulingisa ukuziphatha okuyingozi kocansi, ukufaka izindima zobulili ezihlanekezelwe, ukungasebenzi ukubona komzimba, ulaka, izimpawu ezikhathazayo noma ezicindezelayo, ukusetshenziswa kocansi okuphoqelekile - kuyaqinisekiswa.

Umthelela wezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezitholakala kuyi-intanethi empilweni yabantwana kubonakala sengathi kufanelekile. Udaba alukwazi ukushiywa indiva futhi kufanele lubhekiswe ekungeneleleni kwezwe jikelele nokuzibandakanya kwamanye amazwe. Ukunika amandla abazali, othisha nabachwepheshe bezempilo ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo zemfundo ezibhekene nalolu daba kuzobavumela ukuba basize izingane ekuthuthukiseni amakhono okucabanga abalulekile mayelana nezithombe zobulili ezingcolile, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwazo nokuthola imfundo ephathelene nokuziphatha ngokobulili ehambisana nezidingo zabo zentuthuko.

Ukubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ngokusebenzisa i-lens amalungelo lens (2019) - Izicaphuno ezimbalwa:

Imiphumela emibi ekhonjisiwe ibandakanyiwe, kepha ayikhawulelwanga koku: (1) izimo ezibucayi ngabesifazane (Brown & L'Engle, 2009; Peter & Valkenburg, 2007; Peter & Valkenburg, 2009; Häggstrom-Nordin, et al., 2006) ; (2) ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi kwabanye abantu abangaphansi (I-Ybarra neMitchell, i-2005; iMalamuth neHuppin, i-2005; i-Alexy, et al., I-2009); (3) ukungalungiswa kahle komphakathi (Mesch, 2009; Tsitsika, 2009); (4) ukukhathazeka ngokocansi (Peter & Valkenburg, 2008a); kanye (5) nokuphoqeleka (Delmonico noGriffin, 2008; Lam, Peng, Mai, noJing, 2009; URimington noGast, 2007; van den Eijnden, Spijkerman, Vermulst, van Rooij, no-Engels, 2010; Mesch, 2009).

Ucwaningo olwengeziwe lukhombisa ukuthi izithombe zocansi zisetshenziselwa ukucija nokuheha izingane ebudlelwaneni bokuhlukumeza ngokocansi (UCarr, 2003; "Ukuzilungisa ku-inthanethi," nd, 2015; I-United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2015). Izingxoxo zabanikezeli bezinsizakalo zangaphambili abasebenza nezisulu zokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi kwezingane ezenziwa ngoMeyi 2018 umqulu wokuthi abahlinzeki babona lokho okubonakala kungukwanda kwezigameko zokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi kontanga ezinganeni nokuthi umenzi wobubi wayevame ukuvezwa ezithombeni ezingcolile zobuningi kulezi zehlakalo (UBinford, Dimitropoulos, Wilson, Zug, Cullen, noRieff, abangashicilelwe).

Ngaphandle kwezincwadi ezigxile ngqo emiphumeleni engabangela ukutholakala kwezingane ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile, kunomqulu omkhulu kakhulu wezincwadi ezibhekisisa umthelela wokuhlaselwa kwezithombe zocansi kubantu abadala, kuhlanganise nabantu abadala. Njengomcwaningi ogxila ekuvezweni kwezingane ezingcolile zobulili, lezi zifundo ziphakamisa ubuhlobo phakathi kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nokuhlukunyezwa kwezenhlalakahle, kufaka phakathi ukuzihlukanisa komphakathi, ukuziphatha okubi, ukucindezeleka, ukuzibulala, nokuzihlukanisa ngokwezemfundo (Tsitsika, 2009; Bloom et al., 2015; Campbell, 2018).

Ukuhlolwa kwamantombazane ezingcolile zobulili njengoba izingane zibonisa ukuthi kunomthelela ekwakhiweni kwabo ngokwabo (UBrown noL'Engle, 2009).

Abafana abatholwa ezithombeni ezingcolile njengezingane babonisa imiphumela efanayo. Babonisa ukukhathazeka mayelana nokusebenza nokunganeliseki komzimba ("Ukuphepha Kwengane Online," i-2016; Jones, i-2018).

Kubonakala sengathi kukhona ukuhlangana phakathi kokuchazwa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nokubukwa kocansi kubesifazane (IHald, Kuyper, Adam, & de Wit, 2013; Hald, Malamuth, & Yuen, 2010).

Izingane zabo bobabili abesilisa nabesifazane abachayeke ezithombeni zobulili ezingcolile kungenzeka bakholwe ukuthi izenzo abazibonayo, njengokuya ocansini endunu nocansi lwamaqembu, ziyinsakavukela kontanga yabo (Livingstone & Mason, 2015). Intsha yabo bobabili ubulili obuvezwe ezithombeni zobulili ezingcolile isengozini yokuya ocansini phambilini (UBrown & L'Engle, 2009; Owens, et al. 2012), banabalingani abaningi (iWight & Randall, 2012; Flood, 2009, p. 389), futhi bazibandakanya ocansini olukhokhelwayo (Svedin Akerman, & Priebe, 2011; Wright & Randall, 2012).

Izingxenye zengqondo yengane kanye nokuzwela kwayo okuyingqayizivele kokuqukethwe okucacile ngocansi (2019) - Ambalwa ambalwa:

Ama-paradigms ayingqayizivele obuchopho bentsha afaka okulandelayo: 1) I-correx engakavuthwa engaphambi kwesikhathi kanye namasekhethi we-limbic and striatal over-reaction (Dumontheil, 2016; Somerville & Jones, 2010; Somerville, Hare, & Casey, 2011; UVan Leijenhorst et al. , 2010; UVigil et al., 2011); 2) Isikhathi esandisiwe se-neuroplasticity (McCormick & Mathews, 2007; Schulz & Sisk, 2006; Sisk & Zehr, 2005; Vigil et al., 2011); 3) Uhlelo lwe-dopamine olusebenzayo (Andersen, Rutstein, Benzo, Hostetter, & Teicher, 1997; Ernst et al., 2005; Luciana, Wahlstrom, & White, 2010; Somerville & Jones, 2010; Wahlstrom, White, & Luciana, 2010) ;

4) I-axis ebizwa nge-HPA (Dahl & Gunnar, 2009; McCormick & Mathews, 2007; Romeo, Lee, Chhua, McPherson, & McEwan, 2004; Walker, Sabuwalla, & Huot, 2004); 5) Amazinga we-testosterone akhulisiwe (Dorn et al., 2003; Vogel, 2008; Mayo Clinic / Mayo Medical Laboratories, 2017); futhi 6) Umthelela oyingqayizivele wamahomoni e-steroid (i-cortisol ne-testosterone) ekukhuleni kobuchopho ngesikhathi sewindi lokuhlenga (I-Brown & Spencer, i-2013; I-Peper, i-Hulshoff Pol, i-Crone, i-Van Honk, i-2011; i-Sisk ne-Zehr, i-2005; i-Vigil et al., 2011).

UBlakemore nozakwabo baye bahola insimu ekuthuthukiseni ubuchopho bentsha futhi baveze ukuthi iminyaka yentsha kufanele ibhekwe njengenkathi ebucayi ngenxa yokuhlelwa kabusha kobuchopho okwenzekayo (Blakemore, 2012). Izingxenye zobuchopho ezishintsha kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhula zihlanganisa ukulawula kwangaphakathi, ukuxubha okuningi nokuhlela (iBlakemore, 2012).

I-Blakemore ne-Robbins (2012) ebusheni obuxhumene nayo ekuthathweni kwezinqumo eziyingozi futhi kuthiwa yilobuphawu ekuhlukaniseni phakathi kokuthuthukiswa okuncane kancane, okuhambisanayo kokulawulwa kokucindezeleka nokuvimbela ukuphendula ngesikhathi sokukhula ngokuhambisana nokuthuthukiswa okungeyona inkinobho yesistimu yokuvuza, okuvame ukuphendula ngokukhululekile ivuza ngokukhula .....

Bobabili ukungasebenzisi nokusetshenziswa njalo yezithombe ezingcolile inthanethi amasayithi kakhulu ezihlobene ne maladjustment social phakathi intsha esikhulakhulile ngesiGreki (Tsitsika et al., 2009). Ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kube nomthelela ekubambezeleni ukwenza isaphulelo, noma ukuthambekela komuntu kokunciphisa imiphumela yesikhathi esizayo ngenxa yemivuzo esheshayo (Negash, Sheppard, Lambert, & Fincham, 2016). Negash kanye nozakwabo esetshenziswa isampula ayenetshisekelo Isilinganiso sobudala 19 no-20, lapho umlobi egqanyisiwe zazisekhona intsha esikhulakhulile eziphila kubhekwe.… ..

Siphakamisela isifinyezo sendlela yokusebenza, sicabangela amaphuzu ayingqayizivele ebuchosheni bezingane kanye nezici zezinto ezicacile ngokobulili. Ukuqoqwa kwezindawo ezibalulekile ezihlotshaniswa nobuchopho obuyingqayizivele bomntwana kanye nezinto ezicacile ngokocansi kuyaphawuleka.

Lapho kutholakala izinto ezibekela obala ezocansi, ukukhuthazwa kwe-amygdala ne-HPA axis kuzothuthukiswa ebusheni, uma kuqhathaniswa nomuntu omdala. Lokhu kuzoholela ekwehlisweni okuvelele kakhulu kwecortex yangaphambili kanye nokusebenza okuthuthukisiwe kwe-basal ganglia ebusheni. Lesi simo, ngakho-ke, singahlehlisa umsebenzi wokuphatha, okubandakanya ukuvimbela nokuzithiba, futhi kuthuthukise ukungafisi. Ngoba ubuchopho bentsha busakhula, buhambisana kakhulu ne-neuroplasticity.

I-prefrontal cortex ehamba "ngaphandle kwe-line," ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, iqhuba ukubuyiswa okucashile okuthanda ukuthuthukiswa okungaphansi. Uma ukungalingani kwe-neuroplasticity kuqhubeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kungaholela ekuthambekeni kwesekethe ye-cortical ebuthakathaka ngokuthanda isekethe enamandla kakhulu, engabeka ingane ebusheni ekuqhubekeni nokuzithokozisa nokungafisi. I-nucleus accumbens yentsha, noma isikhungo senjabulo sobuchopho, ingaba nokukhuthaza ngokweqile uma kuqhathaniswa nomuntu omdala. Amazinga akhuphukile e-dopamine azohumushela kwimizwa engathandwa kwabathelisi ehambisana ne-dopamine, enjengokuzijabulisa nokulangazelela (IBerridge, 2006; IVolkow, 2006)….

Ngenxa yewindi lokukhula kwenhlangano ngesikhathi sobusha, i-cortisol ne-testosterone zizoba nomthelela oyingqayizivele enhlanganweni yobuchopho noma ukusebenza kwemvelo kwamasekethe e-neural ahlukahlukene. Lo mphumela ubungeke utholakale kumuntu omdala ngoba leli windi lenhlangano livaliwe. Ukuvezwa okungapheli ku-cortisol kunamandla, ngesikhathi senhlangano yokushayela, okuqhuba i-neuroplasticity eholela ekusebenzeni kwengqondo ebucayi nasekuqineni kwengcindezi ngisho nalapho umuntu emdala (McEwen, 2004; Tsoory & Richter-Levin, 2006; Tsoory, 2008; McCormick & Mathews, 2007; 2010).

Ukuqina kokuthomba kokuthomba kwe-amygdala, okungenani ngokwengxenye, kuya ngobukhulu bokuchayeka kwe-testosterone ngesikhathi sewindi lokukhula kwentsha elibucayi (UDe Lorme, uSchulz, uSalas-Ramirez, noSisk, 2012; UDe Lorme noSisk, 2013; UNeufang et al., 2009; USarkey, u-Azcoitia, uGarcia- Segura, uGarcia-Ovejero, noDonCarlos, 2008). I-amygdala eqinile ixhumene namazinga aphakeme omzwelo nokuzilawula okuyekethisiwe (Amaral, 2003; Lorberbaum et al., 2004; De Lorme & Sisk, 2013)… ..

Iminikelo Yobunikazi Bokuxhumana Ngezocansi Emibonweni Yezocansi, Izimo Zontanga Eyaziwayo, Nokuziphatha Kwezicansi: Ukuhlaziywa Kwemeta (2019) - Izingcaphuno:

Iminyaka eyizinkulungwane zocwaningo iye yahlola umthelela wokuvezwa kwezinto ezingavumelekile zokuqukethwe kocansi kumaphephandaba. Kukhona ukuhlaziywa kwe-meta eyodwa kuphela kule sihloko, okusikisela ukuthi ukuvezwa "kumaphephandaba we-sexy" kunomthelela omkhulu ekuziphatheni ngokobulili. Kunezinamba eziningi zokulinganiselwa ekuhlaziyweni kwe-meta ekhona, nenhloso yalokhu kuhlaziywa kwe-meta ukuhlaziywa kwakuwukuhlola izinhlangano phakathi kokuchazwa kumabonakude ezocansi kanye nomqondo wabasebenzisi nokuziphatha kocansi.

Kusetshenziselwa ucwaningo olunzulu lwezincwadi ukuze uthole izihloko ezifanele. Ucwaningo ngalunye lwaluhlanganiswa nezinhlangano phakathi kokuchazwa kocansi kanye nomunye wemiphumela eyisithupha okubandakanya isimo sengqondo socansi (isimo sengqondo esivumayo, izintandane zokudlwengula, nokuziphatha kabi ngokobulili (ukuziphatha ngokobulili, iminyaka yobudala bobulili kanye nokuziphatha kocansi okulimazayo).

Ngokubanzi, lokhu kuhlaziywa kwemeta kubonisa ubudlelwane obuhlala njalo obuqinile phakathi kokusakaza kwemidiya kanye nesimo sengqondo socansi nokuziphatha okwenza izinyathelo eziningi zomphumela kanye nemidiya eminingi. Imidiya ibonisa ukuziphatha kocansi njengendlela evame kakhulu, yokuzilibazisa, futhi engenabungozi [3], futhi ukuhlaziywa kwethu kusikisela ukuthi ukwakheka kwesinqumo socansi kombukeli kungabonakala, ngokwengxenye, ngokubuka lezi zinhlobo zokuveza. Izinto esizifunayo zihluke ngokuqondile nokuhlaziywa kwe-meta-edlule, okuphakamisa ukuthi impikiswano yomphakathi ekuziphatheni ngokobulili yayingenangqondo noma ayitholakali [4]. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-meta yangaphambilini kusetshenziswe ubukhulu be-38 ubukhulu futhi bathole ukuthi imidiya "ye-sexy" yayibuthakathaka futhi ihlobene kancane nokuziphatha kocansi (r = .08), kanti i-metaanalysis yamanje isebenzisa izikhathi ezingaphezu kwe-10 inani lemikhiqizo yobukhulu (n = 394) futhi uthole umphumela cishe ophindwe kabili ubukhulu (r = .14).

Okokuqala, sithole ubudlelwane obuhle phakathi kokuchazwa kwezindaba zocansi kanye nentsha 'kanye nabantu abadala' abavusa ukucabanga ngokocansi kanye nemibono yezenzakalo zocansi zabo.

Okwesibili, ukutholakala kokuqukethwe kwezokuxhumana kwezocansi kuhlotshaniswa nokwamukelwa okukhulu kwezingqinamba zokudlwengula ezivamile.

Okokugcina, ukuchayeka kwezokuxhumana kwezocansi kutholakala ukubikezela ukuziphatha kobulili kuhlanganise nobudala bokuqala ngokobulili, isipiliyoni socansi jikelele, nokuziphatha kocansi okuyingozi. Le miphumela iguqulwe ngezindlela eziningi futhi inikeza ukusekelwa kokufakazela ukuthi abezindaba banikela ekuhlangenwe nakho kocansi kwababukeli abasha.

Nakuba ukuhlaziywa kwe-meta kubonise imiphumela ephawulekayo yokuvezwa kwezokuxhumana kwezocansi ezimweni zokuziphatha zobulili kanye nokuziphatha kuzo zonke iziguquguquko zentshisekelo, le miphumela ihlolwe yizinguquko ezimbalwa. Okubaluleke kakhulu, imiphumela ebalulekile yonyaka wonke yabonakala; Nokho, umphumela wawungaphezu kokuphindwe kabili kunabantwana abadala njengabadala abadala, mhlawumbe kubonisa ukuthi abathintekayo asebekhulile cishe banokuhlangenwe nakho okuningi, okuhlangenwe nakho kwezwe langempela ukudweba kunabalingani abancane [36, 37]. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umphumela wawunamandla kunamadoda uma kuqhathaniswa nabesifazane, mhlawumbe ngoba ukuhlolwa kocansi kufanelana neskripthi sesilisa sobulili [18] futhi ngoba izinhlamvu zesilisa zijeziswa kaningi kunabalingiswa besifazane ekuqalisweni ngokocansi [38].

Lokhu okutholakele kunemithelela ebalulekile empilweni yentsha neyengqondo yabantu abadala abasafufusa. Ukubona amazinga aphezulu ezenzo zocansi kontanga nokuyekelela ngokocansi kungakhuphula imizwa yengcindezi yangaphakathi yokuzama ucansi [39]. Kwesinye isifundo, ukuvezwa kokuqukethwe kwemidiya yezocansi ebusheni bokuqala kubonakale kuthuthukisa ukuqalwa kwezocansi ngezinyanga eziyi-9e17 [40]; nakho, ukuhlolwa kokuqala kungakhuphula ubungozi bezempilo yengqondo nengokomzimba [37].

Ubukhulu bomphumela obutholakala lapha bufana nalabo bezinye izindawo ezifundwayo zesayensi yezobuchwepheshe ezifana nomthelela wemidiya kubudlova [41], ukuziphatha kwe-prosocial [42], nesithombe somzimba [43]. Kuzo zonke lezi zimo, nakuba ama-akhawunti asebenzisa ama-akhawunti kuphela ingxenye yesilinganiso esiphezulu kwimiphumela yesithakazelo, abezindaba badlala indima ebalulekile. Lezi ziqhathaniso zikhomba ukuthi okuqukethwe kwezokuxhumana ngokocansi kuyinto encane, kodwa elandelanayo ekuthuthukiseni isimo sengqondo socansi kanye nokuziphatha kwabasakhulayo kanye nabantu abadala abakhulayo.

Kunesizinda esithakazelisayo esithinta leli phepha. (Bheka ingcaphuno esiphethweni sayo ngezansi kwe-abstract). I-Abstract ithi okunye ukuhlaziywa kwe-meta kuphela kule ndaba kuye kwashicilelwa. Leli phephandaba lathola ukuthi, "Umthelela wezindaba ezithinta ubulili obusha wawuncane ngokulingana nobukhulu obuseduze no-zero." Wawubhaliswa nguChristopher J. Ferguson: DAma-Sexy Media Promoting Sex Teen? Ukubuyekezwa kweMeta-Analytical and Methodological (2017)

Iminyaka eminingi, uFerguson uhlasele umqondo wokulutha kwe-intanethi, ngenkathi umkhankaso omkhulu wokugcina i-Internet Gaming Disorder iphuma ku-ICD-11. (Ulahlekelwe lowo ku-2018, kodwa umkhankaso wakhe uyaqhubeka emigqeni eminingi.) Eqinisweni, uFerguson noNicole Prause babengu-co-abhali emaphepheni amakhulu ezama ukuhlaziya izidakamizwa ze-intanethi. (Izimpendulo zabo zafakwa emaphepheni amaphepha ngabachwepheshe, ku lo magazini I-Journal of Addictions of Behavioral.) Lapha, abalobi be-meta-analysis bachaza indlela ukukhetha kukaMerguson okuyimpumelelo okuveza ngayo imiphumela.

Hamba uye emaphepheni we-cherry-okukhethiwe, avame ukungabi nalutho, angaphandle:

Izifundo ze-Alliance:

IHesse, C., nePedersen, CL (2017). Ubulili bezocansi obuhambisana nobulili bangempela: Yeka ukuthi izinto ezibeka obala ezocansi zikwenza kanjani ukuqonda kwethu ukwakheka kocansi, umzimba nokuziphatha. Ezocansi & Amasiko, 21 (3), 754-775. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Okokuqala, iminyaka yobudala yayineminyaka engama-24, ngakho-ke lesi akusona isifundo “sobusha.” Okwesibili, iningi lezifundo bekungabantu besifazane, ngakho-ke isifundo besingamele. Okwesithathu, ukuthola okuyinhloko ukuthi ababukeli be-porn banezibalo ezingconywana ekuhlolweni kwe-anatomy & physiology akuyona yonke into emangazayo. Lapho ubona kangcono ukukhumbula kwakho. Kungabonakala njengokwedethi, kepha umuntu angaxhumana kalula kalula nombhalo we-anatomy eku-inthanethi njengokubuka izithombe ezingcolile zobulili obunzima ukuze ufunde nge-anatomy.

Ngokwe "abahlanganyeli babike imiphumela emihle yokuzibonela kokusetshenziswa kwe-SEM kunomphumela omuhle,"Lokhu kulindeleke njengoba lolu cwaningo lusetshenziselwa imibuzo yokusebenzisa i-pornography eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Pornography Consumption Effect Scale (PCES). Njengoba kuchaziwe kulokhu i-YBOP kanye noprofesa wezingqondo the ukutadisha ukudala i-PCES kungaba isifundo esingahlonipheki kunazo zonke ezake zashicilelwa (iHald neMalamuth, 2008)

The I-PCES imibuzo yenzelwe futhi ilandelwe ukuze omunye ongcolile asebenzise izinzuzo ezinkulu. Eqinisweni, uma ungasebenzisi i-porn, ukungabi nokusetshenziswa kocansi kunomthelela omubi empilweni yakho ngokuvumelana nale nsimbi. Lokhu akusikho okwedlulisa ukucwaninga ngezifundo eziningi ezisuselwa ku-PCES uphetha kanjalo nje! Lokhu I-7-minute video critique ye-PCES yembula imiphumela eyinhloko kaHald & Malamuth kusuka kulokho uprofesa wezengqondo okhungathekile akubiza ngokuthi “i-nightmare engqondweni":

  • Ukusetshenziswa kobulili kwakunenzuzo njalo - okuncane, uma kukhona, ukuphazamiseka, kunoma ubani.
  • I-hardcore ye-porn eningi kakhulu imiphumela yayo emihle empilweni yakho. Ngamane nje, "Okunye okungcolile kuycono kangcono."
  • Kubo bobabili abashadile abasebenzisa izithombe ezingcolile, uma ukholelwa ngokwengeziwe ukuthi ubhekisela ocansini langempela, futhi uma uqhubeka nokushaya indlwabu ngaphezulu, imiphumela emihle kakhulu kuyo yonke indawo yokuphila kwakho.

I-PCES cishe ihlale ibika izinzuzo ngoba:

  1. I-Hald & Malamuth banquma ngokungahleliwe ukuthi yini umphumela omuhle "futhi" ongemuhle wokusetshenziswa kocansi. Isibonelo: "ukungezwa olwazini lwakho lwezocansi zangasese" kuhlala kuzuzisa, kanti "ukunciphisa imicabango yakho yezocansi" kuhlala kukubi.
  2. I-PCES inikeza isisindo esifanayo kwimibandela engahlolisisi imiphumela elinganayo. Ngokwesibonelo "Ungezile olwazini lwakho ngezocansi zangasese?"Angakwazi ukukhansela"Uholele ezinkingeni ekuphileni kwakho kocansi?"Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ucabanga ukuthi imiphumela engakahle ibe yimiphumela emihle, ayikho into efana nekhwalithi encishisiwe yokuphila (ukulahlekelwa umsebenzi, isahlukaniso), noma izinkinga zokuphila kwakho kocansi (ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile, akukho ukushayela ucansi).

Ngamanye amazwi, umshado wakho ungabhubhisa futhi ungaba ne-ED engapheli, kodwa amaphuzu wakho we-PCES angakabonisa ukuthi izithombe ze-porn zikuhle kakhulu kuwe. Njengomuntu ophulukisa umsebenzisi we-porn wathi ngemuva kokubuka i Imibuzo ye-47 PCES: "YYeah, ngiphumile eyunivesithi, ngathuthukisa izinkinga nezinye izidakamizwa, ngingakaze ngibe nentombi, ngilahlekelwe abangane, ngingena ezikweletini, nginayo i-ED futhi ngingakaze ngibe nobulili empilweni yangempela. Kodwa okungenani ngiyazi mayelana nazo zonke izenzo zezinkanyezi ze-porn futhi ngizosheshisa kuzo zonke izikhundla ezihlukene. Ngakho-ke, yebo, izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile zithuthukise ukuphila kwami. "

UPaasonen, S., Kyrölä, K., Nikunen, K., & Saarenmaa, L. (2015). 'Safihla omagazini bezithombe zobulili ezithandweni eziseduze': Umsebenzi wokukhumbula-mkhuba nokusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile eFinland. Ubulili, i-18 (4), i-394-412. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Analysis: Ukucaphuna kwamanani emali okwengeziwe. Kuyikhwalithi hhayi nge-porn ye-intanethi. Icela izakhamizi zaseFinland ezindala ezingama-45 ukuthi zikhumbule amava abo okuqala okuthola "izithombe zocansi". Leli phepha liqukethe izingcaphuno ezimbalwa ezikhethiwe (izinkumbulo) ezilandelwa ukuphawula. Uyadlala?

I-Spišák, S. (i-2016). 'Nomaphi lapho bethi kuyingozi kodwa bangasho ukuthi kanjani, ngakho-ke ngicela lapha': abantu abasha, izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nezingxoxo kanye nemibono yengozi nokulimala. Imfundo Yezocansi, i-16 (2), i-130-142. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Analysis: Isifinyezo se-Alliance sathi, “VKubantu abambalwa kulabo abasha abathintana nochwepheshe bezempilo ngocansi bahlangabezana nokuzicabangela kobulili ngokwabo njengokulimaza. Esikhundleni salokho, kuyinkulumo engozini eyenziwa njengokungaboni kahle. Ucwaningo aluhlosi ukuthola ubufakazi obucacile bokulimala maqondana nokuhlangana kwabantu abasha nezithombe zobulili ezingcolile. "

Isifinyeto susa imininingwane ebalulekile. Ukutadisha kusekelwe ekuqoqweni okungabonakali kwemibuto engaziwa ehanjiswe kumasevisi ahlukene e-intanethi ahloselwe abasebasha kanye nabantu abasha (ku-2013). Iphesenti elincane kuphela lemibuzo lalinokukhathazeka nge-porn. Kusukela ekufundeni:

Leli phepha lakha idatha ehlanganisa imibuzo ye-4212 mayelana nobulili eyathunyelwa abantu abasha eFinland kubachwepheshe bezempilo ngokobulili. I-64 kuphela (1.5%) yalezi zinikelo ezigxile ngokucacile ezithombeni ezingcolile.

Leli phepha liyaqhubeka:

Ngempela, izinguquko zomzimba emzimbeni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kanye nalokho okuthiwa 'ukujwayelekile' ukuthuthukiswa ngokomqondo nangokwecansi kuyimibuzo evame ukubuzwa njalo. Ezinye izihloko ezithakazelisayo zihloswe ngokocansi, ukukhulelwa, izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi kanye nobuhlobo (bheka uRinkinen 2012).

Umbhali usitshela ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kocansi akubangeli izinkinga ngoba bambalwa kakhulu ababuza ngakho. Amanye amathuba ambalwa akhona: (1) lezi zinsizakalo kungenzeka zingabonwa njengomthombo ofanele wemibuzo mayelana nokusetshenziswa kocansi, (2) izinkinga zentsha zingahle zihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwazo kocansi, kepha zehluleka ukwenza ukuxhumana, (3 Ukusetshenziswa kocansi kutholakala yonke indawo - intsha yazi okuningi nge-porn kunabantu abadala. Noma ngabe yikuphi, izifundo eziningi zibika imiphumela emibi eminingi ehlobene nokusetshenziswa kocansi (bheka isingeniso salesi sigaba).

Ngenxa yokuthi intombazane engakabi ukuxhumeka koqobo (noma umlingani wayo) ukusetshenziswa kobulili ngendaba akusho ukuthi ukusebenzisa i-porn akusho ukuthi kunomphumela. Linda iminyaka embalwa. Isibonelo, a Ucwaningo lwe-2019 BBC ukusikisela lokho I-20% yabalindi be-porn 18-25 ithi ithintshile ikhono labo lokulala. Ngaphansi kwekota (amaphesenti angu-24) walabo abacatshangelwe bavumile ukuthi baye bacindezeleka ukwenza izinto umlingani abone ku-porn futhi ngaphansi kweyodwa kwabahlanu (amaphesenti angu-19) bayavuma ukuthi bazame izinto abazibonayo ku-porn futhi bazisola . Ingxenye yesithathu (amaphesenti angu-35) avuma ukuthi abe ne-sex riskier ngenxa yezocansi. Cishe ingxenye yesine (amaphesenti angu-23) wabantu abaneminyaka engu-18-25 ababuka izithombe ezingcolile bacabanga ukuthi bangaba umlutha.

UMilas, G., Wright, P., & Štulhofer, A. (2019). Ukuhlola Okude Kwengxenyana Yomphakathi Phakathi Kwezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Sebenzisa nokugculiseka ngokocansi ekukhuliseni. I-Journal Sex Research, i-1-13. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Analysis: Ilungu le-Alliance u-Alexander Štulhofer. Njengokunye okunye okushiwo lapha, lezi zihloko zaziyi-Croatians eneminyaka engu-16 ubudala (u-Štulhofer ulokhu ebuza izingane ezifanayo ze-16 ngeminyaka yazo imibono yemiphumela ye-porn). Kulolu cwaningo uŠtulhofer ubuza abaneminyaka engu-16 mayelana namazinga abo “okwaneliseka kwezocansi,” ukuthola “akukho ukuhlangana okubalulekile phakathi kwezinguquko kumvuthwandaba wezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezisencane ezisebenzisa isikhathi esiningi nokwaneliseka ngokocansi.”Hhayi ngokushesha okukhulu uStulhofer. Ucwaningo lubike ukuthi i-90% yabesilisa ibuke i-porn, kuyilapho abesifazane abambalwa besebenzisa i-porn. Qagela ukuthi isifundo sitholani:

"Ngalesi sikhathi esibekiwe, ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi kwabahlanganyeli besilisa kwaba kanye ngesonto. Ngokuphambene nalokho, iningi labahlanganyeli besifazane alibikanga ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi. Uma kuqhathaniswa nontanga yabo, abesifazane besifazane baneliseke kakhulu ngokuphila kwabo ngokobulili. "

Kuyathakazelisa, kodwa inganakwa yi-The Deniers. Kodwa ingabe isifundo singahlola ngokunembile ukwaneliseka ngokobulili kuminyaka yobudala be-16? Kusukela ekufundeni:

"Iningi labahlanganyeli bethu belingenakho noma lilinganiselwe kuphela ocansini ekuqaleni"

Imibuzo embalwa: Ngesipiliyoni esincane kangaka, uneminyaka engama-16 ubudala angahlulela kahle kanjani ucansi olwanelisayo? Bangaki abaneminyaka engu-16 ubudala abanesidingo esivamile? Yimuphi umfana omdala we-16 akusho uthi uthola umsebenzi wocansi ukwanelisayo, akeke uhlale egcwele ucansi? Kuthiwani ngakho konke ukubuka izithombe ezingcolile ngo-16 oneminyaka engu-17 ubudala ababukela i-porn esikhundleni sokuya ocansini - bahlala kuphi kulolu cwaningo?

Njengoba kuboniswe kwenye indawo, imiphumela emibi yokusetshenziswa kocansi okuqhubekayo ngokuvamile ibonakala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi (iminyaka engamashumi amabili nantathu). Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi "ukwaneliseka ngokocansi" nokwaneliseka kobudlelwane. Sazi kanjani? Njalo isifundo esisodwa esithinta abesilisa abadala uye wabika ukusetshenziswa kokusetshenziswa kwe-porn ngaphezulu okuxhunywe kuyo abampofu ukwaneliseka ngokobulili noma ngokobudlelwane (bheka Izixhumanisi ezingaphezu kwe-70 zixhumanisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-porn kuya ekungeneni kocansi nokuzaneliseka komndeni.)

Lokho kusho ukuthi i-Denier ishiye zonke ezinye izifundo zentsha ehlola ubudlelwano phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile nokwaneliseka ngokocansi (kufaka nesifundo sesikhathi eside). Ukumangala - konke ukusetshenziswa kwe-porn okuxhunyanisiwe nokwaneliseka okuncane:

  1. Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, ukuzibandakanya kwezocansi nokugculiseka phakathi kwabesilisa abasha (2008)
  2. Ukuboniswa Kwengane Yobuningi Emibonweni Ye-Internet Eya ocansini ngokobulili Ukuneliseka ngokocansi: Isifundo se-Longitudinal (2009)
  3. Izinhlangano phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwabantu abadala abasezikhungweni ezibonakalayo zobulili kanye nokuthandwa kwabo ngokocansi, ukuziphatha, nokwaneliseka (2011)
  4. Imibiko Yabesifazane Yabesifazane Abakhudlwana Ngamanye Amanyalabuli Ezingcolile Zomlingani Wabo Abasilisa Abasebenzisa I-Correlate of Self-Esteem, Ubuhlobo Bobuhlobo, Nokugculiseka Ngocansi (2012)
  5. Ukuphindaphindiwe kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuhlotshaniswa ngokuqondile ngokuzethemba okuphansi kokungaboni kahle ngokusebenzisa izimpawu zokucindezeleka nokuhlaselwa ngokomzimba phakathi kwabasebasha baseShayina (2011)
  6. Izinhlangano phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwabantu abadala abasezikhungweni ezibonakalayo zobulili kanye nokuthandwa kwabo ngokocansi, ukuziphatha, nokwaneliseka (2011)

I-Deniers 'Alliance iveze obala.

UMarengo, D., Settanni, M., noLongobardi, C. (2019). Ubuhlobo phakathi kobulili, ukuzicabangela ngokocansi, ukuziphatha ngokocansi, nokuchayeka ekuhlukunyezweni kwe-Inthanethi ezincane ezisencane: Ukuphenyisisa indima yokuxazulula izinkulumo zokukhuluma nezokuthumelelana nokuthunyelwa komzimba. Ukubuyekezwa Kwezinsizakalo Zezingane Nezintsha. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Analysis: Okunye okushiwo ukwehla kwamandla emali, njengoba kungesona isifundo emiphumeleni enhle yezithombe ezingcolile. Kungani abaDeniers babhala ucwaningo lwe-sexting oluhlulekile ukuhlola ukusetshenziswa kocansi, nini ezinye izifundo eziningi baye bahlola ubuhlobo phakathi kokuthumelelana imiyalezo nge-porno? O, yebo, ngoba ukuqhutshwa kokucubungula kwezifundo kuhlobanisa ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe ezingcolile ekuthumeni imiyalezo.

UDawson, K., Nic Gabhainn, S., & MacNeela, P. (2019). Kuyisibonelo Sokufunda Ukuzizwa Ngocansi: Imiqondo Eyisisekelo, Amazwibela, Nokufinyelela. I-Journal Sex Research, i-1-15. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Analysis: Ukucaphuna okuningi kwe-inflation, njengoba kungesona isifundo ngemiphumela ye-porn. Kubonakala sengathi ikhuthaza "I-Porn Literacy Curriculum" yababhali.

URothman, EF, Adhia, A., Christensen, TT, Paruk, J., Alder, J., & Daley, N. (2018). Iklasi lokufunda nokuzilibazisa kolwazi olusha: Imiphumela yocwaningo lomqhubi we-pilot. I-American Journal of Sexual Education Education, 13 (1), 1-17. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Analysis: Ilungu lika-Alliance u-Emily Rothman. Ukwanda kokukhonjwa kwamandla emali, njengoba kungesona isifundo ngemiphumela yezocansi. Futhi, kubonakala sengathi ithuthukisa "Ikharikhulamu Yokufunda Ngocansi."

