IZIVIVINYO ZOKUQALA IZIFUNDO EZIKhethiwe
Ukubikezela Ukusebenzisa I-intanethi Yomshwalense: Konke Okuphathelene Nezocansi! (I-2006)
UMeerkerk GJ, uVan Den Eijnden RJ, uGarretsen HF.
I-Cyberpsychol Behav. 2006 Feb; 9 (1): 95-103.
Inhloso yalolu cwaningo kwakuwukuhlola amandla okubikezela izicelo ezihlukahlukene ze-intanethi ekuthuthukiseni ukusetshenziswa kwe-Inthanethi okuphoqelelwe (CIU). Ukutadisha kunomklamo wesikhathi eside we-wave ngesikhatsi se-1 unyaka.
Ngesisekelo sokuhlukanisa, ukugembula kanye ne-eerotica kubonakala sengathi yizinhlelo zokusebenza ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-Inthanethi ezihlobene ne-CIU. Ngesikhathi eside, ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi ku-eerotica kwabikezela ukwanda konyaka we-CIU 1 kamuva. TAmandla okulutha emisebenzini ehlukene ahluka; I-Erotica ibonakala inamandla kakhulu.
Ukubuka Izithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Ku-intanethi: Indima Yokulinganisa Ngokwezocansi kanye Nezimo Zengqondo-I-Psychiatric for Ukusebenzisa I-Internet Sites Sites Ngokuphambene (2011)
I-Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2011 Jun;14(6):371-7. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2010.0222.
Isivivinyo soMlutha We-Inthanethi (i-IAT) kanye ne-modified version ye-IAT yemisebenzi yezocansi e-intanethi (i-IATsex), kanye nemibuzo eminingana eminingana yokulinganisa izimpawu zengqondo nezici zobuntu nazo zinikezwa abahlanganyeli.
Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi izinkinga ezibikezelayo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke ezihlobene nemisebenzi yezocansi e-intanethi zazibikezelwe ngokulinganisa ngokobulili okuvezwa kwezinto eziphathekayo zobulili, ukuqina komhlaba wonke wezibonakaliso ezingokwengqondo, kanye nenani lezinhlelo zobulili ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlala kumasayithi ezocansi e-Internet ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, ngenkathi isikhathi esichithwa kumasayithi ezocansi e-intanethi (amaminithi ngosuku) asizange ibambe iqhaza ekuchazeni ukuhlukahluka kumaphuzu we-IATsex. Izici zobuntu azihambisani kakhulu ne-IATsex score.
Nakuba isihloko sokulutha kwe-inthanethi e-inthanethi sinokubaluleka okuphezulu komtholampilo, sekucishe kunganakiwe ekucwaningeni kwangaphambilini. I-16,17 Ezingxenyeni eziningi zezifundo eziphathelene nokucubungula noma ubuntu bomsebenzi we-intanethi ngokujwayelekile, amageyimu wekhompyutha / amakhompiyutha ahlanganiswe ngokuyinhloko kuma-sampuli18-20 noma akukho ukuhlukana phakathi kwemisebenzi ehlukile ye-intanethi okwenziwe.Izifundo ze-21-24 eziphenya ngokucophelela izindlela zokuzama ukuhlola ukulutha kwe-inthanethi kwe-inthanethi ayitholakali.
sibona ukufana okukhona phakathi kwezinqubo zokuzicabangela nezindlela zobuchopho ezingase zibe nomthelela ekulondolozeni i-cycling yocansi ngokweqile nalabo abachazwe kubantu abanokuzithemba ngokweqile noma ukubheja ngokweqile (isib. ukugembula ngokwemvelo). Isibonelo, kwaziwa ukuthi ubuchopho bezihloko ezinokudakwa ngokweqile noma okunye ukuxhomeka kwezinto ezithinta izidakamizwa kuthinta ngokomzwelo (ukuqaliswa kwe-ventral striatum) lapho ubhekene nezithombe ezihlobene nohlobo lwezokwelapha noma izidakamizwa.30-32 Ezinye izifundo nazo zigcizelela ukuthi ukusabela okulangazelayo (cue -kusebenza) kungatholakala ezifundweni ezinokulutha ukuziphatha, njengokugembula kwe-pathological33 futhi-yakamuva-ngisho nasezifundweni ezidlala kakhulu i-World of Warcraft19 noma eminye imidlalo yekhompyutha.18 Lezi zifundo ziphendukela ekubukeni ukuthi ukulangazelela kokubukela ekubhekeni ukulutha kwezidakamizwa izinyathelo ezibalulekile ezihambisanayo nokuziphatha kokulutha.
Ngakho-ke, kubonakala kubonakala sengathi lezo zifunda zobuchopho ezihilelekile ekucubunguleni izinto eziphathelene nobulili, nokuvuswa kocansi kanye nomsebenzi, kanye nokulangazelela ukusabela kubantu abanezidakamizwa zokuziphatha, nazo zibaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni nasekugcinweni kokuziphatha okuluthayo ekuhloleni kwe-inthanethi.
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Sithole ubuhlobo obuhle phakathi kwe-subjective arousal yezocansi lapho ubukela izithombe ze-pornography ze-intanethi kanye nezinkinga ezibikiwe ezimpilweni zansuku zonke ngenxa yokwehla kwe-inthanethi ye-cyber njengoba kulinganiswa i-IATsex. Izilinganiso ezivusa ukuvusa, ukuqina komhlaba wonke wezibonakaliso ezingokwengqondo, kanye nenani lezicelo zobulili ezisetshenzisiwe kwakuyizibikezelo eziphawulekayo zamaphuzu we-IATsex, kanti isikhathi esichithwa kuma-sex sites e-intanethi asizange sibe negalelo elikhulu ekuchazeni ukuhluka kwezinga le-IATsex.
Ukuthola ukuthi izilinganiso zokuvota ezithandwayo zobulili ngenkathi zibukela izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi zihlobene nezinkinga zokubika ezizimele ekuphileni kwansuku zonke ngenxa yokusebenzisa ngokweqile amasayithi e-yocansi e-inthanethi zingase zihunyushwe ngokuhlola izifundo zangaphambilini ekusebenziseni ukucutshungulwa kwabantu abathintekayo ngokwemvelo noma izidakamizwa zokuziphatha.
Njengoba kuboniswe kusingeniso, ukucutshungulwa kokusebenza njengendlela engase ibe negalelo ekugcineni ukuziphatha okunomlutha kuye kwaboniswa emaqenjini amaningana weziguli ezinokukhubazeka ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo noma ukulutha ukuziphatha. I-18,19,30-33 Lezi zifundo ziphendukela ekuboneni ukuthi ukusabela kokulangazelela ekubukeleni ukuxilongwa okuhlobene nokulutha umlutha kubalulekile okuhambisana nokuziphatha kokulutha.
Nakuba singahlolisanga ubuchopho be-correlates bokubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi esifundweni sethu, sithole ubufakazi bokuqala bokuhlola okungaxhunyiwe okuphakathi kokuziphendulela kwe-intanethi kwi-intanethi ye-pornographic stimuli nokuthambekela ekubhebhethekeni kocansi lwe-inthanethi.
Isithombe se-Pornographic Ukucubungula ama-interferes ngokusebenza komsebenzi wokukhumbula (i-2012)
Abanye abantu babika izinkinga ngesikhathi futhi ngemuva kokubandakanyeka ngokobulili kwi-intanethi, njengokulala okungahle kwenzeke nokukhohlwa ukuqashwa, okuhlobene nemiphumela emibi yokuphila. Enye indlela engase iholele kulezi zinhlobo zezinkinga ukuthi ukuvota ngocansi ngesikhathi sezocansi kwi-intanethi kungaphazamisa umthamo wokusebenza (WM), okwenza kube khona ukunganakwa kolwazi oluphathelene nokusebenza kwemvelo ngakho-ke ukuziphatha okungahambi kahle. Imiphumela yembula ukuthi i-WM iyingozi kakhulu esimweni sezithombe zobulili ezingcolile komsebenzi we-4 emuva uma kuqhathaniswa nezimo zesithombe ezisele ezisele.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlaziywa kwemigomo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo kubonisa ukuhlukahluka kobuzwe besimo sezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ngokulinganisa ngokweqile kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nomphumela wokulinganisela wezinxushunxushu zokushaya indlwabu. Rimibono ifaka isandla ekuboneni ukuthi izinkomba zokuvusa ngocansi ngenxa yokucubungula isithombe sezithombe zocansi ziphazamisa ukusebenza kwe-WM. Okutholakele kuxoxwa ngokuphathelene nokulutha kwe-inthanethi ngoba ukuphazamiseka kwe-WM ngamagama ahlobene nokulutha izidakamizwa kuyaziwa ngokusuka kwezidakamizwa.
Ama-Interferes Okucubungula Ngesithombe Sobulili Ngokwenza Izinqumo Ngokweqile (2013).
I-Arch Sex Behav. 2013 Jun 4.
