Ukuvusa ngokocansi kanye nemidiya ecacile ngokocansi (SEM): Ukuqhathanisa Amaphethini Wokuvusa Ngokwezocansi ku-SEM kanye nokuzivocavoca ngokocansi nokwaneliseka kulo lonke ubulili nokuzizwa ngokocansi (2017)

IZIMPENDULO: Kulesi sifundo, abahlanganyeli babuzwa mayelana nokuvuka kwabo ngokocansi okuhlobene nezinhlobo ze-27 zezingcingo. Kungani abacwaningi bakhetha lezi zinhlobo ezithile ze-27 aziwa kuphela. Ukuthi abalobi baqaphela ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo "ezijwayelekile" ezazingezona "ezivamile" futhi zihlala ziyimfihlakalo zinikezwa ngezigaba zabo ezibonakalayo ezingahleliwe (ngaphezulu ngezansi).

Akunandaba, lolu cwaningo lususa isimangalo sokuthi abasebenzisi be-porn bathanda kuphela uhla oluncane lwezinhlobo. Yize ingabuzi ngqo ngokukhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ucwaningo luthole ukuthi ababhali bahlukaniswe njengababukeli bezithombe ezingcolile “ezingezona ezejwayelekile” njengezinhlobo eziningi ze-porn (bheka isigaba sabacwaningi ngokuhlukaniswa nezinhlobo zocansi ezingezansi). Izingcaphuno ezimbalwa:

Ukuthola okuphakanyiswayo kusikisela ukuthi emaqenjini [ama-porn] angabonisi e-Sexual Explicit Media, Amaphethini wokuvusa ngocansi angancishiswa kancane futhi isigaba esithile esicatshangelwe ngaphambili.

Ngokuyinhloko ngamadoda angqingili ngokobulili kanye nabesifazane abangewona abesilisa nabesifazane, abavezwa ngamazinga amakhulu okuvota ngokocansi ematheksthini angewona ajwayelekile we-SEM, okutholakele kuphakamisa ukuthi amaphethini okuvuswa kocansi okubangelwa i-SEM ezindaweni ezingekho ebhodini angase aguquke kakhulu, anganqunywa, futhi isigaba esincane esicacisiwe kunalokho okucatshangwa ngaphambilini. Lokhu kusekela ukuphakama kwe-SEM okujwayelekile futhi kubonisa ukuthi abahlanganyeli beqembu le-SEM abangewona abakhulu nabo bavuswa yizingqikithi eziningi ("vanilla").

Ucwaningo luthi lokho okubizwa ngokuthi “ababukeli bezithombe ezingcolile ezingavamisile” kuvuswa yizo zonke izinhlobo zezithombe ezingcolile, noma ngabe zibizwa ngokuthi “ezivamile” (iBukkake, i-Orgy, i-Fist-fucking) noma okuthiwa “ezingajwayelekile” ( ISadomasochism, iLatex). Lokhu kutholwa kwe-debunks meme ephindaphindwayo lapho abasebenzisi be-porn abavame ukunamathela kuhlobo olulodwa lwe-porn. (Isibonelo sesimangalo esingenasisekelo mayelana nokuthanda "okungaguquki" yincwadi ka-Ogas nekaGaddam egxekwe kakhulu Imicabango Engamabhiliyoni Amabhiliyoni.)

Kodwa-ke, ukuchema kwabalobi kuyakhanya lapho bezama ukukuthola lokhu njengobufakazi ngokumelene abasebenzisi be-porn baqhubeka baba izinhlobo ezintsha. Kulo mbhalo abalobi bathi ngukuthi ukukhuphuka kwabasebenzisi bezithombe eziphuthumayo okwenyukayo bekungeke kube khona (njalo) ukuthola izinhlobo zangaphambilini ezivusayo (huh?):

Ngomongo wocwaningo lwe-SEM, ukutholakala kwamaphethini amaningi ajwayelekile okuvusa ucansi phakathi kwamaqembu angasebenzisi ajwayelekile angaphansi kwe-SEM kungahunyushwa ngokuthi ihlukanisa nokuqhubeka kwe-satiation hypothesis, efakazela ukuthi okuqhubekayo "okuphambene" okuqhubekayo (okungewona okwejwayelekile) okuqukethwe kwe-SEM kuyadingeka ukuze kuvuselelwe ukuvota ngokocansi.³² Okungenani ezingeni leqembu, imiphumela yethu ibonakala ingavumelani nalesi sizathu, ngoba ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kokuqukethwe okungezona okujwayelekile kwe-SEM akuzange kubandakanye ukuvukela kokuqukethwe okuncane kakhulu (okuvamile) okuqukethwe kwe-SEM kumaqembu we-SEM angewona ajwayelekile.

Abalobi bathi ukuvuswa kohlobo olungavamile (ngokobulili obudlova) kufanele kuvimbele umbukeli wezithombe ezingcolile ukuba avuke uhlobo oluthiwa yi-porno ejwayelekile (okungukuthi i-Gangbang). Lokhu kuyize futhi akusekelwa ezinye izifundo. Eqinisweni ucwaningo abalubiza njengokwesekwa (citation 32) empeleni bathola okuphambene: 99.5% yabahlanganyeli ababekhuphuke baya ezithombeni ezingcolile ezingcolile (ukulala nesilwane noma i-porn yezingane) nabo babesasebenzisa futhi beqoqa i-porn engaphambuki. Bona - Ingabe izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezisebenzayo zilandela ukuqhubekela phambili kwe-Guttman?

Ngicabanga ukuthi akufanele kusimangaze ngalesi simo sokungaqondisi kahle njengoba umbhali oholayo nguGert Hald, oyinhloko yezithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile asebenzisa imibuzo yemibuzo, Izithombe ezingcolile zobulili (I-PCES). Bona ukuhlaziywa kwe-PCES lapha: Imiphumela Eziqhenyayo Yezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile (I-Hald ne-Malamuth 2008).

Manje, ake sibuyele ezihlukanisweni ezihlukanisiwe zababhali zezinhlobo zezithombe zocansi njengezithi “ezijwayelekile” noma “ezingajwayelekile.”

Njengoba inhloso yalolu cwaningo kwakuwukuqhathanisa abasebenzisi be-porn “abajwayelekile” nabasebenzisi be-porn “abangajwayelekile”, ukuhlukaniswa ngezigaba kunquma konke okutholwe yilaba babhali. Futhi, kunqunywa kanjani ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwe-porn olujwayelekile futhi olungajwayelekile? Kubukeka kungacabangi njengoba i-Orgy neBukkake beyinsakavukela, kepha i- “latex” ibhekwa njengezocansi ezingezona ezejwayelekile.

"I-Enemas" ibhalwe kanjani ejwayelekile ngenkathi i-"Bondage" ihlukaniswa njengengewona ojwayelekile? Lokhu kungaba kanjani Ama-Shades amahlanu angamaGrey ukuthengisa amakhophi wezigidi ezingu-125, kulandela ukulandelana nokulungiswa kwe-screen okunenzuzo ezintathu? Izinhlobo ezingu-50 ze-Enemas akenzanga enkundleni yaseshashalazini eduze kwakho, futhi mhlawumbe ngeke neze.

