Ukutadisha kungavumeli i-CPUI-9 njengensimbi yokuhlola noma yikuphi "ukubhekwa kobulili ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile" noma ukulutha kobulili ezingcolile

ISIGABA 1: Isingeniso

Ucwaningo olusha (UFernandez et al., 2017) ihlolwe futhi yahlaziywa i-CPUI-9, uhlu lwemibuzo okuthiwa "lubonwa ukulutha kwezithombe zocansi" olwenziwe nguJoshua Grubbs, futhi lwathola ukuthi alunakuhlola ngokunembile "umlutha wangempela wezocansi" or “Umlutha wezocansi obonakalayo” (Ingabe i-Cyber ​​Pornography isebenzisa izibalo ze-Inventory-9 Ebonisa ukunyanzeliseka okwenziwe kuyi-Internet Ezingcolile zobulili? Ukuhlola Umsebenzi Wokuziqeda). Iphinde yathola ukuthi i-1/3 yemibuzo ye-CPUI-9 kufanele ishiywe ukubuyisa imiphumela evumayo ehlobene "nokungavumi kokuziphatha", "inkolo", kanye "namahora wokusetshenziswa kocansi." Okutholakele kuphakamisa ukungabaza okuphawulekayo mayelana neziphetho ezithathwe kunoma yiluphi ucwaningo olusebenzise i-CPUI-9 noma luthembele ezifundweni eziyisebenzisile. Eziningi zezinto ezikhathazayo kanye nokugxekwa kwesifundo esisha kufana nalokhu okuchazwe kulokhu kubanzi I-YBOP ihlaziya.

Ngokwemibandela elula izifundo ze-CPUI-9 nezinhloko ezibekwe zona zafaka isandla ekuqinisekiseni okulandelayo okumangazayo:

1. "Ukukholelwa ekuluthweni kocansi" noma "ukubonwa ukulutha kwezithombe zocansi" kungahlukaniswa "nokulutha kwezithombe zocansi" yi-CPUI-9.
2. "Amazinga wamanje wokusetshenziswa kocansi" the omunye ummeleli ovumelekile okwangempela ukulutha kwezidakamizwa ezingcolile, hhayi amanothi kumbuzo wokuhlola umlutha we-porn.
3. Kwezinye izihloko "amazinga wamanje okusetshenziswa kwe-porn" enza hhayi hlanganisa ngokuhambisana nezikolo eziphelele ze-CPUI-9. UGrubbs uthi laba bantu "bakholelwa" ngamanga ukuthi bangumlutha wezocansi.
4. Kuzinhlelo ze-CPUI-9, "inkolo" ihambisana no Ubude Amaphuzu we-CPUI-9. Ngenxa yalokhu i-Grubbs ikhombisa ukuthi abasebenzisi abaningi bezithombe ze-porn kuphela Kholwa bayilutha, futhi abanakho okwangempela umlutha wezocansi.
5. Kwezinye zalezi zifundo zombili "inkolo" kanye "nokungavunyelwa ngokuziphatha" zihambisana ne Ubude Amaphuzu we-CPUI-9. Ngenxa yalokhu i-Grubbs namathimba akhe bathi abasebenzisi bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile banamahloni-bakhuthaza "ukukholelwa ekubhekaneni nokulahla izithombe zobulili ezingcolile," hhayi umlutha wezocansi ezingcolile.

Izihloko ezisekelwe ezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-CPUI-9 zihlanganisa lezi zitholakele njenge:

• Ukukholelwa ekuluthweni kwezocansi kungumthombo wezinkinga zakho, hhayi ukuzithokozisa ngokweqile.
• Abasebenzisi bezithombe ezingcolile bezenkolo abanamlutha we-porn (noma ngabe bathola amaphuzu aphezulu ku-CPUI-9) - bamane nje bathola amahloni necala elizungeze ukusetshenziswa kwabo kocansi.

kulesi 2016 engavamile Psychology Today esihlokweni, UJoshua Grubbs uhlanganisa imibono yakhe, ethi umlutha wobulili obungcolile awuyona into engokwenkolo engokwenkolo:

Ukubizwa ngokuthi "umlutha wezocansi" ngumlingani, noma ngisho nokuzimela, akuhlangene nenani lezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezibukwa yindoda, kusho uJoshua Grubbs, ongumsizi kaprofesa wezengqondo eBowling Green University. Esikhundleni salokho, inakho konke okuphathelene nenkolo nokuziphatha okuhle ngocansi. Ngamafuphi, uthi, "Kunamahloni."

Ngokuphikisana nesitatimende esingenhla sikaGrubbs, izifundo zakhe empeleni zithole ukuthi "inani lezithombe zocansi ezibukwa yindoda" kakhulu okuhlobene nokulutha kwe-porn (izikolo ku-CPUI-9).

Grubbs uyaqhubeka:

… .IGrubbs ikubiza ngokuthi “ukubonwa njengomlutha wezithombe zocansi.” "Isebenza ngokwehluke kakhulu kwezinye izidakamizwa."

As UFernandez et al., I-2017 yembula, i-CPUI-9, empeleni, yehlulekile ukuhlola "ukubhekwa komlutha wezocansi." Futhi okwangempela umlutha wezocansi imisebenzi kakhulu njengezinye izidakamizwa.

Ngezansi: Imiphumela yemisebentiluhlolo lwemalanga UFernandez et al., Indawo ye-2017 konke iziphakamiso ezisekelwe emiphumeleni ye-CPUI-9, nazo zonke izihloko eziphethwe, ngokungabaza okukhulu.

Izinkinga nge-questionnaire "ebonakalayo yokulutha kocansi" (CPUI-9)

Ukuze siqonde ukubaluleka kwesifundo esisha kudingeka siqale sihlole i-Cyber ​​Pornography Use Inventory (I-CPUI-9). Kubalulekile ukuqaphela:

• I-CPUI-9 ihlukaniswe izigaba ezi-3 ezinamagama ezinemibuzo emi-3 lilinye (qaphela ngokukhethekile imibuzo "Yokukhathazeka Ngokwenhliziyo").
• Umbuzo ngamunye utholwa kusetshenziswa isikali se-Likert sika-1 kuye ku-7, kuthi owu-1 abe “lutho neze, "Futhi i-7 ibe"kakhulu. "
• Noma nini lapho uGrubbs esebenzisa ibinzana elithi "ukubonwa njengomlutha" empeleni akasho lutho ngaphandle kwe- inani eliphelele esivivinyweni sakhe se-CPUI-9, nokho isivivinyo asikwazi ukwehlukanisa umlutha "obonwayo" nomlutha wangempela.

Isigaba sokucatshungulwa kocansi

1. Ngikholelwa ukuthi ngiyisidakwa sezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi.
2. Ngizizwa ngingakwazi ukuyeka ukusebenzisa kwami ​​izithombe ezingcolile zobulili.
3. Ngisho nalapho ngingathandi ukubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuyi-intanethi, ngizizwa ngidonsela kuso

Isigaba Semizamo Yokufinyelela

4. Ngezinye izikhathi, ngizama ukuhlela isimiso sami ukuze ngibe ngedwa ukuze ngibheke izithombe zobulili ezingcolile.
5. Ngenqabe ukuphuma nabangani noma ukuya eminye imisebenzi yomphakathi ukuze ngithole ithuba lokubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile.
6. Ngiye ngaqeda izinto ezibalulekile ukuze ngibuke izithombe ezingcolile.

Ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo Isigaba

7. I uzizwe unamahloni ngemva kokubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuyi-intanethi.
8. I uzizwe ecindezelekile ngemva kokubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuyi-intanethi.
9. I Ngiyagula ngemva kokubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuyi-intanethi.

Ukuhlola i-CPUI-9 kwembula amaqiniso amathathu aqhekezayo avezwe ngabalobi UFernandez et al., 2017 (futhi ku I-YBOP ihlaziya):

• I-CPUI-9 ayikwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi komlutha wangempela we-porn kanye nokukholelwa nje ekuluthweni kocansi ("umlutha obonakalayo").
• Izigaba ezimbili zokuqala (imibuzo 1-6) zihlola izimpawu nezimpawu ze-a okwangempela umlutha wezithombe zocansi (hhayi "umlutha wezithombe zocansi").
• Imibuzo "Yokukhathazeka Ngokomzwelo" (7-9) ihlola amazinga amahloni nokuzizwa unecala, futhi ayitholakali kunoma yiluphi olunye uhlobo lokuhlolwa kokulutha (okungukuthi, akulona).