Lapho uphequlula ukuthola ezocansi, abantu kufanele benze izinqumo eziningana, konke lokhu kungaholela emiphumeleni emihle noma emibi. Ucwaningo lokwenza izinqumo lukhombisile ukuthi izinqumo ezingacaci kahle zithonywa yimiphumela etholwe ngemuva kwezinqumo zangaphambilini. Ukuvuswa kwezocansi kungaphazamisa inqubo yokwenza izinqumo ngakho-ke kufanele kuholele ekuthathweni kwezinqumo okuyingozi ekugcineni. Esifundweni samanje, abakwa-82 abesilisa nabesifazane, ababambiqhaza besilisa babuka izithombe zocansi, bazilinganise maqondana nokuvuka kocansi, futhi bacelwa ukuthi bakhombise izinga labo lamanje lokuvusa ucansi ngaphambi nangokulandela isethulo sezithombe zocansi. Ngemuva kwalokho, izifundo zenze enye yezinguqulo ezimbili eziguquliwe zomsebenzi wokugembula we-Iowa lapho izithombe zobulili zikhonjiswe ezithombeni ezinenzuzo nezingathathi hlangothi kumakhonksi amabi ekhadi noma okuphambene nalokho (n = 41 / n = 41).
Ukusebenza kwezinqumo kwakubi nakakhulu lapho izithombe zobulili zihlotshaniswa nekhadi eliyingozi ekuqhathaniswa nokusebenza lapho izithombe zobulili zixhunyaniswa nezinsika ezizuzayo. Ukuvusa okucatshangelwayo ngokobulili kuhlolisisa ubuhlobo phakathi komsebenzi womsebenzi kanye nokusebenza kwezinqumo. Lolu cwaningo lugcizelele ukuthi ukuvuswa kocansi kuphazamise ukwenziwa kwezinqumo, okungase kuchaze ukuthi kungani abanye abantu behlangabezana nemiphumela emibi ekuhloleni kokusebenzisa i-inthanethi.
Ukulutha kocansi lwe-Cyber: Ukuvuswa kobulili okuhlangenwe nakho lapho ubukela izithombe zobulili ezingcolile futhi hhayi ngokoqobo-oxhumana nabo ngokocansi benza umehluko (2013)
I-Journal of Addictions of Behavioral.
Ukulutha kocansi lwe-Cyber kuxoxwa ngokuphikisanayo, kanti ubufakazi obucacile bukhona kakhulu. Ngokuqondene nezinqubo zayo zokuthuthukiswa nokugcinwa kweBrand et al. (2011) bacabanga ukuthi ukuqinisekiswa ngenxa ye-inthanethi kufanele kuholele ekuthuthukiseni ukukhwabanisa nokufuna ukuchaza ukusetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa kocansi nge-inthanethi lapho kubhekene nemiphumela emibi kodwa enganakiwe. Ukusekela lo mbono, kwenziwa izifundo ezimbili zokuhlola.
Inhloso yesifundo sesibili kwakuwukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwesifundo sokuqala ngokuqhathanisa abasebenzisi be-cyber (n = 25) enenkinga (n = 25) enenkinga ye-cyber.
Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi izinkomba zokuvusa ngocansi nokufisa ukubhekwa kobulili be-intanethi ekuthambekeleni okubikezelwe ekubhekaneni nocansi lwe-inthanethi ekutadisheni kokuqala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuboniswe ukuthi abasebenzisi be-inthanethi bezinkinga zokuxilonga nge-inthanethi babika ukuvusa okukhulu kocansi nokufisa ukusabela okubangelwa isethulo se-pornography. Kuzo zombili izifundo, inombolo kanye nekhwalithi exhumana nabo ngokoqobo ngokobulili ayengahlotshaniswa nokulutha kocansi lwe-inthanethi.
Imiphumela isekela ukuxhaswa kokuzijabulisa, okuqala ukuqinisa, ukufunda izindlela, nokufisa ukuba yizinqubo ezifanele ekuthuthukiseni nasekugcinweni kokulutha kwe-inthanethi nge-cybersex. Okubi noma ukunganelisi othintana nabo bezocansi bangakwazi ukuchaza ngokwanele ukulutha kocansi lwe-inthanethi.
Ukulutha kocansi lwe-Cyber kubasebenzisi besifazane abangabesilisa ocansini bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi kungachazwa ngokucabangela ukuxhaswa (2014)
I-Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2014 Aug;17(8):505-11.
Esimweni sokulutha kwe-intanethi, i-inthanethi icatshangwa ukuthi iyisicelo se-Inthanethi lapho abasebenzisi besengozini yokuthuthukisa ukuziphatha kokulutha. Ngokuqondene nabesilisa, ucwaningo lokuhlola luye lwabonisa ukuthi izinkomba zokuvusa ngocansi nokulangazelela ekuphenduleni imibiko yezingcolile zobulili ezihlobene ne-Inthanethi zihlobene nokuqina komlutha we-inthanethi ocansini abasebenzisi be-pornography (i-IPU). Njengoba uphenyo olufanayo oluphathelene nabesifazane alukho, injongo yalolu cwaningo ukuphenya ukubikezela kokulutha kwe-inthanethi ngocansi ngobungqingili besifazane.
Sihlolisise abasebenzisi be-51 besifazane be-IPU nabakwa-51 abangabasebenzisi be-pornography abangeyona inthanethi (i-NIPU).
Imiphumela ibonise ukuthi i-IPU ilinganise izithombe zezithombe zobulili ezingcolile njengoba zivusa kakhulu futhi zibike ukulangazelela okukhulu ngenxa yesethulo sezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuqhathaniswa ne-NIPU. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulangazelela, ukulinganisa ngokocansi kwezithombe, ukuzwela ekuzijabuliseni ngokocansi, ukuziphatha okubi kobulili nokucindezela kwengqondo kwengqondo kubikezele ukuthambekela ekubhebhethekeni kwe-inthanethi ku-IPU. Ukuba ubuhlobo, inani loxhumana nabo ngokocansi, ukwaneliseka koxhumana nabo ngokocansi, kanye nokusetshenziswa kocansi lwama-inthanethi okusebenzisana akuhlosiwe nokulutha kocansi lwe-inthanethi.. Le miphumela ihambisana nalabo ababikwe abesilisa abesilisa nabesilisa ocansini ngezifundo zangaphambilini.
Ubufakazi Bombuso Nokucatshangelwa Kwezingqinamba Ngezici Ezifakazela Ukubhebhetheka Kwesicansi Ngesimo Sokuxilonga Ngomqondo Obukeka Ngokweqile (2014)
Ukulutha Kwezocansi Nokuphoqeleka: Ijenali Yokwelapha Nokuvimbela, Volume 21, Issue 4, 2014
Umsebenzi wangaphambilini ubonisa ukuthi abanye abantu bangasengozini ku-CA, kuyilapho ukuqinisekiswa okuqinisekisiwe nokuqaphela ukuthi kubonakala sengathi kuyindlela esemqoka yokuthuthukiswa kwe-CA. Kulolu cwaningo, amadoda e-155 abesilisa abesilisa ocansini ahlaziya izithombe ze-pornographic ze-100 futhi abonise ukunyuka kwabo kokuvusa ucansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthambekela kwe-CA, ukuzwela kokuzijabulisa ngokocansi, nokusetshenziswa kabi kobulili ngokujwayelekile kwahlolwa. Imiphumela yocwaningo ibonisa ukuthi kunezici zokungcupheni ku-CA futhi inikeze ubufakazi bendima yokuthokozisa ngokocansi nokubhekana nokungasebenzi ngendlela yokuthuthukiswa kwe-CA.
Ukulawulwa kwe-Prefrontal nokulutha kwe-intanethi: imodeli yezinkolelo nokubukeza okutholakala kwe-neuropsychological kanye neuroimaging (2015)
Front Hum Neurosci. 2014 May 27; 8: 375.
Abantu abaningi basebenzisa i-intanethi njengethuluzi elisebenzayo ukwenza izinhloso zabo siqu ekuphileni kwansuku zonke njengokuthatha izindiza zezindiza noma ukubhuka kwamahotela. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu babhekene nokulahlekelwa ukulawula ukusetshenziswa kwabo kwe-intanethi okubangelwa ukucindezeleka komuntu siqu, izimpawu zokuthembela kwengqondo, nemiphumela emibi ehlukahlukene. Lesi simo sivame ukubizwa ngokuthi ukulutha kwe-intanethi. I-Intanethi Yezokudlala Ye-intanethi kuphela ifakwe kusihlomelo se-DSM-5, kodwa sekuye kwachazwa ukuthi ukulutha kwe-intanethi kungahle kuhlanganise nokusetshenziswa okunenkinga kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza nge-inthanethi ye-inthanethi, ubudlelwane be-intanethi, ukuthenga, nokwaziswa kolwazi kuyizintambo ze-Inthanethi engozini yokuthuthukisa ukuziphatha komlutha.
