Mmetụta nke Locomotor na-enwe nchekasị na Amphetamine na okenye, ma ọ bụghị na Rats nọ na nwata, Ejikọtara ya na okwuwanye nke DeltaFosB na Nucleus Accumbens (2016)

nkịtị

Ọ bụ ezie na ihe akaebe banyere ọgwụ na ọgwụ na-egosi na oge ntorobịa bụ oge ihe egwu maka mmepe ahụ riri ahụ, amabeghị ihe ndị dị omimi. Nchegbu n'oge uto na-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu na ọgwụ riri ahụ. Agbanyeghị, amachaghị banyere usoro ndị metụtara mmekọrịta dị n'etiti nrụgide, oge uto na iri mmadụ ahụ. Nyocha na-egosi ΔFosB dị ka ebumnuche kachasị maka omume a. N'ime ọmụmụ ihe dị ugbu a, oke na nwa oke (oke ụbọchị 28 na 60, nke ozo) ka ejidebere maka 2 h otu ugboro kwa ụbọchị maka ụbọchị 7. Abalị atọ ka ekpughechara mkpesa ikpeazụ ha banyere nrụgide, saline ma ọ bụ amphetamine (1.0 mg / kg ip) na ebe a na-abanye ampotamine na-akpata locomotion. Ngwa ngwa nyochachara omume, a rapụrụ oke oke ma wepụtakwa ihe nrụpụta nke nucleus iji tụọ ọkwa protein ΔFosB. Anyị chọpụtara na nrụgide nchịkwa ugboro ugboro mụbara mgbatị amphetamine na-akpata ma oke ma okenye. Ozokwa, na oke oke, mmetuta mgbali nrụgide nwere mmetụta metụtara expressionFosB na njụ akị. Anyị data na-egosi na ΔFosB nwere ike itinye aka na ụfọdụ mgbanwe mgbanwe nke neuronal plastik metụtara metụtara nrụgide sitere na nchekasị na amphetamine na oke oke.

Keywords: amphetamine, mmetuta omume, nchekasị, ΔFosB, oge uto

Okwu Mmalite

Abuse abuseụ ọgwụ ọjọọ na-amalitekarị n'oge uto, nke bụ oge iji zụlite mmadụ iji gosipụta ụfọdụ ihe egwu nwere ike iduga ya na mkpebi adịghị mma yana nsonaazụ na-adịghị mma, dịka iji ihe eji eme ihe (Cavazos-Rehg et al., ). N’ime oke, akọwapụtara oge uto dị ka oge site n’ụbọchị ịmụ nwa (P) 28 ruo P42 (Spear na Brake, ). N'oge a oke oke na-egosipụta njiri akwara akwara nke okenye (Teicher et al., ; Laviola et al., ; Wụpụ, ).

Ọtụtụ ọmụmụ banyere ụlọ ọgwụ na-egosi na oge ntorobịa bụ oge dị mfe karịa maka mmepe nke iri ahụ riri ahụ (Spear, ,; Izenwasser na French, ). Enwere ike ịkọwa ọghọm dị ukwuu a riri ahụ site na nsonaazụ dị iche iche nke nchịkwa ọgwụ n'etiti ndị na-eto eto na ndị okenye (Collins na Izenwasser, ). Dịka ọmụmaatụ, akụrụngwa na-akpali akpali nke amphetamine na cocaine dị ala na ndị nọ n'afọ iri na ụma ma e jiri ya tụnyere ndị toro eto (Laviola et al., ; Tirelli et al., ). Ọzọkwa, ndị nọ n'afọ iri na ụma ndị toro eto na-egosipụta oke cocaine, na-enweta nchịkwa onwe nke cocaine ngwa ngwa ma na-ejikwa ọgwụ amphetamine dị elu (Shahbazi et al., ; Wong et al., ). Ọ bụ ezie na ihe akaebe na-egosi na oge ntorobịa bụ oge ihe egwu maka mmepe ahụ riri ahụ, amabeghị ihe ndị dị omimi.

