Amazwana we-YBOP: Ucwaningo olusha lubika izinyathelo eziningi zobuntu ezimbi ezihambisana nokusetshenziswa kocansi okukhulu (ukusetshenziswa kocansi lwe-inthanethi), njenge: ukukhathazeka okukhulu nokukhathazeka, ubudlova obuphakeme- ubutha, ukwehla kwezenhlalo, izindlela zokubhekana nokungasebenzi kahle, njll.
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J Behav Addict. 2019 Dec 23: 1-10. i-doi: 10.1556 / 2006.8.2019.69.
Isifundo J1, IMarmet S1, UWicki M1, Gmel G1,2,3,4.
abstract
UMLANDO NEMIBUZO:
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Cybersex (CU) kudlange kakhulu kubantu baseSwitzerland, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwezinsizwa. I-CU ingaba nemiphumela emibi uma ingalawulwa. Lolu cwaningo lilinganise ukwanda kwe-CU, imvamisa ye-CU (FCU), ne-CU eyinkinga (PCU) kanye nama-correlates abo.
IZINDLELA:
Isampuli engakhethi yezinsizwa zaseSwitzerland (N = 5,332, mean age = 25.45) uqedile uhlu lwemibuzo oluhlola i-FCU ne-PCU, i-sociodemographics (iminyaka, isifunda solimi, nemfundo), ezocansi (ukuba sebudlelwaneni, inani labalingani bezocansi, kanye nokuziphatha ngocansi), ukubhekana nokungasebenzi kahle (ukuziphika, ukuzimela -ukuhlukaniswa, ukungaziphathi kahle kokuziphatha, nokuzisola), nezimpawu zobuntu (ulaka / ubutha, ukuzijabulisa, ukukhathazeka / ukukhathazeka, nokufuna ukuzwa). Izinhlangano zihlolwe kusetshenziswa isithiyo kanye namamodeli wokuhlehla okuphindwe kabili we-binomial.
IZIPHUMA:
Okungenani i-CU yanyanga zonke yabikwa yi-78.6% yabahlanganyeli. I-CU yayihlotshaniswa kahle nokufunda ngemuva (kwesikole samabanga aphansi), ukukhuluma isiJalimane (kukhulunywa isiFulentshi), ubungqingili, ubungqingili (vs. ubungqingili), umuntu ongaphezu koyedwa kwezocansi (vs. munye), ukukopisha ukungasebenzi kahle ( ngaphandle kokuphikwa), nazo zonke izimfanelo zobuntu ngaphandle kokuhlalisana kahle, kepha ngokungahambi kahle ngokuba ebudlelwaneni (vs. hhayi), ubudala, nobuntu. I-FCU yayihlotshaniswa kahle nobungqingili, ubungqingili, akekho umuntu noma umlingani oyedwa wezocansi, ukungasebenzi kahle (ngaphandle kokuphikwa), nazo zonke izici zobuntu ngaphandle komphakathi, kepha ngokungahambisani nobudala, ukuba sebudlelwaneni, kanye nokuhlalisana. I-PCU yayihlotshaniswa kahle nokuzigqaja sobabili, abalingani abane noma ngaphezulu kwezocansi, ukungasebenzi kahle, kanye nazo zonke izici zobuntu ngaphandle kokuhlalisana kahle, kepha ngokungahambi kahle nokukhuluma isiJalimane kanye nobuntu.
ISIVUMELWANO NOKUXHUMANA:
I-CU kufanele ibhekwe ngokuya ngokuhlangana kwayo nezimo zenhlalo yabantu, ezocansi nezengqondo. Ochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwempilo kufanele bacabangele lezi zici ukuvumelanisa ukungenelela kwabo nezidingo zeziguli.
IZIHLOKO: Cohort Study on Substance-Use Risk Factors; ukubhekana; i-cybersex; ubuntu; ubulili; socialodemographics
I-PMID: 31868514
I-DOI: 10.1556/2006.8.2019.69
Isingeniso
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-cybersex (CU) kusho ukusetshenziswa kwe-Intanethi ukwenza imisebenzi eyanelisa ezocansi, kufaka phakathi izithombe zocansi noma ukuthumela imiyalezo yocansi (Izinhlamvu, iDelmonico, neGriffin, 2007; Cooper, Delmonico, Griffin-Shelley, & Mathy, 2004; UCooper noGriffin-Shelley, ngo-2002). Yize i-CU ingavikeleki kubasebenzisi abaningi, ukufinyeleleka, ukungaziwa, kanye nokutholakala kwezithombe zocansi ze-Intanethi kungaholela kwi-CU eyinkinga (PCU) nemiphumela elimazayo kwabanye abantu (Allen, Kannis-Dymand, & Katsikitis, 2017; Cooper, i-1998; Cooper, Scherer, Boies, & Gordon, 1999). Lolu cwaningo luhlose ukulinganisa ukubhebhetheka kwe-CU, imvamisa ye-CU (FCU), ne-PCU phakathi kwamadoda asencane aseSwitzerland, kanye nokuzihlanganisa kwabo nokuhlukahluka kwezenhlalo, ezocansi, nezengqondo.
Amanani esandulela e-CU ahluka kakhulu phakathi kwezifundo ukusuka ku-33% kuya ku-75% (bheka UWry noBillieux, 2017 ukuze kubuyekezwe). Kodwa-ke, iningi lezifundo ezifakiwe kulolo ukubuyekeza lusebenzisa amasampula amancane noma angameleli. Yize iqembu elikhulu lokucwaninga libonisa ukuhlangana okuhle phakathi kwe-CU kanye nemiphumela emibi nezimpawu zomlutha, okwamanje akukho ukuvumelana mayelana nomqondo kanye nokuxilongwa kokuluthwa ngokweqile kwe-cybersex noma ukuphoqelelwa (Grubbs, Stauner, Exline, Pargament, naseLindberg, 2015; UWry noBillieux, 2017). Izinhlaka ezahlukahlukene zembono ziye zaholela ekuqondeni nasekusebenzeni amatemu ahlukile, isib. Ukulutha ngokocansi kwi-Intanethi, ukulutha kwezithombe zocansi online, ukuphoqelelwa ngokocansi online (OSC), kanye ne-CU ephoqelelayo (de Alarcón, de la Iglesia, Casado, & Montejo, 2019; UDelmonico noMiller, 2003; UFernandez noGriffiths, 2019; UWry noBillieux, 2017). Ezincwadini, inkinga ukusetshenziswa kuvame ukusetshenziswa esikhundleni samagama athile acacisiwe njengokuthi Ukuba umlutha wezithombe or ukunyanzeliswa (UFernandez noGriffiths, 2019). Ukubandakanya wonke amaqondo womqondo, leli phepha lisebenzisa igama ukusetshenziswa okuyinkinga kwe-cybersex (PCU). I-PCU ibhekisa ekusetshenzisweni ngokweqile nokungalawulwa kwe-cybersex okuholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu zenhlalo, zomuntu siqu, nezomsebenzi, ezihambisana nezimpawu ezifana nezinye zezilutha, okungukuthi, isifiso esiphikelelayo noma imizamo engaphumelelanga yokulawula i-CU, imicabango ephikelelayo nephazamisayo ehlobene ne-CU, I-CU yokulawulwa kwemizwelo, izimpawu zokuhoxa, ukubekezelelana, neminye imiphumela emibi (Amakhadi, i-2000; ICarnes et al., 2007; UGrov et al., 2008; UWry noBillieux, 2017). Amanani okusondela we-PCU aqala kusuka ku-5.6% kuya ku-17% (bona UWry noBillieux, 2017 ukuze kubuyekezwe).
