Matasan matasa na Australia sunyi amfani da batsa da kungiyoyi tare da halayen halayen jima'i (2017)

Comments: Nazarin kan shekarun da shekarun da suka wuce 15-29 sun gano cewa 100% na maza sun kalli batsa. Har ila yau, ya bayar da rahoton cewa, mafi yawan batutuwa da ke kallon batsa, sun haɗu da matsalolin kiwon lafiya.

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Aust NZJ Lafiya ta Jama'a. 2017 Jun 29.

Doi: 10.1111 / 1753-6405.12678.

Ƙara MSC^{1, 2,3}, Agius PA^{1, 2,4}, Carrotte ER¹, Vella AM¹, Hellard ME^1,2.

Abstract

ABUBUWAN:

Dangane da damuwar lafiyar jama'a cewa yin amfani da batsa yana iya haifar da mummunan tasiri ga lafiyar matasa da ƙoshin lafiya, muna bayar da rahoton yawan kallon hotunan batsa da bincika abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da yawan kallo da shekaru a kallon farko.

MUTANE:

Nazarin binciken yanar gizon kai tsaye a cikin samfurin Victor na shekaru 15 zuwa 29 shekaru da aka tattara ta hanyar kafofin watsa labarai.

Sakamakon:

Tunanin 815 na 941 (87%) ya ruwaito kallon batsa. Yawan shekarun da aka yi a tarihin fina-finai na farko shine shekaru 13 don maza da shekaru 16 ga mata. Rikicin batsa mafi yawa da aka haɗu da shi ya danganta da nau'in namiji, ƙuruciyar shekaru, ilimi mafi girma, ma'anar mutum ba tare da namiji ba, kuma yana da dangantaka mai tsanani da kuma matsalolin kula da tunanin kwakwalwa. Yarinya a lokacin da aka fara kallon hotunan batsa ya haɗu da jinsi maza, ƙananan shekarun da suka wuce, ilimi mafi girma, wanda ba na namiji ba ne, ɗan ƙaramin shekaru a farkon hulɗar jima'i da matsalolin kiwon lafiya na baya-bayan nan.

TAMBAYOYI:

Yin amfani da batutuwan na kowa kuma yana haɗuwa da wasu sakamako na kiwon lafiya da halayen. Ana buƙatar binciken bincike na tsawon lokaci domin sanin yadda tasirin batsa ke haifar da waɗannan abubuwa. Abubuwan da ke faruwa ga lafiyar jama'a: Yin kallon hotunan abu ne na yau da kullum da kuma yawanci matasa daga matashi kuma wannan yana buƙatar yin la'akari da ilimin jima'i.

KEYWORDS: hotunan batsa; lafiyar jima'i; labaran jima'i; matasa

PMID: 28664609

DOI: 10.1111 / 1753-6405.12678

PYin amfani da launi na iya zama lafiyar lafiyar jama'a. Ci gaba da sauri ga intanet, wayoyin wayoyin tafi-da-gidanka da kafofin watsa labarun tsakanin matasa matasa na Australia suna nufin amfani da batsa na yau da kullum kuma yawancin shekarun shekarun farko na hotuna sun ki yarda a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.¹ Rahotanni daga farkon da tsakiyar 2000s sun nuna cewa yawan shekarun da ake nunawa ga batsa sune 73-93% ga yara maza da 11-62% ga 'yan mata a Australia.^1,2 Neman bincike nagari ya nuna cewa yawancin matasa na Australia sun yi amfani da amfani da hotunan batsa a cikin 'yan uwansu,³ duk da dokokin da ta haramta mutane a karkashin shekaru 18 masu kallon batsa.⁴

Babban mahimmancin lafiyar jama'a game da yanayin da ake nunawa a batsa shine hotunan batsa na iya rinjayar zamantakewar jima'i tsakanin matasa ta hanyar fahimtar fahimtar su game da dabi'un da halayen jima'i na al'ada ne, masu karba da kuma lada.⁵ Kodayake ana iya kallon amfani da batsa da kyau kuma yana ba da hanya don bincika jima'i na mutum,^6,7 hotuna yawanci suna nuna halin da mutane da yawa ba su fahimta ba, kuma ba su jin dadi, da / ko suna da haɗari a cikin yanayin lafiyar jima'i. Alal misali, a cikin hotuna ta yanar gizo kawai 2-3% na matsalolin maza da mata na ƙunshe da amfani da robaron roba.^8,9