Nnyocha e mere egosila na oge ntorobịa bụ oge amamịghe nke nwere ike ịka njọ nke ga - akacha njọ maka mmepe nke nsogbu anụ ahụ na akparamaagwa (Bremne na Vermetten, ; Heim na Nemeroff, ; Cymerblit-Sabba et al., ). Ihe omumu emere banyere ihe anumanu mere ka amata na umuaka kariri nsogbu ojoo nke nkpagbu. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ụmụ oke nwere oke mmetụta maka oke oke ibu, mbelata nri iri nri na oke ụjọ dịka omume ndị okenye karịa (Nkume na Quartermain, ; Doremus-Fitzwater et al., ; Cruz et al., ). Cymerblit-Sabba et al. () gosiri na oke oke nọ na P28 – 54, gosipụtara ọghọm ọghọm karịa na mgbe oke na-adakwasị nrụgide n'oge ndụ ndị ọzọ.

Emebere nke ọma na ihe omume ndụ na-akpata nchekasị n'oge ntorobịa bụ ihe dị mkpa maka ịzụlite ọgwụ riri ahụ (Laviola et al., ; Tirelli et al., ; Cruz et al., ). Na oke, ihe na-akpaghasị ugboro ugboro nwere ike ịba ụba ọrụ moto na nzaghachi na ọgwụ ọjọọ (Covington na Miczek, ; Marin na Planeta, ; Cruz et al., ); a na-akpọ ihe ịtụnanya a (Covington na Miczek, ; Miczek et al., ; Yap na Miczek, ) a na-echekwa na ọ na-egosipụta ngbanwe nke neuronal n'usoro mesocorticolimbic metụtara mmepe nke ọgwụ riri ahụ (Robinson et al., ; Robinson na Berridge, ; Vanderschuren na Pierce, ). Na oke oke, etinyere ya nke ọma na ahụmịhe ndị na-akpata nrụgide ntorobịa na-akpata mmetuta nke omume n’ebe ọgwụ ọjọọ (Miczek et al., ; Yap et al., ) na na akwalite coccine na-akpali akpali nke cocaine nwere ike ị nọgide ruo ọtụtụ izu n'ihi neuroadaptations na ụzọ mesocorticolimbic dopamine (Vanderschuren na Kalivas, ; Hope et al., ).

Enweela mmetụ uche siri ike ma ọ bụ nrụgide na-akpata nchekasị na plastik na usoro mesocorticolimbic (Miczek et al., ; Yap na Miczek, ; Yap et al., ). Igwe eji arụ ọrụ na akwara dị n'ime ụbụrụ chọrọ mgbanwe na nkwụpụta nke mkpụrụ ndụ (Nestler et al., ). Site na usoro nchebe nke DNA na-ejikwa ihe ntụgharị (Chen et al., , , ). Edeela ọtụtụ ihe ntụgharị na usoro a, dịka 'osFosB, ụdị plọgị nke fosb gene, nke na-abụkarị protein na-akwụsi ike nke na-agbakọ na ikpughe na-adịghị ala ala nke ọgwụ na nrụgide (McClung et al., ). ΔFosB pụtara dị ka onye nnọchi anya kachasị mkpa maka mgbanwe ogologo oge na sistemụ ụjọ metụtara omume na-eri ahụ (Damez-Werno et al., ; Pitchers et al., ). N’ezie, egosiri na Δ-FosB na-emegharị mmegharị uche ụbụrụ na-adịgide adịgide (McClung et al., ). Achọpụtara na Δ-FosB nwere ike ịba ụba maka mmụba nke ịdị nkọ spain na dendritic arborization nke na-esote nchịkwa cocaine na-adịghị ala ala (Kolb et al., ; Lee et al., ), Ọzọkwa, Δ-FosB pụtara dị ka otu n'ime ọrụ ndị na-ahụ maka mmeghachi omume mmetụta uche na psychostimulant (McClung na Nestler, ).

