Sauye-sauye na Macrostructural na ƙananan launin toka a cikin ƙananan cututtukan kwayoyin halitta (2012)

COMMENTS: 'Psychogenic ED' yana nufin ED wanda ke fitowa daga kwakwalwa. An sau da yawa ana magana da shi azaman 'ilimin halin kirki na ED.' Ya bambanta, 'Organic ED' yana nufin ED a matakin azzakari, kamar tsofaffin tsufa, ko jijiyoyi da matsalolin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini.

Wannan binciken ya gano cewa ED-psychogenic yana da dangantaka sosai da atrophy na launin toka a cikin ladabi (ƙananan accumbens) da kuma cibiyoyin jima'i na da hypothalamus. Matsalar toka shine inda ƙwayoyin jijiyoyin ke sadarwa. Don cikakkun bayanai, kalli jerin bidiyo na biyu (gefen hagu), wanda yayi magana game da masu karɓar dopamine da dopamine. Abin da wannan binciken ya bincika.

Idan ka duba ta Bidiyo na batsa & ED kun ga zamewa wanda kibiya ke gudana daga tsakiya ya kara zuwa hypothalamus, inda cibiyoyin kafa kwakwalwa suke. Dopamine a cikin hypothalamus da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta shine babban injin bayan libido da erections.

Ƙananan launin toka yana nuna ƙananan kwayoyin tausayi na kwayoyin halitta da ƙananan kwayoyin jijiyoyin ƙwayoyin jini. A wasu kalmomi, nazarin yana cewa psychogenic ED ba BABI bane, amma a jiki: low dopamine da dopamine sigina. Wadannan binciken sun daidaita daidai da maganata game da ladabi na ED.

Sun kuma gudanar da gwaje-gwaje na kwakwalwa don gwada mutane da psychogenic ED zuwa mutane ba tare da ED ba. Sun sami:

  • “Babu damuwa, kamar yadda aka auna ta STAI, ko kuma halin mutum, kamar yadda aka auna ta sikelin BIS / BAS, bai nuna mahimmanci tsakanin bambancin rukuni ba. An ga bambanci mai mahimmanci don ƙananan "Neman Nishaɗi" na sikelin BIS / BAS tare da mahimmancin ma'ana don sarrafawa fiye da marasa lafiya "

results: babu bambance-bambance a cikin damuwa ko halin mutum, sai dai mutanen da ke da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ba ta da ɗan ƙaramin nishaɗi (ƙananan dopamine). Ya tunani ?? Tambayar ita ce, "Me yasa waɗannan 17 tare da mutanen ED masu ilimin psychogenic ba su da ƙwayar launin toka a cibiyar ladarsu da hypothalamus idan aka kwatanta da sarrafawa?" Ban sani ba. Shekaru sun kasance daga 19-63. Matsakaicin shekarunsa = 32. Shin amfani da batsa ne?

 PLoS Daya. 2012; 7 (6): e39118. Doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0039118. Epub 2012 Jun 18.

Cera N, Delli Pizzi S, Di Pierro ED, Gambi F, Tartaro A, Vicentini C, Paradiso Galatioto G, Romani GL, Ferretti A.

source

Ma'aikatar Neuroscience da Imaging, Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Kimiyyar Kimiyyar Kimiyyar Kimiyyar Kimiyya (ITAB), Jami'ar G. d'Annunzio na Chieti, Chieti, Italiya. [email kariya]

Abstract

An ƙaddara cututtuka na Psychogenic Duplex (ED) a matsayin rashin ci gaba da samun damar samun daidaito don yardar jima'i. Yana nuna babban tasiri da tashe-tashen hankula tsakanin mutane, tare da tasiri mai muhimmanci a kan rayuwar rayuwa. Bayanan binciken da ba a yi ba ne a cikin binciken binciken da ake yi na cin hanci da rashawa na yin la'akari da rawar da ake yiwa ta farko, da cingulate, da cizon kwakwalwa a yayin da ake motsa jiki.

Duk da sanannun sanannun shigar da yankuna masu tsaka-tsaki kamar su hypothalamus da kuma caudate a cikin jima'i na jima'i, da kuma muhimmiyar rawa na tsakiya ya kara da farin ciki da lada, ba a kula da hankali ga matsayinsu a cikin cin zarafin mata ba.