Akwai litattafan wallafe-wallafe masu girma waɗanda ke kwatanta tasirin batsa na tasiri game da lafiyar jima'i, halayyar jima'i da lafiyar hankali.¹⁰ Matasa sun bayar da rahoton yin amfani da batsa kamar yadda ake yin ilimin jima'i, kamar su haɓaka ayyukan kirkirar batsa a cikin abubuwan da suka shafi rayuwar jima'i.^11,12 Alal misali, bincike nagari ya nuna cewa wasu matasan mata suna jin nauyin yin jima'i, wanda aka nuna a cikin 15-32% na al'amuran batsa tare da ma'aurata maza da mata,^8,9 kuma da yawa suna danganta wannan matsin lamba ga amfani da hotunan batsa na abokan miji.¹³ A} asashen duniya, binciken bincike na tsawon lokaci ya gano cewa hotunan batsa da hotuna, da kuma mafi yawan lokuta, suna hade da farawa da halayyar jima'i a shekarun karancin matasa.^14,15 Binciken na yau da kullum ya nuna wata ƙungiya tsakanin cin batsa da kuma halayyar halayen jima'i tsakanin masu girma da yawa;¹⁶ Shaidun da ke haɗuwa da batsa da halayyar jima'i a tsakanin matasa sun haɗu.¹⁷

Don sanar da manufofin kiwon lafiya da ilimin jima'i, yana da muhimmanci mu fahimci yadda matasa suke amfani da batsa da kuma sanin ko yin amfani da batsa yana da mummunar tasiri a kan lafiyar jiki da jin daɗin rayuwa. Binciken batutuwan da suka shafi matasa sunyi iyakacin girma a cikin wayoyin salula sun iyakance, kuma babu wani bincike a kwanan nan a cikin hoton Australiya. Akwai ƙananan bayanan da aka samo game da shekaru a lokacin daukan hotuna, yawan saukake da hanyoyin da matasa suke amfani dashi don kallon batsa. Wannan binciken ya ba da labarin yadda ake kallon hotunan batsa a cikin wani samfurin samari na Australia. Yana bincika abubuwan da suke haɗuwa da batsa kallon kallon mita da shekaru a kallon farko da kuma yadda abubuwan da suke jin dadi a tasirin batsa suna daidaita ta hanyar jinsi. Muna tsammanin cewa yawancin yara da yawa da suka fara kallon hotunan batsa suna hade da halayen haɗarin jima'i da kuma alamu da kuma daidaita batutuwan kallon batsa na iya bambanta ta hanyar jinsi tare da samari suna iya kallon hotuna da kuma kallon batsa akai-akai.

Hanyar

Zane da samfurin Samfurin Nazarin bincike ne na kan layi tare da samfurin Samfuran Victan shekaru 15 zuwa 29, wanda aka gudanar a watan Janairu zuwa Maris 2015. An tantance cancanta ta hanyar rahoton kai tsaye da shekarar haihuwa da lambar akwatin gidan waya. Ruaukar aiki ya yi amfani da kafofin watsa labarun ciki har da tallan da aka biya akan Facebook, wanda aka ba da shi ga mutanen Victoria da ke da shekaru 15-29, da kuma tallan da aka raba ta hanyar ƙwararrun masu bincike da hanyoyin sadarwa na sirri. Talla ba su ambaci batsa ba, amma sun bayyana binciken game da lafiyar jima'i. Mahalarta sun kammala tambayoyin kan layi wanda ya shafi jigogi game da yanayin ƙasa, lafiyar jima'i da halayyar, da sauran halaye na kiwon lafiya. An samo tambayoyin daga binciken 'Jima'i, Magunguna, da Rock'n'Roll' wanda ya tattara haɗari da bayanan kiwon lafiya daga matasa tun daga 2005.¹⁸ Masu shiga suna da damar samun kyautar kyauta. Shawarwarin Alfred Hospital Human Research Ethics Committee ya amince da ita.

Matakan

Yanayi sun hada da jinsi (namiji, mace, transgender ko wasu) da kuma shekaru, wanda aka kirga daga watan da shekarar haihuwa. Mahalarta sun ba da rahoton shekarun da suka fara fuskantar halaye na jima'i, ko kuma sun nuna cewa ba su taɓa yin wannan ɗabi'ar ba; wadannan dabi'un sun hada da taba al'aurar abokin zama da hannayensu, shafar hannun al'aurarka ta hannun abokin tarayya, bada jima'i ta baki, karbar jima'i ta baki, jima'i a al'aura (azzakari cikin farji), da kuma dubura ta dubura (azzakari cikin dubura). A duk cikin wannan takardar, muna amfani da kalmar 'saduwa da jima'i' don koma wa ɗayan waɗannan halaye guda shida, yayin da 'jima'i' kuwa yana nuni ne kawai ga farji ko dubura.