Ngwongwo na-eto eto gosipụtara peculiarities na ọrụ mesolimbic yana profaịlụ ha nke mmetuta ọgwụ psychostimulant (Laviola et al., ; Tirelli et al., ). Dịka ọmụmaatụ, a na-akọ oke nnabata dopamine na nchekwa nchekwa dopamine nke ukwuu na sistemụ ụmụ oke (Tirelli et al., ). Mgbanwe Ontogenetic na usoro mesolimbic na-eme ka mmadụ mara ihe nwere ike ibute nsogbu dị iche iche na ọgwụ riri ahụ. Ọ bụ ezie na a kọwapụtara usoro egwu ahụ na-eme ka mmadụ nwegasịa uche na nchekasị n'etiti nsogbu ụmụ ahụhụ, nsonaazụ nke ikpughe nrụgide n'oge uto na mmetụta dị egwu nke ọgwụ.

Maka ebumnuche a, anyị tụlere ọkwa nke ΔFosB, n'ụba nke ụmụ oke na oke nke na-eto eto na-eso ntụgharị uche nke mmekọrịta dị n'etiti nrụgide nchịkwa ugboro ugboro na amphetamine.

Akụrụngwa na ụzọ

Ndị isi

Nkụ ụmụ nwoke Wistar nwetara site na ebe a na-azụ ụmụ anụmanụ nke Mahadum São Paulo State University-UNESP na ụbọchị ịmụ nwa (P) 21. Ejiri ụmụ anụmanụ 3 – 4 tinye n'ime mkpuchi plastik 32 (obosara) × 40 (ogologo) × 16 (ịdị elu) cm n'ime ụlọ e debere na 23 ± 2 ° C. Edebere oke n'ọhịa na 12: 12 h light / waree ọchịchịrị (ọkụ na 07: 00 am) ma enyere ha ohere ịnweta nri na mmiri n'efu. Ejiri anụmanụ ọ bụla naanị n'otu usoro nyocha. Emere nnwale niile n'oge oge ọkụ n'etiti 8: 00 am na 5: 00 pm Otu nyocha ọ bụla mejupụtara ụsọ 9 – 10.

Kọmitii Ethkpụrụ Ọchịchị nke Ndị Ahịa forlọ Akwụkwọ Nkà Mmụta Ọgwụ — UNESP (CEP-12 / 2008) kwadoro nnwale nke nnwale ahụ - ( COBEA), nke sitere na ntuziaka NIH maka Nlekọta na ojiji nke Anụmanụ Laboratory.

Drug

d, l-amphetamine (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) etisasịwo na saline (0.9% NaCl).

Usoro nrụgide ugboro ugboro

E kenyere anụmanụ ahụ ụzọ abụọ: (1) enweghị nrụgide; ma ọ bụ (2) nrụgide mgbochi ugboro ugboro. A na-ejide ụmụ anụmanụ n'ime ìgwè nrụgide ugboro ugboro na paịlị plastik [20.0 cm (ogologo) × 5.5 cm (dayameta n'ime) maka oke ndị okenye; 17.0 cm (ogologo) × 4.5 cm (dayameta nke ime) maka oke oke] 2 h kwa ụbọchị maka ụbọchị 7 na-amalite na 10: 00 am

Nkpughepu nke nkpagbu bidoro na P28 maka oke nwata ma obu P60 oke. Otu njikwa (enweghị mgbakasị ahụ) nwere ụmụ anụmanụ nke otu afọ ahụ nọrọ jụụ belụsọ maka nhicha akwa.

Nnyocha nrụgide nke nrụgide na Amphetamine

Emere nnwale omume na azụmahịa dị (Columbus Instruments, Columbus, OH, USA) ụlọ ọrụ nlekota oru, mejupụtara Plexiglas cages 44 (obosara) × 44 (ogologo) × 16 (ịdị elu). Ime ụlọ ahụ gụnyere 10 abụọ nke igbe osisi, nke emere iji tụọ ọrụ okirikiri kwụ ọtọ. Edere usoro nrịkọdọ nke ndagide abụọ dị ka otu ngalaba locomotion.

Threebọchị atọ mgbe ekpughechara ikpeazụ nke nrụgide, ụmụ agbọghọ ma ọ bụ oke oke na-ebufe site na anụ ụlọ gaa n'ụlọ nnwale ebe a na-etinye ha n'otu n'otu n'ime ụlọ na-ahụ maka ọrụ ma hapụ maka 20 min maka ebe obibi. Oge a, rats sitere na njikwa ma ọ bụ ìgwè ndị na-akpata nrụgide natara injections ipfine nke amphetamine (1.0 mg / kg) ma ọ bụ saline (NaCl 0.9%) ma laghachighachite ha na ngalaba nlekota ọrụ maka minit 40 ọzọ (N = Anumanu nke 9 – 10). Edere ọrụ locomotor n'oge 40 min ndị a na-esochi inje.

