Rage LPP don hotunan jima'i a cikin masu amfani da batsa masu matsala na iya zama daidai da tsarin jaraba. Komai ya dogara da samfurin (Sharhi kan Fuskantarwa, Steele, Staley, Sabatinelli, & Hajcak, 2015)

Fasahar Intanet tana ba da damar mai araha da ba a san shi ba ga yawancin abubuwan batsa (Cooper, 1998). Bayanai masu iya amfani da su sun nuna cewa 67.6% na maza da 18.3% na samari matasa na Danish (18-30 shekaru) suna amfani da batsa akan tsarin sati na yau da kullun (Hald, 2006). Daga cikin daliban koleji na Amurka 93.2% na yara maza da 62.1% na 'yan mata suna kallon hotunan kan layi kafin su kai shekara 18 (Sabina, Wolak, & Finkelhor, 2008). Ga yawancin masu amfani, kallon batsa yana taka rawa cikin nishaɗi, tashin hankali, da kuma wahayi (Rothman, Kaczmarsky, Burke, Jansen, & Baughman, 2014) (Häggström-Nordin, Tydén, Hanson, & Larsson, 2009), amma ga wasu , yawan amfani da batsa shine tushen wahala (kimanin 8% daga masu amfani bisa ga Cooper et al., 1999) kuma ya zama dalilin neman magani (Delmonico da Carnes, 1999; Kraus, Potenza, Martino, & Grant, 2015; Gola, Lewczuk, & Skorko, 2016; Gola da Potenza, 2016). Saboda shaharar da ya yi ta yaduwa da kuma lura da asibitocin da ke karo da juna, amfani da hotunan batsa wani lamari ne mai mahimmanci na zamantakewar al'umma, wanda ke ba da hankali sosai a kafofin yada labarai, (misali, manyan fina-finai: "Kunya" daga McQueen da "Don Jon" na Gordon-Levitt) kuma daga 'yan siyasa (misali, Firayim Ministan Burtaniya David Cameron na 2013 game da batsa da yara ke amfani da shi), da kuma binciken binciken kwakwalwa (Steele, Staley, Fong, & Prause, 2013; Kühn da Gallinat, 2014; Voon et al., 2014). na tambayoyin da ake yawan yi shine: shin cin batsa yana iya zama abin maye?

Sakamakon binciken Prause, Steele, Staley, Sabatinelli, & Hajcak, (2015) wanda aka buga a fitowar watan Yuni na Kimiyyar Halittu yana ba da bayanai masu ban sha'awa akan wannan batun. Masu binciken sun nuna cewa maza da mata suna ba da rahoton matsalolin batsa masu kallo (N = 55),1 ya nuna ƙananan samfurori mai kyau (LPP - wani lamari mai yiwuwa a cikin alamar EEG da ke da alaka da mahimmanci da kuma saitunan abubuwan da ke faruwa) ga siffofin jima'i idan aka kwatanta da hotuna ba tare da jima'i ba, idan aka kwatanta da amsoshin sarrafawa. Har ila yau, sun nuna cewa masu amfani da batsa masu damuwa tare da sha'awar sha'awar jima'i suna da ƙananan bambance-bambance na LPP game da jima'i da ba da jima'i ba. Mawallafin sun kammala cewa: "Wannan tsari na sakamakon ya saba da wasu tsinkaya da aka yi ta hanyar jaraba" (shafi na 196) kuma ya sanar da wannan ƙaddamar a cikin taken labarin: "Canjin jigilar mahimmanci ta hanyar hotunan jima'i a masu amfani da matsala da kuma jituwa ba tare da "Jaraba batsa" ".