A cikin wannan binciken, mun ƙaddara kasancewar siffar launin toka (GM) a cikin sifofin ƙwayoyi irin su amygdala, hippocampus, mahaifa accumbens, mahadate nucleus, putamen, pallidum, thalamus, da hypothalamus a cikin marasa lafiya da ED da kuma maza masu lafiya. Bayan binciken Rigiscan, urological, general likita, mota da kuma hormonal, ƙwaƙwalwar tunanin mutum da hankali, 17 masu aiki da psychogenic ED da 25 controls lafiya sun tattara domin tsarin tsarin MRI.

An lura da ƙwayar GM da ke da ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar kwayar halitta a cikin marasa lafiya game da sarrafawa. Shafin bincike ya nuna cewa wannan atrophy yana samuwa a cikin hagu na hagu-gaba da na baya daga accumbens. Hagu na hagu yana ƙaddamar da ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin marasa lafiya wanda aka haɗa da aikin ƙananan aiki kamar yadda aka auna ta hanyar IIEF-5 (Fasaha na Duniya na Erectile Function). Bugu da ƙari, an kuma lura da wani atrophy GM na hagu na hypothalamus. Sakamakonmu yana nuna cewa ciwon ƙwayar kwayar accumbens tana taka rawar muhimmiyar rawa a cikin cututtuka na psychogenic erectile. Mun yi imanin cewa wannan canji zai iya rinjayar abin da ya shafi motsa jiki. Abubuwan da muka samu yana taimakawa wajen bunkasa yanayin ƙwayar cututtuka na psychogenic erectile.

Gabatarwa

An ƙayyade Dysfunction Psychogenic Erectile (ED) a matsayin mai dagewar rashin isa ga cimmawa da kuma kula da tsararren da ya isa don yin jima'i. Bugu da ƙari, psychogenic ED yana wakiltar rashin lafiya da ya danganci kiwon lafiyar jiki kuma tana da tasirin gaske a kan ingancin rayuwar waɗanda ke fama da abokan hulɗa. Nazarin halittu na annoba sun nuna rashin daidaito da tasiri na EDD psychogenic tsakanin maza.

A cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, yawancin binciken da ake gudanarwa a cikin kwakwalwa sunyi tasiri a kan kwakwalwa wanda aka haifar dashi ta hanyar jima'i da matakan da ke ciki, ya nuna nuna hannu ga daban-daban na al'amuran da ke ciki, irin su cinging cortex, insula caudate nucleus, putamen, thalamus, amygdala da hypothalamus [1]-[5]. Wadannan karatun sun ƙyale su yi la'akari da rawar da yankunan ƙwaƙwalwar da dama suke takawa a sassa daban-daban na jima'i. Hakika namiji yaron yaron ya kasance a matsayin wani nau'i na al'ada mai yawa wanda ya shafi sifofin zuciya, tunanin zuciya da kuma abubuwan da suka shafi jiki wanda ke tafiya akan sassan kwakwalwa. Hakanan, ƙananan binciken neuroimaging sun yi nazari akan maganganun da ke tattare da rashin cin zarafin mata. Wadannan binciken sun nuna cewa wasu yankuna na kwakwalwa, kamar, misali, ƙuƙwalwa da ƙuƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta, na iya samun sakamako mai hanawa a kan batun jima'i na maza [6]-[8]. Duk da haka, shaidu masu yawa [9]-[12] nuna muhimmancin tsari a cikin sassa daban-daban na halin kirki. Hakika, hypothalamus tana taka muhimmiyar rawa [4], [5] a tsakiyar kula da penile erection. A cewar Ferretti da abokan aiki [4] hypothalamus zai iya kasancewa ƙwararren kwakwalwa wanda zai haifar da amsa mai tushe ta hanyar shirye-shiryen bidiyo.

An sani kadan game da rawar da sauran wuraren da suka rage a cikin lalacewa ta maza. Daga cikin yankuna masu launin launin toka (GM), ƙwararren ƙwararrun suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin lada da ladabi. [13]-[16] da kuma ƙwayar caudate a cikin kula da batun halayyar halayyar halayyar jima'i [2].