sakamakon

An tambayi masu halartar tambayoyi hudu game da kallon batsa; (babu cikakkiyar ma'anar batsa da aka bayar a cikin tambayoyin):

• Nawa ne ku lokacin da kuka ga hotuna? (wani zaɓi don ba a duba shi ba)
• A cikin watanni na 12 na ƙarshe, sau nawa kuka gan irin batsa? 'ba', 'kasa da kowane wata', 'kowane wata', 'mako-mako' ko 'kullum / kusan kowace rana'.
• Yaya kuka yi la'akari da wannan? 'sauƙaƙe / sauke a kan wayar hannu', 'sauƙaƙe / sauke a kan kwamfuta', 'DVD', 'livecam din' ',' mujallu / littattafai 'ko' wasu '
• Tare da wanene kuke yawan ganin wannan? 'tare da abokin tarayya', 'tare da abokai' ko 'a kan kaina'

Don bincike, 'mako-mako' da kuma 'kullum / kusan kowace rana' sun hada da 'mako-mako ko fiye'.

Bayani

Wadannan dalilai sun haɗa da samfurori, bisa ga ra'ayinmu:

Farko jima'i - Wadanda ke bayar da rahoto na farko a cikin duk wani hali na jima'i (da aka lissafa a sama) a cikin shekaru 15 ko ƙananan yara an ƙaddara su tun suna matashi a farkon sadarwar jima'i.

Jima'i jima'i - An taba yin jima'i mai tsanani kamar yadda ake iya canzawa.

Jima'i hadarin - Rashin haɗari da cututtuka da jima'i (STI) da aka yi wa wadanda ba tare da wani mummunar haɗari ba; mahalarta ba da jima'i ba tare da amfani da kwaroron roba ba tare da wani daga: sababbin abokan tarayya, abokan tarayya ko fiye da ɗaya abokin tarayya a cikin watanni 12 da suka wuce aka ƙaddara a matsayin mafi girma haɗari; wadanda suka yi jima'i amma sun kasance suna amfani da kwaroron roba ko kuma sun ruwaito wani abokin tarayya a cikin shekarar da ta wuce an yi la'akari da su kamar hadari; mahalarta ba su bayar da rahoton wani kwarewa game da jima'i an dauki su ba cikin hadarin ba. Wadanda ba su da kwarewa game da jima'i an bi da su kamar yadda ake magana a cikin bincike.

Mental tunani - An nemi mahalarta su amsa da a'a ko a'a “A cikin watanni shida da suka gabata shin kuna da wata matsalar rashin tabin hankali? Wannan ya hada da duk wata matsala da baku tattauna da kwararren likita ba. ”

Yanayin rayuwa - Masu shiga sun nuna wadanda suka zauna tare; an bayyana wannan ga waɗanda suka zauna tare da abokin aure ko ba su zauna tare da abokansu ba.

Ilimi - Mahalarta sun nuna matakan ilimi da suka kammala. An ba da wannan labarin ga kowane makarantar sakandaren ko a'a.

Jima'i ainihi - Masu shiga sun nuna ainihin jima'i. An ba da wannan labarin ga namiji ko gay, jinsi, bisexual, tambayoyi, jigo ko wasu (GLBQQ +) ainihin jima'i.

analysis

An yi amfani da nazarin mahimmancin launi don samar da kimantawa game da lalata yawan halayen dan adam, lafiyar lafiyar jiki da kuma jima'i da halayen batsa da kuma batutuwa.

Yanayin bidiyo na batsa na yanzu

An ƙaddara gyare-gyare na kallon batsa ta yanzu da aka yi amfani da shi ta hanyar amfani da rashin daidaituwa na ladabi; duka bivariate da multivariate (ciki har da dukan masu canji masu zaman kansu). Don gano ko abubuwan da aka haifar da wasu dalilai masu mahimmanci sun daidaita ta hanyar jinsi, ƙananan ƙuntataccen tsari tare da halayen hulɗar da aka ƙayyade a ƙayyadewa. Inda aka yi la'akari da rashin daidaitattun ra'ayi wanda ba a haɗuwa ba don ƙididdigar matsala a cikin samfurori da aka ba da shawara (watau maɓallin tasiri na wani abu ya bambanta a fadin batutuwa na bidiyo)¹⁹ an yi amfani dasu don ƙayyade ƙirar takaddun ƙirar ƙoƙarin ƙirar ƙoƙarin kullun don shakatawa da rashin daidaituwa. Bests gwajin²⁰ da kuma yiwuwar samfurin gwaje-gwaje tsakanin nau'in samfurin kirki (ƙananan ƙarfafa samfurin shakatawa akan rashin daidaitattun ra'ayi akan abubuwan da aka zaɓa) an yi amfani da su don samar da ƙididdigar ilimin lissafi akan ko bayanai sun haɗu da maƙasudin rashin daidaituwa ta rikicewa.