Abin takaici, a cikin labarin su, Yi amfani da al al. (2015) ba a bayyane yake bayyana wane samfurin jaraba da suke gwadawa ba. Sakamakon da aka gabatar lokacin da aka yi la'akari dangane da ƙirar da aka kafa ko dai ba su bayar da cikakken tabbaci game da tunanin cewa amfani da batsa ta batsa matsala ce ta jaraba (kamar batun Ingantaccen Salience Theory; Robinson da Berridge, 1993; Robinson, Fischer, Ahuja, erananan, & Maniates, 2015) ko goyi bayan wannan tunanin (kamar idan akwai matsalar Rashin Rearancin sakamako; Blum et al., 1996; 1996; Blum, Badgaiyan, & Gold, 2015). A ƙasa na bayyana shi a cikin cikakkun bayanai.

Adireshin intanet: Cibiyar Swartz don Cibiyar Nazarin Neuroscience, Cibiyar Nazarin Neural Computations, Jami'ar California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093-0559, Amurka. Adireshin i-mel: [email kariya]

1 Ya cancanci a lura cewa marubuta sun ba da sakamakon ga maza da mata masu haɗuwa tare, yayin da binciken na baya-bayan nan ya nuna cewa hotunan jima'i na basira da basira ya bambanta sosai tsakanin genders (duba: Wierzba et al., 2015)

2 Wannan zato yana goyan bayan gaskiyar cewa nassoshi da aka yi amfani da su a cikin Prause et al. (2015) ma koma zuwa IST (watau Wölfling et al., 2011

Me ya sa ka'idodin ka'idodin da kuma bayyana batun batun magana

Bisa ga mahimmancin amfani da kalmar "haɓakawa" daga masu marubuta za mu iya tsammani marubutan sun tuna da ka'idar da ke da kwarewa (IST) da Robinson da Berridge yayi (Berridge, 2012, Robinson et al., 2015).2 Wannan tsinkayen tsinkayen-tsari yana rarrabe abubuwa biyu masu mahimmancin hali - "son" da "son". Latterarshen yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da ƙimar ƙimar ladar, yayin da na farkon yana da alaƙa da darajar ladan da ake tsammani, yawanci ana auna shi dangane da alamar tsinkaye. Dangane da ilmantarwa na Pavlovian, lada kyauta ce mara izini (UCS) kuma alamomin da ke tattare da wannan lada ta hanyar ilmantarwa sune yanayin haɓaka (CS). CSs da suka koyi sun sami sahihiyar himma kuma suna tsokanar “son”, wanda aka nuna a cikin halayyar ɗabi'a (Mahler da Berridge, 2009; Robinson & Berridge, 2013). Don haka suna mallakar kaddarorin kamala kamar lada kanta. Misali kwarton gida da yardan rai zai kwafa tare da abin terrycloth (CS) wanda a baya aka hada shi da damar hada kai da kwarton mata (UCS), koda kuwa akwai mace ta gaske (Cetinkaya da Domjan, 2006)

Dangane da IST, jarabawa tana tattare da haɓaka "so" (haɓakar haɓaka mai alaƙa; watau mafi girma LPP) da raguwar "ƙaunata" (rage rashi mai alaƙa da sakamako, watau ƙananan LPP). Don fassara bayanai a cikin tsarin IST dole ne masu bincike dole ne su rarraba abubuwan da suke da alaƙa da “so” da kuma lada mai nasaba da “son.” Gwajin gwajin gwaji duka matakai suna gabatar da alamu da lada daban (watau Flagel et al., 2011; Sescousse, Barbalat, Domenech, & Dreher, 2013; Gola, Miyakoshi, & Sescousse, 2015). Yi amfani da al al. (2015) maimakon amfani da mafi kyawun tsari na gwaji, inda batutuwa ke kallon hotuna daban-daban tare da jima'i da jima'i. A cikin irin wannan ƙirar gwajin gwaji tambaya mai mahimmanci daga hangen nesa IST shine: Shin hotuna na jima'i sunyi tasiri (CS) ko sakamako (UCS)? Sabili da haka: Shin LPP mai auna ya nuna "son" ko "son"?