Manufar wannan binciken shine bincika idan masu aikin likitancin na ED sun nuna matakan gine-gine na tsarin GM mai zurfi wanda ke cikin jima'i na jima'i, a cikin yardan da lada.

Don gwada wannan tsinkaya, nazarin MRI tsari na tsarin GM guda takwas na kwakwalwa, irin su mahalartacci, amygdala, caudate, hippocampus, pallidum, samin, thalamus da hypothalamus an yi a kan yawan masu nazari na likitoci na ED da kuma kula da su. Idan akwai wasu bambance-bambance tsakanin kungiyoyi biyu a wasu daga cikin waɗannan yankuna, haɗinmu shine mu ga kasancewar dangantaka tsakanin canje-canje a cikin ƙananan sassa na ƙwaƙwalwar kwakwalwa da kuma matakai.

Ka tafi zuwa ga:

Hanyar

Bayanan Haɓaka

Binciken ya amince da kwamitin na Jami'ar Chieti (PROT 1806 / 09 COET) kuma an gudanar da shi bisa ga Helsinki Declaration. Kariya ga bayanan sirri da kuma zumuntar su an tabbatar da su ta hanyar aiwatar da jagorancin Rosen da Beck [17]. An bayyana cikakken zane-zane a rubuce kuma an samu izinin sanarwar bayanan daga duk masu halartar shiga cikin bincikenmu.

Nazarin Zane

97 marasa lafiya wadanda suka ziyarci asibitin likitancin don maganin jima'i na Division of Urology na Sashen Kimiyyar Lafiya na Jami'ar L'Aquila a tsakanin Janairu 2009 da Mayu 2010 sun karɓa don wannan binciken. Maganin da suka ziyarci asibitin sun yi kuka game da lalacewa, yayin da batutuwa masu kyau sun karu ta hanyar sanarwa kan wata jaridu a Jami'ar Chieti da kuma asibitin Teramo.

Dukkan mahalarta sunyi nazari bisa ga wani tsari na musamman wanda ya hada da likita, likita da kuma nazarin ilimin lissafi, likita da ƙwaƙwalwar tunani da kwakwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa.

batutuwa

Marasa lafiya sun zo wurin asibiti na likitancin don cin zarafin jima'i da matsalolin da marasa lafiya suka fuskanta ko saninsu sun bayyana. An rarraba marasa lafiya kamar ciwon psychogenic Dysfunction tace-tsaren (nau'in halitta ko yanayin yanayi) ko Organic lalacewar kafa (maganin jini, neurogenic, hormonal, metabolic, induced drug). An gudanar da bincike na Urologic bisa sharuɗɗa na yau da kullum domin ganewar asali na dysfunction erectile [18].

Binciken gwajin da aka samu na kwakwalwa na kwayoyin halitta (Halittar halitta) ya kasance ta hanyar binciken jiki tare da girmamawa a kan tsarin genitourinary, endocrin, tsarin kwakwalwa da kuma kwayoyin halitta. Bugu da ƙari, an yi nazarin al'ada na dare da maraice by na'urar Rigiscan a lokacin uku a jere dare, yayin da, al'ada Penile hemodynamics an kimanta ta amfani da launi Doppler Sonography. A cikakke, an cire marasa lafiya 80 saboda yawancin su ba su dace da ka'idoji don shiga cikin gwaji ba. Wasu daga cikinsu sun kasance a kan maganin antidepressants, ko suna da ƙarancin hormonal. Duk da haka, dukkanin marasa lafiya da cututtuka na psychogenic erectile sun shiga. Haka kuma an yi nazari kan asibitoci a kan batutuwa masu iko. An tabbatar da tsararren al'ada na al'ada a cikin sarrafawa.

Ma'aurata bakwai na hagun magungunan 'yan mata da ƙididdigar kwayar cutar psychogenic erectile dysfunction (yana nufin shekaru ± SD = 34.3 ± 11; Zanen 19-63) da ashirin da biyar lafiya dama hannun namiji maza (yana nufin shekaru ± SD =33.4 ± 10; Zanen 21-67) An yi amfani da su domin wannan binciken. Magunguna da kyawawan lafiya sun daidaita ba kawai dangane da kabilanci, shekaru, ilimi ba, amma har ma dangane da amfani da nicotine [19].