Ucwaningo lwangaphambilini luveze ukuthi i-CU ne-PCU bezihlotshaniswa nezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene zocansi nezenhlalo. Amanani akhonjiswe aphezulu kunabesilisa kunabesifazane (UDöring, Daneback, Shaughnessy, Grov, & Byers, 2017; UGiordano noCashwell, 2017; ULuder et al., 2011; Morgan, i-2011; IWolak, iMitchell, neFinkelhor, 2007) naphakathi kwalabo ababika amazinga aphezulu emfundo (UTræen, uNilsen, noStigum, 2006). I-CU nayo yayihlotshaniswa nobudala. Amanani okubalwa kwangaphambi kokutholwa atholwe enyuka ukusuka eminyakeni eyi-10 kuye kwayi-17 (UWolak et al., 2007) kanye nokwehla ngemuva kweminyaka engu-18 kuya ku-24 (UDaneback, Cooper, noMånsson, 2005). Ngokuqondene nezinto ezihlobene nobulili, kutholakale ukuthi ubungqingili noma ubungqingili (ICooper, iDelmonico, neBurg, 2000; UDaneback et al., 2005; UGiordano noCashwell, 2017; UPeter & Valkenburg, 2011), ukungashadi (IBallester-Arnal, uCastro-Calvo, iGil-Llario, neGiménez-García, ngo-2014; UCooper et al., 2000; Cooper, Griffin-Shelley, Delmonico, & Mathy, 2001), kanye nabalingani abaningi bezocansi (IBraun-Courville neRojas, ngo-2009; UDaneback et al., 2005) bonke babehlotshaniswa kahle ne-CU noma i-PCU.
Njengokuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa izidakamizwa, njengokuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa kabi utshwala kanye ne-cannabis-use disorder (isib, Cooper, Frone, Russell, & Mudar, 1995; UZvolensky et al., 2007), izizathu ze-CU zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili ezibanzi zokuqiniswa okuhle nokubi (bona IGrubbs, iWright, iBraden, iWilt, neKraus, i-2019 ukubuyekeza). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ucansi oluku-inthanethi luvame ukusetshenziselwa izinjongo ezigxile ekuzijabuliseni, njengokuzanelisa ngokobulili, ukuzijabulisa nokuvuselela inkanuko. Grubbs, Wright, et al. (2019) babike uchungechunge lwezifundo, olukhombisa ukuthi izici zobuntu ezixhunyaniswe ekuthambekweni okufuna ubumnandi, njengokufuna umuzwa kanye ne-narcissism, zazihlotshaniswa kahle ne-CU. Lokhu kusekela ukuthi ukufuna umuzwa kungahle kunqume abantu abathile ekusebenziseni i-cybersex ngezinhloso ezenzelwe ukujabulisa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-cybersex nayo ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukubhekana nezinjongo zokulawulwa kwemizwa (IGrubbs, iWright, et al., 2019). Ngokuhambisana nalesi siphakamiso, ucwaningo oluningi selukhombisile ukuthi hhayi kuphela ukucindezelwa, ukukhungatheka, kanye nokukhulula isithukuthezi izisusa ze-CU, kodwa futhi nezimo ezihambisana nokuthinteka okungekuhle, njengezimpawu ezicindezelayo (isib. UVarfi et al., 2019; Weaver et al., 2011) nokweneliseka okuphansi kwempilo (isib UPeter & Valkenburg, 2011), zihlobene ne-CU ngokuqondile.
Ngokuya ngalokhu okutholakele, umuntu angalindela ukuthi abantu abasebenzisa amasu okubhekana nokungasebenzi kahle noma abanezici zobuntu ezixhunyaniswe nokuthambeka okungalungile bathambekele ku-CU ne-PCU. Kodwa-ke, ukubuyekezwa nguGrubbs, Wright, et al. (2019) akabikanga bufakazi bezinhlangano zezici zobuntu ezisekela ukubhekana nezisusa zokuphatha imizwa (isb., i-neuroticism) ne-CU. Yize kunjalo, izifundo ezintathu zakamuva zibike izinhlangano ezinjalo. Wéry, Deleuze, Canale, noBillieux (2018) ithole ubudlelwane obuhle obuphakathi kwe-PCU nokuxhamazela okuphezulu okungatheni, isici sokuphoqelela okukhombisa ukuthambekela kokungaziphathi kahle lapho ubhekene nemizwa engemihle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-Egan noParmar (2013) kanye noShimoni, Dayan, Cohen, no Weinstein (2018) kukhombise ubudlelwane obuhle obuphakathi kwe-CU ne-neuroticism ephezulu. Ngakho-ke, yize izinhlangano phakathi kwezimpawu zobuntu ezixhumene nezinhloso ezenzelwe ukujabulisa kanye ne-CU ne-PCU zisekelwe yimithombo eguqukayo eminingana, abukho ubufakazi obuncane obuxhasa ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-CU ne-PCU namasu wokuphikisana nokungasebenzi kahle nezimpawu zobuntu ezixhumene nobumbano obubi.