Marubutan sun ɗauka cewa hotunan jima'i alamu ne, kuma fassarar can-can ta rage LPP a matsayin mizanin raguwar “buƙata.” Rage “son” game da alamomin hakika ba zai dace da tsarin jarabar IST ba. Amma yawancin karatu sun nuna cewa hotunan jima'i ba alamu bane kawai. Suna ba da lada a cikin kansu (Oei, Rombouts, Soeter, van Gerven, & Duka, 2012; Stoléru, Fonteille, Cornélis, Joyal, & Moulier, 2012; an sake nazari a cikin: Sescousse, Caldú, Segura, & Dreher, 2013; Stoléru et al., 2012). Ganin hotunan jima'i yana haifar da aiki (tsarin lada) aiki (Arnowet al., 2002; Demos, Heatherton, & Kelley, 2012; Sabatinelli, Bradley, Lang, Costa, & Versace, 2007; Stark et al., 2005; Wehrum-Osinskyet al., 2014), fitowar dopamine (Meston da McCall, 2005) da kuma rahoton kansu da kuma ƙaddara sha'awar jima'i (bita: Chivers, Seto, Lalumière, Laan, & Grimbos, 2010).

Abubuwan ladabi na hotunan jima'i na iya zama na asali ne saboda gaskiyar cewa jima'i (kamar abinci) shine babban sakamako. Amma koda kuwa wani ya ƙi irin wannan dabi'a ta ladabi, za a iya samun abubuwan sakamako na abubuwan lalata saboda ilmantarwa na Pavlovian. A karkashin yanayin yanayi, abubuwan motsa sha'awa na gani (kamar mata masu tsirara ko bidiyo na batsa) na iya zama alama (CS) don yin jima'i wanda ke haifar da ƙwarewar ƙima (UCS) sakamakon ɗayan jima'i na dyadic ko al'aura mai ɗauke da hotunan batsa. Bugu da ƙari kuma game da yawan amfani da batsa, rikice-rikice na jima'i (CS) suna da alaƙa da haɗari (UCS) kuma suna iya samun kaddarorin lada (UCS; Mahler da Berridge, 2009; Robinson & Berridge, 2013) sannan kuma ya kai ga kusanci ( kallon hotunan batsa) da halayyar cin abinci (watau awanni na kallo kafin a kai ga ƙarshe).

Ba tare da la'akari da ƙimar ladabi ko ilmantarwa ba, karatun ya nuna cewa hotunan jima'i suna motsawa a cikin kansu, koda kuwa ba tare da yuwuwar ƙarshe ba. Don haka suna da mahimmancin darajar ɗan adam ga mutane (Prévost, Pessiglione, Météreau, Cléry-Melin, & Dreher, 2010) da kuma rhesus macaques (Deaner, Khera, & Platt, 2005) .Kuma ana iya haɓaka darajar ladarsu a cikin gwaji saiti, inda ba a sami kwarewar ƙarshe (UCS ta halitta) ba, kamar yadda a cikin binciken Prause et al. (2015) ("an umurci mahalarta wannan binciken da kada su yi al'aura yayin aikin", shafi na 197). A cewar Berridge, mahallin aiki yana tasiri hasashen sakamako (Berridge, 2012). Don haka, kamar yadda babu wani abin farin ciki fiye da hotunan jima'i a nan, kallon hotuna shine mafi girman sakamako (maimakon kawai alama).

Rage LPP don ladan jima'i a masu amfani da batsa masu rikitarwa daidai ne da tsarin jaraba

