Isimo Quo (Okwamanje). Maphakathi noJulayi ngashicilela a blog okuxoxa okwenziwe muva nje fMRI (ubuchopho bokucabanga) okukhombisa ukuthi umsebenzi wobuchopho bemilutha yezocansi, lapho ukhonjiswa izithombe zocansi, ubonakalisa umsebenzi wobuchopho bemilutha yezidakamizwa lapho bevezwa ezithombeni ezihlobene nezidakamizwa.
Lokho kucwaninga kugcizelele ukuthi ukulutha ngokocansi ayitholakali nje kuphela, kodwa futhi ibonakala ebuchosheni ngezindlela ezifanayo kakhulu nezindlela zokwamukela kalula ukulutha ezinjengotshwala, umlutha wezidakamizwa, nokulutha kwezokugembula. Ukushicilelwa kwalolu cwaningo bekubaluleke kakhulu uma kubhekwa i-American Psychiatric Association engachazwanga futhi yenqabe ngokungafanele ukwengeza i-Hypersexual Disorder (aka, umlutha wobulili) e-DSM-5 ngonyaka owedlule. Lokhu ngaphandle kukaProfessor Harvard uDkt Martin Kafka Ukuphikisana okwenziwe kahle futhi kwethulwa ngobuhlakani, ikhishwe yi-APA, esikhundleni sokuxilongwa okunjalo.
Kuvele ukuthi i-APA kungenzeka ukuthi yenqabile ukuphakanyiswa kukaDkt Kafka ukuxilongwa kwe-hypersexual ukuxilongwa ngenxa yokushoda kobufakazi besayensi obufakazela ukuthi ucansi lungaba umlutha ngempela. Eqinisweni, uDkt Kafka uphawule isidingo sokucwaninga okwengeziwe ephepheni lakhe, ikakhulukazi maqondana imilutha yabesifazane, futhi ngivumelana impela nokuhlolwa kwakhe. Lokhu akufanele, nokho, kugcine umlutha wobulili (noma i-hypersexual disorder, njengoba uDkt Kafka ekhetha ukuyibiza) ukuphuma kwi-DSM. Yize kunjalo, njengoba uDkt Kafka echaza ngokusobala, "[Inani] lamacala we-Hypersexual Disorder abikwe kumaphephabhuku abukezwe ontanga lidlula kakhulu inani lamacala ezinye zezinkinga zokuphazamiseka kobuchopho ezifana ne-Fetishism ne-Frotteurism." Ngakho-ke kungani uyikhiphe? Futhi asidingi yini ucwaningo olwengeziwe ekucindezelekeni, ekukhathazekeni, ekuxinekeni kwangemva kwempilo, kanye nakho konke okunye ukuxilongwa okugunyazwe yi-DSM? Masibe ngokoqobo lapha: Uma isiqiniseko esiphelele sasiyo indinganiso yokufakwa ku-DSM, incwadi ibizoba iphamfulethi.
Noma kunjalo, kuvela ukuthi "ukuntuleka kocwaningo" yilokho i-APA encike kukho njengokusekelwa kwesimo sayo esingabonakali mayelana nokuluthwa ngokocansi. Uma kunjalo, bazodinga i-crutch entsha. Kusukela kushicilelwe iphepha likaDkt Kafka elivele likhona, izifundo ezintathu ezibalulekile ezeseka ukutholakala kokuluthwa ngokocansi sezikhululiwe - ucwaningo lwe-fMRI olushiwo ngenhla, Ucwaningo lwe-UCLA okukhombisa lokho Izindlela zokuhlonza zikaDkt Kafka eziphakanyisiwe zakhiwe ngokunembile futhi zisetshenziseka kahle, Futhi isifundo esisha ubheka ukunaka okungabhekisiwe ezinhlelweni ezibonisa ucansi.
Ucwaningo Olusha ngemininingwane
“Attaringal bias” ukuthambekela komuntu kokugxila ephakeme kunaleyo ejwayelekile yokunaka kwakhe ukunaka okuthile okushukumisayo noma umuzwa wokuzwa. Lokhu kungaholela ekwahlulelweni okungalungile kanye / noma ekuphelelisweni kabusha komcimbi noma imemori engaphelele. Isibonelo, umuntu onesifiso sokunaka izidakamizwa, uma edalulwa yisisusa esihlobene nezidakamizwa, uzoba nememori engaphelele noma eyephuzile yesimangaliso esiseduze, esingahlobene nezidakamizwa. Ngamanye amagama, uma ubeka umlutha wezidakamizwa egumbini futhi kunezidakamizwa kanye nezimpawu zokudla etafuleni lekhofi, kungenzeka ukuthi umlutha uzokwazi ukukhumbula kamuva izidakamizwa, i-paraphernalia, kanye netafula lekhofi nge-alacrity nokucaca . Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi awukhumbuli umbala wombhede nakancane.
Ucwaningo oluningi luxhumanise ukunaka kokucatshangelwa kwezidakamizwa nokulutha kwezidakamizwa. Lokhu okusha ucwaningo olugxile kumlutha wobulili, olwenziwe eCambridge University (UK), lubheka ukuthi imilutha yezocansi ikhombisa ukunaka okufanayo, kepha maqondana nokuya ocansini kunokuphathelene nezinto ezihlobene nezidakamizwa. Ocwaningweni, abacwaningi baqhathanisa iqembu lezidakamizwa eziluhlaza elizihlonze nezifundo zokuhlola ezinempilo zisebenzisa umsebenzi wokuphawula ichashaza (kuchazwe isikhashana). Izifundo zokuhlolwa ngokocansi okunempilo futhi eziphilile zazifaniswa nobudala, abesilisa nabesilisa abathandanayo. Izindlela zokuxoshwa zifakiwe: ukuba ngaphansi kweminyaka engu-18, ukuba nenkinga yokusebenzisa izidakamizwa noma umlutha wokuziphatha (ngaphandle kokulutha ngokwecansi), nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okubucayi. Ucwaningo luhlole izihloko ezimbili ezinempilo esifundweni ngasinye ocansini.
