NgeSpanishi. Xhumanisa ku-PDF
I-Adicción a la pornografía: i-interncia atencional y gravedad del Consumo
August 2019
I-DoI: 10.17060 / ijodaep.2019.n1.v4.1550
ILayisenseCC BY-NC-ND 4.0
V. Cervigón Carrasco, Jesús Castro-Calvo, Beatriz Gil, JuliáBeatriz, Gil Juliá, Rafael Ballester-Arnal, Rafael Ballester-Arnal
UKUQALA
Imilutha yezocansi: ukunakwa kokunaka kanye nobubi bokuziphatha.
Isingeniso: Ukusetshenziswa okuthe xaxa kwe-Information and Comunication Tecnologies (ICT) ne-intanethi emphakathini wethu kwandise izindlela ezintsha zokulutha. Ngenxa yezinkinga zayo zempilo yomphakathi, okunye okubaluleke kakhulu umlutha we-cybersex, futhi ikakhulukazi ekusetshenzisweni kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ngokweqile nangokuyinkinga. Inombolo enkulu yezifundo iveze ukuthi kwabanye abantu, ukubuka izithombe ezingcolile kungaba ngokweqile futhi kungalawulwa, kudale izinkinga eziningana ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zempilo. Ngalesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukuhlola izimbangela kanye nabagcini kule nkinga. Kuthunyelwe ukuthi enye yalezi zinto zingaba yikhono lokuqukethwe kwezithombe zocansi lokuheha futhi sebenzisa izinsiza zokubhekisisa (ukusebenzelana kabusha kweqiniso). Inhloso yalolu cwaningo ukuhlola ukuhlobana phakathi kokuphazanyiswa ukunaka okwenziwe ukubuka okuqukethwe okuqukethe ezocansi kanye nobulukhuni balesi simo.
Indlela: Ukuhlola lokhu kucatshangelwa kokunakwa, sakha futhi sasebenzisa umsebenzi wokuhlola eqenjini lababambe iqhaza abaneminyaka yobudala ephakathi kweminyaka eyi-18 nengama-35. Umsebenzi wokuhlola wawususelwa ku-parroigm yomsebenzi we-Stroop: ababambiqhaza baphendule ngasikhathi sinye kulo msebenzi wokunakwa lapho bevezwa izinhlobo ezine zokuqukethwe (ividiyo ye-pornogic, i-sitcom, umdlalo wevidiyo nokuqukethwe okuphansi okusebenzayo-indoda ifunda iphephandaba-). Abahlanganyeli bathole isisekelo sokungawanaki amavidiyo futhi bagxile ekuphenduleni ngokushesha nangokunembe umsebenzi we-Stroop.
Imiphumela: Izinga lokungenelela kokunaka okwenziwe yizithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuqhathaniswa nokunye okuqukethwe kwahlolwa ngokuqhathanisa phakathi kwezikhathi zokuphendula okuphakathi nempendulo efanele namaphutha esivivinyo ngasinye. Le miphumela, lapho sikhombise khona umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezimo zokuhlola, izodalulwa ngokuningiliziwe ngesikhathi kwethulwa isifundo.
Iziphetho: Lolu cwaningo lwesekela, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ikhono elikhulu lokuqukethwe kwe-multimedia ehlukene (phakathi kwabo, izithombe zocansi), ukuheha nokudla izinsiza zokunaka; ngakolunye uhlangothi, futhi kuqokomisa ubudlelwane obuqinile nekhono lokungenelela kokunaka okunamandla alo wokulutha. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukufaka izindlela ezintsha zomtholampilo ezibhekana nalesi sici emazingeni ahlukene: ukuvimbela, ukuhlola, kanye nokwelashwa.
Amagama agqamile: umlutha wezocansi; ukunaka okubhekwayo; abantu abasha
INDAWO
Ngokubonakalayo, ukuluthwa kokuziphatha kuthatha izintambo ezinobuthi ngokuya ngokuhlobene nenhlalo-yenhlanzeko:
✓ I-DSM-5 kanye nokubuyekezwa kwakamuva kwe-WHO International Classization of Diseases (ICD-11) kuqaphela umlutha womdlalo wevidiyo njengesithombe esigcwele semitholampilo.
Behavior Ukuziphatha kocansi okuphoqelelayo kuye kwaqashelwa futhi njengesithombe somtholampilo yi-ICD-11 (ukuphazamiseka kokulawula ukungathandeki).
