Sabuwar bincike yana nuna haske a tsakanin haɗi tsakanin dopamine da kuma cututtuka
Ƙungiyar masu bincike a Stanford sun samu nasara kuma suka yalwata matsalolin da suke ciki kamar yadda ya kamata a cikin yardar rai da kuma motsawa a cikin ƙananan yara ta hanyar kula da yanki na kwakwalwa da aka sani da ventral tegmental yanki. Wannan ɓangaren kwakwalwa shine tushen dopamine da kuma dan wasan tsakiya a cikin kwakwalwa ta ciki da kuma ladabi.
Wannan wani muhimmin ci gaba ne a cikin fahimtar ka'idodin halittu na rashin tausayi da kuma halayen halayen, tare da abubuwan da ke da alamar da za su yi don bincike na gaba.
Ƙarin bayani game da binciken ana miƙawa a cikin saki:
[Masu bincike sun iya yin amfani da su da kuma taimakawa da yawancin cututtuka masu kama da cututtuka a cikin ƙananan gwaje-gwaje ta hanyar gyaran kwayoyin dopamine a cikin VTA don kulawa da hasken. Yin amfani da igiyoyin fiber optic da aka saka a cikin kwakwalwan kwayoyi, zasu iya samar da hanzari a lokaci-lokaci kuma suna hana ƙananan cututtuka-kamar bayyanar cututtukan ta hanyar juya haske a kunne da kashewa. Wannan fasaha na bincike, Deisserot ya ci gaba a Stanford a 2005, ana sani da optogenetics.
{Ungiyar ta binciki ƙananan yara, a cikin halin da ake ciki, mai raunin zuciya, wanda ya sanya magungunan VTA, wanda aka yi gyare-gyare, a cikin su. "Lokacin da aka ba da haske ga VTA dopin ƙwayoyin cuta, waɗannan ƙwayoyin sun nuna karuwa sosai a cikin halayen halayya. Nan da nan sun yi ƙoƙarin ƙoƙari su fita daga matsaloli masu kalubalantar - suna juyawa zuwa matakan da suka dace na irin halin da suke ciki kamar yadda suke ciki, "in ji Deisseroth.
Stanford bioengineer da kuma babban marubucin binciken Karl Deisseroth, MD, PhD, yayi sharhi game da muhimmancin binciken, yana cewa, "Waɗannan sakamakon sun shafi wani nau'i na neuron a cikin wani ƙwayar kwakwalwa - ƙananan ƙananan ƙwararrun kwayoyin halitta - a cikin samarwa da kuma taimakawa da bambancin cututtuka, magance wani asiri a cikin cuta pathophysiology. "
Yayin da sakamakon (biyan kuɗi da ake buƙata) sananne ne, Deisseroth ya yi gargadin cewa ɓacin rai da sauran cututtukan hankali suna da rikitarwa, yanayi mai yawa wanda ya bambanta tsakanin marasa lafiya. Amma, ya ce,
... da VTA dopamine circuitry mun yi karatu sosai kama da duka rodents da mutane. Kuma mun nuna cewa masu amfani a cikin wannan tafkin suna da mahimmanci, gyara da kuma ɓoye bambancin cututtuka na ciki. Wannan wani muhimmin ci gaba ne a cikin fahimtar abubuwan da ke tattare da ilimin halittu na rashin tausayi da kuma halayen halayen, tare da samun alamar da za a yi don bincike na gaba.
A baya can: Amfani da haske don fahimtar rashin lafiya ta jiki
Masana kimiyya suna motsawa kuma suna taimakawa ciki ta hanyar amfani da haske a cikin mice
Masu bincike daga jami'ar Stanford suna da, a karo na farko, nasarar amfani da su haske motsa jiki daga wani yanki na kwakwalwa a cikin ƙuƙwalwa don ɗauka sannan kuma taimakawa ciki-like alamu na rashin jin daɗi da rashin motsawa. An buga sakamakon a cikin littafin Dec. 12 na babban mujallar kimiyya Nature.
Daga cikin waɗanda ke shan wahala daga bakin ciki, dual damar da za su iya jin dadi a cikin abubuwan da suke da sha'awa da kuma motsa jiki - don fuskantar kalubale, ko ma tashi daga gado da safe - an rubuta su shekaru da yawa, kodayake ya kasance abin mamaki wadannan nau'o'in bayyanar cututtuka suna nuna tare, kuma suna ɓacewa tare lokacin da aka magance bakin ciki.