Uphenyo lwe-Neuropsychological liye lwabonisa ukuthi imisebenzi ethile ye-prefrontal ikakhulukazi imisebenzi yokulawula ephezulu ihlobene nezimpawu zokulutha kwe-intanethi, okuhambisana namamodeli amasha asanda kuthuthukiswa nokugcinwa kokusetshenziswa komlutha kwe-intanethi. Izinqubo zokulawula zinciphisa ikakhulu lapho abantu abanomlutha we-Inthanethi bebhekene nezinkulumo ezihlobene ne-inthanethi ezimele ukusetshenziswa kwazo kokuqala. Isibonelo, ukucubungula izinkulumo ezihlobene ne-Inthanethi kuphazamisa ukusebenza komemori nokusebenza kwezinqumo. Ngokuvumelana nalokhu, imiphumela evela ekusebenziseni ubuchopho obusebenzayo kanye nezinye izifundo ze-neuropsychological zibonisa ukuthi ukukhwabanisa, ukuthanda, nokwenza izinqumo kuyizinto ezibalulekile zokuqonda umlutha we-Inthanethi. Okutholakele ekunciphiseni ukulawula okuphezulu kuhambisana nezinye izidakamizwa zokuziphatha, ezifana nokugembula kwezemvelo. Baphinde bagcizelele ukuhlukaniswa kwalesi simo njengokwemilutha, ngoba kukhona ukufana okufanayo nokutholakala kokuxhomeka kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Imiphumela ye-neuropsychological and neuroimaging inempembelelo ebalulekile emitholampilo, njengoba umgomo owodwa wezokwelapha kufanele uthuthukise ukulawulwa kokusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi ngokushintsha izinkomba ezithile kanye nokulindela ukusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi.
Mayelana nokuthuthukiswa nokulondolozwa kokusetshenziswa komlutha kwezicelo ezithile ze-intanethi (SIA), siphikisana - ngokuhambisana nocwaningo lwangaphambilini futhi ngokuhambisana nesibonelo sikaDavis (2001) - ukuthi izimpawu ze-psychopathological zibandakanya ikakhulukazi (Brand et al., 2011; Kuss noGriffith, 2011; I-Pawlikowski neBrith, 2011; Laier et al., 2013a; I-Pawlikowski et al., 2014). Siphinde sicabange ukuthi lokho okushiwo ngumuntu okhethekile kwandisa amathuba okuba umuntu athole ukuzithokozisa ekusetshenzisweni kwezicelo ezithile futhi ushaya ngaphezulu lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza futhi. Isibonelo esisodwa salesi simo esithile siwukuzijabulisa okukhulu kobulili (Cooper et al., 2000a,b; Bancroft noVukadinovic, 2004; Salisbury, 2008; Kafka, 2010), okwenza kube lula ukuthi umuntu usebenzise izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi, ngoba ulindele ukuvusa ngokocansi nokuthokozisa (Meerkerk et al., 2006; Young, 2008). Sikholelwa ukuthi ukulindeleka ukuthi izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Inthanethi zinganelisa izifiso ezithile zandisa amathuba okusetshenziswa kwezicelo ze-inthanethi kaningi, njengoba kucatshangwa ekuziphatheni komlutha ngokujwayelekile (Robinson neBerridge, 2000, 2003; Everitt noRobbins, 2006) nokuthi lowo muntu angahlakulela ukulahleka kokulawula ukusetshenziswa kwakhe kwezicelo. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuzithokozisa kunolwazi futhi ngenxa yalokho ukusetshenziswa kwezicelo ezinjalo kanye nezinhloso ezithile zokusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi kanye nesitayela sokubhekana nesimo sibhekene nokuqiniswa. Lokhu sekuboniswe kakade, isibonelo sokulutha kwe-inthanethi ngocansi (I-Brand et al., 2011; Laier et al., 2013a) futhi kungenzeka ukuthi iyindlela yokudlala inthanethi (isib. Tychsen et al., 2006; Yebo, 2006). Ukuthambekela okungokwengeziwe kwengqondo (isib. Ukucindezeleka nokukhathazeka komphakathi) kufanele kuqinisekiswe kabi. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yokuthi nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-intanethi (isib., Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi) zingasetshenziswa ukuphazamisa izinkinga empilweni yangempela noma ukugwema imizwa engafanele, njengesizungu noma ukuzihlukanisa nabantu. Iziphakamiso eziyinhloko ze-model yethu zifingqiwe ku-Figure Umfanekiso11.
Ukunamathela ezintweni ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile? Ukusebenzisa ngokweqile noma ukunganakwa kwezimo zocansi zocansi esimweni esinabantu abaningi kuhlobene nezibonakaliso zokulutha kocansi lwe-inthanethi (i-2015)
J Behav Addict. 2015 Mar;4(1):14-21.
Abanye abantu basebenzisa okuqukethwe koxhumene ne-inthanethi, okufana nezindaba zobulili ezingcolile, ngendlela yokulutha, okuholela emiphumeleni emibi kakhulu empilweni yangasese noma emsebenzini. Enye indlela eholela emiphumeleni engalungile inganciphisa ukulawulwa kokulawula phezu kokuqaphela nokuziphatha okungase kudingekile ukuqaphela ukushintshwa komgomo phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwe-inthanethi nge-cyber kanye neminye imisebenzi kanye nezibopho zokuphila.
Ukuze sibhekane nalesi sici, siphumelele abahlanganyeli besilisa be-104 nge-paradigm ephezulu yokuphatha okuningi ngamasethingi amabili: Isethi esisodwa sasinezithombe zabantu, enye isethi yayinezithombe zobulili ezingcolile. Kokubili ubeka izithombe kufanele zihlukaniswe ngokwezinqubo ezithile. Sithole ukuthi ukusebenza okulinganiselwe kancane kule paradigm eningi kakhulu kuhlotshaniswa nokuthambekela okuphezulu ekubhekaneni nocansi lwe-inthanethi. Abantu abanalo mkhuba ngokuvamile basebenzisa ngokweqile noma banganaki ukusebenzela izithombe ezingcolile.
Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi ukulawulwa kokulawula okunciphisisiwe ekusebenzeni kwe-multitasking, lapho kubhekene nezinto eziphathekayo zobulili ezingcolile, kungaholela ekuziphatheni okungasebenzi kahle kanye nemiphumela emibi ebangelwa ukulutha kwe-inthanethi ngocansi. Nokho, abantu abanokuthambekela ekubhekaneni nocansi lwe-inthanethi kubonakala sengathi banesifiso sokugwema noma ukubhekana nendaba ephathekayo engcolile, njengoba kuxoxwa ezinhlobonhlobo zokugqugquzela umlutha.
Imiphumela yocwaningo lwamanje olubhekele indima yemisebenzi yokulawula okuphezulu, okungukuthi isebenza nge-prefrontal cortex, ukuthuthukiswa nokugcinwa kokusetshenziswa kocansi nge-inthanethi (njengoba kuphakanyiswe I-Brand et al., I-2014). Ngokuyinhloko ikhono elincishisiwe lokuqapha ukusetshenziswa nokushintsha phakathi kokuqukethwe kocansi nokunye okuqukethwe emgomweni ngendlela eyanele kungase kube yindlela eyodwa ekuthuthukiseni nasekugcinweni kokulutha kwe-inthanethi nge-cybersex.
Izihlobo ezingathí sina ekubhekaneni nocansi lwe-inthanethi: Ukuthathwa kwe-Test Effective Association ne-pornographic pictures (2015)
Umlutha Behav. 2015 May 16; 49: 7-12.
Ucwaningo lwamuva lubonisa ukufana okuphakathi kokulutha kwe-inthanethi kwezokuxilonga ngocansi kanye nokuxhomeka kwezidakamizwa futhi ukuphikisa ukubheja kocansi lwe-inthanethi njengokulutha ukuziphatha. Ngokuxhomekeka kokuzimele, izinhlangano eziqhamukayo ziyaziwa ukuthi zidlala indima ebalulekile, futhi lezi zinhlangano ezizimele azizange zifundwe ekubhekaneni nocansi lwe-inthanethi, kuze kube manje. Kulolu cwaningo lokuhlola, abahlanganyeli be-128 abesilisa nabesilisa abesilisa abesilisa nabo baqedile i-Implicit Association Test eshintshwe ngezithombe zobulili ezingcolile.
Imiphumela ibonisa ubuhlobo obuhle phakathi kobudlelwane obuseduze bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile nemimoya emihle kanye nethambekelo ekubhekaneni nokubheja ngocansi lwe-inthanethi, ukuziphatha okubi ngokobulili, ukuzwela ekuthandeleni ucansi kanye nokuthanda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlaziywa okuhlolisisiwe kwembula ukuthi abantu ababika ukuzithoba okukhulu futhi babonisa ubudlelwane obuhle bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ngemisindo emihle, ikakhulukazi bahlose ukubheja ngocansi lwe-inthanethi. Okufundwayo kusikisela indima engaba khona yezinhlangano ezinobungozi ezihambisana nezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ekuthuthukiseni nasekugcinweni kokulutha kwe-inthanethi nge-cybersex. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imiphumela yocwaningo lwamanje lifaniswa nokuthola okuvela ekucwaningweni okuxhomekeke kumuntu futhi kugcizelele ama-analogi phakathi kokulutha kwe-inthanethi nge-cyber and other dependence.
Izimpawu zokulutha kwe-inthanethi ye-inthanethi zingathintwa kokubili okusondelayo nokugwema isifiso sezithombe zobulili ezingcolile: imiphumela evela kwisampula ye-analog yabasebenzisi be-inthanethi ejwayelekile ye-cyber (2015)
Front Psychol. 2015 May 22; 6: 653.
Akukho ukuvumelana ngokuphathelene nokuhlelwa kwemvelo, ukuhlukaniswa, kanye nokuhlonza ukuxilonga kwe-inthanethi nge-cybersex. Ezinye izindlela ezibhekisela ekufananeni nokuxhomekeka kwezidakamizwa okuyizinto zokuzigwema / ukugwema ukuthambekela kuyindlela ebalulekile. Abacwaningi abaningana baye baphikisa ukuthi ngaphakathi kwesinqumo esithinta izidakamizwa, abantu bangabonisa ukuthambekela kokuya noma ukugwema isenzo esithinta izidakamizwa.
Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi abantu abanokuthambekela ekubhebhethekeni kwe-inthanethi ku-intanethi bavame ukukhuluma noma ukugwema inhlamba yezithombe zobulili ezingcolile. Ukwengeza, ukuhlaziya okulinganisiwe kokuhlaziya kwembula ukuthi abantu abanezifiso eziphezulu zocansi kanye nokuziphatha okubi kobulili ababonisa ukuthambekela okuphezulu / ukugwema, babika izimpawu eziphakeme zokulutha kwe-inthanethi nge-cybersex. Ukuxhunyaniswa kokuxhomeka kwezinto ezibonakalayo, imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi kokubili ukuthambekela kokuzigwema nokugwema kungase kube nendima ekubhekaneni nocansi lwe-inthanethi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenzisana nokuzwela ekuzijabuliseni ngokobulili nokuziphatha okubi kobulili kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ekukhulekeleni kwezikhalazo ezizithobayo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwe-inthanethi nge-inthanethi.
Okutholakele kuhlinzeka ubufakazi obuningi bokuthi kufana nokufana kokulutha kwe-inthanethi nokuxhomeka kwemithwalo. Ukufana okunjalo kungahle kubuyele emuva ekusetshenzisweni kwe-neural efanayo kwe-cybersex-kanye nezihlobene ezihlobene nezidakamizwa.
Izinkomba zengqondo nezomzimba kanye nokuziphatha kokusebenzisa imithombo yezocansi okucacile kwabantu abadala (2011)
I-J Med Med. 2011 Mar;8(3):764-72.
Ngokuyinhloko engazange ihlolwe, futhi kugxilwe lapha, kukhona ukuhlobana okungenzeka phakathi kwe-SEMB kanye nezinkomba zezempilo ezingokwenyama nezingokomzimba.
Ukuhlukahluka kwezinkomba zezempilo ezilinganiselwe eziyisithupha (izimpawu zokucindezeleka, izinsuku zempilo yengqondo nengokwenyama), isimo sempilo, ikhwalithi yokuphila, kanye nenani lempilo yomzimba) lihlolwe emazingeni amabili (abasebenzisi, abangabonisi) be-SEMB.
Isampula se-559 Seattle-Tacoma Abantu abadala basebenzisa i-intanethi bahlolwe ku-2006. Amamodeli ajwayelekile ajwayelekile ahlanganisiwe ku-SEMB ngobulili obuphendulelayo (design 2 × 2) abalinganiswa babandakanya ukulungiswa kwezindawo eziningana zabantu.
IZIPHUMA: I-SEMB ibike yi-36.7% (n = 205) isampula. Abasebenzisi abaningi be-SEMB (78%) babengamadoda. Ngemuva kokulungiswa kwezenzo zabantu, abasebenzisi be-SEMB, uma kuqhathaniswa nabangabonisi, babike izimpawu ezinkulu zokucindezeleka, ikhwalithi yokuphila empofu, izinsuku ezincishisiwe zempilo yengqondo nengokwenyama, nesimo sezempilo esincane.
Abathengisi be-Dopamine base-Striatal abaNcishisiwe kubantu abane-Addiction Disorder Disorder (2012)
I-Journal ye-Biomedicine ne-Biotechnology, Volume 2012
Eminyakeni yamuva, ukukhubazeka kwezidakamizwa ze-inthanethi (i-IAD) sekuye kwavame kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele futhi ukuqaphela umthelela walo obulalayo kubasebenzisi nomphakathi uye wanda ngokushesha. Isifundo samanje senzelwe ukucacisa ukuthi ngabe amazinga we-striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) alinganiswe ukukhishwa kwe-99mTc-TRODAT-1 eyodwa ye-photon eyodwa ye-computed tomography (SPECT) ebuchosheni bobuchopho bashintshiwe kubantu abane-IAD. U-SPECT u-scans scans watholakala kwizihloko ze-XAD ze-5 zesilisa nezilawuli ze-9 ezinempilo eneminyaka ehambisanayo.
Izihloko ze-IAD zasebenzisa i-intanethi cishe nsuku zonke, futhi zichitha ngaphezulu kwamahora angu-8 (zisho? ± SD, amahora angu-10.20 ± 1.48) nsuku zonke phambi komqapha, ikakhulukazi ngokuxoxa nabangani be-cyber, ukudlala imidlalo ye-inthanethi, nokubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezitholakala kuyi-intanethi noma ama-movie omdala. Lezi zihloko zazijwayele kuqala i-intanethi ikakhulukazi esiteji sokuqala sokukhula kwazo (iminyaka yobudala engu-± SD ubudala, iminyaka engu-12.80 ± 1.92 ubudala) futhi inezinkomba ze-IAD iminyaka engaphezulu kwe-6 (kusho i-± SD, iminyaka engu-7.60 ± 1.52).
Kuboniswe ukuthi i-DAT yezinga lokukhuluma le-striatum lahle kakhulu kakhulu futhi i-V, W, noRa bancishiswa kakhulu kubantu abane-IAD uma kuqhathaniswa nezilawuli. Ukuhlanganiswa, le miphumela iphakamisa ukuthi i-IAD ingabangela ukulimala okukhulu ebuchosheni kanye nokutholakala kwe-neuroimaging kufakazela ukuthi i-IAD ihlotshaniswa nezidakamizwa ohlelweni lobuchopho lwe-dopaminergic. Izinto esizifunayo nazo zisekela isimangalo sokuthi i-IAD ingabelana ngokungafani kahle kwe-neurobiological nezinye izifo zokulutha
Umthelela wokuhluka kwengqondo ohlukile wokungena kwe-inthanethi kuma-addicts e-inthanethi (i-2013)
I-PLoS One. 2013;8(2):e55162. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055162.
Ucwaningo lubheke umthelela osheshayo wokuvezwa kwe-intanethi ezimweni zengqondo kanye nasezindabeni ezingokwengqondo ze-internet eziluthayo nabasebenzisi abasebenzisa i-intanethi. Abahlanganyeli banikezwa ibhethri yokuvivinya kwengqondo ukuhlola amazinga wokulutha kwe-intanethi, imizwelo, ukukhathazeka, ukucindezeleka, i-schizotypy, nezimfanelo ze-autism. Banikezwa ukutholakala kwi-intanethi ye-15 min, futhi baphinde bahlolwe isimo sengqondo nokukhathazeka kwamanje.
Abasebenzisi abasebenzisa i-intanethi nabo babonise ukwehla okucacile kwemizwa elandela ukusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi uma kuqhathaniswa nabasebenzisi abasebenzisa i-intanethi. Umthelela omubi wokungcola kwi-intanethi ngesimo se-addicts ye-intanethi kungabangela ukusetshenziselwa ukukhushulwa kwalabo bantu abazama ukunciphisa isimo sabo sengqondo ngokuphinda bahlanganyele ngokushesha ekusetshenzisweni kwe-intanethi.
Ngokufanayo, ukuvezwa kwento yokuziphatha okunenkinga kutholakale ukunciphisa imizwa [26], ikakhulukazi kubantu abanomlutha wezithombe zobulili ezingcolile [5], [27]. Njengoba zombili lezi zizathu (ie ukugembula kanye nezithombe zobulili ezingcolile) ukusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi zihlotshaniswa kakhulu nokusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi okunenkinga [2], [3], [14], kungase kube ukuthi lezi zici zingase zibe nomthelela ekulutha kwe-intanethi [14]. Ngempela, kuye kwaphakanyiswa ukuthi impikiswano engafanele yokubandakanyeka ekuziphatheni okunenkinga, ngokwabo, ingaba nokubandakanyeka okuqhubekayo kulezi zimo zokuziphatha eziyinkinga enkulu ekuzameni ukubalekela le mizwa emibi [28].
Imiphumela yabonisa umthelela omubi wokushaya kwe-intanethi ngesimo sengqondo esihle 'se-addicts internet'. Lo mphumela uphakanyisiwe ezinhlobonhlobo zobuciko 'zokulutha kwe-intanethi [14], [21], aUkuthola okufanayo kuye kwaphawulwa ngokuqondene nomphumela omubi wokuvezwa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezidakamizwa zocansi e-intanethi [5], okungase kusiphakamise okufanayo phakathi kwalezi zidakamizwa. Kubalulekile futhi ukusikisela ukuthi lo mthelela omubi wemizwelo ingacatshangwa njengokungathi umphumela wokuhoxiswa, okuphakanyisiwe njengoba kudingeka ekuhlukaniseni izidakamizwa 1, [2], [27].
Kumele kuboniswe ukuthi, njengoba ukusetshenziswa okubalulekile kwe-intanethi ngenani elikhulu labasebenzisi be-intanethi ukuthola ukufinyelela kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile nokugembula [4], [5], aImisebenzi yokugcina yilezi zizathu ezibhekene nezimo zokulutha, kungenzeka ukuthi noma yimiphi imiphumela ephathelene 'nokulutha kwe-intanethi' empeleni imbonakaliso yezinye izinhlobo zokulutha (okusho ezithombeni ezingcolile noma zokugembula).
Ukuguqulwa kokulutha kwe-inthanethi kubafundi abangamaGreki abasebasha eminyakeni engababili umthelela wokubambisana kwabazali (2012)
I-Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2012 Feb 4.
