The Journal of Neuroscience, 1 Septemba 1999, 19(17): 7648-7652;
+ Njikọ ndị edemede
nkịtị
A na-ahapụ Dopamine (DA) n'ọtụtụ mpaghara ụbụrụ, gụnyere uru akwara nucleus (NAcc), tupu ma n'oge copulation na oke oke. DA agonists nke na-achịkwa mpaghara a na-eme ka ọ dị mfe, na DA na-emegide ihe mgbochi, ọtụtụ omume kpaliri, gụnyere omume nwoke. Serotonin (5-HT) bụ ihe na-egbochi nnọọ mmekọahụ nwoke na nwanyị. Anyị kọọ na mbụ na ewepụtara 5-HT na mpaghara mgbochi hypothalamic ihu nke isi (LHA)A) na na a nhọrọ serotonin reuptake inhibitor microinused n'ime ebe ahụ gbụrụ oge ma jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ copulation. Nsonaazụ anyị dị ugbu a, na iji microdialysis mkpebi siri ike, (1) na-akwado ihe aka elektrkiiki gara aga na ọkwa extracellular nke DA na-abawanye na NAcc n'oge njikọta na ibelata n'oge etiti oge postejaculatory (PEI) na (2) na-ekpughe na LHAA 5-HT nwere ike igbochi nnabata basal ya na nke ụmụ nwanyị na NAcc. Nchọpụta ndị a na-egosi na seratonergic itinye aka na LHA gụnyere serotonergic itinye aka na LHAA, nke a na-egbochi DA ịhapụ ya na NAcc. Ihe nchoputa a nwekwara ike inye nghota banyere ikike inhibitory nke akparamagwa ndi ozo nke NAcc n’eme ya ma obu inwe odi nkpa ighota nsogbu nmeko nwoke na nwoke nke a na-enweta na ogwu ogwu.
- serotonin
- mpaghara hypothalamic n'akụkụ
- dopamine
- nucleus accumbens
- copulation
- oge etiti postejaculatory
- microdialysis
- oke oke
Okwu Mmalite
A na - emetụta dopamine (DA) na serotonin (5-HT) ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị, ụmụ mmadụ na - enweghị isi na akụrụngwa.Bitran na Hull, 1987; Gorzalka et al., 1990; Zajecka et al., 1991; Meston na Gorzalka, 1992; Wilson, 1994; Melis na Argiolas, 1995). Na mkpokọta, DA na-emeziwanye, ebe 5-HT na-egbochi, mkpali mmekọahụ na arụmọrụ ma si otú a nwere ike itinye aka na mbido na satiety, n'otu n'otu.
Na ọnụnọ nke mkpali mmekọahụ dị mkpa, extracellular DA na-abawanye na ngụkọta akwara nucleus (NAcc)Mas et al., 1990; Pfaus et al., 1990; Damsma et al., 1992; Fiorino et al., 1997) na mpaghara media dị n'etiti (MPOA)Hull et al., 1995) nke oke oke; DA na-amụba n'ihu n'oge copu. DA na-adị elu ruo mgbe nwoke ejaculates, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ogo DA na-ebelata (Blackburn et al., 1992). Mgbe obere oge postejaculatory (PEI) nke esemokwu mmekọahụ, njikọta na-amalite ọzọ ma bụrụkwa nke a tọhapụrụ DA ntọhapụ. Usoro a nyere aka kọwaa ọrụ maka DA n'ịkwado omume mmekọahụ nwoke. Agbanyeghị, ihe ndị na-egbochi DA ịhapụ ya mgbe ejisasịrị (ọ nwere ike itinye aka na PEI) enwetabeghị nlebara anya.