Kungani kunezinhlobo ezi-5 ezingezona ezejwayelekile, kepha izinhlobo ezi-22 ezijwayelekile? Futhi kungani okuthi "Okunye" kubhalwe njengokujwayelekile lapho kungaba yinoma yini, kufaka phakathi ukulala nesilwane noma i-porn yezingane? Isidlo sasekuseni senja!

Nazi izigaba zocwaningo:

Okuyisisekelo kakhulu se-porn:

1. amateur
2. Sex sex
3. Amabele amakhulu
4. I-penge enkulu
5. ngithanda abesilisa nabesifazane
6. Bukkake
7. Cumshot
8. Amantombazane amafutha ("abesifazane abakhulu amahle [BBW]")
9. I-fist fucking
10. I-Gangbang (owesifazane we-1 + ≥ amadoda angu-3)
11. Gay
12. Lesbian
13. Threesomes
14. I-Orgy (abesifazane abaningi namadoda amaningi)
15. ULolita (osemusha)
16. Ovuthiwe (“mama / mama / mama ngithanda ukubhebhana [MILF]”)
17. Ukushaya indlwabu (kufaka phakathi amathoyizi wezocansi)
18. Ucansi olwenziwa ngomlomo
19. I-Softcore (engeyona ecacile)
20. Amanzi amaningi (kufaka phakathi i-enemas)
21. Ubulili besilisa
22. Izincwajana zemininingwane

I-porn engeyona ejwayelekile:

1. Sadomasochism
2. Ubulili obuhlukumezayo (ukudlwengulwa okufanayo, ukuhlukunyezwa nokucindezela)
3. Okumangazayo noma okudlulele
4. Ukubambisana nokubusa (kubandakanya ukuyala)
5. I-Fetish (kufaka phakathi i-latex)

QAPHELA 2019: Umlobi u-Alexander Štulhofer ukuqinisekisile ukukhetha kwakhe ngokweqile lapho ejoyina umfelandawonye uNicole Prause, uDavid Ley nabanye ekuzameni ukuthulisa YourBrainOnPorn.com. Štulhofer futhi abanye “ochwepheshe” be-pro-porn ku-www.realyourbrainonporn.com bahlanganyela ukuphulwa komkhiqizo ongekho emthethweni nokuqhekeka. Štulhofer kwaba incwadi ethunyelwe futhi bayeke incwadi. Izenzo zomthetho ziyaqhubeka nokulandelelwa.

Imithi Yezocansi (2017).

Gert Martin Hald, PhD,U-Aleksandar Stulhofer, PhD, Theis Lange, PhD

I-DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.esxm.2017.11.001

abstract

Isingeniso

Ukuphenywa kwamaphethini okuvusa ucansi kumaqembu athile ezindaba zobulili ezicacile (SEM) emphakathini jikelele ezindaweni zokungasebenzi ezingavamile. Ulwazi olunjalo lungabalulekile ukuqonda kabanzi mayelana nokucaciswa okuphathelene nobulili ku-abasebenzisi abahlukile be-SEM.

Izinhloso

(i) Ukuphenya ukuthi ukuvota ngokobulili kungakapheli yini phakathi kokuqukethwe kwe-SEM okungalinganiselwe kungabelana ngezigaba zobulili kanye nokuzibandakanya ngokocansi, (ii) ukuqhathanisa amazinga okuvuswa kocansi okwenziwe yi-SEM, ukwaneliseka ngokocansi, nokuzibandakanya ngokobulili kanye nokucabanga phakathi amaqembu angewona ajwayelekile nalawo ajwayelekile, futhi (iii) ukuhlola ngokunemba nokuchithwa kokubikezela kwe-Non-Mainstream Pornography Arousal Scale (NPAS).

izindlela

Ucwaningo lwe-Online cross-sectional lwe-2,035 abasebenzisi abavamile be-SEM eCroatia.

Izindlela eziPhambili zeMiphumela

Amaphethini wokuvusa ngocansi kwizingqikithi ezihlukahlukene ze-SEM ze-27, ukwaneliseka ngokocansi, nokuzihlola kokuzijabulisa ngokocansi kanye nemicabango yokucansi.

Imiphumela

Amaqembu abhekene nokuvuswa kobulili kwi-SEM engeyona ejwayelekile angabonwa kuwo wonke ubulili nokuzibandakanya ngokobulili. Lezi zinhlangano ezingezona ezijwayelekile ze-SEM zibike ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-SEM okungaphezulu nangamazinga aphezulu okuvusa ucansi kuzo zonke izingqungquthela ze-27 SEM ezihlolwe uma kuqhathaniswa namaqembu e-SEM ajwayelekile. Ukungafani okumbalwa kuphela okutholakala phakathi kwamaqembu angewona ajwayelekile futhi ajwayelekile we-SEM kuzigwebo zokuzihlola ezizimele ezithandwayo zobulili, ukucabanga ngezocansi kanye nokwaneliseka ngokobulili. Ukufaneleka kwangaphakathi nokucacisa kwangaphambili kwe-NPAS kwakungcono kuwo wonke amaqembu omsebenzisi aphenywa.

iziphetho

Okutholakele kuphakamisa ukuthi kumaqembu e-SEM angasona ajwayelekile, amaphethini wokuvusa ngokocansi angase ahlelwe kancane futhi isigaba esithile esicacisiwe ngaphambili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, la maqembu awahluleli ngokwengeziwe amaphethini awo ahlobene nocansi we-SEM kunamaqembu abhekwe amaphethini okuvusa ucansi kuya kokuqukethwe okuyinhloko kwe-SEM. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhonjiswa okunembile kokubambisana kweqembu le-SEM okungavamile kungabonakala kunoma yikuphi ubulili nokuzibandakanya ngokobulili usebenzisa i-NPAS.

I-Hald GM, iStulhofer A, iLange T, et al. Ukuvuswa Kwezocansi kanye neMidiya Ecacile Ngokobulili (SEM): Ukuqhathanisa Amaphethini Wokuvuswa Kwezocansi ne-SEM kanye Nokuzihlola Kwezocansi kanye Nokwaneliseka Kuyo Yonke Ubulili Nokuzibandakanya Ngokobulili. Ubulili Med 2017; X: XXX – XXX.