Yin la'akari da duk abubuwan da ke sama zamu iya ɗauka cewa hotunan jima'i a cikin Yin amfani da al al. (2015) nazarin, maimakon zama alamu, na iya yin rawar lada. Idan haka ne, bisa ga tsarin IST, ƙananan LPP don jima'i da hotuna marasa jima'i a cikin masu amfani da batsa masu matsala da kuma batutuwa masu sha'awar sha'awar jima'i lallai suna nuna raguwar "ƙaunataccen". Irin wannan sakamakon yana cikin layi tare da samfurin jaraba da Berridge da Robinson suka gabatar (Berridge, 2012; Robinson et al., 2015). Koyaya, don cikakken tabbatar da jarabawar jaraba a cikin tsarin IST, ana buƙatar ƙarin karatun gwaji na gwaji, rashi rashi da lada. An yi amfani da kyakkyawan misali na kyakkyawan tsarin gwaji a cikin nazarin kan caca ta Sescousse, Redouté, & Dreher (2010). Yana amfani da alamun kuɗi da jima'i (abubuwan alamomi na alama) da bayyananniyar sakamako (nasarar kuɗi ko hotunan jima'i). Saboda rashin cikakkun bayanai da lada a cikin Prause et al. (2015) nazarin, rawar hotunan jima'i ya kasance bayyane kuma sabili da haka sakamakon LPP yana da wuyar fahimta a cikin tsarin IST. Tabbas tabbataccen ƙarshe da aka gabatar a cikin taken binciken “Canjin yanayin ƙarshen kyakkyawan sakamako ta hanyar hotunan jima'i a cikin masu amfani da matsala da kuma iko wanda bai dace da“ jarabar batsa ”ba shi da tushe game da IST

Idan muka ɗauki wani shahararren shahararren shahararrun - Ciwo na Lalacewa na Ƙaunar (RDS; Blum et al., 1996, 2015) bayanan da masu marubuta suka karɓa suna magana ne game da maganin jaraba. Taswirar RDS ya ɗauka cewa jigilar kwayoyin halitta don rage bayani gameda maganin maganin dopin maganin gamsuwa (wanda aka nuna a cikin ƙwayar da aka yi da kuma mayar da hankali ga electrophysiological) yana da alaƙa da nema-neman, impulsivity da kuma hadarin ƙari. Sakamakon binciken marubuta na ƙananan LPPs a cikin masu amfani da batsa masu rikitarwa daidai ne da tsarin ƙwaƙwalwar RDS. Idan Kuna da al al. (2015) suna gwada wasu samfurori, wanda ba a san su fiye da IST ko RDS ba, zai zama da kyawawa don gabatar da shi a taƙaice a cikin aikin.

Bayanin ƙarshe

Nazarin da Prause et al. (2015) tana ba da bayanai mai ban sha'awa game da amfani da batsa masu rikitarwa.3 Duk da haka, sabili da rashin bayani game da jarabawar da ake gwada jaraba da jigilar gwajin gwagwarmaya (wuya a ayyana matsayin rawa na hotuna), baza'a iya faɗi idan sakamakon da aka gabatar ba sun ƙi, ko kuma suna so, wani ra'ayi game da "Jarabawar batsa." Ana buƙatar ƙarin nazari mai zurfi tare da ƙayyadaddun ka'idodi. Abin baƙin ciki shine babban taken mai suna Prause et al. (2015) labarin ya riga ya tasiri kan tashar watsa labaru,4 Ta haka ne ke ba da cikakkiyar taƙaitaccen kimiyya. Dangane da muhimmancin zamantakewa da siyasa game da tasirin tasirin batsa, masu bincike ya kamata su zana ƙarshen karshe tare da tsinkaya.

3 Ya cancanci lura cewa a cikin Prause et al. (2015) masu amfani da matsala suna amfani da hotuna a matsakaici don 3.8 h / mako (SD = 1.3) kusan kusan masu amfani da batsa masu ban mamaki a Kühn da Gallinat (2014) wanda ke cinye 4.09 h / mako (SD = 3.9) . A Voon et al. (2014) masu amfani masu matsala sun ruwaito 1.75 h / mako (SD = 3.36) da kuma matsala 13.21 h / mako (SD = 9.85) - bayanai da Voon ke gabatarwa a cikin watan Mayu 2015.