Shekarar lokacin kallon fina-finai na farko

Gwanayen shekarun da aka fara kallon hotunan batsa an ƙaddara ta hanyar amfani da halayen haɗari na Cox,²¹ suna la'akari da ƙaddamarwa a cikin bayanai saboda masu nazarin mahalarta waɗanda ba su kallon batsa a lokacin binciken ba. Bugu da ƙari, babban sakamako, an danganta ma'anar hulɗar da juna a cikin waɗannan hanyoyi na rayuwa don gano yadda za a iya magance sakamakon da jinsi ke ciki. Shekaru na zamani a zangon batsa na farko da ake kallo, saduwa da jima'i da kuma jima'i an kuma ƙaddara ta amfani da wannan hanya.

An yi amfani da cikakkiyar tsarin shari'ar a cikin nazarin inda masu halartar taron da bacewar bayanai a kan duk wani abu mai mahimmanci mai mahimmanci an cire su daga nazarin. An gudanar da nazarin duk ta hanyar amfani da ka'idar lissafi na Stata 13.1.

results

Daga cikin mutanen 1,001 da aka bincika, tara da ake kira transgender ko "sauran" jinsi amma ba a haɗa su cikin binciken saboda kananan lambobi a cikin waɗannan kungiyoyi ba. Ƙungiyar mahalarta 26 ba ta amsa tambayoyin game da batsa ba, kuma 25 ya nuna bayanan da ba a ɓata ba a kan mahimman bayanai kuma an cire su daga bincike. Wadannan bayanai masu mahimmanci na mahimmanci ba su da bambanci daga waɗanda aka haɗa a cikin bincike a kan yawan bidiyon kallon batsa (p= 0.555) ko kuma shekaru a farkon batsa na kallo (p= 0.729).

Daga cikin mahalarta 941 sun hada da 73% mata ne kuma shekarun shekarun shekaru 20 (IQR 17-24) don mata da 21 shekaru (IQR 19-25) ga maza. Tebur 1 yana nuna halaye na masu amsawa. Daga cikin mahalarta 804 da suka bayar da rahoton cewa sun taba yin jima'i tare da abokin tarayya, shekarun da suka wuce a farkon lokacin jima'i sune 16 shekaru (IQR 16-17) ga mata da 16 shekaru (IQR 16-16) ga maza. Daga cikin mahalarta 710 wanda ya ruwaito cewa tun lokacin da aka yi jima'i, shekarun da suka wuce a farkon jima'i sune 17 shekaru (IQR 17-18) ga mata da 18 shekaru (IQR 17-18) ga maza.

Tebur 1. Samfurin halayyar zamantakewar al'umma, kiwon lafiya da halayen halayen haɗarin jima'i: sexualidaya (n) da kashi (%) (n = 941).

Tun bayan mahalarta 815 (87%) ya ruwaito kallon batsa. Mahalarta mahalarta sun nuna yawan batutuwa na kallon batsa fiye da mahalarta mata (Table 2). Yawancin masu halartar (n = 629, 87%) suna kallon hotunan kawai kuma yawancin suna saukowa ko sauke hotuna a kwamfuta ko wayar. Yawan shekarun da aka fara kallon hotunan batsa shi ne shekaru 13 don mahalarta maza (95% CI = 12-13) da kuma shekaru 16 don mahalarta mata (95% CI = 16-16; p<0.001).

Mun kwatanta shekarun mahalarta da farko kallon hotunan batsa tare da shekarunsu a farkon yin jima'i. Masu halartar arba'in da huɗu (5%) mahalarta sun ba da rahoton cewa ba su taɓa kallon hotunan batsa ba ko kuma sun sami wata ma'amala ta jima'i, 536 (57%) sun kalli hotunan batsa kafin duk wani saduwa da jima'i, 80 (9%) sun fuskanci duka a wannan shekarun, kuma 281 (30%) sun kasance matasa a farkon saduwarsu ta jima'i idan aka kwatanta da kallon batsa na farko.