Amazwi Key:

Imidiya ecacile ngokobulili, Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, Ukuvusa ngocansi, Ukuzivocavoca

Isingeniso

Ukuvusa ngokocansi emithonjeni yezindaba zobulili (SEM) sekuye kwafundiswa ebhokisithri ngokuveza abahlanganyeli ezinhlobonhlobo ze-SEM. Iziphetho ezitholakala kulezi zifundo ngokuvamile ziphakamisa ukuthi amaphethini okuvusa ucansi azwela kakhulu kumongo futhi angacabangi kakhulu kumlingisi wabesifazane kunamadoda.^{1, 2, 3} Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo oluncane kakhulu luphenye ukuvuswa kocansi maqondana nokuqukethwe okungokoqobo kwe-SEM nezindikimba (isb., Ngomlomo, ngendunu, i-gangbang, njll) abantu badalulwe noma babika ukuthi basebenzise.^{1, 4, 5, 6, 7}

Phakathi kwalabo abenza ucansi, ikakhulukazi labo abalahlwe yicala lokuhlukumezeka ngokocansi noma ngaphansi kocansi, ukuvota ngokocansi kuya kokuqukethwe kwe-SEM okuhambelana necala lobugebengu kuye kwacutshungulwa.^{8, 9} Lolu cwaningo luvame ukukhombisa amazinga aphezulu kakhulu okuvusa ucansi ku-SEM phakathi kwabahlukumezi ngokocansi kunezinye izilawuli (isib. Abangewona amacala noma abenzi bokuthi abangekho icala lobugebengu bobulili) uma okuqukethwe kwe-SEM kuvumelana nalokho okwenzekile.^{9, 10, 11, 12}

Ngokuphambene nokucwaninga okubandakanya abahlukumezekile ngokocansi noma abacwaningi be-laboratory, uphenyo olungelona ucwaningo lwe-SEM oluhlobene nokuvota kobulili kubantu abavamile aluvamile.⁶ Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo lokuphenya ukuthi ngabe amaqembu angewona ajwayelekile angabonwa yini ngokusekelwe emaphethini okuvusa ngokocansi kuya kokuqukethwe kwe-SEM awekho ezincwadini ze-SEM.^{6, 7, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17} Ukuhlonza okunjalo kungaba wusizo ngoba akunciki emandleni omuntu wokukhomba noma wokuqaphela okungathathwa njenge- “SEM-non-common” SEM. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlonza okunjalo kusekelwe kuphela emaphethini wangempela wokuvusa ucansi kokuqukethwe okuthile kwe-SEM ngokungafani nemikhuba yokubuka, okungaba (ngaphezulu) ngokuya ngokutholakala kokuqukethwe kwe-SEM oyifunayo.^{6, 7} Ngokuvumelana ne-Non-Mainstream Pornography Arousal Scale (i-NPAS), i-SEM engezona ejwayelekile ibhekisela emaphethini okuvusa ucansi ezinhlokweni ze-SEM (i) i-sadomasochism, (ii) ubufebe, (iii) ubulili obudlova (kubandakanya ukudlwengulwa okufanayo, ukuhlukunyezwa , nokuphoqelela), (iv) ukugqilazwa nokubusa (kuhlanganise nesiyalo), futhi (v) okungaqondakali noma ngokweqile SEM^{6, 7} njengoba kuboniswe ukuhlaziywa kweklasi okulandelekile. Ngakho-ke, inhloso ye-1st yalolu cwaningo kwakuwukuphenya ukuthi amaqembu angewona ajwayelekile angama-SEM angabonwa yini kulo lonke ubulili nokuzibandakanya ngokobulili ngokusekelwe ekuvusweni kocansi okubikiwe kuya okuqukethwe kwe-SEM ehlukile kwe-27.

Kancane okungaziwa mayelana nokuhlukana okuhleliwe kubantu ababika ukuvuswa kocansi kwi-SEM engavamile ngaphakathi kokunethezeka ngokocansi kanye nokwahlulela okuzihlolisisa ngezifiso zabo zobulili kanye namafantasy. Ukucwaninga okubandakanya abantu abanezinhlobo ezingavamile zokuvusa ucansi (isb., I-paraphilia) uye wasikisela ukuthi ukukhushulwa ngokweqile nokwenyuka komphakathi, izahlulelo ezingalungile, nokuhlolwa kwempilo yengqondo kungahle kube khona.^{14, 15, 16, 17, 18} Izinto ezinjalo zingase zithinte kabi ukwaneliseka ngokocansi kanye nokwahlulela ngabanye mayelana nezithakazelo zobulili kanye nokucabanga phakathi kwamaqembu we-SEM amancane abasebenzisi njengabasebenzisi abangekho abasebenzisa i-SEM.^{19, 20} Ngakho-ke, inhloso ye-2nd yalolu cwaningo kwakuwukuphenya ukuthi amaphethini okuvusa ukuhlukunyezwa kwe-SEM, ukuwaneliseka ngokocansi, nokuzihlolisisa ngokocansi nokuziqhenya kuqhathaniswa namaqembu abhekene nokuvuswa kobulili kwi-SEM engavamile.

Muva nje, uHald no-Štulhofer^{6, 7} ithuthukise i-NPAS. I-NPAS yinani le-5-lento yokulinganisa amaphethini ahlobene ne-SEM ahlobene nokuvusa ngocansi (bona futhi Izindlela Eziyinhloko Zomphumela). Kodwa-ke, ukuqinisekiswa okuqhubekayo kwe-NPAS ngokuphathelene nekhono layo langempela lokubikezela ngokufanele ukuthi ubulungu beqembu le-SEM le-SEM engavamile alukwenziwanga kodwa libizelwe.⁷ Ngakho-ke, inhloso ye-3rd yalolu cwaningo kwakuwukuphenya ikhono le-NPAS ukubikezela ngokunembile ubulungu beqembu le-SEM elingajwayelekile.

Lolu cwaningo lusetshenzisiwe idasasethi efanayo esanda kusetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa i-NPAS.^{6, 7} Ngokuphathelene nomgomo we-3rd wokutadisha, okutholakala kwamanje kufanele kubhekwe njengokuqinisekiswa kwangaphakathi kwesilinganiso sokuqala ukuze uvivinye ngokuphelele ukuqina nokucacisa kwe-NPAS.

izindlela

Abahlanganyeli nezinqubo

Idatha evela kudathasethi enkulu eqoqwe esifundweni esiku-inthanethi esigxile ekusetshenzisweni kwe-SEM, impilo yezocansi, nekhwalithi yobudlelwano eCroatia isetshenzisiwe. Ngoba abantu abangavamile ukusebenzisa i-SEM bebebalulekile, uma kukhona, ukubaluleka kokuhlaziywa okuhleliwe, ababambiqhaza kuphela ababike ukuthi basebenzise i-SEM okungenani "amahlandla amaningi" ezinyangeni eziyi-12 ezedlule abafakiwe kulolu cwaningo. Kulokhu, abesifazane babenezinkinga eziphakeme kunamadoda (izingqinamba isilinganiso = 0.16, P <.05) weqembu labahlanganyeli abangavamile ukusebenzisa i-SEM. Kwakungekho minyaka yobudala noma umehluko wezemfundo phakathi kwabahlanganyeli abasebenzisa i-SEM ngokungajwayelekile kanye nesampula yonke.

