14 Fabrairu, 2019
- Dangane da kididdigar Pornhub na shekara-shekara, "hentai" da "majigin yara" suna daga cikin shahararrun rukunoni a cikin 2018.
- Irin waɗannan hotunan batsa babban abu ne mai motsawa, abu ne na wucin gadi wanda ke haifar da martanin dabba fiye da analog na halitta.
- Ba za mu iya ba da bayanin martanin da muke da shi kawai game da batsa ba, har ma da art, abinci takarce, da kuma kafofin watsa labarun.
Kowace shekara Pornhub, babban gidan yanar gizon batsa mafi girma a duniya, yana sakewa ƙididdiga shekara-shekara dalla-dalla game da abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin gidan yanar gizo. Wasu abubuwan daukar kaya daga 2018? Hanyar mai ban mamaki ta 4,403 petabytes data canja wuri, Amurka shine mafi yawan mabukaci na batsa (ta hanyar babban gefe), kuma Stormy Daniels shine mafi yawan mutane da aka bincika (kawai goge kan abubuwan da ke faruwa a halin yanzu).
An nuna shi a cikin rukunan da kalmomin bincike kalma ce da take iya ba da alama baƙon abu ce: hentai.
Idan baku taɓa jin labarin hentai ba, ba ku kadai ba. Wannan kalmar bashi daga Japan ba a san shi sosai da sauran kalmomin Jafananci kamar ba sushi, samurai, tsunami, Da kuma typhoon, duk da haka yana samar da ƙarin sakamako na Google fiye da kowane ɗayansu. A cikin yaren mahaifiyarta, kalmar tana nuna halin maɓalli ko matsanancin halin jima'i. Bayan da kalmar ta tsallake da Bahar Rum, sai ta zama tana wakiltar wakokin batsa da raye raye a cikin salon Jafananci.
Duk da rashin saninsa ga mutane da yawa, hentai shine na biyu mafi yawan binciken da Pornhub yayi don ajalin 2018 kuma ɗayan shahararrun rukunninta. Wasu na iya watsar da wannan sabon yanayin da yardar rai, "Ee, amma Japan, maraice?" Amma sun yi kuskure.
Tabbas Japan tana da tarihin zayyana erotica - shunga, kamar su "Mafarkin matar masunta" ta Hokusai, wataƙila shahararriyar misali ce - amma da wuya al'adu ce kawai da za a tsara zane-zane da za a zuga su fiye da tunani.
Al'adar Yammacin duniya ta samar da zane mai ban dariya na batsa. Misalan sun hada da Marge Simpson a matsayin Abokin wasa, 1950s pin-up girls, kuma Litattafan Tijuana, wasan kwaikwayo na phy porn mashahuri a lokacin Babban Rashin damuwa.
Kuma ba wannan yanayin bane iyakance ga zamani. Masu zane-zanen zamanin ya samar da zane-zanen gargajiya da yawa, Masarautar Mughal ta ba da zane kwatankwacin Kamasutra, da frescas na sha'awa sun shiga cikin waɗanda toka na Pompeii. Tarihin zane-zane, da alama, yana da achearfin silsilar ɗan adam wanda aka buɗe ƙarƙashin katifa.
Jawo hankalin mutum zuwa kamannin mutum da ke bayyane a bayyane yake zurfafa cikin kwakwalwarmu sama da wani sabon karnin Millen. Amma kafin mu kalli dalilin da ya sa mutane ke jan hankalin hentai, muna buƙatar ɗaukar ɗan ƙara kaɗan don tattaunawa game da taken.
Songbirds da allahntaka mai rarrabewa
Wata mujallar shagon mujallar Jafananci mai daukar hoto mai nuna kwalliyar kwalliya tare da mujallu na tsafi. Biyan hoto: Danny Choo a kan Flickr
Nikolaas TinbergenDogon aikin da ya shahara ya canza yadda muke fahimtar dabi'un dabbobi da halaye, abubuwan binciken da aka ba shi 1973 lambar yabo ta Nobel a cikin Kimiyya / Magunguna tare da Karl von Frisch da Konrad Lorenz. Daga cikin hikimomin sa da yawa akwai wata ka'idar cewa juyin halitta mai yiwuwa ba zai yi tasiri ga dabbobi ba tare da wata hanyar da zata iya canzawa zuwa martani ta mutum.
