- 16: 30 03 May 2013 ngu Andy Coghlan futhi USara Reardon
Umhleli wezivakashi: "Incwajana eyodwa akufanele inqume ucwaningo lwempilo yengqondo yase-US”Ngu-Allen Frances
Isikhungo esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni sokucwaninga ngempilo yengqondo sishiya uhlobo olusha lwe “bible” lezengqondo - I-Manual Diagnostic and Statistical of Disorders Mental, ukubuza ubuqiniso bayo nokusho ukuthi "iziguli ezinenkinga yengqondo zifanelwe okungcono". Leli bhomu lifika emasontweni ambalwa ngaphambi kokushicilelwa kokubuyekezwa kwesihlanu kwale ncwajana, ebizwa I-DSM-5.
Ngo-29 Ephreli, uThomas Insel, umqondisi we-US National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), wagqugquzela ukuthi kube nokushintshwa okukhulu ekuhlukaniseni izifo ezifana ne-bipolar disorder kanye ne-schizophrenia ngokwezimpawu zomuntu. Esikhundleni salokho, u-Insel ufuna ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo ukuze kutholakala ukuthi ngokubanzi ngokusebenzisa i-genetics, ukuhlolwa kobuchopho obubonisa amaphethini angavamile okwenziwa komsebenzi nokuhlolwa kwengqondo.
Lokhu kusho ukushiya le ncwadi eyashicilelwe yi-American Psychiatric Association eyisikhathi esiyinhloko sokucwaninga ngengqondo kweminyaka ye-60.
The I-DSM uye waqala ukungqubuzana iminyaka eminingana. Abahlaziyi bathi baye kwaqeda usizo, uye waphenduka izikhalazo ezingezona izifo zangempela zibe izimo zezokwelapha, futhi ziye zaba Ukuthonywa ngokungadingekile izinkampani zemithi befuna izimakethe ezintsha zemithi yabo.
Kubuye kube nezikhalazo ukuthi izincazelo ezikhulisiwe zezifo eziningana ziye zaholela ukuxilongwa ngokweqile kwezimo njenge ukucindezeleka kwe-bipolar futhi ukunakekelwa kwephutha lokungaboni kahle.
Manje, Insel ishilo kokuthunyelwe kwebhulogi eshicilelwe yi-NIMH ukuthi ufuna ukushintshwa okuphelele ukuxilongwa okusekelwe kwisayensi hhayi izimpawu.
"Ngokungafani nezincazelo zethu zesifo senhliziyo, i-lymphoma noma i-AIDS, ukuxilongwa kwe-DSM kusekelwe ekuvumelaneni ngamaqoqo ezimpawu zomtholampilo, hhayi noma yiziphi izindlela zokuhlola," kusho u-Insel. "Emithini yokwelashwa esele, lokhu kungalingana nokwakha izinhlelo zokuxilonga ezincike ezinhlungwini zesifuba, noma ezingeni lomkhuhlane."
Insel ithi kwezinye izindawo kwezokwelapha lolu hlobo lwe-diagnostic based based diagnosis lushiywe phezu kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule njengoba ososayensi bafunde ukuthi izimpawu zodwa azikhombisi ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu.
Ukuze kuphuthumise ushintsho ekuxilongweni kwezinto eziphilayo, Insel ithande indlela evezwe uhlelo olwethulwe ezinyangeni ze-18 ezedlule ku-NIMH ngokuthi Iphrojekthi yezinkomba zocwaningo.
Le ndlela isekelwe embonweni wokuthi ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kuyizinkinga eziphilayo ezibandakanya izijikelezo zobuchopho ezichaza amaphethini athile okuqonda, imizwelo nokuziphatha. Ukugxila ekwelapheni lezi zinkinga, kunokuba izimpawu zithemba ukunikeza umbono ongcono weziguli.
“Asikwazi ukuphumelela uma sisebenzisa I-DSM ngezigaba njengezinga legolide, ”kusho u-Insel. “Yingakho iNIMH izobe ihlela kabusha ucwaningo lwayo kude I-DSM , ”kusho u-Insel.
Ama-psychiatrists aphakeme abathintana nabo New Scientist zisekela kabanzi isinyathelo sika-Insel esinesibindi. Kodwa-ke, bathi uma kunikezwa isikhathi esizothatha ukufeza umbono ka-Insel, ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa kwakhe kuzoqhubeka kusekelwe kwizimpawu.
U-Insel uyazi ukuthi lokhu akusikisela kuzothatha isikhathi - mhlawumbe okungenani iminyaka eyishumi, kodwa ubona kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokuletha "umuthi onemba" athi kuguqule ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa komdlavuza.
"Kungashintsha umdlalo, kepha kudinga ukuthi kususelwe kusisekelo sesayensi esithembekile," kusho Simon Wessely we-Institute of Psychiatry eKing's College London. "Kungokwesikhathi esizayo, hhayi okwamanje, kodwa noma yini ezothuthukisa ukuqonda i-etiology kanye nezakhi zofuzo zezifo kuzoba ngcono [kunokuthola ukuxilongwa okusekelwe ezimpawu]."
UMichael Owen waseYunivesithi yaseCardiff, owayeseqembu lokusebenza kwengqondo I-DSM-5, avume. Uthi: "Ucwaningo ludinga ukuphuma emkhakheni wezigaba zamanje zokuxilongwa," esho. Kepha njengoWessely, uthi kusesekuseni kakhulu ukulahla izigaba ezikhona.
"Lezi yizinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokumangazayo," kusho u-Owen. "Ukuqonda i-neuroscience ngokujula nemininingwane eyanele yokwakha inqubo yokuxilongwa kuzothatha isikhathi eside, kepha okwamanje, odokotela kusamele benze umsebenzi wabo."
UDavid Clark wase-University of Oxford uthi kuyamjabulisa ukuthi i-NIMH ixhasa ngezimali ukuxilongwa okusekelwe kwisayensi ezigabeni zamanje zezifo. "Kodwa-ke, inzuzo yesineke mhlawumbe isekude, futhi izodinga ukufakazelwa," usho njalo.
Ukuphikisana kungase kuqhumeke kakhulu emphakathini ngenyanga ezayo lapho i I-American Psychiatric Association iqhuba umhlangano wayo wonyaka eSan Francisco, lapho I-DSM-5 uzosungulwa ngokusemthethweni, futhi ngo-June eLondon lapho i-Institute of Psychiatry ikhona umhlangano wezinsuku ezimbili kwi-DSM.
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