Abahlanganyeli be-2,035 abangenawo amanani alahlekile emibuzweni ephathelene nokuvuswa kocansi kokuqukethwe okuhlukile kwe-SEM kufakiwe ekuhlaziyweni. Iningi lifaka ababambiqhaza (58.2%, n = 1,185) kwakungabesifazane. Iminyaka yabahlanganyeli isukela eminyakeni eyi-18 kuye kwengu-60 (iminyaka yobudala esho = 30.75, SD = 9.47). Iningi lababambiqhaza (57.8%) babenemfundo yasekolishi noma eyunivesithi; U-41.0% wayenemfundo yesibili. Ngokuphikisana ne-15.7% yabahlanganyeli ababike ukuthi imali yabo yenyanga yekhaya ibingaphansi kwesilinganiso sikazwelonke, ngaphezu kwe-1 yesine (27.8%) babike imali engenayo engaphezu kwesilinganiso semali. Iningi lesampula libike ukuthi lisebudlelwaneni (47.6%) noma lishadile (24.0%), kanti ngaphansi kuka-1 wesithathu (28.4%) libika ukuthi alikashadi. Ngaphandle "kwemishado, imingcwabo, kanye namaholide omndeni," ingxenye enkulu yabahlanganyeli (i-45%) ayikaze iye emicimbini yezenkolo.

Ucwaningo olwenziwa ngaphezu kwezinsuku eziyishumi ngo-Ephreli 10, lwenziwa endaweni yokuhweba enikezelwe ocwaningweni olwenziwa online. Ukuqashwa kwabahlanganyeli bekuhlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi amabhanela athunyelwe ku-Facebook, amawebhusayithi amabili wezindaba ezinkulu, iwebhusayithi yokuphola online, kanye newebhusayithi yamaphephabhuku yabesifazane edumile. Amakheli e-IP ababambiqhaza awazange aqoshwe unomphela ukuqinisekisa ukungaziwa. Imininingwane eyisisekelo mayelana nocwaningo neminye imininingwane edingekayo yokuthola ulwazi inikezwe esikrinini sokuqala senhlolovo. Ngaphambi kokuthola uhlu lwemibuzo, ababambiqhaza bekufanele baqinisekise ukuthi baneminyaka esemthethweni (okungukuthi, ,2014 iminyaka). Izinqubo zokufunda zamukelwa yibhodi lokubuyekeza lokuhle loMnyango Wezenhlalo Yezenhlalo, iFakhalthi Yezabantu Nezesayensi Yezenhlalo, iYunivesithi yaseZagreb.

Izindlela Eziyinhloko Zomphumela

Ngezansi sibonisa izinkomba ezihambisana nalolu cwaningo. Isikhathi esiphezulu sokuqedela lolu cwaningo lwangaphansi kwemizuzu ye-22.

Ukwabelana ngocansi

Ukuya ocansini kuphenywe kusetshenziswa isikali se-5-point Likert (1 = kuphela ubungqingili kuya ku-5 = kuphela abesilisa nabesifazane). Ngokuvumelana noHald noŠtulhofer,⁶ Izimpendulo zababambiqhaza zahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezilandelayo: 0 = ngokukhethekile abesilisa nabesifazane (5) no-1 = okungezona ezobulili obuhlukile (1-4) ukuqinisekisa amandla wezibalo anele ekuhlaziyweni.

Ukwaneliseka ngokobulili nokuzihlola

Inguqulo ye-12-Into entsha yokugculisa ngokocansi²¹ isetshenziselwe ukuhlola ukwaneliseka ngokocansi ezinyangeni eziyi-6 ezedlule. Lesi silinganiso esihlanganisiwe sikhombise ukungaguquguquki kwangaphakathi okuhle esifundweni samanje (i-Cronbach α = 0.93), enamanani aphezulu abonisa ukwaneliseka okuphezulu kwezocansi. Ukuxazulula ukuzihlola kwabahlanganyeli ngentshisekelo yabo yezocansi nemicabango yabo, kusetshenziswe izinto ezi-2 ezilandelayo: "Intshisekelo yami yezocansi iphilile ngokuphelele" nokuthi "Imicabango yami yezocansi ingenza umuntu omubi." Izimpendulo zinikezwe kusetshenziswa isikali esinjengamaphoyinti ama-5 esilingana ne-Likert esukela ku-1 = asisebenzi kimi nhlobo kuya ku-5 = sisebenza kimi ngokuphelele. Izinto ze-2 bezihambisana kuphela buthaka (r = -0.21).

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-SEM nokuqukethwe okuyi-Spec SEM

Imvamisa yokusetshenziswa kwe-SEM ezinyangeni eziyi-12 ezedlule yalinganiswa kusetshenziswa isikali samaphoyinti angu-8 esukela ku-1 = never to 8 = daily or almost daily. Ababambiqhaza babuzwa ngokuvuswa kwabo ngokocansi okuhlobene nezindikimba ezithile ze-SEM ezingama-27 besebenzisa lo mbuzo ojwayelekile: "Sicela usho ukuthi ukuvusa kanjani ukuthola uhlobo ngalunye lwe-SEM olulandelayo?" (Ithebula 1). Izimpendulo zinikezwe kusetshenziswa isikali sohlobo lwe-Likert-point-5 (1 = hhayi neze kuye ku-5 = ngezinga elikhulu kakhulu). Izindikimba zikhethwe ngokweHald²² futhi uhlu olutholakale esidlangalaleni lwemigomo yokusesha elisetshenziswe kaningi kanye nezinhlobo ze-SEM zifinyelelwe njengoba kunikezwe amasayithi amakhulu we-SEM ezentengiselwano.^{23, 24}

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*Le ngqikithi ihlukaniswe ngokuthi "engeyona eyingqayizivele" ngokusho kwe-Non-Mainstream Pornography Arousal Scale.^{6, 7}

Ukuvusa ngokobulili kokuqukethwe okungekho Okujwayelekile kwe-SEM

Isilinganiso se-5-intengo ye-NPAS esetshenzisiwe sisetshenziswe njengendlela yokuvusa ngocansi kokuqukethwe okungezona okujwayelekile kwe-SEM (bona futhi ^{6, 7}). I-NPAS yasungulwa ukukala amaphethini ahlobene ne-SEM ahlobene nokuvuvukala ngokocansi ngokusekelwe ekuvukeni kokuzibandakanya ngokobulili kwizingqikithi ezihlukahlukene ze-SEM ze-27. Ngokwebulili kanye nokuzibandakanya ngokobulili, izinkomba ezinamandla kakhulu ze-SEM ezingezona ezivamile ezingezansi zibandakanya lezi zihloko ze-SEM ezingezona ezivamile ze-5: (i) i-sadomasochism, (ii) ukufelwa (kufaka phakathi i-latex), (iii) ubulili obudlova (kubandakanya ukudlwengula okufanelwe , ukuhlukumezeka nokucindezela), (iv) ukugqilazwa nokubusa (kufaka phakathi isiyalo), futhi (v) okungaqondakali noma ngokweqile kwe-SEM.^{6, 7} Ayikho incazelo ethile yetimu ngayinye enikezwa yi-NPAS. Ababambiqhaza babuzwa ukuthi bakhombise ukuthi bavusa kanjani ukuthola ingqikithi ngayinye ye-5 besebenzisa isikali se-5-point Likert (1 = hhayi nakancane kuya ku-5 = ngezinga elikhulu kakhulu).

