Ukuhlukahluka kokuqukethwe kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kudliwe kanye neseshini ende kunazo zonke yezithombe zobulili ezingcolile Sebenzisa okuhambisana nokufuna ukwelashwa kanye nezimpawu zokuziphatha ngokocansi eziyinkinga (2020)

Izingcaphuno eziphakamisa ukuzitika ngokweqile nokubekezelelana yizici ezibalulekile ekusetshenzisweni okuyizinkinga kocansi:

Ngokuqondile, iseshini yokubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ende kunazo zonke umuntu ayezibandakanya kungenzeka ukuthi ihlobene nokuziphatha ngokweqile, ukubikezela ngokufanele ukwelashwa, ukuqina kwezimpawu ezinesipiliyoni, kanye nemizwa yokulahlekelwa amandla ngokuziphatha kocansi eqenjini lonke labahlanganyeli bokufunda. Okufanayo bekuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kumaqembu asemtholampilo nangaphandle kwemitholampilo lapho ebhekwa ngokwahlukana.

… ..Lokhu kungakhombisa ukuthi ukuzibandakanya ekuziphatheni okunzima kwe-episodic kungaba yinkomba engcono yokuhlukunyezwa kokuziphatha kunokuziphatha okuvama kakhulu, engaxhunyaniswa kakhulu nezinga lesifiso sobulili somuntu, izimo zocansi, nezintandokazi zakhe.
… Ukuhlukahluka kokuqukethwe kwezithombe zocansi kudliwe (kusetshenziswe ocwaningweni lwamanje njengokusetshenziswa kwezigcawu zobulili ezingcolile eziphikisana nokuzikhethela komuntu kwezocansi - izigcawu eziqukethe ubulili bobungqingili, obuqukethe udlame, izigcawu zocansi zeqembu, izigcawu zocansi nezingane) wabikezela kakhulu isinqumo sokufuna ukwelashwa nobukhulu bezimpawu phakathi kwabahlanganyeli besifundo.

…. Yize umphumela ochazwe ngokwawo ungachazi ngokuqondile ukubekezelelana noma ukungafuneki, njengoba ukuthambekela kokudla izinto zobulili ezingcolile ezinezici ezithile kungabonisa ukukhetha okuyisisekelo, kokuqala, kubonakala sengathi okungenani kungahambelana namamodeli wokulutha wokusetshenziswa kocansi okuyizinkinga

. 2020 Dec 7;9(1):100276.

i-doi: 10.1016 / j.esxm.2020.10.004.

UKarol Lewczuk  1 , UJoanna Lesniak  2 , UMichal Lew-Starowicz  3 , Mateusz Gola  4

abstract

Isingeniso

Iningi lezifundo zangaphambilini ekusetshenzisweni kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile eziyinkinga nokuziphatha okuhlobene nakho kugxile kokuchazwa okunjalo kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile zisebenzisa imikhuba njengokuvama noma isikhathi esichithwa ekusetshenzisweni kwezithombe zocansi.

Aim

Sithi lokhu kungumbono omncane nezinkomba eziveza ezinye izici zokusetshenziswa kokuqukethwe okusobala, okungukuthi (i) iseshini ende kunazo zonke yokubuka izithombe zocansi (ezingase zihlobane nokuziphatha ngokweqile), kanye (ii) nokwehluka kokuqukethwe kwezithombe zocansi ezisetshenzisiwe, futhi kungaba izinkomba eziwusizo.

izindlela

Ucwaningo oluku-inthanethi olususelwa kusampula lamadoda ayi-132 abesilisa nabesifazane abafuna ubulili abafuna inkinga yokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile okunenkinga, okubhekiswe kubo ngabelaphi ngemuva kokuhambela kwabo kokuqala kanye nabafuna i-437 abangewona ukwelashwa eqenjini lokulawula.

Izindlela Eziyinhloko Zomphumela

Imiphumela esemqoka yalolu cwaningo ibikwa iseshini ende kunazo zonke, engapheli yokubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, ukwehluka kokuqukethwe kwezithombe zocansi (kufaka phakathi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zobudlova kanye nodlame), ukwelashwa kwangempela okufuna ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile okunenkinga nobukhulu bezimpawu, kanye nesikhathi esimaphakathi masonto onke esinikelwe ezithombeni ezingcolile sebenzisa.

Imiphumela

Ukuhlaziywa kwethu kukhombisile ukuthi iseshini ende kunazo zonke yokubuka okuqukethwe kwezithombe zocansi kanye nokuhlukahluka kwezithombe zocansi ezisetshenzisiwe kuthonye isinqumo sokufuna ukwelashwa nobukhulu bezimpawu ngisho nalapho isikhathi esiningi esichithwa ekusetshenzisweni kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile silawulwa.

Isiphetho

Lesi ngesinye sezifundo ezimbalwa ezihlola iqhaza lokuzibandakanya ezikhathini ezinde zokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nokuhlukahluka kokuqukethwe kocansi okusetshenzisiwe kumongo womtholampilo wokuziphatha okuyinkinga kwezocansi. Imikhawulo eyinhloko yokutadisha yindlela yayo emincane yokusebenza kokuhlukahluka kokuqukethwe kocansi kanye neseshini ende kunazo zonke yokubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwayo okuhlukanisiwe, okuku-inthanethi, nokungaziwa. Njengoba izinto ezichaziwe zinethonya elibalulekile ekufuneni ukwelashwa nobukhali bezimpawu ezinolwazi, kufanele zibhekwe ngenkathi kuhlolwa ukuphazamiseka kokuziphatha ngokocansi okuyimpoqo nezimpawu ezihlobene nakho.

Words Key

Isingeniso

Umkhakha wocwaningo ngokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile okunenkinga njengamanje usesikhathini sokuthuthuka okusheshayo nokuziphendukela kwemvelo., Lokhu kubonakala kancane ekufakweni kweCompulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD) ekuhlukanisweni kwezifo kwamazwe omhlaba, ukubuyekeza okungu-11 (ICD-11)., Uphawu oluyinhloko lokuziphatha kwe-CSBD ukusetshenziswa kwezinkinga zobulili ezingcolile, ngokuhambisana nokushaya indlwabu okuphoqelela., Kodwa-ke, kusadingeka olunye ucwaningo, kufaka phakathi idatha yesilingo yasensimini.,, Kwaphakanyiswa i-unit efanayo yokuhlonza, i-hypersexual disorder, kepha ayifakwanga enguqulweni yokugcina ye-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Revision (DSM-5).