Serotonin na-egbochikarị mkpụkọ. Omume mmekọahụ na-emetụta ọtụtụ ndị na-atụ anya na 5-HT ndị na-abawanye uru 5-HT ma na-eme ka ọnụnọ serotonergic na ọtụtụ ndị na-anabata ndị na-emegide (na-anabata ya).Bitran na Hull, 1987; Gorzalka et al., 1990; Wilson, 1994). Nnwale ndị a na-akwalite hypothesis nke endogenous 5-HT nwere ike wepụtara na ejaculation ma nwee ike hazie PEI. Ex vivo preoptic anụ ahụ anụ ahụ nke 5-HT (Mas et al., 1987) na na vivoihe preoptic microdialysate nke 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid [bụ isi metabolite nke 5-HT (Fumero et al., 1994)] mụbara nke ukwuu naanị mgbe ejisasịrị. Ya mere, 5-HT nwere ike weputara ya na mpaghara serotonergic, gụnyere mpaghara preoptik, ma kwalite agụụ mmekọahụ n'oge PEI. N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, anyị tụlere 5-HT extracellular dị na MPOA mana enweghị mgbanwe ọ bụla n'oge ụkọ ma ọ bụ mgbe ejaculation gasịrị (Lorrain et al., 1997). Ntinye aka nke 5-HT, agbanyeghị, ọ mụbara na mpaghara hypothalamic lateral dị nso (LHA)A) ozugbo ejaculation. 5-HT na LHAA emesịrị belata ruo na ọkwa dị ala tupu njikọta azụ amalite. Ọzọkwa, microinjection nke nhọrọ serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) banye na LHAA egbuola oge ịmalite mkp ụfụ (otu a ka nke PEI) na egbu oge ịmụrụ mgbe nwoke ahụ bidoro copulation (Lorrain et al., 1997). N'ụzọ doro anya, mwepụta 5-HT na LHAA bu ihe inhibidoro aru mmadu ma nwekwa ike itinye aka na PEI.
Usoro nyocha nke 5-HT nke sitere na mkpoko ahụ nwere ike ịkwụsị usoro catecholaminergic nke arụ ọrụ dị n'ihu (Yamamoto na Ueki, 1978). Ndị LHAA na-enweta ntinye 5-HT site na raphe (Veening et al., 1982; Vertes, 1991) ma na-eso eme fife na-agbago ma ọ bụ na-agbadata site na ngwongwo ụbụrụ dị ala ()Saper et al., 1979;Hakan et al., 1992). Anyị nwara ma 5-HT ewepụtara na LHAA nwere ike igbochi mmekorita nwoke na nwanyi site na mgbochi nke usoro mesoaccumbens DA. Na nnwale 1 anyị jiri microdialysis gosipụta data electrochemical gara aga na-egosi mmụba NAcc DA na-abawanye n'oge njikọta na ibelata ntọhapụ mgbe ejaculation gasịrị. Na nnwale 2, anyị nyefere 5-HT na LHAAsite na ntụgharị mgbanwe ma n’otu oge tụtara utịpị ya na ntọhapụ NAccal nke ndị nwanyị nwere.
AKỤRỤNGWA NA ỤZỌ
Ndị isi. Iri na itoolu nwoke nwere ahụ nwoke nwere mmekọahụ nwoke na nwanyị nọ n'otu ebe na plastik ma dokwaa ya na ọkụ / ọchịchịrị gbara na ọkụ ọkụ na 11: 00 AM wee gaa na 10: 00 PM nri na mmiri dị ad libitum. Maka nnwale 1, isiokwu 7 natara cannula nduzi na-enweghị otu maka ebumnuche mpaghara mpaghara nke NAcc [anteroposterior, + 3.0; ntụgharị uche, + 1.0; na dorsoventral, −5.2 (Pellegrino et al., 1979)]; isiokwu 12 ndị ọzọ, ejiri na 2 nnwale, na-agbakwunye, anata cannula ntuziaka ipsilateral lekwasịrị anya na LHAA[anteroposterior, + 1.3; ntụgharị uche, + 1.5; na dorsoventral, −7.2 (Pellegrino et al., 1979)]. Mgbe oge izu nke 1 gbakere, ọmụmụ microdialysis malitere. Usoro niile gbasoro ụkpụrụ nduzi nke Kọmitii Nlekọta Anụmanụ na Nlekọta Anụmanụ nke mpaghara ahụ kwadoro.