Ukuhlaziywa kwesitatimende

Isu sonke sokuhlaziya sinezinyathelo ze-5. Ukuhlaziywa kwamakilasi okugcina kwakusetshenziselwa ukukhomba amaqoqo asekelwe kumazinga abikiwe okuvusa ngocansi kwizingqikithi ezihlukahlukene ze-SEM ze-27. Le nqubo inikezwe ngokuqoqwa kwedatha kuphela. Inani lamakilasi lalinqunyelwe ukusebenzisa umlando wolwazi lwe-Bayesian. Isibonelo sasihlanganiswe noMclust 5.0.1 ku-R 3.1.2.^{25, 26} Ukusebenzisa ukuvusa kocansi okushoyo kumanani wezingqikithi ze-SEM, izihloko ze-10 eziningi ezivusa ucansi kanye nezihloko ze-10 ezivusa amadlingozi ezincane ezikhonjisiwe ekilasini ngalinye elilindelekile. Okulandelayo, sihlole ukuvela kwezingqikithi ezingezona eziyinhloko ze-NPAS 5 phakathi kwe-10 kakhulu yokuvusa futhi i-10 ephakamisa izihloko ze-SEM ezincane. Isikweletu esisodwa (esingezona esijwayelekile) seklasi ngalinye sasihlanganisiwe ngokususa inani lezingqikithi ezingezona ezitholakalayo ezitholakala ezihlokweni ze-10 ezincane eziphakamisa kusukela kunombhalo wezingqikithi ezingezona eziphakathi kwezingqikithi ze-SEM ezivusa kakhulu ze-10. Amakilasi asematheni ane-score okungenani i-3 ahlukaniswe njengamaqembu angavamile okuvusa ucansi (Ithebula 2), futhi bonke abanye babekwa ngezigaba njengamaqembu avuke kakhulu ezocansi.

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G = iqembu; I-SEM = imidiya yezocansi.

*Amaqembu (amakilasi afihliwe) abonakala ngamaphethini wokuvusa ucansi angavamile avezwa ngohlobo lwe-boldface, kanti amaqembu akhonjiswa ngamaphethini wokuvusa ucansi ajwayelekile awekho. Amaphuzu aphelele (A + B) amele inani lamatimu angajwayelekile (okuphelele = 5; Ithebula 1) phakathi kwezingqikithi ezibalulekile ze-10 zeqembu elithile elikhishwa ngenani lezingqikithi ezingezona eziyinhloko phakathi kwezingxenye ze-10 ezibalulekile kakhulu zeqembu elithile. Amakilasi alandelayo ane-score okungenani i-3 ahlukaniswe ngokuthi "ukuvukela ngokocansi kumaqembu okuqukethwe we-SEM okungewona ajwayelekile," kanti zonke ezinye izigaba zaphathwa njenge "ukuvukela ngokocansi ukuze kuhlanganise amaqembu wokuqukethwe we-SEM."

Uma sekutholakale ukuthi amakilasi afunayo ayengewona ojwayelekile noma ajwayelekile, ayefaniswa nobudala nobukhulu bokusetshenziswa kwe-SEM ezinyangeni zangaphambilini ze-12 besebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwe-t. Okulandelayo, ukuhlaziywa okuphindaphindiweyo kokubheka ngokubambisana nobulungu emaqenjini angewona ajwayelekile ngaphakathi njengoba umphumela wasetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukuhlangana kwawo nezikolo ze-NPAS. Ukuhlaziya kulungiswe iminyaka nobude bokusetshenziswa kwe-SEM. Izindinganiso zokuziphatha ezitholwayo zokutholwa zisetshenziselwa ukuqhubeka nokulinganisa ikhono lokubikezela le-NPAS. Ekwaziswa ngomsebenzi wokugodla ekuvusweni ngokocansi,^{1, 27} konke ukuhlaziywa kwakulinganiselwe ubulili nokuzibandakanya kwezocansi.

Imiphumela

Okwenzelwe inhloso yocwaningo lwe-1st, ukuhlaziywa kwekilasi okufihliwe kusetshenziselwe ukuhlola izinga lapho ababambiqhaza abazibika ngokuvusa ucansi kwizindikimba ze-SEM ezihlukene ze-27 zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezihlukile ze-latent. I-vector eshiwo eqenjini ngalinye (isb., Isigaba esifihlekile) ivezwe ngokusobala ku- Umdwebo 1.

Umdwebo 1

Amazinga aphakathi kokuvota ngokobulili kuzo zonke izingqikithi ezicacile zobulili ze-27 eziphenywe. Imibuthano, izintantathu, iziphambano, nezinkanyezi zikhomba amakilasi ahlangene i-1, i-2, i-3, ne-4, ngokulandelana, njengoba ihlukanisiwe Ithebula 2. Ukubuka ngokugcwele izingqikithi ezenzakalelayo zobulili ngenombolo kukhonjisiwe Ithebula 1. Iziqephu zetimu ngayinye zilungisiwe ukuze zibe ne-0 okushoyo kulo lonke ubulili kanye ne-orientation orientation strata; Ama-y-axx ahlukene ngokwezinga phakathi kweziqephu. Kubantu abesilisa abesilisa abangabodwa kuphela, iqembu elingavamile lokuzibandakanya ngokocansi lokuvukela ucansi limelelwa iziphambano. Kwabesilisa abangewona abesilisa abangabodwa, isigaba sokuvuvukala esivumelwaneni sobulili esicacile sezindaba zobulili esivela emphakathini limelelwa izinkanyezi. Kwabesifazane abesilisa nabesifazane kuphela, amaqembu avukelekile ngokobulili evelele abesilisa abesilisa abesilisa abamele ucansi aboniswa yizintathu kanye nemibuthano. Kwabesifazane abangabodwa abesilisa nabesifazane kuphela, iqembu lezindaba ezingabonwayo ngokobulili elingaxhunywanga ngokobulili limelelwa izintathu. Wonke amanye amaqembu ahlanganiswa nabahlanganyeli abonakala ngokuvusa ngocansi ukuze kutholakale okuqukethwe kwezindaba zobulili ezicacile.

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I-criterion ye-Bayesian imininingwane ibonise ukuthi amakilasi e-4 angasese abe yisisombululo esifanele kunazo zonke kulo lonke i-4 strata (abesifazane nabesilisa kuphela kanye nabesifazane abangabesilisa nabesifazane kuphela abangabesilisa nabesifazane). Okulandelayo, sihlole i-10 evusela kakhulu futhi i-10 iphakamisa izingqikithi ze-SEM ngeqembu futhi ibalwa inani eliphelele elingezona elivamile leqembu ngalinye (Ithebula 1).