UKohut, T., & Štulhofer, A. (2018).Ingabe izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zisengozini yokuphila kwentsha? Ukuhlolisana kobudlelwane besimiso ema-sampuli amabili wepaneli ozimele. I-PloS eyodwa, i-13 (8), i-e0202048. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Amalunga Alliance Taylor Kohut no-Alexander Štulhofer. Isilinganiso seminyaka eyi-16, namaCroatia kuphela (njengakwizifundo eziningi zika-Štulhofer). Okokuqala, njengoba kuphawuliwe ngezansi, imiphumela emibi yokusetshenziswa kocansi okuqhubekayo ihlala ibonakala ngemuva neminyaka yokweva eshumini nambili. Okwesibili, idatha zifakwe Kohut & Štulhofer cwaningo ngezansi, ukuze sikwazi ukubuka le izifundo 2 njengoba ezimbili neengcezu isifundo esisodwa. Nakuba kokubili izifundo bagomela ngokuthi izinguquko ku-porn ayengahlobene izinguquko enhlalakahle yengqondo, kokubili izifundo zathola ukuthi ukusebenzisa i-pornhlobene kwakuhlobene nokuphila kwengqondo empofu. Okucaphuno:

Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kwakuhlobene nokunyuka kokubili ukuzethemba kanye nezimpawu zokucindezeleka nokukhathazeka, yize kuphela phakathi kwabesifazane abakhulayo kwelinye lamaqembu amabili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inhlalakahle ephansi yokuziphendulela yayihlotshaniswa nokwanda okulandelwayo ekusetshenzisweni kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile, kodwa kuphela kubantwana besifazane kwelinye iphaneli.

Kungani izifundo Štulhofer abonakala ukuthola izinkinga ezimbalwa ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa porn, kuyilapho preponderance zocwaningo owenza izinkinga yokuthola? Ngokwesibonelo, leli khasi liqukethe Izifundo ezingaphezu kwe-75 zixhumanisa ukusetshenziswa kocansi nezimpofu ezingokwengqondo-ezingokomzwelo nemiphumela empofu yokuqonda. Ezinye zezifundo zise-longitudinal futhi abambalwa babenabasebenzisi bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile bakhipha izithombe ezingcolile zobulili isikhathi eside.

Štulhofer, A., Tafro, A., & Kohut, T. (2019).Dynamics kwentsha ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye ezingokwengqondo inhlalakahle: six-ngiyontengantenga ukukhula esicashile futhi esicashile ekilasini ukumodeliswa indlela. European Ingane & Engane Psychiatry, 1-13. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Amalunga Alliance Taylor Kohut no-Alexander Štulhofer. Okokuqala, idatha ifakiwe esifundweni esingenhla seKohut & Štulhofer, ngakho-ke singabuka lezi zifundo ze-2 njengamahafu amabili ocwaningo olulodwa. Okwesibili, isilinganiso seminyaka sasingu-16 (amaCroatia kuphela). Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi imiphumela emibi yokusebenzisa i-porn okuqhubekayo ivame ukuvela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi (amashumi amabili namashumi amathathu). Okwesithathu, futhi okubalulekile, isifinyezo se-Alliance sishiye imiphumela ebalulekile:

"Ubudlelwane obubi obubalulekile butholakala phakathi kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile zentsha yezingane ezisencane kanye nokuphila kahle kwengqondo esisekelweni"

"Amazinga aphansi kakhulu okucindezeleka nokukhathazeka atholakala phakathi kwezingane ezisencane ezibika ukuthi imvamisa ephansi kunazo zonke yezithombe zobulili ezingcolile zisebenzisela"

Kalula nje, ukusetshenziswa kocansi okuningi kwakuhlobene nenhlalakahle empofu yengqondo kwabesifazane, ngenkathi imvamisa ephansi kakhulu yokusetshenziswa kocansi yayihlobene namazinga aphansi kakhulu wokucindezeleka nokukhathazeka kwabesilisa. Okutholwe ngu-Štulhofer noKohut kumelela ukutholwa okukhishwe nge-cherry, njengoba Izifundo ezingaphezu kwe-75 zixhumanisa ukusetshenziswa kocansi nezimpofu ezingokwengqondo-ezingokomzwelo nemiphumela empofu yokuqonda.

UPeter, J., & Valkenburg, PM (2011). Tusebenzisa izinto ze-intanethi ezicacile ngokocansi kanye nezithako zalo: Ukuqhathaniswa kwe-longitudinal kwentsha kanye nabantu abadala. I-Archives yokuziphatha ngokocansi, i-40 (5), i-1015-1025. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Kungani lo iphepha ohlwini? Ukwanda kokukhonjwa kwamandla emali, njengoba kungesona isifundo ngemiphumela yezocansi. Imibiko cwaningo Dutch ukuthi izi- nhloko zisebenzisa porn kanengi ukudlula wesilisa ingane, kodwa lokhu Qondanisa nezinye izifundo eziningi. Yobudala idatha (kusukela ngo-2008), futhi izibonelo zalokho kuphela izwe elincane, ungabhekana imiphumela ezingasadingeki. Noma mhlawumbe intsha Dutch ithambekele kakhudlwana amanga mayelana nokusebenzisa kwabo porn. Imiphumela 2008 musa qondanisa ngedatha wakamuva kakhulu -Ukusetshenziswa kwabase-Australia abasezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nabangane ngokuziphatha kocansi (2017). Lesi sifundo kuma-Australia, esinesikhathi eside se-15-29, sithole ukuthi i-100% yamadoda (82% yabesifazane) ibheke izithombe zobulili ezingcolile. Futhi, amaphesenti angu-69 wabesilisa namaphesenti angu-23 wabesifazane abheke kuqala izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ngesikhathi se-13 noma kuncane. Ukwengeza lolu cwaningo libike ukuthi ukubuka izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingaphezulu okuhambisana njalo nezinkinga zempilo yengqondo.

UVan Ouytsel, J., Ponnet, K., noWalrave, M. (2014).Ukuhlangana phakathi kokusebenzisa kwentsha izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye namavidiyo omculo nokuziphatha kwabo ngocansi. ICyberpsychology, Ukuziphatha, kanye Nezokuxhumana, 17 (12), 772-778. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Njengoba isifinyezo se-Alliance sathi “Ukuziphatha okuthunyelwe nge-sexting kwakuhlobene kakhulu nokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile, lapho kulawulwa iminyaka yobudala, ubulili, ithrekhi yesikole, nokusetshenziswa kwe-Inthanethi."

Amafilimu noma Isigaba Sokushaya Indlwabu

Okuqukethwe / Eqinisweni: I-conundrum ye-Deniers: okufanele ukwenze mayelana zonke izifundo eziningi ezixhumanisa ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe ezingcolile kumiphumela emibi kakhulu embi? Njengoba i-Deniers ingakwazi ukukhipha izicucu eziningi kakhulu zokufunda nokucabangela, zakha isu elisha lokusekela umkhankaso wabo we-agnotology: ukusola zonke izinkinga zobulili ezingcolile ngokushaya indlwabu esikhundleni salokho. (Yisho ini?)

In I-2016 ezimbalwa ze-Deniers (Ley & Prause) baba ngochwepheshe bokuqala ukuzama ukukholisa umhlaba ukuthi ukushaya indlwabu, hhayi ukusetshenziswa kwe-digital porn, kwakungenxa ye- gxuma kakhulu kumazinga e-erectile ukungasebenzi emadodeni ngaphansi kwe-40. "Inani" laleli phuzu lokukhuluma elikhuthele likwazi ukufaka ukungabaza emqondweni womphakathi mayelana nezingozi ze-pornography. Kuyisiphazamiso esimangalisayo kuzo zonke izici ezikhomba ukuxhaphazwa ngokweqile kwezingcingo ze-intanethi ezibangela ukulimala.

Kodwa-ke, akukho nolunye lwezifundo ezishiwo yi-Deniers, ngaphandle kokudodobala okukodwa, okunikeza okuncane ukuxhaswa kwe-herring ebomvu. Okuhlukile, iphepha lesazi sezokuhlalisana kwabantu, u-SL Perry, ebingenayo idatha ethembekile yemvamisa yokushaya indlwabu, empeleni akuyona into engacatshangwanga - njengoba kuxoxwe ngezansi.

Ochwepheshe bezocansi beqiniso akusho ukuthi ukushaya indlwabu kudala i-ED encane. Ngokuqinisekile izazi ze-urologists, ochwepheshe be-front-line emphakathini wezocansi, musa. Iqiniso liwukuthi, cishe akekho emlandweni wezocansi zesimanje (asindise lezi zinsuku ezimbalwa zesifo socansi) owake wabonisa ukuthi ukushaya indlwabu kungabangela izinkinga ezifana okungapheliyo Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile kumadoda amasha. Ngempela, ukushaya indlwabu kuye kwazuzisa iminyaka eminengi. Ngokwemvelo, ukuhleka kwe-ole ngokwakho kungakujabulisa kanjani ukuchaza izinguquko kwezinye izibonisi zobulili zabasebenzisi abathile ezibucayi ukuthi ukuhlangana nabalingani bangempela akuvusa? Zingayichaza kanjani izikhathi ezibuhlungu zokubuyisa ezinye izinsizwa ezibika ngemva kokuyeka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile? Ukushaya indlwabu kuchaza kanjani ngezifundo ze-70 ezixhumanisa ukusetshenziswa kocansi ukunciphisa ukwaneliseka ngokocansi nokuzwana (kufaka phakathi izifundo ze-7 longitudinal)?

Ngesikhathi ama-Deniers engaqondakali ngokucacile ekuchazeni kahle Kanjani ukushaya indlwabu kungabangela i-ED engapheli ngamadoda amancane enempilo, isiphetho esiwukuphela kwesisusa ukuthi basho ukuthi ukushaya indlwabu kubangela ukuhlukumeza kakhulu kangangokuthi labo abalimele abakwazi ukufeza ukulungiswa. Inkinga, ukuhlukunyezwa okunjalo luhlobo lwe eziphilayo I-ED (itholakale kalula ngabahlinzeki bezempilo). Ngenkathi kunezifundo ezehlukene ezibonisa a 500-1000% ukwanda ku-ED kumadoda ngaphansi kwe-40, akukho sitatimende esikhombisa ukulimala okukhulu kwezicubu ngemuva kwalokhu kukhula okukhulu. Iqiniso liwukuthi, iningi labantu abanesidakamizwa se-porn elibangelwa i-ED lingakuthola ukulungiswa nokushaya indlwabu ukuze kuphele kahle ... uma nje bebuka izithombe ze-intanethi.

Ngamafuphi, ukungabi khona kwezinkinga eziphilayo ezingokwenyama noma ezingokwengqondo, ukuphazamiseka nokuvuswa kocansi akuzona izinkinga ezithombeni zokushaya indlwabu ngaphandle uma besebenzisa i-porn digital. Isiqubulo seDeniers 'Alliance sibonakala ngathi: "Akukwazi porn ... .anything kodwa porn."

Mayelana namaphepha e-Alliance, eyodwa kuphela iphepha imizamo ukuba sizihlole ukuthi "porn yayo noma ukushaya indlwabu", futhi ehluleka ukwenza kanjalo ngoba babengenalo idatha esinokwethenjelwa indlwabu imvamisa (Perry, 2019). Zonke Ama-Alliance amaphepha amasha awenzi lutho ngalesi sihloko esithi: "Ingabe i-pornography noma ukushaya indlwabu ngemuva kwemiphumela emibi ebikiwe?". I-RealYBOP ithemba ukuthi akekho ohlola umsebenzi wakhe. Senzile.

Ama-Alliance Papers:

UCarvalheira, A., Træen, B., & Štulhofer, A. (2015). Ukushaya indlwabu kanye nezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kusetshenziswa phakathi kwamadoda ahlanganisiwe abesilisa abesilisa nabesilisa abanesifiso sobulili esinciphile: Zingaki izindima zokushaya indlwabu?. Ijenali yezocansi nokwelashwa komshado, 41 (6), 626-635. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Ilungu le-Alliance u-Alexander Štulhofer. Ukucaphuna ukwehla kwamandla emali. Akutsheli lutho ngokuthi ngabe "ukushaya indlwabu noma amafilimu" (sengathi ukusetshenziswa kocansi nokushaya indlwabu kungahlukaniswa ngokuthembekile ezifundweni ezisebenzisa ukukhumbula kuphela). Izifundo kuphela ezilandela abasebenzisi be-porn abagwema i-porn ngokuhamba kwesikhathi abangaqala nokuhlola imiphumela ehlukile yokushaya indlwabu kanye ne-porn. Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi ukushaya indlwabu ocansini kuhlotshaniswa nokwehla kwesifiso sobulili nokusondelana kobuhlobo obuphansi. Okucashunwe esifundweni:

Phakathi kwamadoda abashaya indlwabu njalo, U-70% wasebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile okungenani kanye ngesonto. Ukuhlola okunomthelela emphakathini kubonisa ukuthi isisu socansi, ukubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile okuvamile, futhi ubudlelwano obuseduze nobuhlobo obuseduze bukhulisa kakhulu amathuba okubika ngokushaya indlwabu phakathi kwamadoda ahlangene nesifiso sobulili.

Phakathi kwamadoda [anesifiso socansi esinciphile] owasebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile okungenani kanye ngesonto [ku-2011], I-26.1% ibike ukuthi abakwazanga ukulawula ukusetshenziswa kwabo kocansi. Ngokungeziwe, amadoda angu-26.7% abike ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwabo kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuphazamise kabi ubulili babo obuhlukanisiwe futhi i-21.1% ithathe ukuzama ukuyeka ukusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile.

Wow - engaphezu kuka-25% uthe ukusetshenziswa porn kwase ongemuhle ocansini ezimpilweni zabo. Futhi ukusetshenziswa kocansi kwakuhlobene nokunciphisa isifiso sobulili kanye nesithukuthezi nabalingani bezocansi. Awuzange uthole labo ibhithi namanzi kusukela Kafishane Alliance.

IHald, GM, neMalamuth, NM (2008). Imiphumela ozibona ngayo yokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi. Izinqolobane zokuziphatha ngokocansi, 37 (4), 614-625.

Ukuhlaziywa: Ukulandisa kwamandla emali. Lisitshela lutho mayelana nokuthi kungcono "ukushaya indlwabu noma amafilimu". Lolu cwaningo creeted njengoba Izithombe zocansi Ukusetshenziswa Effect Scale (PCES). Njengoba kuchaziwe kulo i-YBOP kanye noprofesa wezingqondo the ukutadisha ukudala i-PCES kungaba isifundo esingahlonipheki kunazo zonke ezake zashicilelwa (iHald neMalamuth, 2008)

The I-PCES imibuzo yenzelwe futhi ilandelwe ukuze omunye ongcolile asebenzise izinzuzo ezinkulu. Eqinisweni, uma ungasebenzisi i-porn, ukungabi nokusetshenziswa kocansi kunomthelela omubi empilweni yakho ngokuvumelana nale nsimbi. Lokhu akusikho okwedlulisa ukucwaninga ngezifundo eziningi ezisuselwa ku-PCES uphetha kanjalo nje! Lokhu I-7-minute video critique ye-PCES yembula imiphumela eyinhloko kaHald & Malamuth kusuka kulokho uprofesa wezengqondo okhungathekile akubiza ngokuthi “i-nightmare engqondweni":

  • Ukusetshenziswa kobulili kwakunenzuzo njalo - okuncane, uma kukhona, ukuphazamiseka, kunoma ubani.
  • I-hardcore ye-porn eningi kakhulu imiphumela yayo emihle empilweni yakho. Ngamane nje, "Okunye okungcolile kuycono kangcono."
  • Kubo bobabili abashadile abasebenzisa izithombe ezingcolile, uma ukholelwa ngokwengeziwe ukuthi ubhekisela ocansini langempela, futhi uma uqhubeka nokushaya indlwabu ngaphezulu, imiphumela emihle kakhulu kuyo yonke indawo yokuphila kwakho.

I-PCES cishe ihlale ibika izinzuzo ngoba:

  1. I-Hald & Malamuth banquma ngokungahleliwe ukuthi yini umphumela omuhle "futhi" ongemuhle wokusetshenziswa kocansi. Isibonelo: "ukungezwa olwazini lwakho lwezocansi zangasese" kuhlala kuzuzisa, kanti "ukunciphisa imicabango yakho yezocansi" kuhlala kukubi.
  2. I-PCES inikeza isisindo esifanayo kwimibandela engahlolisisi imiphumela elinganayo. Ngokwesibonelo "Ungezile olwazini lwakho ngezocansi zangasese?"Angakwazi ukukhansela"Uholele ezinkingeni ekuphileni kwakho kocansi?"Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ucabanga ukuthi imiphumela engakahle ibe yimiphumela emihle, ayikho into efana nekhwalithi encishisiwe yokuphila (ukulahlekelwa umsebenzi, isahlukaniso), noma izinkinga zokuphila kwakho kocansi (ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile, akukho ukushayela ucansi).

Ngamanye amazwi, umshado wakho ungabhubhisa futhi ungaba ne-ED engapheli, kodwa amaphuzu wakho we-PCES angakabonisa ukuthi izithombe ze-porn zikuhle kakhulu kuwe. Njengomuntu ophulukisa umsebenzisi we-porn wathi ngemuva kokubuka i Imibuzo ye-47 PCES: "YYeah, ngiphumile eyunivesithi, ngathuthukisa izinkinga nezinye izidakamizwa, ngingakaze ngibe nentombi, ngilahlekelwe abangane, ngingena ezikweletini, nginayo i-ED futhi ngingakaze ngibe nobulili empilweni yangempela. Kodwa okungenani ngiyazi mayelana nazo zonke izenzo zezinkanyezi ze-porn futhi ngizosheshisa kuzo zonke izikhundla ezihlukene. Ngakho-ke, yebo, izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile zithuthukise ukuphila kwami. "

IBaćak a, V., & Štulhofer, A. (2011). Ukushaya indlwabu phakathi kwabesifazane abasebancane abenza ucansi eCroatia: Ukuhlangana nenkolo nokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi. Ijenali Yomhlaba Wonke Yezempilo Yezocansi, 23 (4), 248-257. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Ilungu le-Alliance u-Alexander Stulhofer. Ukwanda kwamanani entengo. Ucwaningo alutsheli lutho ngokuthi ngabe "ukushaya indlwabu noma amafilimu". I-Alliance ibinembile kwisifingqo sayo:

I-60% yabahlanganyeli besifazane ibike ukushaya indlwabu. Ukusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kwakunamandla kakhulu, okuhloswe okuhlobene nokushaya indlwabu.

Lisho ukuthini leli ithi mayelana nokuthi "porn noma ukushaya indlwabu" obangela ampofu ubuhlobo ukwaneliseka? Lutho.

I-Hald, GM (2006). Ukuhlukana kobulili ekusetshenzisweni kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile phakathi kwabantu abadala abaseDenmark abashadile. I-Archives yokuziphatha ngokobulili, i-35 (5), i-577-585. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Okuningi ukulandisa kwamandla emali. Nakulokhu futhi, ucwaningo alutsheli lutho ngokuthi ngabe “ukushaya indlwabu noma amafilimu” yini. I-Alliance unembile, kulowonyaka ngaphambili ukuchayeka porn sihlobene porn ukusetshenziswa enkulu njengoba izifundo abaneminyaka:

Uma kuqhathaniswa nabesifazane, amadoda athola izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ngesikhathi esincane, wadla izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile njengoba zilinganiswa isikhathi kanye nemvamisa, futhi zivame ukusetshenziswa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ngesikhathi sokuzicabangela zodwa.

Lokhu kutholakala kungahunyushwa kalula njengokuchazwa kwangaphambili okuholela ekukhuleni kokusetshenziswa kocansi, okuyisiginiso sokujwayela, noma ngisho nenqubo yokulutha umlutha.

Ley, D., Prause, N., & Finn, P. (2014).Umbusi akanalo izingubo: Ukubuyekezwa kwe-'addiction 'yamodel. Imibiko yezempilo yocansi yamanje, i-6 (2), i-94-105. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Amalungu e-Alliance uDavid Ley, uNicole Prause, uPeter Finn. Kuqediwe ngo-2o13, kushicilelwe ekuqaleni kuka-2014. Akusikho ukubuyekezwa kwangempela kwemibhalo. Lokhu okulandelayo ukuhlaziywa okude kakhulu kwengxenye yombono kaDavid Ley, ehambisana nomugqa nomugqa, icaphuna ngokucaphuna okukhombisa wonke ama-shenanigans Ley, Prause & Finn afakwe "ekubukezeni" kwabo: U-Emperor Alikho Izingubo: I-fairytale ephukile ebeka njengesibuyekezo. Kuqeda ngokuphelele lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukubuyekeza, futhi kubhala inqwaba yezinkulumo ezingezona zocwaningo abalukhulumile. Isici esishaqisayo kakhulu sokubuyekezwa kukaLey ukuthi sishiye ZONKE izifundo eziningi ezibike imiphumela emibi ehlobene nokusetshenziswa kocansi noma ukuthola ukulutha kocansi!

Yebo, ufunda ukuthi kulungile. Nakuba ethathwa bhala "Injongo" ukubuyekeza, Ley & Prause walungisiswa sokukhipha amakhulu izifundo ngezizathu zaziyizinto izifundo correlational. Qagela? Cishe bonke izifundo ku porn kukhona correlational, kuhlanganise nalabo ekhonjiwe, beklolodela. Kalula nje, Ley et al., 2014 kukhombisa ikhasi lokucwaninga le-Denier's Alliance: Amaphepha ambalwa akhethwe ngama-cherry, avame ukungabaluleki ayacashunwa futhi avame ukumelwa kabi - ngenkathi konke ukubuyekezwa, konke ukuhlaziywa kwe-meta, nakho konke ukutadisha okubika imiphumela emibi ehlobene nokusetshenziswa kocansi kushiyiwe. Ekugcineni, lokhu kumane kungukucaphuna lokwehla kwamandla emali njenge Ley et al. yehluleka ukuphendula lo mbuzo ocatshangwa ukuthi: “ingabe iFilimu noma i-Masturbation?".

umbono real uchwepheshe sika? Bheka lokhu kubuyekezwa kwakamuva okususelwa ku-neuroscience kwemibhalo namazwana aphawula okuphikisayo okungasekelwa nguLey / Prause / Finn:

  1. Ukubuyekezwa ngokuphelele kwezincwadi ze-neuroscience ezihlobene nama-subtypes wokulutha kwe-Intanethi, ngokugxila ngokukhethekile ekuluthweni kocansi lwe-inthanethi, bona - I-neuroscience ye-Inthanethi ye-Pornography Umlutha: Ukubuyekezwa nokuvuselelwa (2015). Ukubuyekezwa kubuye kuhlaziye izifundo ezimbili zakamuva zokubamba izihloko ze-EEG ezisho ukuthi "zenze" umlutha wezocansi.
  2. Ukwehla kwesifo socansi njengesifo: Ubufakazi bokuHlola, ukuHlola, nokuphendula kwabaphikisi (2015), enikeza ishadi elibhekene nokugxeka okuqondile nokunikeza izikhalazo ezibaphikisayo.
  3. Ingabe ukuziphatha kocansi okuphoqelekile kufanele kuthathwe njengesiyaluyalu? (I-2016) - Ukubuyekezwa kwe izincwadi ngokunikela phezulu ososayensi bezinzwa ukuluthwa baseYale & Cambridge Amanyuvesi
  4. Ukuziphatha Ngokweqile Ngokuzibandakanya Ngokobulili njengokweqile Ukuziphatha Ngokweqile: Impembelelo Ye-Inthanethi Nezinye Izinkinga (2016) - Iyanweba kusibuyekezo esingenhla.
  5. Isisekelo se-Neurobiological of Hysexsexality (2016) - Ngezinkanyezi ze-Max Planck Institute
  6. Umlutha We-Cybersex (2015) - Ngososayensi bezinzwa baseJalimane abashicilele inani elikhulu kakhulu lezifundo ngokulutha kwe-inthanethi ngocansi
  7. Ingabe Izithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Zase-Internet Zibangela Ukuhlukunyezwa Ngokocansi? Ukubukezwa Ngemibiko Yomtholampilo (2016) - Ukubuyekezwa okubanzi kwezincwadi ezihlobene nezinkinga zocansi ezibangelwa ucansi. Ukumbandakanywa US Navy odokotela, isibuyekezo inikeza imininingwane yakamuva ukwembula kuyanda okukhulu izinkinga zobulili bobusha. Iphinde libuyekeza izifundo zezinzwa ahlobene imilutha porn ne conditioning ngokobulili nge porn Inthanethi. Odokotela ahlinzeke 3 imibiko basemtholampilo amadoda ezahlela dysfunctions ngokobulili porn olubangelwa
  8. Ukuhlanganisa ukucatshangelwa kwengqondo kanye neurobiological mayelana nokuthuthukiswa nokugcinwa kwezinkinga ezithile zokusebenzisa i-Inthanethi: Ukusebenzisana komuntu-ukuthinta-ukuqonda-imodeli yokufeza (2016) - Uma sibukeza izindlela asenkulumweni wokuthuthukisa kanye nokulondoloza ethize Inthanethi asebenziseka zempilo, kuhlanganise "I-Internet-yezocansi ukubukwa isifo"
  9. Ukufuna ukucaca emanzini amadaka: ukucubungula esikhathini esizayo ukuhlukanisa ukuziphatha okuphoqeleka ngokocansi njengomlutha (2016) - Izingcaphuno: Sesanda kuhlola ubufakazi bokuhlehlisa ukuziphatha kocansi okuphoqelekile (CSB) njengokweqile ukuziphatha kabi. Ukubuyekezwa kwethu kutholile ukuthi i-CSB yabelane ngokufana kwemitholampilo, ye-neurobiological kanye ne-phenomenological ne-substance-use disorders. Nakuba i-American Psychiatric Association inqabe ukuphazamiseka kwe-hypersexual kusuka ku-DSM-5, ukuxilongwa kwe-CSB (ngokweqile ngokobulili drive) kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa ICD-10. I-CSB iphindwe iphindwe yi-ICD-11.
  10. Ukulutha kobulili isahluko se-Neurobiology yezidakamizwa, i-Oxford Press (2016)
  11. I-Neuroscientific Isondela ku-Online Pornography Isilonda (2017) - Ingcaphuno: Emashumini amabili eminyaka edlule, izifundo eziningana nge-neuroscientific approach, ikakhulukazi i-imagination magontic resonance imaging (fMRI), zaqhutshwa ukuhlola ama-neural correlates wokubukela izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ngaphansi kwezimo zokuhlola kanye nama-neural correlates wokusebenzisa izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile. Njengoba kunikezwe imiphumela yangaphambilini, ukusetshenziselwa izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile kungaxhunyaniswa nezinqubo ezingaziwayo ze-neurobiological ezithinta ukuthuthukiswa kwezidakamizwa ezihlobene nezidakamizwa.
  12. I-Neurobiology Yezokwelapha Zobulili Ezingcolile - Ukubuyekezwa komtholampilo (UDe Sousa & Lodha, 2017) - Izingcaphuno: Ngokuphelele, izihloko ze-59 zikhonjisiwe ezibandakanya ukubuyekezwa, ukubuyekezwa kwe-mini kanye namaphepha okucwaninga okuqala ezindabeni zokusetshenziswa kocansi, ukulutha umuthi kanye neurobiology. Amaphepha okucwaninga ahlaziywe lapha ayegxile kulabo abakucacisa isisekelo se-neurobiological sokulahla izithombe zobulili ezingcolile. Lokhu kwaphinde kwenezelwa ngokuhlangenwe nakho komtholampilo wabo bobabili abalobi abasebenza njalo neziguli lapho ukulutha ukuhlambalaza ngokocansi nokubuka kuyisimo esicindezelayo.
  13. Ingabe ukuziphatha ngokweqile ngokobulili kuyinkinga yokulutha? (I-2017) - Izingcaphuno: Ukucwaninga kwi-neurobiology yokucindezeleka kokuziphatha ngokobulili kuye kwadala ukutholakala okuphathelene nokukhathazeka okubambe iqhaza, izinkampani zokugqugquzela umqondo, kanye nokucutshungulwa kobuchopho okusekelwe ebuchosheni obonisa ukufana okukhulu nezidakamizwa. Sikholelwa ukuthi ukuhlukaniswa kwengcindezi yokuziphatha ngokobulili njengesifo sokulutha kuyaphambene nedatha yamuva futhi kungase kuzuze odokotela, abacwaningi, kanye nabantu abathintekayo futhi bathinteke ngalesi sifo.
  14. Ubufakazi bePudding buyinkambinkimbi: Idatha iyadingeka ukuze ihlolwe amamodeli nezinhloso ezihlobene nezithintelo zobulili ezicindezelayo (2018) - Izingcaphuno: Phakathi kwezizinda ezingahle ziphakamise ukufana phakathi kwe-CSB kanye nokuphazamiseka kokulutha izidakamizwa, ukuhlolwa kwezinhlelo ezithile zamuva okwenziwe yiWalton et al. (2017). Izifundo zokuqala zazivame ukuhlola i-CSB maqondana namamodeli wokulutha (kubuyekezwe eGola, Wordecha, Marchewka, & Sescousse, I-2016b; IKraus, Voon, nePotenza, I-2016b).
  15. Ukukhuthaza ukufundisa, ukuhlukaniswa, ukwelashwa, kanye nezinqubomgomo zenqubomgomo I-Commentary ku: Ukucindezeleka kokuziphatha ngokocansi ku-ICD-11 (UKraus et al., 2018) - Izingcaphuno: Isiphakamiso samanje sokuhlukanisa izifo ze-CSB njengengcindezi yokulawula ukucindezela ingxabano njengamanye amamodeli aphakanyisiwe (Kor, Fogel, Reid, & Potenza, 2013). Kukhona idatha ebonisa ukuthi i-CSB yabelana ngezici eziningi ngezidakamizwa (UKraus et al., 2016), kufaka phakathi idatha yakamuva ebonisa ukukhishwa kwemisebenzi ephakeme yokwaziswa kwemivuzo ekuphenduleni imibono ehambisana nokukhohliswa okungahambi kahle (Umkhiqizo, uSnagowski, uLaier, noMaderwald, 2016; IGola, i-Wordecha, iMarchewka, neSescousse, ngo-2016; UGola et al., 2017; IKlucken, Wehrum-Osinsky, Schweckendiek, Kruse, & Stark, 2016; IVoon et al., 2014.
  16. Ukuziphatha Ngokweqile Kwezocansi Kubantu Namamodeli Wokuqapha (2018) - Izingcaphuno: Ukuziphatha kocansi okucindezelayo (CSB) kubhekwa kabanzi ngokuthi "ukulutha ukuziphatha," futhi kuyisongo esikhulu emkhakheni wokuphila kanye kokubili impilo engokwengqondo nengqondo. Ekuphetheni, lokhu kubuyekezwa kufingqa izifundo zokuziphatha nezokucwaninga nge-CSB kubantu kanye nokuhlukunyezwa nezinye izinkinga, kuhlanganise nokusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa. Ngokubodwa, lezi zifundo zibonisa ukuthi i-CSB ihlobene nokuguqulwa komsebenzi ekuguquleni i-cingulate ne-prefrontal cortex, i-amygdala, i-striatum, ne-thalamus, ngaphezu kokunciphisa uxhumano phakathi kwe-amygdala ne-prefrontal cortex.
  17. Izidakamizwa zobulili kwi-Internet Era (2018) - Ingcaphuno: Phakathi kwezidakamizwa zokuziphatha, ukusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi okuyizinkinga kanye nokusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuyi-Internet kuvame ukukhonjwa njengokungathi kunengozi yokuhlukumezeka ngokocansi, kaningi kungekho nomngcele oqondile phakathi kwezimo ezimbili. Abasebenzisi be-intanethi bakhangwa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi ngenxa yokungaziwa, ukukwazi ukukwazi ukukwazi, nokutholakala kalula, futhi ezimweni eziningi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kungabangela abasebenzisi ngokusebenzisa umlutha wocansi lwe-inthanethi: kulezi zimo, abasebenzisi kungenzeka bakhohlwe indima "yokuziphendukela kwemvelo" yokuthola ucansi, ukuthola injabulo eyengeziwe ekuzikhetheleni okuzikhethela ngokobulili kunokuba ulale emzimbeni.
  18. Izindlela zokuzicabangela izinkinga ekucindezelweni kokuziphatha ngokocansi (2018) - Ingcaphuno: Kuze kube manje, ucwaningi oluningi lokuziphendulela ngokweqile ngokuziphatha okubi ngokocansi luhlinzekele ubufakazi bokusebenzisa izindlela eziqhamuka ezithinta ukuziphatha kobulili nokucindezela okungezona ngokocansi. Ukuziphatha ngokweqile ngokobulili kuhlotshaniswa nokusebenza okushintshiwe ezindaweni ezibuchopho kanye namanethiwekhi okubandakanyeka ekukhuthazeni, ukuhlala, ukuguqulwa kokucindezeleka, nokubuyisela ukucubungula emaphethini afana nokusebenzisa izinto, ukugembula, kanye nokulutha ukubheja. Izizinda zobuchopho ezihlobene nezici ze-CSB zihlanganisa i-cortices yangaphambili neyesikhashana, i-amygdala, ne-striatum, kuhlanganise ne-nucleus accumbens.
  19. Ukuqonda Okwamanje I-Neuroscience Yezenzo Zokucindezeleka Ngokuziphatha Okuya Ngesifo socansi kanye Nezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Zezinkinga - Ingcaphuno: Ucwaningo lwamuva lwe-neurobiological lwembula ukuthi ukuziphatha okucindezelayo ngokocansi kuhlotshaniswa nokusetshenziselwa ukushintshwa kwezinto zocansi kanye nokuhlukahluka kohlaka lobuchopho kanye nomsebenzi. Nakuba izifundo ezimbalwa ze-CSBD ziqhutshwa kuze kube yimanje, idatha ekhona ikhombisa ukungalingani kwe-neurobiological ukwabelana ngokuhlanganyela nezinye izithasiselo ezifana nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa nokuhlukunyezwa kwezokugembula. Ngakho-ke, idatha ekhona ikhombisa ukuthi ukuhlukaniswa kwayo kungase kube kangcono njengendlela yokulutha ukuziphatha kunokuba i-disorder-control control disorder.
  20. I-Ventral Striatal Reactivity ezithintekayo zobulili (2018) - Ingcaphuno: Phakathi kwezifundo ezitholakalayo okwamanje, sakwazi ukuthola izincwadi ezingu-9 (ithebula 1) okusetshenziselwa ukufaneka kwemifanekiso ephezulu yokusebenza. Kuphela kwabane kuphela (36-39) uphenyo ngokuqondile ukucubungula izici ezithintekayo kanye / noma umvuzo kanye nokuthola okutholwe ngokuphathelene nokusebenza kwe-ventral striatum. Ucwaningo oluthathu lubonisa ukukhula okuqhubekayo kwe-ventral yokuhlasela okuyingozi (36-39) noma okushiwo ukubikezela lesi simiso (36-39). Lezi zitholakele zihambisana ne-Incentive Salience Theory (IST) (28), esinye sezihlaka ezivelele kakhulu ezichaza ukusebenza kobuchopho ekudakiseni.
  21. Ukubheja Okubhebhetheka Ku-Inthanethi: Okuthi Siyazi Nalokho Esingazikho-Ukubuyekezwa Okuhlelekile (i-2019) - Ingcaphuno: Njengoba sisazi, iziningi zezifundo zamuva zisekela le nhlangano njengesiyaluyalu nemibonakaliso ebalulekile yomtholampilo njengokungasebenzi kocansi nokunganeliseki ngokobulili. Iningi lomsebenzi okhona usekelwe ocwaningweni olufanayo olwenziwe ngezidakamizwa ezingokwemvelo, ngokusekelwe ekucabangeni kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuyi-intanethi njenge-'promorormal stimulus 'ngokuhambisana nomuthi wangempela, ozosetshenziswa ngokuqhubekayo, ongabangela ukukhubazeka komlutha.
  22. Ukutholakala kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezidakamizwa ezingcolile ze-inthanethi: izici ezithinta umuntu ngamunye, izindlela zokuqinisa nezindlela ze-neural (2019) - Ingcaphuno: Okuhlangenwe nakho kwesikhathi eside kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezitholakala ku-intanethi kuye kwabangela ukuba abantu abanjalo bazizwele izinkomba ezihlobene nezithombe zobulili ezingcolile, okuye kwaholela ekukhulekeleni ukulangazelela, ukusetshenziselwa ukucindezela izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuyi-Internet ngaphansi kwezici ezimbili zesilingo nokukhubazeka okusebenzayo. Umqondo wokwaneliseka owuthola kuwo uthola ubuthakathaka futhi ubuthakathaka, ngakho-ke izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile ku-intanethi ziyadingeka ukuze kugcinwe isimo sangokomzwelo sangaphambilini futhi sibe umlutha.
  23. Imibono, ukuvikela, kanye nokwelashwa kokuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile (2019) - Ingcaphuno: Ukubandakanyeka kokuziphatha kobulili okuphoqelekile, kufaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa kwezinkinga zocansi okuyinkinga, kufakiwe kwi-ICD-11 njenge-impulse control disorder. Izindlela zokuxilonga zale nkinga, kepha, ziyefana kakhulu nezindlela zokuphazamiseka ngenxa yokuziphatha umlutha… Ukucatshangelwa kokucatshangelwa kobuhlakani kanye nobufakazi obukhombisa ukuthi izindlela zengqondo nezengqondo ezibandakanyekayo ekuphazamiseni umlutha ziyasebenza nasekuphikiseni ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi.
  24. Ukusetshenziswa Kokubona Kwezithombe Ezingcolile Ezinobunzima: Imodeli Ehlanganayo evela kuCwaningo Lokulawulwa Kwezizinda Nokubuka Kwemvelo (2019) - Ingcaphuno: Ukusetshenziswa okuyinkinga kwenkinga yezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kubonakala kuhlobene amayunithi amaningi wokuhlaziya nezinhlelo ezihlukile kulungu lomzimba. Ngokusekelwe kokutholakele ngaphakathi kwe-RDoC paradigm echazwe ngenhla, kungenzeka ukudala imodeli yokuhlangana lapho amayunithi ahlukene wokuhlaziya athinta omunye nomunye (Umdwebo 1). Lezi zinguquko ezenzweni zangaphakathi nezokuziphatha phakathi kwabantu abane-SPPPU ziyefana nalezo ezibonwa kubantu abanokulutha kweziyobisi, nemephu yaba amamodeli wokulutha.
  25. Umlutha we-cybersex: ukubuka konke ukuthuthukiswa nokwelashwa kwesifo esivele sivele (2020) - Izingcaphuno: Cumlutha we-ybersex uwumlutha ohlobene nezinto ezingekho into ezibandakanya ezenzweni zocansi eziku-inthanethi ku-inthanethi. Namuhla, izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinto ezihlobene nezocansi noma izithombe zocansi zitholakala kalula ngemidiya ye-inthanethi. E-Indonesia, ucansi luvame ukuthathwa njengengafaneleki kepha iningi labantu abasha liye lavezwa ezingcolile. Kungaholela ekutheni umlutha ube nemiphumela eminingi emibi kubasebenzisi, njengobudlelwano, imali nezinkinga zengqondo ezinjengokudangala okukhulu nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo.
  26. Yiziphi Izimo Okufanele Zithathwe Njengezinkinga Ekuhlukanisweni Kwezifo Ngamazwe Ngamazwe (ICD-11) Ukuqokwa “Kokunye Ukuphazamiseka Okucacisiwe Ngenxa Yezithintelo Zokulutha”? (2020) - Izingcaphuno: Imininingwane evela ekuzibonakaliseni ngokwakho, ekuziphatheni, ku-electrophysiological, kanye nasezinkulumweni ze-neuroimaging zibonisa ukubandakanyeka kwezinqubo zokusebenza kwengqondo kanye nokuqondiswa okungaphansi kwe-neural okuye kwaphenywa futhi kwasungulwa ukuthi kube namazinga ahlukahlukene wokuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa izidakamizwa kanye nokuphazamiseka kokugembula / imidlalo (inkomba 3). Izimo zezomnotho eziphawulwe ocwaningweni lwangaphambilini zibandakanya ukwenziwa kabusha kwengqondo nokufisa okuhambisana nokwanda komsebenzi ezindaweni ezihlobene nomvuzo, ukukhetha okubhekisisa, ukwenza izinqumo ezingathandekiyo, kanye (nokulawula okuthize).
  27. Isimo Sokulutha Sokuziphatha Okucindezelayo Kocansi kanye Nokusetshenziswa Kwezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Eziku-inthanethi: Isibuyekezo - Izingcaphuno: Ukutholakala okutholakalayo kuphakamisa ukuthi kunezici eziningana ze-CSBD ne-POPU ezihambisana nezici zokulutha, nokuthi ukungenelela okusizayo ekubhekiseni ukulutha kokuziphatha kanye nezidakamizwa kuqinisekisa ukucutshungulwa nokusetshenziswa ekusekeleni abantu abane-CSBD ne-POPU…. I-neurobiology ye-POPU ne-CSBD ifaka phakathi ama-correlates amaningi we-neuroanatomical ahlanganyelwe anokuphazamiseka okusetshenzisiwe kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, izindlela ezifanayo ze-neuropsychological, kanye nokuguqulwa okuvamile kwe-neurophysiological ohlelweni lomvuzo we-dopamine.
  28. Ukuziphatha okungasebenzi kahle kocansi: incazelo, okuqukethwe komtholampilo, amaphrofayli we-neurobiological kanye nokwelashwa (i-2020) - Izingcaphuno: Ukuluthwa yizidakamizwa ezingcolile, yize kungafani ngokwe-neurobiologically kusuka ekuluthweni ngokocansi, kuseyihlobo lokulutha kokuziphatha… .Ukumiswa okungazelelwe kokulutha kwezocansi kubangela imiphumela emibi esimeni sengqondo, injabulo, nokwaneliseka ngokobudlelwano nangokobulili… .Ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kusiza ukuqala kobuchopho bengqondo. iziyaluyalu nobudlelwano nobunzima…