Microdialysis. A rụrụ ụlọ nyocha ụlọ nyocha ahụ n'ime ụlọ nyocha. Na nkenke, eriri igwe anaghị agba nchara nke 27 ga-adị ka ọnya ọgbụgba ọkụ [12,000 kDa cutoff; 210 μm nke dị mpụta (od); 1 mm arụmọrụ-ebe na-a ;ụ mmiri; Spectra Por, Houston, TX] n'otu njedebe yana mpempe 3 cm nke polyethylene 20 tubing na nsọtụ nke ọzọ iji jee ozi dị ka ụzọ mbata maka ndị na-eme ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ. Mpempe 20 cm nke silica capillary tubing [125 μm od; 50 μm nke dị n'ime (id); Polymicro Teknụzụ, Phoenix, AZ], gbadara banye na tubal dialysis, rụrụ ọrụ dị ka ọpụpụ. Maka nnwale 1, ọnụọgụ dialysate bụ 1 μl / min; anakọtara nlele ọ bụla 3 n'ime ọwara microcentrifuge (250 μl), etinyere n’elu ice kpọrọ nkụ, ma tinye ya n’ime 1 hr na kọlụm isi maka nyocha nke ịta DA site na HPLC na nchọpụta electrochemical (HPLC-EC). Maka nnwale 2, ọnụọgụ dialysate bụ 0.5 μl / min, ma nakọtara ihe nlele ọ bụla 10 min. Maka nnwale abụọ ahụ, usoro mmanụ a na-ahụ maka mmanụ bụ ihe edozi Ringer nke mejupụtara 138 mm NaCl, 2.7 mm KCl, na 1.2 mm CaCl2, pH 7.0. Ihe mgbapụta mgbochi mmiri nke Harvard na-achịkwa mmiri (22; Cambridge, MA) na-achịkwa mmiri. N'ụtụtụ nke oge ọmụmụ microdialysis ọ bụla, a na-eji ọgwụ ether mee obere oge ka ether nye ohere maka itinye nke microdialysis nyocha (s). Ọdịda nke usoro dialysate bidoro ozugbo, na oge e nyere 5 hr tupu nnakọta nchịkọta amalite. A na-egosipụta data microdialysis dị ka pasent nke usoro ntọala [nke e guzobere site na iwere nkezi prefemale atọ dị nso (nnwale 1) ma ọ bụ ọgwụ (nnwale 2).
HPLC. Achọpụtara DA site na iji okpu HPLC-EC. Ejiri aka abụọ tinye aka na VALCO na-eme onwe ya na-arụ ọrụ, na-ebuga 500 nl na kọlụpụta mgbanwe C18 (0.3 mm id × 5.0 cm; 3 μm spheres; LC Packings, San Francisco, CA). Usoro mkpanaka nwere 30 mm citric acid, 50 mm sodium acetate, 0.027 mmNa2EDTA, na 0.25 mm octyl sodium sulfate, ya na 2.5% acetonitrile na 0.2% tetrahydrofuran (v / v), pH 3.6, ma nyefee ya site na iji Gilson, Inc. (Middleton, WI) igwe mgbapụta 307 na-arụ ọrụ na 0.5 ml / min ma kwadebere ya n'ụzọ ziri ezi Nkewa (LC ngwugwu). Nkewa na –emeputa usoro nyere 6 μl / min nke mkpanaka igwefoto enweghi oganihu na kọlụm nyocha. Achọpụtara oxidation Dopamine site na njikwa Antec DECADE (Leiden, Netherlands) na-eji mkpanaka micro flow (11 nl olu) nwere carbonro na-arụ ọrụ elektrode na-arụ ọrụ na ike nke + 0.7 V n'ihe banyere ihe ntụgharị Ag / AgCl. A na-agbanye usoro a kwa ụbọchị site na iji ọkọlọtọ DA agbagoro ọhụrụ na ntinye anya nke 1 pg / μl (0.5 pg na kọlụm).
Usoro. Na nnwale 1, mgbe oge nkwụghachi nke 5 hr na nchịkọta nke akara ala dialysate, a na-ewebata nwanyị nwanyị estrogen ka ọ bụrụ ebe ụmụ nwoke na-enyocha, ma copulation malitere. E kwere nwoke nwoke ahụ ka ọ kpoo ihe ruru afọ atọ. N'oge a, anakọtara ihe nlere na obere minit 3 ma gosipụta ya dị ka nke anakọtara n'oge copulation (COP) na ndị ahụ anakọtara n'oge agụụ mmekọahụ mgbe ejisisịrị (PEI). Ejiri usoro nlele atọ (nke dabere na omume nwoke n'oge nchịkọta) maka nyocha HPLC na-esote ọdịnaya DA: ntọala (BL), COP, na PEI.