4 Misalan sunayen labaran kimiyyar kimiyya game da Prause et al. (2015): "Porn ba abu ne mai cutarwa ba kamar sauran tsofaffi, nazarin binciken" (http://metro.co.uk/2015/07/04/porn-is-not-as-harmful-as-other-addictions- nazarin binciken-5279530 /), "Zangon Yararku ba Gaskiya ba ne" (http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/06/26/your-porn-addiction-isn-t-real.html) , "Jima'i 'Yarawa' Ba Gaskiya ba ne, Masanan Neuroscientists Say" (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/06/30/porn-addiction- n7696448.html)

References

Arnow, BA, Desmond, JE, Banner, LL, Glover, GH, Solomon, A., Polan, ML,. . & Atlas, SW (2002). Amfani da ƙwaƙwalwa da motsa sha'awar jima'i cikin lafiya, maza maza da mata. Brain, 125 (Pt. 5), 1014-1023.

Berridge, KC (2012). Daga kuskuren annabci don tayin hankali: mesolimbic lissafin sakamako na sakamako. Jaridar Turai na Neuroscience, 35 (7), 1124-1143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2012.07990.x

Blum, K., Sheridan, PJ, Wood, RC, Braverman, ER, Chen, TJ, Cull, JG, & Comings, DE (1996). Kwayar mai karɓa na D2 dopamine a matsayin mai ƙaddara cutar rashin rashi. Jaridar Royal Society of Medicine, 89 (7), 396-400.

Blum, K., Badgaiyan, RD, & Gold, MS (2015). Addictionaramar jima'i da janyewa: ilimin halitta, neurogenetics da epigenetics. Cureus, 7 (7), e290. http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.290

Cetinkaya, H., & Domjan, M. (2006). Yin jima'i a cikin kwatankwacin (Coturnix japonica) tsarin samfurin: gwajin nasarar nasarar haihuwa. Jaridar Comparative Psychology, 120 (4), 427-432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0735-7036.120.4.427

Chivers, ML, Seto, MC, Lalumière, ML, Laan, E., & Grimbos, T. (2010) Yarjejeniyar rahoton kai-da kai da matakan al'aura na tayar da hankali ga maza da mata: meta-bincike. Labaran Halayyar Jima'i, 39 (1), 5-56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10508-009-9556-9

Cooper, A., Scherer, CR, Boies, SC, & Gordon, BL (1999). Jima'i a Intanit: daga binciken jima'i zuwa maganganun cututtuka. Kwararren Ilimin halin dan Adam: Bincike da Aiki, 30 (2), 154. An dawo daga. http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/pro/30/2/154/

Cooper, A. (1998). Jima'i da Intanit: hawan igiyar ruwa a cikin sabon karni. CyberPsychology & Halayyar ,. An dawo daga. http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/cpb.1998.1.187

Deaner, RO, Khera, AV, & Platt, ML (2005). Birai sun biya kowane ra'ayi: kimanta darajar hotunan zamantakewa ta rhesus macaques. Biology na yanzu, 15 (6), 543-548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2005.01.044

Delmonico, DL, & Carnes, PJ (1999). Addictionaramin jima'i na jima'i: lokacin da cybersex ya zama magungunan zaɓi. Cyberpsychology da Halayyar, 2 (5), 457-463.http: //dx.doi.org/10.1089/cpb.1999.2.457

Demos, KE, Heatherton, TF, & Kelley, WM (2012). Bambance-bambance daban-daban a cikin mahaifa suna kara yawan aiki ga abinci da hotunan jima'i suna hango ƙimar nauyi da halayyar jima'i. Jaridar Neuroscience, 32 (16), 5549-5552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5958-11.2012

Flagel, SB, Clark, JJ, Robinson, TE, Mayo, L., Czuj, A., Willuhn, I.,. . . & Akil, H. (2011). Matsayi na zabi don dopamine a cikin karatun-sakamako. Yanayi, 469 (7328), 53-57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature09588

Gola, M., & Potenza, M. (2016). Maganin Paroxetine na amfani da batsa mai rikitarwa-jerin maganganu. Jaridar Addictions ta Addabi'a, a cikin latsa.

Gola, M., Miyakoshi, M., & Sescousse, G. (2015). Jima'i impulsivity, da damuwa: haɗuwa tsakanin ventral striatum da amygdala reactivity a cikin halayen jima'i. Jaridar Neuroscience, 35 (46), 15227-15229.

