An aika Fabrairu 22, 2016 ta Giuseppe Gangarossa in Ƙararren Ƙarshe, Endocrinology, Orywaƙwalwar ajiya & Ilimi, Jima'i Hormones
Idan muka yi tunani game da jima'i na jima'i, mahimmanci da isrogens da androgens, yawanci muna danganta su da jima'i, jinsi da kuma ci gaban jiki. Kamar dukkanin kwayoyin hormones, sune manzannin sunadarai, abubuwa da aka samar a wani ɓangare na jiki da ke ci gaba da gaya wa wasu sassan abin da za su yi. Duk da haka, sau da yawa muna da halin da za mu manta da babban tasiri cewa waɗannan kwayoyin steroid suna da ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa. Daga nazarin dabba, ya bayyana a fili cewa yayin da ake ci gaba, ci gaba da kwakwalwa zuwa testosterone da estradiol, halayen da ke cikin maza da mata, zai haifar da canje-canjen da ba a iya canzawa ba a cikin tsarin juyayi (McCarthy et al., 2012). Masanin kimiyya mai girma da sha'awa yana nuna cewa jima'i na jima'i suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen aiki na kwakwalwa (Janowsky, 2006). Bugu da ƙari, ƙwayoyin maganin testosterone (hypogonadism, gyaran sinadarai, da dai sauransu) sun nuna cewa zasu haɗu da ƙananan ƙwaƙwalwa. Duk da haka, duk da waɗannan ci gaba, har yanzu yana da wani enigma yadda tsarin halayen jima'i ya shafi kwakwalwa.
A cikin takarda mai ban sha'awa da aka buga a KUMA KUMA, Picot da abokan aiki sunyi ƙoƙari su cika wani sashi na wuyar warwarewa. Sun binciko abubuwan da kwayoyin halitta na kwayoyin halitta da kuma karbacin hawan gwanin (AR) suka haɗu a kan filastik hippocampal da kuma aikin halayyar mutum a cikin 'yan sanda (Picot et al., 2016). Ko da yake da dama rahotanni sun riga sun nuna alamar haɗi tsakanin halayen jima'i da aiki na zuciya (Galea et al., 2008; Janowsky, 2006), ya kamata a yi da yawa don aiwatar da ayyukan "non-sex" na androgens.
Ma'aikata masu karɓar haraji, testosterone da kwakwalwar aiki
A cikin tsarin jin dadi na tsakiya, testosterone yana ɗaura zuwa AR wanda aka gano a cikin tantanin halitta na cytoplasm. Bayan dauri da kuma karɓar mai karɓa, AR iya iya tafiya zuwa tsakiya inda zai iya aiki a matsayin ƙididdiga ta DNA, wanda ke ɗaukar takardun sakonni. Idan muka dubi alamomin bayyanar AR a cikin kwakwalwa, muna ganin cewa yana da wuri a cikin ƙwayar magunguna da kuma hippocampus, waxannan yankuna ne masu haɗaka da ayyukan haɓaka mai zurfi irin su ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, koyo, motsawa da hankali.
Amfani da linzamin linzamin da ba shi da maganganun AR daidai a cikin tsarin mai juyayi, masu marubuta sun lura da raguwar ƙira a cikin aiki na lokaci na bayanan ƙwaƙwalwa. Wannan nau'i na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya yana wakiltar ikon yin la'akari da tsari wanda abubuwa ko abubuwan da suka faru sun samo asali ta wani batu. Maganin ƙananan AR a cikin jiki ba su iya nuna bambanci tsakanin abubuwa biyu na jiki ba a cikin wani aiki na kayyadewa na jiki wanda nau'in nau'in nau'i na dabba suka iya nuna bambanta tsakanin abubuwan da aka gani da aka gabatar a cikin wani tsari na jiki (na farko da abin da aka gani a baya) (Figure 1). Matsayi mai laushi da sarrafawa abu ne mai mahimmanci na kwakwalwa na episodic. Saboda haka, don rarraba ko ɓangaren na kasa zai iya zama saboda rashin lahani a cikin tsohon ko kuma ƙarshen aiki, masu marubuta sunyi aiki marar aiki, wanda ya kasance ƙirar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, inda ƙananan yara zasu nuna bambanta tsakanin sababbin wani abu marar masaniya. Abin sha'awa, ƙwayar mutun sun iya nuna nuna bambanci, wanda ya nuna cewa aikin sarrafawa ba shi da ƙari bayan an kawar da kwayoyin halitta ta AR (Figure 1). Gaba ɗaya, wannan bayanan na nuna cewa androgens na iya tasiri tasiri na tsarin jiki na episodic ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, aikin da yake da karfi a cikin cutar Alzheimer. Duk da haka, "ko wannan lalacewar zai iya haifar dashi ta hanyar ƙarfin hali ko kuma ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya marar bukata zai buƙaci"In ji Dokta Sakina Mhaouty-Kodja, babban marubuci na binciken da kuma shugaban kungiyar.