Kungani hhayi Deniers bhala noma iziphi semaphepha ngenhla peer-sibuyekezwe?

UClark, CA, noWiederman, MW (2000).Ubulili nokuphendula kokushaya indlwabu komlingani ocabangayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemidiya ebeka obala ezocansi. Ijenali yocwaningo lwezocansi, 37 (2), 133-141. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Ukwanda kwamanani emali - njengoba iphepha lingahlangene ngalutho nombuzo ocatshangelwa kulesi sigaba: “Ingabe i-porn noma i-masturbation?"Lokho kusho ukuthi isifinyezo se-Alliance senze lokho okushiwo kubikiwe. Kusukela ku-abstract:

Ngokuqhathaniswa amadoda, abesifazane wabonisa imizwa engakhi kabanzi mayelana wodwa kanjani ukuziphatha kobulili uzakwethu sika. Kwabesilisa nabesifazane, ukusetshenziswa komlingani kwezinto ezibeka obala ezocansi kukalwe kabi kakhulu kunokushaya indlwabu komlingani. Ngokuphathelene nemisebenzi, kwakukhona umehluko ngokuphathelene nenkolelo mayelana nokwaneliseka komlingani. Abaphenduli bebesemathubeni amaningi okubona ukusetshenziswa komlingani kwezinto ezibeka obala ezocansi kunokwenza indlwabu njengophawu lokungagculiseki ngophathina wokuqala noma ubudlelwano bezocansi.

Kalula nje, abesilisa nabesifazane babhekana nemizwa emibi kakhulu ngokusetshenziswa kocansi kozakwethu kunokuba babhekane nokushaya indlwabu.

UMiller, DJ, McBain, KA, Li, WW, & Raggatt, PT (2019).Izithombe ezingcolile zobulili, likhetha ubulili porn-like, ukushaya indlwabu, kanye nokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi kanye nobuhlobo ukwaneliseka zabesilisa. Ubudlelwano Personal, 26 (1), 93-113. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Nakulokhu futhi, i-Alliance ishiya noma yikuphi okutholakele okungathandeki. Leli phepha liqukethe okungaqondakali okungabazeki okugxile ekuhlolweni okungabazisayo kwe 'ukuthanda ubulili obufana nobocansi, ” futhi wehlisa ukutholwa okubalulekile: Zombili izifundo (hhayi nje ukutadisha i-2) kubike ukusetshenziswa okuningi kocansi okuhlobene nokugculiswa okungezansi kocansi nokuzwana komndeni. Leli phepha lizama ukusola ukushaya indlwabu, hhayi ubulili, ukunganeliseki ubuhlobo, kodwa ayikho indlela esemthethweni yokwehlisa indlwabu ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kocansi. Okucaphuno:

“Ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi njalo kwakuhlotshaniswa nokungagculiseki ngokocansi, ukuthanda kakhulu ucansi olunjengobulili obufanayo, nokushaya indlwabu njalo ezifundweni zombili. Ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kwakuhlotshaniswa nokunganeliseki kobudlelwano eSifundweni 2 kuphela. ” [empeleni bekuyizifundo zombili]

Ucwaningo lukhohlisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kocansi kuhlotshaniswa nobudlelwane bokunganeliseki ekutadisheni 2 kuphela. Bona amathebula okufunda weqiniso. UMiller et al., I-2019 ifakiwe kuhlu lwe-YBOP lwe- phezu kweziqu ze-70 ezixhumanisa ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ukuze kube nokwaneliseka okuncane kocansi nokuzwana komndeni.

Prause, N. (2019). I-Porn Iwukuba Ukushaya Indlwabu. I-Archives of Behavior, 1-7. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Ilungu le-Alliance uNicole Prause. Ukwanda kokukhonjwa kwamandla emali, njengoba kungesona isifundo. Ucezu lombono neqoqo elijwayelekile lezifundo ezikhethwe ngamakhekhe nezimangalo ezingasekelwa noma ezingamanga. Njengazo zonke ezinye izingcezu zemibono ngabakwaDeniers, ukuphawula kukaPrause kushiya i- ukuphakama okukhulu kobufakazi ukuphikisana nemishmash yakhe evamile yamaphuzu okukhuluma. Ukuhlaziywa kwePrause kuwumzamo ongathandeki wokuhlaziya okuningi kwemiphumela emibi kakhulu exhaswe ngokuhambisana ne-intanethi ukusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi. I-Prause ikhuthaza umbono wokuthi ukusebenzisa i-porn empeleni kunenzuzo ... kuwo wonke umuntu ... nganoma yisiphi ubudala. Ngaphandle kwezingxabano eziphathelene ne-porn eziphephile kubantwana (ngezansi), ukuhlaziya kukaPrause kungaphezu kwezingcezu nezicucu ezikopishwe kusukela ezingxenyeni ezintathu zokuqala ze-Prause, okuyi-YBOP eziye zagxeka:

  1. Ukuze uhlaziye cishe wonke amaphuzu okukhuluma kanye nocwaningo oluthathwa nge-Cherry Prause, uKohut noLey bakhulume, bona lokhu kuhlaziywa okubanzi kweqephu le-2018 elishicilelwe SLATE umagazini: Debunking "Kungani Sikhathazeke Ngokukhathazeka Ngokubuka Izithombe Ezingcolile?? ", UMarty Klein, Taylor Kohut, noNicole Prause.
  2. Ukuze uthole ukuhlaziywa kwezimangalo ku-Prause sika-240-igama legama eliya kuye I-Lancet bheka le mpendulo enkulu: Ukuhlaziywa "Idatha ayisekeli ubulili njengomlutha"(Prause et al., 2017).
  3. I-YBOP isikhulume kakhulu iningi lezifundo ezithandwa yi-cherry, ezivame ukungabi nalutho, kanye nezicelo ezingabazayo ekuphenduleni kwe-2016 "Incwadi eya kumhleli": I-Critique ye: Incwadi eya kumhleli "Prause et al. (I-2015) i-falsification yakamuva yokubikezela izidakamizwa " (2016)

Lokhu kuhlaziywa kukhuluma ngezifundo ze-cherry-ezikhethiwe kanye nezimangalo ezingasekelwa azitholakali ezibucayi ezingenhla: I-Critique ka-Nicole Prause "I-Porn Iwukuyi-Masturbation" (i-2019).

I-Perry, SL (i-2019). Ingabe ukuxhumana phakathi kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile nokuzithokozisa ngokobudlelwane kakhulu ngokuphathelene nokushaya indlwabu? Imiphumela evela ezihlolweni ezimbili zezwe. I-Journal Sex Research, i-1-13. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Ilungu lika-Alliance uSamuel Perry. Umcwaningi wenkolo uPerry washicilela lokhu Ukuhlaziywa okufushane kwedatha esetshenziswe kwesinye sezifundo zakhe zangaphambili zocansi. Ngemuva kwezibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi "ukufanisa" uPerry uhlongoze ukuthi ukushaya indlwabu, hhayi ukusetshenziswa kocansi, kungumphumela wangempela ebuhlotsheni obujabulisayo. Umgodi okhungethwe ukuhlaziywa okusha kukaPerry ukungabi khona kwemininingwane ecacile, enokwethenjelwa ngemvamisa yokushaya indlwabu, njengoba nje ebuza "Ugcine nini ukushaya indlwabu? "Ngaphandle kwedatha eqinile ngokuphindaphindiwe, isimangalo sakhe singaphezu nje kokucabangela. Kusukela ekufundeni kukaPerry:

Ukuzibambela ukushaya indlwabu. Kokubili i-NFSS ne-RIA ibuza imibuzo emibili efanayo mayelana nokushaya indlwabu ukuthi umbhali uhlangene nesilinganiso esisodwa sokushaya indlwabu kokubili kokuhlola. Ababambiqhaza babuzwa kuqala uma beke bahlaziya isisindo (Yebo noma Cha). Labo abaphendula ukuthi babeke bahlaziya ngokobuhlungu babuzwa kanjalo, "Ugcine nini ukushaya indlwabu? "Izimpendulo zenziwe kusukela ku-1 = namuhla kuya ku-9 = ngaphezu konyaka odlule.

UPerry uyaqhubeka:

"Nakuba lo mbuzo ngokweqiniso ungabuzi mayelana nemvamisa ... .."

Akudlalwa. Noma kunjalo uPerry, Prause, Ley, Grubbs kanye nabanye manje benza izimangalo ezingavamile ezisekelwe kulolu cwaningo oluzimele, bethembele kule datha kakhulu ephathekayo. Umshini wokukhulumisana we-Alliance ugcwele ngokugcwele ngokuhlaziya kabusha kukaPerry. Ukuqinisekiswa kukaPerry kubalwa ngezifundo ze-70 ezixhumanisa ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi ukunciphisa ukwaneliswa ngokocansi nokuzwana komndeni - kanye nocwaningo lwamanje lukaPerry olwaluhlobanisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-porn okuningi nenjabulo yobudlelwano obuncane. Kulungile, ukusetshenziswa kwe-porn okuthe xaxa kwakuhlotshaniswa nayo Ngaphansi injabulo ebudlelwaneni kuzo zombili amasampula kaPerry (A & B):

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Izimangalo zikaPerry ukuthi angase ahlukane nokusebenzisa izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ekubhubheni akukwazi ukuthathwa ngokungathí sina - ikakhulukazi njengoba engenakho idatha enembile yemvamisa yokushaya indlwabu.

UWalton, MT, uLykins, AD, noBhullar, N. (2016).Imvamisa yokuvuthwa ngokocansi nokuvama komsebenzi wocansi: Imiphumela yokuqonda ukucansi kocansi. I-Archives yokuziphatha ngokobulili, i-45 (4), i-777-782. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Akuyona isifundo sangempela. Leli phepha lihlaziya kabusha idatha endala kusuka kuDenier Alliance ilungu uJacob Cantor. Leli phephandaba libike ukuthi ukuvota ngocansi (ukuthanda, ukuzwa ama-horny) kuhlobene nokusebenza kocansi. Ukuhlukunyezwa. Kusuka kwingxoxo yengxoxo:

Ngakho-ke, ukuvuvukala ngokobulili kungase kube ukulungiswa okunamandla kwemvamisa yocansi kunedatha evela ekuziphenduleleni komuntu ngokobulili, njenge-HBI.

Leli phepha alihlangene nalesi sigaba esicatshangwa ukuthi: "Ingabe i-porn noma i-masturbation?”Kodwa-ke, lokho okutholakele kwembula ukuthi abanye abazitholela amaphuzu aphezulu emibuzweni ethi" hypersexuality "abayithandi leyo nto:

Yize imiphumela iphakamisa ukuthi ukuvuswa kocansi kungase kube ukulungiswa okunamandla kwemvamisa yokusebenza kocansi kune-hypersexual, ukuhumusha idatha kuba yinkimbinkimbi ngoba imithwalo yezocansi ezithinta abantu abanobulili obubonakalayo ingase iguquke kakhulu.

Okutholakele kuhambelana nokuhlangenwe nakho kwabamlutha abaningi bezocansi, abangazange bakhuliswe abalingani bangempela. Iphinde ibonise iphuzu lokukhulumisana elingasekelwa ukuthi "isifiso sobulili esiphakeme" sichaza ukuxoshwa kocansi noma ubulili (njengoba kwenza okungenani izifundo ze-25 zikhohlisa isimangalo sokuthi ubulili nemilutha ye-porn "banesifiso sobulili esiphakeme").

van Rouen, JH, Slob, AK, Gianotten, WL, Dohle, GR, van Der Zon, ATM, Vreeburg, JTM, & Weber, RFA (1996).Ukuvusa ngokocansi kanye nekhwalithi yendoda eyenziwa yi-masturbation. Ukukhiqizwa kwabantu, i-11 (1), i-147-151.Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Leli phepha alihlangene nombuzo othiwa umbuzo: "Ingabe i-porn noma i-masturbation?”Kodwa-ke, okutholakele kusekela ukuphikisana kwe-YBOP kokuthi ukushaya indlwabu kumavidiyo ezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuyashukumisa kakhulu kunokushaya indlwabu emcabangweni womuntu:

izikolo eziningi eziphakeme kakhulu zanikezelwa 'ukuzizwa zikhululekile / zikhululekile', 'ukuvuswa kocansi', 'ikhwalithi yokulungiswa', 'ubukhulu be-orgasm', 'ukwaneliseka ngemuva kwe-orgasm', futhi 'nokulula ukuthi i-orgasm yenziwe kanjani nge-VES (ngokucacile ngokobulili ividiyo)

Empeleni i I-YBOP 'Qala Lapha' i-athikili iqala ngokutadisha okwakamuva futhi okufanayo, okubonisa amandla ahlangene wevidiyo yezocansi kanye novelwano lwezocansi:

Lokhu kuthiwa yi Umphumela we-Coolidge-Impendulo ezenzakalelayo kumlingani weveli. Ngokuthakazelisayo, amadoda I-ejaculate imithi eminingi ye-motile futhi ikwenze ngokushesha masinyane uma bebuka inkanyezi ye-porn inoveli. Le mpendulo enamandla ngokuzenzekelayo ekuveleni okubukeka yiyo eyakuqala phansi komgwaqo ukuze uthole inhlanzi kwi-porn ye-intanethi.

I-citation ye-RealYBOP engekho emthethweni isekela ingqinamba ye-YBOP esemthethweni! Siyabonga abaduni. Ngandlela-thile, izifundo eziningana zibonisa ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile ukuthi i-pornography yevidiyo noma i-intanethi ihluke kanjani ngokuhlukile kwezingqayizivele zezingcingo ezedlule:

Isigaba sokwephulwa kobulili

Okuqukethwe / Eqinisweni: Ngokufana nezinye izigaba, izifundo eziningi azihlangene nesihloko sesigaba (Aboni Bocansi). Siphoqelelwe ukuqagela, kufanele sicabange ukuthi abakwaDeniers bazama "ukuqamba amanga" noma yikuphi ukuxhumana phakathi kokusetshenziswa kocansi nokudlwengula, udlame, ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi, ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi, noma ukuphoqelelwa ngokocansi. Ngenkathi izifundo zibika okutholakele okungafani, sixoxa ngokuthembela ngokweqile kwe-Alliance ezifundweni ezimbalwa ezikhethwe ngokucophelela. Siphinde futhi sinikeze ngezifundo eziningi ezifanele i-Alliance ezishiye ngamabomu. Izindatshana ezimbili zakamuva zikhuluma ngamaphuzu amaningi okukhuluma e-Alliance:

Empeleni i-Alliance ibhekisela ezincane zezifundo ezihambisana nezinguquko kumazinga okudlwengula abikezwe esizweni kanye nezinguquko ezicatshangelwe ekutholakaleni kwezocansi. Ngokucaphuna izifundo ezibandakanya amazwe ambalwa okhethiwe, abaDeniers abahlukahlukene baye baphawula ukuthi izinga lokuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili liyancipha emhlabeni wonke njengoba izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zifinyeleleka kakhulu emphakathini. Ngezansi sibopha izimbobo kulokhu okuqinisekisiwe.

# 1 - Kuthiwani ngokunye okuguqukayo? Ukuhlangana akuyona ukulingana kokukhishwa. Okunye ukuhlukahluka okuningi kubangela ukwehla kwezinga lokudlwengulwa okubikiwe emazweni akhethiwe. Ukuhlukahluka okusobala kakhulu okubamba iqhaza ukuthi amazwe athuthukile abona ukwehla (nge-100K yabantu) ku i-age group cishe iningi lokwenza ubugebengu bocansi (12-34) njengoba abantu bebekhulile. Njengoba ungabona egrafu, amazinga e-US konke Ubugebengu obunobudlova babuye bezungeza i-1990, bese benqaba kuze kube yi-2013, lapho Amacala okudlwengula aqala ukuphakama. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi amazinga okudlwengula awancipha okungenani (ngezigaba zobugebengu) ngalesi sikhathi:

Ukuncipha kobugebengu obunobudlova kuhambisana nokwanda kwamaphesenti amalunga asebekhulile, nokunciphisa okuhambisanayo eqenjini lobudala okungenzeka kakhulu ukwenza ubugebengu obunobudlova. Lokhu kushintshwa kwezenhlalo kuye kwenzeka emazweni amaningi "wezwe lokuqala". Okokuqala, ukusatshalaliswa kwabantu kwe-1990 ngobudala. Qaphela inani labantu emideni yobudala be-15-44.

Okulandelayo, ukusatshalaliswa kwabantu kwe-2015 ngobudala. Phawula ukwehla kwamacembu ezindala kakhulu ukuzama ukwenza izenzo zobugebengu obunobudlova, nokuthi abantu abadala bakhaphi iphesenti elikhulu kakhulu labantu.

Ukushintshwa kwabantu ngenhla kungahle kube nesibalo sokwehla kwamazinga okudlwengulwa (okuvame ukubikwa “ngakunye [ngenombolo X] yabantu”). Umcwaningi uNeil Malamuth uphendule ohlwini olukhulu lwezocansi mayelana namaphepha kaMilton Diamond (okushiwo yi-Alliance njengobufakazi bezimangalo zabo ezingenangqondo):

I-Aggregate Issue - Intuitively, kubonakala kunengqondo kakhulu ukuthi "okuyisisekelo" esibucayi yilokho okubonakala kwenzeka "emhlabeni wangempela" (isb., Amazinga obugebengu obunodlame) njengodlame lwemidiya kanye / noma ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi yanda ngokuhamba kweminyaka. Ngicabanga ukuthi kunalokho, izinkinga ngokubheka lokhu zikhulu futhi cishe akunakwenzeka ukufika kunoma yisiphi isizathu futhi wenze iziphetho ngokubheka imininingwane ehlanganisiwe. Isibonelo, cabanga ngenhlangano elandelayo: Inani lezibhamu e-US kanye namanani obugebengu.

Njengoba kuvezwe esihlokweni esilandelayo Pew: Amanani Wokubulala Ahlukaniswa Ngesikhathi Esidlulile Eminyakeni Eyi-20 (ngenkathi i-New Gun Ownership iphakanyisiwe) njengoba inani lezibhamu e-US lenyuke kakhulu kule minyaka engamashumi amabili edlule, amazinga okubulawa kwabantu ehle kakhulu. Bangaki kithi abazimisele ukuphetha ngakho-ke ukutholakala okubanzi kwezibhamu empeleni kuyinto enhle kakhulu futhi kube nomthelela ekwehliseni ukubulawa kwabantu, njengoba abanye bengashesha ukuphetha? Mina noDrew Kingston sixoxa kabanzi ngalolu daba oluhlanganisiwe kokulandelayo: Izinkinga ngeDatha Yedatha kanye Nokubaluleka Kwezingxabano Zomuntu Kuzo Ucwaningo Lwezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Nezocansi (2010).

Idatha yesigameko samasiko ngokuphathelene nokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile nobugebengu (isib. Umsebenzi obalulekile kaMickey Diamond), kulwazi lwami, kuphela eDenmark naseJapane. Kulawo mazwe amabili, kuye kwaba nomthelela ophansi kakhulu wobugebengu obudlame ngokobulili. Singalindela ngokusekelwe kulolu datha kanye neminye imithombo eminingi yedatha ukuthi kulawa mazwe, kunabantu abambalwa abasengozini yokwenza ubugebengu bobulili (ngaphakathi kwesiko kanye nemibandela engeyona impi). Ngakho-ke, esimweni sokubikezela kwe-Confluence Model, emazweni anjalo sasizobikezela ngokunyuka okuncane noma okungenakukhula kocansi njengoba ukutholakala kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kwanda, njengoba iDaymond nabangane bebikile.

Khumbula, ukuthi amadoda esiwafunde e-USA afana nobungozi obuphansi awubonanga ukuphakama okukhulu ngisho nokusetshenziswa kocansi okuphezulu. Njengesivivinyo esibucayi, njengoba ngishilo ngaphambili, mina noMartin Hald sathola ukuthi ngisho naseDenmark, amadoda angenengozi enkulu kakhulu empeleni abonisa isimo sengqondo esikhulu sokwamukela udlame olubhekiswe kwabesifazane njengomsebenzi kokubili ukuvezwa kokuhlolwa ebhodini nokuthi "wangempela inhlangano yezwe "(bheka umbhalo we-2015). Ngingaba nesithakazelo kakhulu ukubona ukuthi kuzokwenzekani uma kwenzeka ushintsho olukhulu ekutholakaleni kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile emazweni anamaphesenti amancane abantu abanobuciko obuphezulu nokuhambisana, ubulili, isimo sengqondo sokwamukela udlame olubhekiswe kwabesifazane, inzondo yabesifazane, njll. ).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanani obugebengu owaziwayo kungenzeka angabi ukuphela “kokuxhomekeka okuthembekile” ongakuhlola (bheka ngezansi). Yize amazinga okwahlulelwa kwabesifazane eJapan aphansi impela (futhi ulwazi lwami olunqunyelwe eminyakeni eminingi eyedlule ngenkathi ngivakashele eJapane lwasikisela ukuthi abesifazane bazizwe behamba emigwaqweni ephephile ebusuku) amazinga okudlwengulwa aphakeme kakhulu ake enziwa ngosuku olulodwa amadoda (eChina edolobheni laseNanking). Ngakho-ke, lapho isiko seluvumile udlame, ukutholakala okungaba khona kungenzeka ukuthi kwabonakala kakhulu.  Ngaphezu kwalokho, eJapane yamanje, kubonakala sengathi kunezinye izibonakaliso zalokho okungase kubhekwe njengokuthengiswa kocansi kanye nezenzo ezihlobene nabesifazane (isb. emuva ngonyaka ka-2000, kwangeniswa izimoto zesitimela ezikhethekile zabesifazane ukuze balwe nokubamba kwabesilisa (chikan).

I-Issue "Echazayo"

Njengoba ngishilo ekuqaleni, i-Confluence Model igxile ekuziphatheni okuhlukumezayo ngokobulili nasekuziphatheni kwamadoda kubantu abaningi, ikakhulukazi abafundi basekolishi. Cishe akekho noyedwa wabahlanganyeli esiwafundele oye waphenywa. Ngakho-ke amanani okulwa nobugebengu awaziwayo ayingabalulekile. Njengengxenye yengxoxo yokusebenza kwale modeli, siphakamise eminyakeni edlule ukuthi uma kukhulunywa ngabantu ababoshiwe, imodeli ayisebenzi kangako njengoba kubonakala ukuthi ngamadoda anjalo “izici zokulwa nenhlalo ejwayelekile” anokufaneleka okuqonde kakhulu .

La madoda alahlwe yicala avamisile ukuthi angabi “ngochwepheshe” kepha maningi amathuba okuthi enze ubugebengu obuhlukahlukene. Izinyathelo ezihlale zikhombisa ukusetshenziswa kwazo ekubikezelweni kwabahlukumezi bezocansi esibafundayo, (ubutha kwabesifazane, izimo zengqondo ezisekela udlame olubhekiswe kwabesifazane, njll.) Azitholakalanga ngokusobala ukuthi ziyabikezela izigebengu ezaziwayo kule ndawo.

Nakuba izinguquko emazingeni okuhlukumezeka ngokocansi phakathi kwabafundi kuzoba okufanelekile, akucaci ukuthi ngabe lezi zinyuka yini noma zinciphile eminyakeni edlule noma ngabe zilokhu ziqaphele kakhulu ngale ndaba (Ngingacabangela ukuthi lokhu kubalulekile). Lokhu kuhlobene nalokho "inkinga enkulu": Nakuba ukutholakala kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuye kwanda kakhulu eminyakeni, ngesikhathi esifanayo sekukhona ukungenelela okwengeziwe ukunciphisa ukuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili nokwandisa ukuqwashisa okufanelekile.

Cishe zonke iziyunivesithi zesizwe manje sezigunyaze ukungenelela kubo bonke abantu abasha, into eyayingeyona iminyaka edlule. Ukucabanga ukuthi amanye amathonya abezindaba angabangela ekuthuthukiseni ukuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili, singabhubhisa kanjani ukunyuka okuhambelana nokuqwashisa umphakathi mayelana nokukhwabanisa ngokobulili kanye nokungenelela kwangempela okwenzeka esikhathini esifanayo?

Enye inguquko ebalulekile ihlose (ngoku) ngokunemba kwezibalo ezihlobene nobugebengu bobulili.

#2 - Ucwaningo lwembula ukuthi amazinga okudlwengula avame ukushiwo. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ubugebengu bokudlwengulwa bulokhu bubikiwe. Ngisho nembiko emaphoyiseni ingase ibe yingozi, njengoba leli phepha lomprofesa wezomthetho wase-US lisikisela: Indlela Yokuqamba Amanothi Okudlwengula: Crisis Crisis of America Hidden Rape (2014).

Ukusebenzisa le ndlela yombhalo ukuthola ukuthi ngabe abanye omasipala behluleka yini ukubika inombolo yangempela yezikhalazo zokudlwengula ezenziwe, Ngithola ukuhlaziywa okuphawulekayo kwezigameko zokudlwengula yiminyango yamaphoyisa ezweni lonke. Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi cishe i-22% ye-210 yafunda iminyango yamaphoyisa enesibopho sabantu okungenani abantu abangu-100,000 banezibalo ezingenakubalwa zokudlwengulwa kwedatha okubonisa ukubalwa okuncane okuvela ku-1995 kuya ku-2012. Ngokuphawulekayo, inani lezinkampani ezingaphansi kwamanani liye landa ngaphezu kwe-61% phakathi neminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalombili efundwayo.

Ukulungiswa kwedatha ukususa amaphrofayili ngokumisa idatha kusuka kumazinga abulalayo kakhulu, ucwaningo lubheka ukuthi izikhalazo ze-796,213 nezikhalo ze-1,145,309 zamacala okudlwengula ama-vaginal wesifazane emhlabeni wonke zanyamalala emarekhodi asemthethweni kusukela ku-1995 kuya ku-2012. Ngaphezu kwalokho, idatha echitshiyelwe yembula ukuthi isikhathi sokutadisha sibandakanya ama-15 kuya kweshumi nesishiyagalombili amazinga aphezulu okudlwengula kusukela ukulandelela kwedatha kwaqala ngo-1930. Esikhundleni sokubona "ukwehla okukhulu" okubikiwe ngokudlwengula, iMelika ingaphakathi nenkinga yokudlwengula efihliwe.

#3 - Amazwe amaningi abike ukwanda kwamanani okudlwengula ngalesi sikhathi esifanayo. Isibonelo, ucwaningo oluvela eSpain naseNorway lubika ukutholwa okuphikisana nezimangalo zikaDiam (konke okushiywe yi-Alliance):

  • Ingabe ubudlova bezocansi buhlobene nokuvezwa kwe-Inthanethi? Ubufakazi bomlando obuvela eSpain (2009) - Umbhalo ocacile: Ukusebenzisa indlela yedatha yeziphathimandla ezifundazweni zaseSpain phakathi nenkathi ye-1998-2006, imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi kukhona ukufaka endaweni ephakathi kokudlwengula ne-Internet kuyi-Internet, kanti izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-Inthanethi zandisa ezinye izenzo zokuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili, njengokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi.
  • Inthanethi ye-broadband: I-Information Superhighway ebugebengu bobulili? (I-2013) - Ingcaphuno: Ingabe ukusebenzisa i-intanethi kubangela ubugebengu bobulili? Sisebenzisa idatha eyingqayizivele yaseNorway mayelana nobugebengu kanye nokutholwa kwe-intanethi ukukhanyisa lo mbuzo. Uhlelo lomphakathi olunemali elinganiselwe lukhiphe amaphuzu wokufinyelela okuxhumekile ku-2000-2008, futhi inikeza ukuhlukahluka okungafaniyo kokusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi. Izilinganiso zethu ezilinganiselwe zibonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi kuhlotshaniswa nokunyuka okukhulu kokubili kwemibiko, amacala kanye nezinsolo zokudlwengulwa kanye nokunye ubugebengu bobulili. Okutholakele kwethu kusikisela ukuthi umphumela oqondile kwezobugebengu bobulili ubuhle futhi awunaki, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile.

Sibheke leli tafula lamanani okudlwengula futhi uzobona ukuthi ayikho iphethini yangempela yomhlaba (ekhombisa inkinga ngokuqoqa izibalo ezinembile). Into eyodwa eqinisekile, i-Diamond ishiye amazwe amaningi “anamuhla” lapho ukutholakala kwamanani wezocansi nokudlwengula kuye kwanda ngasikhathi sinye, njengeNorway, iSweden, iCosta Rica, New Zealand, i-Iceland, i-Italy, i-Argentina, iPortugal, njll.

#4 - Amanani we ukuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili okukhuphuka e-US nase-United Kingdom (abasebenzisi ababili abakhulu be-Pornhub). Ngokuvumelana ne izibalo ezintsha ezikhishwe yi-FBI (bheka igrafu), inani lokudlwengula (nge-100,000 labantu) liye landa kancane kusuka ku-2014-2016 (ngonyaka odlule lapho izibalo zitholakala khona). E-UK, kwakukhona amacala wezocansi e-138,045, ku-23%, ezinyangeni ze-12 ezandulela uSepthemba, i-2017. Kodwa, phakathi nalezo zikhathi ezifanayo:

#5 - Ucwaningo oluhlola abasebenzisi be-porn langempela lubonisa ukuxhumana phakathi kocansi nokunyuswa kocansi, ukuhlukunyezwa nokucindezela. Esikhundleni sezifundo eziningi ezibucayi kakhulu emazweni ambalwa okhethwayo, kuthiwani ngezifundo zabasebenzisi abangempela bezithombe ezilawulwayo eziguquguqukayo ezifanele? Njengalezo zonke ezinye izingxenye ze-Alliance, lo oshiye izibuyekezo ezifanele zezincwadi kanye nokuhlaziywa kwemeta, ngakho-ke nambalwa. (Ekupheleni kwesigaba siphinde sinikeze izifundo eziningi ezishiywa yi-Alliance.)