Gola, M., Lewczuk, K., & Skorko, M. (2016). Menene mahimmanci: yawa ko ingancin amfani da batsa? Abubuwan halayyar halayyar halayyar halayyar halayyar mutum da halayya don neman magani don amfani da batsa. Jaridar Magungunan Jima'i, 13 (5), 815-824.

Häggström-Nordin, E., Tydén, T., Hanson, U., & Larsson, M. (2009). Abubuwan kwarewa da halaye game da batsa tsakanin ƙungiyar ɗaliban makarantar sakandaren Sweden. Jaridar Turai ta hana haihuwa da kula da lafiyar haihuwa, 14 (4), 277-284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13625180903028171

Hald, GM (2006). Bambancin bambancin jinsi tsakanin batutuwa masu baƙar fata a cikin matasan Danish. Labaran Harkokin Jima'i, 35 (5), 577-585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10508-006-9064-0

Kühn, S., & Gallinat, J. (2014). Tsarin kwakwalwa da haɗin aiki waɗanda ke haɗuwa da amfani da batsa: kwakwalwa akan batsa. JAMA Ciwon zuciya, 71 (7), 827-834. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.93

Kraus, SW, Potenza, MN, Martino, S., & Grant, JE (2015). Yin nazarin abubuwan halayyar kwakwalwa na Yale-Brown Mai Saka -arfafawa a cikin samfurin masu amfani da batsa masu tilastawa. Cikakken Lafiya, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2015.02.007

Mahler, SV, & Berridge, KC (2009). Wace alama ake so? Amygdala na opioid kunnawa yana haɓakawa kuma yana mai da hankali ga samun ƙwarin gwiwa akan kyakkyawan sakamako. Jaridar Neuroscience, 29 (20), 6500-6513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3875-08.2009

Meston, CM, & McCall, KM (2005). Dopamine da maganganun norepinephrine don tayar da sha'awar jima'i a cikin aikin jima'i da mata masu lalata. Jaridar Jima'i da Kula da Aure, 31 (4), 303-317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00926230590950217

Oei, NY, Rombouts, SA, Soeter, RP, vanGerven vanGerven, JM, & Dukansu, S. (2012). Dopamine yana tsara ladaran aikin tsarin yayin aiki mai ma'ana na matsalolin jima'i. Neuropsychopharmacology, 37 (7), 1729-1737. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/npp.2012.19

Prévost, C., Pessiglione, M., Météreau, E., Cléry-Melin, ML, & Dreher, JC (2010) .Ya keɓance ƙananan tsarin kimantawa don jinkirtawa da tsadar yanke shawara. Jaridar Neuroscience, 30 (42), 14080-14090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2752-10.2010

Yi amfani, N., Steele, VR, Staley, C., Sabatinelli, D., & Hajcak, G. (2015). Canjin yanayin ƙarshen kyawawan halayen ta hanyar hotunan jima'i a cikin masu amfani da matsala da kuma iko wanda bai dace da jarabar batsa ba. Ilimin halin dan Adam, 109, 192-199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2015.06.005

Robinson, TE, & Berridge, KC (1993). Tushen tushen ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyi: ƙa'idar ƙarfafa-haɓaka ka'idar jaraba? Binciken Brain. Binciken Nazarin Brain, 18 (3), 247-291.

Robinson, MJ, & Berridge, KC (2013). Canji nan da nan na koyon abin da aka koya cikin sha'awar motsawa. Ilimin halittu na yanzu, 23 (4), 282-289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2013.01.016

Robinson, MJ, Fischer, AM, Ahuja, A., erananan, EN, & Maniates, H. (2015). Matsayi o finging da so a cikin halayyar motsawa: abinci na caca, da kuma shan ƙwayoyi. Batutuwa na Yanzu a cikin havwararrun swararrun swararraki, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/7854 2015 387