Na nnwale 2, mgbe oge 5 hr na nchịkọta nke usoro ntinye aka site na nyocha microdialysis dị na NAcc, amalitere usoro mmata dị na nyocha nke ipsilateral LHA.A, nke nyefere ma obu 5-HT [1 mg / ml (5.6 mm); Sigma, St. Louis, MO] ma ọ bụ ụgbọ (ngwọta Ringer). Nlele Dialysate gara n'ihu na-anakọta site na NAcc na ntinye minit 10 n'oge 40 min nke LHAA mmanụ na-esi ísì ụtọ. Iji nwalee maka mkpochapụ 5-HT nke iwepụta mkpụkọ oku NAcc DA, anyị tinyere nwanyị estrogen ka ọ bụrụ ule nwa nwoke n'oge nnwale ikpeazụ, nke na-esonyere LHA.A Mpempe 5-HT (ya bụ, oge, 30 – 40 min mgbe ntọala). Mamụ nwoke niile gosipụtara ụfọdụ mmekọahụ; agbanyeghị, arụpụtaghị ihe ha mere.
Historyology. Mgbe oge ọmụmụ microdialysis gasịrị, ejiri sodium pentobarbital sodium were hichaa anụmanụ dị iche iche, ma na-acha ọbara ọbara cresyl violet site na nyocha ha (s). Emebiri ihe ndi ozo, ha wepu uche ha maka nyocha nke ihe omumu banyere nyocha. Naanị ụmụ anụmanụ ndị ahụ nwere ihe eji acha anụnụ anụnụ na mpaghara nke NAcc (nnwale 1) na LHAAEjiri (nyocha 2) mee ihe maka nyocha ndekọ.
Nyocha data. Maka nnwale 1, dị ka anyị kwuru n’elu, a chịkọtara dialysate anakọtara site na NAcc n’ime usoro omume atọ: BL, COP, na PEI (nke akọwapụtara dị ka pasent). Emere otu uzo uzo ANOVA na uzo DA na ndi otu ndia. N'ihi na ule nke normality ada (p <0.001), a Kruskal – Wallis otu ụzọ ANOVA na ọkwa ka emere, soro yapost hoc ntụnyere na-eji usoro Dunn. Maka nnwale 2, ejiri ANOVA mee ihe nkwụghachi ugboro abụọ, yana ntụpọ (5-HT vs ụgbọ) dị ka ihe dị n'etiti na oge (6 ma ọ bụ 10 min dialysis bins) dị ka ihe dị na ya, iji nwalee mmetụta nke 5-HT mmanụ na-esi ísì ụtọ n'ime LHAA na ọkwa NAcc DA.Zip hoc E mere ntụnyere Scheffé dịkaKirk (1968).
IHE
Nlere 1: DA weputara na NAcc n'oge njikọta na mgbe ejupachara
DA wepụtara na NAcc gbasoro ụkpụrụ a na-atụgharị uche na-egosipụta ọrụ ọrụ maka onye neurotransmitter a na copulation. Enwere ike ịhụ usoro atụmanya nke anụmanụ maka ọ bụla1 A; Ntinye aka DA dị elu n'oge copulation mana ọ gbadara mgbe ejidechara nke ọ bụla (yabụ, n'oge PEI). ANOVA nọ n’usoro maka data agbakọtara kpughere otu nnukwu ọdịiche na ọkwa dialysate DA n’ogologo akparamagwa agwa [H(2) = 14.794; p <0.001; Ọgụgụ 1 B]. Zip hoc ntụnyere gosipụtara na DA dị elu nke ukwuu n'omume anakọtara n'oge copu, ma e jiri ya tụnyere ndị anakọtara n'oge BL ma ọ bụ PEI (p <0.05).