Ucwaningo lwangaphambilini lukhombisile ukuthi i-CU ne-PCU bezihambisana nezinto ezahlukahlukene zokuhlalisana kwabantu, ezocansi nezengqondo. Kodwa-ke, lezi zifundo zisashoda futhi zilinganiselwe ngoba iningi labo lisebenzise amasampula amancane okulula. Lolu cwaningo luhlose ukunqoba le mikhawulo kusetshenziswa isampula enkulu, engakhethi yezinsizwa zaseSwitzerland ukulinganisa amazinga okuxhaphaka kwe-CU, i-FCU, ne-PCU futhi kuhlolisiswe ukuzihlanganisa kwabo ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuhlalisana kwabantu ngokwezenhlalo, ezocansi nezengqondo. Mayelana nokuhlukahluka kobudlelwano bempilo yezenhlalo kanye nezocansi, sibonisa ukuthi izinga eliphakeme lemfundo, ukungashadi, ukuzibandakanya ocansini olungafani nobungqingili, abangane bomlingani abangaphezu koyedwa bazohlotshaniswa kahle ne-CU, i-FCU, ne-PCU, kanti iminyaka yobudala izohlangana kabi. Mayelana nokuhlukahluka kwengqondo, silindele ukuzihlanganisa okuhle kokungasebenzi kahle, izici zobuntu ezihlobene nokuqondiswa kokufuna injabulo, kanye nobudlelwano obubi nge-CU, FCU, ne-PCU
izindlela
Imininingwane ithathwe embuthanweni wesithathu we-Cohort Study on Substance-Use Risk Factors. ESwitzerland, ukuhlolwa kokufanelekela ukuya emkhosini, kwezomphakathi, noma akukho msebenzi kuyaphoqelelwa kuzo zonke izinsizwa, kunikeza ithuba eliyingqayizivele lokubhalisa isampula elingakhethi inani labantu bezwe abaneminyaka engu-19 ubudala. Kusukela ngo-Agasti 2010 nangoNovemba 2011, zonke izinsizwa ezazibika ezikhungweni zokuqasha zaseLausanne (abakhuluma isiFulentshi), iWindisch, kanye noMels (abakhuluma isiJalimane) bamenywa ukuthi babambe iqhaza kulolu cwaningo. Bangu-7,556 abanikeze imvume ebhaliwe. Ucwaningo lwe-C-SURF lwaluzimele ezinqubweni zamasosha: izikhungo zokuqashwa zazisetshenziselwa ukwazisa nokubhalisa ababambiqhaza, kepha bagcwalisa amaphepha abo emibuzo ngaphandle komongo wamasosha. Imininingwane egcwele mayelana nezinqubo zokubhalisa kanye nocwaningo selubikwe ngaphambilini (UGmel et al., 2015; Umfundi, uBaggio, et al., 2013; Umfundi, uMohler-Kuo, et al., 2013). Isamba samadoda ayi-5,516 (inani lama-73.0% lokuphendula) sigcwalise uhlu lwemibuzo lwesithathu-phakathi kuka-Ephreli 2016 noMashi 2018. Ngenxa yamanani alahlekile okungenani okushintshanayo kwenzalo, abaphendulile abayi-184 (3.3% yabaphendulwayo) abafakiwe. Isampula lokugcina lokuhlaziya lalibandakanya abahlanganyeli abangama-5,332 (ama-96.7% abaphendulile). Iminyaka yobudala obambe iqhaza yayineminyaka engama-25.45. Kwakunabangu-3,046 (57.1%) abakhuluma isiFulentshi nabangu-2,286 (42.9%) abahlanganyeli abakhuluma isiJalimane. Ingqikithi yababambiqhaza abayi-173 (3.2%), 2,156 (40.4%), kanye nabangu-3,003 (56.3%) ababikele ukubamba iqhaza esikoleni samabanga aphansi, ukuqeqeshelwa amakhono, kanye nokwenza isikole sasemuva sekwedlule njengezinga eliphakeme lemfundo, ngokulandelana (Ithebula 1).
|
Ithebula 1. Izici ezichazayo zesampula (N = 5,332)
| I-Cronbach's α | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| I-Cyber yobulili | |||
| Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Cybersex | |||
| Okungenani ngenyanga (abasebenzisi; N,%) | 4,190 | 78.6 | |
| Ngaphansi kwenyanga (okungewona abasebenzisi; N,%) | 1,142 | 21.4 | |
| Imvamisa yanyanga zonke yokusetshenziswa kwe-inthanethi phakathi kwabasebenzisi be-inthanethi (M, SD)a | 9.69 | 7.93 | |
| Ukusetshenziswa okuyinkinga kwe-inthanethi ngocansi (PCU) phakathi kwabasebenzisi | .63 | ||
| Inani lezitatimende ze-PCU ezivunyelwe (M, SD) | 0.76 | 1.13 | |
| Azikho izitatimende ze-PCU ezivunyelwe (N,%) | 2,397 | 57.2 | |
| Isitatimende esisodwa noma eziningi ze-PCU zivunyelwe (N,%) | 1,793 | 42.8 | |
| Izitatimende ezintathu noma ngaphezulu ze-PCU zivunyelwe (N,%) | 374 | 8.9 | |
| Izinguquko eziguqukayo | |||
| Ezokuxhumana ze-Sociodemographic nezocansi | |||
| Isifunda solimi (abakhuluma isiJalimane) (N,%) | 2,286 | 42.9 | |
| Iminyaka (M, SD) | 25.45 | 1.25 | |
| Izinga eliphakeme kakhulu lemfundo (N,%) | |||
| Amabanga aphansi | 173 | 3.2 | |
| Ukuqeqeshelwa umsebenzi wezandla | 2,156 | 40.4 | |
| Imfundo esezingeni eliphakeme | 3,003 | 56.3 | |
| Ukuba sebudlelwaneni (N,%) | 898 | 16.8 | |
| Isimo sezocansi (N,%) | |||
| Heterosexual | 4,757 | 89.2 | |
| ngithanda abesilisa nabesifazane | 450 | 8.4 | |
| Ubungqingili | 125 | 2.3 | |
| Inani labalingani ocansini ngonyaka odlule (N,%) | |||
| 0 | 701 | 13.1 | |
| 1 | 2,879 | 54.0 | |
| 2-3 | 1,049 | 19.7 | |
| 4+ | 703 | 13.2 | |
| Izici zengqondo | |||
| Ukubhekana nokungasebenzi kahle | |||
| Ukwenqaba (M, SD) | 2.96 | 1.21 | .64 |
| Ukuziphazamisa (M, SD) | 4.89 | 1.50 | .43 |
| Ukuyekiswa kokuziphatha (M, SD) | 3.22 | 1.27 | .60 |
| Ukuzisola (M, SD) | 4.44 | 1.71 | .78 |
| Ubuntu | |||
| I-Neuroticism – Ukukhathazeka (M, SD) | 2.19 | 2.17 | .73 |
| Ulaka-Ubutha (M, SD) | 3.77 | 2.16 | .60 |
| Ukuzibandakanya (M, SD) | 4.94 | 2.24 | .65 |
| Ukufuna ukuzwa (M, SD) | 2.99 | 0.81 | .79 |
Inothi. M: kusho; SD: ukuphambuka okujwayelekile.
aNgezinsuku zokusebenzisa.
Izilinganiso
Abahlanganyeli babethathwa njengabasebenzisi be-cybersex uma bengaphezu kwabasebenzisi be-sporadic, ngoba ukusetshenziswa kwe-sporadic kucatshangwa njengokungelona ingozi. Ababambe iqhaza babuzwa: "Uke wavakashela izingosi zezocansi okungenani kanye ngenyanga ezinyangeni eziyi-12 ezedlule." Labo abaphendule ngokuthi “yebo” babhekwa njengabasebenzisi be-cybersex futhi babuzwa ngeFCU yabo yanyanga zonke besebenzisa lo mbuzo olandelayo: “Zingaki izinsuku ngenyanga uvakashela izingosi ze-Internet ezingcolile?” I-FCU ikhombisa inani lezinsuku ze-CU, lisuka ku-1 liye ku-31. Kwabasebenzisi abangasebenzisi, ukuhlukahluka kweFCU kwakukhishwe kungu-0.
I-PCU yahlolwa kusetshenziswa isikali se-OSC se-Intanethi sex Screening Test (ISST; UDelmonico noMiller, 2003) okubandakanya izitatimende eziyisithupha eziyiqiniso noma zamanga ezihlola ukuba khona kwezimpawu zakudala zomlutha (I-American Psychiatric Association, i-2013; UBaggio et al., 2018): Ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo, ukuguqulwa kwemizwelo, ukulahleka kolawulo, ukukhathazeka, ukuhoxa, nemiphumela. Njengoba kungekho ukunqunyelwa okuqinisekisiwe kwe-ISST, i-PCU ayizange icatshangwe njengesifo esibuhlungu (taxon), kepha kunalokho njengokuziphatha okuyisilinganiso (okungukuthi, isamba sezitatimende ezivunyiwe) kusuka ku--ngavikeleki”(0) ku-“inkinga”(6). Ukuhlukahluka okuhlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili, okukhombisa ukuvumelana (a) kophawu olulodwa kanye (b) nezimpawu okungenani ezintathu, zenzelwe nezinjongo ezichazayo.