Ukuhlaziywa kwe-meta okufingqa imiphumela yezithombe zobulili ezingcolile II: Ukuhlukumeza ngemuva kokuvezwa (1995) - Ingcaphuno:

Yenza ukuhlaziywa kwemeta kwezinguquko ze-30, eshicilelwe i-1971-1985, ukuhlola umphumela wokuvezwa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ekuziphatheni okuhlukumezayo ngaphansi kwezimo zebholabhu, kucabangela izimo ezihlukahlukene zokulinganisela (izinga lokuvusa ngocansi, izinga lokuthukuthela kwangaphambili, uhlobo lwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile, ubulili be-S, ubulili besisulu sokuhlukumezeka, nokuphakathi okusetshenziselwa ukudlulisela ulwazi).

Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi ubunqunu bobuciko bubangela ukuziphatha okunomusa okulandelayo, ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo okubonisa izenzo ezingcolile zobulili kwandisa ukuziphatha okubi, futhi ukuvezwa kwemithombo yezenzo zobulili ezinobudlova kudala ukwedlula ukwedlula ukwenziwa komsebenzi ongacansi wobulili. Akekho omunye umengameli oguquguqukayo okhiqize ukutholwa okuhambisanayo.

Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile nokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi: zikhona yini imiphumela enokwethenjelwa futhi singaziqonda yini? (I-2000)- Ingcaphuno:

Ukuphendula izimpendulo ezithile zakamuva, thina (a) sihlaziye izimpikiswano kanye nedatha ezethulwa kulawo mazwana, (b) ukuhlanganisa ukutholakala kwezifinyezo eziningana zezibalo zokuhlola nokuhlolwa kwemvelo, futhi (c) ukuqhuba ukuhlaziywa kwezibalo ngesampula enkulu. AAmanyathelo amathathu azosekela ukuthi kukhona ukuxhumana okuthembekile phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile okuvamile nokuziphatha okubi ngokobulili, ikakhulukazi ezithombeni zobulili ezingcolile kanye / noma kubantu abasengozini enkulu yokuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili. Siphakamisa ukuthi indlela abantu abahlukumezekayo abahumusha ngayo futhi bayasabela kuzo izithombe ezingcolile ezifanayo zingase zihluke kumadoda angenakuqhathanisa, umbono osiza ukuhlanganisa ukuhlaziywa kwamanje ngezifundo eziqhathanisa abadlwenguli nabangapheliyo kanye nokucwaninga kwamasiko.

Ukuhlaziywa kwemeta yocwaningo eshicilelwe ngemiphumela yezithombe zobulili ezingcolile (2000) - Ingcaphuno:

Ucwaningo lwe-meta lwezinguquko ezishicilelwe nge-46 lwenziwe ukuze kutholakale imiphumela yezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ngokuhlukumezeka ngokocansi, ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi, isimo sengqondo esiphathelene nobuhlobo obuseduze, kanye nemibono ephathelene nezinganekwane zokudlwengula. Iningi lezifundo zenziwa e-United States (39; 85%) futhi isukela ngosuku kusukela ku-1962 kuya ku-1995, ne-35% (n = 16) enyatheliswa phakathi kwe-1990 ne-1995, ne-33% (n = 15) phakathi kwe-1978 I-1983. Usayizi ophelele wesampula wabantu abangu-12,323 uhlanganisa ukuhlaziywa kwe-meta yamanje. Ubukhulu besilinganiso (d) babalwa kukho konke okuguquguqukayo okuxhomeke kulokho okushicilelwe eshicilelwe encwadini yezemfundo, kunesayizi yesampuli esiphezulu ye-12 noma ngaphezulu, futhi kufakwe iqembu eliqhathaniswa noma eliqhathaniswayo.

Isilinganiso esingenasindo nesisindisiwe sokwehluka kwezocansi (.68 no .65), ukwenza ucansi (.67 no .46), ubudlelwano obusondelene (.83 no .40), kanye nenganekwane yokudlwengulwa (.74 no .64) kunikeza ubufakazi obucacile eqinisekisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwengozi eyengeziwe yokuthuthuka okungalungile lapho ivezwa ezithombeni ezingcolile. Le miphumela iphakamisa ukuthi ucwaningo kule ndawo lungadlulela embuzweni wokuthi ngabe izithombe zocansi zinomthelela yini ebudloveni nasekusebenzeni komndeni.

Ucwaningo kanye Nemiphumela Yokuziphatha Ehlanganiswa Nezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile

I-Weaver (i-1993), impikiswano ivela emibhalweni emithathu yemiphumela yokuvezwa kwezithombe zocansi:

  1. Ukumelelwa kobulili njengendlela yokufunda ngokubuka imfundiso yenhlalo ehlobene nalokho osekunqatshelwe noma kufihliwe (ukukhululeka) - ukuvimbela, ukuba necala, izindlela zokuziphatha, ukugcizelela ezocansi, konke lokho kungasuswa ngezithombe zocansi (Feshbach, 1955). 2 Kutchinsky (1991) waphinda lo mbono, wathi izinga lokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi lehlile lapho izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zenziwa zitholakale kalula, zisebenza njengohlobo lwevalvu yokuphepha elehlisa izingxabano zocansi futhi ngaleyo ndlela linciphise izinga lamacala ezocansi. Noma kungaphikiswana kakhulu, okushiwo yilo mqondo ukuthi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zinikeza uhlobo lokufunda, ngokusho kombhali, olwenza abalingisi balingise.
    Kuyaphikiswana ngoba le mpikiswano isetshenziswa futhi ngabagqugquzeli benkululeko yokuthengisa ngomzimba njengendlela yokwehlisa inani lokuhlaselwa ngokocansi (McGowan, 2005; Vadas, 2005). Leyo ndlela yokucabanga yehlisa isithunzi somuntu nokuthi kusho ukuthini ukuba ngumuntu. Okusemqoka wukuthi abantu abazona izimpahla;
  2. Ukuxoshwa komuntu, ngokuphambene nombono owandulele, futhi lapho izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ziqala khona futhi isithombe esiphezulu sabantu besifazane (Jensen, 1996; Stoller, 1991);
  3. Ukuhlaziya ngokwemifanekiso lokho akuhambisani neqiniso. Kalula nje, izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zinikeza umbono ophungula kakhulu wobudlelwano bezenhlalo. Ngoba isithombe asiyona nje uchungechunge lwezigcawu zocansi ezicacile, eziphindaphindayo nezingenangqondo, ukushaya indlwabu ezithombeni zobulili ezingcolile kuyingxenye yochungechunge lokuhlanekezelwa hhayi ingxenye yeqiniso. Lokho kuphazamiseka kungahlanganiswa nokuguquguquka okunamandla nokuma okuyi-criminogenic. Ukuvezwa kaningi kumenza umuntu abulawe amandla ngokushintsha kancane kancane izindinganiso zakhe nokuziphatha kwakhe njengoba imikhuba iba namandla kakhulu (Bushman, 2005; Carich & Calder, 2003; Jansen, Linz, Mulac, & Imrich, 1997; Malamuth, Haber, & Feshbach, 1980; Padgett & Brislin-Slutz, 1989; Silbert & Pines, 1984; Wilson, Colvin, & Smith, 2002; Winick & Evans, 1996; Zillmann & Weaver, 1999).

Ngamafuphi, ucwaningo olwenziwe kuze kube yimanje alubonisanga ngokucacile isixhumanisi esiqondile-nesezimpikiswano phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile nokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi, kodwa iqiniso lihlala lokuthi abacwaningi abaningi bayavumelana ngento eyodwa: Ukuvezwa isikhathi eside ezintweni ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile kufanele uvimbele lowo muntu. Lokhu kwaqinisekiswa nguLinz, uDonnerstein noPenrod ngo-1984, kwalandela uSapolsky ngonyaka ofanayo, uKelley ngo-1985, uMarshall kwalandela uZillmann ngo-1989, uCramer, uMcFarlane, uParker, uSoeken, uSilva, noReel ngo-1998 kanti muva nje, uThornhill no UPalmer ngo-2001, no-Apanovitch, uHobfoll noSalovey ngo-2002. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wabo, bonke laba baphandi baphetha ngokuthi ukuchitha isikhathi eside ezithombeni zobulili ezingcolile kunomthelela wokulutha futhi kuholele abahlukumezi ukunciphisa ubudlova ezenzweni abazenzayo.

Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nezimo zengqondo ezisekela ubudlova obubhekiswe kwabesifazane: ukuhlaziya ubuhlobo kwizifundo ezingenasidingo (2010) - Ingcaphuno:

Ukuhlaziywa kwe-meta kwenziwa ukuze kutholakale ukuthi izifundo ezingekho emkhakheni wezwe ziveze ukuthi kukhona ukuhlangana phakathi kwabantu abasebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nezimo zabo zengqondo ezisekela udlame olubhekiswe kwabesifazane. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-meta kwalungisa izinkinga ngokuhlaziywa kwemeta eshicilelwe ngaphambili futhi kwengeze okutholakele okwedlule. Ngokungafani nokuhlaziywa kwe-meta ngaphambilini, imiphumela yamanje ibonise inhlangano ebonakalayo ebalulekile phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nezimo zengqondo ezisekela udlame olubhekiswe kwabesifazane kwizifundo ezingekho emkhakheni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimo sengqondo esinjalo sitholakale siqondana kakhulu nokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile zobudlova kunokuba kusetshenziswe izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezingekho emthethweni, nakuba ubuhlobo bokugcina bubonakala bubalulekile.

Ucwaningo luxazulula lokho okwakubonakala kungukuhlukumeza okukhathazayo ezincwadini ezithombeni zobulili ezingcolile kanye nezimo zengqondo ezinobudlova ngokubonisa ukuthi iziphetho ezivela ezifundweni ezingekho ngaphansi kwaleyo ndawo zisebenza ngokugcwele nalezo zohlelo lwazo lwabalandeli. Lokhu kuthola impumelelo ebalulekile kulo lonke izincwadi ezithombeni zobulili ezingcolile kanye nobudlova.

Umkhakha wezocansi ukugxila kwenkambo yokuphila ekuqaleni nokuvama kobulili obucasulayo (2014) - Izingcaphuno:

Ucwaningo luye lwahlola ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ngokweqile. Kodwa-ke, cishe akukho msebenzi oye wahlola ukuthi ngabe ezinye izimboni zezocansi zithinta ubugebengu bobulili. Ngokungeziwe, umphumela wokuqoqa walezi zimboni aziwa. Imfundiso yokufunda umphakathi ibikezela ukuthi ukuvezwa kufanele kukhulise ukucasula.

Ukudweba idatha ye-retrospective longitudinal, sihlola kuqala ukuthi ukuvezwa ngesikhathi sokukhula kuhlotshaniswa nesikhathi esincane sokuqala; siphinde sihlole ukuthi ukukhulelwa komuntu omdala kuhlobene nokuvama okukhulu kokucasula.

Okutholakele kubonisa ukuthi izinhlobo eziningi zokuchayeka kwentsha kanye nokwehliswa okuphelele kuhlobene nokudala kwasekuqaleni. Ukuvezwa lapho umuntu esemdala kuhlotshaniswa nokwanda okwenziwe ubulili obucasulayo, kodwa imiphumela yayixhomeke ku "hlobo."

I-Meta-Ukuhlaziywa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nemisebenzi yezenzo zokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi ngokujwayelekile Population Studies (2015). - Isicashunwa:

Ukuhlaziywa kwezibalo zokucwaninga kokuhlola kuye kwathola imiphumela ekuphatheni okubi nokucabanga. Ukutholakala kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezihlobene nezimo zengqondo ezinonya ezifundweni zemvelo nazo zitholakale. Kodwa-ke, akukho meta-analysis ephendule umbuzo oshukumisa lesi sigaba somsebenzi: Ingabe ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuyahambisana nokwenza izenzo zangempela zobudlova ngokobulili? Ucwaningo lwe-22 oluvela emazweni ahlukene we-7 luhlaziywe. Ukusetshenziswa kwakuhlotshaniswa nokuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili e-United States nakwamanye amazwe, phakathi kwamadoda nabesilisa, nasezifundweni ezingezansi kanye nangesikhathi eside. Izinhlangano zaziqinisile kunomlomo ngaphezu kokuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili, nakuba zombili zazibalulekile. Iphethini elijwayelekile lemiphumela lisikisela ukuthi okuqukethwe okubudlova kungase kube yinto ekhudlwana.

I-Adolescents ne-Pornography: Ukubuyekezwa kwe-20 Years of Research (2016) - Ingcaphuno:

Umgomo walokhu kubuyekezwa kwakuwukuhlelwa kocwaningo lwama-empirical olwakhicilelwe kuwo amaphephandaba we-English abuyekezwa kontanga phakathi kwe-1995 ne-2015 ngobuningi, ababikezeli, kanye nemithelela yokusetshenziswa kwentsha kwezithombe zocansi. Lolu cwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi intsha iyazisebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, kepha amazinga okuxhaphaka kwehluka kakhulu. Intsha eyayisebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kaningi yayingabesilisa, esigabeni esithe xaxa sokuphola, ababefuna umuzwa, futhi benobudlelwano obuthakathaka noma obunenkinga yemindeni. Ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kwakuhlotshaniswa nezimo zengqondo zobulili ezivumayo futhi kwakuvame ukuxhunyaniswa nezinkolelo zobulili eziqinile zobungqingili. Kwakubonakala sengathi kuhlotshaniswa nokutholakala kocansi, ukuhlangenwe nakho okukhulu ngokwendlela yokuziphatha ngokocansi, nokuhlukunyezwa okuningi kobulili, kokubili ngokubhekene nokuhlukunyezwa.

Ukubikezela ukuHlelwa kobudlova ngokocansi ekukhuliseni (2017) - Ingcaphuno:

Ngemuva kokulungiswa kwezici ezingase zibe nomthelela, pukuvezwa kokuhlukunyezwa kwabazali bomshado nokuhlukunyezwa kwamanyalabuli angcolile okwakubhekene nakho konke kwakuhlobene kakhulu nokuvela kwe-SV yokuzama ukudlwengula-ngaphandle kokuzama izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zobudlova. Ukuziphatha kwamanje okunolaka nakho kwakuthinteka kakhulu kuzo zonke izinhlobo zecala lokuqala le-SV ngaphandle kokudlwengulwa. Ukuhlukunyezwa kwangaphambilini kokuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili kanye nokuhlukunyezwa kwamanje kokuhlukunyezwa kwengqondo ebuhlotsheni kwakungokubikezela kokuqedwa komuntu kokuqala kwe-SV, noma ngabe kunamaphethini ahlukahlukene.

Kulolu cwaningo olude lwesizwe lwezinhlobo ezihlukile ze-SV yokuqothuka phakathi kwamadoda nabesifazane abasebasha, okutholakele kuphakamisa izici eziningana ezingadingeki okumele zibhekiswe kuzo, ikakhulukazi izikripthi zobudlova obuphakathi komuntu obhekene nabazali abahlukumezayo emakhaya omusha futhi futhi ziqiniswa yizithombe zobulili ezingcolile zobudlova.

Siphetha ngokunye okuthunyelwe kwi-sexology enkulu kubonisa ingxoxo yezocansi kanye nezenzo zocansi / ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi. Njengoba uzobona, umbhali u-pro-porn kakhulu (nomcwaningi wesondo we-PhD):

Ngicabanga ukuthi isitatimende esiphezulu engikwenzile sisho ukuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili kanye nezinye iziguquko zemihlahlandlela. Kuleli phuzu, ngaphezu kwe-a) idatha ehambisanayo ebonisa ukuhlushwa okukhulu kocansi okuxhunywe kuzo zonke izinhlobo zobulili nezingaxubile zengqondo nezenzo zokuziphatha, sinakho futhi:

b) idatha yokuhlola ekhombisa ukuthi ukuvezwa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kukhulisa ubudlova obenziwa ngabesilisa nababili ebhodini (izinto ezinjengokwenyama, okokusebenza, noma ukuhlukumezeka kwengqondo njengokuphathwa kokushaqeka kukagesi) (Izifundo ezingama-33 zihlolisiswe ngemeta e-Allen, D'Alessio, naseBrezgel, 1995);

c) idatha yokuhlola ekhombisa ukuvezwa kwezocansi ikhulisa izimo zengqondo ezisekela udlame lwezocansi (ukwamukelwa kodlame lwabantu, ukwamukelwa kwezinganekwane zokudlwengula, kanye nemigwaqo yokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi) (Izifundo ze-16 zihlaziyiwe emeta ku-Emmers, Gebhardt, & Giery, 1995);

d) ubufakazi longitudinal ukuthi ukubukela porn ngaphezulu ngesikhathi Isikhathi 1 ixhunyaniswe ngaphezulu izenzo zangempela ubudlova ngokobulili Isikhathi 2 (5 izifundo meta-ihlaziye e Wright, Tokunaga, & Kraus, 2015), ngisho nangemva ukulawula ongase wahlula ezicini eziningi, kuhlanganise zokuhlushwa kobulili, ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa, njll.

Ngenxa yalokhu bufakazi, kunzima kakhulu futhi kungenangqondo, ngombono wami, ukuphikisa ukuthi izixhumanisi zangempela zokuphila phakathi kocansi nobudlova ngandlela-thile akuzona zangempela futhi azikho ngokuphelele. Yebo, umthamo wokungabaza kufanele uhlale, futhi izifundo zocwaningo ezingcono kakhulu kumele ziqhubeke njalo zenziwe, kodwa njengamanje, uma ngaphoqelelwa ukubheja, ngabe ngithi ngiyofaka imali yami lapho ekubeni ngiba khona umphumela ongemuhle we-porn ekuhlukumezeni ngokocansi, ngaleyo mphumela kungenzeka ube) encane, b) ukhawulelwe eqenjini labantu abanobungozi obukhulu, futhi c) kukhulunywa kakhulu ngezinhlobo ezithile ze-porn (ezinobudlova) kunabanye (ezingenampilo kodwa ezijwayelekile igama elithi porn) kanye nokungabikho kwezinye izinhlobo ze-porn (feminist, Queer).

Yiqiniso, akukho datha noma idatha yesikhathi eside engaphelele ekunqumeni ukucwasa emhlabeni wangempela, kodwa sonke sibonakala sivuma ukuthi basho ngokujulile ukucabangela uma kuziwa kwezinye izindawo zokucwaninga ngengqondo. Yizindinganiso zethu zegolide zokusungula ubungako bazo zonke izinhlobo zemiphumela yokuziphatha. Kungani singabaza kangako uma kukhulunywa ngale ndawo eyodwa yocwaningo? Ngoba ayihambisani nezifiso zethu ze-porn ukuze zingabi nemiphumela emibi? Ngiyaxolisa, kepha ngiyayithanda i-porn kakhulu njengoba nenza nonke (empeleni ngiyathanda), kepha angikwazi ukubeka izizathu zokubamba i-porn ezindinganisweni eziphakeme zobufakazi ngoba angikuthandi okutholakele. Yilokhu engangikuqonde lapho ngithi ukwenqaba noma ukungazinaki lezi zinto ezitholakele kusenza singaboni futhi siwukhumbule umbono wethu njengabaphikisi abamele i-porn….

... ..I kade ungafuni kufanisa nathi anti-porn e nendlela esisebenzisa ngayo okutholakele kanye nomthelela for ukungenelela wangempela esizithola kubo. Yini I wayethi liwukuthi njengazo nje benza, kubonakala kuqashwa abanye isiqinisekiso ukucwasana kuhle eqinile ekuboneni kuphela lokho sifuna ukubona. Kodwa ngokuvula amehlo ukuze ubufakazi oqhubeka obandayo, thina alimaza ukuthembeka kwethu njengoba inhloso abafuna iqiniso, singabe nokukhawulela umthelela ukuma kwethu ukuthi ekuvimbeleni porn akulona ikhambi ungaba ku enacting ushintsho bomhlaba wangempela.

Ngokuthatha isikhundla ngokweqile ("alukho uhlobo lwe-porn olunemiphumela yobudlova bocansi kunoma ngubani") olungasekelwa ubufakazi, sizenza singabalulekanga futhi sixoshwe kalula njengoba kuqhutshwa umqondo omuhle njengabaqulisi abasebenza esinye isikhundla esithe xaxa ("zonke izithombe zocansi zikhulisa ubutha bocansi kuwo wonke umuntu obukelayo").

Futhi, ungangenzi okungalungile: Ngiyayithanda i-porn, ngiyibuka ngaso sonke isikhathi, futhi nginesifiso sokuyinqabela.

Iya ezifundweni i-Alliance eyikhetha ngokucophelela, futhi izibonelo eziningi zalokho okwakushiwo ngenhloso.

Izifundo ze-Alliance:

UBurton, DL, Leibowitz, GS, noHoward, A. (2010).Ukuqhathaniswa nohlobo lobugebengu bobugebengu bentombazane ekuhlakalweni kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile: Ukungabikho kobudlelwane phakathi kokuvezwa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nezici zocansi 1. I-Journal of Nursing Forensic, i-6 (3), i-121-129. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Isifinyezo se-Alliance sishiya izibalo ezimbalwa ezibaluleke kakhulu: ukusetshenziswa kocansi kwakuhlobene kokubili ubugebengu obuhlukumeza ngokobulili nokungafani nobulili. Kusukela ku-abstract:

Abahlukumezi ngokobulili babika ngaphezulu kokuqala nokuthunyelwe kwe-10 (iminyaka yobudala) ekuvezweni kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kunabantu abahlukumezayo abangashadile. Noma kunjalo, kulabo abahlukunyezwa ngokocansi, ukuvezwa akuhambisani nesikhathi lapho abahlukumezi beqala ukuhlukumeza, inani labo ababikiwe, noma ubukhulu besenzo socansi. I-pre-10 exposure subscale ayihlolelani nenani labantwana iqembu elihlukunyezwa ngokocansi, futhi ukukhishwa okukhulu kwe-exposcale akuzange kuhambisane nokuvuswa kokudlwengula noma izinga lamandla elisetshenziswe intsha. Okokugcina, ukuvezwa kwakuhlobene kakhulu nazo zonke izibalo zobugebengu ezingasithandani kulesi sifundo.

I-Alliance ithemba ukuthi akekho ofunda isifundo sangempela.

Kutchinsky, B. (1991). Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile nokudlwengula: inkolelo nokuziphatha? Ubufakazi obuvela kudatha lobugebengu emazweni amane lapho izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zitholakala khona kalula. Journal International Law and Psychiatry. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Idatha yangaphambi kwe-inthanethi kusuka kuma-1980's. Njengasemazweni akhethwe nguMilton Diamond, lokhu kubandakanya idatha kuzwelonke. Kucindezelwe esethulweni.

URasmussen, KR, noKohut, T. (2019). Ingabe ukuya enkolelweni yenkolo kulinganisa ukuhlobana phakathi kokusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile nezimo zengqondo ngabesifazane? I-Journal Sex Research, i-56 (1), i- 38-49. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Ilungu le-Alliance uTaylor Kohut. Ukwanda kokukhonjwa kwamandla emali, njengoba ukutadisha kwakhe akuhlangene nokuhlukumeza ngokocansi. Njengezinye izifundo zikaKohut (ezichazwe ngenhla), ukhethe izindlela zokuqinisekisa ukuthi abesifazane abakholwayo (abasebenzisa izithombe ezingcolile ezingaphansi) bathola amaphuzu aphansi kunhlobo yakhe "yezimilo ezilinganayo." U-Kohut uzimele “egalitarianism ” as kuphela:

  1. Ukusekela ukukhipha isisu.
  2. HHAYI Ukukholelwa ukuthi impilo yomndeni ihlupheka uma owesifazane enomsebenzi wesikhathi esigcwele.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyini izinkolelo zakho, kulula ukubona ukuthi abantu abangokwenkolo bangaphumelela kude aphansi ku-Taylor Kohut's 2-ingxenye "egalitarianism".

Nasi isihluthulelo: izizwe zomhlaba, ezivame ukuba zikhululekile, sebenzisa izithombe ezingcolile ngezinga eliphezulu kakhulu kunabantu abakholwayo. Ngokukhetha kuphela lezi zici ze-2 nokungazinaki ezinye iziguquko ezingapheli, u-Taylor Kohut wayazi ukuthi uzoqeda ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe ezingcolile (ikakhulukazi emiphakathini yezwe) ehambisana nezilinganiso zakhe ezikhethiwe eziphathelene nalokho okushiwo "ukulingana"(Ephansi kunabantu abakholwayo). Khona-ke uKohut wakhetha isihloko esiphelele konke.

UKristen N. Jozkowski, uTiffany L. Marcantonio, uKelley E. Rhoads, uSasha Canan, uMary E. Hunt noMalaki Willis (2019) Ukuhlaziywa Okuqukethwe Ngokwemvume Yezocansi Nokuxhumana Ukulahlwa Kwamafilimu Ajwayelekile, Journal of Sex Research, DOI: 10.1080 / 00224499.2019.1595503 Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Okuningi okushiwo ukwehla kwemali. Lolu cwaningo alulona izithombe zobulili ezingcolile. Awekho ama-movie akhethiwe ayedwe yi-X. Eqinisweni, iningi lalingu-PG-13. Zama okuhle, i-Alliance.

UKutchinsky, B. (1992). Ipolitiki yocwaningo lwezithombe zocansi. Umthetho & Soc'y Rev., 26, 447. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Akuyona isifundo. Umhlahlandlela we-1992 ongafanele mayelana nendaba. Khuluma ngesikhala sokukhuphuka kwemali.

UMellor, E., noDuff, S. (2019).Ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nobuhlobo phakathi kwezithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile kanye nobulili obuhlukumeza abesilisa: Ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile. Ukuhlukunyezwa nokuziphatha kobudlova. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Isifinyezo se-Alliance sasinembile ngokunembile. Kodwa-ke, siyabuza ukuthi umlobi ukhethe ukuthatha i-21 kuphela yamaphepha afanelekile we-157 ukuze abuyekezwe. Ukubhuka kwethu kusekelwa yilokho iqiniso lokuthi akukho ukubuyekezwa kwezincwadi okufika kuzo eziphethweni ezifanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iningi lamaphepha akhethwe yi-21 ahilelekile omdala ekuhlukumezeni izingane ngokocansi, hhayi ingane kumntwana, noma omdala kulabo abalungile abadala. Ekhuluma ngezifundo zikaMilton Diamond, umcwaningi uNeil Malamuth waphawula ukuthi imiphumela yabahlengikazi abasebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezinganeni zingase zihluke kakhulu emiphumeleni yama-non-pedophiles esebenzisa izithombe zocansi zabantu abadala:

Kuyasiza ukubheka ukuthi kungenzeka kube khona "ama-subgroups" ahlukile kakhulu anethonya elihluke kakhulu (futhi elihlukile) lokudalulwa, ikakhulukazi maqondana nezithombe zocansi zezingane, njengoba kusikiselwe umsebenzi kaMickey Diamond kanye nethuba lokuthola izithombe zobulili ezingcolile. Sixoxe ngalesi sihloko esihlokweni esilandelayo: UMalamuth, N. & Huppin, M. (2007). Ukudweba umugqa kuzithombe zocansi zezingane ezibonakalayo: Ukuletha umthetho ngokuhambisana nobufakazi bocwaningo.

Ngokumane nje, i-meta-analaysis ayikhiphi cishe yonke isifundo kubantu abakhulu abahlukumezekile ngokobulili, okwaholela ekutheni kube nomphumela omuhle kakhulu.

UFerguson, CJ, noHartley, RD (2009).Injabulo yesikhashana ... izindleko ezilimazayo?: Ithonya lezithombe zobulili ezingcolile zokudlwengulwa nokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi. Ukuhlukunyezwa nokuziphatha okubudlova, i-14 (5), i-323-329. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Isifinyezo se-Alliance sinembile - "Amanani okuhlukunyezwa okudlwengulwa e-United States abonisa ukuhlobana okuphambene phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye namanani okudlwengula. Idatha evela kwamanye amazwe iye yasikisela ubuhlobo obufanayo.”Kodwa-ke, lolu cwaningo luncike emininingwaneni ehlanganisiwe yamanani okudlwengulwa nokutholakala kocansi emazweni ambalwa kuphela. Amaphutha amabi kulezi zinhlobo zezifundo ahlolwe ngenhla kusingeniso, nawo abhekise ocwaningweni lweMilton Diamond ngezansi.

Qaphela: Iminyaka eminingi, uFerguson uhlasele umqondo wokulutha kwe-intanethi, ngenkathi umkhankaso omkhulu wokugcina i-Internet Gaming Disorder iphuma ku-ICD-11. (Ulahlekelwe lowo ku-2019 lapho iNhlangano YezeMpilo Yezwe Yamukela i-ICD-11, kodwa umkhankaso wakhe uyaqhubeka ngezikhathi eziningi.) Eqinisweni, uFerguson noNicole Prause babengu-co-abhali emaphepheni amakhulu ezama ukuhlaziya izidakamizwa ze-intanethi. (Izimpendulo zabo zafakwa emaphepheni amaphepha ngabachwepheshe, ku lo magazini I-Journal of Addictions of Behavioral.)

IDayimane, M., Jozifkova, E., & Weiss, P. (2011). Izithombe zocansi kanye nobugebengu bezocansi eCzech Republic. Izinqolobane zokuziphatha ngokocansi, 40 (5), 1037-1043. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Ukufingqa kwe-Alliance kunembile: “Isikhathi sokuqhubeka isikhathi eside lapho ukutholakala kwezithombe zocansi bezingane bekungekho emthethweni… sikhombisa ukwehla kwezinga lokuhlukunyezwa kwezingane ngokocansi. ” Nakhu okushiwo nguMalamuth mayelana nocwaningo lukaDiamond engxoxweni eluhlwini lwezezifundo zezocansi ("Uyibhalile" uyabuza, impendulo yiMalamuth):

Ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nobugebengu bocansi: Ngicabanga ukuthi abantu abaningi babonakala benomuzwa wokuthi ucwaningo olubanzi lwezwe lonke lukhombise ukuvumelana okungafani phakathi kokusetshenziswa kocansi kanye nokudlwengula. Angikholwa ukuthi lokhu kuyiqiniso nakancane. Uma uya kusayithi likaMilton Diamond uqobo ungabona ukuthi uma imininingwane seyihlukanisiwe phakathi kokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi nokudlwengulwa kwezingane, kuyacaca ukuthi lokhu okwedlule akuzange kwehle (kepha futhi akuzange kwandise) njengoba izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zitholakala kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho ungabona ukuthi kunezibonelo zamazwe lapho okungenani kuhamba khona ngokweqile, kukhona ukulungiswa okuphezulu phakathi kokubili. Isibonelo, kunesihloko lapho okukhombisa ukuthi,

"IPapua New Guinea, iyizwe elibonakala kakhulu ezithombeni zobulili ezingcolile emhlabeni, ngokwe-Google Trends. I-PNG inabantu abangaphansi kwezigidi ze-8 abantu namanani aphansi okusebenzisa i-intanethi, kepha unamaphesenti amakhulu wokufuna amagama athi “porn” kanye “nezithombe zocansi” uma kuqhathaniswa nezwe ukusesha okuphelele. Ucwaningo olunyatheliswa ku-The Lancet lubike ukuthi amaphesenti angu-XNUM yamadoda ase-PNG Autonomous Region eBougainville adlwengule umlingani wakhe kanti u-59 ngamaphesenti wadlwengula owesifazane owayengeyena umlingani wabo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-athikili ikhombisa ukuthi amazwe aphezulu ayishumi afuna i-'acansi ': I-Google Trends
I-1. I-Papua New Guinea
I-2. Zimbabwe
I-3. Kenya
I-4. I-Botswana
I-5. Zambia
I-6. Ethiopia
I-7. IMalawi
I-8. Uganda
I-9. Fiji
I-10. ENigeria

Ngingacabanga ukuthi phakathi kwalawa kungaba namazwe anamazinga aphezulu ocansi nezinye izinhlobo zokuhlukunyezwa kwabesifazane. Uyacelwa ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi angiphikisi ukuthi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile "ziyimbangela" noma "imbangela" kepha kunenkolelo ejwayelekile yokuthi umhlaba wonke noma isikhathi eside ukuthi inhlangano ephikisayo ibonisiwe phakathi kokusetshenziswa kocansi nokudlwengula. Kungaba mnandi ukwenza ucwaningo olwalubukeka luphambana namasiko kusoseshini ngemuva kokulawula ngokwezibalo izinto ezinobungozi beConfluence Model, ikakhulukazi i-Hostile Masculinity.

Ngingabikezela ukuthi kulawo mazwe anezinga eliphakeme lobungozi, kunokuhlobana okuhle phakathi kokusetshenziswa kocansi nokudlwengula (ikakhulukazi phakathi kwamadoda ngokuvamile kunamacala ahlulelwe kuphela) kepha akukho ukulungiswa noma okuphambene emazweni anabantu abambalwa abakhona ingozi ngokusho kweModeli yeConfluence.

NIQAPHELA: ezingeni lomphakathi, izithombe ezingcolile zingaba nethonya elihle ekubhekaneni nobugebengu obubhekiswe kwezocansi

UMSEBENZI: Njengoba ngibonisile ngaphambili, angikholwa ukuthi idatha yeDayimane ehlobene nayo iveza okuvame ukucatshangwa ngamacala ocansi. Njengoba i-Diamond kanye nabo osebenza nabo bebonile, idatha ibonisa ubuhlobo obuphambene phakathi kokutholakala kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nokuhlukumeza ngokocansi kwezingane. Ayikho inhlangano ebalulekile efanayo ngokuvamile phakathi kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile nokudlwengula. Izimbangela zokudlwengula kanye nezici zabadlwenguli ngokumelene nabahlukumezi babantwana ngokuvamile zihluke kakhulu futhi akufanele zihlanganiswe ndawonye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imininingwane ihambisana nezinga lezwe ngokuvamile futhi idinga ukuqaphela okukhulu mayelana nobudlelwano obuyimbangela, ngokwengxenye ngenxa "yenkinga yokuhlangana" (IKingston neMalamuth, 2011).

Okungaqedwa ngokuzethemba ukuthi emazweni afundwayo, akukho ukwanda okujwayelekile kokudlwengulwa lapho kushintshwa imithetho yezocansi ukuze kuvunyelwe ukutholakala kwezithombe zocansi. Futhi, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi kubonakala sengathi wonke amazwe afundwe yiDamondi nabangane kubonakala sengathi yibo abangase babe namadoda ambalwa asengozini enkulu yokwenza ubulili. Bengingafikile ngaphambilini wabheka phezulu Croatia, kodwa okusheshayo yosesho lwe-google ibonisa ukuthi 94% ungavumelani isitatimende ukuthi abesifazane kufanele ukubekezelela ubudlova ukuze ukugcina umkhaya undawonye.

UKUBUKULA: kodwa, ngaphakathi kwalowo mphakathi ukufinyelela okubanzi kunamadoda avela ku-porn lapho i-porn ikhulisa khona ingozi yokuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili, ngenxa yokuhlangana kwezinkinga zobungozi

ISIPHUMA: ngokuyinhloko ngokuvumelana nalokho obhale kodwa kwahlukana ngendlela ehlukile: kwabesilisa emphakathini jikelele abanamazinga aphakeme kakhulu ezintweni eziyingozi "eziyinhloko", idatha ibonisa ngokuqinile ukuthi ukusetshenziswa "okunzima" kwe-porn kungakhuphula isimo sengqondo sobudlova ngokocansi kanye nokuthambekela kokuziphatha.