Ukwakhiwa kweqembu ngalinye kukhonjiswe Ithebula 2. Esigabeni ngasinye, ngaphandle kwabesifazane abesilisa nabesifazane abesilisa nabesifazane kuphela, isigaba se-1 latent sasibonakala ngokucacile ngokuvusa okukhulu kwizindikimba ze-SEM ezingezona ezejwayelekile. Kwabesifazane abesilisa nabesifazane abesilisa nabesilisa abesilisa nabesifazane kuphela, kuqashelwe amaqembu e-2 anjalo. Iqembu elingelona elejwayelekile lalilincane kakhulu kuphela kwabesilisa abangafani nobulili obuhlukile (n = 25, 9.5%). Kwabesilisa abesilisa nabesilisa nabesifazane abangafani nobungqingili, ngaphezu kwengxenye eyodwa kwabahlanu yabahlanganyeli bahlukaniswa eqenjini elingelona elejwayelekile (n = 1, 127%; n = 21.7, 129%, ngokulandelana), ebisephansi kakhulu kunabobulili obuhlukile abesifazane okungathi cishe isigamu sabo bahlukaniswa ku-27.9 kwamaqembu we-1 angajwayelekile avusa inkanuko (n = 2, 332%). Lokhu okutholakele kuqinisekisa ukuthi iqembu labasebenzisi be-SEM elingajwayelekile lingakhonjwa ngokuya ngokuvusa ucansi okuzibika ngokwakho kokuqukethwe kwe-SEM okungu-46.0 okwehlukile kobulili nobulili.

Abahlanganyeli beqembu le-SEM abangekho emphakathini baqhathaniswa nabathintekayo beqembu le-SEM ngokuhluka kwaminyaka nobude bokusetshenziswa kwe-SEM ezinyangeni zangaphambilini ze-12 (Ithebula 3). Ukungezwani kwezebudala kwakubalulekile kuphela kubantu abesilisa nabesifazane (t₅₈₄ = 2.07, P <.05, Cohen d = 0.17) nabesifazane abangabesilisa nabesifazane (t₄₆₁ = 3.01, P <.01, uCohen d = 0.28). Ku-3 kwezingqimba ze-4, imvamisa yokusetshenziswa kwe-SEM yayiphezulu kakhulu phakathi kwabahlanganyeli beqembu le-SEM abangajwayelekile uma kuqhathaniswa nabahlanganyeli beqembu elijwayelekile le-SEM (abesilisa abesilisa nabesifazane, t₅₈₄ = -2.97, P <.001, uCohen d = 0.031; abesifazane abesilisa nabesifazane, t₆₃₁ = -7.17, P <.001, uCohen d = 0.55; abesifazane abangabulili obufanayo, t₂₃₃ = -6.27, P <.0001, uCohen d = 0.64).

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G = iqembu; I-SEM = imidiya yezocansi.

*Amaqembu (amakilasi angalindelekile) aboniswa amaphethini wokuvusa ngokobulili engekho emphakathini atholakala ngohlobo lwesibindi, kuyilapho amaqembu abhekene namaphethini okuvusa ngokobulili angavamile.

†Phakathi kwamabandla-umehluko.

‡P <.05; ^§P <.01; ^‖P <.001.

Ngomgomo we-2nd wokutadisha, abahlanganyeli bamaqembu angewona ama-SEM angakajwayelekile ngokuvamile babika amazinga aphezulu aphakathi kokuvuswa kocansi emahlokweni e-27 SEM ahlolwe kunabathile abavela emaqenjini aphakathi kwe-SEM. Lokhu kwakuyiqiniso kulo lonke ubulili nokuzibandakanya kwezocansi. Umdwebo 1 ikhombisa ukuthi izinga lokuvukela ngocansi emaqenjini avuke kakhulu alandela iphethini efanayo nokuhleleka kwezimpendulo kuzo zonke izihloko ze-27 SEM. Leli phethini libonakala ngokukhethekile kubantu abesilisa nabesifazane abangewona abesilisa nabesifazane kanye nabancane abacacile ngenxa yabesifazane abesilisa nabesifazane.

Njengoba kuhanjisiwe Ithebula 3, Ukuhlolwa kwezintshisakalo zocansi nokucabanga kwakho kwakuhluke kakhulu phakathi kwamaqembu avusa inkanuko ajwayelekile nalawo angavamile kuphela kubantu besilisa abesilisa nabesifazane. Abesilisa abathandana nabobulili obuhlukile abavela eqenjini elivusa inkanuko bahlulele izintshisekelo zabo zocansi njengezempilo enempilo kakhulu futhi engeyinhle kangako uma kuqhathaniswa namadoda avela eqenjini elingelona elejwayelekile, ngobukhulu balomehluko mncane (t₁₇₇ = 2.42, P <0.05, uCohen d = 0.25; t₁₆₃ = -2.40, P <.05, Cohen d = 0.26, ngokulandelana). Akukho mehluko ekwanelisekeni ngokocansi phakathi kwamaqembu avusa inkanuko ajwayelekile nalawo angavamile atholakele kulo lonke ubulili nokuziphatha ngokobulili.

Ngenhloso yocwaningo lwe-3rd (ikhono le-NPAS ukubikezela kahle ubulungu eqenjini elingelona elejwayelekile le-SEM), ukuhlaziywa okuningi kokuhleleka kwezinto kwenziwa ngobulili nangokobulili. Ukulawula iminyaka nobuningi bokusetshenziswa kwe-SEM, izikolo eziphakeme ze-NPAS zikhuphule kakhulu amathuba okuba yilungu eqenjini elingajwayelekile le-SEM kuzo zonke izingqimba ze-4 (isilinganiso sokulungiswa kwesilinganiso = 1.66-2.39, P <.001). Izikolo ze-NPAS zihlala zibikezela ubulungu eqenjini le-SEM elingajwayelekile kakhulu kangcono kunalokho obekulindelwe ngengozi. Ukusebenza kokuqagela kwesilinganiso bekuphansi kunabo bonke abesilisa abesilisa nabesifazane nabesilisa abesilisa nabesifazane, okungama-68% kanye nama-71%, ngokulandelana, kwamacala ahlosiwe ahlukaniswe kahle. Kwabesilisa abesilisa nabesilisa nabesifazane abangafani nobungqingili, ukusebenza okubikezelayo kwakungu-79% no-96%, ngokulandelana.

Ukuhlaziywa kwezici zokusebenza zokuthola²⁸ isetshenziselwe ukuhlinzeka ngolwazi mayelana nokusebenza kwe-NPAS ekuhlukaniseni ababambiqhaza beqembu le-SEM abangajwayelekile kubahlanganyeli beqembu elijwayelekile le-SEM. Ukuhlaziywa kuphakamisa ukuthi isilinganiso sasinokucaca okuphezulu phakathi kwamadoda abesilisa nabesilisa abathandanayo (indawo engaphansi kwejika [AUC] = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.91-0.97) namadoda angewona awobulili obuhlukile (AUC = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.95-0.99) kanye phakathi kwabesifazane abangabesilisa nabesifazane (AUC = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.93-0.97). Phakathi kwabesifazane abesilisa nabesilisa abesilisa nabesifazane, ukunemba kwe-NPAS kutholakale ukuthi kwakungafani (AUC = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.83-0.89), okuhambisana nemibono yethu yangaphambilini (Ithebula 4).