Na vivo microdialysis nke DA si na NAcc nke oke oke nwoke mee n'oge nnọkọ omume mmekọahụ.A, Onye nnochite anya ọmụma nke mgbanwe oge na otu oke. B, Mgbanwe ntụgharị na ndọhapụ DA (± SEM) maka oke nwere oke isii. Anakọtara ihe nlere na ntanetị nkeji 3 n'oge usoro ejaculatory atọ ma họpụtara ha precopulatory BL (okirikiri juputara), COP (oghere imeghe), ma ọ bụ PEI (okirikiri ndị gbara agba). Ihe dopamine kariri nke oma n’omume anakọtara n’oge copu, ma e jiri ya na ndi atara anakọtara n’okpuru ọnọdụ BL na PEI (**p <0.05).
Ahụike 2: nsonaazụ nke 5-HT na LHAA na DA na NAcc
Nyocha nyocha nke 5-HT n'ime LHAAbelatara mkpụkọ basal nke NAcc DA ma gbochie mwepụta nkwalite ahụ a na-ahụkarị oge copulation (Fig.2). ANOVA mere na data ndị a chọpụtara mmetụta dị mkpa nke otu [F (1,10) = 46.324; p<0.001] na oge [F (5,50) = 11.232; p <0.001] na otu mmekorita oge [F (5,50) = 22.876;p <0.001]. Zip hoc ntụnyere gosipụtara na DA dị ala nke ukwuu na nke ọ bụla n'ime usoro akara ọnụọgụ anọ anakọtara n'oge mmanụ 5-HT, ma e jiri ya tụnyere ụkpụrụ isi (p <0.05). Mụ anụmanụ na-abanye n'ụgbọala n'ime LHAA gosipụtara mmụba dị ukwuu na NAcc DA n'ihe gbasara usoro mmalite (p <0.05) n'oge nchikota; agbanyeghị, enweghị mmụba dị otú ahụ na ụmụ anụmanụ na-anata 5-HT n'ime LHAA.
Mgbanwe oge na DA nke dialysate anakọtara site na NAcc tupu na n'oge 40 min nke 5-HT perfusion n'ime LHAA nke oke ụmụ nwoke isii. Anakọtara ihe nlere na nkeji oge 10. Emere ka nwoke nwoke nwanyi estrous mara, ma kwere ka copulation n’oge nchịkọta nke ikpeazụ nke samfurin n’oge ana-esi ísìsì 5-HT. Mgbada dị ukwuu na DA mere n'oge oge mmanụ 5-HT niile. Ọgwụgwọ a gbochiri mmụba nke NAcc DA ntọhapụ a hụrụ n'ime ụmụ anụmanụ na-achịkwa [*p <0.05, oge perfusion na oge 0 (ntọala)]. VEH, Ugbo ala.
NKWASỊTA
Ihe nchoputa a gosiputara njikọ nke ihe di na hypothalamic na mesolimbic nke ụbụrụ nwere ike ịkwalite agụụ mmekọahụ n'oge PEI. Na nnwale 1 anyị guzobere na extracellular DA etoju na-abawanye na NAcc nke oke oke n'oge mkpo ma ọ ga-ebelata mgbe ejisisịrị, n'oge PEI. A kọọla nsonaazụ ndị yiri nke a, dabere na na vivousoro chronoamperometric (Phillips et al., 1991). Ọ bụ ezie na usoro ndị dị otú ahụ nwere mkpebi siri ike nke oge, ha enweghị ike ịhapụ ịhapụ onyinye nke DOPAC na ascorbic acid site na nke DA gaa na mgbaama (Dayton et al., 1981; Gonon et al., 1984). Na nso nso a, iji na vivo microdialysis, nke nwere ezigbo mkpebi neurochemical, Fiorino et al. (1997) kwubiri na oge agụụ mmekọahụ nwere ike ịbụ ihe metụtara enweghị ike nke nwanyị estrous iji kpopụta mmụba nke ọkwa NAcc DA. Na nnwale ahụ, oge ejiri ihe ngosi 15 nke nnwale, na-egbochi nkọwa nke usoro ejaculatory nke onwe. Nnwale nke oge a jiri oge nlele obere 3, na-enye oge mbụ ma mkpebi oge dị elu na mkpebi neurochemical na nyocha nke ọma na mpụta DA na oge ngosipụta omume. Ntinye nke NAcc DA ntọhapụ n'oge njikọta ego anaghị ejigide na PEI niile. Nke a na-egosi na DA-akwalite Njirimara nke nwanyị estrous nwere otu ọfụma ma ọ bụ gbochie ya ozugbo ejikọchara ọbara.