✓ Ukuthandwa kwamapulatifomu anjengeNetflix kanye nenani lesikhathi abantu abachitha kulo kuholele embuzweni wokuthi ngabe ukubukela uchungechunge lwe-TV kungaba umlutha yini.
◊ Abantu abanokulutha kokuziphatha babonisa ukusebenza okuhle kwengqondo (isb., Ukugxambukela okubhekiwe) entweni yokulutha kwabo, okwaziwa ngokuthi yi- "cue reactivity".
Ngakho-ke, ukuphazanyiswa okubhekwayo kusuka ekuchayweni kokuthile okubangelwa umlutha ongaba umlutha kufanele kubikezele ubukhulu bezinga lezimilo
Hlaziya ukuthi ngabe izinga lokuphazanyiswa kwengqondo okubangelwa ukuvezwa kokuthatheka okungamlutha okuhambelana nezinkomba zokusetshenziswa ngokweqile nokuyinkinga.
Umsebenzi wokuhlola ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo (kusizwa ikhompyutha):
Le Ukuqedwa koku-1 komsebenzi we-Stroop ngaphandle kokukhuthaza okufanayo (isimo sokulawula).
✓ Ukuqedwa kwesibili komsebenzi we-Stroop ngesikhathi sokuchayeka kokuthonya okungenzeka kube umlutha.
Inter Ukungenelela kokunaka = ngezikhathi zokuphendula ezijwayelekile (TR) maqondana nesimo sokulawula.
Izinkomba zokusebenzisa ngokweqile futhi okunezinkinga (umbiko ozibizela wena):
Qu Imvamisa yokusetshenziswa kwe: (1) izithombe zocansi; (2) Uchungechunge lweTV; kanye (3) nemidlalo yamavidiyo.
Ver Ubukhulu bokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile: I-Internet Sex Screening Test (SST).
Ver Ukwehla kokusetshenziswa kochungechunge lwe-TV: I-Binge-Ukubuka Ukuzibandakanya kanye Nezimpawu (BWESQ).
✓ Ubulukhuni bokusetshenziswa kwegeyimu yevidiyo: I-Intanethi ye-Gaming Disorder Test (IGDT-10).
Njengoba kwakuthathwa ngokomqondo, abahlanganyeli abanobunzima obukhulu (hhayi njalo) ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi bakhombisa ukuphazamiseka okukhulu
qaphela lapho uqeda umsebenzi weStroop ngenkathi ubuka izithombe zocansi.
Abasebenzisi abajwayelekile kakhulu bemidlalo yevidiyo (hhayi abasebenzisi abanenkinga kakhulu) bakhombise nezinga eliphakeme lokuphazamiseka ngesikhathi
Umsebenzi we-Stroop ngenkathi uqedwa ngenkathi kuvezwa imidlalo yevidiyo.
Noma imvamisa noma ubudisi bokusetshenziswa kochungechunge lwe-TV kuhambelana nezinga lokuphazamiseka kwengqondo ngesikhathi sokubuka.