Don gwada ka'idodinsa, ya kirkiro qwai qarya ne babba, masu launin shuɗi, kuma aka lullube su da ɗigon polka baƙi. Sai ya sanya waɗannan ƙwayayen a cikin ciyayi na dabbobin son rai da zaran an motsa su su zauna a kan shuɗi, launin shuɗi mai shuɗi. Tsuntsayen da sauri sun watsar da tsintsayensu na halitta don ciyar da sabbin bakin hauren, duk da kwai na wucin gadi sun yi girman da zasu iya jurewa ba tare da sun sauka ba.
Ya kira shi “babban abin da ke kara kuzari” - lamarin da ke faruwa yayin da wani abu na wucin gadi ya haifar da martanin dabba da karfi fiye da halittar da dabi'ar ta samo asali don nema. Saboda dabi'a ba zata iya samar da ƙwai kamar Tinbergen ba, wakokin tsuntsaye ba zasu iya daidaita kariyar juyin halitta ba don hana ƙwan ƙwai ja da ƙarfi a cikin hankalinsu.
Tinbergen yayi dabara da dama sauran gwaje-gwajen don nuna kwayar halitta ta hanyar da take shafar wasu nau'in:
- 'Yan kajin ganyayyaki na roƙon abinci ta hanyar yin tsokaci a kan dokan doron kuɗin uwarsu tare da bambancin jan launi. Lokacin da aka gabatar musu da takardar kuɗi na bogi masu wasa faci ja uku, kajin sun fi ƙarfin fuskata da shi.
- Namijin ɗan sanda mai ƙyalli zai yi watsi da ƙiyayya na ainihi idan an gabatar da shi tare da kifin katako wanda ke haɓaka kyakkyawar ventral ja.
- Maza masu launin toka-toka zasu yi kokarin yin tarayya da jabun butterflies fiye da mata na ainihi idan dunkulensu ya fi girma, ya yi duhu a launi, kuma ya juye “da hankali. Siffa ba shi da matsala. Greylings zaiyi ƙoƙari ya sanya shi tare da murabba'i mai dari idan yana kaɗawa da isasshen zo-nan.
Tallafawa gwaje-gwajen Tinbergen abubuwa ne na yau da kullun da muka ƙirƙira ba da gangan ba. Ya juya, kwalaban giya daidai ne abin da berayen kayan kwalliyar Australiya ke nema a cikin abokin aure (sannan kuma wasu). Wadannan beetles suna daukar tarin shara kamar sandar marassa aure kuma suna iya zama masu tsananin sha'awar kwalban mafarkin su har zasu mutu neman aure da shi.
Wasu dabbobin ma suna da hanyoyin da zasu bi don amfani da abubuwan da ke haifar da mugunta to amfaninsu. Karatu ya nuna cewa kajin cuckoo, mai cin mutuncin ɗan adam, yana aiki azaman babban abin da ke inganta wa mahaifinsa mai gida. Alamar fatar fatar kawa mai launin fata ce wacce ke haifar da ilhami na mahaifa, wanda zai haifar mata da fifikon kazamar cutar akan 'ya'yanta na asali.
Dalilin hentai
Kan Betty Boop da aka ɗora a jikin Marilyn Monroe.
Hentai da sauran majigin yara masu lalata da jima'i suna aiki azaman abubuwan da basu dace ba wanda ke haifar da sha'awar mutum. Musamman, sha'awar jima'i ta maza. *
In Juyin Halitta, mai ilimin halayyar dan adam Dauda Buss ya bayar da hujjar cewa juyin halitta ya burge maza da mata musamman da illolin neman aure. Irin wadannan dabaru an kirkira su ne don fuskantar kalubalen da muka fuskanta a yanayin rayuwar mu kuma ya kasance mafi yawa a cikin mu (juyin halitta yayi jinkiri kuma yana tsayawa).
Tunda anyi nasarar nasarar juyin halitta ne ta hanyar mika kwayar halittar mutum, mazajen kakannin kakanni suka kimanta matan da zasu iya haihuwar yara, yayin da matan kakanin suka fifita maza da matsayi da kayan aikin da suka dace don kula da yara. Saboda tsohuwar savannah ba ta da asibitocin haihuwa, maza sun dogara da wasu hanyoyin da za a yanke hukuncin abokan da suka dace. Sun yi amfani da idanunsu.
Buss ya ce: "Kyakkyawan na iya kasancewa a idanun mai kallo, amma waɗannan idanun da tunanin da ke bayan idanun sun tsara ta miliyoyin shekaru na canjin ɗan adam," "Saboda alamun jiki da halayya suna ba da tabbaci mafi ƙarfi na ƙimar haihuwar mace, mazan kakannin sun samo fifiko ga matan da ke nuna waɗannan alamun."