Sizoqala ukunikeza isifinyezo esifushane UFernandez et al., I-2017 ilandelwe izingcaphuno ezivela ekutholeni kwayo kanye nokuphawula kwethu.

ISIGABA 2: UFernandez et al., 2017 - Design & Okutholakele

Incazelo emfushane UFernandez et al., I-2017:

Lokhu kwakuyicwaningo eliyingqayizivele ngoba licele abahlanganyeli ukuba bayeke kwi-intanethi yezinsuku ze-14. (Izifundo ezimbalwa kuphela baye bacela abahlanganyeli ukuba bayeke izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, okuyinto enye yezindlela ezingavamile kakhulu zokudalula imiphumela yayo.) Abahlanganyeli bathathe i-CPUI-9 ngaphambi nangemva kwemizamo yabo ye-14 ngosuku lokuzilahla kocansi. (Qaphela: Abazange bayeke ukushaya indlwabu noma ubulili, kuphela i-porn.) Inhloso enkulu yabacwaningi kwakuwukuqhathanisa 'ngaphambi' nangemva 'kwezinombolo ze- Izigaba ze-3 we-CPUI-9 kuya kokulandelayo Izinguquko ze-3:

1) Ukuphoqeleka kwangempela. Ukuthi ababambiqhaza babezama ukuyeka izithombe zocansi bavumela abacwaningi ukuba balinganise okwangempela ukuphoqeleka (ngokuphathelene nokusetshenziswa kocansi). Abacwaningi basebenzisa indlela ethi "ukuhluleka ukugwema ukuzithiba X ukuzikhandla"Ukukala okwangempela ukuphoqeleka. Lona isifundo sokuqala sokuqhathanisa okwangempela ukuphoqeleka kwizikolo zezifundo kuhlu lwemibuzo lokulutha izidakamizwa ezingcolile (i-CPUI-9).

2) Ukuvama kokusebenzisa i-inthanethi ye-porn. Imvamisa yezihloko yokusebenzisa i-inthanethi ngaphambi kocwaningo.

3) Imibuzo yokuziphatha engavumelekile. Ngaphezu kokuthatha i-CPUI-9, ElikaFernandez izihloko zathatha imibuzo yemibuzo yokuziphatha engahambisani nayo, ngakho-ke abacwaningi bangalinganisa imiphumela yayo ngemibuzo ye-CPUI-9. Ukungafuni ukuziphatha okubi kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kwalinganiswa ngezinto ezine ezilinganiselwe esikalini se-7-Likert kusukela ku-1 (lutho neze) ku-7 (kakhulu):

• "Ukubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuyi-intanethi kunenkinga yami,"
• "Ukubuka izithombe ezingcolile kuyaphula izinkolelo zami zenkolo,"
• "Ngikholelwa ukuthi ukubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuyingozi," futhi
• "Ngikholelwa ukuthi ukubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuyisono."

Qaphela ukuthi imibuzo emi-3 kwengu-4 "yokungavunyelwa ngokokuziphatha" ifaka inkolo.

Ake sihlole ukuthi yini UFernandez et al., I-2017 ibike nokuthi isho ukuthini nge-CPUI-9 neziphetho ezinikezwe izifundo ezisebenzisa i-CPUI-9.

Kwenzekani UFernandez et al., Umbiko we-2017?

Okutholakele #1: Imvamisa ephezulu yokusetshenziswa kocansi ihlobene no: 1) Inani le-CPUI-9 izikolo, i-2) "Imibuzo yokuCatshangelwa" ekhonjwe, ne-3) okwangempela ukuphoqeleka (ukuhluleka ukuhlukumezeka kwemizamo X yokuzikhandla). Noma kunjalo, ukuvama kokusetshenziswa kocansi kwaba ahlobene ukuthola amaphuzu “Wokucindezeleka Ngokomzwelo” imibuzo 7-9 (ehlola icala nehlazo).

Ukuhumusha: Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ulinganisa kanjani, okwangempela umlutha wezocansi uhlobene kakhulu namazinga aphezulu okusetshenziswa kocansi. Kodwa-ke, imibuzo yecala nehlazo i-7-9 akufanele ibe yingxenye yokulutha kwezilonda zocansi (noma ngisho nokuhlolwa "kokulutha kocansi") ngoba ayihambisani nemvamisa yokusetshenziswa kocansi. Imibuzo emi-3 ethi “Ukukhathazeka Ngokomzwelo” akuyona eyayo. Eqinisweni, babheka imiphumela ye-CPUI-9.

Thatha i-1: Izifundo zeGrubbs (noma noma iluphi ucwaningo olusebenzise i-CPUI-9) aluzange luhlolisise "ukubonwa njengesiyaluyalu se-porn" noma "ukukholelwa ekuluthweni kocansi" noma "ukuzibiza ngomlutha." Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi "ubona ukulutha kocansi kocansi"Akubonakali lutho kunamaphuzu aphelele ku-CPUI-9. Isihloko esinjengathi "Ukukholelwa ukuthi Unomlutha Wezocansi Yimbangela Yenkinga Yakho Yezocansi, Ukuthola Okufundwayo" kufanele manje kuhunyushwe kabusha ngokuthi "Ukuba Nomlutha Wezocansi Yimbangela Yenkinga Yakho Yezocansi, Ukutholwa Kokufunda." Kubalulekile ukuqaphela lokho asikho isandulela sesayensi sokuhlolwa kokuhlolwa "kokulutha okubonakalayo", futhi i-CPUI-9 ayiqinisekisiwe ngaleyo ndlela.

Thatha i-2: Imibuzo yecala nehlazo i-7-9 ayinandawo kuhla lwemibuzo yokulutha umlutha wezocansi ngoba bayabamba amaphuzu e-CPUI-9 aphelele okuphansi kakhulu kubasebenzisi abangabonayo bezenkolo, ngenkathi ukuphakamisa izikolo zabasebenzisi be-porn zenkolo. Isibonelo, uma umuntu ongakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu nomKristu ozinikeleyo enamanani afanayo emibuzweni ye-CPUI-9 1-6, kucishe kuqiniseke ukuthi umKrestu uzogcina enamanani aphakeme kakhulu we-CPUI-9, ngemuva kokungezwa imibuzo 7-9 - kungakhathalekile ukuthi ungakanani yokulutha kunoma yisiphi isifundo.

Ukudla okudlela endlini 3: Ukweqa imibuzo yecala nehlazo i-7-9 iphumela "emahoreni wokusebenzisa i-porn" (hhayi inkolo) ukuba yisethenjwa esiqine kakhulu sokulutha kwezocansi. Ukusho ngenye indlela, imibuzo "Imizwa Yokucindezeleka" ihlobanisa ngokuqinile "nenkolo" kodwa hhayi "amahora okusetshenziswa kocansi." Ngokuphambene nezihloko ezidukisayo, Ucwaningo lwe-CPUI-9 olutholiwe ukuthi amazinga aphezulu okusebenzisa i-porn ahambisana nalokho okuthiwa "ukubhekwa kobulili ezingcolile zobulili."

Okutholakele #2: Imizamo yokuhluleka ukuzithiba eyehlulekile ehambisana ne-1) Izikolo eziphelele ze-CPUI-9, kanye no-2) imibuzo "Yokucindezela Okubonwayo" - kodwa hhayi ngemibuzo ethi "Ukukhathazeka Ngokomzwelo" 7-9.

Ukuhumusha: Ukungakwazi ukulawula ukusetshenziswa kuhambisana ne-CPUI-9 okwangempela imibuzo yokulutha ngo-1-6, kepha hhayi ngemibuzo yecala nehlazo 7-9.

Ukudla okudlela endlini: Futhi, imibuzo ye-CPUI-9 i-1-6 ihlola okwangempela umlutha wezocansi, ngenkathi imibuzo yecala nehlazo i-7-9 ingenayo. Ukufakwa kwemibuzo "Yokucindezeleka Ngokomzwelo" kuholela kude aphansi Izici ze-CPUI-9 zezilutha zobulili ezingcolile nokude ephakeme Iziqu ze-CPUI-9 zabantu abathile benkolo, noma cishe ubani ongathanda ukungasebenzisi i-porn.