Gwaje-gwajen Brant sun nuna cewa zato na rashin daidaituwa ga ƙayyadaddun samfurin bai dace ba da bayanai (χ²(20) = 50.3; p<0.001). Hadarin jima'i (χ²(2) = 11.8; p= 0.003) da kuma kiwon lafiyar jiki (χ²(2) = 5.7; p= 0.05) abubuwan da ke nunawa ba su da tasiri. An tallafawa wannan bayanan ta hanyar yiwuwar gwajin gwagwarmaya daga samfurin gyare-gyare, wanda ya nuna cewa rashin daidaitattun ka'ida ta lalatawa tare da kwanciyar hankali na rashin daidaituwa (watau na hadarin jima'i da abubuwan kiwon lafiyar jiki) ya nuna mafi kyau mafi kyau fiye da tsarin ƙirar cikakken (LR χ²(6) = 31.5; p<0.001). Saboda haka, don haɗarin jima'i da lafiyar hankali an yi amfani da samfurin da ba a ƙayyade ba.

Table 3 yana nuna alaƙa da batsa kallon kallo ta hanyar yin amfani da samfurin halayya. Mahalarta mata suna da wuya su iya kallon batsa masu yawa idan aka kwatanta da mahalarta maza (AOR = 0.02; 95% CI = 0.01-0.12). Sakamakon binciken ya nuna cewa idan aka kwatanta da mahalarta maza da mata, wadanda suka kasance GLBQQ + sun fi sau uku kallon batsa akai-akai (AOR = 3.04; 95% CI = 2.20-4.21); kuma wadanda ke da sakandaren sakandare sune 48% mafi kusantar (AOR = 1.48; 95% CI = 1.01-2.17) don ganin hotuna fiye da wadanda ke da sakandare kawai. Wadanda ke bayar da rahoto game da jima'i mai jima'i suna iya kallon hotuna da yawa akai-akai (AOR = 1.50; 95% CI = 1.09-2.06); duk da haka, kimantawa na dangantaka tsakanin jima'i da jima'i (AOR = 2.47; 95% CI = 1.03-5.90; Wald χ²(1) = 4.14; p= 0.042) ya nuna wannan ƙungiyar ta kasance kawai ga mata (maza: AOR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.33-1.45; mata: AOR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.12-2.63). Babu wata dangantaka mai ma'ana tsakanin jinsi da jima'i (Wald χ²(1) = 2.29; p= 0.13) ko jinsi da yanayin rayuwa (Wald χ²(1) = 0.17; p= 0.68).

Tebur 3. Abubuwan da ke hade da batsa masu kallon mita: nazarin daidaitattun rikicewar rikice-rikice daga daidaitaccen linzamin kwamfuta da tsarin hada-hadar latent mai nuna rashin daidaituwa (OR) da daidaitattun daidaito (AOR), ƙarancin yarda na 95% (95% CI) da ƙimar yiwuwa (p-walues) (n = 941) †.

Idan aka kwatanta da waɗanda basu taba yin jima'i ba, masu halartar jima'i sunyi la'akari da cewa suna fuskantar mummunar haɗari (AOR = 1.91; 95% CI = 1.23-2.98) ko kuma babbar haɗari (AOR = 2.45; 95% CI = 1.44-4.16) jima'i halin da ake ciki ya fi dacewa su yi rahoton kallon batsa kasa da kowane wata, amma babu bambancin yin la'akari da kallon batsa akai-akai a duk waɗannan kungiyoyi. Bugu da ƙari, akwai nau'in mahaukaci a sakamakon matsalolin lafiyar tunanin mutum a duk faɗin batsa-kallon mita. Idan aka kwatanta da waɗanda ba tare da rahoton da suka shafi tarihin lafiyar kwakwalwa a cikin watanni shida da suka gabata ba, wadanda suke magance matsalolin kula da tunanin kwakwalwa a wannan lokacin sune 65% mafi kuskure su bayar da rahoton yin kallon batsa fiye da kowane wata (AOR = 1.65; 95% CI = 1.18-2.31) kuma 52% mafi kusantar kallon mako-mako ko mafi sau da yawa (AOR = 1.52; 95% CI = 1.06-2.18).

Table 4 yana nuna alamar shekaru a farkon kallo batsa. A cikin rikice-rikicen Cox, shekarun da suka wuce a batutuwa na farko na kallon batutuwa sun ruwaito daga mahalarta maza da suka kasance tare da abokin tarayya, ba su kammala karatun sakandare ba, suna da ƙuruciyar ɗan fari a farkon jima'i, kuma sun bayar da rahoto game da lafiyarsu ta kwanan nan matsala. Wadanda ke bayar da rahoto GLBQQ + jima'i sun kasance mafi kusantar kallon hotuna daga wani karami (AOR = 1.25; 95% CI = 1.05-1.48); duk da haka, kimantawar haɗuwa tsakanin jima'i da kuma jinsi (AOR = 2.08; 95% CI = 1.43-3.02; Wald χ²(1) = 14.6; p<0.01)) ya nuna wannan ƙungiyar an keɓance ta ga mata kawai (maza: AHR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.50-1.04; mata: AOR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.34-1.99).