Ezokuxhumana zeSocododographic nezocansi.Ukuhlukahluka kwesococodograph kanye nezocansi kufaka phakathi ubudala, isifunda sezilimi (abakhuluma isiFulentshi, abakhuluma isiJalimane), izinga eliphakeme lemfundo elizuzwe (isikole samabanga aphansi, ukuqeqeshelwa amakhono, kanye nesikole sangemva kwesibili), isibalo sabalingani abathandana nabo kwezocansi ezinyangeni eziyi-12 ezedlule (0, 1, 2–3, 4 noma ngaphezulu), ukuthi usebudlelwaneni (ushadile noma uhlala nomlingani vs single, ohlukanisile, ohlukanisiwe, noma ongumfelokazi), kanye nokuthanda ukuya ocansini (abathandana nabobulili obuhlukile, ubungqingili, noma ubungqingili).
Izici zengqondo.I-Neuroticism - ukukhathazeka, ubutha-ubutha (kuhlobene nokuthikamezeka okungekuhle), impilo yomphakathi (ehlobene nezinhloso ezenzelwe ukujabulisa) izici zobuntu zahlolwa kusetshenziswa izinguqulo zesiFulentshi nezesiJalimane zenkambiso yesiko, ifinqiwe yeZuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (U-Aluja et al., 2006). Isici ngasinye silinganiswa kusetshenziswa izitatimende eziyi-10 eziyiqiniso noma ezingamanga, futhi isibalo esikhona sezitatimende ezivunyelwe zazisuka ku-0-10. Ukufunwa kwesinxephezelo (kuhlobene nezinhloso ezenzelwe injabulo) kukalwa kusetshenziswa i-8-nto ye-Brief Sensation Ukufuna Scale (BSSS); UHoyle, uStephenson, uPalmgreen, uLorch, noDonohew, 2002). Abahlanganyeli baphendule into ngayinye kusikali esinohlobo lwamaphuzu ayi-5 (kusuka ku-aphikisani kakhulu"Ukuze"kuvuma kakhulu"). Izikolo ezisukela ku-1 kuye ku-5 zabalwa izimpendulo eziphindaphindekayo zezinto eziyisishiyagalombili.
Ukusetshenziswa kwabahlanganyeli kwamasu wokuphamba angasebenzi kahle kukalwa kusetshenziswa izindlela zokuphika, ukuzikhipha, ukungaziphathi, nezikali zokuzibona zivela kuhlu lwemibuzo olufushane lwe-Brop COPE (I-Carver, i-1997; Uhlobo lwesiJalimane: UKnoll, uRieckmann, noSchwarzer, ngo-2005; Uhlobo lwesiFulentshi: UMuller noSpitz, 2003). Isikali ngasinye sinezitatimende ezimbili eziphathelene nendlela abantu ababhekana ngayo nengcindezi, futhi izitatimende zikalwe esikalini samaphoyinti amane ukusuka ku- “Ngokuvamile angikwenzi lokhu"Ukuze"Imvamisa ngikwenza lokhu kakhulu. ” Izikolo ezilinganiswayo zaziyizinga lezikolo ezimbili zezitatimende futhi zisukela ku-2 ziye ku-8.
Azikho izinguqulo zesiFulentshi nezesiJalimane zesilinganiso se-OSC ne-BSSS ekuqaleni kocwaningo. Kulezi zikalo, izinhlobo zokuqala zesiNgisi zahunyushelwa kwisiFulentshi nesiJalimane yiqembu le-C-SURF. Ngemuva kwalokho, izinguqulo zesiFulentshi nezesiJalimane zabuyiselwa emuva zahunyushwa ngabantu bezilimi ezimbili zeqembu. Ukungafani phakathi kwezinguqulo zokuqala nezinguqulo ezihunyushiwe kwaxoxwa kuze kutholakale isivumelwano.
Izibalo ezichazayo zisetshenzisiwe ukubonisa isampula. Ukuthembeka kwesikali ngasinye sezinto eziningi kuhlolwe kusetshenziswa i-Cronbach's α. I-FCU ikhombise inani elijwayelekile lezinsuku ze-CU ngenyanga (okungebona abasebenzisi babhalwe ikhodi 0), kanti i-PCU ikhombisa inani lezimpawu ezivunyelwe. I-FCU yahlaziywa kusetshenziswa amamodeli weHurdle, ayethandwa ngaphezu kwePoisson ejwayelekile, i-negative binomial (NB), noma amamodeli wokubala angenawo u-zero ngoba imodeli efanayo ivumela ukuhlaziywa kwabo bobabili abasebenzisi be-cybersex uma kuqhathaniswa nabangewona abasebenzisi kanye ne-FCU phakathi kwabasebenzisi be-cybersex. Kumamodeli we-Hurdle, ingxenye kanambambili - ehlukanisa phakathi kokubonwa okungezona okungu-zero no-zero (okungukuthi, abasebenzisi be-cybersex nabangewona abasebenzisi) - isebenzisa ukuhleleka kwezinto, kanti ingxenye yokubala isebenzisa ukusatshalaliswa kokubalwa okuyi-zero-truncated count (Poisson noma NB). Ngokuya nge-Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), ukusatshalaliswa kwe-NB okuncishisiwe kugciniwe. I-PCU yahlaziywa kubasebenzisi be-inthanethi kuphela (N = 4,190). Ukusatshalaliswa kokubala okuhlukahlukene okuhlukahlukene [okusho ukuthi, iPoisson, i-zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP), i-NB, ne-zero-inflated NB (ZINB)] kuhlolwe ukuthi kusetshenzisiwe yini kusetshenziswa i-BIC, futhi amamodeli wokubuyela emuva we-NB agcinelwe ukuhlaziya i-PCU. I-SPSS version 25 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) ibisetshenziselwa ukufaka amakhodi wedatha kanye nezibalo ezichazayo kanti iStata 15 (iStataCorp LP, iCollege Station, i-TX, eU.SA) ibisetshenziselwa izinhlobo zeHurdle neNB.
Izinhlobo ezimbili zahlolwa i-FCU ne-PCU. I-Model 1 ihlole izinhlangano ezi-bivariate zokuguquguquka kwesimo ngasinye, kanti i-Model 2 ihlole ukuzihlanganisa kwe-predor eguquguqukayo ngayinye, kulungiswa ngasikhathi sinye ngokuhlukahluka kwezenhlalo nemidwebo yezocansi, okuwukuthi, izinga eliphakeme kakhulu lemfundo, isifunda sezilimi, ukuthi sisebudlelwaneni, ubulili, yabalingani bobulili, nobudala. Izinhlangano zabikwa njengezilinganiso ezingathandeki (ama-ORs), ezingxenyeni zokuqala zamamodeli we-Hurdle ahlaziya abasebenzisi be-cybersex nabangewona abasebenzisi. Izilinganiso zezilinganiso (ama-IRR) zabikwa kumamodeli we-NB. Ukuze unike amandla ukuqhathanisa amandla ezinhlangano, ukuguquguquka kwesibikezeli okuqhubekayo bekukhona z-cashile (ie, M = 0, SD = 1).