Okutholakele #3: "Ukungavunyelwa kokuziphatha" kokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kwakuhlobene kakhulu ne-1) Izikolo eziphelele ze-CPUI-9, kanye ne-2) imibuzo "Yokukhathazeka Ngokomzwelo". Kodwa-ke, "ukungavunyelwa kokuziphatha" bekuhlobene kancane kuphela nezikolo ze-CPUI-9 "Perceived Compulsivity". Ngamanye amazwi, izihloko ezinomlutha kakhulu azizange zibeke amaphuzu aphezulu kunkolo.

Ukuhumusha: "Ukungamukelwa ngokokuziphatha ”kwezocansi kuhambisana kakhulu necala le-CPUI-9 nemibuzo eyihlazo 7-9. Okubaluleke kakhulu, imibuzo 7-9 yile kuphela isizathu sokuthi "ukungavunyelwa kokuziphatha" kuhlanganiswe ne-Total CPUI-9 ("ukubhekwa komlutha we-porn"). Ukufakwa kwemibuzo "Yokukhathazeka Ngokomzwelo" yilokho okudala isimangalo esidukisayo sokuthi "ukukholelwa ekuluthweni kocansi" kuqhutshwa ukungavumelani nokuziphatha.

Thatha i-1: Ukweqa imibuzo yecala nehlazo (i-7-9) kuholela "ekungavunyelweni kokuziphatha" okungahlobene nokulutha kocansi. "Imizwa Yokucindezeleka" Imibuzo ehlola ukulahlwa kanye nehlazo ibangele noma ubani ongathanda ukungasebenzisi i-porn (ikakhulukazi abantu bezenkolo) ukuba abe nezikolo eziphakeme kakhulu ze-CPUI-9.

Thatha i-2: Ukufakwa kwemibuzo yecala nehlazo i-7-9 iholela ekuhlanganisweni okuqinile okukhohlisayo phakathi "kokungavunyelwa kokuziphatha" kanye ne-Total CPUI-9 (umlutha obonakalayo). Iqiniso lokuthi abantu abakholwayo babheka phezulu kakhulu kokubili "kokungavunyelwa kokuziphatha" kanye nemibuzo ethi "Ukukhathazeka Ngokomzwelo" kuholele ekufunweni okungasekelwa kokuthi abantu benkolo banamathuba amaningi okuthi "bazibone" bona bengumlutha we-porn (khumbula ukuthi "ukubonwa njengesiyaluyalu" kufushane ngakho "Inani le-CPUI-9"). Kodwa-ke, lokhu akulona iqiniso, ngoba amaphuzu "angeziwe" abantu benkolo abawatholayo kumibuzo 7-9 ungalinganisi ukulutha, noma "ukuqonda" kokulutha. Abalinganisi lutho ngaphandle kokucindezeleka ngokomzwelo ngenxa yamanani aphikisanayo.

Thatha i-3: Abantu benkolo bazuza kakhulu emibuzweni "yokungavumi ukuziphatha" kanye nemibuzo ethi "Ukukhathazeka Ngokomzwelo". Ucwaningo olususelwa ku-CPUI-9 seluqalile ukuhlanganiswa phakathi kokungavumelani nokuziphatha kanye nemibuzo ye-3 "Yokucindezeleka Emotional" ukudala imfundiso yabantu abangokwenkolo kuphela Kholwa banomlutha wezocansi. Kodwa-ke, le mibuzo ayihlolisisi ukubheja kocansi noma "inkolelo" noma "ukuqonda" kokulutha, ngakho-ke akukho ndawo kule nsimbi.

Ngokufingqiwe, iziphetho kanye nezicelo ezenziwe yi-CPUI-9 azivumelekile. UJoshuwa Grubbs wadala uhlu lwemibuzo engenakukwazi, futhi akukaze kuqinisekiswe, ukuhlunga "okubonwayo" kusuka ekulweni komlutha wangempela: i-CPUI-9. Nge ukulungiswa kwesayensi kwesayensi he iphinde ibhalwe phansi i-CPUI-9 yakhe njengombuzo wokuhlola umlutha wezithombe zobulili ezingcolile.

Ngenxa yokuthi i-CPUI-9 ihlanganisa ne-3 imibuzo engaphandle ehlola icala necala, Izikolo zabasebenzisi bezithombe ezingcolile ze-CPUI zivame ukubhekwa phezulu. Ukuba khona kwamazinga aphezulu we-CPUI-9 kwabasebenzisi bezithombe ezingokwenkolo kwakunikezwa abezindaba njengesimangalo esithi "abantu benkohliso bakholelwa ukuthi banomlutha wezocansi"Lokhu kwalandelwa izifundo eziningana ivumelanisa ukungahambisani nokuziphatha nge-CPUI-9 izikolo. Njengoba abantu bezenkolo njengeqembu bephezulu baphikisana nokuziphatha okubi, futhi (kanjalo) inani le-CPUI-9, kwachazwa (ngaphandle kokwesekwa kwangempela) lokho okungavumelani nokuziphatha okungokwenkolo yiyona weqiniso imbangela yokulutha kocansi. Lokho kuqhuma kakhulu, futhi akufanelekile njengendaba yesayensi.

Manje sizoletha izingcaphuno ezivela UFernandez et al., 2017 ihambisane namazwana nokucacisa izithombe.

ISIQEPHU 3: Izicashunwa ze UFernandez et al., 2017 (ngamazwana)

Ingxenye yengxoxo ye UFernandez et al., I-2017 iqukethe ukutholwa okuyisithathu okuyinhloko, impendulo emithathu yombono, kanye nemiphumela emibili yomtholampilo. Zilandela.

Ukutholwa kokuqala okuyinhlokoImibuzo ye-CPUI-9 "Ebonwa Yokuphoqeleka" ihlola okwangempela ukuphoqelelwa hhayi "ukukholelwa" ekuluthweni kocansi

UFernandez et al., 2017 uxoxe ukuthi i- okwangempela izikolo zokuphoqeleka zihambisana nezikolo kumibuzo ye-CPUI-9 "Perceived Compulsivity" imibuzo, kodwa hhayi imibuzo "yokucindezeleka ngokomzwelo".

Sithole ukwesekwa okuyingxenye yesipiliyoni sethu sesibili, ukuzama ukuhlukumeza ukuhlukumezeka kungaxhunyanisana nokuzama ukuzigwema ukubikezela izikolo eziphakeme ze-CPUI-9, ukulawula ukungavumelani nokuziphatha. Nokho, lobudlelwane bubekwe kumaphuzu okuCatshangelwa Okuphoqelekile, hhayi izikolo zokucindezeleka ezingokomzwelo futhi izikolo ze-CPUI-9 ezisezingeni eligcwele. Ngokucacile, uma imizamo yokuziyeka yokuhluleka ihlulekile ukuzama ukuzikhandla nokuzigwema, izinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokubhaliswa kwe-Compulsivity Compcised libikezelwa. Lokhu okutholayo kuvumelana nesiphakamiso sethu sokuthi akuyona nje imvamisa yokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile okufaka emibonweni yokucindezela, kodwa ukuthi lokhu kuzobuye kuxhomeke ekuguqukeni okubalulekile, ukuzama ukuzigwema. Ngaphambilini, izifundo ziye kubonise ukuthi ukuvama kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kusebenzisa ama-akhawunti ngokuhlukahluka kwe-CPUI-9 (Grubbs et al., 2015a; Grubbs et al., 2015c), kodwa ukuvama kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kusetshenziswa yedwa akukwanele ukuba kube khona ukuphoqeleka (Kor et al., 2014). Ucwaningo lwamanje lubonisa ukuthi abanye abantu bangabheka i-IP kaningi, kepha kungenzeka ukuthi bangenzi umzamo omkhulu wokugwema i-IP. Njengalokhu, kungenzeka ukuthi babengakaze bazizwe ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwabo kwakuphoqelela nganoma iyiphi indlela, ngoba kwakungenhloso yokuziyeka. Ngakho-ke, isingeniso samanje sokwenza ukuzithiba njengendlela eguquguqukayo entsha kuyinhlangano ebalulekile. Njengoba kwabikezelwa, lapho abantu bezama kanzima ukugwema izithombe zobulili ezingcolile (okungukuthi, ukuzikhandla okukhulu) kodwa babhekene nokuhluleka okuningi (okungukuthi, ukuzama ukuvimbela ukuvimbela kakhulu), lokhu kuvumelana nezibalo eziningi ngokuzibophezela okuphoqelekile.