Sethula imiphumela kusuka ekutadisheni kwesigaba esinqunyiwe sonke isikole sabantu abasha abase-12-18 esiqhingini saseKos nabazali babo, ekuhlukumezweni kwe-intanethi.
Imiphumela yethu ibonisa lokho Ukulutha kwe-intanethi yanda kule ndawo lapho kungekho mzamo wokuvimbela okwenziwe ukulwa nalesi simo kusukela ekuhlolweni kokuqala, eminyakeni engu-2 edlule. Lokhu kwenyuka kufana nokwanda kokutholakala kwe-Intanethi.
Abazali bathambekele ekunciphiseni izinga lokubandakanya ikhompyutha uma kuqhathaniswa nezingane zabo ukulinganisa. Izinyathelo zokuphepha komzali ekuphequleni kwe-inthanethi zinomsebenzi omncane wokuvimbela futhi azikwazi ukuvikela intsha ekukhuseleni i-Inthanethi. Imisebenzi emithathu ye-intanethi ehlotshaniswa kakhulu nokulutha kwe-Inthanethi yayibheke izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezitholakala kuyi-Internet
Ukulutha kwe-inthanethi (i-2012)
Duodecim. 2012;128(7):741-8.
Ukulutha kwe-intanethi kuchazwa njengokusetshenziswa okungalawulwa nokulimaza kwe-intanethi, ekhombisa izinhlobo ezintathu: imidlalo, imisebenzi ehlukene yocansi kanye nokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-imeyili, izingxoxo noma imiyalezo ye-SMS. Kubafana nabesilisa ukucindezeleka kungase kube nomphumela wokulutha ngokweqile kunesizathu salokho. I-ADHD ibonakala iyisici esibalulekile sokuthuthukisa isimo.
Inkinga Internet Ukusetshenziswa kanye namaCorrelates phakathi kwabafundi abavela eziThathu zezokwelapha ezizweni ezintathu (2015)
I-Acad Psychiatry. I-2015 Jul 1.
Ababhali bahlose ukuhlola nokuqhathanisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi okunenkinga phakathi kwabafundi bezokwelapha ababhalise ezifundweni zeziqu esikoleni esisodwa ngasinye esivela eCroatia, eNdiya naseNigeria kanye nokuhlola ukuhlangana kokusetshenziswa okuyinkinga phakathi kwalaba bafundi. Uhlu lwemibuzo lubandakanya iphrofayili yezenhlalo yabantu ababambe iqhaza kanye neYoung's Internet Addiction Test.
Ukuhlaziywa kokugcina kufaka izifundo ze-842. Ngokubanzi, i-38.7 ne-10.5% yabaphenduli bathola izigaba ezinobumnene nezilinganayo. Ingxenyana encane kuphela (0.5%) yabafundi abahola esigabeni esinzima. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani eliphakeme kakhulu labahlanganyeli abathola ngaphezulu kwe-cutoff basebenzisa i-intanethi ukuphequlula, ukuxhumana nabantu, ukuxoxa, ukudlala, ukuthenga nokubuka izithombe ezingcolile. Kodwa-ke, kwakungekho umehluko phakathi kwamaqembu amabili mayelana nokusebenzisa i-intanethi ye-e-mail noma imisebenzi yezemfundo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi ye-pathological - Yakha ukwakha okungezona okungezona okukodwa (2013)
UCanzibe 15, 2013 UCWANINGO LOKUTHUTHA NOMBONO
Kusengumxholo wokuphikisana ngokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi ye-intanethi (i-PIU) yiyona into ehlukile noma ngabe kufanele yini ihlukaniswe phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwamagciwane e-intanethi imisebenzi efana nokudlala imidlalo ye-Inthanethi nokuchitha isikhathi kumasayithi e-inthanethi e-inthanethi. Inhloso yesifundo samanje kwakuwukusiza ekuqondeni kangcono izici ezivamile nezihlukile ze-PIU maqondana nemisebenzi ehlukile ye-intanethi. Amaqembu amathathu abantu ngabanye ahlolwe okungafani nokusetshenziswa kwawo kwemisebenzi ethile ye-Intanethi: iqembu elilodwa lezihloko ze-69 ezisetshenziswa kuphela imidlalo ye-Inthanethi (i-IG) (kodwa hhayi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi (i-IP)), izihloko ze-134 ezisetshenziswa i-IP (kodwa hhayi i-IG), futhi izifundo ze-116 zisetshenziswe kokubili i-IG ne-IP (okungukuthi, ukusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi okungavamile).
Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi amahloni nokwaneliseka kwempilo yizibikezelo eziphawulekayo zokuthambekela ekusetshenzisweni kokusetshenziswa kweG, kepha hhayi ukusetshenziswa kwe-IP. Isikhathi esichithwa ku-intanethi kwakuyisiqalo esibalulekile sokusetshenziswa kanzima kokubili i-IG ne-IP. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akukho ukulungiswa okutholakala phakathi kwezimpawu zokusetshenziswa kwezilwane ze-IG ne-IP. Siphetha ngokuthi imidlalo ingasetshenziselwa ukukhokhela ukulahlekelwa komphakathi (isb., Amahloni) nokwaneliseka kwempilo empilweni yangempela, kuyilapho i-IP isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ukuzithokozisa ngokufeza ukuvuselela nokuvusa ucansi.
Le miphumela isekela isidingo sokuhlukanisa izici ezihlukahlukene zokusetshenziswa kwe-Inthanethi kwizifundo zesikhathi esizayo esikhundleni sokucubungula i-PIU njengento ehlangene.
Umthelela wesistimu ye-dopaminergic ekulutha kwe-intanethi (2011)
I-Acta Medica Medianae 2011; 50 (1): 60-66.
I-PDF ephelele
Idatha ye-Phenomenological, neurobiological, kanye neyemithi ibonisa ukufananiswa kwe-pathopsychology yokudakwa kwezidakamizwa kanye nokugembula kwezemvelo, okuhlobene ngokuqondile nokufana nokulutha kwe-Inthanethi. Ukuphendula okushiwo yi-game, izilonda zibonise umsebenzi obuningi wobungcweti esifundeni se-nape, i-dorsolateral, i-prefrontal cortex, ne-parachipocampal gyrus eshiya kwesokunxele kuneqembu elilawulayo. Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ze-bupropion therapy, isifiso sokudlala i-intanethi namageyimu wevidiyo, isikhathi esiningi sokudlala, nokwenza umsebenzi wobuchopho emsebenzini we-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex kuncishiswa yizilutha.
I-Subtypes ye-Inthanethi Ye-Addiction (18) Ukulutha komlutha we-inthanethi okujwayelekile akuvamile futhi kuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa okuningi, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwensizakalo ye-intanethi nokuqukethwe, ngokuvamile ngaphandle komgomo othize walokhu kusetshenziselwa. Leli fomu lihlobene kakhulu nokuxhumana nomphakathi njengokuxoxa, imiyalezo esheshayo, amaforamu namaqembu okuxoxa, nokulutha okuvamile kwekhompyutha ne-intanethi, njengokungena kwi-intanethi, ukusetshenziselwa injini ngokusekelwe ezintweni zokuzilibazisa njll. Kodwa-ke, kuvame kakhulu ukuthi abantu bakhule umlutha kokuqukethwe okuqondile kwe-intanethi nemisebenzi kune-Internet jikelele.
Akukho ukuvumelana ngokuqondene nenani eliqondile lezindinganiso ze-subtypes yokuhlukunyezwa kwe-intanethi. Kodwa-ke, izinhlobo ezine noma ezinhlanu zivame ukuchazwa, futhi, emsebenzini wakhe, uHinić uphakamisa umqondo we-6 + 1 subtypes:
I-1. Isiyaluyalu se-Cyber-Relational
I-2. Ukulutha Ngokweqile Kwama-Cybersexual
I-3. Ukwaziswa kokuqapha
I-4. Amageyimu aphelele
I-5. Ukuthengwa kwe-Compulsive Online
I-6. Ukwehla kwekhompyutha ne-IT
I-7. Uhlobo oluthile lokulutha umlutha
Ukubheja kocansi kwe-intanethi: Izingozi Zengozi, Izinyathelo Zokuthuthukiswa Nezokwelapha
Usosayensi wase-American Behavioral, September 2008 vol. I-52 no. I-1 21-37
UKimberly S. Young
Ukulutha kobulili e-Inthanethi ngokuvamile kuhilela ukubuka, ukulanda, nokuhweba izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuyi-intanethi noma ukuzibandakanya emakamelweni okudlala emidlalweni yabantu abadala. Izingosi Zabantu abadala zihlanganisa ingxenye enkulu kunazo zonke zokudla nge-elekthronikhi ezinhlobonhlobo zezithakazelo zobulili. Njengoba kunikezwe ukutholakala kwezinto ezibonakalayo zobulili kuyi-intanethi, ukulutha kobulili kwe-Inthanethi kuyindlela evamile kakhulu yokuziphatha kwe-intanethi phakathi kwabasebenzisi.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi nokubandakanyeka kwe-intanethi kwi-sampula yabafundi bekolishi
Psychiatrike. 2011 Jul-Sep;22(3):221-30.