Lateral hypothalamic 5-HT etoju, nke na-abawanye mgbe ejupusịrị ọbara, nwere ike itinye aka na agụụ mmekọahụ nke PEI. Ijikwa 5-HT n'ime LHAA site na nyocha nke mgbanwe na 2 nnwale, dịka ejaculation, mepụtara mbelata ozugbo na ọkwa extracellular nke DA na NAcc. Dopamine nọgidere na-agbadata mgbe niile n'ọchịchị 5-HT. Ọgwụ a gbochikwara mmụba DA na-akpata nke nwanyị na-ejikọkarị na copu.
Anyị kọrọ na nso nso a na extracellular 5-HT mụbara na LHAA mgbe ejaculation; microinjection nke ihe SSRI banye na mpaghara a mere ka mmalite nke inwe mmekọahụ (dị ka nke PEI) na-egbu oge ịmịchasị azụ mgbe njikọta bidoro mana anaghị etinye aka na mkpọda izugbe (Lorrain et al., 1997). Ihe omuma ndi a, ya na ihe nchoputa ugbu a, na-enye echiche na ndabichi ogwugwu mgbe ejupusasiri ibu nwere ike, n'usoro, site na mwepu nke 5-HT na LHAA na nsonaazụ mgbochi nke mesoaccumbens DA. N'ọnọdụ kwesiri ekwesịrị, a na-ahapụ DA n'ime anụ oke nke NA mgbe oke elele dị (Louilot et al., 1991; Damsma et al., 1992). Nke a nwere ike mee ka nwoke nwee mmekọ na nwanyị. Ọrịa NA-na-agbada ugboro ugboro belata ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụlọ arụrụala na nzaghachi nke nwanyị na - eme ihe nke ukwuu ma na - egbu oge ịmalite copu (Liu et al., 1998). N'oge PEI, ọkwa NAcc DA na-agbadata (nnwale 1), dịkwa ka ngosipụta nke ọganihu mmekọahụ n'ebe nwanyị nọ. Mbilite nke 5-HT na LHAA nwere ike ịbụ isi ihe dị mkpa na igbochi usoro neuronal na-eme ka mesoaccumbens DA rụọ ọrụ na -emekarị ihe.
Njikwa mgbochi n'ime copu n'oge PEI bụ ihe dị mkpa na ihe ịga nke ọma nke ọmụmụ. Igha nkpuru mbu ga - ewepu oria a na - eme nwoke ma obu nwanyi na - akwalite mbuba na nwanyi.Adler na Zoloth, 1970; Sachs, 1982); Ọzọkwa, agba agba agba nke abụọ ga-eme n'oge na-adịghị anya nke mbụ ga-enwe ọnụọgụ dị ala karịa nke bu ụzọ. Ọnọdụ mmekọahụ nke PEI abụghị n'ihi ọdịda na-ada ada; a na - eme ka sọwa dị asọ, ma ọ bụ na - eme ka ọ dịwanye mma site na njedebe izizi (O'Hanlon na Sachs, 1980). Ya mere, ọ dị mkpa ka nwoke na nwanyị (nwanyị) gbochie mkpali ime n'oge PEI iji kwalite ime nke ọma. Nchikota nke di na LHAA 5-HT (Lorrain et al., 1997) na mmụba na NAcc DA na ngwụsị nke PEI na-atụ aro ụzọ ọ ga - esi gboo oge agụụ mmekọahụ a. Nlele nke usoro abuo abuo adaberebeghi ntuziaka nke ihe ndaputa. Ka osi di, nchoputa di omimi nke 5-HT n’ime LHAA na-agbada ọkwa extracellular nke DA na NA na-atụ aro na postejaculatory ịrị elu na 5-HT na LHAA na - ebute mbelata na NAcc DA.