ISIFINYEZO: Okokuqala, ukuvama kokusetshenziswa kocansi kwakuhlobene kakhulu nemibuzo ye-CPUI-9 "Ebonwa Yokuphoqeleka" futhi okwangempela ukuphoqeleka ("ukuhluleka ukuhlukumeza imizamo X yokuzikhandla").

Okwesibili, abasebenzisi be-porn abazama kanzima ukuyeka, kepha behluleka kaningi, babe nezikolo eziphakeme kakhulu kwimibuzo ye-CPUI-9 "Perceived Compulsivity". Kalula nje, imibuzo ye-CPUI-9 iyahlola okwangempela ukuphoqelelwa (izifiso kanye nokwehluleka ukulawula ukusetshenziswa) kunokuthi "ukholelwe ekuluthweni umlutha." Lokho kusho ukuthi abahlinzeki ngokusekela umqondo wokuthi "umlutha obonakalayo."

Okwesithathu, imibuzo "Yokukhathazeka Ngokomzwelo" (ukuhlola unecala nehlazo) ayisebenzi ekuhloleni ukuluthwa okungokoqobo kocansi, futhi isebenza kuphela ukuthola amaphuzu aphelele we-CPUI-9 aphezulu kubantu benkolo nalabo abangavumeli ukusetshenziswa kocansi.

Masenze izibalo ezibukwayo. Nanka amathiphu okuqonda izinombolo kulawa amatafula nezithombe ezilandelayo: I-Zero isho ukuthi akukho ukuhlanganiswa phakathi kokuguquguquka okubili; I-1.00 isho ukuhlanganiswa okuphelele phakathi kwezinguquko ezimbili. Okukhudlwana inombolo inamandla kakhulu ukulungiswa phakathi kwezinguquko ze-2. Uma inombolo inayo susa sign, kusho ukuthi kukhona ukuhlangana okungekuhle phakathi kwezinto ezimbili. (Isibonelo, kunokuhlobana okungalungile phakathi kokuvivinya umzimba nesifo senhliziyo. Ngakho-ke, ngolimi olujwayelekile, vivinya umzimba kunciphisa amathuba okuba nesifo senhliziyo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukukhuluphala kunakho ukuhlanganisa omuhle ngesifo senhliziyo.)

Siqala ngetafula lezixhumanisi kusuka UFernandez et al., 2017. Inombolo 1 "imvamisa yokusetshenziswa kocansi lwe-inthanethi", ehlobanisa ngokuqinile imibuzo ye-CPUI-9 "Perceived Compulsivity" (0.47), umzamo wokuziyeka (0.28), kanye nemizamo yokuhluleka ukuzibamba (0.47). Imvamisa yokusebenzisa i-porn kwaba ahlobene imibuzo "yokucindezeleka ngokomzwelo" (0.05) futhi kabi kuhlobene "nokungavumi kokuziphatha" (-0.14).

Imiphumela ngaphandle kwemibuzo emi-3 "Yokukhathazeka Ngokomzwelo" ihlukumeza imiphumela: "Imvamisa yokusetshenziswa kocansi" iyona ndlela enamandla kakhulu yokubikezela umlutha wezocansi - hhayi inkolo! Njengoba UFernandez et al. waveza, ukuhlangana okungenhla kuyafana kuzo zonke izifundo ze-CPUI-9 ezenziwa ngamaqembu kaGrubbs.

Isisekelo esiyisisekelo sezifundo "ezibonakalayo zokulutha kocansi" sincike ukuqinisekiswa okungenasisekelo ukuthi amaphuzu aphelele we-CPUI-9 kufanele ahambisane kahle "namahora amanje wokusebenzisa i-porn". Abaphenyi bacabanga ukuthi - uma amaphuzu we-CPUI-9 womuntu ephakeme kakhulu, kepha "amahora abo okusetshenziswa kocansi" aphezulu kakhulu - lowo muntu ngamanga "ukholelwa" ukuthi ungumlutha we-porn. Isethulo sesithombe salesi kugomela:

Nokho, njengoba UFernandez et al. nezinye izifundo eziningi bonisa, izinga lamanje lokusetshenziswa kocansi kuyisimo isilinganiso esingathembeki sokulutha umlutha. Okubaluleke kakhulu, imibuzo ye-3 "ye-Emotional Depress" yenza buthaka kakhulu ukuxhumana phakathi kokuvama kokusetshenziswa kanye nenombolo ye-Total CPUI-9.

Iphuzu eliyinhloko: Ayikho into efana nokuthi "ukuphoqeleka okubonakalayo" noma "ukubhekwa komlutha wezocansi." Uma umsebenzisi wezocansi ezuza kakhulu ekuhlolweni kokulutha kwezocansi, kusho ukuthi ubhekene nezimpawu nezimpawu zokulutha okungokoqobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akunangqondo ngokwesayensi ukucabanga ukuthi amazinga wamanje wokusetshenziswa kocansi angasetshenziswa njengommeleli we okwangempela ukulutha kwezidakamizwa (okucwaningweni okuningi sekuphelile).

Ukutholwa okuyisisekelo kwesibili: Kudingeka umzamo omkhulu wokugwema ukuhambisana nemibuzo ye-CPUI-9 "Ebonwa Yokuphoqeleka"

UFernandez et al., I-2017 iveze ukuthi kudinga umzamo omkhulu wokugwema ukuhlangana ngokuqinile nemibuzo ye-CPUI-9 "Ebonwa Yokuphoqeleka" kanye nobuningi bokusetshenziswa kocansi, kepha hhayi ngemibuzo "Yokucindezeleka Ngokomzwelo":

Ngokuthakazelisayo, Umzamo wokuzibamba njengomuntu oziqhenyayo wabonisa ubuhlobo obuningi obuhle bokubikezela nokuzibophezela okukwenziwe ngokuzibophezela (kodwa hhayi ukuxhaswa kwe-Emotional Distress subscale kanye ne-CPUI-9 egcwele isikali), ukulawula imizamo yokuziyeka yokuziyeka nokuzivumelanisa nokuziphatha, nakuba lobudlelwane bekungabonakali ukuthi yi-priori. Sabikezela esicwaningweni samanje ukuthi abantu kuphela abaye babhekana nokwehluleka ukuzama ukugwema ukuvimbela ukuzibophezela kungase kubangele ukucindezela ekuziphatheni kwabo, okuholela emibonweni yokuphoqeleka. Nokho, sithole ukuthi ukuzikhandla okukhulu kokuziqhenya kwabikezela izikolo eziphakeme ku-Compulsivity Ebonakalayo, futhi ukuthi lobu buhlobo bubonwe ngisho nokuzimela kokuzama ukugwema ukuzithiba. Lokhu okutholayo kunesici esibalulekile sokuzama ukugwema izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuqobo kuhlobene nemibono yokucindezela kwabanye abantu.

SUMMARY: Ngokufana nokutholwa kokuqala, amaphuzu aphezulu emibuzweni ye-CPUI-9 "Perceived Compulsivity" imibuzo ehlobene kakhulu nezici ze okwangempela ukuphoqeleka (kudinga amazinga aphezulu emizamo yokugwema izithombe ezingcolile). Kalula nje, imibuzo ye-CPUI-9 ethi “Perceived Compulsivity” imibuzo ihlola okwangempela ukuphoqelelwa. Kodwa-ke, ukudinga umzamo omkhulu wokugwema izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kwakungahlangene nakancane necala, amahloni noma ukuzisola (imibuzo "Yokukhathazeka Ngokomzwelo"). Icala nehlazo elizungeze ukusetshenziswa kwe-porn akuhlangene nakancane okwangempela umlutha wezocansi, ingasaphathwa eyokuthi "inkolelo" yokulutha kabi kocansi.

Iphuzu eliyinhloko: Ayikho into efana nokuthi "ukuphoqeleka okubonakalayo" noma "ukubhekwa komlutha wezocansi." Imibuzo "Yokukhathazeka Ngokomzwelo" ayinandawo ku-CPUI-9, ngaphandle kokuthola amaphuzu aphezulu kubasebenzisi bezithombe ezingcolile futhi benze iziphetho nezinhloko ezingasekelwa.