I-C-SURF ivunyelwe yiKomidi Lezimvo Lezemfundo laseLausanne University Medical School for Clinical Research (inombolo yocwaningo lwenqubo: 15/07).
Imiphumela
Cishe i-78.6% yesampula ibike okungenani i-CU yanyanga zonke ezinyangeni eziyi-12 ezedlule. Abasebenzisi beCybersex babike izinsuku ezingama-9.69 ze-CU ngenyanga futhi bavumela ukuthi kube nezitatimende ze-PCU ezi-0.76. Ngaphezu kwesigamu sabasebenzisi be-cybersex (57.2%) bavume izitatimende ze-zero PCU, kanti ama-42.8% axhasa isitatimende esisodwa noma ngaphezulu; I-8.9% ivume izitatimende ezintathu noma ngaphezulu (Ithebula 1).
Kumamodeli we-Hurdle, esikoleni se-post-secondary school (vs. primary) kanye nokuhlala esifundeni esikhuluma isiJalimane (vs. abakhuluma isiFulentshi) bahlotshaniswa kakhulu nokungezwani okuphezulu kwe-CU, kepha hhayi neFCU (Ithebula 2). Iminyaka nokuba sebuhlotsheni yayihlotshaniswa kakhulu nokungahambi kahle kwe-CU ne-FCU ephansi. Ngokuphikisana nesimo sobungqingili, ukuthambekela kokuphikisana nobungqingili kuhlotshaniswe kakhulu nokungezwani okuphezulu kwe-CU neFCU ephakeme. Ukubika abantu abangaphezulu koyedwa kwezocansi ezinyangeni eziyi-12 ezedlule (vs. eyodwa) kuhlotshaniswe kakhulu nokungezwani okuphezulu kwe-CU neFCU ephakeme. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukubika ozakwabo bezocansi abahlobene kakhulu ne-FCU ephakeme kepha hhayi ne-CU. Amasu okubhekana nawo angasebenzi kahle nawo wonke umehluko wobuntu ngaphandle kokuphikwa ahlotshaniswa kakhulu ne-CU ne-FCU. Ngokukhethekile, ukuzithikameza, ukuzikhuza kokuziphatha, ukuzisola, i-neuroticism-- ukukhathazeka, ubutha-ubutha, kanye nokufuna umuzwa kwakuhlotshaniswa kakhulu nokuphikisana okuphezulu kwe-CU ne-FCU ephakeme. Ngokuphikisana, ukuzibandakanya komphakathi kuhlotshaniswa nokungahambisani okuphansi kwe-CU ne-FCU ephansi. Ukulungiswa (Model 2) akuzange kushintshe imiphumela.
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Ithebula 2. Izinhlobo zezinkinga zokuzihlanganisa nokusetshenziswa kwe-cybersex (CU) nobuningi bokusetshenziswa kwe-cybersex (FCU)
| Imodeli 1 (alungisiwe) | Model 2 (kulungisiwe) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ingxenye Logistic (CU) | Ingxenye engalungile ye-binomial (FCU) | Ingxenye Logistic (CU) | Ingxenye engalungile ye-binomial (FCU) | |||||
| OR | [95% CI] | IRR | [95% CI] | OR | [95% CI] | IRR | [95% CI] | |
| Ezokuxhumana ze-Sociodemographic nezocansi | ||||||||
| Izinga eliphakeme lemfundo (Ref. Imfundo yamabanga aphansi) | ||||||||
| Ukuqeqeshelwa umsebenzi wezandla | 1.18 | [0.84-1.66] | 0.94 | [0.78-1.12] | 1.09 | [0.77-1.55] | 0.96 | [0.81-1.15] |
| Imfundo esezingeni eliphakeme | 1.96 | [1.40-2.76] | 1.08 | [0.90-1.29] | 1.80 | [1.27-2.56] | 1.09 | [0.91-1.29] |
| Ukukhuluma isiJalimane (Ref. -French) | 1.47 | [1.28-1.68] | 0.99 | [0.94-1.05] | 1.44 | [1.24-1.66] | 0.98 | [0.92-1.04] |
| Ukuba sebudlelwaneni (Ref. Not in a relationship) | 0.50 | [0.43-0.59] | 0.75 | [0.69-0.82] | 0.66 | [0.55-0.79] | 0.83 | [0.76-0.91] |
| Isimo sezocansi (ref. Heterosexual) | ||||||||
| ngithanda abesilisa nabesifazane | 2.46 | [1.81-3.34] | 1.33 | [1.21-1.47] | 2.18 | [1.60-2.98] | 1.31 | [1.19-1.44] |
| Ubungqingili | 2.33 | [1.33-4.08] | 1.35 | [1.12-1.61] | 1.94 | [1.10-3.44] | 1.27 | [1.06-1.51] |
| Inani labalingani ocansini (Ref. 1) | ||||||||
| 0 | 1.12 | [0.93-1.37] | 1.24 | [1.14-1.36] | 0.91 | [0.74-1.11] | 1.17 | [1.06-1.28] |
| 2-3 | 2.21 | [1.82-2.69] | 1.24 | [1.15-1.34] | 2.00 | [1.64-2.45] | 1.19 | [1.11-1.29] |
| 4+ | 2.24 | [1.78-2.83] | 1.43 | [1.31-1.55] | 2.02 | [1.59-2.57] | 1.36 | [1.24-1.48] |
| Ubudalaa | 0.85 | [0.80-0.91] | 0.95 | [0.93-0.98] | 0.93 | [0.87-0.99] | 0.97 | [0.94-1.00]b |
| Izici zengqondo | ||||||||
| Ukubhekana nokungasebenzi kahle | ||||||||
| Ukuphikaa | 1.03 | [0.97-1.11] | 1.00 | [0.97-1.03] | 1.06 | [0.99-1.13] | 1.00 | [0.98-1.03] |
| Ukuziphazamisaa | 1.35 | [1.26-1.44] | 1.05 | [1.02-1.08] | 1.34 | [1.25-1.43] | 1.04 | [1.01-1.07] |
| Ukuyekiswa kokuziphathaa | 1.20 | [1.12-1.28] | 1.05 | [1.02-1.08] | 1.17 | [1.09-1.26] | 1.04 | [1.01-1.07] |
| Ukuzisolaa | 1.33 | [1.25-1.43] | 1.09 | [1.06-1.12] | 1.30 | [1.21-1.40] | 1.08 | [1.05-1.11] |
| Ubuntu | ||||||||
| Neuroticism – Ukukhathazekaa | 1.35 | [1.25-1.45] | 1.11 | [1.08-1.14] | 1.33 | [1.23-1.44] | 1.09 | [1.06-1.13] |
| Ulaka – Ubuthaa | 1.23 | [1.15-1.31] | 1.05 | [1.02-1.09] | 1.28 | [1.19-1.37] | 1.06 | [1.03-1.09] |
| Ukuhlalisana kahlea | 0.84 | [0.79-0.90] | 0.96 | [0.93-0.99] | 0.82 | [0.76-0.88] | 0.95 | [0.93-0.98] |
| Ukufunaa | 1.51 | [1.41-1.61] | 1.07 | [1.04-1.11] | 1.41 | [1.31-1.51] | 1.06 | [1.03-1.09] |
Inothi. NOMA, i-IRR, kanye ne-95% CI ehambelana ngokugqamile kubalulekile ku p <.05. NOMA: isilinganiso sobunzima; I-IRR: isilinganiso sesilinganiso sesigameko; CI: isikhathi sokuzethemba.
aIzinhlobonhlobo eziqhubekayo zazilinganiswa (M = 0, SD = 1). bNgaphambi kokujikeleza, umkhawulo ophezulu we-95% CI ngu-0.998431331648399. I-Model 2 ilungiswa ngezinga eliphakeme kakhulu lemfundo, isifunda sezilimi, ukuthi isebudlelwaneni, isifiso sokuya ocansini, kanye nenani labalingani bezocansi nobudala.