Hoto 1. Maganin mai karɓar nau'in haɓaka mai amfani da kwayoyin halitta yana nuna ɓarna a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa ta jiki (a, c) amma sananne na al'ada (b, d).
Masu karɓar haraji da kwakwalwa
Aikin hippocampus yana da karfi a cikin aiki na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar bayanai. Bisa ga sakamakon halayen da kuma babban matakin maganganun AR a cikin wannan tsari na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, marubutan sun yanke shawara su bincika ko cirewar AR ta iya canza yanayin ƙwaƙwalwar kwakwalwa. Yin amfani da fasaha na electrophysiological, Picot da abokan aiki sun gano cewa hippocampi na ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin jiki na AR ne ba su da "roba"A matsayin babban raguwa a cikin dogon lokaci mai yiwuwa (LTP) aka gano (Figure 2). LTP an san shi a matsayin salon salula da ƙwayoyin halitta na ayyukan koyo da ayyukan ƙwaƙwalwa (Lynch, 2004). Kodayake hanyar kai tsaye tsakanin ɗabi'a da LTP ta ɓace ko ta yaya, yana da jaraba don tunanin cewa ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa na iya zama mahimmanci ga aikin neuronal. A zahiri, cikin yarjejeniya tare da gwaje-gwajen LTP, marubutan sun lura cewa ƙwayoyin berayen AR-sun nuna raunin watsa synaptic, kodayake babu wani gyara da aka samu na ionotropic glutamate receptors, AMPA da NMDA. "Rashin hasara ko ƙaddarar ƙananan AR na iya zama abin damuwa ga ayyuka da halaye da aka tsara ta ƙananan ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa", Ya nuna masu marubuta.
Hoto 2. Halittar kwayoyin halitta ba ta da halayya na tsawon lokaci (LTP) a cikin hippocampus.
Bincike na gaba
Wannan binciken yana wakiltar wani muhimmin mataki a fahimtar ayyukan jima'i na jima'i. "Yana da matukar yiwuwa", Dr. Sakina Mhaouty-Kodja ya ce,"wannan hormones na hazari na iya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin kwakwalwar mace kuma aikin da ake ciki a cikin Lab yana binciken wannan batu". A gaskiya, ko da yake tare da bambance-bambance a cikin abubuwan ciki na hormonal, maza da mata suna bayyana masu karɓa don androgens (AR) da estrogens (ER), wanda ya nuna cewa kwakwalwarmu ta fi rikitarwa fiye da yadda muke tunani. Da yawa daga cikin tambayoyi masu ban sha'awa suna fitowa daga wannan da sauran nazarin. Shin bari muyi magana game da kwakwalwa na jima'i? Shin kwakwalwan namiji da na mace sun bambanta kamar yadda muka yi imani, ko kuwa akasin haka, abin mamaki kamar haka? Wannan ƙari ne mai zurfi da kuma fadada filin bincike wanda zai haifar da abubuwan da suka dace, wanda zai canza hanyar da muka fahimci kwakwalwa.
References
- McCarthy MM, Arnold AP, Ball GF, Blaustein JD, De Vries GJ (2012). Bambancin jima'i a cikin kwakwalwa: gaskiyar ba ta dace ba. J Neurosci 32: 2241-2247
- Janowsky JS (2006). Kuna tunani da gonarku: testosterone da cognition. Trends Cogn Sci. 10: 77-82
- PicotM, Billard JM, Dombret C, Albac C, Karameh N, Daumas S, Hardin-Pouzet H, Mhaouty-Kodja S (2016). Share Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Abubuwa da Hippocampal CA1-Dogaro Tsarin. Koma Daya. Fabrairu 5; 11 (2): e0148328
- Lambar Galea, Baba Ka, Epp JR, Brummelte S, Barha CK, Wilson WL, et al. (2008). Tsarin endocrine na cognition da neuroplasticity: mu nema don bayyana tasirin haɗuwa tsakanin hormones, kwakwalwa, da kuma hali. Can J Exp Psychol Rev Can Psychol Expérimentale. 62: 247-260
- Lynch MA (2004). Dogon lokacin damuwa da ƙwaƙwalwa. Physiol Rev. Jan; 84 (1): 87-136
Godiya
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Duk wani ra'ayi da aka bayyana shi ne wadanda marubucin suka rubuta, kuma ba dole ba ne su kasance daidai da wadanda ke cikin PLOS. Wannan batu ba shine nufin karfafa yawan shan barasa ba.
Giuseppe Gangarossa ya sami digirin digirgir a fannin kimiyyar ilimin kimiyyar halittu, kwararru kan ilimin kere-kere, daga Jami'ar Bologna. Ya kasance maƙwabcin ziyara a Karolinska Institutet (Sotckholm, Sweden) da Inserm (Montpellier, Faransa) kuma a halin yanzu yana postdoc a Collège de France (Paris, Faransa). Babban batun bincikensa shine rikicewar ƙwaƙwalwar da ke da alaƙa da dopamine. Kuna iya bin sa a twitter PeppeGanga
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