Ucwaningo lwangaphambilini ngokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile olunenkinga lukhombisa ukuthi kwabanye, kodwa hhayi bonke abasebenzisi, ukubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kungaba nemiphumela emibi. Lokhu kufaka ukulahleka kolawulo, ubunzima ekusebenzeni ngokocansi, imiphumela emibi ebudlelwaneni bezothando nakwezinye izindawo zempilo, ukuzibandakanya kwezinye izinhlobo zokuziphatha okuyinkinga, futhi mhlawumbe nezinguquko ekusebenzeni kobuchopho. Le miphumela nayo ingaba nomthelela ekufuneni ukwelashwa.,,,,,

Kodwa-ke, lapho kuzanywa ukusebenzisa imikhuba yokubuka izithombe zocansi, ucwaningo oluningi lugxila kuzinkomba zokubala eziphathelene nokusetshenziswa kokuqukethwe okusobala: isikhathi esinikelwe ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi noma imvamisa yokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi.,,, Sithi lokhu kukhombisa umbono olinganiselwe nolula wezithombe zobulili ezingcolile zisebenzisa imikhuba. Kukhona ezinye izinkomba nezincazelo ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kokuqukethwe okucacile okungaphatha imininingwane ebalulekile mayelana nokuthuthuka nokwethulwa kokusetshenziswa okuyinkinga kepha kungafakwanga ebangeni noma esikhathini sokusetshenziswa uqobo. Ngakho-ke, lezi zinkomba zifanelwe ukunakwa.

Ngokuhlobene naleli phuzu, izifundo zangaphambilini zinikeze ubufakazi bokuqala bokuthi abasebenzisi bokuzijabulisa nabanenkinga yezithombe zobulili ezingcolile bangahlukaniswa yize womabili la maqembu esebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile njalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abacwaningi abaningi bakhombe iqiniso lokuthi izinkambiso zokulinganisa imvamisa noma isikhathi esichithwa ekusetshenzisweni kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile - futhi ngokubanzi, ukuziphatha ngokocansi - kunzima ukusungula. Futhi zingahluka kakhulu kokuphambana ngokwesiko nangokubambisana futhi kungahle kungabi wusizo njengesibonisi esinamandla sokuziphatha okuyinkinga.,,,, Ngenxa yalokhu, imvamisa ephezulu noma isikhathi esichithwa ekusetshenzisweni kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuthathwe njengokungenele ukuthola i-CSBD njengoba kuhlongozwe ku-ICD-11, okudingekayo ukugwema ukweqisa ngokweqile kwemvamisa ephezulu, kepha okunye ukuziphatha kocansi okulawulwayo.

Ukufingqa, isikhathi nemvamisa yokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile akuthembeki ngaso sonke isikhathi njengezinkomba zokuziphatha okuyinkinga kwezocansi. Sibhala ukuthi ezinye izinkomba, njengezimpawu nokuhluka kokuqukethwe kwezithombe zocansi ezisetshenzisiwe kanye nezikhathi ezinde zokubuka izithombe zocansi, ezisenkabeni yesithakazelo ocwaningweni lwamanje, nazo zingaphatha imininingwane ebalulekile. Lezi zinkomba kufanele zinikezwe ukucatshangelwa okwengeziwe njengezici ezinikela esithombeni somtholampilo sokuziphatha okuyinkinga kwezocansi, nokuphazamiseka kokuziphatha ngokocansi okuphoqelela.

Izithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Zesikhathi Eside Ukubuka Izikhathi

Ukusetshenziswa okunzima kwe-episodic kwento ethile (yezidakamizwa) noma ukubandakanyeka okunzima kwe-episodic ezenzweni ezithile (zezimilo zokuziphatha) ezingahambisana nokuziphatha okuluthayo "okujwayelekile" kubonisiwe ukuthi kunendima ekuluthweni kotshwala,, umlutha wezidakamizwa,, umlutha wokugembula,,, ukudlala kwevidiyo okuyinkinga,, nokusakazwa kwevidiyo okunenkinga. Le ndlela yokuziphatha kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa njengokuziphatha ngokweqile futhi ibonakala iyindawo ejwayelekile emilutha. Isibonelo, ikhombisa cishe ku-50% noma ngaphezulu kwabasebenzisi bezidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni., Kodwa-ke, olunye ucwaningo luyadingeka ukuthola ukusabalala kwaleli phethini lokuziphatha ngokuya ngesibonelo, uhlobo lokulutha.

Yize ukulutha kocansi noma kocansi kubonwa njengenye yezindlela zokuziphatha eziyinhloko nokunakwa kwesayensi okunikelwe kule ndlela yokuziphatha kubalulekile, ucwaningo ngokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi ezisindayo (njengoba kuqhathaniswa nokusetshenziswa okuvama kakhulu) phakathi kwabasebenzisi bezithombe zocansi eziyinkinga lincane. Esifundweni sedayari enamasonto ayi-10 esuselwa kwabafuna ukwelashwa abayi-9 ngokuziphatha okuphoqeleka ngokocansi, uLizwiecha et al ikhombise ukuthi izihloko ezi-2 kwezingu-3 ezihlanganyela ocansini nokuzijabulisa ngezikhathi zokushaya indlwabu Yize ucwaningo lwalususelwa esampuleni elincane kakhulu labantu, lunikeza ubufakazi bokuqala bendima yokubhuza ekuziphatheni kocansi okuphoqelela futhi kufanele kuvuse ucwaningo oluzayo ngale ndaba.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulahleka kolawulo ekuziphatheni ngokocansi kuyindlela yokudlulisa imininingwane okungenzeka ikhona kukho konke ukucabanga kokuziphatha okuyinkinga kwezocansi.,,,,,, Ngokubona kwethu, kungaphikiswa ukuthi ukuzibandakanya okunzima kwe-episodic ekuziphatheni okuyinkinga kungathathwa njengokuhle, uma kungenjalo - kwezinye izimo - umaki ongcono wokulahleka kolawulo ekuziphatheni kocansi kunokuziphatha okuvamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuye kwaziwa ukuthi imizamo eminingi engaphumelelanga yokulawula ukuphindaphinda indlela yokuziphatha ngokocansi ingenye yezimpawu ezibalulekile ze-CSBD, , kanye nephethini yokuzithiba, yokuswela noma yokulawula kubonakala sengathi ihlangana kaningi neziqephu ezilandelayo zokuzibandakanya okunzima kwe-episodic ekuziphatheni okuyinkinga. Ngokuya ngocwaningo olukhulunyiwe nemibono yethiyori, ukubaluleka kokuzibandakanya okunzima kwe-episodic ekusetshenzisweni kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile okunenkinga ekusetshenzisweni kwezimpawu zengqondo nokwelashwa okufuna ukufaneleka kokuqhubeka nokufundwa.

Ukuhlukahluka kokuqukethwe kocansi okusetshenzisiwe

Izinhlobonhlobo ezibanzi zezinto ezibonakalayo ziyatholakala ku-Intanethi, futhi kuye kwahlukaniswa izigaba ezahlukahlukene zokuqukethwe kwezithombe zocansi ezisetshenzisiwe.