NIQAPHELA: imiphakathi evumela ukufinyeleleka kocansi ingase ihlanganyele ekuhwebeni, yokwamukela ingcosana yengozini eyengeziwe ebandleni elincane ngenani elikhudlwana lokunciphisa ingozi kubantu abaningi

ISIPHUMA: Ngicabanga ukuthi kufanele siqaphele ekwenzeni ukukhiqizwa kwemikhakha emiphakathini ngaphandle kokucabangela ukungezwani komqondo phakathi kwabo. Ngicabanga ukuthi ukushintsha imithetho yezithombe zocansi eSaudi Arabia vs. Denmark kuzobe nemiphumela ehluke kakhulu. Futhi, Ngicabanga ukuthi ukugxila kuphela noma ngokuyinhloko ekubhekaneni nobugebengu obuphathelene nokulala ngokobulili, ikakhulukazi ukudlwengula, kungaba yinkinga. Isibonelo, njengoba sibhalile kwenye indawo, iJapane ivame ukusetshenziswa njengesinye sezibonelo ezihamba phambili zamazwe lapho izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zitholakala khona kabanzi (kufaka phakathi izithombe zocansi "ezinodlame") futhi namanani okudlwengulwa aphansi kakhulu manje nangokomlando.

IJapane ngempela izwe eliye laba nokuvinjelwa okuqinile kokuxhumana ngokumelene nokuhlukunyezwa kwabesifazane "ngaphakathi kweqembu". Kodwa-ke, cabanga ngokunye ukubonakala okungenzeka: “Ukuphumputha ezitimeleni zabagibeli abagcwele kube yinkinga eJapan: ngokocwaningo olwenziwe yiTokyo Metropolitan Police kanye ne-East Japan Railway Company, izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zabagibeli besifazane abaneminyaka engama-20 nengama-30 babike ukuthi babebambekile ezitimeleni, futhi iningi lalihlukunyezwa kaningi. ” Lapho udlame olubhekiswe kwabesifazane lubekezelelwe, lube luphakeme ngokwedlulele (isb. Bheka uChang, * Ukudlwengulwa KweNanking *,). Noma ngiphikisana nesiphakamiso sakho, angiqiniseki ukuthi singafinyelela esiphethweni esinje ngalesi sikhathi.

Kalula nje, ukuthembela kusethi emibili yemininingwane yezwe lonke (kubikwa ubugebengu bezocansi obubikiwe kanye nokutholakala kwe-porn) okuqhamuka emazweni ambalwa (ngenkathi unganaki amakhulukhulu amanye amazwe), ukusekela isimangalo esithi i-porn ethe xaxa iholela emacaleni ambalwa ocansi. ukundiza phakathi kososayensi beqiniso.

UGoldstein, M., Kant, H., Judd, L., Rice, C., noGreen, R. (1971).Ukuzibonela ngezithombe zobulili ezingcolile: Abadlwenguli, abahamba ngezinyawo, abalingqingili, abathandana nabo, kanye nokulawula. I-Archives yokuziphatha ngokocansi, i-1 (1), i-1-15. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Ucwaningo olwenziwa ngo-1971 emadodeni amadala (mhlawumbe azalwa ngawo-1920's-40's) lokuhlola imiphumela “yamafilimu ocansi” “kwabaphambukayo.” Qaphela - ucwaningo luhlukanise izihloko zobungqingili nama-transgender "njengeziphambukayo." Izifundo eziningi zakamuva (okubalwe ngezansi), kubika okutholakele okuphikisana nesifundo se-1971.

Ihhafu, i-GM, ne-Malamuth, i-NN (2015). Imiphumela yokuhlola yokuchayeka ezithombeni zobulili ezingcolile: Umphumela wokulinganisela wobuntu nomphumela wokulamula wokuvusa ucansi. Izingobo zomlando zokuziphatha ngokocansi, 44 (1), 99-109. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Usekela umbono wokuthi ukusetshenziswa kobulili kungabangela isimo sengqondo socansi esisekela ubudlova besifazane phakathi kwezinhlobo ezithile zobuntu. I-abstract:

Ukusebenzisa isampula yomphakathi ekhethwe ngokungahleliwe kwabesilisa nabesifazane abadala abase-200 isiDanishi esesimweni esibucayi sokuhlola, isifundo siphume imiphumela yemfanelo yomuntu (ukuvumelanisa), okudlulile ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile, nokuvezwa kokuhlola ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile ezimpikweni zokusekela ubudlova abesifazane (ASV).

Sithole ukuthi amazinga aphansi okuvumelanisa kanye namazinga aphezulu wezithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile ezisetshenziswe kakhulu nge-ASV. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukutholakala kokuhlola kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kwanda ukukhula kwe-ASV kodwa kuphela phakathi kwabantu abavumelana ngokuvumelana. Lobuhlobo buyatholakala ukuthi bukhulunywe kakhulu ngokuvuswa kocansi nokuvuswa kocansi okubhekisela ekuhloleni okuzimele kokuzizwa ujabule ngokocansi, ukulungele imisebenzi yezocansi, kanye / noma izinzwa zomzimba ezihlobene nokuvuswa ngocansi. Ekugcizelela ukubaluleka kokungaboni ngaso linye, imiphumela isekelwe imodeli yokuzibandakanyeka kokuzibandakanya kwezocansi kanye nezincwadi zabezindaba ngokubambisana okubambisana nemiphumela yokubamba iqhaza.

Qaphela: Amadoda “anamazinga aphansi wokuvumeleka” angabonisa inani elikhulu labantu.

I-Bauserman, R. (1996). Ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi kanye nezithombe zobulili ezingcolile: Ukubuyekezwa kokucwaninga okuhambisana. I-Basic Psychology Social esebenzisekile, i-18 (4), i-405-427. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: I-Alliance ishiye umusho oyisihluthulelo kulokhu kucashunwa kwabo (kukhishwe):

Abantu abenza ubulili ngokuvamile abanakho ukuvezwa okungajwayelekile noma okungavamile kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kusukela ebuntwaneni noma ebusheni, uma kuqhathaniswa nabangasebenzi. Kodwa-ke, abambalwa beziphambeko babika ukusetshenziswa kwamanje kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezonweni zabo. Okutholakele kuhambisana nokubuka komphakathi kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile, kodwa hhayi ngombono wokuthi izinto zobulili ngokucacile zifaka isandla ngqo ebugebengu bobulili. Umzamo wokunciphisa amacala wezocansi kumele ugxile ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto ezenzekayo kanye nezizinda ezisetshenziswa kwinani elikhudlwana labaphula umthetho.

Ucwaningo oluningi luye lwashicilelwa eminyakeni yokugcina ye-25 ebika izixhumanisi phakathi kokusetshenziswa kocansi nokuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili.

Lezi zifundo ezilandelayo zihlanganisa ukusetshenziselwa ubulili nokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi, ukuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili, nokuphoqelela ngokocansi. I-Alliance ilahlekile kahle konke okuvela kulesi sigaba:

  1. Ukugqugquzela imiphumela ye-eerotic ngokuhlukunyezwa kwabesifazane (1978)
  2. Ukuqothulwa kocansi njengomsebenzi wokwehliswa kocansi ocansini (1981)
  3. Ucwaningo lwama-sexual Survey: Insimbi yocwaningo ehlola ukuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili nokuhlukunyezwa (1982)
  4. Izithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile kanye Nokuxhaswa Ngokobulili Nokunciphisa Ukudlwengulwa (1982)
  5. Ukuvezwa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile, izici zokuvumela futhi ezingabonakali, nokuhlukunyezwa kwamadoda kuma-female (1983)
  6. Imiphumela yezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezinonya ngezinkolelo zamacala okudlwengula: Ukungezwani komuntu ngamunye (1985)
  7. Ukuhlukumeza ngokocansi emithonjeni yezindaba: Imiphumela engacacile ngokuhlukunyezwa kwabesifazane (1986)
  8. Ukuphenywa okuyimpumelelo yendima yezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ekuhlukumezeni amagama nabesifazane ngokomzimba (1987)
  9. Ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile emlandweni wezobugebengu kanye nentuthuko yeziphambeko zocansi (1987)
  10. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-stimuli ecacile ngokobulili ngabadlwenguli, abantwana abahlukunyezwayo, kanye nabangasebenzi (1988)
  11. Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zobudlova nokuzikhohlisa kobulili (1988)
  12. Ukucabanga kwabantu besifazane nokucabanga ngokudlwengula njengokusebenza kokutholakala kokuqala kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile (1992)
  13. Amaphethini wokuvezwa okubonakalayo ngokocansi phakathi kwabahlukumezi bobulili, abantwana abancane, kanye nezilawuli (1993)
  14. Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nokuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili: Izinhlangano zokuboniswa ezinobudlova nezingenangqondo ngokudlwengula nokudlwengula (1993)
  15. Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zobulili, isimo sengqondo sokulwa nabesifazane, nokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi: Isibonelo se-Structural Equation (1993)
  16. Ukudlwengula Usuku Nokuhlukunyezwa Ngokocansi Emadodeni Amakolishi: Isimo kanye Nokubandakanya Ukungabi Nesisindo, Intukuthelo, Inzondo, Ukuphathwa Kwengqondo, Uthonya Lontanga Nezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Sebenzisa (1994)
  17. Izithombe zocansi nokuhlukumeza kwabesifazane (1994)
  18. Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile nokuhlukumeza kwabesifazane: inkolelo yokusebenza (1994)
  19. Imiphumela yezithombe zobulili ezingcolile zobudlova ezinkolelweni zokudlwengula zababukeli: Ucwaningo lwamadoda aseJapan (1994)
  20. Imiphumela yokuchayeka ukuhlukumeza ngokocansi ngesimo sengqondo sokudlwengula (1995)
  21. Ubuhlobo phakathi kokusetshenziswa kocansi nokusetshenziswa kwengane (1997)
  22. Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nokuhlukunyezwa kwabesifazane baseCanada ekudlelaneni ubudlelwane (1998)
  23. Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile nokuhlukumeza kwabesifazane: inkolelo yokusebenza (1998)
  24. Ukuhlola ukuxhumana phakathi kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nodlame lwezocansi (2000)
  25. Indima yezithombe zobulili ezingcolile etiology of aggression aggression (2001)
  26. Ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ngesikhathi sokuthunyelwa kwezigameko zocansi (2004)
  27. Ukuhlolisiswa Kwezinto Ezithuthukayo Ezihlobene Nezintandokazi Ezihlukumezayo Zobulili Phakathi Kokudlwengula Abadala (2004)
  28. Lapho Amazwi Alingekho: Ukusesha Umphumela Wezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Kwabesifazane Abahlukunyeziwe (2004)
  29. Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nentsha: ukubaluleka kokuhlukana komuntu ngamunye (2005)
  30. Izingozi Zengozi Yokuhlukunyezwa Ngokobulili Emadolobheni Ekholeji (2005)
  31. Amathuba Amadoda Okuhlukunyezwa Kwezocansi: Ithonya Lotshwala, Umdlandla Wezocansi, kanye Nezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile (2006)
  32. Izinkolelo-mbumbulu ezithinta izintatheli kubantu besifazane ngenxa yokuthola izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zobudlova: Imiphumela yokuphuza utshwala nokuvuthwa ngokocansi (2006)
  33. Ukubikezela ukuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili: indima yezithombe zobulili ezingcolile esimweni sezinto ezijwayelekile kanye nezingozi ezithile (2007).
  34. Ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile nokuzibandakanya okubikwayo ngokobulili phakathi kwentsha (2007)
  35. Amathrendi emibhalweni yentsha yezinxushunxushu zocansi, ukuhlukumeza kanye nokungabikho okungafuneki kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuyi-Internet (2007)
  36. Ubudlelwano phakathi kokulutha kocansi lwe-inthanethi, ukulingana ngokobulili, isimo sengqondo socansi kanye nesibonelelo sobudlova ngokocansi kwabasha (2007)
  37. Ukuxhumanisa Ukusetshenziswa Komuntu Kwemboni Yezocansi Ukulawula Amakhono Ekubudlelwaneni Obudlova (2008)
  38. Ukusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi: umthelela wokuvama kanye nohlobo lwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kusetshenziswa ekubuyiseleni phakathi kwabahlukumezi ngokocansi (2008)
  39. Ukubaluleka Kwemibono Yomuntu Ngokwezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Sebenzisa: Izimbono Nezimpendulo Zokwelapha Abahlukumezekile (2009)
  40. Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zisebenzisa njengendlela yokubeka engozini yokuziphatha okufutheka phakathi kwezingane ezithathelanayo ngokobulili nezintsha (2009)
  41. Ingabe ubudlova obuphathelene nocansi buhlobene ne-inthanethi eqinisekisiwe? Ubufakazi bomlando obuvela eSpain (2009)
  42. Ukuqhathaniswa nohlobo lobugebengu bobugebengu bentombazane engcolile ekuboniseni izithombe ezingcolile ziveza ukungabi khona kobudlelwane phakathi kokuvezwa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nezici zocansi (2010)
  43. Izinkinga ngeDatha Yedatha kanye Nokubaluleka Kwezingxabano Zomuntu Kuzo Ucwaningo Lwezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Nokuhlukunyezwa Ngokobulili: Amazwana ku-Diamond, Jozifkova, no-Weiss (2010)
  44. Ukuvezwa kocansi kunoma iyiphi inkambo yokuphila kanye nobukhulu bezenzo zocansi: Imiphumela ye-Imitation ne-cathartic (i-2011)
  45. Imithelela yeMisa Yezokuziphatha Ekubhekaneni Nezocansi Ezentsha Ukuhlola Isimangalo Se-Causality (2011)
  46. Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile Ukubukeka phakathi kwabantu abathandana nabo: Imiphumela ye-Intervention Stander, Ukwamukela Amacala Okudlwengula Nokuzibophezela Ukuziphatha Ukuhlukunyezwa Ngokocansi (2011)
  47. Izinto ezilinganiselwe i-X nokuqhutshwa kokuziphatha kocansi phakathi kwezingane nentsha: ingabe kukhona isixhumanisi? (I-2011)
  48. Ukubuka ukuhluka kobulili obuhlukile phakathi nobudlova nokuhlukunyezwa: Ucwaningo lokuhlola e-Italy (2011)
  49. Umehluko phakathi kwabahlukunyezwa ngokocansi kanye nabasolwa ngokuhlukunyezwa abesilisa abahlukumezekile ngokocansi: ukuphikisa okuthuthukiswa nokuqhathanisa nokuziphatha (2011)
  50. Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, ukungafani komuntu ngamunye engozini kanye nokwamukela kwamadoda ukuhlukunyezwa kwabesifazane ngesibonelo sokumela (2012)
  51. Imiphumela Yoboniswa Ezithombeni Zobulili Ezingcolile Ezizindleleni Zokuziphatha Ezibuhlungu Zomuntu (2012)
  52. Ingxenye II: umehluko phakathi kwabahlukunyezwa ngokobulili kanye nabasolwa ngokuhlukumeza abesilisa abasha ngokocansi kanye nentsha ehlukumezayo: ukuqhathaniswa kweqembu lokuthuthukiswa kwezinselele zokuthuthukiswa kanye nezinselele zokuziphatha (2012)
  53. I-Broadband Inthanethi: I-Superhighway Yezokwazisa Ezobulili? (I-2013)
  54. "Pho kungani wenze lokhu?": Izincazelo ezihlinzekwa yizingane ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile (2013)
  55. Ingabe izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezisebenzayo zilandela ukuqhubekela phambili kwe-Guttman? (I-2013)
  56. Amanani avamile abesilisa nabesifazane abahlukumeza ngokocansi ngokobulili esiteshini sikazwelonke sezingane ezincane (2013)
  57. I-analterosex ebalulekile phakathi kwabantu abasha kanye nemiphumela yokukhuthazwa kwezempilo: isifundo se-qualitative e-UK (2014)
  58. Imiphumela Yokuhlola Yokuboniswa Ezithombeni Zobulili Ezingcolile Umphumela Wokulinganisela Wobuntu Nokuthintana Okubambisana Nokuvusa Ngokwecansi (i-2014)
  59. Ubulili obuphoqelekile, ukudlwengulwa nokuxhashazwa ngokocansi: ukucabanga nokuhlangenwe nakho kwabafundi besikole esiphakeme eSouth Kivu, iDemocratic Republic of Congo (2014)
  60. Izithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile, Utshwala, Nokubambisana Ngokobulili Ngokobulili (2014)
  61. Ukubambisana Nokuhlukunyezwa Ngokobulili Phakathi Kwabesifazane Abashaywayo Abasebenzisa Ucwaningo Olubukeziwe Lwezocansi (Surveillance Experiences Survey) kanye ne-Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (2014)
  62. Ukuqonda Okubalulekile Kwama-Criminological Adult Pornography Nokuhlukumeza Kwabesifazane: Izikhombandlela Ezintsha Eziqhubekayo Ezokucwaninga Nezingqikithi (2015)
  63. Ukubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezinganeni: ukusabalalisa kanye nama-correlates kwisampula yommeleli womphakathi wamadoda amancane aseSweden (i-2015)
  64. Ukuhlola Ukusetshenziswa Kwezinto Ezingcolile Zobulili: Kuyini Ubudlelwane Nokuqinela Ngokobulili? (I-2015)
  65. Ukuhloswe Kwabesilisa Ukusetshenziswa KweMidiya, Inhloso Yabesifazane, Nezimo Zengqondo Ukusekela Ubudlova Kwabesifazane (2015)
  66. Ingabe ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuhlotshaniswa nokuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili okulwa nobulili? Ukuhlola kabusha i-Confluence Model ngokucatshangelwa okwesithathu okungafani (i-2015)
  67. Ukusebenzisa Izithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Zasebuntwaneni Ukusebenzisa nokulwa nobudlova phakathi kwesibonelo Sokubambisana Okumnyama NeSpanishi, Ukuhlala Emadolobheni, Intsha Engaphansi Kwezingane (2015)
  68. Izingozi Nezikhathi Zokuhlukunyezwa Ngokweqhaza Phakathi Kwabafundi BamaKholeji (2015)
  69. Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, ukuqiniswa ngokobulili nokuhlukumezeka nokuthumelelana imiyalezo ebudlelwaneni obuseduze nabaselula: Isifundo se-European (2016)
  70. Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezisetshenziswayo Sebenzisa: Indima Yezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Zabantu Abaqala Ngaphambi Kokusetshenziswa Sebenzisa kanye nokuhlukahluka komuntu ngamunye (i-2016)
  71. Izimo zokubhekana nokucindezelwa ngokocansi ngabafundi besikole esiphakeme sasePoland: izixhumanisi nezikripthi eziyingozi zobulili, ukusetshenziswa kocansi, kanye nenkolo (2016)
  72. Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, ukuqiniswa ngokobulili nokuhlukumezeka nokuthumelelana imiyalezo ebudlelwaneni obuseduze nabaselula: Isifundo se-European (2016)
  73. Abahlukumezi bobulili bezingane (2016)
  74. Ukuphila Okuhlangenwe Nesihluku Sengane Yengane Yengane: Isifundo Sezinkinga Zengqondo (2016)
  75. Ukuhlukumeza okuphukile: Okushoyo Nokuzijwayeza Ukuxilongwa Kwesimo Sesifazane (2016)
  76. Ukubikezela ukuHlelwa kobudlova ngokocansi ekukhuliseni (2017)
  77. Ukuhlolwa Kwezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Sebenzisa njenge-Predictor of Coercion Female (2017)
  78. Okungaphezu Komagazini: Ukuhlola Izixhumanisi Phakathi Kwama-Lads 'Mags, Ukuvunyelwa Kwenganekwane, neRape Proclivity (2017)
  79. Amasiko omuntu, iqembu lontanga, izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, i-Facebook, nokuphikisana kwabantu besifazane ngokocansi (2017)
  80. Ukukhuluma ngokuhlukumeza ngokocansi kwezingane kungangisiza ukuthi abantu abasha abahlukumeza ngokocansi bazindle ngokuvimbela ukuziphatha kocansi okulimazayo (2017)
  81. Ukuwela I-Threshold Kusuka Ku-Porn sebenzisa Inkinga Yezinsizi: Ukuphindaphindiwe nokuziqhathanisa kwe-Porn Sebenzisa njengababikezeli bezintandokazi zocansi (2017)
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  90. Lapho "ubuchopho obungokomzwelo" buqeda - Ukutadisha okunomqondo mayelana nezinselele ezibangelwa ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo zokuziphatha ngokocansi ngokusho kwababelapha kanye nabasizi bezokwelapha (2019)
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  92. Izici Zokuvikela Ngokulwa Nezenzo Ze-Pedophilic (2019)
  93. Ubufakazi bezithombe ezingcolile zobuchopho kanye nama-Rapes kusuka ku-Major YouTube Outage (2019)
  94. Izithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Nezocansi: Ucwaningo Case Lwabesifazane Abashadile Basezindaweni Zasemakhaya esifundeni saseTirunelveli (2019)
  95. Ukuphoqelelwa Ngocansi Abesifazane: Ithonya Lezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile NamaNarcissistic neHistrionic Personality Disorder Izici (2019)
  96. Lapho ungeke we-Tube… Umthelela wokuphuma okuhle kwe-YouTube kumaRapes (2019)
  97. Izingane ezihlanganyele ekuziphatheni okuyinkinga kobuntu (2019)
  98. Ingabe ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuhlobene nodlame lomlingani osondelene naye? Iqhaza elilinganiselayo lezimpawu ezibhekiswe kwabesifazane nodlame (2019).
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  100. Ukusekelwa kontanga besilisa kanye nokuhlaselwa ngokocansi: ubudlelwane obuphakathi kweProfayili ephezulu, ukubamba iqhaza kwezemidlalo esikoleni esiphakeme kanye nokuziphatha okuhlukumeza ngokocansi (2020)
  101. Ithonya Lobudlova Bocansi Ebudlelwaneni obuphakathi kwe-Intanethi Yezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Nokuzibamba (2020)
  102. Isibonelo Sokuguquguquka Kwezenzo Zobulili: Isicelo Esinama-Adolescent Males (2020)
  103. Ukuhlaziywa Kwezinga Lombuso Lokufa Nezwe le-Google Yezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile: Insight from The Life History Theory (2020)
  104. Izici nezici zobungozi kubahlukumezi bezocansi abasha (2020).
  105. Ukusetshenziswa Kwezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Zabesifazane, Ukusetshenziswa Kotshwala, Nokunukubezwa Ngokocansi (2020)
  106. Isivivinyo Semodeli Yokufunda Komphakathi Yokuchaza Ukuhlukunyezwa Kwentsha Yasekolishi Ku-inthanethi naku-Offline Sexual (2020)
  107. Ukubona Ukuxhumana Phakathi Kodlame Lwezocansi Lomlingani Obuseduze Nezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile (2020)

I-Realyourbrainonporn (i-pornresearch.com) iveziwe njenge imali ekhokhelwa imboni yezocansi.

Isigaba se-LGBT

Okuqukethwe / Eqinisweni: Awuqiniseki ukuthi kungani lesi sigaba sikhona. Izifundo lapha azikhohlisi lutho. Lesi sigaba singabhekwa njengesinye isibonelo se-RealYBOP-ukukhethwa kwe-cherry, njengoba ezinye izifundo eziningi zibika amazinga aphezulu okusebenzisa i-porn kanye nokulutha kwe-porn (i-CSBD) kuma-gay nabasosayensi. Kusuka Indima Yezinkinga Zokuhlukumezeka Ngama-Sexual Sex phakathi Kwabesilisa Abesilisa Abesilisa Abesilisa Abesilisa Abesilisa Abesilisa Abesilisa Abesilisa Ababulili (2014):

Ukuxhasana ngokobulili kungukukhathazeka okukhethekile kwabangqingili, abesilisa nabesifazane, kanye namanye ama-MSM anikezwe izinto eziyingqayizivele zengqondo ezithwala le nkinga phakathi kwaleli qembu, kubandakanya ukucindezeleka okuncane kunabo bonke ekuthuthukiseni (; ) kanye nobuhlobo phakathi kocansi oluyinkimbinkimbi kanye nengozi ye-HIV (; ). Ngaphezu kokubhekana nezinkinga ezingenakuphikisana nobulili obucatshangelwayo ngokuqhathaniswa namadoda angqingili (; ), amadoda abesilisa nabesifazane abesilisa nabesilisa nabesifazane abesilisa nabesilisa nabesifazane abesilisa nabesifazane abesilisa ababhekene nezilinganiso eziphakeme zezinye izici ezikhonjiswe ukuthi zihlotshaniswa kokubili ngokobulili nezinqubo zokucabangela ezingathandeki, okubandakanya ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi kwabantwana () nokucindezeleka okuhlobene nokubandlululwa komphakathi nokucwasa (; ).

Lezi zingcindezi zihlangana nezinkinga zempilo yengqondo, ezinjengobungqingili obuyinkinga, ukwakha iqoqo lezingozi, noma ubumbano, olusongela ngasikhathi sinye impilo yaleli qembu labantu (; ). Ngakho-ke, ukuhlonza izingxenye zokwelashwa kwanoma iyiphi yalezi zingozi zezempilo kungakwazi ukuphazamisa ukudluliswa kwempilo kwezingozi ezihambisanayo ezibhekene namalungu walesi sabantu.

Izifundo ezikhethwe yi-Alliance ezingazange zihlolisise imiphumela ye-porn kumsebenzisi, ngenkathi zishiya zonke izifundo ezithi wenza hlola imiphumela yokusetshenziswa kocansi kwizihloko ze-LGBT (lezi zifundo ezilandelayo zibike ukusetshenziswa kocansi okuhlanganiswe nemiphumela emibi):

Imithombo Ye-Inthanethi Ecacile Ngocansi, Ukwaneliseka Komzimba, kanye Nezilindelo Zobambisene Phakathi Kwabesilisa Abalala Ngabantu: Isifundo Esifanele (2017)- Ingcaphuno:

Izingxoxiswano ezinomqondo ezihlelekile ezenziwe nge-16 MSM, ezihlanganisa ithonya elibonakalayo le-SEOM eqondene ne-SEOM. Wonke amadoda ayisishiyagalolunye ahlanganisa izihloko zokwaneliseka komzimba kanye nokulindeleke komlingani abike ukuthi i-SEOM eqondene ne-MSM ibeke ukulindeleka kokubonakala komzimba okungenangqondo ngokwabo kanye / noma abalingani babo abangaba khona.

Ukubuka Imidiya Ecacile Ngocansi kanye Nokusebenzisana Kwayo Ngempilo Yengqondo Phakathi Kwabesilisa Abesilisa Abesilisa Abesilisa Abesilisa Abesilisa Abesilisa Nabesifazane Ngasese-US (2017) - Izingcaphuno

Amadoda angamaGay kanye nabesilisa nabesifazane (GBM) abike ukuthi babheka imithombo yezokuxhumana ecacile ngokocansi (SEM) kunabesilisa abathandana nabo. Kukhona ubufakazi bokuthi ukubuka inani elikhulu le-SEM kungabangela isimo sengqondo esingalungile somzimba kanye nethonya elibi. Kodwa-ke, akukho zifundo eziye zahlola lezi zinguquko ngaphakathi kwesimo esifanayo.

Ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwe-SEM kwakuhlobene ngokuqondile nomqondo ongathandeki womzimba okungaphezu kokubili nokucindezeleka nokucindezeleka. Kwakukhona nomphumela ophawulekayo oqondile wokusetshenziswa kwe-SEM kumpawu zokucindezeleka nokukhathazeka ngesimo sengqondo somzimba. Lezi zithole ziqokomisa ukubaluleka kokubili kwe-SEM emfanekisweni womzimba kanye nomthelela omubi kanye nesithombe somzimba esivela emidlalweni yokukhathazeka nokucindezeleka kwe-GBM.

Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zisebenzisana nabesilisa abancane ngokobulili: Izinhlangano zokunganeliseki komzimba, ukudla izimpawu zesifo, ukucabanga ngokusebenzisa i-anabolic steroids kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila (i-2017) - Okucaphuno:

Isampula se-2733 abesilisa abancane ngokobulili abahlala e-Australia naseNew Zealand bagcwalisa inhlolovo enhlobonhlobo eyayinezinyathelo zokusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, ukunganeliseki komzimba, ukudla izimpawu zesifo, imicabango mayelana nokusebenzisa i-anabolic steroids kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila. Cishe bonke abahlanganyeli (98.2%) babike ukuthi sebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ngokusetshenziswa kwamahora ama-5.33 ngenyanga.

Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Multivariate kwembulwe ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kwakunokunganeliseki okukhulu nge-muscularity, fat body kanye nokuphakama; izidakamizwa ezinkulu zokudla; imicabango eminingi ejwayelekile mayelana nokusebenzisa i-anabolic steroids; kanye nekhwalithi ephansi yokuphila.

I-Dual Control Model - Indima Yokuvimbela Ngokocansi & Ukuzijabulisa Ekuvusweni Ngokobulili Nokuziphatha (2007) - Ukufundwa ngabososayensi baseKinsey Institute bebika ukuxhuma phakathi kokutholakala kocansi kanye kokubili ukunciphisa isifiso nokusebenza kocansi. Ekuhloleni okusebenzisa i-porno yevidiyo, i-50% yamadoda amasha angama-gay ayikwazanga ukuvuswa noma afinyelele ukulungiswa nge i-porn ejwayelekile esetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa kwangaphambili (isilinganiso seminyaka yi-29). Abacwaningi abashaqisayo bathola ukuthi ukungasebenzi kwamadoda erectile kwaba,

"Ihlobene namazinga aphezulu okuvezwa nokuzwa ngezici zobulili ezicacile."

Amadoda abhekene nokusebenza kabi kwe-erectile ayesebenzise isikhathi esiningi emiphongolweni nasezindlini zokugeza lapho i-porn "yonke indawo, "Futhi"idlala ngokuqhubekayo. ” Abacwaningi bathi:

"Izingxoxo nezihloko zaqinisa umqondo wethu wokuthi kwezinye zazo ukuvezwa okuphezulu kwe-eerotica kubonakala sengathi kuye kwaholela ekuthwalweni okuphansi kwe "vanilla sex" i-eerotica kanye nesidingo esikhulayo sezinto ezintsha nezokushintshashintsha, kwezinye izimo zihlangene nesidingo sokucacisa kakhulu izinhlobo zezinyathelo zokuvusa ukuze zivuswe. "

Ukuqonda Ubuntu Nezinqubo Zokuziphatha Ukuchaza Ubungqingili Kwabesilisa Abalala Ngabantu (2016) - Ingcaphuno:

Ngaphezu kwalokho, asikho ukuhlangana phakathi kwezinga le-CSBI Control ne-BIS BAS. Lokhu kuzobonisa ukuthi ukungabi nokuziphatha kokuziphatha ngokocansi kuhlobene nokuzijabulisa okuqondene ngokocansi kanye nezinqubo ezingavimbeleki futhi hhayi ekusebenziseni okujwayelekile kokuziphatha kanye nezinqubo zokuvimbela. Lokhu kubonakala sengathi kusekela ukucabangela ukuxhumene kocansi njengokungasebenzi kahle ngokocansi njengoba kuhlongozwa nguKafka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akubonakali ukuthi ukucwasana ngokobulili kuwubonakaliso obuningi bokuzijabulisa ngokocansi, kodwa ukuthi kuhilela ukuzwakalisa okukhulu nokuntuleka kokulawula okungavimbela, okungenani ngokuvimbela ngenxa yemiphumela emibi ekulindelekile.

Ukuxhaswa ngokobulili nokubhekana nokungazibandakanyi Ukunquma ukuxilongwa kwe-Cybersex kwizinsikazi zobulili obubulili obufanayo (Laier et al., 2015) - Ucwaningo lwe-Neuropsychological lubike izimpawu nezimpawu zokulutha kumadoda angama-gay (izifiso / ukuzwela okukhulu) - Ingcaphuno:

 Inhloso yalolu cwaningo kwakuwukuhlola lokhu kuxoxisana ngesampula yamadoda angqingili. Imibuzo ihlolwe izimpawu ze-CA, ukuzwela ekuzijabuliseni ngokobulili, izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zisebenzisa isisusa, ukuziphatha okubi kocansi, izimpawu zengqondo, nokuziphatha kocansi empilweni yangempela kanye ne-intanethi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abahlanganyeli babheka ama-pornography futhi babonisa ukuvuka kwabo ngokocansi ngaphambi nangemva kwevidiyo. Imiphumela yabonisa ukuxhumana okuqinile phakathi kwezimpawu ze-AC [ukulutha umlutha] nezinkomba zokuvusa ngocansi nokuzijabulisa ngokocansi, ukubhekana nokuziphatha ngokobulili, nezimpawu zengqondo.

I-CA ibingahlotshaniswa nokuziphatha kocansi okungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi nesikhathi sokusebenzisa i-inthanethi masonto onke. Ukubhekana nokuziphatha kocansi kuxhumanise kancane ubudlelwano phakathi kokuthakazelisa ngokocansi ne-CA. Imiphumela ifana naleyo ebikwe kwabesilisa nabesifazane abesilisa nabesifazane ezifundweni ezedlule futhi kuxoxwa ngayo ngemuva kwesisekelo semibono ye-CA, egqamisa indima yokuqinisa okuhle nokungalungile ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kocansi lwe-inthanethi.

Ukucindezeleka, Ukuziphatha Ngokweqile Ngokwemvelo, kanye Nengozi Yezocansi-Ukuthatha Phakathi KwamaGay Young and Gay Men Men: I-P18 Cohort Study (2016) - Ingcaphuno:

Izitabane ezisencane, ezithanda abesilisa nabesifazane, namanye amadoda abenza ucansi nabesilisa (i-YMSM) maningi amathuba okuthi babhekane nokudangala futhi baziphathe kabi ngokocansi ngaphandle kwamakhondomu…. Sithole ukuhlangana okuhle phakathi kwe-CSB nokudangala naphakathi kwe-CSB nokuvama kwezenzo zocansi lwangasese olungenamakhondomu ezibikwe ezinsukwini ezingama-30 ezedlule. Imiphumela ye-Multivariate ithole ukuthi ukutholakala kokudangala kanye ne-CSB kube nomthelela ekuthathweni kwengozi yezocansi phakathi kwale YMSM yasemadolobheni.

Imidiya Ecacile Ngocansi kanye ne-Sexual Condomless Anal Sex Phakathi KwamaGay nabesilisa Abesilisa Abesilisa Nabesifazane (2017) - Ingcaphuno:

Abesilisa abesilisa nabesilisa abesilisa nabesilisa abesilisa nabesifazane (i-GBM) babike ukuthi babuka imidiya ebekela obala ezocansi (SEM) kunamadoda abesilisa abesilisa nabesifazane. Kunobunye ubufakazi bokuthi i-SEM eveza ucansi lwangasese olungenalutho ingaxhunyaniswa nokubandakanyeka ocansini lwangasese olungenayo ikhondomu (CAS) futhi ngaleyo ndlela ukudluliswa kwe-HIV / STI phakathi kwe-GBM… .. kube nokusebenzisana phakathi kwenani le-SEM elisetshenzisiwe namaphesenti we-SEM ongabuyile adliwe kuzo zombili imiphumela, ezifana tabashayeli bezinhlamvu ababika kokubili imvamisa ephezulu yokusetshenziswa kwe-SEM futhi amaphesenti aphezulu e-SEM abo ababalekayo babika amazinga aphakeme kakhulu okuziphatha kokungcupheni. Lezi zithole ziqokomisa indima ehlukumezekayo ekhonjiswe ku-SEM ingase idlale ngokujwayelekile kokuziphatha kocansi nge-GBM.