Ndị LHAA nwere ike dabara nke ọma maka ịmegharị ozi ndị metụtara mmekọahụ site na hypothalamus ruo ụbụrụ ndị ọzọ. A kọwawo akụkụ akụkụ hypothalamus dị ka ihe na-achịkwa omume mkpali na mkpali (Benarroch, 1993). Ọtụtụ neurons nke dị n'azụ hypothalamus (LH) gbanwere ngwa ngwa ịgba egbe ha na nzaghachi maka injections jugular nke testosterone ma ọ bụ estrogen (Orsini, 1982) yana iduzi itinye homonụ ndị a (Orsini, 1985). Na mgbakwunye, nyocha 2-deoxyglucose nke ọkara nke mkpalite mkpịsị ugodi ekpughere mmụba nke ọrụ irighiri akwara na LH na nzaghachi maka isi ụmụ nwanyị (Orsini et al., 1985). Ya mere, LH neurons nwere ike ịkwalite mmasị nwoke na agụụ mmekọahụ na / ma ọ bụ ọrụ. Na mgbakwunye, parasagittal na-ekewapụta MPOA na LHAAukwu nwere uru dị na ya maka ọgwu (Szechtman et al., 1978; Brackett na Edwards, 1984).
E nwere opekata mpe ụzọ abụọ nwere ike ịgbazi LHAA Mmetụta 5-HT na ntọhapụ NAcc DA (Fig.3). LHA esonye n’otu usoro nke mejuputara mpaghara subpallidal, nke egosiri na o nwere njikọ chiri anya na NAcc (Hakan et al., 1992; Wu et al., 1996). E nwekwara ihe ngosi anụ ahụ nke na-agbadata n'okporo ụzọ si LH gaa n'akụkụ mpaghara ventral tegmental (VTA)Wolf na Sutin, 1966; Saper et al., 1979). N'ihi ya, a tọhapụrụ DA na NAcc ozugbo site na ụzọ ahụ na-arịgo site na LHA gaa na NAcc ma ọ bụ modulated n'ụzọ na-agbadata ụzọ site na LHA na VTA.
Schematic na-anọchite anya ndị nwere ike ịgbatị ụdọ okirikiri gụnyere na LHAA 5-HT inhibition nke NAcc DA tọhapụ. Enwere ike imegharị DA site na 5-HT na-eme ihe na ntanetị uche ndị sitere na LHAA na NAcc (A) ma ọ bụ usoro ntule na-ezighi ezi na-eru VTA (B). Si n’aka Paxinos na Watson (1982). MFB, ukwu nke agịga.
Enwere mpaghara ọdụ ụgbọ elu NAcc nwere mpaghara abụọ dị mkpa, shei na isi (maka ntụle, lee Deutch et al., 1993). N'ime ọmụmụ ugbu a, a machibidoro nyocha microdialysis na shei ahụ wee gosipụta LHAA 5-HT na-achịkwa okpuru a. Amabeghị ma isi ahụ ka ọ na-emetụta. Ozi dị otú a nwere ike inye nghọta banyere ọdịiche dị n'okpuru abụọ a na njikwa nke omume ndị kpaliri.
Ọ bụ ezie na copulation emeghị nzaghachi DA na NAcc ipsilateral na mgbanwe mgbanwe 5-HT (nnwale 2), ụmụ nwoke niile nwere ike ịnakọta, ikekwe n'ihi ọrụ DA nkịtị na mpaghara mmachi enweghị mmetụta ọ bụla. Edeghị ụkpụrụ nke omume, yabụ ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịmata ma ụmụ anụmanụ 5-HT dị iche na njikwa. Agbanyeghị, microinjections abụọ nke SSRI banye na LHAA egburu oge na oge nkwụsịtụ na nnwale gara aga (Lorrain et al., 1997). Ọrịa NA-na-agbada nke ọnụnọ nke NAcc egbupụrụ oge inwe mkpakọ (Liu et al., 1998), na ịbelata nkwupụta NAcc DA na-egbu oge na mgbachi nwayọ nwayọ (Hull et al., 1991), na-atụ aro na NAcc DA adịghị mkpa maka copulation mana ọ na-akwalite mmalite ya.