Ukulandela uhlaka lokulutha izidakamizwa, kuye kwafakwa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kocansi okuningi kungaholela ekubekezelelaneni.,, Ngokuhambisana namamodeli wokuziphatha kocansi okuluthayo, ukubekezelelana kungabonakala ku-1 yezindlela ze-2: (i) imvamisa ephakeme noma isikhathi esichithwa ekusetshenzisweni kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile, emzameni wokufinyelela ezingeni elifanayo lokuvusa, (ii) ukufuna nokudla okuvusayo okuningi izinto ezingcolile, njengoba umuntu eba yisisulu futhi afune okwengeziwe okuvusa inkanuko.,, Ngenkathi ukubonakaliswa kokuqala kokubekezelelana kuhlobene ngokuqinile nobude nobude bokusetshenziswa, okwesibili akunjalo. Kusebenza kangcono ngokuhluka kokuqukethwe kwezithombe zocansi ezisetshenzisiwe, ikakhulukazi uma lokhu kwehlukahluka kumayelana nokusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo ezinobudlova, ezilinganayo noma ezinqatshelwe ngokomthetho zokuqukethwe kwezithombe zocansi (isb., Izigcawu zocansi ezibandakanya izingane). Kodwa-ke, yize kunezimangalo zethiyori ezishiwo, maqondana nokusetshenziswa kocansi okuyizinkinga kanye / noma nokuziphatha okuphoqelela ngokocansi, izici nokwehluka kokuqukethwe kwezithombe zocansi ezisetshenzisiwe akuvamile ukuthi kufundwe.

Kucatshangelwa izifundo ezingezona ezomtholampilo, ocwaningweni lwakamuva olwenziwe nguBaranowski et al ngokuya ngesampula elula, engeyona eyomtholampilo yabesifazane baseJalimane, ukwehluka kokuqukethwe kwezithombe zocansi okusetshenzisiwe kwabikezela kakhulu ukusetshenziswa okuyizinkinga kwezithombe zocansi. Kokunye ukuhlola kwakamuva okwenziwe nguDwulit noRzymski, I-46% yesampula elula yabafundi ababika ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile (n = 4,260) imemezele ukuthi ishintshela kuhlobo olusha lwezithombe zocansi kanti ama-32% abike isidingo sokusebenzisa izinto zobulili ezingcolile ezeqile (ngesikhathi esinobudlova) ngesikhathi sokuvezwa kwezithombe zocansi. Yize imiphumela yocwaningo oluchaziwe ingahambisani nesethulo somtholampilo sokusetshenziswa kocansi okuyizinkinga, basikisela ukuthi izinguquko kokuqukethwe kwezithombe zocansi ezisetshenzisiwe zivame kakhulu kubasebenzisi bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile futhi okungenani zingashukunyiswa ingxenye ethile yisifiso sokufuna okuthe xaxa kokuqukethwe okucacile .

Kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele, noma kunjalo, ukuthi ukwehluka kokuqukethwe kwezithombe zocansi okudliwayo nakho kungaxhunyaniswa nemibono yokusebenzisa inkinga yezithombe zocansi kanye nokwelashwa okufunwa ngezinye izindlela. Kungenzeka ukuthi abantu abanokuthambekela okuqinile kokuqukethwe okusobala okungajwayelekile, njengezithombe zocansi ezifanekiswayo noma izigcawu eziqukethe udlame oluningi, bangakhathazeka ngokuthandwa umuntu futhi bafune ukwelashwa ngenxa yalesi sizathu.
Le nkinga idinga ukuqhubeka nokuhlolwa kwesayensi, njengoba inemiphumela engaba khona ye-CSBD kanye nezinkinga zobulili ezingcolile ezisebenzisa ukwelashwa nokuxilongwa.

Ucwaningo Lwanamuhla

Njengoba kunikezwe isimo samanje socwaningo oluchazwe ngaphambili, inhloso yocwaningo lwamanje ukuphenya indima yezincazelo ze-2 ezishiwo ngezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezisebenzisa imikhuba: ubude besikhathi sokubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezinde kunazo zonke esake sazenza (mhlawumbe esihlobene nokuziphatha ngokweqile) futhi ukuhlukahluka kokuqukethwe kwezithombe zocansi kudliwe (i) ukufuna ukwelashwa, (ii) ukuqina kwezimpawu, kanye (iii) nemizwa yokwehluleka ukulawula ukuziphatha kocansi. Ekuhlaziyweni okubikwe lapha, isikhathi esilinganiselwe samasonto onke esichithwa ekusetshenzisweni kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile salawulwa. Lokhu kusivumele ukuthi siphenye ukuthi ngabe izinkomba ezichaziwe zinomthelela ekuziphatheni okuyinkinga kwezocansi nasekwelapheni ukufuna noma ngabe isilinganiso esilinganiselwe, esilinganiselwe sesikhathi esinikezelwe ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi sibaliwe. Uma kunjalo, lezi zici zizovela njengokubaluleke kakhulu kunqubo yokuxilongwa nokwelashwa kwezinkinga zokuziphatha kocansi okuyinkinga.

Izimpahla nezindlela

Isethi yedatha esetshenziswe emsebenzini wamanje futhi ibiyisisekelo somunye wemisebenzi yangaphambilini okuqukethe ukuhlaziywa okususelwa kusampula efanayo yize iqondiswe kwezinye izinhloso zocwaningo. Imodeli yethiyori neyesibalo yakha i-priori futhi yaqinisekiswa emsebenzini wangaphambilini ayihlanganisi ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi ezisindayo noma ukuhluka kokuqukethwe kwezithombe zocansi ezisetshenzisiwe kanye nokuhlaziywa kwamanje kufakazela okutholakele okwakubikwe ngaphambilini.

Ukutholwa Kwemininingwane, Inqubo Yesampula, kanye Nenqubo Yokufunda

Ukuhlaziywa kwamanje kusekelwe kuphela kubabambiqhaza besilisa, abesilisa nabesifazane. Imininingwane yaqoqwa ngenhlolovo eku-inthanethi kusuka ngoMashi 2014 kuya kuMashi 2015.

Iqembu Lokufuna Ukwelashwa. Kwabafuna ukwelashwa abangu-132, abayi-119 badluliselwa eqenjini labelaphi abangochwepheshe abangama-23 (okwakuqukethe odokotela abasebenza ngengqondo abayi-17 nodokotela bezengqondo, odokotela bengqondo abayi-4 kanye nodokotela bezocansi abayi-2). Abelaphi ababambisene babelane ngesixhumanisi esiya kwinhlolovo eku-inthanethi namakhasimende abo ahlangabezana nenqubo yokufunda. Ngale ndlela, ababambiqhaza babe nethuba lokuqedela isethi yemibuzo eku-inthanethi. Akukho mholo owanikezwa ngokubamba iqhaza ocwaningweni. Kubahlanganyeli abangu-132, abayi-13 babelwa eqenjini elifuna ukwelashwa ngenkathi kusenziwa inqubo yokuthola iqembu elilawulayo, njengoba babika ngaphambilini befuna ukwelashwa kokusetshenziswa kocansi okuyizinkinga. Bonke ababambiqhaza kuleli qembu bagcwalise izindlela zokuxilonga ze-hypersexual disorder, eziphakanyisiwe, kepha ekugcineni zenqatshwa ekufakweni ku-DSM-5. Ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi okuyinkinga kwakuyisizathu esikhulu sokufuna ukwelashwa kubo bonke ababambiqhaza kuleli qembu.

Isigungu Esilawulayo. Ababambe iqhaza eqenjini lokulawula (abafuna okungelashwa, n = 467) baqashwa ngezikhangiso zemithombo yezokuxhumana. Abahlanganyeli eqenjini lokulawula baphinde baqedela ucwaningo online.