Ukutholwa okuyisisekelo okuyisithathu: Ukungavunyelwa kokuziphatha kwakuhlobene nemibuzo "Yokucindezeleka Ngokomzwelo", kodwa hhayi okwangempela ukuphoqeleka noma imibuzo ye-addict CPUI-9 (1-6)

Khumbula ukuthi "ukungavumelani nokuziphatha kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile" yisamba semibuzo ye-4 engeyona ye-CPUI-9, kuyilapho imibuzo ye-3 CPUI-9 "Yokukhathazeka Ngokomzwelo" ihlola icala nehlazo. UFernandez et al., 2017 (kanye nezinye izifundo ze-CPUI-9) bathole ukuthi "ukungavumelani nokuziphatha kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile" akuhlangene nakancane okwangempela umlutha wezocansi. Ingcaphuno:

Sithole ukuthi uma i-CPUI-9 ithathwa njengenhlangano yonke, ukungamukeleki kokuziphatha kwakuwukuphela kokuhlelwa okuphawulekayo. Nokho, uma kuphulwe phansi, ukungafuni ukuziphatha okubikezelwe kuphela kushiwo isizinda esithile se-CPUI-9, i-subscale ye-Emotional Distress (isib, "Ngizizwa nginamahloni ngemva kokubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuyi-intanethi") futhi angenalo ithonya kwi-Compulsivity Accessed subscale. Lokhu kuhambisana nokucwaninga kwangaphambilini okubonisa ukungavumi kokuziphatha kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ukuze kuhlotshaniswe kuphela nokucindezeleka kokucindezeleka ngokomzwelo hhayi ukucindezeleka okuveziwe noma ukutholakala kwemizamo yokufinyelela (Wilt et al., 2016). Lokhu iphinde isekele ukwesekwa kwabakwaWilt nabalingani ukuthi ama-akhawunti angavumelani ngokuziphatha okuyingxenye eyingqayizivele ye-CPUI-9, okuyinto engokomzwelo (ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo), kunokuba isici sengqondo (Ukucatshangelwa Okucatshangwayo). Ngakho-ke, nakuba ukucindezeleka kokwemzwelo nokuzibophezela okuphoqelelwe ukucindezelwa kuhlobene, ukutholakala kwethu kusikisela ukuthi badinga ukwelashwa ngokwehlukana njengoba kubonakala sengathi zakhiwe ngezinqubo ezihlukahlukene ezingokwengqondo ezingaphansi.

SUMMARY: Ukungavunyelwa kokuziphatha kwakuhlobene kakhulu nemibuzo emi-3 "Yokukhathazeka Ngokomzwelo", kepha yayihlobene kancane nje nemibuzo ye-CPUI-9 "Ebonwa Yimpoqo". Lokhu kusho ukuthi "ukwenqatshwa kokuziphatha" akuhlobene nokulutha kocansi, kodwa kuphela ukuzizwa unecala futhi unamahloni. Ngezansi kukhona ukuhlangana okuvela ocwaningweni okukhulunywe ngalo kwingcaphuno (Wilt et al., 2016). Ukuhlobana phakathi "kokungavunyelwa kokuziphatha" kanye nezigaba ezintathu ze-CPUI-9 kuyaqokonyiswa:

Njengakwezinye izifundo ze-CPUI-9, ukukholelwa ukuthi i-porn ayilungile ngokokuziphatha noma iyisono ihlotshaniswa kakhulu nesigaba se-CPUI-9 "Traffic Distress" (# 4). Kodwa-ke kunokuncane kakhulu (noma ukungahambisani) phakathi "kokungavunyelwa kokuziphatha" kanye nemibuzo esemthethweni ye-CPUI-9 yemilutha yokulutha ("Imizamo Yokufinyelela", "Ukuphoqeleka Okubonwayo"). UFernandez et al. uthi amahloni nokuzizwa unecala (imibuzo 7-9) idinga ukuhlolwa ngaphandle kokulutha ngokweqile kwe-porn (imibuzo 1-6). Abahloli umlutha noma umlutha "obonwayo".

Ngezansi: Imibuzo "Yokukhathazeka Ngokomzwelo" ayinayo indawo ku-CPUI-9, ngaphandle kokuthola amaphuzu aphezulu kubasebenzisi bezithombe ezingcolile. Abaphenyi basebenzise ukuhlangana kwemvelo phakathi "kokungavunyelwa kokuziphatha okubi kocansi" kanye nemibuzo "Yokukhathazeka Ngokomzwelo" ukubiza ukuthi ukuphikisana nokuziphatha kubangela "ukukholelwa ekuluthweni kocansi" (Isamba se-CPUI-9). Njengoba abantu benkolo bethola phezulu “kokungavunyelwa ukuziphatha” kanye “Nokucindezeleka Ngokomzwelo,” abacwaningi basho okungelona iqiniso inkolo kubangela ukulutha kocansi, kodwa imiphumela yokufunda inikeza ubufakazi obuncane bokuthi kunjalo.

Imithelela yezintandokazi #1: Ukulutheka kwezithombe zocansi “kuyabonakala” kuyinganekwane. Ukungavunyelwa kokuziphatha akudingi iqhaza ekuluthweni kocansi kocansi.

UFernandez et al., 2017 ithole ukuthi imibuzo ye-CPUI-9 "Perceived Compulsivity" ihlola okwangempela ukuphoqeleka, nokuthi ukuphikiswa kokuziphatha akubambe iqhaza ekuluthweni kobulili bezocansi.

Izinto esizifunayo zinezimpendulo ezintathu ezibalulekile ezibalulekile. Okokuqala, isifundo samanje sichaza ubuhlobo obungakaze buhlolwe phakathi kokulutha okubonakalayo kwe-IP, njengoba kulinganiswa yi-CPUI-9, nokucindezelwa kwangempela. Esikhathini sethu sesampula, sathola ukuthi imibono yokuphoqeleka yayibonisa ngempela ukuthi yiqiniso. IKubonakala sengathi iphethini yangempela yokucindezela (ukuhluleka ukuzama ukugwema ukuzithiba x ukuzama ukuzikhandla), nokuzikhandla ngokwakho, ukubikezela izibalo ku-CPUI-9 ukuphoqeleka ukuphoqeleka. Sithole ukuthi lobu buhlobo babanjwa ngisho nangemva kokugcina ukungavumi ukuziphatha njalo. Ngakho-ke, okutholakala kwethu kusikisela ukuthi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umuntu uyazivumelanisa nezithombe zobulili ezingcolile, izilinganiso zomuntu ezithintekayo zokuzibophezela zingase zibonise ukuphoqeleka kwangempela, noma okuhlangenwe nakho kobunzima ekugwemeni IP. Siphakamisa ukuthi nakuba ukucindezela kwangempela akusho ukulingana kwangempela, ukuphoqeleka kuyisici esiyinhloko sokulutha futhi ukutholakala kwayo kumsebenzisi we-IP kungase kube uphawu lokulutha okuyi-IP. Ngakho-ke, okufundwayo okwamanje kwamanje kuphakamisa imibuzo ngokuthi ngabe ucwaningo lwe-CPUI-9 kuze kube manje lungabhekwa ngokulutha ngokweqile, ngaphandle kokubona umlutha nje.

SUMMARY: Nini UFernandez et al. ithi "imibono yokuphoqeleka" kusho imibuzo ye-CPUI-9 "Ebonwa Yokuphoqeleka". Izikolo ku- “Perceptived Compulsivity” ziqondaniswe ne- okwangempela ukuphoqeleka (ukuhluleka ukuhlukumezeka kwemizamo x ukuzikhandla). Kulula, imibuzo ye-CPUI-9 i-1-3 ihlola okwangempela ukuphoqelelwa (izifiso nokungakwazi ukulawula ukusetshenziswa) kunokuba "ukholelwe ekuluthweni kocansi." Ababhali bazwakalisa ukungabaza okukhulu ngokusebenzisa ibinzana elithi “umlutha obonakalayo” ngokungashintshi nezikolo zokuhlola ze-CPUI-9. Ekugcineni, ukuhlola ukungavunyelwa kokuziphatha akusitsheli lutho mayelana nokulutha kabi kocansi.

Ngokulandelayo sisebenzisa idatha evela kwelinye iphepha le-CPUI-9 elibhalwe ngokuhlanganyela nguGrubbs (“Ukuguquka njengesiyaluyalu: Ukwethembeka nokuziphatha okungavumelani njengababikezeli bokulimala okubonakalayo ku-Pornography"), Njengoba isihloko sayo esivusa inkanuko sikhombisa ukuthi ukwenqatshwa kokuziphatha ngokwenkolo kubangela ukulutha kwezocansi.