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I-AOR = isilinganiso sokulinganisa esilungisiwe; I-NPAS = Izithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Ezingajwayelekile.

*Ilungiselelwe iminyaka nobude bokusetshenziswa kwezindaba zobulili ngokucacile ezinyangeni ezidlule ze-12.

†Ukuvuthwa ngokobulili kwiqembu elingaziwa ngokucacile ngokobulili.

‡P <.001.

Ingxoxo

Lolu cwaningo lufumene ukuthi amaqembu we-SEM womsebenzisi abonakala ngamaphethini wokuvusa ngokocansi kwi-SEM engekho emphakathini angabonakala kulo lonke ubulili nokuzibandakanya ngokobulili ngokususelwa ekuvusweni kwabo ngokocansi okubikwa ku-27 okuqukethwe okuhlukile kwe-SEM besebenzisa ukuhlaziywa kwesigaba esilandelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu cwaningo lwathola ambalwa kakhulu umehluko phakathi kwala maqembu kanye namaqembu e-SEM ajwayelekile ekuwaneliseni ngokocansi nasekuzihloliseni kwezithakazelo zobulili kanye namafantasy. Ucwaningo lubuye lwabona ukuthi abahlanganyeli beqembu le-SEM abangejwayelekile babika amazinga aphakeme aphezulu okuvusa ngocansi kuwo wonke ama-themes we-27 SEM aphenywa uma kuqhathaniswa nabathintekayo beqembu le-SEM. Le ndlela yokuphendula yayikhulunywa ngokukhethekile kubantu besifazane nabangewona abesilisa nabesifazane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isifundo sathola ukuthi ukufaneleka kwangaphakathi nokucacile kwangaphambili kwe-NPAS kwakungcono kakhulu kuwo wonke amaqembu, ngaphandle kwabesifazane abangasithandani nabobulili, ababengabambisani nabo.

Ngokuyinhloko ngamadoda angqingili ngokobulili kanye nabesifazane abangewona abesilisa nabesifazane, abavezwa ngamazinga amakhulu okuvota ngokocansi ematheksthini angewona ajwayelekile we-SEM, okutholakele kuphakamisa ukuthi amaphethini okuvuswa kocansi okubangelwa i-SEM ezindaweni ezingekho ebhodini angase aguquke kakhulu, anganqunywa, futhi isigaba esincane esicacisiwe kunalokho okucatshangwa ngaphambilini.^{13, 14, 15, 16, 17} Lokhu kusekela ukuphakama kwe-SEM okujwayelekile futhi kubonisa ukuthi abahlanganyeli beqembu le-SEM abangewona abakhulu nabo bavuswa yizingqikithi eziningi ("vanilla"). Lezi zithole zihluke ngokungafani emtholampilo ohilela iziguli ezethula ngezinkinga ezingavamile zokuvusa ucansi (isib. I-paraphilias), amaphethini okuvuswa kocansi ngokuvamile kuthiwa azinzile futhi achazwe ngokucacile.^{29, 30, 31} Sicabanga ukuthi isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu kuphazamiseka ukuthi emasethini omtholampilo abantu abanikeza inkinga engavamile yokuvusa ngokocansi kungenzeka ukuba babe yingqikithi yabantu abathile amaphethini okuvuthwa ngokobulili abaluleke kakhulu, ngokuqinile, futhi ahlobene kakhulu nalabo abangekho -izintandokazi zobulili kunamaqembu achazwe esifundweni samanje.³¹ Enye incazelo ingase ihlotshaniswe nendlela inhlolovo yethu eyamenyezelwa ngayo. Uma sibabhalisa abantu ababesebenza ngokweqile ekusetshenzisweni kwe-SEM kunezontanga zabo, khona-ke iphethini elingaphansi lokuvuselela i-SEM lingase libe umphumela walokhu ukusetshenziswa kwe-SEM okubanzi, okungahlanganisa nokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kwe-SEM.

Ngomongo wocwaningo lwe-SEM, ukutholakala kwamaphethini amaningi okukhuliswa ngokobulili phakathi kwamaqembu angasebenzisi abasebenzisi abangekho abancane angachazwa ngokuthi uyahlukahluka kusukela ekuthuthukisweni kwe-satiation hypothesis, okufakazela ukuthi okuqukethwe okuqhubekayo "okuphambene" okungekho okujwayelekile okudingekayo ukuvuselela ukuvota ngocansi.³² Okungenani ezingeni leqembu, imiphumela yethu ibonakala ingavumelani nalesi sizathu, ngoba ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kokuqukethwe okungezona okujwayelekile kwe-SEM akuzange kubandakanye ukuvukela kokuqukethwe okuncane kakhulu (okuvamile) okuqukethwe kwe-SEM kumaqembu we-SEM angewona ajwayelekile.

Ucwaningo alutholanga umehluko phakathi kwamaqembu e-SEM angewona ajwayelekile nalawo ajwayelekile ngokuphathelene nokwaneliseka ngokocansi kanye nokwahlulelwa kwezintshisekelo zabo zobulili kanye nemicabango ngaphandle kwabesilisa abesilisa nabesifazane kuphela. Kubulili kanye nokuzibandakanya ngokocansi, abahlanganyeli bavame ukugwema izithakazelo zabo zobulili ngokuthi "baphilile" nokuthi ukucabanga kwabo ngokocansi akuzange kubenze "umuntu omubi". Lokhu okutholakele kubonisa ukuthi abantu abavuswa ngokocansi yizinto ezingezona ezejwayelekile ze-SEM azizibambi ngokweqile ngendlela ehlukumeza ukwaneliseka kwabo ngokocansi noma izahlulelo mayelana nezithakazelo zabo zobulili kanye namafantasti.

Phakathi kwamadoda angqingili ngokobulili, amaqembu ajwayelekile we-SEM ahlolisisa izithakazelo zabo zobulili njengempilweni enempilo kakhulu futhi imizwa yabo yobulili "engaphansi" embi kakhulu kunontanga yabo engezona ejwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, ngoba ubukhulu balezi zohlukaniso bekungesizotha, lokwakha kwakucwaningwa ngokusebenzisa izinkomba zomuntu oyedwa, futhi ngenxa yokuthi asikho isidingo sokucwaninga okufanele senze lokhu kutholakale ngokufanele, siyakugwema ukuchaza kabanzi ngalokhu okutholayo. Esikhundleni salokho, sifuna ucwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo ukuze sibheke ngokucophelela lezi ziphumo zokuqala ngendlela ekhulisa ukwethembeka nokuqinisekiswa kwazo.