Ilimin Kimiyya da Ilimin Kimiyya

Dukkanin batutuwa sunyi nazarin tarihin likita ta 1-h tare da likitancin likita kuma sun dauki Interview na Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) [20].

Ayyukan da aka yi amfani da su, da jima'i da jima'i, matsayi na ruhaniya, juyayi da mutuntaka sunyi la'akari ta amfani da tambayoyin masu biyowa: Fasaha ta Duniya na Erectile Function (IIEF) [21], Binciken Arousal Aiki (SAI) [22], SCL-90-R [23], Ingantacin Jakadancin Jihar (STAI) [24], da ƙaddarar ƙirar Behavioral / Sake ƙwarewa (BIS / BAS sikelin) [25], bi da bi.

MRI Samun Bayanai

Kwararrun MRI da aka yi ne ta hanyar 3.0 T "Achieva" Philips na jiki duka (Philips Medical System, Best, Netherlands), ta yin amfani da murfin rediyo na jiki don motsawar siginar da kuma tashar kai ta tashar tashoshi takwas don karɓar sigina.

An samo babban tsari na ƙuduri ta hanyar zangon sauƙi na 3D mai sauri1-arƙaccen yanayin. Sakamakon samo asali ne: girman nauyin 1 mm isotropic, TR / TE = 8.1 / 3.7 ms; yawan sassan = 160; babu rata tsakanin sassan; cikakken kwakwalwa; flip kwana = 8 °, da SENSE factor = 2.

data Analysis

An gwada bayanan MRI na kayan aiki ta amfani da kayan aiki daga MRI na aikin fasaha ta Fasaha (FMRIB) Software [FLS, http://www.fmrib.ox.ac.uk/fsl/index.html] [26], [27] version 4.1. Kafin yin amfani da bayanai, an yi amfani da SUSAN algorithm na ragewa ta hanyoyi na siffofi.http://www.fmrib.ox.ac.uk/analysis/research/susan/].

Sakamakon ƙididdiga da Shafin Juzu'i na Ƙananan Tsarin Harsoyi

Ana amfani da kayan aiki na FLIRT don daidaita daidaituwa na 3D T1 Hotuna a kan samfurin MNI152 (Cibiyar Neurological Nerological) ta hanyar gyaran da aka yi a kan 12 digiri na 'yanci (watau fassarar uku, juyawa uku, uku uku da uku) [28], [29]. Ƙaddamarwar tsari na launin toka mai ƙananan (GM) da cikakkiyar ƙididdigar ƙarar amygdala, hippocampus, ƙananan accumbens, ƙwayoyin caudate, saitamen, pallidum da thalamus an yi ta amfani da FIRST [30]. A sakamakon haka, an duba wuraren da aka yi amfani da su don ganin kurakurai.

Ga kowane tsarin GM, wanda ya samo asali na FIRST yana ba da nauyin farfajiya (a cikin MNI152 sarari) wanda aka kafa ta saitin triangles. Ana kiran jigon kwakwalwan da ake kira vertices. Saboda adadin waɗannan tsararru a kowane tsarin GM an gyara, ana iya kwatanta kayan aiki daidai da mutane da tsakanin kungiyoyi. Hanyoyi na Pathological gyare gyare-gyaren daidaitacce / matsayi. Ta wannan hanyar, an canza yanayin gyare-gyare a cikin gida ta hanyar bincika wurare masu tsabta da kuma duba bambance-bambance a ma'ana matsakaicin matsayi tsakanin masu sarrafawa da kungiyoyin marasa lafiya. An yi amfani da kwatancen kamfanoni game da kayan aiki ta amfani da F-statistics [30], [31]. Matrix da aka tsara shi ne guda ɗaya mai rikida wanda ke ƙayyade ƙungiyar (zabin ga sarrafawa, wadanda ga marasa lafiya).

Ƙididdigar Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Brain

SIENAX [http://www.fmrib.ox.ac.uk/fsl/fast4/index.html#FastGui] an yi amfani da shi don kimanta ƙwararren ƙwayar jiki. Bayan kwakwalwa da kwashe gilashi, an tsara siffar asali na kowane batu a cikin sararin samaniya na MNI 152 kamar yadda aka bayyana a sashe na baya. Nau'in nau'i-nau'i [32] an yi don kimanta kundin GM, nau'in fata (WM), GM na tsakiya, CSF masu ventricular da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar kwakwalwa. An ƙididdige ƙarar intracranial (ICV) ta hanyar ƙara ƙwayoyin murfin jini, GM da GM duka tare.