[Isihloko ngesiGreki, sesimanje]
Abahlanganyeli babengabafundi be-514 ekolishi yase-Athene abaqedile uhlu lwemibuzo ehlanganisa izici ezihlukahlukene zokusebenzisa i-intanethi, Isivivinyo se-Young's Internet Addiction Test, izikali eziphenya ukulutha kwezokugembula online kanye nokulutha kocansi lwe-inthanethi nezikali eziphenya umbono wokuzibulala kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezithinta ingqondo.
Izihloko ezisengozini yokuthuthukisa ukubandakanyeka kwe-intanethi zinezigaba eziphakeme kakhulu zokubheja ukugembula ku-intanethi, ukulutha kwe-inthanethi, ukuzitika kokuzibulala ngokobulili nokusebenzisa kabi utshwala, uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amaqembu. Ukuzibandakanya kwe-intanethi ye-pathological, ikakhulukazi kubantu abasha, kuyim parameter entsha yokuphathwa kwengqondo okufanele ihlanganiswe ekuhloleni nasekuhloleni kwezempilo bezempilo yengqondo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi nge-Inthanethi phakathi kwabafundi base-Greek university: ukulawulwa kwemigomo ye-ordinal ngezici ezinobungozi zezinkolelo ezingokwenyama ezingokwengqondo, amasayithi e-pornography namageyimu e-intanethi (i-2011)
I-Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2011 Jan-Feb;14(1-2):51-8.
Ngokwesilinganiso, abasebenzisi be-Inthanethi abanobunzima basebenzise i-MSN, amaforamu, i-YouTube, amasayithi e-pornography, amakamelo okuxoxa, amasayithi okukhangisa, i-Google, Yahoo !, i-e-mail yabo, i-ftp, imidlalo, kanye namabhulogi ngaphezu kwabasebenzisi be-intanethi abangenayo inkinga. Izici eziyingozi ezibalulekile ze-PIU zazingamadoda, ukubhaliswa kwezinhlelo zokungasebenzi, ukutholakala kwezinkolelo ezingalungile, ukuvakashela izingosi zobulili ezingcolile, nokudlala imidlalo ye-intanethi. Ngakho-ke i-PIU ivame kakhulu phakathi kwabafundi baseYurophu yaseyunivesithi futhi kufanele banakekelwe yizikhulu zezempilo.
Izici ezinobungozi kanye nezici zengqondo ezingase zibe nezinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwezingane ezisencane: Ucwaningo lwesigaba esiphambene (2011)
I-BMC Impilo Yomphakathi. I-2011; 11: 595.
Ukuthola okufundwayo kuboniswe ukuthi i-PIU ne-PIU engase ibe khona yayizimele ngokuzimela ngokusebenzisa i-intanethi ngezinhloso zokuthola ulwazi ngocansi, ukuxhumana nomphakathi, nokuzijabulisa, kufaka phakathi ukudlala umdlalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyaphawuleka ukuthi i-PIU engase ibe khona yayihlotshaniswa nokusebenzisa i-intanethi ngezinjongo zemfundo. Imibiko yangaphambilini ikhombisa ukuthi ngaphezu kwengxenye eyodwa kwekota yabasebenzisi be-intanethi abasebenzisa i-intanethi yokufinyelela ulwazi lwezocansi nemfundo [19,37,38].
Ukubili ukusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi njalo nokufinyelela kwi-intanethi ngezinhloso zemfundo yezocansi kuye kwafunyanwa kuba ukucacisa okuphawulekayo kokusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi ye-inthanethi [39,40] kanye ne-PIU [41] elandelayo. Ngakho-ke, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi i-PIU ingathuthukisa futhi / noma ibonise okuyisisekelo kokuqukethwe okuqondile kwamasayithi e-intanethi afinyelelwe, kunokuba i-intanethi ngayinye.
Izici zokubikezela kanye nemiphumela yengqondo yezintambo zokulutha kwe-inthanethi kuma-Cypriot asebasha (i-2014)
I-Int J Adolesc Med Health. 2014 May 6.
Umklamo wokutadisha ohlangene owenziwe phakathi kwaba nesampula esingahleliwe (n = 805) yabaseKhupro abasebasha (iminyaka yobudala: iminyaka engu-14.7).
Phakathi kwabantu abacwaningayo, izinga lokusabalalisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi yokulutha umlutha (BIU) nokusebenzisa i-inthanethi yomlutha (AIU) kwakungu-18.4% no-2%, ngokulandelanayo. Izinqumo ze-BIU ne-AIU zihlanganisa ukungena kwi-Inthanethi ngenjongo yokuthola ulwazi ngocansi nokuhlanganyela emidlalweni yemiklomelo yemali
Bobabili i-BIU ne-AIU babhekene kabi nokuziphatha okuphawulekayo kokuziphatha nokuhlalisana phakathi kwentsha.
I-Internet Process Yokulutha Umlutha Wokuhlola: Ukuhlolwa Kwezinyosi Kuzinqubo Eziqondiswe I-Inthanethi (i-2015)
Behav Sci (Basel). 2015 Jul 28;5(3):341-352.
Isivivinyo se-Internet Process Addiction Test (IPAT) senzelwe ukuhlola izindlela zokuziphatha eziluthayo ezingasetshenziswa yi-intanethi. I-IPAT yadalwa inombono wokuthi igama elithi "ukulutha kwe-Intanethi" liyinkinga ngokwakhiwa, njengoba i-Intanethi imane iyindlela umuntu ayisebenzisayo ukufinyelela izinqubo ezahlukahlukene zokulutha. Indima ye-intanethi ekunakekeleni izidakamizwa, noma kunjalo, ayikwazi ukuncishiswa.Ithuluzi elisha lokuhlola eliphumelelayo eliqondisa abacwaningi kanye nodokotela emisebenzini ethize eyenziwe yi-intanethi, ngakho-ke kuyoba usizo. Lolu cwaningo lubonisa ukuthi i-Internet Process Addiction Test (IPAT) ibonisa ukufaneleka okuhle nokuthembeka. Izinqubo ezine zokulutha zihlolwe ngempumelelo nge-IPAT: ukudlala igeyimu yevidiyo ye-intanethi, ukuxhumeka kwezokuxhumana kwe-intanethi, imisebenzi yezocansi e-intanethi, nokusesha ngewebhu. Kuxoxwa ngemiphumela yokucwaninga okuqhubekayo nokulinganiselwa kwalolu cwaningo.
Ukuxhaswa ngokocansi nokubhekana nokungasebenzi kahle Ukunquma ukubhebhetheka ngokocansi ngobulili obuyisilisa (2015)
I-Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2015 Septhemba 16
Okutholakele kwakamuva kukhombise ukuhlangana phakathi kobukhali beCyberSex Addiction (CA) kanye nezinkomba zokuthokozisa ngokocansi, nokuthi ukubhekana nokuziphatha kocansi kuxhumanise ubudlelwano phakathi kokuzijabulisa kocansi nezimpawu ze-CA. Inhloso yalolu cwaningo kwakuwukuhlola lokhu kulamula kwisampula yabesilisa abangongqingili. Amaphepha emibuzo ahlola izimpawu ze-CA, ukuzwela ekuzijabuliseni ngokocansi, izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zisebenzisa ukugqugquzela, inkinga yokuziphatha ngokocansi, izimpawu zengqondo, nokuziphatha kocansi empilweni yangempela nase-inthanethi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ababambiqhaza babheka amavidiyo wezocansi futhi bakhombisa ukuvuka kwabo ngokocansi ngaphambi nangemva kwesethulo sevidiyo. Imiphumela yabonisana ngokuqinile phakathi kwezimpawu ze-CA nezinkomba zokuvusa ngocansi nokuzijabulisa ngokobulili, ukubhekana nokuziphatha ngokocansi, nezimpawu zengqondo. I-CA ayihlotshaniswa nokuziphatha okungaxhunyiwe ku-intanethi futhi isikhathi sokusebenzisa i-intanethi ngesonto lonke. Ukubhekana nokuziphatha ngokocansi kunciphisa ubuhlobo phakathi kobudlelwane phakathi kokuzijabulisa ngokocansi no-CA. Imiphumela yalinganiswa nalabo ababikwe abesilisa nabesilisa abesilisa nabesifazane emiphakathini yangaphambilini futhi baxoxwa ngokulandelana kwemibono ye-CA, efakazela indima yokuqiniswa okuhle nokubi ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwe-inthanethi nge-inthanethi.
Ukubhebhetheka Inthanethi, Ukukhathazeka Kwengqondo, Nokubhekana Nezimpendulo Phakathi Kwabantwana Abadala Nezingane (2017)
I-Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2017 Apr 17. i-doi: 10.1089 / i-cyber.2016.0669.