Amamodeli we-NB we-PCU akhombisa ukuthi ukuhlala esifundeni esikhuluma isiJalimane (vs. French-speak) kuhlotshaniswa kakhulu nePCU ephansi (Ithebula 3). Ukuqondiswa kwe-Bisexual (kuqhathaniswa nokulingiswa kobungqingili) kuhlotshaniswe kakhulu ne-PCU enkulu, kanti ukuhlangana kwezifiso zobungqingili akufinyelelanga ebaluleke. Ukubika abalingani abane noma ngaphezulu bocansi ezinyangeni eziyi-12 ezedlule (vs. eyodwa) kuhlotshaniswe kakhulu ne-PCU ephakeme, kanti akukho zinhlangano ezibalulekile ezitholakele zokubika zero kanye nabalingani bobabili noma abathathu bezothando. Mayelana nezinhlangano zezinto ezenzeka engqondweni, zonke izimfanelo zobuntu ezihlolwe kanye nazo zonke izinto ezingasebenzi kahle ezazikhona zathinteka kakhulu futhi zihlobene ne-PCU, ngaphandle kwendlela yokubonisa ukuzijabulisa, ekhombise ukuhlangana okungalungile okukhulu. Ukulungiswa (Model 2) akuzange kushintshe le miphumela.
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Ithebula 3. Amamodeli wokuphinda abhebhetheke kabi we-binomial regination of ubudlelwane nokusetshenziswa okuyinkinga kwe-cybersex (PCU)
| Imodeli 1 (alungisiwe) | Model 2 (kulungisiwe) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IRR | [95% CI] | IRR | [95% CI] | |
| Ezokuxhumana ze-Sociodemographic nezocansi | ||||
| Izinga eliphakeme lemfundo (Ref. Imfundo yamabanga aphansi) | ||||
| Ukuqeqeshelwa umsebenzi wezandla | 0.99 | [0.75-1.32] | 1.06 | [0.80-1.41] |
| Imfundo esezingeni eliphakeme | 1.10 | [0.83-1.45] | 1.15 | [0.87-1.53] |
| Ukukhuluma isiJalimane (Ref. -French) | 0.89 | [0.81-0.97] | 0.89 | [0.81-0.98] |
| Ukuba sebudlelwaneni (Ref. Not in a relationship) | 1.00 | [0.87-1.14] | 1.04 | [0.91-1.19] |
| Isimo sezocansi (ref. Heterosexual) | ||||
| ngithanda abesilisa nabesifazane | 1.48 | [1.28-1.71] | 1.46 | [1.26-1.68] |
| Ubungqingili | 1.28 | [0.98-1.68] | 1.22 | [0.93-1.61] |
| Inani labalingani ocansini (Ref. 1) | ||||
| 0 | 1.14 | [0.99-1.31] | 1.14 | [0.99-1.32] |
| 2-3 | 1.07 | [0.95-1.20] | 1.05 | [0.93-1.19] |
| 4+ | 1.24 | [1.08-1.41] | 1.21 | [1.05-1.38] |
| Ubudalaa | 1.01 | [0.97-1.06] | 1.00 | [0.96-1.05] |
| Izici zengqondo | ||||
| Ukubhekana nokungasebenzi kahle | ||||
| Ukuphikaa | 1.17 | [1.12-1.22] | 1.18 | [1.13-1.23] |
| Ukuziphazamisaa | 1.14 | [1.09-1.19] | 1.13 | [1.08-1.18] |
| Ukuyekiswa kokuziphathaa | 1.16 | [1.10-1.21] | 1.17 | [1.11-1.22] |
| Ukuzisolaa | 1.27 | [1.21-1.33] | 1.26 | [1.21-1.32] |
| Ubuntu | ||||
| Neuroticism – Ukukhathazekaa | 1.33 | [1.27-1.39] | 1.31 | [1.26-1.37] |
| Ulaka – Ubuthaa | 1.09 | [1.04-1.14] | 1.09 | [1.05-1.15] |
| Ukuhlalisana kahlea | 0.83 | [0.79-0.87] | 0.83 | [0.79-0.87] |
| Ukufunaa | 1.08 | [1.03-1.13] | 1.08 | [1.04-1.14] |
Inothi. I-IRR ne-95% CI ehambelana ngokugqamile ibalulekile ku- p <.05. I-IRR: isilinganiso sesilinganiso sesigameko; CI: isikhathi sokuzethemba.
aIzinhlobonhlobo eziqhubekayo zazilinganiswa (M = 0, SD = 1). Imodeli 2 ilungiselelwe izinga lemfundo eliphakeme kakhulu, isifunda sezilimi, ukuba sebudlelwaneni, ukuthanda ezocansi, kanye nenani labalingani bobulili neminyaka.
Ingxoxo:
Lokhu kucwaninga kulinganise amanani we-CU, FCU, ne-PCU kanye nokuzihlanganisa kwabo nezinto ezimbalwa phakathi kwezinsizwa zaseSwitzerland. Ukwanda kwezinyanga eziyi-12 okungenani kwe-CU kwaba ngu-78.6% - okuyisilinganiso esiphakeme kakhulu salabo ababonwa ezifundweni ezedlule, sisuka ku-59.2% saya ku-89.9% emadodeni (I-Albright, 2008; Cooper, Månsson, Daneback, Tikkanen, & Ross, 2003; UGoodson, McCormick, no-Evans, 2001; I-Shaughnessy, i-Byers, ne-Walsh, ngo-2011). Leli zinga eliphakeme, uma liqhathaniswa nezinye izifundo, lingahle libonise umphumela wominyaka nobudala; I-CU ivame kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhula komuntu osemdala (UDaneback et al., 2005) kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-Intanethi (imvamisa kanye nezithombe zocansi) sekusabalele kakhulu kule minyaka engamashumi amabili edlule (I-Lewczuk, iWojcik, neGola, i-2019; IHhovisi Fédéral de la Statistique, 2018). Lokhu kungakhombisa nokwehluka kwamasiko. Yize ukusabalala kwe-CU bekuphakeme, ngaphezu kwesigamu sabasebenzisi be-inthanethi abangahambisani nezitatimende ze-PCU. Lokhu kutholakala kuhambisana nesiphakamiso sikaCooper et al. (1999) ukuthi i-CU ayihambisani nabasebenzisi abaningi. Kodwa-ke, i-corollary ukuthi ngaphezu kwe-40% yabasebenzisi be-cybersex babike okungenani uphawu olulodwa oluhlobene ne-PCU, abane-8.9% babike ngisho nezimpawu ezintathu noma ngaphezulu.