Tebur 4. Ya dace da shekarun kallon hotunan batsa na farko: xididdigar ƙididdigar haɗarin haɗarin Cox wanda ke nuna rashin daidaituwa (HR) da daidaitattun halayen haɗari (AHR), raunin amincewa na 95% (95% CI) da ƙimar yiwuwa (p-dabi'u).

tattaunawa

Yin kallon hotunan abu ne na al'ada tsakanin matasa a samfurin mu, musamman a tsakanin samari. Ɗaya daga cikin dari na matasa da kuma 82% na mata mata sun taɓa kallon batsa. Yawan shekarun da aka yi a tarihin fina-finai na farko shine shekaru 13 don maza da shekaru 16 ga mata. Kusan kashi arba'in da hudu na samari da 19% na matasan mata suna kallon hotuna a kowane mako ko kullum. Wani wakilin na kasa Na biyu na Nazarin Lafiya da Harkokin Yammacin Australiya, wanda aka gudanar a 2012-2013, bai hada da mita ko yawan bidiyo na batsa ba; duk da haka, ya gano cewa ƙananan matasan matasa sun taba kallon batsa: 84% na mutanen da ke cikin 16-19; 89% na mutanen da ke cikin 20-29; 28% mata a cikin 16-19; da kuma 57% mata a cikin 20-29.²² Sauran binciken nazarin Australiya sun nuna cewa yawan mutanen da suka fice da batsa suna karuwa. A cikin 2012-13, 63% na maza da 20% na matan da ke cikin shekaru 16 da shekaru da yawa sun kalli batsa a cikin shekara ta baya.²³ Idan aka kwatanta, a cikin 2001-02, 17% na maza da 12% na mata sun ziyarci gidan jima'i akan intanet.²⁴ Yawan yawan mutanen Australia da suke kallon batsa kafin 16 ya karu daga 37% a cikin 1950s zuwa 79% a farkon 2000s.¹

Mata ba su da wataƙila fiye da maza don kallon hotunan batsa, suna duban sau da yawa, kuma sun fara kallo a lokacin tsufa. Wannan binciken ya dace da bincike na Amurka wanda ya ruwaito maza suna da alamun bayyanar da hotuna a kan layi a cikin shekarun da suka gabata fiye da mata.²⁵ Duk da yake maza sun kasance mafi yawan masu amfani da batsa, ya kamata a lura cewa a cikin 82% na matasan da suka ruwaito yin kallon batsa yawanci (84%) suna kallo kadai kuma 22% kallon akalla mako-mako. Wannan yana nuna cewa akwai gagarumin yawan matasan da suke kallon batsa a kai a kai. Binciken da aka yi a baya ya nuna cewa yarinyar yara suna nuna kyakkyawar dabi'u ga batsa fiye da 'yan mata; duk da haka, 'yan mata suna samun halayya masu kyau kamar yadda suke girma.²⁵

Mun sami ƙarin karuwar kallon batsa tsakanin GLBTIQQ + matasa; wannan ya dace da bincike na baya.^26,27 Wannan binciken zai iya nuna rashin samun bayanai a al'ada ta al'ada game da halayen jima'i marasa jituwa, wanda ya haifar da buƙatar samun damar wannan bayanin ta hanyar batsa.²⁸ Alal misali, a cikin binciken da aka samu game da jima'i irin wannan jima'i ya janyo hankalin yara maza da yara, mahalarta sunyi amfani da batsa don koyo game da jikin jima'i da aikin, ma'anar jima'i da jima'i, don koyo game da aikin jima'i da kuma matsayin da za su fahimci yadda jima'i zai ji sharuddan jin dadi da ciwo.⁶

Daga cikin mata, mafi yawan batutuwa masu amfani da batsa sun hade tare da taba samun jima'i da jima'i. Binciken da aka yi a baya ya gano cewa wasu mata suna samun jima'i mai jima'i; duk da haka, mata suna bayar da rahoto cewa an ba da labarin jima'i ba tare da jin dadi ba fiye da maza.²⁹ A cikin binciken karatun da aka samu, mata sunyi jigilar ko jima'i cikin jima'i da mazajen da suka taba ganin jima'i jima'i a batsa.¹³ Abin sha'awa ne cewa, a cikin bincikenmu, an samu wata ƙungiya tsakanin zubar da ciki da batsa ga mata masu halartar mata amma ba mahalarta maza ba. Abubuwan da za a iya yiwuwa a kan wannan yana iya zama cewa matan da suka fi sha'awar koyo game da ayyukan jima'i daban-daban ko kuma suna da sha'awar yin jima'i mai jarrabawa suna iya kallon batsa; a madadin haka, matan da ke kallon hotunan batsa zasu iya yin tunani cewa jima'i mai jima'i ana sa ran su daga mazajensu.