Kucatshangelwa kokubili iqembu lomtholampilo nelokulawula, lezi zihloko beziphakathi kweminyaka eyi-18 nengama-68 ubudala. Isilinganiso seminyaka sabahlanganyeli kwakungu-M = 28.71; I-SD = 6.36 (bekungekho mehluko ngokweminyaka yobudala phakathi kweqembu lomtholampilo nelokulawula, bheka Ithebula 1).

Ithebula 1 Izibalo ezichazayo kanye nokuqhathaniswa kwezinga okushoyo (Ukuhlolwa kukaMann-Whitney U, ngosayizi womphumela ohambisanayo) kokuguquguqukayo okusetshenziswa kumamodeli wokubuyela emuva, kuya ngokufuna ukwelashwa: Yebo (iqembu elifuna ukwelashwa); Cha (iqembu lokulawula)
eliguqukayoNNgishoSDUsayizi womphumela we-η2
ZonkeYeboChaZonkeYeboChaZonkeYeboCha
1. Izimpawu zokulutha ngokocansi5611294327.2813.555.415.253.963.990.353

2. Imizwa yokuhluleka ukulawula5691324371.813.301.371.45.901.280.306

Iseshini yokubuka izithombe zocansi ende kunazo zonke (imizuzu)541129412173.73297.98134.82198.87251.71160.830.145

4. Ukuhluka kwezithombe zocansi ezisetshenzisiwe5611324291.782.171.651.231.371.160.026

Isikhathi esichithwa ekusetshenzisweni kwezithombe zocansi (imizuzu ngeviki)42889339229.86333.08202.76252.46300.13231.350.045

6. Ubudala (y)56813143728.7129.2428.556.367.715.890.000
<P <.001.

Qaphela. Ukuya ocansini kuhlolwe yiKinsey Sexual Oriental Scale, inguqulo yasePoland. Izihloko ezithola inqwaba ye-0 (ngokukhethekile abesilisa nabesifazane) noma i-1 (ikakhulukazi abesilisa nabesifazane, kuphela abesilisa abathandana nobungqingili) be-7 kulesi sikali bafakiwe ocwaningweni.

Izindlela

Ukwelashwa ukufunag ibhalwe ngo-1 (ababambiqhaza eqenjini elifuna ukwelashwa, iningi labo ebelithunyelwa ngabelaphi) noma i-0 (iqembu lokulawula, abafuna ukwelashwa).

Ukuqina kwezimpawu kulinganiswe yi-Sexual Addiction Screening Test – Revised (SAST-R),, Uhlobo lwesiPolish. Uhlu lwemibuzo lunemibuzo engama-20 (yebo / cha isikali sokuphendula) futhi luhlola (1) ukukhathazeka, (2) kuthinta, kanye (3) nokuphazamiseka kobudlelwano ngomuntu ocansini kanye (4) nokuntuleka kokulawula ezocansi ukuziphatha.

Imizwa yokulahlekelwa ukulawula ngokuziphatha kocansi ihlolwe ngombuzo owodwa: Wake wazizwa yini ukuthi isimilo sakho asisalawuleki? Izinketho zokuphendula zazisukela ku-0 (Akukaze) ziye ku-4 (Kaningi kakhulu). Yize isilinganiso se-SAST-R sifaka ukulahleka kolawulo olungaphansi, inketho yokuphendula yale mibuzo inqunyelwe (Yebo / Cha). Njengoba ukwehluleka ukulawula ukuziphatha komuntu ngokocansi kungenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu, uma kungenjalo okubaluleke kakhulu futhi kuchaza isici sokuziphatha okubi kobulili,,, sanquma ukuyihlola ngombuzo ohlukile ochazwe phambilini, okwenza abahlanganyeli bakwazi ukukhombisa imvamisa yokulahleka kolawulo.

Isikhathi eside kakhulu sokubuka izithombe ezingcolile ezingamisi isikhathi (Isikhathi sokuphila konke). Ababambiqhaza bekufanele baphendule umbuzo: "Yisiphi isikhathi eside kakhulu lapho ubuke khona izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zingapheli?" Ukuhluka kuvezwe ngemizuzu. Izifundo ezingama-86% zimemezele inani lemizuzu engama-60 noma ngaphezulu kwalokhu kuguquguquka.

Ukuhlukahluka kocansiy. Ababambiqhaza bakhombisile ukuthi ngabe izigcawu zocansi abazisebenzisile zifaka (i) izigcawu zocansi lweqembu; (ii) izigcawu zobulili bobungqingili (eziphikisana nokuzibandakanya kwezocansi kwabahlanganyeli); (iii) izigcawu zocansi ezibandakanya abantu abathandana nabesilisa nabesifazane (iv) izigcawu ezinobudlova; kanye (v) nezigcawu ezibandakanya izingane. Uma ababambiqhaza bekhombisa ukuthi basebenzisa uhlobo oluthile lokuqukethwe kwezithombe zocansi, kukhonjiswe ngu-1; esimweni sempendulo ephikisayo - ngo-0. Ngale ndlela, inkomba yokuhlukahluka kokuqukethwe kwezithombe zocansi okusetshenzisiwe ibiphakathi kuka-0 no-5, ngamanani aphezulu akhombisa ukwehluka okuphezulu kokuqukethwe okusetshenzisiwe, kucatshangelwa le mikhakha eshiwo ngenhla. Isilinganiso esisetshenziswe esifundweni samanje siyefana nezinyathelo ezisetshenziswe abanye abacwaningi ezifundweni ezedlule, yize ngokuqinisekile kungahlanganisi zonke izigaba zokuqukethwe kwezithombe zocansi ezitholakalayo (bheka futhi nesigatshana esithi "Imikhawulo nezinkombandlela zesikhathi esizayo".

Isikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi ihlolwe njengesikhathi sokuzibika esizinikele ekusetshenzisweni kwezithombe zocansi ngesonto elijwayelekile ngenyanga edlule (ngemizuzu).
Siphinde sahlola iminyaka (ngeminyaka).

Ethics

Inqubo nezinto zokwenziwa kocwaningo zamukelwa yiKomidi Lokuziphatha le-Institute of Psychology, iPolish Academy of Sciences (iWarsaw, iPoland). Ababambe iqhaza bagcwalise ifomu lokuvuma elinolwazi ngaphambi kokuqedela ucwaningo.

Imiphumela

Ithebula 1 iqukethe izibalo ezichazayo zokuguquguqukayo ezifakiwe ekuhlaziyweni, kanye nemiphumela yokuhlola ehambisanayo kaMann-Whitney U, ngokuqhathanisa imiphumela etholwe yiqembu labafuna ukwelashwa nalabo beqembu elilawulayo. Womabili la maqembu awahlukanga ngokweminyaka yobudala kuphela, kepha abafuna ukwelashwa bathole amaphuzu aphakeme kakhulu kuzo zonke ezinye izinkomba: ukuqina kwezimpawu, imizwa yokulahleka kolawulo, ubude besikhathi sokubuka izithombe zocansi okude kakhulu, nokuhlukahluka nesikhathi esinikelwe ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngokususelwa kusayizi womphumela obikiwe, iseshini yokubuka izithombe zocansi ende kakhulu yehlukaniswe phakathi kweqembu elihlaziyiwe kangcono kunesikhathi esinikelwe ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile, kubalwa okungu-14.5% kokwehluka ekufuneni ukwelashwa, nge-4.5% kuphela ebalwe yisikhathi esinikelwe ezithombeni zobulili ezingcolile sebenzisa (bona Ithebula 1).