Bayanan kallo da ke nuna darajar haihuwa sun hada da matasa, lafiya, da matsayin zamantakewar su. A takaice, maza suna farauta don neman kyakkyawa a cikin mata. Duk da cewa jan hankali ya banbanta daga al'ada zuwa al'ada, amma abubuwan da aka fi sani sun hada da “cikakkun lebe, fata mai haske, fata mai laushi, idanu masu haske, gashi mai laushi, da yanayin tsoka mai kyau, da sifofin halayya, kamar su falala, motsa jiki na samari, fuska mai rai magana, da babban matakin kuzari. "
Hentai yana ɗaukar waɗannan alamomin na gani kuma yana buga su har zuwa 11. Haruffan mace a cikin waɗannan finafinai suna nuna kyawawan halaye na maza maza sun samo asali ne don neman ma'aurata zuwa matakin da ya wuce abin da zai iya dorewa. Ainihin, su ƙwai ne masu launin polka don ƙwaƙwalwar namiji.
Don kiyaye mu gaba ɗaya a cikin yankin SFW, bari muyi la'akari da alamar jima'i na Jazz-Age Betty Boop. Boop yana bincika duk akwatunan Buss bayanin kula mutane a ciki lafiya da darajar haihuwa. Tana da fata mai santsi, cikakkun lebba, sautin tsoka mai kyau, da manyan idanu, masu haske. Tana da fa'ida da nuna yawan kumburi, kuzari na samari.
A zahiri, ƙuruciyarta wakiltar matsanancin ɗabi'a ne, tare da fasalta fasali m, neotenic matakan. Shugaban kanta ba ya girma, kafafuwan sa sun yi tsayi da yawa, kawayenta ma gajere ne, da nata rabo hip-da-kugu zai hana ta tafiya. Rayuwar Betty Boop na ainihi wanda ya tsira har zuwa samartaka zai zama abin al'ajabi na likita. A matsayinta na zane mai ban dariya, ta rayu a zaman alamar alama ta jima'i kusan shekaru 100.
Idan kuna tunanin sabon abu ya iyakance ne ga adadi kawai, zaku sake tsammani. Binciken daya ya nuna hakan har ma manyan sheqa na iya haifar da amsa mai zurfi.
Kimantawa a fannin zane-zane
Daya daga cikin Riace Bronzes. Yana iya kama da sculptor ɗin yayi ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar mutum mutumin Girka na gaske, amma tagulla ɗin sun fi girma a cikin sutturar jikin ɗan adam. Tushen hoto: Wikimedia Commons
Ko da lokacin da ba a tsara jikunan fasaha don motsa sha'awa ba, mutane har yanzu suna neman karin gishiri don ya zama daɗi. Wannan ita ce takaddar Dokta Nigel Spivey, masanin gargajiya da tarihin fasaha, a cikin shirinsa na BBC Yadda Art sanya mu Dan Adam.
Spivey yayi jayayya game da zane-zane na duniya wanda ke cike da abubuwan wakilci na jikin ɗan adam saboda dalili mai sauƙi waɗanda muke fifita su. Wannan fifiko ya bayyana a duk tarihin tarihinmu. Yi la'akari da salon tarihin hirarglyphs na Masar, da kammala girman zane-zanen helenanci, kuma yawancin usesan Venus din sun gangara mana daga mutane na farko. Venus na Willendorf).
A cikin hira don wasan kwaikwayon, masanin kimiyyar jijiya VS Ramachandran kai tsaye ya danganta zane-zanen tarihi kamar Venus na Willendorf zuwa Tinbergen ta gwajin kwalliyar ciyawar dabbobi. Don Ramachandran, kakanninmu sun samar da wasu sifofi na al'ada wadanda ke mai da hankali kan abin da ya fi mahimmanci a gare su. Dangane da yanayin shekarun kankararsu, ana iya samun haihuwa da dattako a cikin ma'aurata; sabili da haka, mutanen da suka gabata sun jirkita Fuskokinsu daidai. Wannan zai iya, a cewar Ramachandran, ya kara wa “karfin kwakwalar kwakwalwa ga wannan jiki.”
Kuma jikin maza ba shi da kariya daga wannan kyan gani, kamar yadda aka nuna ta Riace Bronzes. A farkon fari, waɗannan tagulla na Girka sun bayyana rayuwa mai ɗaukar hankali; amma, idan muka bincika mun gano cewa babu mutumin da zai taɓa isa ga wannan girman girman jiki. Kamar Betty Boop, suna da wuya a zahiri.