Ra'ayin nazarin Morphometry (VBM) na ROI na Voxel

Bisa ga hanyoyin da aka wallafa ta wallafe-wallafe [33], Bincike na ROI-VBM na hypothalamus an yi domin tantance yanayin canji na jiki wanda ke faruwa a cikin marasa lafiya na ED fiye da batun batutuwa. ROI na hannun dama da hagu hypothalamus an ɗauka da hannayen hannu akan ƙaddarar MRI [34].

Ana yin nazarin bayanan ta hanyar amfani da VBM [35], [36]. Bayan ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa ta amfani da BET [37], sashi-nau'i-nau'i-nau'i-nau'i da aka yi ta amfani da FAST4 [32]. Sakamakon GM na girman girman hotuna sun hada da hanyar MNI152 ta hanyar amfani da kayan aiki mai suna FLIRT [28], [29], biyo bayan yin rajistar rajista ta amfani da FNIRT [38], [39]. Hotunan da aka samo sun kasance suna ƙaddara don ƙirƙirar samfurin, wanda aka ba da alamun GM na asali ba tare da yin rajista ba. Don gyaran ƙimar gida ko ƙuntatawa, an yi amfani da hotuna masu yawa na rajista wanda aka raba ta hanyar rarraba ta Yakubu na filin filin. A ƙarshe, an kwatanta kamfanoni masu kulawa da kula da su ta hanyar amfani da ƙididdiga mai ƙididdigar ƙira (5000 permutations) da kuma ƙirar haɓakaccen ƙirar kofa a cikin kofa a cikin kayan aikin gwajin "randomize" a FSL [http://www.fmrib.ox.ac.uk/fsl/randomise/index.html]. Don shawo kan haɗari don ƙwarewar ƙarya, an saita maɓallin mahimmanci don bambancin tsakanin kungiyoyi a p <0.05 da aka gyara don kuskuren hikima na iyali (FWE). An kuma yi nazarin alaƙa da IIEF-5 da SAI.

ilimin kididdiga Analysis

An yi amfani da Statistica® 6.0 don nazarin bayanai. An kwatanta marasa lafiya na ED da kuma kulawar lafiya ta hanyar binciken banbancin bambancin (1-way ANOVA) don shekaru, matakin ilimi, amfani da nicotine, ICV da kuma tsarin manyan launin toka daban. Don rage yiwuwar kuskuren nau'in I, cikakken nazarin bambancin bambancin (MANOVA) ta amfani da juzu'i guda na ƙananan hanyoyin da aka gyara don ICVs a cikin kowane nazarin azaman masu canji masu dogaro. Bayan haka, 1-way ANOVAs (tsakanin ƙungiyoyi) an gudana don kowane ƙimar girma. An yi amfani da matakin mahimmancin p <0.05. Bayan haka, ana bincika yiwuwar dangantaka tsakanin matakan ɗabi'a da ƙimar girma. Valuesididdigar ƙimar girma da matakan ɗabi'a, waɗanda aka haɗa a cikin nazarin alaƙa, sune waɗanda suka nuna mahimmanci tsakanin bambance-bambancen ƙungiya. Anyi nazarin alaƙa ta hanyar haɓakar Spearman, don ƙungiyoyi biyu daban, an gyara don kwatancen da yawa (p <0.05).

Ka tafi zuwa ga:

results

An nuna fasali na mutane don kungiyoyi biyu a cikin Table 1.

Table 1                

Abubuwan halayewa.

Kwararrun marasa lafiya na ED da kulawar lafiya ba su bambanta da shekaru, matakin ilimi, amfani da nicotine da ICV (Intra Cranial Volume in mm3), ƙwayoyin launin toka da fari da kuma yawan ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa.