Njengoba ukusetshenziswa kwe-Intanethi kukhula, kanjalo nezinzuzo kanye nezingozi. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukukhomba lapho ukusetshenziswa kwe-Intanethi kwabantu kuyinkinga. Ocwaningweni lwamanje, ababambiqhaza abangama-449 abaneminyaka esukela kwengu-16 kuya kwengu-71 ubudala batholwe ezinhlakeni ezahlukahlukene zezinkundla ze-Intanethi ezikhuluma isiNgisi, kufaka phakathi imithombo yezokuxhumana kanye namaqembu okuzisiza. Kulawa, ama-68.9% ahlukaniswa njengabasebenzisi abangenazinkinga, ama-24.4% njengabasebenzisi abanenkinga, kanye no-6.7% njengabasebenzisi be-Intanethi abaluthayo. Ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwezinkundla zezingxoxo, amazinga aphezulu okusakazwa, namazinga aphansi okuzinakekela yizona zinto ebeziyimbangela enkulu ekuluthweni yi-Intanethi (IA) phakathi kwentsha. Kubantu abadala abadala i-IA ibike ngokuyinhloko ngokuzibandakanya ekudlala imidlalo ye-intanethi nokusebenza kocansi, ukusetshenziswa kwe-imeyili ephansi, kanye nokukhathazeka okuphezulu nokubhekana nokugwema okuphezulu okugwema. Abasebenzisi be-intanethi abanenkinga babambelele phezulu emoyeni futhi bagweme ukuphendula izimpendulo kubantu abadala nangaphezulu ekuthumeni nasekunciphiseni ukuzinakekela ezinganeni. Ukugwema ukubhekana nezimpendulo ukuxazulula ubuhlobo phakathi kokucindezeleka kwengqondo kanye ne-IA. Lokhu okutholakele kungasiza abahlengikazi ngokuklama ukungenelela ukukhomba izinto ezihlukahlukene ezihambisana ne-IA.
Ukusebenzisa i-intanethi ye-pathological, ukusebenzisa i-cyberbullying nokusebenzisa ifoni ephathekayo ebusheni: isifundo esisekelwe esikoleni eGrisi (2017)
I-Int J Adolesc Med Health. 2017 Apr 22. pii: /j/ijamh.ahead-of-print/ijamh-2016-0115/ijamh-2016-0115.xml. doi:
Lolu cwaningo luhlolisise ukusabalala kokulutha kwe-Inthanethi (IA) nokusebenzisa i-cyberbullying futhi kuhlolwe amaphrofayli abasha ngokufaka ingozi ekuthuthukiseni izimo zokuziphatha. Kulesi sigaba esinqunyiwe, isifundo esisekelwe esikoleni, abafundi be-8053 be-30 phakathi nezikole eziphakeme ze-21 (iminyaka engu-12-18 ubudala) bamenywa ukuba babambe iqhaza, ngokusekelwe kwindlela yokwenza isampula engahleliwe. I-Internet aiddiction test (IAT) yasetshenziselwa kanye nokwaziswa emiphakathini yezenhlalakahle, imisebenzi ye-Inthanethi nokuhlangenwe nakho kwe-inthanethi.
Abafundi abayizinkulungwane ezinhlanu namakhulu amahlanu namashumi ayisishiyagalombili bahlanganyela (izinga lokuphendula 69.4%). Ukusebenzisa i-intanethi ye-intanethi (i-IAT ≥50) itholakala ku-526 (10.1%), kuyilapho i-403 (7.3%) ibhekana nokuhlukunyezwa kwe-cyberbullying njengabahlukunyezwa kanye ne-367 (6.6%) njengabahlukumezi phakathi nonyaka odlule. Ezinhlobonhlobo ezinamandla, izinkinga ze-IA zanda ngamahora we-intanethi kumafoni omakhalekhukhwini nokusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi ngezimpelasonto, ukuvakashelwa kwe-intanethi, ukusetshenziselwa izingxoxo zokuxhumana kanye nokubandakanyeka ekuqhumeni kwe-intanethi. Izisulu ze-Cyberbullying cishe zazibadala, abesifazane, i-Facebook nabasebenzisi bezingxoxo, kuyilapho abenzi bokuhlukumeza bekungaba yindoda, abasebenzisa i-intanethi abakhulu nabalandeli bezithombe zocansi. Umenzi wobugebengu wayenamathuba amaningi kakhulu okuba nesisulu [isilinganiso sokulinganisela (OR) = 5.51, isikhathi sokuzethemba (CI): 3.92-7.74].
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi ngengozi phakathi kwabafundi besikole esiphakeme: Ukuvama, izici ezihlobene nokuhlukana kobulili (2017)
I-Psychiatry Res. 2017 Jul 24; 257: 163-171. i-doi: 10.1016 / j.psychres.2017.07.039.
Lolu cwaningo luhlose ukukala ukusabalala kokusetshenziswa kwe-Inthanethi kwe-Problematic (PIU) phakathi kwabafundi besikole esiphakeme futhi ukukhomba izici ezihlobene ne-PIU ebeka ukungezwani kobulili. Abafundi bagcwalisa imibuzo yokuzibuza, engaziwa ukuqoqa ulwazi ngezici zabantu kanye namaphethini wokusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi. Ukuhlaziywa kokuphindaphindiwe kwezinto eziningi kwenziwa ukukhomba izici ezihambisana ne-PIU kwisampula jikelele kanye nobulili.
Izikole ezingamashumi amabili nanhlanu nabafundi be-2022 bahlanganyela kulolu cwaningo. Ukuphakama kwe-PIU kwakuyi-14.2% phakathi kwamadoda nabangu-10.1% phakathi kwabesifazane. Abesilisa abaneminyaka engu-15 nabesifazane abaneminyaka engu-14 banemiphumela ephakeme kakhulu ye-PIU eyadlula kancane kancane ngobudala phakathi kwabesifazane. Kuphela i-13.5% yabafundi abathi abazali balawula ukusetshenziswa kwabo kwe-intanethi. Tuzwa ukuzwa unesizungu, ukuvama kokusetshenziswa, inani lamahora okuxhuma, nokuvakashela amawebusayidi e-pornography kuhlotshaniswa nengozi ye-PIU kulababili bobulili. Ukuya ezikoleni zokufundela, imisebenzi yokuxoxa nokulayishwa kwefayela, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwendawo ye-intanethi phakathi kwabesilisa, futhi insizwa encane phakathi kwabesifazane ihlotshaniswa ne-PIU, ngenkathi ukuseshwa kolwazi kwakuvikela phakathi kwabesifazane. I-PIU ingaba inkinga yezempilo yomphakathi eminyakeni elandelayo. Imiphumela yempilo yengqondo nengqondo kufanele ifundwe.
Ukulutha kwegeyimu yevidiyo kumuntu omdala okhulayo: Ubufakazi obuphambene nesifo sempilo emidlalweni yemilutha yevidiyo uma kuqhathaniswa nokufaniswa nokulawula okunempilo (i-2017)
J Kuthinta Ukungezwani. 2017 Aug 18; 225: 265-272. i-doi: 10.1016 / j.jad.2017.08.045.
Stockdale L1, Coyne SM2.
I-Intanethi ye-Gaming Disorder Scale (IGDS) iyisilinganiso esasetshenziswa kakhulu sokulutha kwegeyimu yevidiyo, i-pathology ethinta iphesenti elincane labantu bonke abadlala imidlalo yevidiyo. Abesilisa abadala abavusa amadlingozi banamathuba amakhulu kakhulu okuba umlutha wemidlalo yevidiyo. Bambalwa abacwaningi abaye bahlola indlela abantu abafanelekela ngayo njengemilutha yemidlalo yevidiyo esekelwe kwi-IGDS uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawulwa okuhambisanayo ngokusekelwe eminyakeni yobudala, ubulili, ubuhlanga, nesimo somshado.
Izilingo zazinempilo yengqondo empofu kanye nokusebenza kokuzicabangela kubandakanya ukulawulwa kokucindezeleka okungapheli kanye nezimpawu ze-ADHD uma kuqhathaniswa nezilawuli. Ukwengeza, izidakamizwa zonakalisa ubunzima obungokomzwelo obubandakanya ukucindezeleka okwenyukayo nokukhathazeka, ukuzizwa behlulekile ngokwengeziwe, futhi babe nethuba lokubonisa izimpawu zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi. Amantombazane emidlalweni yemidlalo yamavidiyo ayesengozini ehlukile yemiphumela emibi.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi kunenkinga njengenkinga ehlobene neminyaka eminingi: Ubufakazi obuvela ekuhloleni kwezindawo ezimbili (2018)
Umlutha Behav. 2018 Feb 12; 81: 157-166. i-doi: 10.1016 / j.addbeh.2018.02.017.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi okunzima (i-PIU; okunye okubizwa ngokuthi yi-Inthanethi Ye-Addiction) kuyinkinga ekhulayo emiphakathini yanamuhla. Inhloso yethu kwakuwukukhomba imisebenzi ethize ye-intanethi ehlotshaniswa ne-PIU futhi sihlole indima yokulinganisela yobudala nobulili kulawo mahlangano. Sithole abahlanganyeli be-1749 abaneminyaka engu-18 nangaphezulu ngezikhangisi zabezindaba kwinhlolovo esekelwe kuyi-Intanethi kumasayithi amabili, enye e-US, neyodwa eNingizimu Afrika; sasebenzise ukulungiswa kwe-Lasso ukuhlaziywa.