A nwalere oke ntorobịa na okenye, n'otu n'otu, na P37 na P69.

Nchịkọta ụbụrụ

Ozugbo nyocha nke omume ahụ, a na-ebugharị anụmanụ n'ime ụlọ dị n'akụkụ, kpochapụ ma wepụ ụbụrụ ha ngwa ngwa (ihe dị ka 60 – 90 s) ma na-ajụ oyi na isopentane na ice kpọrọ nkụ. N'ịgbaso usoro a, echekwara ụbụrụ ahụ na −80 Celsius ruo oge mgbasa nke ngụkọ.

Nnyocha nyocha nke Western Western nke Nkwupụta ΔFosB

A tụpụrụ ụbụrụ na-acha ọbara ọbara na 50 μm n'ụgbọelu coronal ruo mgbe ụbụrụ nwere mmasị na cryostat (Leica CM 1850, Nussloch, Germany) debere na −20 ° C. A na - enweta ngwe Tissue (agịga 14-gauge dị mkpa maka ndị okenye na 16-gauge maka ndị nọ n'afọ iri na ụma)) (Ọgụgụ2A) 2A) na-eji ndị na-ahazi ya: ihe dị ka + 2, 1 mm ka + 1, 1 mm maka nnabata ikwu na Bregma (Paxinos na Watson, ). E kere sọks n'ime 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Ekpebiri ihe nchekwa protin nke usoro nlele ahụ site na iji usoro Lowry (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA). E mebere nchịkọta ihe ntanetị nke sample site na ịgbanye 1% SDS. Ejiri enwetara ihe atụ nke 30 μg nke protein ka SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis maka 3 h na 200 V. A na-ebugharị protein na-eji polymbylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane maka immunoblotting Hybond LFP nnyefe membrane (GE Healthcare, Little Chanford, BU, UK) na 0.3 A maka 3.5 h. Mgbe ahụ mechiri PVDF membranes na 5% nonfat akọrọ mmiri ara ehi na 0.1% Tween 20 na Tris buffer (T-TBS, pH 7.5) maka 1 h na ụlọ okpomọkụ ma tinye ya n'abali na 4 ° C na mgbochi igbochi ọhụrụ (2% nonfat akọrọ mmiri ara ehi na 0.1% Tween 20 na Tris buffer [T-TBS, pH 7.5]) nke nwere ọgwụ mgbochi bụ isi. A nyochale ọkwa ΔFosB site na iji ọgwụ mgbochi megide FosB (1: 1000; Cat # sc-48 Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Mgbe ebubata ya na ọgwụ mgbochi izizi, a na-asacha ma tinye ya maka 1 h na mgbochi mgbochi nke oke bekee nke ejiri akara Cy5 fluorophore (mgbochi anwụrụ / 1: 3000; GE Healthcare, Little Chanford, BU, UK). A na-enyocha Fluorescence site na iji nyocha fluorescence TyphoonTrio® (GE Healthcare, Little Chanford, BU, UK) na ìgwè ndị agha wee kwụrụ ọtọ site na iji sọftịịnụ dabara adaba (Image QuantTM TL). A na-atụle nkezi saline na-enweghị nrụgide dịka 100% na data sitere na otu ndị ọzọ gosipụtara dị ka pasent nke otu a na-achịkwa.

Nyocha 1  

Ntughari uche n'etiti nchekasị na amphetamine n'ime oke na ụmụ oke. *p <0.05 ma e jiri ya tụnyere CONTROL-SALINE na STRESS-SALINE; #p <0.05 tụnyere CONTROL-AMPHETAMINE.
Nyocha 2  

(A) Usoro nhazi nke ụbụrụ oke, nke a na-enweta site na stereotaxic atlas nke Paxinos na Watson (), na-egosi ọnọdụ nke akara aka ndị dị na ngụkọta akwara Nukus. (B) Ndị nnọchi anya ụdị mmachi mmiri ọdịda anyanwụ na-egbochi saline (CONT-SAL), saline nrụgide ...