Bambanci tsakanin bambancin kungiya da aka samo don duka cibiyoyin IIEF-5 tare da dabi'u masu girma a cikin ƙungiyar kula da ƙungiyar haƙuri (F(1,40)= 79; p <0.001), kuma don jimlar SAI tare da F(1,40)= 13 da p <0.001). Musamman ma, a cikin "Ƙaƙarin" na ƙa'idodin lafiya na SAI ya nuna alama mafi mahimmanci fiye da marasa lafiya na ED (F(1,40)= 22.3; shafi na <0.001). Babu damuwa, kamar yadda STAI ta yi, ko kuma mutum, kamar yadda aka auna ta BIS / BAS, ya nuna muhimmancin bambancin kungiyoyi. An sami bambanci mai mahimmanci a matsayin "Fun Searching" na sikashin BIS / BAS tare da mafi girma mahimmanci ci don sarrafawa fiye da marasa lafiya (F(1,40)= 5.2; shafi na <0.05).

A cikin kowane nau'i na 7 da ke ƙarƙashin magunguna (thalamus, hippocampus, caudate, shinamen, pallidum, amygdala, da accumbens) an rarrabe su da kuma kundin da aka auna da kayan aikin FIRST (Fig.1). Table 2 ya ruwaito mahimmancin kundin (M) da daidaitattun ƙaura (SD) na yankuna da aka ambata a sama a cikin millimita na sukari ga masu adawa da ED da masu kula da su. Table 3 ya nuna nauyin kundin tsarin tsari a cikin ƙungiyoyi masu haƙuri da kulawa don kwakwalwa biyu. MANOVA ya nuna cewa akwai tsakanin bambance-bambance a cikin yankuna masu mahimmanci (Wilks λ = 0.58; F = 3,45; p = 0.006). Sa'an nan kuma, jerin biyan hanyoyi guda guda ANOVAs sun nuna raguwar karuwar girma daga cikin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin marasa lafiya na ED idan aka gwada su. (F(1,40)= 11,5; p = 0.001).

Figure 1   
Rabaccen abu mai zurfi mai siffar launin toka.
Table 2                 

Ma'anar ƙididdigar tsari a cikin nau'i-nau'i mai siffar sukari ga masu kula da marasa lafiya da masu kula da lafiya na Psychogenic ED.
Table 3                  

Kundin ma'anar tsari a cikin kwakwalwa na siffar sukari na Psychogenic ED na kula da marasa lafiya da kulawa da lafiya da kuma kwakwalwa biyu.

Wani ƙarin MANOVA, wanda ya yi akan dabi'u na kundin hagu da dama na yankuna, ya nuna bambancin da ke tsakanin masu adawa na ED da kuma iko (Wilks λ = 0.48; F = 2,09; p = 0.04). Saboda haka, biyan kuɗi guda daya ANOVAs Ya nuna matakan ƙananan ƙananan hagu da dama na tsakiya da ke haɓaka a marasa lafiya na ED game da kulawar lafiya (F(1,40)= 9.76; p = 0.003; F(1,40)= 9.19; p = 0.004 daidai da haka).

Ana nuna sakamakon sakamakon siffar da aka yi a kan ƙananan mahaifa a cikin Figure 2.

Figure 2     Figure 2             

Hanyar maganin Vertex-mai hikima na tsakiya ya kara tsakanin masu kula da lafiya da marasa lafiya Psychogenic ED.

Samun kwatankwacin wuri tsakanin ƙungiyoyi biyu ya nuna muhimmancin atrophy na yanki a cikin likitocin ED a cikin rubutu zuwa ga hagu na tsakiya-da kuma, a cikin bilatin, zuwa ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin.

Kamar yadda aka ruwaito Figure 3, ROI-VBM bincike ya nuna atrophy na GM a cikin hagu hypothalamus (p <0.05, ana sarrafa ƙimar FWE). Musamman, an sami asarar GM a cikin ƙwayar supraoptic na yankin hypothalamic na gaba (x, y, z haɗin kai: -6, -2, -16, p = 0.01corrected), ƙwayar ventromedial na hypothalamus (x, y, z jagororin: -4, -4, -16, p = 0.02 gyara), da kuma tsakiya na preoptic na tsakiya (x, y, z haɗin kai: -4, 0, -16, p = 0.03 ya gyara).

Figure 3    Figure 3             

Ƙararrawar ƙararrawar giraguni na hagu na hypothalamus a gefen hagu a cikin marasa lafiya na marasa lafiya na ED.