Qaphela ukuthi imibuzo "Yokukhathazeka Ngokomzwelo" ikhiqiza ukuhlangana okuqinile phakathi "kokungavunyelwa kokuziphatha" kanye nezikolo ze-Total CPUI-9. Qaphela: Imibuzo ethi "Imizamo Yokufinyelela" engu-4-6 ihlola izindlela zokuziphatha eziyisiyaluyalu (ukungakwazi ukulawula ukusetshenziswa yize kunemiphumela emibi kakhulu), kepha ayihlobene kakhulu nokwenqatshwa kokuziphatha kanye nenkolo.

Iphuzu eliyinhloko: Ayikho into efana nokuthi "umlutha wezocansi obonakalayo." Uma umsebenzisi we-porn athole amaphuzu aphezulu ekuhlolweni kokulutha kwezocansi okuvumelekile, kusho ukuthi uhlangabezana nezimpawu nezimpawu ze- okwangempela umlutha. Uma ukholelwa ukuthi ungumlutha, ungumlutha. Ukuthi umuntu uzizwa kanjani ngokuziphatha ngezithombe zobulili ezingcolile akuhlangene nakancane nokulutha kwezithombe zocansi. Ukunemba, imishwana ethwala imithambo enjengokuthi “umlutha wezithombe zocansi” noma "ukukholelwa ekuluthekeni kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile" kufanele ithathelwe indawo ngokunembe kakhudlwana “ukuluthwa yizithombe zocansi.”

Imithelela yezintandokazi #2: Imibuzo ye-3 "Insizi Yokucindezeleka" ithinta izibalo eziphelele ze-CPUI-9 kubantu abangokwenkolo ngenkathi zihlukanisa inani eliphelele le-CPUI-9 yezilingo zangempela zobulili ezingcolile.

UFernandez et al., I-2017 ixoxe ngokuthi imibuzo ye-3 "Yezinsizi Zengqondo" iphikisana nayo yonke imiphumela evela kunoma yisiphi isifundo esasebenzisa i-CPUI-9.

Okwesibili, ukutholakala kwethu kubeka ukungabaza ngokufaneleka kokufakwa kwe-Emotional Distress subscale njengengxenye ye-CPUI-9. Njengoba kutholakala njalo kwizifundo eziningi (isib. Grubbs et al., 2015a, c), ukutholakala kwethu kwabonisa nokuthi imvamisa yokusetshenziswa kwe-IP kwakungekho ubuhlobo nezikolo zokucindezeleka ngokomzwelo. Okubaluleke nakakhulu, ukuphoqeleka kwangempela njengoba kucatshangelwa esifundweni samanje (ukuhluleka ukuzigwema ukuzithiba x ukuzama ukuzikhandla) kwakungekho ubudlelwane nezikolo zokucindezeleka ngokomzwelo. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi abantu abathola ukunyanzeliswa kwangempela ezithombeni zabo zobulili ezingcolile ababheki ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo okuhambisana nokusetshenziswa kwabo kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile.

Kunalokho, Ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo izibalo zabikezelwa ngokukhululeka kokuziphatha, ngokuhambisana nezifundo zangaphambilini okubuye kutholakale ukuhlangana okukhulu phakathi kwalaba ababili (Grubbs et al., 2015a; Wilt et al., 2016). Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo njengoba kulinganiswa yi-CPUI-9 kuthiwa ngokuyinhloko ukukhubazeka kubonakala ngenxa yokuzibandakanya ekuziphatheni okungavumelani nokuziphatha, futhi akuhambisani nokucindezelwa kwangempela. Ngakho-ke, ukungena kwe-Emotional Distress subscale njengengxenye ye-CPUI-9 ingase ibambe imiphumela ngendlela efakazela inani eliphelele lokulutha kwezidakamizwa zabasebenzisi be-IP abangafuni ukuziphatha kabi kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile, futhi bahlukumeza inani eliphelele lokulahla i-IP abasebenzisi abaneziphakamiso eziphezulu Izimo zokuphoqelela, kodwa ukungafuni ukuziphatha okubi kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile.

Tkungenzeka ukuthi ngoba i-Emotional Distress subscale yayisekelwe esilinganisweni sokuqala "Sokuzibophezela" esasetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa ikakhulukazi nabantu abakholwayo (Grubbs et al., 2010), kanye nokusebenza kwayo nabantu abangebona okungokwenkolo kuhlale kungaqiniseki ngokuthola okulandelayo okutholakele okuhlobene nalesi silinganiso. "Ukucindezeleka okuphawulekayo emitholampilo" kuyisici esibalulekile ku-criteria yokuhlonza ehlongozwayo ye-Hypersexual Disorder ye-DSM-5, lapho umgudu wokuhlonza u-B uthi "kukhona ukucindezeleka komuntu siqu okuphawulekayo ... okuhlotshaniswa nokuvama nokuqina kwalezi zithombe zocansi, noma ukuziphatha "(Kafka 2010, iphe. 379). IAkungabazeki ukuthi i-subscale ye-Emotional Distress igxuma kulolu hlobo oluthile lokucindezeleka okukhulu emtholampilo. Indlela okushiwo ngayo izinto (okungukuthi, "Ngizizwa nginamahloni / ngicindezelekile / ngigula emva kokubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuyi-intanethi") kusikisela ukuthi ukucindezeleka akudingeki kuhlotshaniswe nokuvama nokuqina kwemicabango yokucansi, ukugqugquzela, noma ukuziphatha, kodwa kungalethwa nje ngokuzibandakanya ekuziphatheni ngisho nangendlela engeyona yokuphoqa.

SUMMARY: Lokhu the Ukuthola okuyisisekelo: Imibuzo ye-3 "Insizi Yokucindezeleka" awunayo indawo ku-CPUI-9, noma noma iluphi uhlu lwemibuzo lokulutha umlutha wezocansi. Le mibuzo yecala nehlazo iyakwenza hhayi hlola ukucindezeleka okuhambisana nokusetshenziswa kocansi okuluthayo noma "umbono wokulutha." Le mibuzo ye-3 ifaka amaphuzu e-CPUI-9 ngokukhohlisa kubantu benkolo ngenkathi ichaza inani eliphelele le-CPUI-9 lezidakamizwa ezingezona ezenkolo.

Kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi imibuzo yemibuzo yokuhlola yezinye izinhlobo zokulutha ayinawo imibuzo mayelana necala nehlazo. Impela, akekho yenza ingxenye yesithathu yemibuzo yabo mayelana necala nehlazo. Isibonelo, isimiso se-DSM-5 kusuka ku-Alcohol Use Disorder iqukethe imibuzo ye-11. Kodwa akekho neyodwa yale mibuzo ehlola ukuzisola noma icala ngemva kokuphuza ukuphuza. Futhi ingabe i-DSM-5 Umbuzo wezinkinga zokubheja ukugembula iqukethe umbuzo owodwa mayelana nokuzisola, icala noma ukuhlazeka.

Ngezansi: Susa imibuzo emi-3 "Yokukhathazeka Ngokomzwelo" kanye nazo zonke izimangalo kanye nokuhlangana obekusekele kukho kuyanyamalala. Ake sihlole ukuthi imibuzo ye-3 "Yokukhathazeka Ngokomzwelo" ibuza kanjani imiphumela ye-CPUI-9.

Umangalo #1: Okokuqala, kuye kwafunwa kaninginingi ukuthi "amahora wokusetshenziswa kocansi" bekungahlobene "nokulutha kwezilonda zocansi" (Izikolo eziphelele ze-CPUI-9). Yilokho akulona iqiniso njengoba izixhumanisi zisusiwe Ucwaningo lukaGrubbs "Ukweqa" wembula:

Eqinisweni, amahora okusetshenziswa kocansi a unamandla isibikezelo sokulutha kwezocansi (Ingqikithi ye-CPUI-9) kunenkolo. Lokhu kukodwa kudonsa izihloko eziningi ezivezwe yizifundo ze-CPUI-9 "ezibonakalayo zokulutha".