Ukuvezwa kwemidiya ecacile ngokocansi njengento ebalulekile yokugadla phakathi kwabantu abesilisa nabesifazane, abesilisa nabesifazane, nabanye abantu abalala namadoda (2018)- Ingcaphuno:

Njalo ukulibazisa kwe-1 ngonyaka eminyakeni yokuqala yokuhlonza kwe-SEM kuholele ekunciphiseni i-3% ezinkingeni zokubandakanyeka ngokocansi olungenalo ikhondomu njengesifebet. Le nhlangano yahlala iphawulekayo ku-3 amamodeli ahlukene ahlanganiswayo alawulwa iminyaka yobudala bezocansi, iminyaka yobudala bezocansi zangasese, neminyaka yamanje, ngokulandelana. Le nhlangano yayihlolwe ngobuhlanga njengokuthi umphumela wawunamandla phakathi kwamadoda aseLatinino.

Iziphetho: I-GBMSM evezwe ku-SEM ngaphambili empilweni yabo ibika ukuziphatha okuningi kocansi njengabantu abadala. Ukuvezwa kwe-SEM ku-GBMSM kuyisenzakalo esibalulekile sokuthuthukiswa kocansi okudingekayo ngokucwaninga okuqhubekayo.

Imithombo ye-intanethi ecacile ngokocansi kanye nengozi yocansi phakathi kwabantu abesilisa ocansini namadoda e-United States (2014) - Umbhalo ocacile:

Lolu cwaningo luhlose ukuchaza ukusetshenziswa kobulili obucacile ngokobulili (SEOM) phakathi kwamadoda alala nobulili namadoda (MSM) e-United States futhi ahlolisane nezinhlangano phakathi kokungena emzimbeni wengane engavikelekile (UAI) ku-SEOM nokubandakanya kokubili i-UAI ne-serodiscordant UAI.

Ezinyangeni ze-3 ngaphambi kokuxoxisana, abangaphezu kwesigamu (57%) kula madoda babika ukubuka i-SEOM eyodwa noma ngaphezulu izikhathi ngosuku futhi cishe isigamu (45%) babike ukuthi okungenani isigamu se-SEOM babuboniswe i-UAI. Uma kuqhathaniswa nabahlanganyeli ababike ukuthi i-0-24% ye-SEOM ayibonile ibonise i-UAI, ababambiqhaza ababike ukuthi i-25-49, i-50-74, noma i-75-100% ye-SEOM abayibonile ekhonjisiwe i-UAI yayilokhu ikhula kancane kancane ukungena ku-UAI kanye ne-UAI ye-serodiscordant ezinyangeni ezidlule ze-3. Njengoba i-SEOM isanda kakhulu futhi ifinyeleleka, ucwaningo kufanele luhlolisise ubudlelwane be-causal phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwe-SEOM nokuthatha ingozi ngokocansi phakathi kwe-MSM kanye nezindlela zokusebenzisa i-SEOM yokuvimbela i-HIV.

Ubuhlobo phakathi kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezisetshenziswayo kanye nokuziphatha kocansi phakathi kwabantu abasengozini ye-HIV abangenalo ubulili namadoda (2010) - Ingcaphuno:

Ezenye: Isikhathi esichithwe ukubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kwakuhlotshaniswa kakhulu nokuba nabalingani bezocansi abaningi besilisa kanye nezenzo zocansi zokufaka ezocansi ezingavikelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa okwandisiwe nokwehla kokubona ubungozi bokutheleleka nge-HIV kwatholakala ukuthi kuhlotshaniswa kakhulu nesikhathi esichithwe kakhulu kubukwa izithombe zobulili ezingcoliley.

Iziphetho: Lolu cwaningo lokuhlola luyiveli ngoba lukhanyisa ubudlelwane obuphakathi kokubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nezingozi zobulili ezithatha isandulela ngculazi. Ucwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo kule ndawo kufanele lugxile ekuqondeni ukuthi okuqukethwe kwezithombe zocansi; ikakhulukazi, ukubukwa kwezenzo zobulili ezingavimbelwe futhi ezivikelwe, kungathinta ukuziphatha kokuziphatha ngokocansi.

Ukubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezibonisa ukulala komzimba okungakavikelekile: zikhona yini izinkinga zokuvimbela igciwane lesandulela ngculaza kubantu abesilisa nabesifazane? (I-2012)- Ingcaphuno:

Ukulawulwa kwe-polytomous logistic yezihloko ze-751 ezinikeze idatha ekubukeni izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kubonise kakhulu ukulinganisa izilinganiso zokuba uhlanganyele ku-UAI eyamukelekayo, i-UAI efaka i-UAI, futhi kokubili i-UAI eyamukelekayo nefaka i-UAI ehambisana nokwanda kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kubheka lokho okuboniswa i-UAI. Sithole nezinhlangano ezizimele zokubandakanya i-UAI ngobudala, ukusetshenziswa kwe-nitrites engapheli, nesimo se-HIV. Nakuba idatha ayikwazi ukusungula isimo, ukutholakala kwethu kubonisa ukuthi ukubukela izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezibonisa i-UAI nokuhlanganyela ku-UAI zihambisana. Ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka ukuze kutholakale ukuthi lokhu kuhloswe kungasiza yini ekuvimbeleni i-HIV.

Ukuhlola ubuhlobo phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwezindaba zobulili ezicacile kanye nokuziphatha kocansi kwesampula samadoda alala namadoda eNorway (2015) - Umbhalo ocacile:

Inhloso yalolu cwaningo kwakuwukuphenya amaphethini wokusetshenziswa kwezindaba eziphathelene nokuziphatha ngokocansi (oriented media) okucacile ngokobulili (SEM) phakathi kwamadoda alala nobulili namadoda (MSM) eNorway, ngokugxila ikakhulukazi ebuhlotsheni obukhona phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwe-SEM gay kanye nokuziphatha kwe-HIV.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-SEM kutholakale ukuthi kuhlotshaniswa kakhulu nokuziphatha kocansi. Ukubamba iqhaza kokusetshenziswa kwe-bareback SEM kwandise izinga eliphezulu le-UAI kanye ne-I-UAI ngemuva kokulungiswa kwezinye izici ezisebenzisa izibalo eziningi. I-MSM eyaqala ukusebenzisa i-SEM esikhathini esilandelayo yabika izingqinamba ezincane ze-UAI ne-I-UAI kune-MSM owaqala ekuqaleni. Ucwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo lufanele luhlose ukuqonda ukuthi i-MSM ithuthukisa kanjani futhi ilondoloze izintandokazi ze-SEM kanye nobuhlobo phakathi kwezinto zokuthuthukisa nezokugcina kanye nokuziphatha kocansi nge-HIV.

Ukujwayelekile, Ukukhathazeka Nokucindezela Ukusetshenziswa KweMidiya Ezocansi: Ukutholakala Kwemitholampilo esebenzisa Ukusetshenziswa Kokuqhathaniswa Kokuzilibazisa Kwe-Complex (CPC) phakathi Kwabesilisa Abanobulili Namadoda (2015) - Ingcaphuno:

Ngenkathi iningi (76-80%) i-MSM ingabika izimpawu zokucindezela, mayelana nama-16-20% amazinga okubika okusetshenziswa kwe-SEM enenkinga, kufaka phakathi i-7% ngezibalo ezidlulele ezihambisana nezimo ze-DSM zezinkinga zokucindezela. Ukuhlukahluka kobulili, ukuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili, kanye ne-HIV kwabonakala phakathi kwamaqembu amathathu. Abacwaningi nabahlengikazi bakhuthazwa ukuba bacabange ukusebenzisa isixazululo se-CPC sokuhlola okuphelele kokuziphatha kocansi okuphoqelelwe.

Iya emaphepheni we-Alliance angasebenzi kakhulu:

Izifundo ze-Alliance:

Downing, MJ, Schrimshaw, EW, Scheinmann, R., Antebi-Gruszka, N., & Hirshfield, S. (2017). Ukusetshenziswa kwemidiya ngokucacile ngokobulili ngokobulili: Ukuhlaziywa okuqhathaniswa kwabantu besilisa abashadile, abesilisa nabesilisa nabesilisa nabesifazane abesilisa nabesifazane. I-Archives yokuziphatha ngokobulili, i-46 (6), i-1763-1776. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Isifinyezo se-Alliance sibonakala sinengqondo: Bobabili abesilisa abesilisa nabesilisa nabesifazane abesilisa nabesifazane bobulili babika ukusetshenziswa okuvame kakhulu kwe-Internet SEM uma kuqhathaniswa namadoda angqingili. I-20.7% yabesilisa abathandanayo bobulili obuhlukile babika ukuthi babheka ukuziphatha komuntu oyedwa ngokobulili futhi i-55.0% yamadoda ahlonishwe yi-gay abike ukubukwa kwamafilimu angqingili.

UMeiller, C., namaHargons, i-CN (2019). "Kuyinjabulo Nokukhululeka Nokukhululwa": Ukuhlola Ukushaya Indlwabu Phakathi Kwabesifazane Abesilisa Abesilisa Abesilisa Abesilisa Abesilisa Abesilisa Abesilisa Nabesifazane kanye neQueer Ijenali Yokweluleka Ngezocansi kanye Nenhlalakahle Yezocansi: Ucwaningo, Ukuzijwayeza Nemfundo, 1 (1), 3. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Ukucaphuna ukwehla kwamandla emali njengoba isifundo singazange sihlolisise imiphumela yokusetshenziswa kocansi: kwakuyisifundo esifanele mayelana nokushaya indlwabu kwabesifazane. Ekhuluma ngokukhethwa kwamakherry, izingcaphuno ezimbalwa ezingabelwanga yiRealYBOP:

Ukuba nemizwa ehlangene mayelana nezocansi. Ababambiqhaza babonakala ngezindlela ezimbi zobulili ezingcolile ziye zaphatha ubunikazi babo, ikakhulukazi njengabesifazane besifazane nabesifazane besifazane. Ababambe iqhaza bahlukunyezwa nendlela yokuzijabulisa nokuzizwa bekhululekile ekusetshenzisweni kwabo kocansi ngesikhathi sokushaya indlwabu, ngenkathi beqonda impikiswano emikhulu yomphakathi yemilayezo engaphakathi kwezocansi. Joan
okwabiwe:

Ngicabanga ukuthi kukhona inhlamba enkulu yabesifazane, abesifazane abancinci kakhulu ukubheka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, uyazi? Kuyadelela abesifazane, kwenziwa kuphela amadoda, ikakhulukazi uma ungowesifazane wesifazane, uzwa lokho okuningi

U-Joan waqhubeka achaza ukuthi uqale kanjani ukuzinikeza imvume yokubuka i-porn futhi ahambisane neminye yemilayezo. U-Gloria wazizwa enecala lokubuka izithombe ezingcolile ngoba "izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zikwazisa ngempela imibono yabantu eqondile mayelana nobulili gay nabesilisa ocansini, futhi ngizizwa nginecala ngokuyibuka futhi ngithole o? kuyo. "Imizwa engqubuzanayo mayelana ne-pornzo izoholela ekuzizwa ngecala noma ekunciphiseni injabulo ngesikhathi sokushaya indlwabu kwabesifazane abaxoxwa nabo.

UTræen, B., uNilsen, TSR, noStigum, H. (2006). Ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile emidlalweni yendabuko nase-Inthanethi eNorway. I-Journal Research Research, 43 (3), i-245-254. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Ukunciphisa okuningi kwe-inflation njengoba ucwaningo aluzange luhlole imiphumela yokusetshenziswa kocansi. Qaphela, lolu cwaningo lwenziwe ku-2002.

Billard, TJ (2019). (Cha) Inhlanhla emdlalweni: Impembezo yezithombe zobulili ezingcolile Ukubuka isimo sengqondo kubantu abathintekayo. Imibiko Yokucwaninga Yezokuxhumana, i-36 (1), i-45-56. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Ucwaningo luhlolisise ababukeli bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile (i-reddit umphakathi ozinikele ekubukeni izithombe ezingcolile ze-transgender). Akazange ihlole imiphumela yokusetshenziswa kocansi. Okutholakele:

Kulolu cwaningo, sithole izibalo eziphawulekayo kodwa ezinobungozi obukhulu phakathi kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nesimo sengqondo ngabantu abangeziphambeko, ngenkathi sithola ubudlelwane obaluleke kakhulu futhi obukhulu phakathi kwamahloni mayelana nokukhangisa ngokocansi nabantu abanesimo sengqondo.

Yize kungenakucatshangelwa, lezi ziphumo zinikeza ubufakazi bokuthi phakathi kwababukeli bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile ngokobulili kuyithonya elibalulekile ekuthandweni kwabesifazane abahlukumezekile.

Ukubaluleka kwalokhu kutholakala ngenhla akusobala. Ngokuqondene 'nehlazo' izifundo ezimbili zamuva zaqamba iphuzu lokukhuluma eliphindaphindiwe eliphindaphindiwe eliholela ekuluthweni kocansi:

Njengamanye ama-Alliance izifundo, lokhu nakho kwaqaphela ukuhlola imiphumela ye-porn kumsebenzisi.

UMcCormack, M., noWignall, L. (2017).Injabulo, ukuhlola kanye nemfundo: Ukuqonda ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile phakathi kwabesilisa abasha abanezimiso ezingavamile zocansi. I-Sociology, i-51 (5), i-975-991. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Ukucaphuna okuningi kwemali njengoba isifundo asihlolisanga imiphumela yokusetshenziswa kocansi .Izihloko ze-35 kuphela. Izingxoxo, hhayi ezilinganiselwe. Abstract bathi "izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zinezinzuzo zemfundo zalezi zinsizwa." Akumangalisi, njengoba insizwa iningi lithola imfundo yezocansi ezithombeni ezingcolile. Echaza ilungu le-Deniers Alliance ilungu le-Alan Mckee, abalobi bayavuma ukuthi abathandeki ekuhloleni imiphumela emibi yokusetshenziswa kocansi:

Ukuze uhambise ngaphesheya kwe-paradigm imiphumela emibi, McKee (2012) kubizwa ukuthi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zithathwe njengendlela yokuzijabulisa. Uphikisana nalokhu ukuthi kuzosungula uhlelo oluhlukile lokucwaninga kunolunye olugxile emiphumeleni engalungile.

Esikhundleni sokugxila ekulimazeni okungcolile kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile, sisebenzisa indlela yokuhlaziywa yokuhlola ukuhlola okubanzi okuhlangenwe nakho abahlanganyeli abanakho, kusukela ngesikhathi abaqala ukudla izithombe ezingcolile.

Ukuthatha - iningi lezinsizwa lithanda i-porn.

UDöring, N. (2000). Ukubukwa kwabantu besifazane ngocansi lwe-inthanethi: Ukuhlukunyezwa, inkululeko, nokunikezwa amandla. ICyberPsychology nokuziphatha, 3 (5), 863-884. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Ukwanda kokukhonjwa kwamandla emali njengoba kungahlangene netihloko zalesi sigaba noma imiphumela ye-porn kumbukeli. Akuyona nje into engahleliwe, ucezu lombono oneminyaka engama-20, othi:

"I-cybersex ikhulula abesifazane ukuba bahlole ngokuvikeleka kwabo ngokobulili nokujabulela ubulili obuningi, ubulili obuhle, nobulili obuhlukile"

Okokuqala, ezinye izicucu eziningi zombono ziphikisana nalokhu okutholayo (ukukhishwa kwezazi ze-Google ezithombeni zobulili ezingcolile + kubuya besifazane Izibalo ze-57,000). Okwesibili, ukuqhubekela phambili kokucwaninga kuhlobanisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-porn ukuze "isimo sengqondo esingafani" kubesifazane kanye nokubukwa kobulili.

Isigaba sokubekezela

Okuqukethwe / Eqinisweni: Ukubekezela noma ukujwayela kuyisidingo sokwelashwa okuphezulu kwesidakamizwa noma ukuvuselela okukhulu emzamweni wokufeza umphumela oyifunayo. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukuxoshwa noma ukujwayela (impendulo engaphansi nangaphansi kwesidakamizwa noma isisusa). Ngabasebenzisi be-porn, ukubekezelelana / ukujwayela kuholela ekukhunjweni ngezinhlobo zamanje noma uhlobo lwe-porn. Ukukhushulwa okukhulu kutholakala ngokukhuphukela ezinhlobonhlobo ezintsha ze-porn.

Ukubekezela kungaba isibonakaliso senqubo yokulutha umlutha noma ukumane ukuthembela ngokomzimba ngaphandle kokulutha. Ukudumisa, i-Ley namanye ama-Deniers akubonakali ukuqonda umehluko. Isibonelo, izigidi zabantu zithatha amazinga aphezulu wezokwelapha ezifana ne-opioids yokuhlunguphazeka okungapheli, noma i-prednisone yezimo ezizenzakalelayo. Ubuchopho babo nezicubu zabo zithembele kuzo, futhi ukuphela kokusetshenziswa kokusebenza kungabangela izimpawu zokuqeda kakhulu. Noma kunjalo akuzona ngempela umlutha. Ukubheja kwezidakamizwa kuhilela izinguquko eziningi zobuchopho ezizimele kahle eziholela kulokho ochwepheshe ababiza ngokuthi "izidakamizwa zezilingo." Uma ukuhlukana kungacacile, ngincoma lokhu incazelo elula ka-NIDA.

Isigaba se-Alliance's Tolerance kungenzeka senziwe njengemoto yabakwaDeniers ukusho ukuthi ukulutha kabi kocansi akusekho ngoba ukubekezelelana kusazokhonjiswa (okungamanga). Amalungu amaningana e-Alliance (uPrause, uJanssen, uGeorgiadis, uFinn, uKlein noKohut) bazamile lelisu elinamaphutha ezihlokweni ezimbili ezedlule i-YBOP eyichithile:

I-Deniers ayiphutha kokubili okubalwayo:

  1. Okokuqala, ukubekezela akudingekile ukuhlolisisa ukulutha umlutha. Wena uzothola lolu limi "akukho ukubekezelelana noma ukuhoxiswa kuyadingeka noma kwanele ukuxilongwa ..."Kokubili i-DSM-IV-TR ne-DSM-5 lapho bekhuluma khona nokulutha.
  2. Lokho kusho, kokubili ucwaningo lwe-internet lwe-porn futhi imibiko eminingi khombisa ukuthi abasebenzisi abathile be-porn babhekana nakho ukuhoxiswa futhi / noma ukubekezelelana. Ukusebenzisa izindlela nezinqubo ezehlukene, iqembu lezinhlobonhlobo ezilandelayo libika ukujwayela "i-porno ejwayelekile" kanye nokwenyuka kube izinhlobo ezidumile nakakhulu. Abambalwa futhi babika izimpawu zokuhoxiswa: Izifundo ezingaphezu kwe-40 ezibika okutholakele zihambisana nokukhula kokusetshenziswa kocansi (ukubekezela), ukujwayela izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, ngisho nezimpawu zokuhoxiswa

Kubasebenzisi be-porn abasebenzisa i-intanethi, ukubekezelelana okuholela ekukhuphukeni kuye kwabikwa kokubili emitholampilo nangokomthetho isikhathi esithile manje. UNorman Doidge MD wabhala ngalokhu ku-2007 bestseller yakhe Ubuchopho Obushintshayo:

Ubhadane lwamanje lwe-porn lunikeza ukubonisa okusobala ukuthi ukuthanda izinto zocansi kungatholakala. Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, ezilethwa ukuxhumeka kwe-inthanethi okushesha kakhulu, ziyanelisa zonke izidingo zokuguqulwa kwe-neuroplastic…. Lapho abathwebuli bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile beziqhayisa ngokuthi bacindezela imvilophu ngokwethula izingqikithi ezintsha, ezinzima, abangakusho ukuthi kufanele, ngoba amakhasimende abo akha ukubekezelela okuqukethwe. Amakhasi angemuva omagazini abayingozi abesilisa kanye nezingosi ze-Internet ze-Internet zigcwele izikhangiso zemithi yohlobo lwe-Viagra — umuthi owenzelwe amadoda amadala anezinkinga ze-erectile ezihlobene nokuguga nemithambo yegazi evinjiwe epenis.

Namuhla izinsizwa ezishaya izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zikwesaba kakhulu ukungabi namandla, noma "ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile" njengoba kubizwa ngendlela ehloniphekile. Igama elidukisayo lisho ukuthi la madoda anenkinga ezithweni zabo zobulili, kepha inkinga isemakhanda abo, emabalazweni abo obuchopho bobulili. Umthondo usebenza kahle uma besebenzisa izithombe zocansi. Kuyaqabukela kwenzeka kubo ukuthi kungahle kube nobudlelwano phakathi kwezithombe zocansi abazisebenzisayo namandla abo.

In 2012 i-reddit / i-nofap okhiqizwa a ukuhlolwa kwelungu, okuthole ukuthi ngaphezu kwe-60% yamathandabuzo aloo malungu wezocansi abhekana nokukhula okuphawulekayo, ngokusebenzisa izinhlobo eziningi ze-porn.

Q: Ingabe ukuthanda kwakho ku-pornography kwashintsha?

  • Ukuthanda kwami ​​akuzange kushintshe kakhulu - 29%
  • Ukuthandwa kwami ​​kwanda kakhulu noma kwahluleka futhi lokhu kwangenza ngazizwa nginamahloni noma ngicindezelekile - 36%
  • Ukuthandana kwami ​​kwanda kakhulu nakakhulu noma kwahluleka futhi lokhu kwenzeka hhayi ngenza ngizizwe nginamahloni noma ngicindezelwe - 27%

Futhi nangu i-2017 ubufakazi obuvela ku-PornHub ukuthi ubulili bangempela buyathandeka kakhulu kubasebenzisi be-porn. I-Porn ayikuvumeli abantu ukuthi bathole ukuthanda kwabo "kwangempela"; kubashayela ngaphesheya evamile ukuba bangene ezinhlobonhlobo ukuze babheke izinhlobo ezintsha ezinengqondo futhi "ezingekho"

Kubonakala sengathi ukuthambekela kuhamba kakhulu ekubhekaneni nenganekwane kuneqiniso. Izithombe ezingcolile zobulili 'ezijwayelekile' zithathelwa indawo yiziqephu ezithile zezinganekwane noma zesimo esithile. Ingabe lokhu kubangelwa isithukuthezi noma ilukuluku? Yinye into eqinisekile; 'ukuphuma, ukuphuma' okujwayelekile akusenelisi izixuku, okusobala ukuthi zifuna okuhlukile ”kuphawula uDkt Laurie Betito.

Ngezansi sinikeza izibonelo ezimbalwa zokukhula futhi ukujwayela / ukubekezelelana kwababukeli bezingcolile kusuka kuloluhlu lwezifundo ezingaphezu kwe-40:

Siqala ngobukhulu (n = 6463) nocwaningo lwamuva kakhulu: Ukuqhathaniswa, Amaphethini kanye Nemiphumela Yokuziqhenya Yezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Ukusetshenziswa Kwabafundi BePolish University (2019). Ucwaningo lubike konke okushiwo isimangalo sikaDenier: ukubekezelelana / ukujwayela, ukwanda kokusetshenziswa, okudinga izinhlobo ezeqisayo zokuvuswa ngocansi, izimpawu zokuhoxa lapho uyeka, izinkinga zocansi ezibangelwa ezocansi, ukuluthwa yizocansi, nokuningi. Izingcaphuno ezimbalwa ezihlobene nokubekezelelana / ukujwayela / ukukhuphuka:

Imiphumela emibi kakhulu ebonakalayo engalungile yokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuhlanganisiwe: isidingo sokuvuselela isikhathi eside (12.0%) nokunye okuningi kocansi (17.6%) ukufinyelela i-orgasm, nokunciphisa ukwaneliseka ngocansi (24.5%) ...

Ucwaningo lwamanje lubonisa ukuthi ukuvezwa kwangaphambilini kungase kuhlotshaniswe nokungahlehlisi okungahle kwenzeke ekuthandweni kobulili njengoba kuboniswe isidingo sokuvuselela isikhathi eside kanye nesimo esiningi socansi esidingekayo ukuze sifinyelele i-orgasm uma sidla izinto ezicacile, futhi konke kunciphisa ukwaneliseka ngokobulili ....

Ukushintsha okuhlukahlukene kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile okusetshenziswa okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokudonswa kwabikwa: ukushintshela kunhlobo yombhalo wezinto ezicacile (i-46.0%), ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezingavumelani nokuya ocansini (60.9%) futhi zidinga ukusebenzisa ngaphezulu impahla eyedlulele (enobudlova) (32.0%). The ukugcina kwakubikwa kaningi ngabafazi ukuzibheka njengabafuna ukwazi uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo abazibheka njengento engacabangi

isifundo samanje sathola ukuthi isidingo sokusebenzisa izinto ezingcolile ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile kwakuvame ukubikwa abesilisa abazichaza ngokuthi banonya.

Izimpawu ezengeziwe zokubekezelelana / ukukhula: ukudingwa amathebhu amaningi avulekile futhi asebenzisa i-porn ngaphandle kwekhaya:

Iningi labafundi livunyelwe ukusebenzisa imodi yangasese (76.5%, n = 3256) namawindi amaningi (51.5%, n = 2190) uma upheqa izithombe ezingcolile zobulili. Ukusetshenziswa kwezingubo ezingekho ngaphansi kocansi okubikwa yi-33.0% (n = 1404).

Ukuqala kwesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kokuqala okuhlobene nezinkinga ezinkulu nokulutha (lokhu kusho ngokuqondile ukubekezela-ukujwayela-ukukhula):

Ukukhula kokuqala kokuqukethwe okucacile kuhlotshaniswa nokukhula okungenzeka kwemiphumela emibi yezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kubantu abasha-izinkinga eziphezulu kakhulu zitholwa abesifazane nabesilisa abavezwe eminyakeni engu-12 noma ngezansi. Nakuba ukutadisha kwesigaba esingavumelani akuvumeli ukuhlolwa kwe-causation, lokhu okutholayo kungabonisa ukuthi ukuhlangana kwengane nokuqukethwe kocansi kungaba nemiphumela yesikhathi eside ....

Izinga lomlutha laliphakeme kakhulu, nakuba "lizibonele":

Ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke nokulutha komzimba okubikwayo kwabikwa yi-10.7% no-15.5%, ngokulandelana.

Ucwaningo lubike izimpawu zokuhoxiswa, ngisho nakungewona umlutha (uphawu olucacile lokushintsha kobuchopho obuhlobene nokulutha):

Phakathi kwalabo okwaxoxwa nabo abathi bangabathengi bamanje bezithombe zocansi (n = 4260), u-51.0% uvumile ukuthi wenze okungenani umzamo owodwa wokuyeka ukuwusebenzisa ngaphandle kokwehluka ebangeni lemizamo phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane (p> 0.05 ;? 2 isivivinyo). U-72.2% walabo abazama ukuyeka ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile bakhombise okwenzekile kokungenani okukodwa okuhlobene nakho, futhi okuqapheleka kakhulu kufaka amaphupho ezocansi (53.5%), ukucasuka (26.4%), ukuphazamiseka kokubheka (26.0%), kanye nomuzwa isizungu (22.2%) (Ithebula 2).

Abaningi abahlanganyeli bakholelwa ukuthi i-porn iyinkinga yempilo yomphakathi:

Esifundweni samanje, abafundi abacwaningiwe bavame ukubonisa ukuthi ukubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kungase kube nomphumela omubi ebuhlotsheni bezenhlalakahle, empilweni yengqondo, ukusebenza kocansi, futhi kungathinta ukuthuthukiswa kwengqondo ebuntwaneni nasebusheni. Naphezu kwalokhu, iningi labo alizange lisekele noma yisiphi isidingo semikhawulo yokuthola izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ....

Ukubheka isimangalo ukuthi izimo ezandulele ziyiqiniso, hhayi ukusetshenziswa kocansi, isifundo sathola ukuthi izici zobuntu azihlobene nemiphumela:

Ngaphandle kwalokho, akekho ubuciko buntu, obuzibikezela kulolu cwaningo, lwahlukanisa imingcele yezocansi zobulili. Lezi zitholakele zisekela umbono wokuthi ukufinyeleleka nokuvezwa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile okwamanje kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ukuze ucacise noma yiziphi izimpawu ezithile zengqondo zabasebenzisi bayo. Kodwa-ke, kwakubhekwa okuthakazelisayo mayelana nabathengi ababike isidingo sokubheka okuqukethwe okungcolile kocansi. Njengoba kubonisiwe, Ukusetshenziswa kaningi kwezinto ezicacile kungase kuhlotshaniswe nokuhlehliswa kwezinsolo okuholela esidingo sokubuka okuqukethwe okuningi okwedlulele ukuthola i-arousa efana nocansil.

Nasi esinye sezifundo zokuqala ukubuza abasebenzisi be-porn ngqo mayelana nokukhula: Imisebenzi yezocansi e-intanethi: Ucwaningo lokuhlolisisa lwemikhakha yokusetshenziswa enenkinga futhi engekho inkinga kwisampula yamadoda (2016). Ukucwaninga kubika ukukhula, njengoba i-49% yamadoda ibikile ukubukela izithombe ezingcolile ezingakaze zithandeke kubo ngaphambili noma ukuthi zike zibheke njengezinengiso. Ingcaphuno:

Amaphesenti angamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye nesishiyagalolunye okukhulunywa ngawo okungenani ngezinye izikhathi afune okuqukethwe kocansi noma abandakanyeke kuma-OSA ababengazange bawajabulise ngaphambilini noma ukuthi babecabanga njengezinengiso.

Imodeli Yokulawulwa Okubili: Indima Yokuvimbela Ngokocansi Nokuthokozisa Ekuvusweni Kwezocansi Nokuziphatha, 2007. I-Indiana University Press, Umhleli: Erick Janssen, iphe.197-222.  Ekuhloleni okusebenzisa i-video ye-porn (yehlobo esetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa kwangaphambilini), i-50% yamadoda amasha ayikwazanga ukuvuswa noma afinyelele ukuvinjelwa nge-porn (iminyaka yobudala yayingu-29). Abacwaningi abashaqisayo bathola ukuthi ukungasebenzi kwamadoda erectile kwaba,

ehlobene namazinga aphezulu okuvezwa nokuzwa ngezici zobulili ezicacile.

Amadoda abhekene nokusebenza kabi kwe-erectile ayechitha isikhathi esiningi emiphongolweni nasezindlini zokugezela lapho i-porn "yayikhona khona," futhi "idlala ngokuqhubekayo." Abacwaningi bathi:

Izingxoxo nezihloko zaqinisa umqondo wethu wokuthi kwezinye zazo ukuvezwa okuphezulu kwe-eerotica kubonakala sengathi kuye kwaholela ekuthwalweni okuphansi kwe "vanilla sex" i-eerotica kanye nesidingo esikhulayo sezinto ezintsha nezokushintshashintsha, kwezinye izimo zihlangene nesidingo sokucacisa kakhulu izinhlobo zezinyathelo zokuvusa ukuze zivuswe.

Ucwaningo lwamuva lubhekene ngqo nombuzo wokubekezela: Izinhlobonhlobo zokungafisi kanye nezici ezihlobene zihlukanisa phakathi kokuzithokozisa nokusetshenziswa okungavunyelwe kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi (i-2019) - Ingcaphuno:

Umphumela owengeziwe othakazelisayo wukuthi ubungakanani bomphumela wokuhlolwa kwe-post-hoc ngamaminithi ngomzuzu ngamunye, uma kuqhathaniswa nabasebenzisi [abanobucayi] abangabonisi abasebenzisa ukuzithokozisa-njalo, bephakeme [kubasebenzisi abinkinga] ngokuqhathanisa nemvamisa ngesonto. Lokhu kungabonisa ukuthi abantu abane-IP engahambisani nomthetho [i-internet porn] basebenzisa ikakhulukazi kunzima ukuyeka ukubuka i-IP phakathi neseshini noma badinga isikhathi esiningi ukufezekisa umvuzo oyifunayo, ongase ufaniswe nesimo sokubekezelelana kwezidakamizwa zokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa.

Kuthiwani ngesifundo se-longitudinal? Ukuvezwa ezintweni eziphathelene nobulili ezitholakala ku-intanethi ekukhuleni nasekunciphiseni okuqukethwe kocansi (2018)- Abstract:

Ucwaningo lwamanje luhlose ukuhlolisisa izinto ezicacile ngokobulili kwi-intanethi kanye nomthelela omubi wokuba nombono wokuqukethwe kwezocansi kuyi-intanethi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Umklamo wokutadisha wawuyisikhathi eside; idatha iqoqwe kumaza e-3 ezinyangeni zezinyanga ezingu-6 eziqala ku-2012. Isampula kufaka abaphendula abangu-1134 (amantombazane, i-58.8%; iminyaka yobudala, iminyaka engu-13.84 ± 1.94) evela ezikoleni ze-55.

Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi abaphendulile bashintshe umbono wabo ngezinto ezicacile ngokobulili kwi-intanethi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuye ngokuthi ubudala, imvamisa yokuchayeka nokuthi ngabe ukuvezwa kwakungenhloso. Baqala ukungenwa yizinkinga ngenxa yokungabi nandaba nokuqukethwe ngokocansi. Imiphumela ingase ikhombise ukujwayelekile kwempahla ecacile ngokobulili kuyi-Internet ngesikhathi sokukhula.

Esinye isifundo se-adolecnt: Umphumela wokuveza izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ku-Junior High School Teenagers yasePontianak ku-2008 (2009) - Izithombe zocansi zaseMalaysia zisebenzisa ukutadisha kwabafundi abasezingeni eliphakeme. Kuyingqayizivele ngoba lesi yisifundo kuphela sokubika ukukhuphuka kwezinto ezibi kakhulu, ukungafuneki (ukubekezelelana), nokulutha kocansi kubantu abasha. (Yisona kuphela isifundo sokubuza intsha le mibuzo.) Izingcaphuno:

Ingqikithi ye-83.3% yabantwana abasesikoleni esiphakeme esikoleni esiphakeme ePontianak City baye bavelela ezithombeni ezingcolile, futhi kusukela ekuvezeni abaningi njengoba i-79.5% yabhekana nemiphumela yokungena ezithombeni ezingcolile. Intsha ehlangabezana nemiphumela yokungena ezithombeni zobulili ezingcolile njengoba nje i-19.8% isesiteji sokulutha, [phakathi kwalabo abashadile] i-69.2% isesiteji sokukhula, [phakathi kwalabo abaye bathuthuka] i-61.1% isesiteji sokususa izinkinga, futhi [ phakathi kwabo ngubani owabika ukusola] I-31.8% yayisesiteji sokusebenza.

Kuthiwani ngesifundo sokuskena kobuchopho? BImvula Isakhiwo Nokuxhumana Okusebenzayo Okuhlangene Nezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Ukusetshenziswa: I-Brain on Porn (UKühn noGallinat, 2014). Lolu cwaningo lwe-Max Planck Institute fMRI luthole into encane engwevu ohlelweni lomvuzo (i-dorsal striatum) ehambisana nenani le-porn elidliwe. Iphinde yathola ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kocansi okuningi kuhambisana nokusebenza okuncane kokuvuselelwa kwesifunda ngenkathi kubukwa kafushane izithombe zocansi. Abaphenyi bacabanga ukuthi okutholakele kwabo kukhombisa ukungafuneki, futhi mhlawumbe nokubekezelelana, okuyisidingo sokukhuthaza okukhulu ukufeza ileveli efanayo yokuvuka. Umbhali oholayo USimone Kühn uthe okulandelayo mayelana nesifundo sakhe:

Lokhu kungasho ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okuvamile kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kudonsa uhlelo lokuvuza. ... Ngakho-ke, sithatha ukuthi izifundo ezinokusetshenziswa kwezithombe ezingcolile zobulili zidinga ukuqina okunamandla ukuze kufinyelele izinga elifanayo lomvuzo .... Lokhu kuvumelana nokuthola okuhlangenwe nakho kokusebenza kwe-striatum kwezinye izindawo zobuchopho: ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kutholakala ukuthi kuhlotshaniswa nokuxhumana okunciphise phakathi kwendawo yokuvuza kanye ne-prefrontal cortex.