Ithebula 2 ibonisa ukuhlangana kwama coefficients phakathi kokuguquguqukayo okufakiwe ekuhlaziyweni. Iseshini ende kunazo zonke yokubuka izithombe ezingcolile zihambisana kuphela ngokwesilinganiso nesikhathi samasonto onke esenzelwe ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi (r = 0.40, P <.001). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwehluka kokuqukethwe okusobala okusetshenzisiwe kubuthakathaka kuphela okuhambisana nesikhathi esisetshenziselwe ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi (r = 0.10, P <.05).

Ithebula 2 Ama-coefficients wokuhlanganisa (Pearson's r) phakathi kwazo zonke izinto eziguqukayo ezifakiwe ekuhlaziyweni (ngokususelwa kubo bonke ababambiqhaza)
eliguqukayo123456
1. Ukufuna ukwelashwa1
2. Izimpawu zokulutha ngokocansi.65

1
3. Imizwa yokuhluleka ukulawula.56

.81

1
4. Isikhathi sokubuka izithombe ezingcolile zobude.35

.45

.39

1
5. Ukuhluka kwezithombe zocansi ezisetshenzisiwe.18

.24

.15

.28

1
6. Isikhathi esinikelwe ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi.21

.39

.36

.40

.10

1
I-7. Ubudala0.050.000.00.22

0.070.01
<P <.05.
<P <.001.

Okulandelayo, siqhube ukuhlaziywa kwe-regression, lapho isikhathi eside kakhulu sokubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile sabikezela (i) ukufuna ukwelashwa, (ii) ukuqina kwezimpawu, kanye (iii) nemizwa yokulahleka kolawulo lokuziphatha kocansi kwisampula sonke, kanye - ngokuhluka oku-2 kokugcina - kwabafuna ukwelashwa neqembu lokulawula ngokwehlukana. Isikhathi esichithwa ekusetshenzisweni kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye neminyaka yabahlanganyeli silawulwa kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokuhlehla. Onke amamodeli adaliwe asuselwa ekuhlelweni kokungena ngenkani ngasikhathi sinye (bona Ithebula 3).

Ithebula 3 Imiphumela yokuhlaziywa okuphindaphindekayo okuhlaziya lapho iseshini ende kunazo zonke engapheli yokubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, isikhathi esilinganisiwe samasonto onke sokubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye neminyaka kubikezela ukufuna ukwelashwa nobukhulu bezimpawu zokuziphatha ngokocansi okuyinkinga esampula sonke (Konke) futhi kuya ngokufuna ukwelashwa: Yebo (iqembu elifuna ukwelashwa); Cha (iqembu lokulawula)
eliguqukayoUkufuna ukwelashwaIzimpawu zokulutha ngokocansiUkulahlekelwa ukulawula
ZonkeZonkeYeboChaZonkeYeboCha
βββββββ
Isikhathi sokubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile eside kakhulu.32

.36

.18

.26

.29

.26

.15

Isikhathi esinikelwe ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi.09

.25

.15.28

.25

.19

.27

Ubudala-.08-.14

-.27

-.09

-.11

-.16-.08
 F20.55

49.63

3.86

28.53

35.50

4.29

15.92

 R2.130.267.125.209.205.136.127
β = ukulinganisela okulindelekile kokuhlehla.
<P <.095.
<P <.05.
<P <.001.
Amamodeli okudalwa okudalwe akhombisa ukuthi iseshini ende kunazo zonke yokubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ibikezela kakhulu ukufuna ukwelashwa, ubunzima bezimpawu, kanye nemizwa yokwehluleka ukulawula ukuziphatha kocansi kusampula yonke. Lokhu bekulokhu kunjalo ngemuva kokubalwa kwemiphumela yesilinganiso sesikhathi samasonto onke esinikelwe ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imiphumela efanayo itholakele emaqenjini emitholampilo nakwangawona emitholampilo ngemizwa yokulahlekelwa ukulawula. Ubudlelwano phakathi kobukhali bezimpawu zokulutha ngokocansi kanye neseshini ende kunazo zonke yokubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile eqenjini lomtholampilo babubuhle, kepha abuzange bufinyelele ekubalulekeni (β = 0.18; P = .094). Ubudlelwano obufanayo besikhathi esizinikele ekusetshenzisweni kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile nakho kwakungabalulekile.

Esinyathelweni esilandelayo, sidale amamodeli wokuhleleka ahambelana nokwehluka kokuqukethwe kwezithombe zocansi ezisetshenzisiwe. Kulezi zinhlobo, okuguquguqukayo okukhulunywe ngakho kwafakwa endimeni yesibikezelo (i) sokufuna ukwelashwa, kanye (ii) nobukhulu bezimpawu kanye (iii) nemizwa yokulahleka kolawulo ekuziphatheni kocansi kwisampula sonke, futhi ngokuqondene nabafuna ukwelashwa neqembu elilawulayo ngokwehlukana. Futhi, isikhathi esichithwa ekusetshenzisweni kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye neminyaka yabahlanganyeli salawulwa (Ithebula 4).

Ithebula 4 Imiphumela yokuhlaziywa okuphindaphindekayo okuhlaziya lapho ukuhlukahluka kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezisetshenzisiwe, isikhathi esilinganiselwe samasonto onke esetshenziselwa ukubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nobudala babikezela ukufuna ukwelashwa kanye nezimpawu zokuziphatha zocansi eziyinkinga kusampula lonke (Konke) futhi kuya ngokufuna ukwelashwa: Yebo (iqembu elifuna ukwelashwa); Cha (iqembu lokulawula)
eliguqukayoUkufuna ukwelashwaIzimpawu zokulutha ngokocansiUkulahlekelwa ukulawula
ZonkeZonkeYeboChaZonkeYeboCha
βββββββ
Ukuhlukahluka kocansi17

.21

.20

.10

.10

.06.01
Isikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi.20

.37

.20

.38

.36

.25

.33

Ubudala-.03-.10

-.19

-.06-.07-.12-.05
 F11.51

35.87

4.68

21.68

24.33

2.65

13.83

 R2.075.205.145.164.147.086.110
β = ukulinganisela okulindelekile kokuhlehla.
<P <.095.
<P <.05.
<P <.001.
Imiphumela yokuhlaziywa ikhombisile ukuthi labo ababebuka izinhlobo eziningi zokuqukethwe kwezithombe zocansi babethambekele kakhulu ekufuneni ukwelashwa kokusetshenziswa kocansi okuyizinkinga ngisho nalapho isikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile silawulwa. Kwakunjalo futhi nangobukhali bezimpawu ezinolwazi kusampula yonke kanye neqembu lokulawula lapho licatshangelwa ngokwehlukile. Eqenjini elifuna ukwelashwa, ubudlelwano phakathi kwezikolo ze-SAST-R nokuhlukahluka kokuqukethwe kwezithombe zocansi (β = 0.20; P = .059) kanye nesikhathi esichithwa ekusetshenzisweni kwezithombe zocansi (β = 0.20; P = .052) kwakungeyona -balulekile (ukubaluleka ezingeni lomkhuba). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwehluka kwezigcawu ezibukwayo kwakuyisibikezelo esibuthakathaka, esingabalulekile sokulahlekelwa yimizwa yokulawula kunezinye eziguquguqukayo ze-2. Ukuhluka kokuqukethwe kwezithombe zocansi okusetshenzisiwe kwabikezela ukulahleka kolawulo kusampula yonke kepha hhayi kwizisekelo ezingaphansi komtholampilo nezingezona ezomtholampilo lapho zithathwa ngokwehlukana.