Ngenkathi kusekhona ukuhlangana phakathi kwenkolo nezikolo eziphelele ze-CPUI-9, kukhiqizwa kakhulu yimibuzo emi-3 “Yokukhathazeka Ngokomzwelo”. Le datha (ithathwe ku- Ucwaningo lukaGrubbs "Ukweqa" # 2) kuveza ukuthi imibuzo ye-3 "Yokucindezeleka Ngokomzwelo" ibuza kanjani ukuhlangana okuphansi kakhulu phakathi kwamahora wokusetshenziswa kocansi kanye nezikolo ze-CPUI-9 eziphelele:

Njengoba ubona umlutha wangempela wezocansi (njengoba uhlolwe imibuzo 1-6) uhlobene kakhulu namazinga okusetshenziswa kocansi.

Ngakho, ukusebenzisa i-Total CPUI-9 ngokungalungile kuholela ekungeneni Umangalo #2: ukuthi ukukholwa kuhlobene kakhulu “nokulutha kwezithombe zocansi.” Lokhu kuhlangana kuchazwe kabusha ngokuthi “abantu benkohliso bakholelwa ukuthi banomlutha wezocansi.”INether iyiqiniso njengoba umlutha wezocansi wangempela, empeleni, uhlobene ngamandla namazinga okusetshenziswa kocansi, futhi hhayi ehlobene nenkolo. Ukuqhathanisa izixhumanisi phakathi kokuziphatha okuyisisekelo kwe-CPUI-9 ("Imizamo Yokufinyelela ') kanye ne-Religiosity noma Amahora wokusebenzisa i-porn kukhombisa ukuthi inkolo ayihlangene nokulutha kwezocansi:

Ukulungiswa okubalwe ngenhla kubaluleke kakhulu kususa lesi sihloko sonke: Inkolo ayihlangene nakancane nokulutha kocansi! Futhi, imibuzo ethi "Imizamo Yokufinyelela" engu-4-6 ihlola izindlela zokuziphatha eziyisiyaluyalu (ukungakwazi ukulawula naphezu kwemiphumela emibi kakhulu). Kulesi sigaba sinikeza izizathu ezine ezenzeka ukuthi abasebenzisi bezithombe ezingcolile bangakwazi ukufaka amaphuzu aphezulu kumbuzo we-CPUI-9 we-addiction 1-6.

Uma izihloko zenkolo zazinethuba lokuthi "zizizwe zilutha" ezithombeni ezingcolile, inkolo kufanele ihambisane kakhulu nokulutha kocansi. Akukwenzi. Ukusho ngenye indlela, lezo zifundo eziyimilutha kakhulu ziyakwenza hhayi amaphuzu aphezulu ekukholweni.

Imithelela yezintandokazi #3: Ukuphoqelelwa kwangempela (imizamo yokuhluleka ukuzithiba x yokuyeka ukuzithiba) kuhambisana nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi "ukuphoqeleka okubonakalayo"

UFernandez et al., I-2017 ibonisa ukuthi yini ebonakalayo kulabo abaphuza i-porn: ukuzama kanzima ukuyeka, kodwa okwamanje ukuhluleka, kubonisa ukujula kokucindezela kwakho.

Okwesibili, lolu cwaningo lwaqala ukuzama ukuzibamba njengento eguqukayo ephathelene nokuqonda indlela ukucutshungulwa okungase kuthuthuke ngayo. Kuphawulwe ukuthi ezincwadini, imvamisa yokusetshenziswa kwe-IP kuphenywe ngaphandle kokubheka abahlanganyeli 'amazinga ahlukene wokuzikhandla. Ukufundwa kwamanje okufundwayo kubonisa ukuthi ukuzikhandla kokuzidela, futhi uma uxhumana nokuzama ukuyeka ukuzithiba, ubikezela ukucindezela okukhulu okubonakalayo. Sixoxile ngokuhlangenwe nakho kobunzima ekugwemeni noma ekufiseni izithombe zobulili ezingcolile njengendlela ecacile yokuthi indlela yokuzidela ingase ibikezele ukucindezelwa okukhulu okubonakalayo, ngoba ubunzima obuhlangenwe nakho bungabonisa ukuthi kungase kube nokucindezelwa ekusetshenzisweni kwabo kocansi . Kodwa-ke, njengamanje, indlela ngqo yokuzikhandla ekubhekaneni nokuphoqeleka komuntu okuqhubekayo ihlala ingacacile futhi iyindlela yokucwaninga okuqhubekayo.

SUMMARY: amaphuzu aphezulu ku- CPUI-9 “Perceived Compulsivity” ayehlobene kakhulu nezici ze- okwangempela ukuphoqeleka (kudinga umzamo omkhulu wokugwema izithombe ezingcolile, kepha ungakwazi ukwenza kanjalo). Kalula nje, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi “ukuphoqeleka okubonakalayo” kulingana ne- okwangempela ukuphoqeleka.

Iphuzu eliyinhloko: Uma ukholelwa ukuthi ungumlutha we-porn (ngoba uyisebenzisa ngokweqile), ungumlutha. Zonke izifundo zesikhathi esizayo kufanele ziyeke ukusebenzisa imishwana enganembile futhi ejikelezayo efana nokuthi "umlutha wezithombe zocansi" noma "ukukholelwa ekuluthweni kocansi" njengommeleli wezikolo ze-CPUI-9.

Njengokuzivocavoca ngokunemba sisusa imigomo ethwala imithwalo ezifundweni ezimbalwa “ezibonakalayo zokulutha”, ngakho-ke umfundi angakuqonda okutholakele ngokunembile:

Leonhardt et al., Kusho u-2017:

"Kubonakala sengathi abasebenzisi bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile bazizwa bekhathazekile ebudlelwaneni obusondele ekusebenziseni kwabo kuphela lapho bezikholelwa ukuthi banendlela yokusebenzisa ephoqelelayo, necindezelayo."

Leonhardt et al., I-2017 enegama elinembile elinembile:

Izidakamizwa ezingcolile zithola ubuhlobo bokukhathazeka ezungeze ukusetshenziswa kwazo kwe-porn.

Grubbs et al., 2015 wathi:

"Lokhu okutholakele kugcizelela kakhulu isimangalo sokuthi ukubonwa njengomlutha wezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-Intanethi cishe kunomthelela ekuhlushweni kwengqondo kwabanye abantu."

Grubbs et al., 2015 ngegama elinembile:

Umlutha wezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi uhambelana nokucindezeleka kwengqondo.

Imiphumela yomtholampilo #1:

UFernandez et al., 2017 isikisela ukuthi odokotela bangakholelwa iziguli lapho bethi banomlutha wezithombe zobulili ezingcolile.

Okokugcina, ukutholakala kwethu kuhlinzeka ngemiphumela ebalulekile yokwelashwa kwabantu ababika ukuthi banomlutha wezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi. Kube khona ubufakazi ezincwadini ezibonisa ukuthi sekube nenani elikhulayo labantu ababika ukuthi banomlutha wezithombe zobulili ezingcolile (Cavaglion, 2008, 2009; Kalman, 2008; Mitchell, Becker-Blease, & Finkelhor, 2005; Mitchell & Wells, 2007). Abahlengikazi basebenzelana nabantu ngabanye ababika ukuthi banomlutha wezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kudingeka bathathe ngokungathí sina le mibono yabo, kunokungabaza ngokunemba kwalezi zindlela zokuzibona. Okutholakele kwethu kusikisela ukuthi uma umuntu ebona ukuphoqeleka ekusebenziseni kwakhe kwe-IP, kungenzeka ukuthi le mibono ingase ibonakale impela ngokoqobo.

Ngendlela efanayo, odokotela kumele baqaphele ukuthi "ukucindezelwa okubonakalayo" kungabonakala njengombono owusizo ukuba, uma umbono ubonakalisa iqiniso. Abantu abathola ukucindezela ekusetshenzisweni kwabo kwe-IP bangase bazuze ekuziqapheliseni ukuthi bacindezela, futhi bangasebenzisa lokhu kuqonda ekuziphatheni kwabo ukuze banqume ukuthi badinga ukuthatha izinyathelo zokushintsha ukuziphatha kwabo. Abantu abangaqiniseki ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwabo kwe-IP kuphoqelekile noma akunakuzithoba ekuhlolweni kokuziphatha njengalowo osetshenziswe kulolu cwaningo, ngokuzibamba njengenhloso (isikhathi se-14 noma ngenye indlela). Izivivinyo ezinjalo zokuziphatha zingase zinikeze indlela ewusizo yokuqinisekisa ukuthi imibono isekelwe empeleni, ngokufunda okuhlangenwe nakho.