Binciken da aka yi na nazarin binciken da aka yi amfani da masu amfani da karfin yara sun sami alaƙa tsakanin amfani da batsa da kuma jima'i da jima'i da kuma yawan masu yin jima'i.¹⁶ Shaidun da ke haɗaka batsa da halayyar jima'i a tsakanin matasa sun haɗu.¹⁷ Wasu nazarin matasa da matasa sun nuna kungiyoyi tsakanin batsa da kuma yawan abokan aure.^30,31 Ɗaya daga cikin binciken da aka samo wata ƙungiya tsakanin batsa da ba tare da yin amfani da roba ba ga maza, amma ba ga mata ba, har da babu wata dangantaka tsakanin batsa da kuma yawan masu yin jima'i ko kuma 'yan shekaru masu yawa na jima'i.²⁷ Sauran binciken ba su sami daidaituwa tsakanin batsa da kuma jima'i ba tare da jima'i ba tare da abokan hulɗa.³² A cikin binciken da ake ciki yanzu, ba mu sami dangantaka tsakanin ƙaramin shekaru a batsa masu kallo ba da kallo da kuma halin halayen jima'i. Mun kuma gano cewa idan aka kwatanta da waɗanda ba su sani ba, wadanda ke fama da mummunan haɗari ko halayen halayen halayen halayya suna da wahala mafi yawa ga kallon hotunan batsa kasa da na wata idan aka kwatanta da ba kallo ba. Nuna kallon batsa akai-akai (kowane wata, mako-mako ko yau da kullum) ba a haɗuwa da bambance-bambance a halayyar haɗarin jima'i. Sauran nazarin ba su bincikar daidaitawar halayyar halayyar jima'i da kuma mabanbanta kallon batsa ba, saboda haka ana bukatar ƙarin bincike don fahimtar ko kallon batsa kasa da kowane wata wata muhimmin mataki ne don daidaitawa da halayyar jima'i. Bambanci tsakanin nazarin zai iya zama saboda yawancin al'umma, samfurin bincike, fassarori, ko hada matakai daban-daban na halayen halayen jima'i.¹⁷

Matashi a lokacin da aka fara yin jima'i an nuna cewa suna da ƙungiyoyi marasa kyau tare da lafiyar jima'i.^18,33 Yarinya a lokacin da aka fara yin jima'i da dangantaka da hotuna masu daukan hoto amma ba na kallo ba. Yawancin nazarin gine-ginen suna taimakawa wajen yin amfani da hotunan batsa da kuma farawar halayyar jima'i a cikin ƙuruciyar shekaru.^22,34-36 Bincike na tsawon lokaci na duniya ya gano cewa saurin bayyanar da kuma yawancin hotuna zuwa batsa suna da alaƙa da farawa da halayyar jima'i a cikin ƙuruciyar shekaru.^14,15 Duk da haka, wannan dangantaka bazai haifar dashi ba; yana iya zama abin kunyatar da matsayi na matsakaicin matsayi da kuma neman abin mamaki.

An gano daidaituwa a tsakanin rashin lafiyar mutumtaka da kuma yin amfani da batsa akai-akai. A cikin nazarin Sweden, kusan 20% na masu amfani da batsa na yau da kullum suna da alamun bayyanar cututtuka, da muhimmanci fiye da masu amfani da dama (12.6%).¹¹ An yi amfani da amfani da batsa ta hanyar yin amfani da batsa tare da tasiri mara kyau,³⁷ bakin ciki da damuwa tsakanin matasa,³⁸ da kuma cututtukan cututtuka a cikin matasan mata.³⁹ Hotuna masu daukan hoto a kananan yara sun haɗu da damuwa na gajeren lokaci;⁴⁰ Duk da haka, ga iliminmu wannan shine binciken farko don nuna wata ƙungiya a tsakanin ƙaramin shekaru na daukan hotuna da rashin lafiyar tunanin mutum a cikin rayuwar ƙarshe.

Sauran gyare-gyare na sau da yawa kuma ƙaddamar da yin amfani da hotunan batsa ya haɗa da matakan ilimi mafi girma kuma ba tare da abokin tarayya ba. Mutanen da suke tare da abokin su na iya ganin batsa ba tare da sau da yawa ba saboda yawancin jima'i, ko kuma daga rashin damar da za su iya kallon hotunan batsa.