An yi nazarin daidaitawa tsakanin matakan halayen (IIEF da SAI) da FIRST da ROI-VBM sakamakon. An lura da daidaito mai kyau tsakanin ma'anar IIEF da ƙananan hagu a cikin ƙungiyar masu haƙuri (rho = 0,6; p <0.05, an gyara don kwatancen da yawa) da kuma tsakanin cikakken sakamakon SAI da hagu hypothalamus (p = 0.01, FWE ba shi da rikici).

Ka tafi zuwa ga:

tattaunawa

Nazarinmu ya bincika alamu na yanki na yanki na maza da ke cikin ƙwayar ɗan adam. Rigar MRI ta samar da wani abu mai mahimmanci GM atrophy na hagu da dama na tsakiya da kuma hagu na hypothalamus a cikin marasa lafiya da aka gano tare da sassan jiki na ED wanda ke da cikakkiyar nau'i dangane da kula da lafiya. Wadannan canje-canje na macro-tsarin sun kasance masu zaman kansu na zamani, amfani da nicotine, matakan ilimi da ƙarar intracranial. Further, GM atroph na haɓalin hagu na hagu ya nuna kyakkyawar hulɗa da matalauta marasa aiki marasa lafiya a cikin marasa lafiya, kamar yadda aka auna ta Index na Duniya na Erectile Function (IIEF). MHar ila yau, asarar GM a cikin hagu na hypothalamic dake hagu sun danganci ƙididdigar Aiki na Abun Tunawa (SAI) wanda ya wakiltar wani nau'i na halin jima'i. Duk wadannan rukunan yankuna suna shiga hanyoyi masu hanyoyi da yawa tare da ayyuka da suka danganci kulawa da kuma motsin zuciyarmu.

Bisa ga sakamakonmu, ainihin binciken binciken da ake ciki yanzu shi ne GM atrophy ya wakilta a cikin ƙwayar mahaifa na ƙungiyar haƙuri. Ra'ayin da mahaifa ke gudana a cikin halayen jima'i yana tallafawa da shaida ta jiki a cikin namiji [40] kuma ta hanyar aikin aikin neuroimaging karatu a cikin maza masu lafiya a yayin da ake gani na ruhaniya [2]. Tya saki dopamine a cikin ƙananan mahaukaciyar tafiyar da tsarin mesolimbic wanda ke cikin haɓaka halayyar a cikin amsa ga alamomi na hanyoyi da ke nuna alamar ƙarfafawa ko ƙarfafawa [41]. Wannan shaida ta goyan baya ne ta hanyar jigilar nau'ikan kwayoyin halitta a cikin NAcc don yin halayen jima'i a namiji [40], [41]. Babu shakka an ƙara yawan kwayoyin kwayar cutar a cikin ƙwayar mahaifa na haifa namiji a yayin da aka gabatar da yarinya a gare shi. An ragu wannan karuwar a lokacin da aka ba da ladabi.

Bisa ga wannan, haɗin aiki a cikin ƙananan ginshiƙan ya danganta da ka'idojin amsawar motsa jiki. Tsakanin dan adam mai suna accumbens yana iya zama mai amsawa ga abubuwa masu ban sha'awa a cikin jima'i maimakon jin daɗi [42]. A cewar Redoutè da abokan aiki [2] mawuyacin ƙwayar cuta zai iya shiga cikin abin da ke motsawa na fushin mata. An yi amfani da ginshiƙan dan adam wanda aka haɓaka a lokacin da aka gina shi ta hanyar zane-zane [1], [2].

Bugu da ƙari, sakamakonmu game da bambance-bambance na bambance-bambance ya kasance daidai da jigon dalili, wanda aka ba da cewa atrophy da aka lura da shi ya haɗa da harsashi na tsakiya. Shell tana wakiltar wani yanki wanda ya bayyana da alaka da motsa jiki da kuma halayyar haɓakawa [43], [44]. A cikin namiji namiji da zaɓaɓɓeccen zaɓi na electrophysiological na harsashi, amma ba ainihin maɗaukaki ba, yana kara ƙara karɓuwa ga wanda ba a saka masa ba [45].

Sakamakonmu sunyi layi tare da alamun dabbobin da suka gabata da suka lura yadda aka cire dopamine daga tsakiya da kuma tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsaki na hypothalamus yana alama a daidaita tsarin lokaci na motsa jikir.