SUMMARY: Njengoba lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "ukuphoqeleka okubonakalayo" kulingana nokuphoqelelwa kwangempela ku UFernandez et al., I-2017, iziguli ezibiza ukuthi ziyisidakamizwa se-porn, empeleni kungenzeka zibe izidakamizwa ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile. Uma kukhona ukungabaza mayelana nokuba khona komlutha wangempela, odokotela kumele babe neklayenti ezama ukugwema i-porno isikhathi esithile eside.

Iphuzu eliyinhloko: “Ukulutheka okubonakalayo” akukho futhi ukusetshenziswa kwalo akufanele kubekezelelwe emibuthanweni yesayensi. Iziguli kufanele zikholelwe, kungakhathalekile ukuthi umuntu uthini noma uthini ngomqondo we-CPUI-9. Izinhlangano ezifana ne-AASECT, okuyi uye wamemezela ngokusemthethweni ukuthi ukulutheka kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile akukho, kungase kubangele ukulimala ezigulini futhi umphakathi.

Imiphumela yomtholampilo #2:

Ukusuka UFernandez et al., Ingxoxo ye-2017:

Okubalulekile, ukutholakala kwethu kusikisela ukuthi ukuzihlola kokuzicabangela kokuzibophezela kungase kube okulungile ngisho noma lowo muntu engavumelani nezithombe zobulili ezingcolile. Abahlengikazi akufanele basheshe basheshe bahlukane nokuzihlola kwabantu abanokuziphatha okungavumelani nezithombe zobulili ezingcolile njengokuhumusha ngokweqile ngokwemvelo ngenxa yezinkolelo zabo zokuziphatha.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, odokotela kumele bahlale bekhumbula ukuthi ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo okuhlobene nezithombe zobulili ezingcolile okusetshenziselwa amaklayenti, ikakhulukazi abaziphatha kabi ngezithombe ezingcolile, kubonakala sengathi bahlukile ekuzihloleni kokuzicabangela kokucindezela. Ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo, okungenani ngendlela elinganiswa ngayo ne-CPUI-9, akuyona neze umphumela wokusebenzisa i-IP ngokuphoqelela, futhi kufanele iphathwe njengenkinga ehlukile.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, odokotela kumele baqaphele ukuthi umuntu angabhekana nokucindezelwa kwangempela ekusetshenzisweni kwabo kwe-IP ngaphandle kokuzwa imizwelo njengamahloni noma ukucindezeleka okuhlobene nokusetshenziswa kwabo kwe-IP.

SUMMARY: Okokuqala, odokotela kufanele bazihloniphe ukuzihlola kweziguli (ngisho nezenkolo) lapho bezizwa belutha kwezocansi uma bungekho ubufakazi obuqinile bokuphikisana nalokho. Abahlengikazi akufanele bavumele ukuthanda kwabo noma imibono yokuziphatha kwesiguli ukuthi ithonye ukuhlolwa kwabo. Okwesibili, "ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo" okuhlolwe yimibuzo emithathu yecala le-CPUI-9 nehlazo akuhlangene nhlobo ne-porn yangempela, noma ebonakalayo, ukulutha umlutha. Abahlengikazi bayanxuswa ukuthi bagweme ukuhlanganisa ukulutha kocansi okungokoqobo noma okubonakalayo necala nehlazo - njengoba kwenziwe izifundo ze-CPUI-9.

Isiphetho sendaba: Ukwenqatshwa kokuziphatha akuhlangene nakancane nokulutha kocansi okubonakalayo. Izimangalo zokuthi isimilo sidlala indima yokuba umlutha wezocansi kuvela ekusetshenzisweni kwe-CPUI-9 kwemibuzo engafanele yehlazo nemibuzo yecala ("Ukukhathazeka Ngokomzwelo") ukuhlola umlutha. Abahlengikazi balimaza iziguli ngokusikisela ukuthi ubunzima babo obuhlobene nocansi buvela ekungavunyelweni kokuziphatha, amahloni noma icala lapho empeleni kuvela ekucindezelweni kwangempela.

ISIQEPHU 4: Imicabango Yokugcina

Kubalulekile ukuzindla ukuthi insimbi engalungile efana ne-CPUI-9 yaphakanyiswa kanjani endaweni enjalo yethonya emkhakheni wezocansi kanye nezihloko ezihlobene nendawo ejwayelekile. Njengoba fernandez et al. kukhombisa, umzimba we-CPUI-9 wocwaningo awusona isayensi eqinile. Futhi akuyona i-CPUI-9 eyake yaqinisekiswa njengokwazi ukuhlukanisa kwangempela kusuka ekulutha "okubonakalayo". Kodwa izimangalo ezisuselwe kwiziphumo ze-CPUI-9 zifakwe njengamaqiniso angaphiliki, amathonya eminye imibuthano (obokuqala ngaphambilini lezi zimangalo zibonakala zisekela).

Yini eyenzeka ngempela? Njengoba fernandez et al. iveza ukuthi i-CPUI-9 ibonakala ihlose ukukhiqiza izimangalo ngabantu abakholwayo - ngokukhethekile, okuhloswe ukuphazamisa imiphumela "yokuqaphela umlutha" ngokuphathelene nezifundo zenkolo nokudweba iziphetho ezifinyelela kude. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amaqembu asebenzisa i-CPUI-9 noma ngabe ayihlosile lokhu, imiphumela "yokulutha umlutha" iphumelele kakhulu ekupheleni kwalokhu, futhi akumangazi ukuthi labo abajabulela umphumela onjalo thola iziphetho ezikhangayo futhi ezifanele ukukhangiswa okuqhubekayo.

Umthuthukisi we-CPUI-9 uphelile ngokwezenkolo, futhi akunakwenzeka ukuthi uzimisele, ngokungazi noma ngokungazi, ukuletha ukukhushulwa okuqinile okungokwenkolo okufana naye ngokwakhe ngokucwaninga kwakhe. Amanye ama-akhawunti ajwayelekile, amcaphuna kakhulu, aqhubekile nakakhulu, ephakamisa ukuthi "ukulutha kwakhe okubonakalayo" okutholakele yibufakazi bokuthi iyiphi ukukhathazeka mayelana nokusetshenziswa kocansi kunomthelela (noma ngisho ukukhiqiza) inkolelo ekuluthweni kocansi. Lokhu kuqinisekiswa okungasekelwa kuvikela kakhulu abasebenzisi be-porn (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bangokwenkolo noma abangahloniphi) ababhekene nezinkinga ezihlukahlukene, futhi bazama ukuqonda imiphumela ye-porn. Abaningi abasebenzisi abangamhloniphi banamuhla abanalo ihlazo mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwabo kobulili, ngaphandle kokucindezeleka kwabo ngokuhluleka kwabo ukulawula ukusetshenziswa kwabo kocansi lapho bezama ukwenza kanjalo.

Ngokudabukisayo, bambalwa abagxekayo abazimisele ukuhlola isakhiwo lapho iziphakamiso ze-CPUI-9 kanye nezincazelo ezijwayelekile zisekelwe. Esikhundleni salokho, iningi labangqondo bezengqondo kanye nezintatheli zithatha izinsolo zokubheka okubhekene nesimo esibhekene nalokho okushiwo yilolu buchwepheshe obuphambene kakhulu, empeleni, bufakazi bokuhlazeka-ngokusekelwe "ukulutha okubonakalayo."Kodwa ngisho nakubonakala kancane, kubonakala ukuthi akukho mkhakha owodwa (futhi ngokuqinisekile awuwona amaphuzu e-questionnaire ephikisayo kakhulu efana no-CPUI-9) angase aveze umehluko phakathi" kokuqondakalayo "nokulutha kwangempela, akeke wamukeleke -kufundisa izimangalo okukhulunywe kuzo.

Konke lokhu kusho ukuthi umsebenzi ofana nawo fernandez et al. kubalulekile. Izimangalo eziphakanyisiwe kakhulu ezinjengezo mayelana ne-CPUI-9 idatha azivumelekile ngaphandle kokuthi ukuhlolwa kwesithuluzi abaphumuzayo kuhlolwe futhi imiphumela ihlolwe ngokucophelela kwezinye, izincazelo eziningi ezicacile. Sibonga u fernandez et al. manje sekusobala ukuthi, njengethuluzi lokucwaninga, i-CPUI-9 inamaphutha futhi ayithembekile. Njengososayensi onokwethenjelwa kanye nezemfundo, umdali wayo ngokwakhe akungabazeki ukuthi uyakubona lokhu.