Ngokuhambisana nemiphumela kaTræen et al. (2006), lolu cwaningo luveze ukuthi abahlanganyeli abaningi abafundile kungenzeka ukuthi basebenzise i-cybersex. Enye incazelo engahle ibe yukuthi abantu abafundile abaningi (vs. abangafundile kangako) bathambekele kakhulu kwi-CU ngoba banamakhono amakhulu wekhompyutha (Isitaki, iWasserman, neKern, 2004). Kodwa-ke, abukho ubufakazi bokuthi yikuphi ukuhlangana phakathi kwezemfundo ne-FCU noma i-PCU okutholakele. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi uma kuqhathaniswa nababambiqhaza abakhuluma isiFulentshi, yize ababambiqhaza abakhuluma isiJalimane babika i-PCU encane, kungenzeka ukuthi babike i-CU. Enye incazelo engaba khona ukuthi i-CU ingahle yamukeleke ngokwenhlalo esifundeni esikhuluma isiJalimane kunasesifundeni esikhuluma isiFulentshi. Uma kunjalo, abantu abakhuluma isiJalimane bangahle bathambekele ekudaluleni i-CU yabo, kepha babone ukuthi i-CU yabo ayinankinga kangako. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umehluko ekuqondeni imibuzo kungenzeka ubekhona phakathi kwabahlanganyeli abakhuluma isiFulentshi nabakhuluma isiJalimane. Ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka ukuphindaphinda futhi sikuqonde kangcono lokhu okutholakele. Abahlanganyeli abadala (vs. abancane) babencane amathuba okuthi basebenzise i-cybersex futhi bayisebenzise kaningi. NjengoDaneback et al. (2005) kwembulwa, lokhu kusikisela ukuthi i-CU iyancipha ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-18 kuya kwengama-24. Akunabuhlobo obumqoka obatholakala phakathi kweminyaka yobudala ne-PCU. Lokhu okutholwe kuphambene nobudlelwano obubi phakathi kweminyaka yobudala nokusetshenziswa okuyinkinga kobuchopho okubikwe ngabakwaGrubbs, Kraus noPerry (2019) kusampula emele abasebenzisi be-Intanethi base-US (Mage = 44.8, SD = 16.7). Ngokunokwenzeka, uhla lweminyaka emincane yabahlanganyeli ocwaningweni lwamanje lungase lunganeli ukuthola umehluko ohlobene nobudala ku-PCU.
Ngokuhambisana nemiphumela yezifundo zangaphambilini (UBallester-Arnal et al., 2014; IBallester-Arnal, uCastro Calvo, uGil-Llario, noGil-Julia, 2017), ababambiqhaza ebudlelwaneni babenemikhuba ephansi ye-CU ne-FCU ephansi (dhidi yalabo ababengekho ebudlelwaneni). Phakathi kwabasebenzisi be-cybersex, ukuba ebudlelwaneni kwakungahlotshaniswa kakhulu ne-PCU. Lokhu kuthola ukuthi labo abekho ebudlelwaneni bangasebenzisa i-cybersex ukwanelisa izidingo zabo zocansi futhi banxephezele ngokuntuleka kwabo kokwenza ngokoqobo ngokocansi (UBallester-Arnal et al., 2014). Le ncazelo ibuye ihambisane nokutholakele ukuthi ukubika akunabalingani bezocansi (vs. eyodwa) ezinyangeni eziyi-12 ezedlule kuhlotshaniswa ne-CU ejwayelekile. Kunoma yikuphi, ukubika ukuthi abekho abalingani bezocansi futhi abekho ebudlelwaneni kungenzeka kungabi yinkinga, ngoba abukho ubudlelwano obalulekile obatholakele ne-PCU. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba kukhonjisiwe ngaphambili (IBraun-Courville neRojas, ngo-2009; UDaneback et al., 2005), Abantu ababika abalingani abaningi bezocansi (vs. eyodwa) babenamathuba amaningi okusebenzisa i-inthanethi yocansi futhi bayisebenzisa kaningi. Labo ababika abalingani bobulili abane noma ngaphezulu baphinde bagunyaza ngaphezu kwe-20% ngaphezulu kwezitatimende ze-PCU. Ukuhlangana kwalokhu kuguquguquka bekuphakathi kokukhulu kunakho konke ukuhlukahluka kwesibikezelo okuhloliwe. Njengoba kuhlongozwe nguDaneback et al. (2005), lokhu kusikisela ukuthi labo abanezinga eliphakeme lokuthakazelela kuzo zonke izinto ngokocansi kungenzeka ukuthi bazibandakanye ne-cybersex futhi babe nabalingani bezothando abaningi kakhulu empilweni yangempela.
Izinhlangano ezinobudlelwano bezocansi nazo beziphakathi kokuphawuleka okukhulu kulolu cwaningo. Ukuqondiswa kobungqingili noma ubulili (kuhlobene nobungqingili) kwakuhlotshaniswa kahle ne-CU ne-FCU - okutholakele okuhambisana nemiphumela yezifundo zangaphambilini (isib. UDaneback et al., 2005; UGiordano noCashwell, 2017; UPeter & Valkenburg, 2011; UTræen et al., 2006). Njengoba abantu abengahlukani ngokobulili obuhlukile bangaba ngaphansi kwengcuphe yokuba sengozini yokuphathwa kabi kwezenhlalo (Takács, 2006), futhi kungenzeka bathambekele ekusebenziseni i-cybersex ngoba inikeza amathuba amaningi okuthola abalingani kunokwenza impilo yangempela (IBenotsch, iKalichman, neCage, 2002; UClemens, Atkin, noKrishnan, 2015; Lever, Grov, Royce, & Gillespie, 2008). Lokhu okutholile kungakhombisa nokuvuleka okukhulu kwabantu abathandana nobungqingili ezinhlotsheni zesiko zokuziphatha zocansi, njenge-cybersex (UDaneback et al., 2005) kanye nengozi yabo enkulu yokuzibandakanya ekuziphatheni kwe-hypersexual (UBőthe et al., 2018). Ukujwayeza ukungezwani nobungqingili kubuye kuhlotshaniswe nokuxhaswa kwezitatimende ze-PCU eziningi, kepha lokhu bekubalulekile kubantu abathandanayo. Abantu abangahlukani ngokobulili obuhlukile (IKing et al., 2008), ikakhulukazi lezo ezinokuthambekela kokunye (IGonzales, iPrzedworski, neHenning-Smith, ngo-2016; I-Loi, Lea, ne-Howard, 2017), kuvame kakhulu ukuthambekela ekubikeni izinkinga zempilo yengqondo, kufaka phakathi umlutha, kunabantu abathandanayo nabobulili obuhlukile. Ngakho-ke, phakathi kwabantu abane-bisexual oriental, i-PCU ingahle ibe ngumphumela wokusebenzisa i-cybersex ukubhekana nengcindezi nemizwelo emibi ebangelwa ukungabukelwa phansi emphakathini. Lokhu kuphakamisa ukuthi imizamo yokuthuthukisa izindlela zokuvimbela eziqondiswe kubantu futhi ezivumelanisa nabantu abathandanayo kungenzeka ithembise.