Ingxoxo

Ngokubanzi, imiphumela yethu ikhombisa ukubaluleka kokuzibandakanya isikhathi eside ekubukweni kwezithombe zocansi kanye nokuhlukahluka kokuqukethwe kwezithombe zocansi ezisetshenzisiwe zokufuna ukwelashwa, kanye nobukhulu bezimpawu zokuziphatha zocansi eziyinkinga. Lokhu kubaluleka akuthathwa ngesikhathi esichithwa ekusetshenzisweni kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile, okuphakamisa ukuthi izinkomba ezishiwo zinikela ekuchazeni izimpawu eziyizinkinga zezithombe zobulili ezingcolile nokufuna ukwelashwa.

Ngokuqondile, iseshini yokubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ende kunazo zonke umuntu ayezibandakanya kungenzeka ukuthi ihlobene nokuziphatha ngokweqile, ukubikezela ngokufanele ukwelashwa, ukuqina kwezimpawu ezinesipiliyoni, kanye nemizwa yokulahlekelwa amandla ngokuziphatha kocansi eqenjini lonke labahlanganyeli bokufunda. Okufanayo bekuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kumaqembu asemtholampilo nangaphandle kwemitholampilo lapho ebhekwa ngokwahlukana. Lokhu kuza ne-caveat yokuthi ubudlelwane obuphakathi kweseshini yokubuka izithombe ezingcolile zobude nobukhulu bezimpawu eqenjini lomtholampilo - elalilincane kakhulu kuneqembu elilawulayo - aluzange lufinyelele ekubalulekeni (β = 0.18; P = .091). Imiphumela etholakele iqinisekisa ubufakazi bangaphambilini, obubonisa ukubaluleka kwezikhathi zokubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezinde ezingasetshenziswanga eziyinkinga ezisetshenziswa ocwaningweni olwedlule. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imiphumela ikhombisa ukufana nezinye izidakamizwa nezidakamizwa ezingezona izidakamizwa, okusetshenziswa kwazo okunzima kwe-episodic okungenye yezimpawu ezivelele.,,,,,

Kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukuthi ukuzibandakanya kuzikhathi zokubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile akukwazi ukuthi, njengoba kufakazelwa isifundo samanje, kuncishiswe esikhathini esinikelwe ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi. Ekuhlaziyweni kwethu, zombili lezi zinkomba zibonakala zithonya ngokuzimela isinqumo sokufuna ukwelashwa. Njengoba ukwelashwa okufunwa esifundweni samanje kukhombisa usizo lwangempela lokwelashwa ekufuneni indlela yokuziphatha, futhi hhayi kuphela ukuzimisela okuzimele noma isidingo sokufuna ukwelashwa, imiphumela yamanje ikhombisa ngokusobala ukuthi isimilo esifana nokuzitika ngokweqile kufanele kubhekelwe lapho kutholakala ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqhathaniswa kwezinga okwenziwe kwabonisa ukuthi ubude besikhathi sokubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile obude kunabo bonke abebesenza ekuhlukaniseni phakathi kwabafuna ukwelashwa nabangafuni ukwelashwa ngokuthembeka kunezinkomba zendabuko zesikhathi esimaphakathi sesonto ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi (bheka Ithebula 1). Lokhu kungakhombisa ukuthi ukuzibandakanya ekuziphatheni okunzima kwe-episodic kungaba yinkomba engcono yokungaziphathi kahle kokuziphatha kunokuziphatha okuvama kakhulu, okungaxhunyaniswa kakhulu nezinga lesifiso sobulili somuntu, izimo zengqondo zocansi, kanye nezinto azithandayo.
Ukuhlukahluka kokuqukethwe kwezithombe zocansi kudliwe (kusebenza ocwaningweni lwamanje njengokusetshenziswa kwezigcawu zobulili ezingcolile okuphikisana nokuziphatha komuntu ngokobulili - izigcawu eziqukethe ubulili bobungqingili, obuqukethe udlame, izigcawu zocansi zeqembu, izigcawu zocansi nezingane) zabikezela kakhulu isinqumo sokufuna ukwelashwa nobukhulu zezimpawu phakathi kwabahlanganyeli besifundo.
Enye incazelo engaba khona yalo mphumela ukuthi ukuhlukahluka kumane nje kungukusebenza kwesikhathi okunikelwe ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile - abantu abanikela isikhathi esiningi kulo msebenzi bangadla inani eliphakeme lezinhlobo zokuqukethwe kocansi, izinhlobo, noma izigaba. Imiphumela yethu iyayikhipha le ncazelo futhi ikhombisa ukuthi ubudlelwane obuphakathi kokuhlukahluka kokuqukethwe kwezithombe zocansi ezisetshenzisiwe nokuhlukahluka okuxhomeke kukho kubalulekile ngisho noma isikhathi esichithwa ekusetshenzisweni kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile silawulwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlangana kwe-bivariate phakathi kokuhlukahluka kokuqukethwe okucacile okusetshenzisiwe nesikhathi esinikelwe kulokhu kusetshenziswa kusampula yonke bekubuthakathaka ngokumangazayo (r = 0.10, P <.05). Lokhu kuqhubeka nokuxhasa ukuhlukaniswa kwalezi zinkomba ze-2 kanye nesidingo sokuzifunda zombili ukuthola isithombe esingcono semikhuba yokusebenzisa izithombe zocansi.