Ephenyweni lokunemba kokubikezela kweNPAS kaHald no Štulhofer,⁶ ukulawula iminyaka nobude bokusetshenziswa kwe-SEM, okutholakele kubonise ukufaneleka kwangaphakathi kwangaphakathi futhi isilinganiso sabikezela ubulungu beqembu elibhekiswe kulo lonke ubulili kanye nokuzibandakanya ngokobulili okungcono kunalokho okulindeleke ngengozi. Ukuphumelela kokulinganisa kwesilinganiso kwakungaphansi kwabesilisa abangewona abesilisa nabesilisa nabesifazane abesilisa nabesifazane. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali wezimpawu zokusebenza okwemukeli kwakusikisela ukuthi ukucaca kwesilinganiso kwakungcono kakhulu²⁸ kuzo zonke amaqembu ngaphandle kwabesifazane abangqingili.

Isizathu sokuthi u-NPAS ongenamaphesenti aphansi okuqagela phambili ekubhekiseni ubulili kungase kube ukuthi ukuhlukaniswa kokuqala kobulili okungezona okujwayelekile okubandakanya ama-gay ahlobene nezocansi, okungenzeka ukuthi amadoda angewona wesilisa ocansi angathola ukuvusa okuningi ngaphezu (kuphela) amadoda angqingili.³³ Lokhu kuzokwenza buthaka ikhono lokubandlulula le-NPAS kuleli qembu. Kwabesifazane abesilisa nabesifazane abathandana nabo, abanikezwa yi-NPAS ngendlela ehlelekile, kunezizathu ezihlukene zalokhu. (i) Kubonakala sengathi kukhona ukuthambekela emasikweni athandwayo okwamanje okuhlanganisa i-2 yezingqikithi ezivezwe ngokucacile ekuhlukanisweni kwamaqembu e-SEM angewona ajwayelekile, okuwukuthi (i) i-sadomasochism kanye (ii) nokugqilazwa, ukubusa nokuqondisa. Ukuphakanyiswa kwale mikhakha ngezincwadi namabhayisikobho njengawe Ama-Shades amahlanu angamaGrey kubonakala sengathi kuthinteka kakhulu abesifazane abesilisa nabesifazane.^{19, 20, 34} (ii) Isampula sethu sinesilinganiso esikhulu sabesifazane abafunde kahle. Ngenxa yokuthi imfundo iye yahlotshaniswa nesithakazelo ekuhlukeni kobulili, lokhu (nakho) kungathinta ikhono lokubandlulula le-NPAS phakathi kwabesifazane abesilisa nabesilisa ocansini phakathi kwedasethi yethu ikakhulukazi. (iii) Ukucwaninga ngemiboniso yezocansi kubonisa ukuthi abesifazane baqhathaniswa namadoda kaningi babe nemicabango mayelana nokubuswa.^{35, 36} Ngakho-ke, ikhono lokubandlulula lwezinto ezigxile ekubuseni lingabuthakathaka phakathi kwabesifazane ngenxa yendawo ejwayelekile yendawo efana nalezi zindaba ezicatshangelwa ngokocansi. Njengendlela yokwelapha, singasikisela ukuthi ukuhlola okuqhubekayo kwamasiko we-NPAS kuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwezinto ezingezona ezivamile kanye / noma amagama ahlukene ala themes eziyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwamadoda angewona abesilisa nabesifazane kuphela abesilisa nabesifazane abesilisa nabesifazane.

Uma ucubungula imiphumela ebikiwe, ukulinganiselwa okutadisha okudingekile kuyadingeka kucatshangelwe. Ucwaningo lwalusebenzisa isu elingasenakwenzeka lokusampula, elingalinciphisa ukutholakala kokufundwa kokufundwa, ngoba isampula sethu sasihloswe ngabathintekayo abafundele futhi abacebile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinyathelo nokuhlola okuzimele kuphela ezasetshenziswa kulolu cwaningo. Nakuba imibiko enjalo ingavamile ekucwaningweni kocansi, kungenzeka ukuthi ayilungile ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngoba iveza ukuthi kungenzeka ukuhleleka okuhlelekile.³⁷ Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuzihlola kwezintshisekelo zocansi kanye nemicabango yezocansi ehlotshaniswa nokuhlangenwe nakho okuhlobene ne-SEM kuhlolwe kusetshenziswa izinkomba zento eyi-1, engahle ingabambi ngokwanele ubunzima bale mibono (bona futhi ³⁸). Kule ndlela, iziphumo ezihambisanayo kufanele zibhekwe njengokuqala.

Ukubeka eceleni lokhu okulinganiselwe, lo cwaningo lunikeza ukuqonda kwe-1st kumaphethini amazinga ajwayelekile wokuvukela ngokocansi ezinhlobonhlobo ze-SEM kubasebenzisi be-SEM abonakaliswe ngamaphethini okuzibiza ngokobulili ekuvukeni kwe-SEM engakajwayelekile. Kulolu cwaningo, abathintekayo beqembu le-SEM abangejwayelekile basebenzise i-SEM engaphezulu futhi bazibika ngokwabo amazinga aphakeme kakhulu okuvusa ucansi ku-SEM uma kuqhathaniswa nabathintekayo beqembu le-SEM. Ngokuqhubekayo, abahlanganyeli beqembu abangeyona ejwayelekile babonisa ukuvuselelwa kwe-SEM okungalungisiwe futhi bakhiqiza izahlulelo ezingenabulungisa mayelana nezithakazelo zabo zobulili kanye namafantasti. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu cwaningo lubonisa ukuthi i-NPAS esanda kuthuthukiswa^{6, 7} ngokuvamile kubonisa ukufaneleka okuhle nokusebenza kwangaphambili kwamadoda nabesifazane abangewona abesilisa nabesifazane kuphela, okwenza ithuluzi elithembekile kubacwaningi kanye nodokotela abasebenza no-SEM kanye / noma ukuvusa ngocansi kulezi zinhlangano zomsebenzisi.

Isitatimende sokubhala

Isigaba 1

• (A)

Ukuklama nokuklama

• Gert Martin Hald; U-Aleksandar Stulhofer; Theis Lange

• (B)

Ukutholwa kwedatha

• Gert Martin Hald; U-Aleksandar Stulhofer; Theis Lange

• (C)

Ukuhlaziywa nokuchazwa kwedatha

• Gert Martin Hald; U-Aleksandar Stulhofer; Theis Lange

Isigaba 2

• (A)

Ukuhlelwa kwe-Article

• Gert Martin Hald; U-Aleksandar Stulhofer; Theis Lange

• (B)

Ukuyibuyekeza Ngokuqukethwe Kwengqondo

• Gert Martin Hald; U-Aleksandar Stulhofer; Theis Lange

Isigaba 3

• (A)

Ukuvunyelwa kokugcina kwesiGungu esiqediwe

• Gert Martin Hald; U-Aleksandar Stulhofer; Theis Lange

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