Okutholakele maqondana nokuhlangana phakathi kwezici ezahlukahlukene zengqondo kanye ne-CU, i-FCU, ne-PCU bekuhambisana nesiphakamiso sikaGrubbs, Wright, et al. (2019) ukuthi i-cybersex isetshenziselwa izizathu ezimbili ezinkulu: ukuphathwa kwenjabulo nokuzwakala. Ngokucacile, ubudlelwane obuhle obuphakathi kokufuna imizwa kanye ne-CU, i-FCU, ne-PCU bekulandelana nemiphumela yezifundo zangaphambilini (I-Beyens, iVandenbosch, ne-Eggermont, 2015; UCooper et al., 2000; UPeter & Valkenburg, 2011). Lokhu kusekela i-hypothesis ethi ukufuna umuzwa kungathumela umuntu munye ku-CU ngobumnandi, kodwa futhi naku-PCU. Njengoba abafuna ukuvezwa okuphezulu badinga amazinga aphezulu okuvuselela ukuze bafinyelele izinga labo elifanelekile lokumuka (Zuckerman, 1994), ukungenelela okunikeza eminye imithombo yokukhuthaza, ukukhuthaza okuhehayo, eminye imisebenzi ku-CU kungasebenza ekuvikeleni i-PCU phakathi kwabafuna umuzwa ophezulu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, onke amasu wokuphamba angasebenzi kahle ayehlobene kahle ne-CU, i-FCU (yize ayibalulekanga ukwenqatshwa), kanye ne-PCU. Lokhu kutholwa kuhambisana nemiphumela ye-Laier neBrand (2014), kukhombisa ukuthi ukusebenzisa ucansi ukubhekana nezimo eziphikisayo nezingcindezi kungadlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni nasekugcinweni kwe-PCU. Lolu cwaningo ludlulisela lokhu kutholakala kwamanye amasu wokubhekana nokungasebenzi kahle, njengoba kukhonjiswe ngaphambili ngu-Antons et al. (2019). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubudlelwane obuhle obuphakathi kokuphikisana nobudlova (isimo sobuntu cishe esicishe sivumelane ngokuvumelanayo) nomkhondo we-neuroticism-ukukhathazeka ne-CU, i-FCU, ne-PCU kuhambisana nemiphumela yocwaningo lwangaphambilini olukhombisa ukuzihlanganisa okungekuhle kwe-cybersex ngokuvumeleka (UBeutel et al., 2017) nobudlelwano obuhle ne-neuroticism (U-Egan & Parmar, 2013; UShimoni et al., 2018). Njengoba zombili izici ze-neuroticism-ukukhathazeka kanye nobudlova ziyingxenye yesakhiwo esikhudlwana, okuwukuthi ukuvelela okungekuhle (Zuckerman, 2002), lokhu okutholakele kukhombisa ukuthi lezi zici zinganquma abantu abathile ku-CU ngezinjongo zokulawulwa kwemizwa, kodwa futhi ne-PCU. Ukungenelela njengokunciphisa amazinga okuxineka, ukuhlinzeka ngezinye izindlela zokubhekana nokusebenzisa i-cybersex, nokwakha ukuzethemba kwakho ngokuqeqeshwa ngamakhono okuphila kungaba izindlela eziphumelelayo zokuvimbela i-PCU phakathi kwalabo abasebenzisa i-cybersex ngezinjongo zokulawulwa kwemood.
Ngaphezulu kwalokho, ukutholakala kwezinhlangano ezibucayi eziphikisanayo kutholakele phakathi komkhakha wobuntu kanye neCU, FCU, nePCU. Lokhu okutholayo kuhambisana nobudlelwano obubi phakathi kokushiseka ngokweqile (uphawu lobuntu olusondelene nokuhlalisana; bona Zuckerman, 2002) futhi umlutha wezocansi (ongahlobene ngqo ne-Intanethi) obonwa ngu-Egan noParmar (2013). Kodwa-ke, iphikisana nezinhlangano ezingabalulekile ezibukwe nguShimoni et al. (2018) kanye nobudlelwano obuhle obuhle phakathi kwe-extraversion ne-CU obonwa nguBeutel et al. (2017). Kudingeka olunye ucwaningo ukuze uqonde kangcono ubudlelwano phakathi kokuhlalisana kwabantu ne-CU ne-PCU.
Lolu cwaningo lwalunemikhawulo eminingana. Idizayini enqamulelayo ayisinikanga amandla okuthola ubudlelwano besiphetho noma iziphetho. Isampula elenziwe kuphela abesilisa abasebasha lenza noma yikuphi ukuhlanganiswa kokutholakele kwabesifazane nakwamanye amaqembu wobudala kungenzeki. Izikali eziningana zikhombise ukuthembeka okulingene (.60 <α <.70; URobinson, Shaver, noWrightsman, ngo-1991), kanye nokwethenjwa kwesimo sokukopisha i-Self-Blame Dysfunctional Coping Scale kwakukuphansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlangano ezibalulekile zazibonakaliswa kahle kakhulu ngosayizi omncane womphumela (U-Olivier, uMeyi, noBell, 2017). Okokugcina, ukusetshenziswa kwezinyathelo zokuzibika kungaletha ukukhetha okuthile, ikakhulukazi kunikezwe uhlobo olubucayi lwemibuzo nge-CU. Ezinye izifundo ezisebenzisa imidwebo yobude obude, kufaka phakathi nabesifazane, ngokubheka sonke isikhathi sokuphila ziyadingeka ukwenza okutholakele kube ngokujwayelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izifundo zidingeka ukuphenya izinhlangano ze-CU kanye ne-PCU ngemiphumela yempilo yengqondo, ukuphazamiseka kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa nokunye okuluthayo ekuziphatheni.
iziphetho
Lolu cwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi i-CU ne-PCU kufanele zibhekwe ngokubhekisele ekuzihlanganiseni kwabo nokuhlukahluka okuningi okubandakanya izinto ezenziwa ngabantu, ezocansi nezengqondo. Lokhu okutholakele kungasetshenziselwa ukuchaza amaqembu abantu abasengozini ye-PCU - isb., Abantu ababika ukuthandana kwabantu bobulili obufanayo, hhayi ebudlelwaneni noma ukubika abalingani abaningi bezocansi ezinyangeni eziyi-12 ezedlule - abangabhekelwa ekungeneleleni kokuvimbela. Ochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwezempilo bayakhuthazwa ukuthi babheke lezi zici futhi mhlawumbe bashintshe izindlela zabo zokwelapha ngokuhlanganisa ukungenelela okuthile okuhlangabezana nezidingo zeziguli zabo. Isibonelo, iziguli ezibonisa i-PCU, zisebenzisa amasu okubhekana nokungasebenzi kahle futhi zithambekele ekubhekaneni ne-neuroticism nokukhathazeka, zingahlomula ekungeneleleni okubhekiswe ekwakhiweni kwamasu asebenza kangcono okubhekana nengcindezi nokuthikamezeka okungalungile kunokusebenzisa i-inthanethi yocansi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, iziguli ezibekelwe ukufuna imizwa ephezulu zingazuza ekungeneleleni okugxile ekwakhiweni kweminye imithombo yokukhuthaza i-CU.
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