Yize umphumela ochazwe ngokwawo ungachazi ngokuqondile ukubekezelelana noma ukungafuneki, njengoba ukuthambekela kokudla izinto zobulili ezingcolile ezinezici ezithile kungabonisa ukukhetha okuyisisekelo, kokuqala, kubonakala sengathi okungenani kungahambelana namamodeli wokulutha wokusetshenziswa kocansi okuyizinkinga ., Ucwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo kufanele luphenye ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi ngokuya ngezimpawu zokuqukethwe okusobala futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ngabe ukuthanda izinhlobo ezithile zokuqukethwe kocansi kutholakala ngenxa yokuvezwa kokuqukethwe okusobala kukho konke ukuphila noma kuchazwa kangcono ngokuthandwa kokuqala. Le nkinga ibonakala ibalulekile emtholampilo futhi iyathakazelisa ngokwesayensi futhi kufanele ihehe ukunakwa okuningi kocwaningo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi kokuguquguqukayo okuncike ekusetshenzisweni kwethu ekuhlaziyeni kwethu, ukwehluka kokuqukethwe okucacisiwe okusetshenzisiwe kwaba nomthelela ophansi kakhulu emizweni yokulahlekelwa ukulawula. Ngokombono wethu, enye incazelo engaba khona yalo mphumela ukuthi ukufuna izinto ezintsha ezingcolile kungashukunyiswa yizici ezahlukahlukene futhi kungahle kube inqubo elawulwayo, ngokwesibonelo, akusho ukuthi kunenkinga yokusebenzisa. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo ezithile zezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kungashukunyiswa ilukuluku, isidingo sokwethula isimilo esisha socansi ocansini nomlingani wakho, kungathathwa njengesibonakaliso sokuvuleleka kwezocansi ukuzwa, futhi kwezinye izimo kungabuye kube yisignali ye-ejensi yezocansi . Ucwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo kufanele lunqume ukuthi yiziphi izimo ezifuna okuqukethwe kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ku-intanethi ezifaka isandla ezinkingeni zokuziphatha zocansi futhi ezimweni lapho kuba yisibonakaliso esihle sezocansi nokusetshenziswa ngenhloso kwe-ejensi yezocansi.

Ukulinganiselwa Nezinkombandlela zekusasa

Isethi eyodwa yemikhawulo ebalulekile yocwaningo lwamanje ixhunywe ekusebenzeni kokuzibandakanya isikhathi eside ekusetshenzisweni kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nokuhlukahluka kokuqukethwe kocansi okusetshenzisiwe. Ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi ezisindayo ze-episodic kusetshenziselwe isibonelo esisodwa, okungukuthi, iseshini yokubuka izithombe zocansi esibi kakhulu noma eside kunazo zonke abahlanganyeli abake bazenza ngesikhathi sokuphila kwabo. Ukuhlaziywa kwamanje akuhlinzeki ngemininingwane yokuthi ngabe isiqephu sokubukwa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile sasiyisigameko esingalodwa noma ngabe umhlanganyeli wahlanganyela ekuziphatheni okunzima kwe-episodic kaningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yize ubude besikhathi sesikhathi eside sokubuka izithombe zocansi bekungaphezu kwamahora ama-2 (nangaphezulu kwehora labangu-86% wabaphendulile), kwabanye ababambiqhaza, iziqephu ezinde kakhulu zokubuka izithombe zocansi zingaba mfushane futhi ngenxa yalokho azifani nezisindayo ukusetshenziswa kwe-episodic. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ukusebenzisa ukubukwa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kwifomu "eyeqisayo" kufakazele ukuthi kuyisibonakaliso esikhulu sobukhali bezimpawu nokwelashwa okufuna ngaphezu kwenkomba yokusetshenziswa "emaphakathi".
Ucwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo kufanele luhlole ezinye izindlela ezingahle zisebenzise ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi ezisindayo ezifana nobuningi beziqephu ezinjalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlela okwenziwa ngayo izikhathi zokubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ocwaningweni lwamanje kungenzeka ukuthi ithonywe kakhulu ukukhumbula ukubandlulula, njengoba ababambiqhaza kwakudingeka bathathe wonke umlando wokubuka kwabo izithombe zobulili ezingcolile. Izifundo zesikhathi esizayo kufanele zizuze ekunciphiseni isikhathi sokuhlaziywa kuya esikalini esifushane (isb., Izinyanga ezi-6 noma eziyi-12 zokugcina).

Ucwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo luzodinga ukuthi abacwaningi baphinde bachaze ukuthi yini ngempela okuyiyona "indlela yokuziphatha ngokweqile" maqondana nokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi. Isikhathi sokubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kufanele sibe nini ukusihlukanisa njengokuzitika? Njengoba sekushiwo, izindinganiso zokubala zingaba nzima ukusungula ukulutha kokuziphatha kunokuba, ngokwesibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni,, futhi leli qiniso liyenzeka lapho izinkambiso ezinjalo zisetshenziswa ekuziphatheni ngokweqile. Le mibuzo, kanye neminye ehlobene nayo, kuzofanele iphendulwe njengoba ucwaningo ngokuziphatha ngokweqile ekusebenziseni okuyizinkinga kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile luyakhula.

Esinye, isihloko esihlobene nocwaningo esibonakala sithakazelisa kakhulu kuleli phuzu ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye yokuzibandakanya okunzima kwe-episodic ekuziphatheni okuyinkinga (noma ekuziphatheni ngokweqile) okwenzeka ngemuva, noma kuphumelele, isikhathi sokulawula okwandisiwe kokuziphatha kocansi noma ukuzibamba? Kungenzeka ukuthi lokho kuziphatha empeleni kungumphumela wokulawulwa ngokweqile kanye nemiphumela ehlekisayo / ebuyisayo yokulawulwa kwengqondo, okuye kwafundwa isikhathi eside ngongqondo bezengqondo.,, Izifundo ezengeziwe ziyadingeka ukuphenya lesi simangalo.

Uma kukhulunywa ngokuhlukahluka kokuqukethwe kocansi okusetshenzisiwe, isifundo samanje sihlolisise ukusetshenziswa kwamaqembu ama-5 kuphela wezinto zocansi (izigcawu eziqukethe ubungqingili bobulili obufanayo, izigcawu zocansi zeqembu, izigcawu ezibandakanya abantu abathandana nabobulili obufanayo, izigcawu ezinodlame, izigcawu zocansi nezingane). Ukusetshenziswa kwezinye zazo (izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezibonisa ucansi nezingane ezingaphansi kobudlova) kubhekwa njengezifo ngokwazo. Izifundo zesikhathi esizayo kufanele zenze inetha elibanzi futhi zifake izinhlobo eziningi zezinto ezibonakalayo (kufaka phakathi izigaba ezivame ukuheha abesilisa abesilisa nabesilisa abesilisa abesilisa nabesifazane, kepha azibandakanyi esifundweni samanje, njengezigcawu zobulili obuhlukile nabobulili obufanayo, kanye nokwedlulele ngokweqile izigaba; bona futhi ucwaningo lwakamuva olwenziwe nguBaranowski et al). Kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezinye, kepha hhayi ezinye izinhlobo zokuqukethwe kwezithombe zocansi, kungaba nencazelo ekhethekile ekuthuthukiseni imicabango yakho yokulutha kwezithombe zocansi kanye nezithombe zobulili ezingcolile eziyinkinga zisebenzisa izimpawu, ngokwesibonelo, izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezinobudlova, "ezinzima" noma izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zobuciko. . Ucwaningo lwangaphambilini lunikeze ubufakazi obuthile bokuthi izinhlobo ezithile zezithombe zocansi ezisetshenzisiwe zingaba nemiphumela ethile yokusebenza kocansi kanye nezimo zengqondo ezihlobene nocansi nezingahlobene nocansi. Isibonelo, elinye lelo gatsha locwaningo liphenye ukuxhumana phakathi kokubuka izigcawu zobulili ezingcolile nobudlova kwezocansi, ukwamukela izinganekwane zokudlwengulwa, ukuvumela ubudlova bezocansi, nezimo zengqondo ezihlobene nazo.,,, Ucwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo kufanele luphenye ukuthi izinhlobo ezithile zokuqukethwe kwezithombe zocansi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwazo okungaba nomthelela ekuziphatheni okufuna ukwelashwa kanye nezithombe zocansi eziyinkinga zisebenzisa izimpawu ukwedlula ezinye.