Harkokin lafiyar jama'a

Sakamakon wannan binciken yana da muhimmiyar mahimmanci ga zayyana ilimin jima'i. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa mafi yawan matasa suna kallon batsa kuma kusan dukkanin samari suna karuwa da batsa. Sabili da haka, yana da muhimmanci cewa batsa yana magana a matsayin ɓangare na shirye-shiryen ilimin makaranta. Ana kallon hotunan kallon kallon kallon kallon kallon kallon kallon kallon kallon kallon talabijin na farko, saboda haka ya kamata a aiwatar da shirye-shiryen ilimin ilimi na tsawon lokaci daga shekaru masu yawa na makarantar sakandare, idan ba da jimawa ba. Irin waɗannan shirye-shiryen bazai kasance masu tsinkaye ba, saboda sakamakonmu ya nuna cewa wadanda ke nunawa a matsayin GLBQQ + suna kallon hotunan batutuwa akai-akai kuma daga matashi. Ya kamata kuma kada ku ɗauka cewa matasan mata ba za su kalli ko jin dadin batsa ba. Shirye-shiryen ilimin ilimin ya kamata ya magance matsalolin da suka shafi zamantakewar mata da namiji a cikin duniyar duniyar maimakon tsayayya da batsa. Yayinda shirye-shiryen ilimin hotunan batsa ke farawa;^41,42 har yanzu ba a gudanar da bincike ba don gane yadda tasirin wannan tasiri yake.¹⁰

Dokar Australia ta hana mutane a karkashin 18 daga kallon batsa;⁴ Duk da haka, bincikenmu ya nuna cewa dokokin da ka'idojin yanzu ba su hana samun damar daga matashi. Ƙididdiga irin su software na tabbatar da shekarun haihuwa, kayan aiki na intanit da kulawa na iyaye na iya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen rage rikice-rikice ko bala'i ga batsa, musamman a tsakanin yara. Duk da haka, waɗannan hanyoyi bazai iya zama tasiri ba wajen dakatar da wani matashi mai dalili daga samun damar batsa.^2,43

Daidaitawar tsakanin rashin lafiyar mutumtaka da batsa shi ma abin damuwa ne. Babu tabbacin cewa batsa batsa ne a cikin rashin lafiyar tunanin mutum ko kuma idan yana nuna alamar matsaloli masu mahimmanci. A kowane hali, wadanda ke cikin maganin matasa da yanayin kiwon lafiyar jiki na iya so su yi la'akari ko batsa ta zama matsala ga wasu abokan ciniki.

gazawar

Ƙididdigar kima akan sakamakon da aka samu a sakamakonmu sun hada da tambayoyin ba su bambanta tsakanin mummunan ra'ayi da haɗari ba game da batsa da kuma cewa babu wani ma'anar bayyane ko batun rikice-rikice na batsa. Bugu da ari, babu cikakken bayani game da dalili don dubawa ko irin abubuwan da aka kalli. Binciken da ya gabata ya gano wasu tasirin batsa wanda ba a haɗa su a cikin bincikenmu ba, ciki har da rashin jin daɗi a cikin dangantaka da saduwa da jima'i, tashin hankali da jima'i da kuma yin jima'i ga mata.¹⁴ Sauran matakan da aka dauka ba su yi amfani da Sikeli mai kyau ba, alal misali, an magance matsalolin kiwon lafiya ta jiki ta hanyar amfani da abu ɗaya. Har ila yau, binciken bai hada da mawuyacin da suka shafi tasirin batsa ba. Binciken ya dogara da bayanan da aka ruwaito, wanda shine batun tunawa da nuna bambanci da gabatar da kai. Tsarin binciken bincike na giciye yana nufin cewa ba zamu iya haifar da dangantaka tsakanin kamuwa da batsa da wasu dalilai ba. A ƙarshe, binciken ya yi amfani da samfurin samfurin da aka tattara a kan layi, wanda ba wakiltar jama'a ne.

karshe

Wannan shine binciken Ostiraliya na farko don bincika ƙungiyoyi tsakanin mita da shekarun fara amfani da batsa da halayyar jima'i, lafiyar hankali, da sauran halaye tsakanin matasa. Nazarinmu ya nuna cewa kallon hotunan batsa abu ne na yau da kullun tsakanin samari na Australiya tun suna matasa. Amfani da batsa yana haɗuwa da sakamako mai cutarwa, kamar matsalolin lafiyar hankali, jima'i a ƙaramin shekaru da saduwa ta dubura. Don bincika tasirin tasirin batsa akan lafiyar yara da ɗabi'unsu, ana buƙatar ƙarin takamaiman bincike na dogon lokaci. Abubuwan binciken wannan binciken sun nuna mahimmancin haɗuwa da tattaunawa game da batsa a cikin ilimin jima'i tun daga ƙuruciya.

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