Rothman, EF, Kaczmarsky, C., Burke, N., Jansen, E., & Baughman, A. (2014) .Ba batsa ba. . . Ba zan san rabin abubuwan da na sani a yanzu ba: nazarin ilimin ƙirar batsa game da amfani da shi tsakanin samfurin biranen birane, ƙarancin kuɗi, baƙar fata da samarin Hispaniki. Jaridar Nazarin Jima'i, 1-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2014.960908

Sabatinelli, D., Bradley, MM, Lang, PJ, Costa, VD, & Versace, F. (2007). Jin daɗi maimakon jin daɗi yana kunna mahaɗan ɗan adam da ƙwayoyin cuta na farko. Jaridar Neurophysiology, 98 (3), 1374-1379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00230.2007

Sabina, C., Wolak, J., & Finkelhor, D. (2008). Halin da tasirin tasirin batsa na intanet ga matasa. Cyberpsychology da Halayyar, 11 (6), 691-693. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2007.0179

Sescousse, G., Redouté, J., & Dreher, JC (2010). Gine-gine na ƙididdigar darajar sakamako a cikin ɗan adam kobitofrontal cortex. Jaridar Neuroscience, 30 (39), 13095-13104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3501-10.2010

Sescousse, G., Barbalat, G., Domenech, P., & Dreher, JC (2013). Rashin daidaituwa a cikin hankali ga nau'ikan lada daban-daban a cikin caca. Brain, 136 (Pt.8), 2527-2538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awt126

Sescousse, G., Caldú, X., Segura, B., & Dreher, JC (2013). Gudanar da lada na farko da na sakandare: ƙididdigar ƙididdiga masu yawa da kuma nazarin nazarin aikin ɗan adam da ke motsa jiki. Neuroscience da Biobehavioral Reviews, 37 (4), 681-696. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.02.002

Stark, R., Schienle, A., Girod, C., Walter, B., Kirsch, P., Blecker, C.,. . . & Vaitl, D. (2005). Hotuna masu lalata da kyama - bambance-bambance a cikin martanin hemodynamic na kwakwalwa. Ilimin halin dan Adam, 70 (1), 19-29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2004.11.014

Steele, VR, Staley, C., Fong, T., & Yi amfani, N. (2013). Jima'i na jima'i, ba saduwa ba, yana da alaƙa da martani na neurophysiological waɗanda hotunan jima'i ke haifar da su. Neuroscience & Ilimin halin dan adam, 3, 20770. http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/snp.v3i0.20770

Stoléru, S., Fonteille, V., Cornélis, C., Joyal, C., & Moulier, V. (2012). Nazarin aikin motsa jiki na motsa sha'awa da inzali a cikin maza da mata masu lafiya: nazari da meta-bincike. Neuroscience da Ra'ayoyin Halitta, 36 (6), 1481-1509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.03.006

Voon, V., Mole, TB, Banca, P., Porter, L., Morris, L., Mitchell, S.,. . . & Irvine, M. (2014). Abubuwan da ke tattare da ƙananan halayen halayen jima'i a cikin mutane tare da ba tare da halayen jima'i ba. Laburaren Kimiyya na Jama'a, 9 (7), e102419.http: //dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102419

Wehrum-Osinsky, S., Klucken, T., Kagerer, S., Walter, B., Hermann, A., & Stark, R. (2014). A kallo na biyu: kwanciyar hankali na maganganun jijiyoyi game da tasirin jima'i na gani. Jaridar Magungunan Jima'i, 11 (11), 2720-2737. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jsm.12653

Wierzba, M., Riegel, M., Pucz, A., Lesniewska, Z., Dragan, W., Gola, M.,. . . & Marchewka, A. (2015). Roididdigar Erotic don Tsarin Nencki Mai Tasiri (NAPS ERO): nazarin kwatancen jima'i-jima'i. Iyaka a cikin Ilimin halin dan Adam, 6, 1336.

Wölfling, K., Mörsen, CP, Duven, E., Albrecht, U., Grüsser, SM, & Flor, H. (2011) Don yin caca ko kada su yi caca: a cikin haɗarin sha'awar da sake dawowa caca na cuta Ilimin halin dan Adam, 87 (2), 275-281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2011.03.010