Onye na-emebu ịchọpụta FosB ejikọkwara ya na ΔFosB. Agbanyeghị, anyị chịkọtara ụbụrụ 40 min mgbe ihe ịma aka amphetamine gasịrị. Oge a ezughi iji nweta nsịkọ protein FosB. N'iburu n'uche na FosB (42 kDa) dị arọ karịa ịdịpụrụ adịpụ ya ΔFosB (35 ~ 37 kDa) (Kovács, ; Nestler et al., ). Anyị tụtara naanị ihe nchekwa na 37 kDa nke ịdị egwu egwu.

Ekwesịrị itinye nkwanye protein dị n'otu site na ịtọpụ ndị nweji wee weghachite ha site na antioc-beta-actin monoclonal (njikwa njikwa) (1: 500; Sigma-Aldrich), ntinye ya na mgbochi nke abụọ (Cy5 — anti-rabbit / 1) : 3000) na anya dị ka akọwara n’elu. Ike nke protein protein ΔFosB kewara site na ike nke njikwa ike ntanetị (beta-actin) maka ihe nlele ahụ. Ejiri ejiri ΔFosB rụọ ọrụ njikwa iji wee gosipụta ΔFosB n'ụba n'omume dị iche iche (ọgụgụ (Figure2B2B).

Nchịkọta akụkọ

Ekwuputara data niile dịka mean SEM. Emere ule Levene maka ịkpa agwa dịgasị iche iche na akụrụngwa akwara data. Levene egosighi ọnụọgụ dị iche iche dị iche iche maka data akụrụngwa ma ọ bụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ, na-egosi njikọta nke iche. Ya mere ọrụ locomotor, a tụlere ọkwa ΔFosB na-eso saline ma ọ bụ ọgwụ amphetamine site na iji 2 × 2 ANOVA [nrụgide (mgbochi ugboro ugboro ma ọ bụ enweghị nchekasị)) treatment ọgwụ ọgwụ (AMPH ma ọ bụ SAL)]. Mgbe a dị ịrịba ama (p <0.05) a hụrụ mmetụta bụ isi, ejiri Newman-Keuls nwalee post hoc ntụnyere.

Results

Nnyocha nrụgide nke nrụgide na Amphetamine

N'ime nnwale a, anyị nyochara ma ikpughe nrụgide ugboro ugboro nwere ike ime ka azịza nkwụghachi azụ na ntụtụ ọgụ amphetamine.

Anyị chọpụtara na oke oke, ọdịiche dị na mbelata amphetamine na-akpata nsogbu ka a na-ahụta dị ka nrụgide (F(1,29) = 7.77; p <0.01) na ọgwụgwọ (F(1,29) = 57.28; p <0.001) ihe. Achọpụtakwara mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ihe (F(1,29) = 4.08; p <0.05; Ọgụgụ Figure1) .1). Nchọpụta ọzọ (ule Newman-Keuls) kpughere na nchịkwa amphetamine mụbara ọrụ mmebi iwu na njikwa ma na - emetụ anụmanụ ma e jiri ya tụnyere njikwa na mmesi ike nke mmiri. Ọzọkwa, oke na-egosipụta ugboro ugboro maka nrụgide mgbochi gosipụtara ọrụ mmechi amphetamine dị elu ma ọ bụrụ na e jiri ya tụnyere ìgwè na-achịkwa amphetamine (p <0.05, ọgụgụ Figure11).

Na ụmụ oke, anyị chọpụtara ihe dị iche na nrụgide abụọ (F(1,25) = 11.58; p <0.01) na ọgwụgwọ (F(1,25) = 16.34; p <0.001) ihe. Agbanyeghị, ọ nweghị mmekọrịta ọ bụla n'etiti ihe achọpụtara (F(1,25) = 3.67; p = 0.067; Ọgụgụ Figure1) .1). Nyocha ọzọ (ule Newman-Keuls) na usoro ọgwụgwọ kpughere na amphetamine na-abawanye ọrụ mmechi na nrụgide, mana anaghị achịkwa, ụmụ anụmanụ ma e jiri ya tụnyere anụmanụ nwere nnu. Na mgbakwunye, oke na-ekpughere ugboro ugboro maka nrụgide mgbochi gosipụtara ọrụ mmechi amphetamine dị elu ma ọ bụrụ na e jiri ya tụnyere ìgwè na-achịkwa amphetamine. (p <0.01, ọgụgụ Figure11).