Ihe nchoputa ndi a nwere ike inwe ihe kwesiri ekwesi na serotonergic banyere omume ndi ozo. Ọrụ Mesoaccumbens DA na-atụnye ụtụ na nkwado maka ọtụtụ ụdị omume mkpali (Koob, 1996; Salamone et al., 1997). Eziokwu ahụ mụbara extracellular 5-HT na LHAA nwere ike igbochi ntọhapụ NA NA DA na-egosi na ịba ụba LHAA 5-HT nwere ike imetụta ọtụtụ omume. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, extracellular DA na NAcc na-ebuli elu tupu oge oriri nri wee daa mgbe ọ bụla (Wilson et al., 1995). Ọzọkwa, ntọhapụ LHA 5-HT na-abawanye n'oge oriri nri ma atụ aro ka otu ihe na-akwalite satiety (Schwartz et al., 1989; Aoyagi et al., 1992). DA, yana 5-HT, na LHA nwere ike igbochi ntọhapụ NAcc DA na nkwalite omume (Parada et al., 1995). Ya mere, ma 5-HT na DA weputara na LHAA nwere ike ịbụ akụkụ nke sekọnd nke akwara ọrụ maka ịkwụsị agụụ ịkpa anụ agụụ, ikekwe site na igbochi mkpali NAcc DA na-akpali akpali.
Ihe omuma di ugbu a nwekwara ike inye mmetuta banyere ihe mmegharị 5-HT gbanwere na ntinye ọkụ eletriki nke ụbụrụ ya na nchịkwa onwe ya. Omume ndị a dị n'okpuru ọrụ nke mesoaccumbens DA (maka ntụle, lee Di Chiara, 1995) enwere ike ịkwalite ma ọ bụ gbochie ya site na ibelata ma ọ bụ ịba ụba, n'otu n'otu, 5-HT neurotransmission [nkwalite ụbụrụ eletriki (Poschel na Ninteman, 1971; Katz na Carroll, 1977; Montgomery et al., 1991; Ochie na Yuwiler, 1992; Fletcher et al., 1995) na nchịkwa nchịkwa onweCarroll et al., 1990a,b; Loh na Roberts, 1990; Richardson na Roberts, 1991)]. Agbanyeghị, enwere akụkọ na-adịbeghị anya na-egosi mkpali nke 5-HT1Bụdị nnabata nwere ike welie nkwado cocaine ma si otú ahụ cocaine njikwa onwe ya (Parsons et al., 1998). Ka o sina dị, ihe nchoputa ugbu a na-egosi saịtị dị n'etiti nke nwere ike ịgbanye mmetụta ọjọọ nke 5-HT na akparamagwa nke onwe ya na -achị isi. N'ihi ya, LHAA 5-HT nwere ike ịbụ ihe dị mkpa ịtụle mgbe ị na-emepe atụmatụ maka ọgwụgwọ nke ị abuseụ ọgwụ ọjọọ.
Na mmechi, extracellular DA na NAcc mụbara n'oge copulation mana ọ belatara mgbe ejisịrị. Ime elu LHAA 5-HT site na mgbanwe mgbanwe a belatara extracellular DA n'oge ọnọdụ basal na copulation abụọ. Data ndị a, yana nchọpụta ndị ọzọLorrain et al., 1997), na-atụ aro na LHAA 5-HT na-egbochi ikike inhibitory na oke copu, na akụkụ, site na igbochi ntọhapụ NAcc DA mgbe ejupusịrị. Nchoputa a putara ihe banyere ulo ogwu ndi putara ihe banyere ndi n’eburu ogwu ogwu ojoo, isi nsogbu ya bu nsogbu nke ejaculatory na orgasmic na belata libido. Ọ na-atụ arokwa mpaghara etiti ebe 5-HT nwere ike itinye aka na nchịkwa nchịkwa maka omume ndị ọzọ kpaliri.
Ihe odide ala
- Natara April 9, 1999.
- nabatara June 11, 1999.
Ndi National Institute of Mental Health Grant MH40826 nyere aka na EMH
Ekwesịrị ịkpọtụrụ Dr. Elaine M. Hull, Ngalaba Psychology, Mahadum State nke New York na Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260.
Adreesị Dr. Dr. Lorrain dị ugbu a: Ngalaba isi mmụọ, Mahadum nke Chicago, MC 3077, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637.
Adreesị Dr. Mattuszewich dị ugbu a: Ngalaba isi mmụọ, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-5000.
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