Esinye isifundo sokukhishwa ngobuchopho Intsha, isimo sokubheka kanye nokukhathalela ukunakekelwa kocansi (I-2015). Ucwaningo lwe-fMRI lwe-Cambridge University luchaza ukujwayela okukhulu kwesimo socansi kubasebenzisi abenza ucansi. Ingcaphuno:

Ama-stimuli ecacile e-inthanethi amaningi futhi akhula, futhi lesi sici singase sikhuthaze ukukhula kwesisetshenziswa kwabanye abantu. Isibonelo, abesilisa abaphilile ababuka kaninginingi ifilimu efanayo ecacile betholakale bejwayela isikhuthazo futhi bathole ukugqugquzelwa okucacile njengokuvusa kancane kancane ucansi, ukunganaki kangako nokunciphisa kancane (IKoukounas ne-Over, 2000). … Sikhombisa ngokuhlola lokho okubonwa emtholampilo ukuthi i-Compulsive Sexual Behavior ibonakala ngokufuna izinto ezintsha, ukwenza isimo kanye nokujwayela izifiso zocansi kwabesilisa.

Kusukela ku-press release ehlobene:

Lo mphumela wokujwayela ofanayo uvela emadodeni enempilo aboniswa ngokuphindaphindiwe ividiyo efanayo ye-porn. Kodwa uma bebuka ividiyo entsha, izinga lesithakazelo nokuvusa libuyela ezingeni langempela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi, ukuvimbela ukujwayela, umlutha wezocansi uzodinga ukufundwa njalo kwezithombe ezintsha. Ngamanye amazwi, ukujwayela kungase kuqhubekele ukucinga izithombe zeveli.

"Izinto esizifunayo zisebenza ngokukhethekile kumongo wezithombe ezingcolile zobulili," kusho uDkt. Voon. "Akucaci ukuthi yini ebangela ukulutha kocansi kwasekuqaleni futhi kungenzeka ukuthi abanye abantu bathambekele ekuluthekeni kakhulu kunabanye, kepha ukunikezwa okubukeka kungapheli kwezithombe zobulili ezintsha ezitholakala ku-inthanethi kusiza ukondla ukulutha kwazo, kukwenze kube ngokwengeziwe kunzima ukubaleka."

Kuthiwani ngesifundo se-EEG sikaNicole Prause, esizibonela empeleni? Ukuguqulwa kwezimpawu zokuziqhathanisa okuphephile okuphelelwe yisikhathi yizithombe zocansi ezitholakala kubasebenzisi bezinkinga kanye nokulawulwa okungavumelani ne " (Prause et al., 2015). Uma kuqhathaniswa nezilawuli "abantu ababhekana nezinkinga ezilawula ukubukwa kwabo kocansi" babe nezimpendulo eziphansi ezithinta ubuchopho ekuvezeni okwesibili kwezithombe ze-porno ye-vanilla. I umlobi ohola uthi lezi zinkinga "debunk umlutha wezocansi." Ngokwemvelo, yimuphi usosayensi onokwethenjelwa angasho ukuthi isifundo sabo esisodwa esisodwa senze insimu yokutadisha kahle?

Eqinisweni, okutholakele Prause et al. I-2015 ihambisane ngokuphelele I-Kühn & Gallinat (2014), okuthole ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-porn ngaphezulu kunamathele ekusebenziseni ubuchopho obuncane ekuphenduleni izithombe ze-porno ye-vanilla. I Prause et al. okutholakele nakho kuhambelana Banca et al. 2015, ebika ukuthi ukufundwa kwe-EEG ephansi kusho ukuthi izifundo zizinakekelwa kakhulu ezithombeni kunokulawula. Ngokumane nje, abasebenzisi be-porn abajwayele ukuxoshwa babenqatshelwe izithombe ezibukhali ze-vanilla porn. Babenesithukuthezi (bajwayele noma benesisindo). Amaphepha ayisishiyagalombili abukeziwe ngontanga avumelana ukuthi Prause et al. I-2015 impela itholakala ukuhlambalaza / ukujwayela kubasebenzisi be-porn abavamile (okuhambisana nokulutha).

Nalu olunye ucwaningo olubikile kokubili ukubekezelelana nokuhoxiswa (izinto ezimbili zikaPrause I-Lancet uthathe amanga ukuthi akekho ucwaningo lwezocansi olubikile):Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Zobulili Ezingcolile (PPCS) (2017). Leli phepha liye lahlola futhi lihlolwe imibuzo ehlukunyezwayo yokusebenzisa i-porno ehlongozwayo ngemva kwemibuzo yokulutha izidakamizwa. Le mibuzo yemibuzo ye-18 ihlolwe ukubekezelelana nokuhoxiswa ngemibuzo elandelayo ye-6:

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Umbuzo ngamunye ulandelwe kusukela kokuya kwesinye kuya kweyisikhombisa esikalini se-Likert: 1- Awukho, i-2- Ngokuvamile, i-3- Ngezinye izikhathi, i-4- Ngezinye izikhathi, i-5- Ngokuvamile, i-6- Ngokuvamile, i-7- Yonke isikhathi. Igrafu ngezansi iqoqa abasebenzisi bezithombe zobulili ezingxenyeni ze-3 ngokususelwa kwizikolo zabo eziphelele: "Okungekho emthethweni," "Ingozi ephansi," futhi "Engozini." Imiphumela engezansi ibonisa ukuthi abasebenzisi abaningi bezithombe ezibucayi babhekana kokubili ukubekezelelana nokuhoxiswa.

Ngokumane nje, lolu cwaningo lubuze ngempela mayelana nokukhula (ukubekezela) nokuhoxiswa - futhi kokubili kubikwa ngabasebenzisi abathile be-porn.

Kuthiwani ngokutadisha kwamadoda anezidakamizwa ezenzelwe ucansi ezenziwe ngocansi? Izithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Zenza Ukungasebenzi Kwe-Erectile Phakathi Kwabesilisa Abasha (2019)- Ukufundwa kwembula ukubekezela (ukwehla ukuvusa) nokukhula (okudinga izinto ezimbi kakhulu ukuze zivuswe) ezifundweni ezinjalo. Kusukela ku-abstract:

Leli phepha lihlola lo mkhuba izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zenza ukukhubazeka kwe-erectile (I-PIED), okusho ukuthi izinkinga zesifo socansi emadodeni ngenxa yokusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi. Idatha yempi evela kubantu abahluphekile kule nkinga iqoqwe ....  Bika ukuthi isingeniso sokuqala kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile (ngokuvamile ngesikhathi sokukhula) kulandelwa ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke kuze kutholakale iphuzu lapho okucuketfwe ngokweqile (okubandakanya, isibonelo, izakhi zobudlova) kuyadingeka ukuze kugcinwe ukuvusa.

Isigaba esibucayi sifinyelelwa lapho ukuvuswa kocansi kuhlotshaniswa kuphela nezithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile, okwenza ubuhlobo bobulili bland futhi abujabulise. Lokhu kubangela ukungakwazi ukugcina ukulungiswa nomlingani wangempela, lapho abantu beqala khona inqubo "yokuvuselela", beyeka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile. Lokhu kuye kwasiza amanye amadoda ukuba athole amandla abo okufeza futhi agcine ukulungiswa.

Ngemva kokucubungula idatha, ngiqaphele amaphethini athile nama-themes aphindaphindiwe, elandela ukulandelana kwenkathi kuzo zonke izingxoxo. Lezi yizi: Isingeniso. Esinye sitholwa ezithombeni ezingcolile, ngokuvamile ngaphambi kokukhulelwa. Ukwakha umkhuba. Omunye uqala ukuqeda izithombe zobulili ezingcolile njalo. Ukulinganisa. Omunye uphendukela emaqenjini amaningi "okudlulele" kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile, okuhlakaniphile okuqukethwe, ukuze afinyelele imiphumela efanayo eyafinyelelwa ngaphambili ngokusebenzisa izinhlobo ezincane ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile. Ukuqaphela. Omunye uqaphela izinkinga zobulili ezithintekayo ezikholelwa ukuthi zibangelwa ukusetshenziswa kocansi. Inqubo ye "Re-boot". Omunye uzama ukulawula ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile noma ukuwuqeda ngokuphelele ukuze aphinde avuselele ubulili bakhe.

Nginganikeza Izifundo eziningi ze-35 ukubika noma ukuphakamisa ukujwayela “ezincwadini ezivamile zobulili ezingcolile” kanye nokukhuphuka kwezinhlobo ezeqisa kakhulu nezingajwayelekile, kepha lokhu kwanele ukudalula ukukhetha kweCherry okungacabangi. Iya ezingcaphunweni zabo ezimbili:

Izifundo ze-Alliance:

I-Landripet, iBusko, ne-Štulhofer (2019).Ukuvivinya ukuqhubekela phambili kokuqukethwe kokuqukethwe: Ukuhlola okude isikhathi eside kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kusetshenziswa nokukhetha kokuqukethwe okuphoqelekile nobudlova phakathi kwabesilisa abasha. Ucwaningo lwesayensi yezenhlalakahle. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Ilungu le-Alliance u-Alexander Štulhofer. Njengasezifundweni ezedlule, u-Štulhofer ukhawulela isampula lakhe kubafundi bezikole zamabanga aphezulu baseCroatia (abaneminyaka eyi-16; ama-58% abesifazane). Ukukhuphuka kwesilinganiso ngokuvamile kuthatha iminyaka ukuveza, ngakho-ke abafundi bezikole eziphakeme akuyona inketho esobala yezifundo njengoba zinjalo (mhlawumbe) ekuqaleni kwemisebenzi yabo yokubuka izithombe zocansi.

Okwesibili, lolu cwaningo lukhawulelwe ukucwaninga kwe-escalation ucwaningo ikakhulukazi kwezingcansi ezingathandwa yizingane ezithathwa ngokuthi "ukucindezela" noma "ezibuhlungu." Lokhu kushiya iningi lezinhlobo zabantu abasha abashaya igama lapho bechaza umlando wabo wokukhula (isibonelo, incest porn, hentai, TS porn, gang bang, bukake, i-MILF, i-FemDom, isilwane, uyisho igama).

Ukuphoqwa nobuhlungu kubonwa ngokunembe kangakanani, njengoba ukusakazwa kwamavidiyo alukhuni kulolonga umbono wentsha wokuthi luyini “ucansi lwangempela”? Ukubuyekezwa kuka-2019 (Ukubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ngokusebenzisa ilensi yamalungelo abantwana) ukuphawula kulo mbuzo:

Ucwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi labo abahlakulela izinkinga ngokubukwa kwezithombe zocansi babonisa ukuthanda okunamandla kwezithombe zenoveli kunokulawula okunempilo, kanye nokujwayela izithombe ngokushesha, nakho okungakhuphula idrayivu yezithombe zamanoveli ezengeziwe (IBarron neKimmel, 2000).

Lokhu kungachaza ukuthambekela okubhaliwe kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezedlulele, ezingabandakanya udlame, ukuminyana, ukushaya, ukudonsa izinwele, ukungena ngonya kwabantu besilisa abaningi, ukubamba amandla, ukuphoqa, ukubusa kwabesilisa, izenzo ezingezona ezokuvumelana, ukuzithoba kwabesifazane, ukulangazelela kwabesifazane nokuzimisela, ukwehliswa isithunzi nokubizwa kwegama, ukujula ebusweni besifazane, ukuya ocansini kwendunu, abalingani abaningi, ukugqilazwa, ukubuswa, usizi, isochism, ukucwasana ngokobuhlanga, ukuchama, ukuzikhulula, ukulala nezilwane, ukudlwengula, kanye nezithombe zokuhlukunyezwa kwezingane (ezaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi "izithombe zocansi zezingane"), namuhla kwenza cishe amaphesenti angama-20 embonini yezithombe zocansi (Foley, 2006; Gorman, Monk-Turner, & Fish, 2010; "Kulimaza okwenziwa ezinganeni zase-Australia," i-2016; Hamilton-Giachritsis, Hanson, Whittle, & Beech, 2017).

Ngempela, isifundo esisodwa esinempikiswano sathola ukuthi amaphesenti angama-88 ezithombe zobulili ezingcolile afaka nezenzo zodlame (iBridges, iWosnitzer, iScharrer, iLanga, neLiberman, i-2010; iFoubert, iBrosi, ne-Bannon, i-2011), kanti ezinye ziyibeka ngamaphesenti aphansi kakhulu (McKee , 2005). UMcKee ufika emaphesenti aphansi kakhulu amaphesenti amabili ngokukhipha bonke ubudlova obhekwa njengabaqashile, kodwa uma izingane zibukela izithombe ezingcolile, zingase zingayiqondi umehluko phakathi kobudlova obuqashiwe kanye nobudlova obungabonwayo futhi abukho ubufakazi bokuthi ngaphambili ayinethonya eliphansi kunelokugcina kumbukeli wengane. Akunandaba ukuthi yimuphi umugqa wocwaningo onembile, cishe lonke udlame olukhona ezithombeni zobulili ezingcolile namuhla luqondiswe kwabesifazane (IBarron & Kimmel, 2000, iphe. 164; UHamilton-Giachritsis, et al., 2017).

Okwesithathu, isifundo asizange sibabuze ngokuqondile abafundi ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwabo kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kwakuye kwavela ezinhlotsheni ezazibhekwa njengezimbi kakhulu, noma hhayi ngokuhambisana nokuthanda kwabo ngokocansi ekuqaleni. Ngakho-ke, isifundo se-Štulhofer asikwazanga ukuhlola ngokunembile ukubekezelelana noma ukukhula.

Eqinisweni, ukutholakala okungokoqobo kuka-Štulhofer (okushiwo kwi-abstract, kodwa kufakwe ephepheni) kuxhumanisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-porn ephakeme ukubuka ngaphezulu ezihlukahlukene of izinhlobo zobulili:

Ngokuthakazelisayo, ukuhlaziywa kwethu kubhekisele ekuxhumaneni okubalulekile phakathi imvamisa ephezulu yokubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile nokusebenzisa ukwehla okuncane kokuthandayo kokuqukethwe okuphoqelelwe / okubudlova ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Nakuba lokhu okutholakako akusekeli noma kungamangaleli i-CPT, kuphakamisa ukuthi izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile zixhunyaniswa nokuqukethwe okuhlukahlukene (okungukuthi, isithakazelo esingaphansi kakhulu) ekukhuleni. Lokhu kungase kuhambisane nokuguquguquka okulandelayo kokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile futhi kufanele kuphinde kucutshungulwe.

Ukuhumusha: ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwezocansi kwakuhlobene nabasha abafuna amanoveli nezinhlobo ezingaziwa ze-porn (ukukhuphuka). Lokhu akumangalisi njengabasebenzisi be-porn abangapheliyo bavame ukuchaza ukunyuka kokusetshenziswa kwabo kocansi okuthatha uhlobo lokubuka isikhathi esiningi noma ukufuna izinhlobo ezintsha ze-porn. Izinhlobo ezintsha ezenza ukwethuka, ukumangala, ukwephulwa kokulindela noma ukukhathazeka kungasebenza ukwandisa ukuvusa ngocansi, futhi kubasebenzisi be-porn abathintekayo ekukhulekeleni bakhuphuka ngenxa yokusebenzisa ngokweqile, lesi simo sivame kakhulu.

UShor, E., noSeida, K. (2019)."Kunzima futhi kunzima"? Ingabe izithombe zobulili ezingcolile eziqhubekayo ziqhubeka zidlame futhi ngababukeli bakhetha okuqukethwe okubudlova ?. I-Journal Sex Research, i-56 (1), i- 16-28. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Lolu cwaningo aluzange luhlole ukusetshenziswa kwe-porn kunoma yiziphi izifundo ukuze lingasitsheli lutho ngokubekezela noma ukukhula. Futhi isifinyeto se-Alliance asinembile. Leli phepha liwumzamo odukisayo, ongenakuziphendulela ukulwa nesifundo se-2010 Ana eBridges ngokuhlukunyezwa kwezocansi ("Ukuhlukumezeka nokuziphatha kobulili ekuthengiseni kakhulu amavidiyo wezocansi: Ukubuyekezwa kokuqukethwe kokuhlaziya"), Okuthole ukuthi i-88% yamafilimu e-porno adumile kakhulu abonisa ukuhlukumeza ngokomzimba ngokumelene nabesifazane.

Nokho, IShor & Seida 2019 akufaniswa nesifundo seBridges, esakhetha amavidiyo athandwa kakhulu. Lesi sifundo esisha asikwazi ukusitshela lutho mayelana nemikhuba yokuhlukumezeka ku- amavidiyo athandwa kakhulu phakathi kwe-2008-2016, njengoba itholakala ukuthi yenza. Kungani? Ngoba isifundo asihlolisanga amavidiyo asekelwe kuphela kubantuy, njengoba lokhu kuvela kwi "Sample and Data Section" kwembula:

Esikhathini sethu sokuqala sampula, safuna ukwandisa ukumelelwa kokubili abesifazane nabesilisa abavela ezinhlotsheni eziningi zobuhlanga nezinhlanga. Ngalokho, sasebenzisa inqubo yesampuli esicacile, kufaka phakathi isampula yokuqala amavidiyo abukele kakhulu avela kwizigaba ezilandelayo ze-PornHub: "Konke" (amavidiyo we-70), "ama-Interracial" (amavidiyo we-25), "ama-Ebony" (amavidiyo we-52), "ama-Asian / ama-Japanese" (amavidiyo we-35), "Latina" (amavidiyo we-19), ne-"Gay" (amavidiyo we-25)

Ukukhetha amavidiyo ngezigaba ezinqunyelwe ngaphambili, ngenkathi ushiya ezinye izigaba (mhlawumbe kunamakhulu ezigaba), kusho abacwaningi benza hhayi khetha amavidiyo athandwa kakhulu ngokubukwa.

Kubi kakhulu. Ezingxenyeni "Eziguquguqukayo zokuhlola ukuphakama kwevidiyo" abacwaningi bathi bangeze kumavidiyo amaningana okungahleliwe ngokulinganayo ezimbalwa ukubukwa:

Isampula sethu sokuqala sihlanganisa kuphela amavidiyo abukele kakhulu, okuholela ekutheni u-heterogeneity ophansi kakhulu kule nqubo. Ngakho-ke sengeze isampula esingehleliwe samavidiyo athole ukubukwa okumbalwa. Isampula sokugcina ngaleyo ndlela ihlanganisa amavidiyo ahlukahlukene, kusukela ekubukeni kwe-11,000 kuya kokubukwa kwezigidi ezingu-116.

Ngamafuphi, abacwaningi kubonakala sengathi baye bahlala unyawo olulodwa esikalini kuze kube yilapho beveza umkhuba abawufunayo. Leli phepha libukeka sengathi lizama ukusakaza i-propaganda kunezifundo ezingathí sina. Ukube bekubukeziwe yizazi eziyinkimbinkimbi zezemfundo, umsebenzi onjalo odidekile, ongenalutho awusoze wadlula ukubuyekezwa kontanga.

Ukucabanga kwethu ukuthi umsebenzi wabo kokubili uphazamisekile futhi ongenalo isayensi uqinisekiswe ngamazwi angasekelwa abalobi bephepha abese benze abanyamaphephandaba abakhulu. Abaphenyi basikisela ukuthi imiphumela yabo eyenziwe ngobuciko ayibonisanga nje kuphela ukuthi i-porn isiqala ukuba nobudlova obuncane (ukundiza ebusweni cishe kwayo yonke enye i-akhawunti noma ikuphi), kodwa ukuthi le miphumela futhi ngandlela thile iphikisana "nokulutha kwezithombe zocansi" - okungenzeka ukuthi kuncike ekungakholweni kwabo bathi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile seziya “thamba.” I-Balderdash. Ngezansi kunezifundo ezimbalwa eziphikisana nezimangalo zalolu cwaningo (ngokulandelana kwesikhathi):

Ukubumbana nokungalingani ku-X-Rated Videocassettes (1988) - Ingcaphuno:

Abantu besifazane baye bakhathazeka ngokudambiswa kwabesifazane ekuphathweni kobulili. Inhloso yalolu cwaningo kwakuwukucacisa izinga lokubusa nokungalingani ngokocansi kuma-video-cassettes ka-x ngokulinganiswa kokuqukethwe kwe-45 yamavidiyo omculo atholakalayo ka-X. Isampula sasikhona ngokungahleliwe kudonsela ohlwini lwezinhlamvu ze-movie ezidala ze-121 ezitholakala kakhulu emkhakheni wevidocassette ezitolo eziqashiwe eningizimu yeCalifornia. Izingxenye ezingaphezu kwesigamu sezigcawu zobulili ezicacile zazibhalwe ngokubhekene nokuphatha noma ukuxhashazwa. Iningi lokubusa nokuxhashazwa laliqondiswa amadoda kubantu besifazane. Izinkomba ezicacile zokubusa nokungalingani ngokobulili, kuhlanganise nodlame lomzimba, zenzeka njalo. Ukukhula kwemboni yokuqashwa kwevidocassette kanye nokuthandwa kwamafilimu aqanjiwe ama-x, kanye nemilayezo lezifilimu ezibonisa, kuyimbangela yokukhathazeka.

Udlame nokudicilela phansi njengezingqikithi kumavidiyo “abantu abadala” (1991) - Ingcaphuno:

Amakhasethi evidiyo asephenduke indawo ephambili yezithombe zocansi. Ukuhlaziywa kokuqukethwe kwangaphambilini kuhlolisise ukusabalala kodlame kulawa mavidiyo. IKhomishini kaMmeli Jikelele Yezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile (1986) iqinisekise ukuthi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezingenabudlova ezibonisa ukonakala ziveza ingozi efana naleyo evela ezithombeni zobulili ezingcolile ezinobudlova. Ukuhlaziywa kokuqukethwe kwesampula esingahleliwe esingu-10% (n = 50) samavidiyo akhonjiswe esigabeni "sabadala" esitolo sevidiyo kukhombisile ukuthi i-13.6% yezigcawu ezikumavidiyo ziqukethe izenzo ezinobudlova kanti i-18.2% iqukethe izenzo ezehlisa isithunzi.

Ubuhlanga nobulili ezicansi zobulili ezingcolile (1994) - Ingcaphuno:

Ukucwasa ubuhlanga nobulili kuhlolwe ngama-video-cassettes (ama-Black / White) e-X-rated. Ubulili baboniswa ngukuhlukumeza okungahleliwe kwamadoda kubantu besifazane. Ukucwasa ubuhlanga kuboniswe ngesimo esiphansi sabadlali abamnyama kanye nokuba khona kwezinhlanga zokucwasa ngokohlanga. Ukucwasa ubuhlanga kubonakala sengathi kuvezwe ngendlela ehlukile ngocansi, futhi ubulili buhlukile ngokuhlanga. Isibonelo, abesifazane abomnyama babeyizinhloso zezenzo zokuhlukumeza okungaphezu kwabesifazane abaseMhlophe, kanti amadoda amnyama abonisa ukuziphatha okuncane okuncane kunabo abakwaMhlophe. Ukuhlukunyezwa okuningi kutholakale ekusebenzisaneni ngokocansi okuphambene nomuntu kunokusebenzisana ngokobulili okufanayo. Lokhu okutholakele kusikisela ukuthi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ziyizinhlanga kanye nobulili.

Ubudlova ngokobulili emithonjeni emithathu yezocansi: Ngokwezincazelo zenhlalo (2000) - Ingcaphuno:

Lesi sifundo senza okuqukethwe okubudlova ngokobulili kumagazini, ividiyo, kanye ne-Usenet (i-intanethi yezindaba zezithombe zobulili ezingcolile). Ngokucacile, izinga lobudlova, inani lobudlova obunqunyiwe nabangabonisi, kanye nobulili bobabili abahlukumezekile nabahlukunyezwayo kuqhathaniswa. A ukwanda okuqhubekayo emlilweni wobudlova kusuka kwesinye isiya kuya kwesinye kutholakala, nakuba ukwanda phakathi kwamamagazini namavidiyo akukona okubalulekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bobabili omagazini namavidiyo abonisa ubudlova njengesivumelwano, kanti i-Usenet ibonisa ukuthi ayikho imibono ejwayelekile. Okwesithathu, omagazini babonisa abesifazane njengabahlukumeza kaningi kunamadoda, kanti i-Usenet ihluke kakhulu futhi ibonisa amadoda njengabahlukumeza kakhulu.

Amasayithi eWebhu ama-Internet e-Free Adult: Kanjani Okuvame Ukwenza Izenzo Zokuhlambalaza? (2010) - Ingcaphuno:

Russell (ubudlelwano okuyingozi: Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, misogyny nokudlwengula, 1988) wagomela ngokuthi izici ezibalulekile lwezithombe ezingcolile zobulili baba ngamashumi iinthombe besifazane abangaphezu kuka ubunqunu besilisa umfanekiso amadoda kwamaqhaza evelele. Isebenzisa isampula 45 Inthanethi omdala amasayithi ewebhu, ukuhlaziya okuqukethwe lwenziwe ukuze ubone uma amavidiyo omdala Inthanethi mahhala futhi lutholakale kalula kungenzeka ngokuvamile lingachazwa yezocansi kuhambisana (1988) umsebenzi kaRussell .... Ngaphezulu kwengxenye yamavidiyo kusampula sethu (i-55% yazo zonke amavidiyo anabalingisi ababili abakhona) kungenzeka ukuthi abonise abesifazane abashadile kunamadoda futhi i-55% yawo wonke amavidiyo anesihloko esiyinhloko sokuxhashazwa noma ukubuswa lapho umlingisi wesilisa oshicilelwe khona ukulawula. Ngakho-ke, iningi lamavidiyo e-intanethi mahhala kusampula sethu lingase lichazwe ngokuvamile njengezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezonakele ngokuhambisana nomsebenzi kaRussell [34].

Ukuhlukunyezwa nokuziphatha ngokobulili ekuthengiseni kakhulu amavidiyo wezithombe zocansi: isibuyekezo sokuhlaziya okuqukethwe (2010) - Ingcaphuno:

Lolu cwaningo lwamanje luhlaziya okuqukethwe kwamavidiyo abonayo amafilimu nezinhloso zokubuyekeza ukuvezwa kobudlova, ukulimala, kanye nemikhuba yobulili nokuqhathanisa imiphumela yocwaningo ekuhlolisweni kokuqukethwe kokuqukethwe kwangaphambilini. Okutholakele kubonisa amazinga aphezulu okuhlukumeza ezithombeni zobulili ezingcolile zohlobo zombili nezisho. Kulezi zigcawu ze-304 ezihlaziywe, i-88.2% iqukethe ukuhlukumezeka ngokomzimba, ikakhulukazi ukushaya, ukugwedla nokushaya, ngenkathi i-48.7% yezigcawu ziqukethe ukuhlukunyezwa ngamazwi, ikakhulukazi ukubiza amagama. Abenzi bokuhlukumeza babevame ukuba besilisa, kanti izinhloso zokuhlukunyezwa zaziyizintombikazi. Amathekisthi ayevame ukubonisa injabulo noma ayengathathi hlangothi kulesi sigameko.

Ubulili (In) ukulingana ezithombeni zobulili ezingcolile kwi-intanethi: Ukuhlaziywa kokuqukethwe kwevidiyo ethandwa kakhulu ye-Internet ye-Pornographic (2015) - Ingcaphuno:

Nakuba izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi zisetshenziswa kabanzi futhi abacwaningi sebeqale ukuphenya imiphumela yaso, asazi lutho mayelana nokuqukethwe kwalo. Lokhu kuye kwaholela ekumangaliseni izimangalo mayelana nokuthi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zobulili ze-Inthanethi zibonisa ubulili (in) ukulingana nokuthi ngabe le ncazelo ihluke phakathi kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile zobulili. Senze ukuhlaziywa kokuqukethwe kwezilinganiso ezintathu eziyinhloko zobulili (in) ukulingana (okungukuthi, ukuphikisa, amandla, nobudlova) kumavidiyo we-400 atholakala kuyi-Internet avela kumawebhusayithi e-Pornography avakashelwa kakhulu.

I-Objectification yaboniswa ngokuphindaphindiwe kwabesifazane ngokusebenzisa insimbi, kepha amadoda ayevame ukuphikiswa ngokuxoshwa. Ngokuphathelene namandla, amadoda nabesifazane abazange bahluke esimweni sezenhlalakahle noma sobuchwepheshe, kodwa amadoda ayevame ukuboniswa njengabahloniphekile nabesifazane bezithoba ngaphansi kwemisebenzi yocansi.

Yimiphi Imithwalo Yenhlanhla Eyenza Abashadile Abase-Australia Ababhekene Nabo Abesifazane Ababonile Kuzocansi? Isifundo Esihamba Ngesisindo (2018) - Ingcaphuno:

Lolu cwaningo luphenye ukuthi kaningi kangakanani iqembu labantu abasha base-Australia abathandana nobulili obuhlukile (abaneminyaka eyi-15 kuya kwengama-29) ababona izindlela eziningi zokuziphatha ezimelwe ezithombeni ezingcolile ezinyangeni eziyi-12 ezedlule…. injabulo zabesilisa (83%) livele njalo nge abanesibalo esiphezulu sokuhlukanisa intsha okwaxoxwa, kulandele indoda sibekwa njengoba evelele (70%). Abesifazane ayemaningi amathuba ukubika njalo ngibona ubudlova ngase owesifazane.

Ubudala, Ukuhlukumezeka, nokuthakazelisa kumavidiyo adumile e-Pornographic Online (2019) - Ingcaphuno:

Lesi sihloko sihlaziya okuqukethwe kwamavidiyo adumile we-172 kusuka kuwebhusayithi ye-pornographic PornHub.com. Nakuba angizange ngithole umehluko phakathi kwamazinga okuhlukumeza kumavidiyo aqukethe abadlali abasha kanye nalabo abenza abadala, abakuqala babe nethuba lokubonisa ukuhlukumezeka nokubandakanya ukungena kwe-anal nokujula kwebuso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nakuba bonke abadlali besifazane babengase babonise injabulo ngemuva kokuhlukumezeka, lo mbuthano wawunamandla kumavidiyo aqukethe abadlali abasha. Lawa mavidiyo abonisa ukuhlukumezeka nokuhlaziywa njengoba bobabili bevuma-okusho ukuthi amadoda alawula abesifazane abathandekayo-nempilo- okungukuthi, ukukhiqiza injabulo yabesilisa nabesifazane.

Isigaba sesithombe somzimba

Okuqukethwe / Eqinisweni: Lesi sigaba se-Alliance asiqukethe ukubuyekezwa kwezincwadi noma ukuhlaziywa kwemeta. Kunalokho, iqukethe isifundo esisodwa kubasebenzisi be-porn, futhi it kubikwe kuphela umphumela ongaqondile. Eqinisweni, ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kwezifundo kuxhumanisa ukubukwa kocansi nezithombe zomzimba ezingezinhle, ukuphikiswa okukhulu nokungeneliseki okukhulu. Ake siqale ngokuhlaziywa kwe-meta nokubuyekeza okushiywe yiDeniers Alliance:

Imidiya nezocansi: Umbuso woPhando lwezobuciko, i-1995-2015 - Ingcaphuno:

Umgomo walokhu kubuyekezwa kwakungenxa yokwenza umsebenzi wokuhlola uphenyo wemiphumela yokuhlolisisa imidiya. Okugxile ekucwaningweni okushicilelwe ezincwadini zamaphephandaba ezibukezwa kontanga, phakathi kwe-1995 ne-2015. Ingqikithi yezincwadi ze-109 eziqukethwe Ucwaningo lwe-135 lubuyekezwe. Okutholakele kunikeze ubufakazi obunjalo bokuthi ukuvezwa kokubili kwelabhoratri nokuchayeka njalo kwansuku zonke kulokhu okuqukethwe zihambisana ngokuqondile nemiphumela eminingi, kufaka phakathi amazinga aphezulu wokunganeliseki komzimba, ukuzithemba okukhulu okuzimele, ukusekelwa okukhulu kwezinkolelo zobulili kanye nezinkolelo zobulili ezingathandeki, nokubekezelelana okukhulu kobudlova ngokocansi kubantu besifazane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvezwa kokuhlolwa kwalokhu okuqukethwe kuholela kokubili abesifazane nabesilisa ukuba babe nombono owehlisiwe wokufaneleka kwamakhosikazi, ukuziphatha nokubambisana kwabantu.

I-Alliance iphinde yakushiya lokhu kuhlaziywa kwemeta kwe-2017 kwezifundo zokubala - Imibono yabesifazane mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile zobulili kanye nabangane, ngokobulili, ngokwabo nangokomzimba ukwaneliseka.- Izingcaphuno:

Ukuhlaziywa kwe-meta-paper yalezifundo ezilinganiselwe okwenziwe ngokuyinhloko kusekela ukucabanga ukuthi iningi labesifazane lithinteka kakhulu ngombono wokuthi umlingani wabo ungumthengi wezithombe ezingcolile. Ekuhlaziyeni okuyinhloko kufaka phakathi zonke izifundo ezitholakalayo, ukubona abalingani njengabathengi bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile bahlotshaniswa kakhulu nokwaneliseka okungathí sina, ngokocansi, nomzimba. Inhlangano yokwaneliseka ngokwabo yayibuye ingalungile. Imiphumela iphinde ikhombise ukuthi ukwaneliseka kwabesifazane kuzokwehla ngokujwayelekile ezincwadini ngokubona ukuthi abalingani babo bachitha izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kaningi.

I-Alliance ishiye lokhu kubuyekezwa kwe-2017 kwezifundo zesikhathi eside futhi Izinhlangano zesikhathi eside phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezicacile ngokocansi kanye nokuziphatha kwabantu abasha kanye nokuziphatha: Ukubuyekezwa okulandwayo kwezifundo. - Izingcaphuno:

Izifundo ezibuyekeziwe zithole ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezingcolile ngokobulili kungathinta uhlangothi lwezinkolelo nezinkolelo zentsha, njengokuzibandakanya kwezocansi (Peter & Valkenburg, 2008b), ukungaqiniseki ngokocansi (Peter & Valkenburg, 2010a; van Oosten, 2015), ukuphikiswa kocansi kwabesifazane (Peter & Valkenburg, 2009a), ukwaneliseka ngokocansi (Peter & Valkenburg, 2009b), isimo sengqondo sokuzijabulisa kanye nokuvumela ubulili (Baams et al., 2014; Brown & L'Engle, 2009; Peter & Valkenburg, 2010b), izindima zobulili obulinganayo (UBrown noL'Engle, 2009) angibheke umzimba (Doornwaard et al., 2014).

Futhi i-Alliance ishiye lokhu kubuyekezwa kwe-2019 kwentsha nokusetshenziswa kocansi -  Ukusetshenziswa kwempahla ye-intanethi ecacile ngokocansi kanye nemiphumela yayo empilweni yabantwana: ubufakazi obamuva bezincwadi. - Kusuka okungaqondakali:

Ngokwezifundo ezikhethiwe (n = 19), inhlangano ephakathi kokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezitholakala kuyi-intanethi kanye nokuziphatha okuhlukahlukene, ukuziphatha kwengqondo nemiphumela yezenhlalakahle - ukuhlukunyezwa kwangaphambili ngokocansi, ukusebenzisana nabalingani abaningi kanye / noma ngezikhathi ezithile, kuhoxisa ukuziphatha kocansi okuyingozi, kufaka izindima ezithintekayo zobulili, ukuqonda komzimba okungasebenzi, ukuhlukumezeka, izimpawu zokukhathazeka noma ezicindezelayo, ukusetshenziswa kocansi okucindezelayo - kuqinisekiswa.

Umthelela wezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezitholakala kuyi-intanethi empilweni yabantwana kubonakala sengathi kufanelekile. Udaba alukwazi ukushiywa indiva futhi kufanele lubhekiswe ekungeneleleni kwezwe jikelele nokuzibandakanya kwamanye amazwe. Ukunika amandla abazali, othisha nabachwepheshe bezempilo ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo zemfundo ezibhekene nalolu daba kuzobavumela ukuba basize izingane ekuthuthukiseni amakhono okucabanga abalulekile mayelana nezithombe zobulili ezingcolile, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwazo nokuthola imfundo ephathelene nokuziphatha ngokobulili ehambisana nezidingo zabo zentuthuko.