Nnyocha nyocha nke Western Western ΔFosB

Anyị mere nnwale a iji nyochaa ma ikike nkwụghachi omume na-akpata site na nrụgide njide ya ugboro ugboro na ịma aka amphetamine nwere ike ịbụ ihe metụtara mgbanwe na nkwupụta ΔFosB na ngụkọta oke nke oke dị iche iche n'oge mmepe.

N'oge oke ndị okenye, anyị chọpụtara ihe dị iche na oke nchegbu (F(1,18) = 6.46; p <0.05) na mmekorita n'etiti nsogbu na ihe ogwugwo (F(1,18) = 5.26; p <0.05). Nyocha ọzọ (ule Newman-Keuls) kpughere na amphetamine mụbara ọkwa ΔFosB na ụmụ anụmanụ nwere nrụgide ma e jiri ya tụnyere ndị ọzọ niile (p <0.05, ọgụgụ Figure2C2C).

Maka ụmụ oke, nsonaazụ anyị egosighi ọdịiche ọ bụla n'etiti otu ndị ahụ (ọgụgụ (Figure2C2C).

Nkwurịta

Anyị tụlere larịị ΔFosB, n'ụba nke ụmụ oke na oke oke na-esochi nrụgide na-adịghị ala ala na-akpata mmekpa ahụ metụtara amphetamine. Ihe ndị mere nyocha ahụ bụ: (a) oke na ụmụ oke gosipụtara mmụba n'ọdụ ụgbọ ala mgbe ihe ịma aka amphetamine butere site na ikpughe nrụgide ugboro ugboro; (b) nrụgide ugboro ugboro na-akwalite mmụba na ọkwa ΔFosB naanị na njikwa akụ nke ụmụ oke.

Ihe omuma anyi gosiputara na oke mmetuta nke mmetuta amphetamine ma oke oke ma umuaka. Nchoputa ndi a kwekorita na ihe omumu ndi ozo, nke gosiputara na ahuhu ndi mmadu na –eme ka nsogbu di ma obu mmadu gha eme ka mmadu mee ihe nlebara anya (Díaz-Otañez et al., ; Kelz et al., ; Colby et al., ; Miczek et al., ; Yap na Miczek, ) na ụmụ oke (Laviola et al., ). N’ezie, anyị egosiworị na ụmụ oke na oke elele na-egosi ugboro ugboro na njide na-adịghị ala ala gosipụtara mmụba dị ukwuu na ọrụ locomotor mgbe ihe ịma aka nke amphetamine 3 ụbọchị mgbe nnọkọ nrụgide ikpeazụ gara aga ma e jiri ya tụnyere njikwa saline nke ha (Cruz et al., ). Agbanyeghi na otutu ihe omumu egosiputala mmetuta nke oke na oke oke nke ndi umuaka nwere nsogbu nke ndi mmadu, amaghi ihe isi ihe ndia.

Anyị chọpụtara na nchebara echiche iji mee ka amphetamine nwee mmekọ na nkwupụta nke ọkwa ΔFosB na ngụkọta akụrụngwa na mmadụ, mana ọbụghị na oke. Nchọpụta anyị na-agbasa data gara aga site na akwụkwọ ndị na-egosi mmelite na ngosipụta nke ΔFosB na nzaghachi na psychostimulants mgbe ekpughere nrụgide ugboro ugboro na oke oke (Perrotti et al., ). Nsonaazụ anyị nwere ike ikwu na ogo thatFosB mụbara nwere ike iwelite ọgụgụ isi nke amphetamine na oke oke. N’ezie, egosiri ya na oke ofFosB n’ime uru akwara na-eme ka mmadụ nwekwuo mmetụta utịp na cocaine na-akwụghachi ụgwọ (Perrotti et al., ; Vialou et al., ). Agbanyeghị, nchọpụta anyị pụtara mkpakọrịta naanị. Ekwesịrị iduzi ọmụmụ ọrụ iji chọpụta ihe kpatara ΔFosB na nrụgide nrụgide na-akpata amphetamine.