Ta wannan hanyar, hypothalamus wakiltar wani yanki mai mahimmanci don aikin haɓakawa [3], [4]. Mun sami raguwa a cikin ƙwayar launin toka na hypothalamus a cikin marasa lafiya da cututtuka na psychogenic. Wadannan canje-canje a cikin ƙwayoyin ƙararrawa an lura da su a cikin sashin tsakiya na supraoptic na yankin hypothalamic na baya, matsakaitan preoptic da tsakiya na ventromedial.

Bisa ga jerin jarabawa na gwaji, ƙananan magunguna na tsakiya da na baya na hypothalamus suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kula da halin jima'i na kowane namiji a cikin kowane abu.s [46]. Musamman, raunin da ke tsakanin waɗannan yankuna na hypothalamic ba tare da izini ba zai kawar da jima'i na maza a cikin berayen [47], [48]. A haɗuwa, waɗannan binciken sun nuna cewa zubar da jini na tsakiya na preoptic da kuma bayan hypothalamus sun lalata halayyar jima'i a cikin berayen [40], [47], [49]. Bugu da ƙari, ƙãra aiki a lokacin da jima'i motsa jiki, yunwa da kuma zalunci da aka gani [50]. Georgiadis da abokan aiki [5] ya nuna yadda bambanci daban-daban na hypothalamus suna da dangantaka da matakai daban-daban na ginawa a cikin maza masu lafiya. Lalle ne, hypothalamus na haɓaka ya haɗu da launi na penile kuma yana da alaƙa da haɗuwa da abubuwan da aka taso.

Ayyukan aikin bincike na aiki sun nuna cewa wasu sifofin ƙira, irin su hippocampus, amygdale da thalamus sun gabatar da babban aiki game da zane-zane na ruhaniya da kuma takamaiman matakai na penile erection [4]. Bisa ga sakamakonmu, babu canje-canje a cikin girman waɗannan sassa mai launin toka a cikin ƙungiyar masu haƙuri.

Abin lura ne cewa wannan binciken yana da wasu ƙuntatawa. Tun da kayan aikin FIRST ba ya haɗa da rabawa na hypothalamus, bincike na ROI-VMB yana wakiltar mafita mafi amintacce don nazarin ta atomatik canje-canjen macro-structural a cikin hypothalamus. Amma wannan tsarin ba a samo asali ba ne don nazarin tsarin tsari, wanda ya kasance mai yiwuwa ga tsara tsarawa a cikin GM. VMB yana dogara ne akan ƙaddarar GM na gida da ƙananan hanyoyi kuma saboda haka yana kula da rashin daidaituwa na nau'i-nau'i-nau'i-nau'i da ƙwararriyar smoothing extents [30], [51]-[53]. Saboda haka ne fassarar binciken ROI-VBM na bukatar dan takara.

Kammalawa

Kodayake karuwar yawancin abincin da ke tattare da halayen jima'i, halayen mata da mata sun sami kulawa mara kyau. Abubuwan da muka gano suna jaddada kasancewar canje-canjen macro-tsarin a cikin GM na yankuna biyu da ke ƙarƙashin ƙananan yankuna, ƙananan haɓaka da kuma hypothalamus, waɗanda suke da alama suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin abubuwan da suka shafi motsa jiki. Abubuwan da muka gano sun nuna muhimmancin abin da ke motsa jiki game da halin jima'i don ba da damar yin jima'i a cikin mazajen lafiya. Bugu da ƙari, yana iya zama mai ban sha'awa cewa hana yin amfani da jima'i a marasa lafiya da ke fama da rashin lafiyar kwayar cutar ta psychogenic zai iya aiki akan wannan bangaren. Canje-canjen hanyoyin da suka dace tare da aikin da suka gabata ba su da wani sabon haske akan abin da ke faruwa a cikin maza.

Bugu da ƙari kuma, waɗannan sakamakon zasu iya taimakawa wajen inganta sababbin hanyoyin shan magani don nan gaba kuma don gwada tasirin waɗanda ke aiki a yanzu.

Ka tafi zuwa ga:

Bayanan kalmomi

 

Gasar Wasanni: Masu marubuta sun bayyana cewa babu wani abun da ya dace.

Kudade: Babu tushen samfuran waje na yanzu don wannan binciken.

Ka tafi zuwa ga:

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