Omunye umkhawulo wocwaningo ukwakheka kwawo okuhlukanisiwe, okungahambi kahle lapho kuphenywa izinkomba zokuqondisa. Izifundo zesikhathi esizayo kufanele zihlolisise imibuzo yocwaningo echazwe lapha kumiklamo yesikhathi eside. Isimo esingaziwa, esiku-inthanethi sesifundo kungenzeka sithinte ukuthembeka kwemiphumela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isifundo samanje senziwa ngaphambi kokuthi i-CSBD iphakanyiselwe i-ICD-11, kwakususelwa kunqubo yokuphazamiseka kwe-hypersexual, futhi i-SAST-R isetshenziswe njengesilinganiso sobukhulu besifo. Izifundo zesikhathi esizayo kufanele zisebenzise izindlela ze-CSBD nezinyathelo ezibonisa lezi zindlela, ezisathuthukiswa njengamanje. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanelekile ukugcizelela ukuthi iqembu lomtholampilo litholwe yiqembu elikhulu kakhulu labelaphi abangama-23, okungaholela ezingeni elithile lokungafani enkambisweni yokuxilonga. Ngokuphambene nalokho, iqembu lokulawula laqashwa online futhi alizange lenze inqubo yokuxilonga eyenziwa ngumelaphi.

Ukuhlaziywa kwamanje kuthinta kuphela abesilisa abesilisa nabesifazane. Isinyathelo esilandelayo kufanele kube ukunweba okutholakele okubikwe lapha kwabesifazane nakwabahlanganyeli bobungqingili. Amanani amancane amancane we-R2 atholakale kumamodeli wethu wokubuyela emuva akhombisa ukuthi ezinye izinto ezibalulekile ezinomthelela ekufuneni ukwelashwa kanye nezimpawu zokuziphatha zocansi eziyinkinga azikho ekuhlaziyweni kwethu. Lokhu akumangazi, njengoba ukuhlaziywa kwethu bekuqondiswe kokuguquguqukayo okukhethekile kwe-2 nokuhlola umbono othile. Kwakungaqondiswanga kububanzi obubanzi bokuqagela noma ukukhulisa amandla okubikezela amamodeli. Kodwa-ke, imiphumela yethu ikhombisa ngokungaqondile ukuthi kunezinye izinto ezibalulekile ezinomthelela ekusetshenzisweni kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile eziyinkinga kanye ne-CSBD ezibalulekile ukuzicabangela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isiphetho sokuthi izihloko ezifuna ukwelashwa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezinenkinga zithambekele ekuzibandakanyeni esimisweni eside sokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile futhi zibuke ububanzi obuningi bokuqukethwe kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kungahle kubonakale kuyingxenye ethile yokufundisa. Ngenxa yalezi zinto, ucwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo kufanele luphenye indima yezinye izinto eziguqukayo, kufaka phakathi ezinye izincazelo zemikhuba yokubuka izithombe zocansi ezishiyiwe esifundweni samanje, ngokwesibonelo, izinhloso zokusetshenziswa, kanye nezinye izinto ezinengqondo nezingokomzwelo,,, ukufaka isandla ekuziphatheni okuyinkinga kwezocansi, kufaka phakathi lezo ezivezwe kumamodeli asemthethweni wale nto.,, Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi ukuzibandakanya kuzikhathi ezinde zokubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kungathonywa kakhulu yizinto ezinganakwa ekuhlaziyweni kwamanje, njengokusebenza noma imithwalo yemfanelo yobudlelwano, engadala ukuthi umuntu abandakanyeke ekusebenziseni okukhulu kwe-episodic (binge use), esikhundleni sokusetshenziswa okungajwayelekile, ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kuvunywe ukuthi kunomsebenzi omkhulu wokucwaninga ophikisana nokukhubazeka kokusebenza ngokocansi okuvama kakhulu, ukuba semthethweni kwemodeli “yokulutha ngokocansi” noma okukhomba ezintweni ezinjengokushayela phezulu kwezocansi noma ukungaziphathi kahle phakathi kwesimo sokuziphatha nokuziphatha kocansi njengoba ukufaka isandla kumlingiswa oyinkinga wezenzo zocansi.,,, Ngenxa yalokhu, izifundo zesikhathi esizayo kufanele zilawule izinto ezinjengobutha obuthinta izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nokuziphatha okungathandeki, lapho kuphenywa ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile okunenkinga.

 Imiphumela Yomtholampilo Neziphetho

Izinkomba ezifana nesikhathi nobuningi bokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi zamukelwa kakhulu ocwaningweni. Ngokuya ngesampula yomtholampilo yabafuna ukwelashwa ngokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi eziyinkinga kanye nesampula engafuni ukwelashwa, imiphumela yethu inikeza ubufakazi bokuqala bokuthi ezinye izichasiso zezithombe zobulili ezingcolile zisebenzisa imikhuba, okungukuthi ukuzibandakanya ezikhathini ezinde zokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi nokuhlukahluka kokuqukethwe kwezithombe zocansi ezisetshenzisiwe, hlinzeka ngenani elichazayo futhi ubikezele ukuziphatha okuyinkinga kwezocansi nokufuna ukwelashwa, noma ngabe isikhathi esichithwa ekusetshenzisweni kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile sicatshangelwa. Ukuhlaziywa kwamanje kufanele kunikeze i-push yokuqhubeka nokuphenya indima yokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi ezisindayo nokuhlukahluka kokuqukethwe kwezithombe zocansi ze-CSBD nezithombe zobulili ezingcolile eziyinkinga zisebenzisa izimpawu ezifundweni ezizayo. Sikhuthaza nabezempilo ukuthi bahlole ukubandakanyeka ekubandakanyeni okukhulu kwe-episodic ekuziphatheni okuyinkinga ngesikhathi sezingxoxo zomtholampilo njengesici esibalulekile sokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi eziyinkinga.

Isitatimende sokubhala

K. Lewczuk, Conceptualization, Ukuhlaziywa okuhlelekile, Uphenyo, Indlela yokusebenza, Ukubhala - okusalungiswa kwasekuqaleni, Ukubhala - ukubuyekeza nokuhlela; J. Lesniak, Ukuhlaziywa okuhlelekile; Ukubhala - okusalungiswa kwasekuqaleni; Ukubhala - ukubuyekeza nokuhlela; M. Lew-Starowicz, Ukubhala - okusalungiswa kwasekuqaleni; Ukubhala - ukubuyekeza nokuhlela; M. Gola, Methodology, Investigation, Writing - okusalungiswa kwasekuqaleni; Ukubhala - ukubuyekeza nokuhlela.

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