Izifundo ze-Alliance:

UVogels, EA (2018).Ukuzithandana: Izinhlangano phakathi kwezindaba zobulili ezicacile, isithombe somzimba, nokubonakala okubonakalayo. I-Journal Sex Research, i-1-13. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Ukutadisha okwenziwe nge-cherry nge-outlier kuphela umphumela ongaqondile (okungukuthi ukuguqulwa kwezibalo) esampula esingelona ummeleli.

IBorgogna, NC, Lathan, EC, & Mitchell, A. (2019). Ingabe Ukubuka Izithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Zabesifazane Kuhlobene Nesithombe Somzimba Noma Ukwaneliseka Kobudlelwano?. Ukulutha Kwezocansi Nokuphoqeleka, 1-22. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Isifinyezo se-Alliance sinembile kuphela futhi sishiya iziphumo ezibalulekile ("ukubuka izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile, imibono yokusetshenziswa ngokweqile, nobunzima bokulawula akuhambisani nomfanekiso womzimba"). Okokuqala, akukho ukuhlobana phakathi kwezici ezithile (akuzona zonke) zokusebenzisa izithombe ezingcolile zobulili nesithombe somzimba kufanele kubhekwe njengomphumela wangaphandle. Okwesibili, i-Alliance yashiya ukuthi ezinye izici zokusetshenziswa kobulili obuyinkimbinkimbi zazihlotshaniswa nesithombe somzimba ompofu. Ingcaphuno yocwaningo:

Ukuthola okuvela kulolu cwaningo kusekela isidingo sokungenelela kobufakazi besifazane abanokubukwa okunenkinga. Ngokuyinhloko, ukutholakala kwethu kubonisa ukuthi abesifazane abasebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ababalekela izinkinga ezingqondweni / ezingokomzwelo nabo babonisa ukuhlupheka komzimba nokunethezeka kobudlelwano.

Okwesithathu, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, okungaqondakali kokucwaninga kusho ukuthi imvamisa noma ukusetshenziswa kocansi kwakungavumelani nokwaneliseka kobudlelwane. Eqinisweni, ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe ezingcolile, nokusetshenziswa kobulili obuyinkimbinkimbi, kwakuhlotshaniswa nokwaneliseka kobudlelwane abampofu. Kusukela ekutadisheni: I-RAS (#6) = "ukwaneliseka kobudlelwane":

Umbhalo ovela emzimbeni wesifundo:

Sasihlolisisa ubudlelwane obuphakathi kokubuka amavolumu nokubuka okubucayi okwakhiwa komzimba womzimba nokunethezeka kobudlelwano kwabesifazane ... .. Futhi mayelana ne-H1, ukuvame ukubuka kwakunobungozi obukhulu obuhlobene nobudlelwane besifazane nabanelisayo ezingeni le-bivariate.

Ama-Deniers akhiphe lokhu kuthola okubalulekile.

ULaan, E., Martoredjo, DK, Hesselink, S., Snijders, N., & van Lunsen, RH (2017). Ukuzitholela izitho zangasese zabesifazane abasha nemiphumela yokuchayeka ezithombeni zemvubu yemvelo. Ijenali ye-psychosomatic obstetrics & gynecology, 38 (4), 249-255. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Ukuhlaziywa: Ukwanda kokukhonjwa kwamandla emali - njengoba lolu cwaningo lungahlangene nokubukwa kocansi. Okucashunwe ocwaningweni:

Abesifazane abangamashumi amane nantathu baboniswa izithombe ze-vulvas zemvelo (N = 29) noma izithombe zezinto ezingathathi hlangothi (N = 14). Ukuzitholela izitho zobulili kukalwe ngaphambi nangemva kokuchayeka ezithombeni nasemasontweni amabili kamuva.

Imiphumela: Iningi labahlanganyeli lazizwa kahle ngokuphathelene nezitho zabo zofuzo. Ukubekwa eceleni kwezithombe ze-vulvas yemvelo kwaholela ekuziphatheni okwenziwe ngokwengeziwe ngokobulili, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umsebenzi wezocansi, ukucindezeleka ngokocansi, ukuzethemba kanye nokukhathazeka ngokweqile. Kulaba besifazane ababesebonile izithombe ze-vulva, umphumela omuhle ekuziphatheni kwezitho zangasese wawusekhona emva kwamasonto amabili.

Izindaba flash: Ungakwazi ukufunda anatomy ngaphandle kokuvakashela Pornhub.

Ukudalula ukukhethwa kwamakhemikhali okungenangqondo kwe-Alliance sinikeza ngezifundo eziningi ezixhumanisa ukusetshenziswa kocansi nokuziphatha okungenazithombe nokuzeneliseka komzimba, abakushiye ngamabomu:

Umphumela we-Erotica kuma-Young Men's Aesthetic Perception of Abalingani babo bobulili bobulili (1984) - Ingcaphuno:

Ngemuva kokuvezwa kwamantombazane amahle, ukulinganiswa kokulingana komlingani kwawa kakhulu ngezansi kokuhlolwa okwenziwe ngemuva kokuvezwa kwabesifazane abangathandeki; leli xabiso lithathwa isikhundla esiphakathi ngemuva kokuchayeka kokulawula. 

Umthelela wezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ekugcululeni ngokocansi (1988) - Ingcaphuno:

Abafundi abesilisa nabesifazane nabangenalo ulwazi bavezwe kumavidiyo amavidyofrikhi ahambisana nezithombe zobulili ezingcolile noma ezingenasici noma okuqukethwe okungcolile. Ukuvezwa kwakunemihlangano yehora ngamasonto ayisithupha alandelanayo. Ngeviki lesikhombisa, izifundo zihlanganyele ekutadisheni okungahambisani nhlobo ezikhungweni zomphakathi kanye nokuzikhandla komuntu siqu. [Ukusebenzisa i-Porn] kwathinta kakhulu ukuzithokozisa okuhlangenwe nakho kocansi. Ngemuva kokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile, izihloko zabika ukwaneliseka okungenani nabalingani babo obuseduze-ngokukhethekile, nalabo abathandana nabo, ukubukeka komzimba, ilukuluku locansi, nokusebenza kocansi ngendlela efanele.

Umthelela we-eerotica ethandwayo kwizahlulelo zezihambi nabantu abashadile (1989) - Ingcaphuno:

Esivivinyweni i-2, izihloko zesilisa nabesifazane zazivezwe olwazini oluhlukile locansi. Esifundweni sesibili, kwakukhona ukuxhumana kocansi lwesimo nesimo sokuvuselela ekulinganisweni kocansi. Imiphumela engafanele yokuvezwa kwendawo yangaphakathi yayifunwa kuphela kwezifundo zesilisa ezivezwe emanzini wesifazane. Abesilisa abayitholile Playboy-parkestfolds ezithokozisa kakhulu zizilinganisa ngokwabo njengoba kancane othandweni nomkabo.

Ukuboniswa Kwengane Yengane Yomuntu Obhekene Nezocansi Ngokwemvelo kanye Nemibono Yabo Abesifazane Njengemisebenzi Yezocansi (2007) - Ingcaphuno:

Ukuvezwa kwezinto ezingcolile zobulili kumabhayisikobho e-inthanethi kwakuwukuphela kwesilinganiso sokuchazwa okuhlobene kakhulu nezinkolelo ukuthi abesifazane banesisindo socansi endleleni yokugcina yokuhlukumezeka, lapho ukuvezwa kwezinye izinhlobo zokuqukethwe kocansi kwalawulwa.

Ukuboniswa Okubonakalayo Ngokwezocansi kanye Nokuhlukahluka Emzimbeni, Izimo Zomzimba, Nezocansi Phakathi Kwesibonelo Samadoda aseCanada (2007) - Ingcaphuno:

Njengoba kwabikezelwa, izixhumanisi ezibi kakhulu zitholakale phakathi kokuchazwa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuyi-Inthanethi namazinga okuziphatha ngokobulili nokucansi.

I-Sex in America Online: Ukuhlolisisa Ubulili, Isimo Somshado, Nokuthi Ukwaziswa Ngokobulili Ekufuneni Ngocansi Inthanethi kanye Nemithelela Yaso (2008)- Ingcaphuno:

Lokhu kwakuhlolisiswa ngokucwaninga ngobulili nobuhlobo obufuna ku-intanethi, ngokususelwa ekuhloleni kwabaphenduli be-15,246 e-United States amaphesenti angamashumi ayisikhombisa nanhlanu namadoda angu-41% abesifazane ayebukele noma alayishe ngamabomu izithombe zobulili ezingcolile. Amadoda kanye nabesilisa abathandana nabesifazane besifazane babe nethuba lokufinyelela ezingcolile noma bahlanganyele kwezinye izici zokuzijabulisa ngocansi uma kuqhathaniswa nezimbangi noma abesifazane.

Ubudlelwano obulinganayo buvezwe phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane ngenxa yokubuka izithombe zocansi, nge abesifazane besho imiphumela embi kakhulu, kuhlanganise nokunciphisa isithombe somzimba, umlingani ohlamba umzimba wakhe, ukucindezela okwenyuka ukwenza izenzo ezitholakala kumafilimu angcolile, kanye nobulili obungokoqobo, kuyilapho amadoda ebika ukuthi ahlukumeze umzimba womlingani wabo futhi anesithakazelo esincane kocansi langempela.

Ukuboniswa Kwengane Yengane Kubonakala Ngezinsizwa Ezingcolile Ngocansi I-Material kanye Nemibono Yabesifazane Njengemisebenzi Yezocansi: Ukuhlola I-Causality and Process Underlying (2009)- Ingcaphuno:

Kodwa-ke, ithonya eliqondile lezimvo zabesifazane njengento yokulala ngokobulili ekubonisweni kwe-SEIM kwakubaluleke kakhulu kubesilisa abasha. Ukuhlaziywa okuqhubekayo kubonise ukuthi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubulili bobulili, ukuthanda i-SEIM kubonisana nomthelela wokuvezwa kwe-SEIM ngezinkolelo zabo ukuthi abesifazane banesisindo socansi, kanye nomthelela walezi zinkolelo ekuboniseni okubonakalayo.

Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye ne-Male Sexual Script: Ukuhlaziywa kokusetshenziswa kanye nobuhlobo bobulili (2014)- Ingcaphuno:

Siphikisana nezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kudala iskripthi sezocansi bese siqondisa okuhlangenwe nakho kocansi. Ukuhlola lokhu, sihlolisise abesilisa basekolishi abangama-487 (abaneminyaka eyi-18-29 iminyaka) e-United States ukuqhathanisa isilinganiso sabo sokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi nezintandokazi zezocansi kanye nokukhathazeka. Imiphumela ikhombise ukuthi umuntu obuka kakhulu izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, maningi amathuba okuthi azisebenzise ngesikhathi socansi, acele izenzo zocansi zocansi zomlingani wakhe, ngokuzibophezela ngamabomu izithombe zezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ngesikhathi socansi ukuze zihlale zivusa, futhi ube nokukhathazeka ngokusebenza kwakhe ngokocansi nesithombe somzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile kuhlotshaniswa kabi nokujabulela ukuziphatha okubi kobulili nomlingani wakho.

Ukuziphatha okuhlobene nocansi ku-intanethi kanye nomzimba womuntu osemusha kanye nocansi (2014)- Ingcaphuno:

Idatha emine ye-longitudinal phakathi kwe-1132 yesikhombisa- ku-10th-grade yase-Dutch intsha (iminyaka yobudala engxenyeni ye-1: iminyaka engu-13.95; i-52.7% abafana) iqoqwe. Imiphumela yokuzibonela ku-wave 4 kanye namasu womzali okubikezela ukuziphatha kwe-intanethi baphenywe ngokungeza izindlela zokuhlukumeza kumamodeli okukhula.

Amazinga okuqala aphezulu kanye / noma ukunyuka okusheshayo ekuziphatheni okuhlobene nezocansi ku-inthanethi ngokuvamile kubikezela ukuzethemba okungokwenyama okungaphansi (ukusetshenziswa kwe-SNS yamantombazane kuphela), ukubhekwa komzimba okwengeziwe, nokwaneliseka okuncane ngesipiliyoni socansi. Ukufinyelela kwe-Intanethi yangasese kanye nokuhlelwa kwezilungiselelo ezingaphansi komzali mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwe-Inthanethi kubikezele ukubandakanyeka okukhulu ekuziphatheni okuhlobene nocansi okuhlobene nezocansi. Nakuba iningi lezenzo zokuziphatha ezihlobene nobulili azihambanga phakathi kwentsha, intsha ehlanganyela ekuziphatheni okunjalo isengozi enkulu yokuthuthukisa ukuziphatha okungalungile komzimba nokucansi.

Akukho Kungozi Ekubukeni, Ngakwesokudla? Ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile, isithombe somzimba, nokuhleleka kahle (2014) - Ingcaphuno:

Ukuhlaziywa kwemigwaqo kwembula ukuthi Ukuvama kwamademoni okusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kwakungokuthi (a) kuhloswe kuhloswe ngokungahambi kahle komzimba kanye nokunganeliseki kwamafutha omzimba ngokungena ngaphakathi komqondo we-mesomorphic, (b) ohlangene kabi nokuhlonishwa komzimba ngokuqondile nangokungaqondile ngokuqapha komzimba...

Ingabe ukutholakala kokuqukethwe kwe-intanethi ngokucacile ngokobulili kukwandisa ukunganeliseki komzimba? Ucwaningo lwesikhathi eside (2014)

Ngokususelwa ekuhloleni kwephaneli lamagagasi amabili okwenziwe phakathi kwesampula esimele sakwa-1879 Dutch abazitholile ukuthi ukutholakala kakhudlwana kwe-SEIM kwandisa ukunganeliseki kwabesilisa nomzimba wabo ngokujwayelekile nesisu sabo ikakhulukazi.

Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi Sebenzisa kanye nesithombe socansi ngesampula saseDutch (2016)- Ingcaphuno:

Ukunganeliseki ngosayizi womthondo kuhlotshaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi… Le miphumela yokusekela ngaphambi kokucatshangelwa nokuzibika ngokuphathelene nobuhlobo phakathi kokusetshenziswa kocansi nokusetshenziswa komzimba wesilisa phakathi kwabantu.

Ukubuka Imidiya Ecacile Ngocansi kanye Nokusebenzisana Kwayo Ngempilo Yengqondo Phakathi Kwabesilisa Abesilisa Abesilisa Abesilisa Abesilisa Abesilisa Abesilisa Nabesifazane Ngasese-US (2017) - Izingcaphuno

Amadoda angamaGay kanye nabesilisa nabesifazane (GBM) abike ukuthi babheka imithombo yezokuxhumana ecacile ngokocansi (SEM) kunabesilisa abathandana nabo. Kukhona ubufakazi bokuthi ukubuka inani elikhulu le-SEM kungabangela isimo sengqondo esingalungile somzimba kanye nethonya elibi. Kodwa-ke, akukho zifundo eziye zahlola lezi zinguquko ngaphakathi kwesimo esifanayo.

Ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwe-SEM kwakuhlobene ngokuqondile nomqondo ongathandeki womzimba okungaphezu kokubili nokucindezeleka nokucindezeleka. Kwakukhona nomphumela ophawulekayo oqondile wokusetshenziswa kwe-SEM kumpawu zokucindezeleka nokukhathazeka ngesimo sengqondo somzimba. Lezi zithole ziqokomisa ukubaluleka kokubili kwe-SEM emfanekisweni womzimba kanye nomthelela omubi kanye nesithombe somzimba esivela emidlalweni yokukhathazeka nokucindezeleka kwe-GBM.

Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zisebenzisana nabesilisa abancane ngokobulili: Izinhlangano zokunganeliseki komzimba, ukudla izimpawu zesifo, ukucabanga ngokusebenzisa i-anabolic steroids kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila (i-2017) - Okucaphuno:

Isampula se-2733 abesilisa abancane ngokobulili abahlala e-Australia naseNew Zealand bagcwalisa inhlolovo enhlobonhlobo eyayinezinyathelo zokusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, ukunganeliseki komzimba, ukudla izimpawu zesifo, imicabango mayelana nokusebenzisa i-anabolic steroids kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila. Cishe bonke abahlanganyeli (98.2%) babike ukuthi sebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ngokusetshenziswa kwamahora ama-5.33 ngenyanga.

Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Multivariate kwembulwe ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kwakunokunganeliseki okukhulu nge-muscularity, fat body kanye nokuphakama; izidakamizwa ezinkulu zokudla; imicabango eminingi ejwayelekile mayelana nokusebenzisa i-anabolic steroids; kanye nekhwalithi ephansi yokuphila.

Imithombo Ye-Inthanethi Ecacile Ngocansi, Ukwaneliseka Komzimba, kanye Nezilindelo Zobambisene Phakathi Kwabesilisa Abalala Ngabantu: Isifundo Esifanele (2017)- Ingcaphuno:

Izingxoxiswano ezinomqondo ezihlelekile ezenziwe nge-16 MSM, ezihlanganisa ithonya elibonakalayo le-SEOM eqondene ne-SEOM. Wonke amadoda ayisishiyagalolunye ahlanganisa izihloko zokwaneliseka komzimba kanye nokulindeleke komlingani kubike ukuthi i-SEOM ethize ye-MSM ibeke ukulindela okubonakalayo okubonakalayo ngokwabo ngokomzimba kanye / noma abalingani babo abangaba khona.

Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi zisebenzisa phakathi kwabesifazane abahlangene: Izimo zengqondo zobulili, Ukuqapha umzimba, nokuziphatha ngokocansi (2018) - Ingcaphuno:

Abesifazane abasebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi babekwa ukuphakanyiswa okuphakeme kwezingxabano zokudlwengula, inamba ephakeme yabalingani bobulili, futhi babhekene nokuqapha komzimba.

Ama-Motivators amakhulu kanye ne-Sociodemographic Izici zabesifazane abahamba ngeLabiaplasty (i-2018)- Izingcaphuno:

Isigamu seziguli sabika ukuthi sinomqondo mayelana nobulili besifazane (50.7%) futhi bathonywe ngokusebenzisa abezindaba (47.9%). Abaningi balabo (71.8%) bathi bangenalo i-genitalia evamile futhi babhekwa i-labiaplasty ngaphezu kwezinyanga ze-6 ezedlule (88.7%). Isilinganiso sokusetshenziswa kwezithombe ezingcolile zobulili ngenyanga eyedlule kwakuyi-19.7% futhi yayihlotshaniswa kakhulu ne-self-image yesithombeni soqobo kanye nokuzethemba.

Imibono yokucindezela komlingani wesilisa ukuthi ibe mncane futhi isebenzise izithombe ezingcolile zobudlelwane: Izinhlangano ezihambisana nesifo se-disorder symptomatology kwisampula yomphakathi yabesifazane abadala (2019) - Funda ngemiphumela ye-porn kumlingani wesifazane womsebenzisi we-porn. Ingcaphuno:

Ucwaningo lwamanje luhlolisise okuguquguqukayo okubili okuqondene nozakwethu obekucatshangwa ukuthi kuxhunyaniswe nezimpawu zabesifazane ze-ED: izingcindezi eziqondakalayo zomlingani wesilisa nokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi kozakwethu bamanje nabangaphambilini kwakuhlobene nesifo sokuphakama kwesifo esiphakeme se-ED, kulungiswa iminyaka nemibiko yabesifazane yokukhathazeka ngalokhu kusetshenziswa. Ukucindezeleka komlingani ohlangene nobudlelwane bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile zobudlelwane obuseduze behlotshaniswa ne-ED symptomatology kokubili ngokuqondile nangomsebenzi omncane owenza kahle, kuyilapho okwamanje izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zozakwethu zihambisana ngqo ne-symptomatology ye-ED.

Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho okufingqiwe kwabesifazane abakwa-Heterosexual with Partner (2019) - Izingcaphuno:

Phakathi kwabathengi besifazane ababesebenza ngokocansi, amanani aphezulu okusetshenziselwa ukushaya indlwabu ahlotshaniswa nokuvuselelwa kwengqondo kwe-pornographic script ngesikhathi kukhumbula ukukhumbuza ngokocansi kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ngesikhathi socansi nomlingani, ukuthembela okuqinile kwizithombe zobulili ezingcolile ekufezeni nasekugcineni ukuvusa, futhi okuthandwa yizithombe zobulili ezingcolile zokusebenzisa ucansi nomlingani wakho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenzwa okuphezulu kweskripthi sezocansi ngesikhathi socansi, kunokuba nje ubuke izinto eziphathekayo zobulili ezingcolile, kuhlotshaniswa namazinga aphezulu okungaqiniseki ngokubukeka kwawo futhi kunciphise injabulo yezenzo ezithandekayo ezifana nokumanga noma ukucindezela ngesikhathi socansi nengxenyer.

Imithonya yezenhlalakahle emibonweni yokuphakama kwama-Penis Amadoda kanye nezinqumo zokungenelela kwe-Penile: Isifundo esifanelekayo (2019) - Izingcaphuno:

Inani elandayo lamadoda aligculisekile ngosayizi wawo wepenisi futhi lifuna izinqubo zezimonyo zokuthuthukisa usayizi wepipi labo. Kodwa-ke, kuncane okwaziwayo ngezici zenhlalo nezamasiko ezinomthelela emadodeni ukuthi azibheke lezi zinqubo… .. Izingxoxo ezihlelwe umuntu ngamunye zenziwa nabesilisa abayisithupha asebekhulile abebekade bengezelelwa i-penile.

Izindikimba ezintathu eziyinhloko zivele ezingxoxweni, okungukuthi "ithonya lezithombe zocansi", "ukuqhathanisa nontanga" kanye "nokuhlekwa okuhlobene ngqo nokubukeka". Amadoda aqaphele ukuthi ukuthomba okukhulu kwabalingisi besilisa ezithombeni zobulili ezingcolile bekuphazamise umbono wabo ngosayizi ojwayelekile wepenisi. Bonke abantu babeqhathanise ubukhulu babo be-penis neontanga zabo, ngokuvamile ekamelweni lokungena, futhi bevame ukuzwa ukuthi i-penis yabo yayincane kakhulu ngenxa yalokho.

Okubalulekile Kwamacala Emva Konke: Ubufakazi bokuhlola ukuthi i-SEM Yokusebenzisa Imithonya Yokwenyama Ne-Body Esteem KuMadoda (2019) - Izingcaphuno:

Ukucwaninga kwangaphambilini kutholile ukuthi izithombe ezivezwe kumidiya ajwayelekile zithonya elibi ekuzihloneleni, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane. Ngokukhululeka kokutholakala nokusabalalisa impahla ecacile ngokobulili eminyakeni edlule, ngenxa enkulu yokuphakama kwe-intanethi, kuye kwachazwa ukuthi abathengi be-SEM bangase banciphise ukuzethemba ngokwenza okufanayo nalokho okutholakala ocwaningweni ekuboniseni izithombe ezijwayelekile zabezindaba.

Ngokwazi lwethu, lokhu kuyisifundo sokuqala ukuhlola ngokuqondile umphumela wokuchazwa kwe-SEM ngokuzihlonipha okuqondene nesimo sezwe uma kuqhathaniswa nezikhangisi zabezindaba ezisetshenziswa kokubili ubulili kumklamo wokuhlola. Njengokwethenjelwa, amadoda adalulwe ku-SEM abike ngokubaluleka kokunciphisa ukwaneliseka ngokubukeka kofuzo lwabo uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo ababuka izithombe zomsakazo noma abangekho izithombe nakancane.

Imiphumela yethu iphakamisa-ke ukuthi ukuchayeka ku-SEM kunomthelela omubi ekuzethembeni kombuso kwabanye abathengi besilisa, ikakhulukazi ngosayizi nokubukeka kwezitho zabo zangasese, okubolekisa ngemibono yokuqhathanisa komphakathi. Ucwaningo lwangaphambilini ngalesi sihloko lususelwe kakhulu ekuzibikeni ngokwakho; indlela yethu iveze ngokusobala ababambiqhaza ku-SEM ngesikhathi sokuqoqwa kwedatha.

Isigaba sabenzi

Okuqukethwe / Eqinisweni: Akekho kulungu le-Alliance elibhalile ucwaningo ngabenzi be-porn. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isiza se-Alliance sithi sikhathazekile “ngemiphumela yamafilimu ezocansi” kubabukeli. Ngakho-ke kungani i-Alliance iphose esigabeni esinezifundo ezimbili ezikhethwe ngama-cherry zibika izindaba ezinhle ngabenzi bezithombe zocansi zesifazane? Impendulo isobala kabuhlungu: i-Alliance isebenza ukukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kocansi nokusekela i-ajenda yomkhakha we-porn (njengoba kudingeka). Uma ucabanga ukuthi sinehaba hlola ukuthi "ochwepheshe" babhale ini ku-akhawunti yabo ye-Twitter.

Izifundo ze-Alliance:

UGriffith, JD, Mitchell, S., Hart, CL, Adams, LT, & Gu, LL (2013). Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zobulili: Ukuhlolwa kwe-hypothesis yezimpahla ezilimele. I-Journal Research Research, 50 (7), i-621-632. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Analysis: Esinye isibonelo se-Alliance-picking cherry. Kungani iDeniers 'Alliance ishiye izifundo ezilandelayo kubalingisi bamafilimu abadala?

UDubin, JM, Greer, AB, Valentine, C., O'Brien, IT, Leue, EP, Paz, L.,… noRamasamy, R. (2019). Ukuhlolwa Kwezinkomba Zokukhubazeka Kwabesilisa Ngesidlangalaleni Kwabaningi Abadlayo. Umagazini wezokwelapha ngokocansi. Xhumanisa kuwebhu

Analysis: Ukutholakala akumangalisi njengoba wonke umuntu angalindela abenzi besifazane bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ukuba babe namazinga aphansi okwehla kwesifo socansi kunalokho okushiwo abantu abaningi. Okokuqala, abantu abaningi bahlanganisa ingxenye enkulu yabantu abanezimo ezingokomzimba noma ezingokomzimba eziphazamisa kokubili ezocansi kanye nezempilo jikelele (isifo sikashukela, ukugula kwengqondo, ukucindezeleka, isifo somzimba, ukugula okungapheli, njll.) Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkanyezi ezingcolile zivame ukuba , abakhangayo, abadlali bezocansi, futhi bavame ukubika ukuqala komsebenzi wobulili. Lokho kusho ukuthi amazinga aphansi okungasebenzi ngokocansi awafanani nokuphila okukhulu.

Noma kunjalo, lo mbhalo uyisibonelo esihle sokukhethwa kukacherry kwaDeniers: i-Alliance ishiye isifundo esenziwe yi iqembu elifanayo lokucwaninga. Ibika ama-ED Amanani kubantu abadlali abaphezulu kakhulu kunabantu abaningi. I ukucwaninga kocwaningi abadlali bezemidlalo abesilisa abadala, eshicilelwe ku-2018, ibike ukuthi i-37% yamanye izinkanyezi ezingcolile zobulili (iminyaka engu-20-29) yayine-erectile eyingozi kakhulu. (Ucwaningo lwalusebenzisa i-IIEF, okulinganisa ukusebenza ngesikhathi socansi oluhlukanisiwe, ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwe-urology yomsebenzi we-erectile.)

Nazi izibonelo ze-akhawunti ye-Twitter ye-Alliance ekhuthaza ucwaningo lwabesifazane (kepha hhayi isifundo sabesilisa):

yingaboy

Kwaphinda futhi, ukugqugquzela isifundo kubadlali besifazane kuphela:

yingaboy

I-Alliance iphinde isebenzise i-akhawunti yayo ye-Twitter ukukhuthaza izinzuzo zokuthengisa ngomzimba, ithumele "ucwaningo" oluthi ukusetshenziswa kwabaqwayizi kuhambisana "nemigomo yezempilo yezocansi."

yingaboy

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Kungani iRealYBOP ihlala i-tweet isekela imboni yezocansi nobufebe, lapho isayithi lithi likhuluma ngemiphumela ye-porn kumsebenzisi? Ukuze uthole izibonelo eziningi bheka leli khasi lapho siqoqa khona ama-tweets e-RealYBOP (ngenxa yezenzo zomthetho eziqhubekayo) - Ama-tweets e-RealYourBrainOnPorn: UDaniel Burgess, uNicole Prause kanye nama-pro-porn allies bakha iwebhusayithi ethambekele nama-akhawunti wezokuxhumana ukuze basekele i-ajenda yomkhakha we-porn (eqala ngo-Ephreli, 2019)

UPDATES

  1. buyekeza: Izenzo zomthetho zembula lokho Daniel Burgess ungumnikazi wamanje we realyourbrainonporn.com URL. Ngo-Mashi ka-2018, Daniel Burgess uvele ngaphandle kwendawo, ezibandakanya ukuhlukunyezwa okuhlosiwe kanye nokungcola kukaGary Wilson ne-YBOP kumapulatifomu amaningi omphakathi. Ezinye zezimangalo ezikhululekile zikaBurgess kanye nemisakazo ephazamisekile ibhalwe phansi futhi yahlakazeka lapha: Ukubhekana nezicelo ezingasekelwa nokuhlaselwa ngabanye nguDaniel Burgess (Mashi, 2018) (Ngokungangabazeki, iBurgess iyisondelene Nicole Prause).
  2. Ukuvuselelwa (Ehlobo, 2019): NgoMeyi 8, 2019 UDonald Hilton, MD wafaka isimangalo ngayinye se icala ngokumelene noNicole Prause & Liberos LLC. NgoJulayi 24, 2019 UDonald Hilton uchibiyele isikhalazo sakhe sokwehlisa isithunzi ukugqamisa (i-1) isikhalazo esingamanga se-Texas Board of Medical Examiners, (2) ngamanga wamanga wokuthi uDkt. Hilton wamangalela ubufakazi bakhe, kanye (3) nezincwadi ezifungelwe ezivela ku-9 ezinye izisulu zokuhlukunyezwa okufanayo (John Adler, MD, UGary Wilson, Alexander Rhodes, I-Staci Sprout, i-LICSW, ULinda Hatch, PhD, UBradley Green, PhD, Stefanie Carnes, PhD, UGeoff Goodman, PhD, Laila Haddad.)
  3. UNicole Prause noDavid Ley benza inkohliso ecaleni lokungcolisa uDon Hilton.
  4. Ukuvuselelwa (Okthoba, 2019): Ngo-Okthoba 23, i-2019 Alexander Rhode (umsunguli we i-reddit / i-nofap futhi NoFap.com) wafaka isimangalo secala lokuhlambalaza UNicole R Prause futhi ILiberos LLC. Bheka idokodo lasenkantolo lapha. Bona leli khasi ngemibhalo emithathu yasenkantolo efakwe yiRhodes: Umsunguli we-NoFap u-Alexander Rhode wenza isimangalo esimangalela uNicole Prause / Liberos (bheka ikhasi lokukhulisa imali).
  5. Ukuvuselelwa (Novemba, 2019): Okokugcina, eminye imithombo yemithombo yezindaba eyi-serial ekumangalelwa ngamanga, umhlambalazi, umhlukumezi, umthengisi wophawu lwentengiso, uNicole Prause: "I-Alex Rhodes ye-Porn Addiction Support group 'ye-NoFap' Ibona I-Pro-Porn Sexologist for Defamation" ngoMegan Fox we I-PJ Media futhi "Izimpi ze-porn ziba ezomuntu ngeNovemba kaNovemba", nguDiana Davison we The Post Millenial. UDavison ukhiqize le vidiyo yemizuzu engu-6 mayelana nokuziphatha okuhle kukaPrause: “Ingabe Izithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Ziyimilutha?”.
  6. Ukuvuselela (Januwari, 2020): U-Alex Rhodes wafaka amaphepha isikhalazo esichibiwe ngePreuse ebiza futhi i-akhawunti ye-RealYBOP ye-twitter (@BrainOnPorn) njengokuzibandakanya ekungcolisweni. Amanga ka-RealYBOP, ukuhlukunyezwa, ukungcoliswa, kanye nokuhamba nge-inthanethi bekutholile. The @BrainOnPorn I-twitter manje isiqanjwe ngamacala amabili wokuhlukumeza.
  7. Ukuvuselela (Mashi 23, 2020): U-Alex Rhode wafaka ukuphikisana kwakhe noPrause ukunyakaza. Ukufakwa kwakhe enkantolo kuqukethe izehlakalo ezintsha nobufakazi, izisulu ezingeziwe zePrause, umongo / isizinda esikhulu: Okufushane - Amakhasi 26, Isimemezelo - Amakhasi angama-64, Imibukiso - amakhasi 57.
  8. Ukuvuselelwa (Agasti, 2020): Umhlambalazi nomuntu ohlukumeza uNicole Pause ulahlekelwa ngamacala kuGary Wilson; Izinqumo zenkantolo ziveza uPrause umenzi wobubi, hhayi isisulu. Ngo-Agasti ka-2020 Izinqumo zenkantolo ziveze ngokuphelele uNicole Prause njengomenzi wobubi, hhayi isisulu. Ngo-Mashi ka-2020, uPrause wafuna umyalo wokuvimbela okwesikhashana (TRO) omelene nami esebenzisa "ubufakazi" obuqanjiwe namanga akhe ajwayelekile (engimangalela ngokuqamba amanga). Ngokwesicelo sikaPrause somyalelo wokuvimbela wazikhohlisa, ethi ngithumele ikheli lakhe ku-YBOP naku-Twitter (ubuqili akuyona into entsha nge-Prause). Ngafaka isimangalo esimelene ne-SLAPP ngokumelene noPrause ngokusebenzisa kabi uhlelo lwezomthetho (TRO) ukungithulisa nokungihlukumeza. Ngo-Agasti 6, iNkantolo Ephakeme YaseLos Angeles yanquma ukuthi umzamo kaPrause wokuthola incwadi engivimbelayo kwakhiwe "icala lobuciko futhi elingekho emthethweni lokulwa nokubamba iqhaza komphakathi" (elivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "isudi ye-SLAPP"). U-Prause uqambe amanga kulo lonke i-TRO yakhe yobuqili, enikeza ubufakazi obuqinisekisiwe obungenakuphikwa ukumeseka izimangalo ezingajwayelekile ukuthi ngamgxeka noma ngamhlukumeza. Empeleni, iNkantolo ithole ukuthi uPrause usebenzise kabi inqubo yokuvimbela ukungihlukumeza ukuba ngithule futhi ngiphathe amalungelo akhe okukhuluma ngokukhululeka. Ngokomthetho, isinqumo se-SLAPP siphoqa uPrause ukuthi akhokhe imali yami yommeli.
  9. UGary Wilson manje ungumnikazi we-URL ye-RealYBOP. Bona - QAPHELA: I-YBOP ithola i-www.RealYourBrainOnPorn.com ekuthengisweni kokuphula umthetho kophawu lwentengiso
  10. Ukuvuselela (Januwari, 2021): U-Prause wafaka icala lesibili lomthetho elingahlosiwe kimi ngoDisemba, i-2020 ngezinsolo zokwehlisa isithunzi. Ekulalelweni kwamacala ngoJanuwari 22, 2021 an Inkantolo yase-Oregon ikhiphe isinqumo esivuna mina futhi yahlawulisa uPrause ngezindleko nenhlawulo eyengeziwe. Lo mzamo ohlulekile ubungomunye we amacala ayishumi nambili Ukudumisa kusongelwa esidlangalaleni futhi / noma kwafakwa ezinyangeni ezedlule. Ngemuva kweminyaka eminingi yokubikwa okunobungozi, uye wadlulela ezinsongweni zamacala uqobo ukuzama ukuthulisa labo abamvezayo sisondelene nomkhakha wezocansi nokuziphatha kwakhe okunonya, noma abenze izitatimende ezifungelwe kumasudi amathathu okwehlisa isithunzi okwenzayo manje.