Umsebenzi wokuhlola ichashazi elisetshenzisiwe lalilula. Izihloko zazihlala kukhompyutha zineminwe yenkomba yazo yesobunxele nezokudla ngaphezulu kwezinhlamvu u- "s" no "l" kukhibhodi. Kuvele isithombe esikhulukazi (uphawu lokuhlanganisa) esikrinini phakathi kwesigamu nesekhondi. Ngemuva kwalokho kwavela izithombe ezimbili esikrinini, esisodwa ngapha nangapha, imizuzwana engu-.15, kulandele isithombe sangaphakathi sokumaphakathi phakathi kwe-.1 ne .3 imizuzwana, kulandelwa ichashaza eliluhlaza ngakwesobunxele noma ngakwesokudla kwesikrini. Lapho ichashaza eliluhlaza livela, izihloko zokuvivinya zacindezela noma kukhiye u- “s” noma u- “l”, kuye ngokuthi yiluphi uhlangothi lwesikrini sekhompyutha lapho ichaphaza livele khona. Ukuphendula kuhlelwe isikhathi ukuze kubonakale ukuthi ngabe izithombe eziboniswe ngaphambi kw ichashazi zazithikameza noma zingaphazamisi kangako imilutha yezocansi kanye nezihloko ezinempilo.
Kwakunezinhlobo ezine zezithombe - izithombe ezicacile zocansi (ubulili obuhlukile), izithombe ezixakile (abesifazane abanqunu), izithombe ezingathathi hlangothi (abesifazane abagqokile), nezithombe zokulawula (izihlalo). Ocwaningweni olufanayo olubheka umlutha wezidakamizwa, imilutha ikhombise ukunakwa okubhekisisa ezithombeni ezihlobene nezidakamizwa, okusho ukuthi zinesikhathi sokuphendula kancane ngemuva kokubuka isithombe esihlobene nezidakamizwa siphikisana nesithombe esingathathi hlangothi noma sokulawula. I-hypothesis lapha yayiwukuthi izifundo zokuhlola ezocansini okucindezelayo zazizokhombisa ukunaka okufanayo okuyisisekelo, kuphela maqondana nezocansi kunokuphatheka kwezidakamizwa. Futhi yilokho kanye okwenzeka.
Njengasezifundweni zezidakamizwa, enye incazelo engenzeka yokuthola ukunakwa okubhekisisa ifaka umbono wokukhuthaza ukufunda. Ifana nenqubo yokulungiswa kwezimo zakudala, ngokubhanqa okuphindaphindwe kabili kwezintambo nokusabela okujabulisayo kwemizwa (njengoba kwenzeka ngokusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa, ukusetshenziswa kabi kotshwala, ukugembula okuphoqayo, ukusetshenziswa okuphindayo kwe-porn, njll.), Izinketho ezinobandlululo zikhulisa inani lokukhuthaza futhi zithole izakhiwo zokugqugquzela - Kusho ukuthi izintambo ziheha futhi ngaleyondlela zibambe ukunakwa, ziphazamisa umuntu kweminye imisebenzi. Ngolimi lokuluthwa olucacile: imilutha “ingadalwa” yizinto ezibonakalayo.
Ikusasa DSM
Noma nini lapho kuvela ucwaningo olusha lokuxhasa umlutha wobulili njengesi sifo esibonakalayo neselaphekayo, angikwazi ukubuza ukuthi i-APA izophaphama nini futhi ithathe isenzo. Lokho bekuthi, angiyethemba ukuthi lokhu kuzokwenzeka noma nini maduze. Le nhlangano imane ingenayo intando yezepolitiki yokusebenzisa ukuxilongwa komlutha wokuya ocansini, ikakhulukazi uma ikhipha igama elithi “umlutha” ngokuqhamukayo kwi-DSM. Ngisho nokuluthwa kwezidakamizwa notshwala sekuqanjwe kabusha. Manje sebebizwa ngokuthi “Izinkinga Zokusebenzisa Izidakamizwa.” Kungani kuguqulwa? Eqinisweni, angazi, futhi ngifisa ukuthi i-APA ingasiguqula isimo sayo. Ngemuva kwakho konke, umlutha igama elicishe lisetshenziswe cishe yibo bonke ochwepheshe bezokwelapha (yize kukhona ama-APA's semantic antics), futhi futhi igama elisho umqondo omkhulu wokulutha ngokwalo.
Ngesinye isikhathi i-APA kuzodingeka ijoyine i-21st ikhulu futhi ivume ukulutha ngokocansi (noma ukuphazamiseka kwe-hypersexual, noma ukuziphatha kocansi okucindezelayo, noma yini enye abantu abafuna ukuyibiza ngalokhu) njengokuxilongwa okusemthethweni kwe-DSM. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, akukho lutho olungashintsha. Ochwepheshe bezokwelapha ababa umlutha wezocansi bazoqhubeka nokwenza njalo ngezindlela abazi ngazo kangcono, kuzovela ucwaningo oluningi, futhi abantu abanjengoStefanie Carnes, uKen Adams, futhi ngizoqhubeka emizamweni yethu yokufundisa nokukhanyisela odokotela, umphakathi jikelele, imilutha yezocansi. bona uqobo, kanye nabathandekayo babo mayelana nemvelo kanye nokwelashwa kwalesi sifo esingamahlalakhona, esibuthakathaka, futhi esithuthukayo se-neurobiological.
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