Imisebenzi ye-intanethi eqondile yayihlotshaniswa nezinkampani eziphezulu zokusebenzisa i-intanethi eziyinkimbinkimbi, kufaka phakathi ukushisa okujwayelekile (i-lasso β: 2.1), ukudlala kwe-intanethi (β: 0.6), ukuthengwa kwe-intanethi (β: 1.4), ukusetshenziswa kwamawebhusayithi e-auction online (β: 0.027), ezenhlalakahle inethiwekhi (β: 0.46) nokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile eziku-inthanethi (β: 1.0). Ubudala buhlolisise ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-PIU nemidlalo yokudlala indima (β: 0.33), ukugembula ku-inthanethi (β: 0.15), ukusetshenziswa kwamawebhusayithi endali (β: 0.35) nokusakazwa kwemidiya (β: 0.35), nobudala obudala obuhlotshaniswa nokuphakama amazinga we-PIU. Kwakunobufakazi obungaqondakali bobulili nobulili × imisebenzi ye-inthanethi ehlotshaniswa nezikolo zokusebenzisa i-intanethi eziyinkinga. Isifo sokukhathazeka (ADHD) nesifo sokukhathazeka komphakathi sasihlotshaniswa nezikolo eziphezulu ze-PIU kubahlanganyeli abasebasha (iminyaka engu-25, β: 0.35 no-0.65 ngokulandelana), kanti ukukhathazeka okujwayelekile (GAD) nesifo sokucindezela ngokweqile (OCD) kuhlotshaniswa nezikolo eziphezulu ze-PIU kubahlanganyeli abadala (iminyaka> 55, β: 6.4 no-4.3 ngokulandelana).
Izinhlobo eziningi zokuziphatha kwe-intanethi (isib. Ukuthenga, izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, ukushona okujwayelekile) kunomzimba oqinile nokusetshenziswa kabi kwe-intanethi kunokudlala ngokusekela ukuhlukaniswa kwezinkinga zokusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi njengenkinga eningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imisebenzi ye-intanethi kanye nokuxilongwa kwezifo zengqondo ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi eziyinkinga ziyahlukahluka ngobudala, okubangelwa yimpilo yomphakathi.
Ukufingqa, i-DSM-5 igcizelela ukukhubazeka kwegeyimu ye-intanethi njenge-disorder disorder, kodwa ezinye izinhlobo zokuziphatha kwe-intanethi (isib. Ukuyothenga, izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, ukushona okujwayelekile) kuthwala ubuhlobo obunamandla nokusetshenziswa kabi kwe-intanethi kunokudlala. Ukuxilongwa kwezinhliziyo kanye nemisebenzi ye-intanethi ehlotshaniswa nokusetshenziselwa kwe-intanethi yezinkinga kuhlukahluka ngobudala, okutholakele okunomthelela wezempilo emphakathini. Le miphumela ifaka ulwazi olulinganiselwe mayelana nemisebenzi ye-intanethi ehlotshaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi okunenkinga futhi ingabangela ukuhlukaniswa kokusetshenziswa kokusetshenziswa kwe-inthanethi okunenkinga njenge-disorder multifunctional.
Izici zokungaziphathi kahle nokuziphatha okuhlobene nomlutha ebusheni (2018)
J Behav Addict. 2018 Apr 12: 1-14. i-doi: 10.1556 / 2006.7.2018.22.
Rømer Thomsen K1, I-Callesen MB1, Hesse M1, I-Kvamme TL1, Pedersen MM1, Pedersen MU1, I-voon V2.
Ingemuva futhi ihlose
Ukungaziphathi kahle kuyingozi yokuziphatha okuluthayo. I-UPPS-P imodeli yokungabi nesimo sokuzikhandla iye yahlotshaniswa nokulutha izidakamizwa nokubheja kokugembula, kodwa indima yayo kwezinye izimo ezihlobene nokulutha izidakamizwa azihambisani kahle. Sifuna ukuhlola izinhlangano phakathi kwe-UPPS-P imfanelo yokungathandabuzi kanye nezinkomba zezinto eziningi eziphathelene nezidakamizwa nokungahambisani nemithi ebusheni ngokuzibandakanya okungafani kulezi zimo.
izindlela
Ababambiqhaza (N = 109, abaneminyaka engu-16-26, abesilisa abangama-69%) bakhethwe ocwaningweni lukazwelonke ngokususelwa ezingeni labo lokukhipha izinkinga ukuze kutholakale ukusatshalaliswa okubanzi kokubandakanyeka ekuziphatheni okuhlobene nokulutha. Ababambiqhaza bagcwalise uhlu lwemibuzo lwe-UPPS-P kanye nemibuzo ejwayelekile yokuhlola ukusetshenziswa kwezinkinga (utshwala, insangu, nezinye izidakamizwa) nezinto ezingezona izinto (imidlalo ye-Intanethi, izithombe zocansi, nokudla). Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Regression kwakusetshenziselwa ukuhlola izinhlangano eziphakathi kwezimpawu zokungafuneki nezinkomba zokuziphatha okuhlobene nokulutha.
Imiphumela
Isibonelo se-UPPS-P sasihlotshaniswa kahle nezinkomba zazo zonke izimo ezihlobene nokulutha umlutha ngaphandle kokudlala i-intanethi enenkinga. Ezimweni ezihlelwe ngokugcwele, ukufunwa kwezinzwa nokuntuleka kokubekezela kwakuhlotshaniswa nokusetshenziswa kokwephuza utshwala, ukuphuthumayo kwakuhlotshaniswa nokusetshenziswa okunzima kwe-cannabis, nokuntuleka kokubekezela kwakuhlotshaniswa nokusetshenziswa kabuhlungu kwezinye izidakamizwa kune-cannabis. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphuthuma nokuntuleka kokubekezela kwakuhlotshaniswa nokudla ngokweqile nokuntuleka kokubekezela kwakuhlobene nokusetshenziswa kanzima kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile.
Ingxoxo neziphetho
Sigcizelela indima yokuziphatha okungahambisani nokuziphatha okuhlobene nokulutha izidakamizwa eziningi. Okutholakele kwethu kwentsha engcupheni kubonisa ukuphuthuma kanye nokuntuleka kokubekezela njengento engaba yinto engaba khona ekuthuthukiseni izidakamizwa futhi njengezinhloso zokuvimbela ukuvimbela.
I-PMID: 29642723
I-DOI: 10.1556/2006.7.2018.22
I-Manifesto yenethiwekhi yezokucwaninga yaseYurophu ekusetshenzisweni kwe-Intanethi ye-Intanethi (i-2018)
Okthoba 2018, European Neuropsychopharmacology
I-DOI: 10.1016 / j.euroneuro.2018.08.004
Iprojekthi: I-COST Action 16207 inethiwekhi yaseYurophu ye-Intanethi yokusetshenziswa kwe-Inthanethi
I-Lab: I-Laboratory yeMithi Yokuziphatha
I-Intanethi manje isakaze yonke indawo emhlabeni wonke. Ngenkathi isebenzisekile kahle (isib. Ukufinyelela okusheshayo kolwazi, ukusabalalisa izindaba ngokushesha), abantu abaningi bakhula Ukusetshenziswa Kwe-Inthanethi (i-PUI), i-ambulumu igama elifaka ububanzi bokuziphatha okuphazamisayo okuphindaphindiwe. I-intanethi ingaba njengendlela yokuhambisa, futhi ingabangela ukuba, kusebenze ngokukhubazeka kokuziphatha kuhlanganise nokudlala ngokweqile nokucindezela ividiyo, ukuziphatha okucindezelayo ngokobulili, ukuthenga, ukugembula, ukusakaza noma ukusebenzisa amanethiwekhi omphakathi. Kunokukhathazeka okukhulayo komphakathi kanye negunya lezeMpilo likazwelonke mayelana nezindleko zezempilo nezomphakathi ze-PUI esikhathini sonke sempilo. I-Gaming Disorder icatshangelwa ukufakwa njengokuphazamiseka kwengqondo ezinhlelweni zokuhlukanisa izifo, futhi ibhalwe ohlwini lwe-ICD-11 olukhishwe ukuze lucutshungulwe ngamaLungu Amazwe. Ucwaningo oluningi luyadingeka kwizincazelo zokuphazamiseka, ukuqinisekiswa kwamathuluzi omtholampilo, ukwanda, imingcele yemitholampilo, i-biology esekwe ebuchosheni, umthelela kwezenhlalo nakwezempilo nakwezomnotho, nasekungeneleleni okuqinisekisiwe ngokomthetho nezindlela zenqubomgomo. Ukwehluka okungaba khona kwamasiko kubukhulu nobunjalo bezinhlobo namaphethini e-PUI kudinga ukuqondwa kangcono, ukwazisa inqubomgomo yezempilo ephelele nokuthuthukiswa kwensizakalo. Kuze kube manje, i-EU ngaphansi kweHorizon 2020 yethule uhlelo olusha lweminyaka emine lwe-European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action Programme (CA 16207), ehlanganisa ososayensi nabelaphi abavela kuyo yonke imikhakha yokuphazamiseka, okuphoqelela, kanye nokulutha, ukuqhubekisela phambili ucwaningo oluxhunyanisiwe phakathi kwemikhakha eyahlukene ku-PUI kulo lonke elaseYurophu nakwamanye amazwe, ekugcineni lifuna ukwazisa izinqubomgomo zokulawula nokusebenza kwemitholampilo. Leli phepha lichaza izinto eziyisishiyagalolunye eziseqhulwini nezingafinyeleleka ocwaningweni ezikhonjwe yiNethiwekhi, ezidingekayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqonda kwe-PUI, ngenhloso yokuhlonza abantu abasengozini yokungenelela kusenesikhathi. Inethiwekhi izonika amandla amanethiwekhi okucwaninga abambisene, imininingwane yolwazi yamazwe ngamazwe eyabiwe, izifundo zamakhosi amaningi kanye nokushicilelwa okuhlangene.
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