Ihe akaebe na-egosi na ΔFosB bụ ihe dị mkpa transcription nke nwere ike ime ka mmadụ kwụsị omume riri ahụ ma nwee ike megharia azịza mmetụ ahụ maka ọgwụ ma ọ bụ ekpughe nrụgide. (Nestler, ). Omumu ihe gosiputara na ntinye aka nke ΔFosB ruo ogologo oge na ntughari aka na nchịkwa psychostimulant ma ọ bụ ụdị nrụgide dị iche (Hope et al., ; Nestler et al., ; Perrotti et al., ; Nestler, ). Ihe dị mkpa nke ΔFosB na mmepe nke ị drugsụ ọgwụ ọjọọ nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi ike ya ịbawanye nkwupụta nke protein na-etinye aka na mmegharị nke ụgwọ ọrụ na usoro mkpali (maka nyochaa Lee McClung et al., ). Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ΔFosB yiri ka ọ na-abawanye ngosipụta nke ndị na-anabata glutamatergic na mkpokọta, nke agbakọọla na ịbawanye ụgwọ ọrụ nke psychostimulants (Vialou et al., ; Ohnishi et al., ).

Ihe omuma ndi umuaka anyi ghaputara ufodi ihe omumu nke gosiputara na ihe mgbochi ma obu ochichi nke amphetamine mere ka amata omimi na amphetamine n’emeghi ka okwu ΔFosB kwuputa na ngbapu akuko (Chati et al., ). N'otu ụzọ ahụ, Chati et al. () chọpụtara na n’agbanyeghi na amphetamine emeela ka mmadụ mara ihe ọ ga-eme ka ọ nwee ntụpọ C57BL / 6J na DBA / 2J, ΔFosB mụbara na ngụkọta akụrụngwa nke C57BL / 6J, mana ọ bụghị nke ụmụ oke DBA / 2J. N'akọtara ọnụ, ọmụmụ ndị a na-egosi na nchịkọta nke ΔFosB na ngụkọta akụrụngwa adịghị mkpa maka ngosipụta nke ịmata azịza azụ. Ya mere, ịrị elu na ngosipụta nke protein a, dị ka achọpụtara na ụfọdụ ọmụmụ, nwere ike ịbụ naanị nnabata.

Obere dopamine dị na synaptik na ụda dopaminergic dị ala, nke a na-ahụta na akwara nwere ike ikwenye mgbanwe ndị dị na ΔFosB na ngụkọta akụrụngwa mgbe ogologo oge ekpughere na oke oke, ebe egosiri na ndị na-anabata dopaminergic dị ka ihe dị mkpa na mmụba nke ΔFosB na ngụkọta akụrụngwa mgbe nchịkwa psychostimulant ugboro ugboro (Laviola et al., ; Tirelli et al., ).

Na mmechi, nrụgide nchịkwa ugboro ugboro mụbara amị amethtamine na-akpata ma oke ma okenye. Na mgbakwunye, nrụgide na amphetamine yiri ka ọ na-agbanwe ntụgharị okwu nke ΔFosB n'ụzọ ndabere afọ.

Onye nyere onyinye

Ejiri PECO, PCB, RML, FCC na CSP mee nyocha, nke PCCO, PCB, RML, FCC, MTM na ihe odide ahụ bụ FCC, PECO, PCB, RML na CSP dere.

Okwu Nkwupụta Mmasị

Ndị na-ede akwụkwọ na-ekwupụta na e mere nchọpụta ahụ na enweghi mmekọrịta ọ bụla ma ọ bụ ego ma ọ bụ ego nke a pụrụ iwere dị ka ihe nwere ike ịmasị.

Nkweta

Ndị ode akwụkwọ ahụ nwere ekele maka enyemaka teknụzụ mara mma nke Elisabete ZP Lepera, Francisco Rocateli na Rosana FP Silva. Ndị ọrụ a bụ Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP-2007 / 08087-7).

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