◊ Kuyaqinisekiswa ngokwengxenye ukuthi ukuchayeka ekuziphatheni okuluthayo okuphazamisa ukucubungula kwengqondo
UKUKHULUMA
Ngalo lonke lolu cwaningo sizamile ukuhlola amandla okhiye bezocansi, kulokhu njengamavidiyo wezithombe zocansi, ukuphazamisa nokuthinta ukunakwa nokucutshungulwa kwezinye izinkinobho zokuvuselela: okungukuthi, umphumela ongatholwa yizithombe zobulili ezingcolile okwehlukile imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yokuqonda nokusebenza okuphezulu, ngenhloso yokuchaza ukubekezela kanye nokwehluleka ukuphazamisa ukusetshenziswa nokuziphatha okwenza uchungechunge lwezingxabano nezinkinga empilweni yomlutha wezocansi ku-inthanethi. Ngokuqondile, izamile ukudweba nokudweba ubudlelwano phakathi kwesumo yalesi, okusetshenziswe kuso ipharadigm evunyelwe futhi ephindaphindwe kakhulu njengoba kungumsebenzi wokunaka uStroop. Ukwenza lokhu, ababambiqhaza abangama-58 abaneminyaka ephakathi kweyi-18 nengama-35 baqashwa futhi benza umsebenzi wokuhlola wokuhlola lo mphumela. Ukukhethwa kwaleli banga lobudala kwakungeyona into engahleliwe, kepha ucwaningo oluningi lukhombisa ukuthi abantu abasebasha baxhumeke kakhulu kuzo zonke izinhlobo zama-OSA (Egan & Parmar, 2013; Meerkerk, Van Den Eijnden & Garretsen, 2006), ukuze kuhlolwe lo mkhakha wabantu kuzoba luhlaza ngokwengeziwe ukuze kukhishwe imiphumela eminingi futhi kwenziwe imiphumela engemihle.Idatha etholwe kulolu cwaningo isekela i-hypothesis yokuqala ngokwengxenye. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sekuqinisekisiwe ukuthi izikhathi zokuphendula zinde ngokwedlulele ngesikhathi somsebenzi uStroop ngasikhathi sinye nokuboniswa kokuqukethwe kocansi, okusho ukuthi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ziveza kahle ukuphazamiseka okucacile kwengqondo. Le miphumela ihambisana nemiphumela etholwe yi-Macapagal et. ku-. (2011) esifundweni sakhe, lapho ukusebenzisa umbandela iGo / NoGo sekuvele kutholakale ithonya elicacile lezisusa zocansi lapho kucutshungulwa okubi kakhulu futhi amazinga aphansi okunakwa anikezwe ezinye izinto ezibalulekile nawo kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi Hhayi njengophumayo njengocansi. Le datha ingachazwa ngokubhekisa ekusebenzeni okuhle noma ekuvuseleleni okukhiqiza okhiye bezocansi obuhambisana nobungqabavu babo namandla (Wéry & Billieux, 2017; Laier, Pawlikowski, Pekal, Schulte & Brand, 2013). Kodwa-ke, akutholakalanga ukuthi okuqukethwe okunezithombe zocansi kunomthelela kwinani lempumelelo, ukwehluleka noma ukweqiwa, noma ngabe yini ebengiyicabangile ekuqaleni futhi bekungeke kuqinisekiswe, ngoba umehluko otholakele ubungewona Ubalulekile ngokwezibalo.
Yize kungahlolisiswanga kahle, ngokubheka imininingwane etholakele kubonakala sengathi Amandla wokuthwebula izinsizakalo zokubheka awanikezwa kuphela ezithombeni zobulili ezingcolile, kepha futhi anika, ngezinga elincane nangendlela elinganiselayo, okunye okuqukethwe okucebile futhi isebenzisane ngezihloko, njengochungechunge lwethelevishini, njengomthombo wesisusa, ukuzijabulisa kanye nokuqothula imizwelo nezimo zengqondo. Ukulandela lesi sakhiwo kungakulindela okufanayo kusuka kuma-videogames, kepha kulolu cwaningo akukho mandla amakhulu atholakele abuyiselwe ukuqaphela. Enye incazelo engenzeka ukuthi imidlalo yevidiyo ngokwayo ayinaye umucu wokulungiselela ovumela isibukeli ukuthi singene kubo ngokubona okulula, ngakho-ke ngeke basebenzisane kakhulu nezifundo. Okusho ukuthi, uma esikhundleni sevidiyo emayelana nemidlalo yevidiyo, ababambiqhaza ngabe bathola ithuba lokudlala (okungukuthi, ziveze umthamo wokuntywiliselwa ngokuphelele wemidlalo yevidiyo), kungenzeka imiphumela yayiyohluka kakhulu.Amandla we lolu cwaningo luwukuthi ababambiqhaza bafake bobabili ubulili, obekungaba yinto entsha, ngoba ucwaningo lwendabuko ngokuphoqelela kanye nokulutha ngokocansi kuhloswe ngalo eqenjini labesilisa (kucatshangelwa) ukwethula ukubonwa okudala kwalokhu, kushiya abesifazane bebodwa eceleni. Ngakho-ke, umugqa wesifundo esizayo esizayo kungaba ukuphindaphinda kwalolu cwaningo olufanayo futhi nokunaka umehluko ngokobulili ngomphumela wokuqukethwe kocansi kwemisebenzi yokuqonda. Ukuze wenze lokhu, futhi ukuze uthole amandla amakhulu nesisindo kulokho okutholakele, kungakuhle ukwandisa isampula yamanje kubo bobabili ubulili
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