Waashinsu da tsokoki na baya, bayanan Spivey, an ayyana su fiye da yiwuwar zahiri. Don ƙirƙirar fasali tare da babba na sama, an sanya ƙafafu daɗewa. Kuma basu da kashin zobe don inganta layinsu.
"A zahiri, mu mutane ba ma matukar son gaskiya - mun fi son karin magana, fiye da mutum fiye da na mutum, hotunan jiki," in ji Dokta Nigel Spivey. "Wannan wata kwayar halitta ce wacce take da alaƙa da mu da magabatanmu na da."
Duniya mai ɗaukaka
Kamar hentai da sauran nau'ikan batsa, abincin takarce abin motsa jiki ne wanda aka zayyana don shawo kan al'amuranmu masu tasowa don neman abinci mai kalori. Tushen hoto: Wikimedia Commons
Duk da yake hentai na iya bayar da nau'i guda na ƙarfin motsa jiki, da wuya ya tsaya shi kaɗai. A yau, mutane suna da matakan da ba su taɓa gani ba game da yanayinmu, kuma mun yi amfani da wannan damar don ƙaddamar da yanayinmu tare da tarin abubuwan da ba na al'ada ba. Hotunan batsa, tallace-tallace, farfaganda, intanet, wasannin bidiyo, jerin suna kan gaba.
a nata littattafai a kan batun, Masanin ilimin halayyar Harvard Deirdre Barrett ya ba da hujja cewa ƙarfin motsa jiki ya taimaka samar da rikicin kiba ta zamani.
Ga kakanninmu, abinci mai wadataccen kalori sun yi karanci, don haka ilhami ya sa su nemi hanyoyin sukari, sunadarai, da mai. Tuki don irin waɗannan abincin ya kasance yana da alaƙa sosai da cibiyar ladar ƙwaƙwalwarmu, duk da haka yanayinmu yana da nau'ikan nau'ikan waɗannan abinci. Babban fructose masara syrup abinci yafi abinci fiye da kowane 'ya'yan itace. Hamburger da soyayyen dankali sun fi sodium da kitse mai yawa fiye da yadda kowa ke buƙata a cikin abinci ɗaya. Ga Barret, babban tasirin motsa jiki na Tinbergen yayi bayani game da karfin da Skittles da McDonald suke dashi akan wasu mutane.
Amma rubuce-rubucen Barrett ba duka labarai ne marasa dadi ba: “Da zarar mun fahimci yadda abubuwan da ke faruwa ba na aiki ba, za mu iya ƙirƙirar sababbin hanyoyin da za a magance matsalolin zamani. 'Yan Adam suna da babbar fifiko a kan sauran dabbobi - wata babbar kwakwalwa da za ta iya shawo kan sauƙin tunani yayin da suka ɓatar da mu. ”
Duk da yake babban abin da ke faruwa na iya zama a cikin zuciyar jan hankali na hentai, wannan ba yana nufin duk wanda ya ci karo da shi ba zai zama ƙawancen haɗari. Ga mutane da yawa, zai zama abin al'ajabi game da yadda wani zai iya sha'awar jima'i da abin da aka zana tawada da kyau don kama da wani jinsi. Hakanan, mutane da yawa ba sa jin daɗin McDonald.
Amma kamar yadda bayanan Pornhub ya nuna, ga wasu da yawa, irin waɗannan hotunan an yanke su daidai ta hanyar ɓangaren tunani na kwakwalwarmu kuma kai tsaye zuwa ga asalinmu.
* Ya kamata a lura cewa mun sauƙaƙa tattaunawar saboda yawancin maza suna ba da rahoton kallon batsa akai-akai. Mata kalli batsa kuma, mai saukin kamuwa ne da sifofin zina, kuma ana iya samun bayanan da basu dace ba saboda matsalar zamantakewa. Koyaya, bayanai kuma sun nuna cewa maza amsa ga jima'i na gani fiye da mata.
Har yanzu akwai sauran bincike da yawa da ake buƙata don magance matsalolin zamantakewar da ilimin halittar da ake kira “batsa-rata,” amma zato na yau da kullun game da batun yana nufin yawancin kafofin watsa labarai na batsa, masu motsa rai ko akasin haka, suna niyyar maza da mata da abubuwan da ke haifar da tunaninsu.
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