An yi tsammanin cewa kwakwalwar kwakwalwa ta dopamine zai iya zama maɓalli mai mahimmanci a cikin rashin lafiya. Duk da haka, a cikin tarihin binciken da ke ciki, babu wanda ya iya ɗaukar waɗannan mahimman ra'ayoyi tare, har yanzu.
Binciken ya ba da haske game da wasu hanyoyin da za a iya haifar da cututtuka na yanayi, wanda yafi saninsa ta hanyar SAD, wadda ke faruwa a yankunan da ke fama da tsanani ko lokacin hunturu.
Masu bincike a jami'ar Stanford sun samu nasara sosai kuma sun yadu da rashin tausanan zuciya kamar yadda ya kamata a cikin yardar rai da kuma motsawa a cikin ƙananan yara ta hanyar sarrafawa kawai wani yanki na kwakwalwa da aka sani dashi. Wannan shi ne karo na farko da aka tsara nau'ikan ƙwayoyin hannu a cikin wani ƙwararrun ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa don ɗaukar magunguna masu yawa na rashin lafiya.
Makarantar Medicine ta Jami'ar Stanford a koyaushe tana cikin manyan makarantun likitancin kasar, hade da bincike, ilimin likitanci, kula da marasa lafiya da kuma taimakon al'umma. Don ƙarin labarai game da makarantar, don Allah ziyarci http://mednews.stanford.edu. Makarantar likitanci wani bangare ne na Stanford Medicine, wanda ya haɗa da Stanford Hospital & Clinics da Lucile Packard Hospital na Yara.
Stanford bioengineer Karl Deisseroth, MD, PhD, da kuma tawagar da suka hada da malam Kay Tye, PhD, da Melissa Warden, PhD, da kuma mai bincike Julie Mirzabekov sunyi amfani da wata fasaha da aka sani da optogenetics don nuna wani ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar da ta haifar da ƙananan ciki-kamar bayyanar cututtuka.
Makarantar Injiniya ta Stanford ta kasance kan gaba a fagen kirkire-kirkire kusan kusan karni, tana samar da mahimman fasahohi da kasuwancin da suka canza duniyar fasaha, magani, makamashi da sadarwa kuma suka aza harsashin Silicon Valley. Makarantar tana haɓaka ilimin kimiyya da kere-kere ta zamani ta hanyar koyarwa da bincike. Makarantar gida ce ga sassa tara, malamai 245 da ɗalibai sama da 4,000, suna magance manyan matsalolin duniya a fannoni kamar lafiyar mutum da ɗorewar muhalli.
Yankin da ake magana shine yankin ƙananan yanki, ko VTA, tushen asalin dopamine da ɗan wasan tsakiya a cikin ƙwarin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa da tsarin lada.
"Muna da farko a tsaye muka daure jijiyoyin dopamine a cikin VTA don sarrafawa da kuma sauƙaƙe waɗannan nau'ikan alamun daban daban,"
In ji Deisseroth, babban marubucin binciken kuma farfesa a fannin nazarin halittu da kuma ilimin hauka da kimiyyar halayya.
"Duk da yake bakin ciki cuta ce mai rikitarwa da har yanzu ba a san abubuwan da yawa ba, wannan ilimin na iya taimakawa wajen ƙaddamar da sabbin nau'o'in bincike game da hanyoyin ɓacin rai a cikin kwakwalwa, da kuma samar da dabaru don taimaka wa mutanen da ke fama da baƙin ciki."
Deungiyar Deisseroth ta sami ikon haifar da sauƙaƙa da yawa-kamar bayyanar cututtuka a cikin ƙananan yara ta hanyar canza kwayar halittar dopamine a cikin VTA ta yadda za su kasance masu saurin haske. Amfani da kebul na fiber optic wanda aka saka a cikin kwakwalwar beraye, za su iya samarwa da hanawa cikin gaggawa-kamar alamun ta hanyar kunna haske da kashewa. Wannan dabarun binciken, wanda Deisseroth ya kirkira a Stanford a shekara ta 2005, ana kiran sa da suna optogenetics.
{Ungiyar ta binciki ƙananan yara, a cikin halin da ake ciki, mai raunin zuciya, wanda ya sanya magungunan VTA, wanda aka yi gyare-gyare, a cikin su.
“Lokacin da aka ba da kuzarin haske ga ƙwayoyin cuta na VTA dopamine, waɗannan berayen sun nuna ƙaruwa mai ƙarfi a cikin halayen da suka shafi tserewa. Nan da nan suka kara himma don fita daga cikin mawuyacin yanayi - komawa ga kokarin da suka saba na al'ada daga halin kunci da suke ciki, "
bayyana Deisseroth.
Bugu da ƙari, ya ce, lokacin da aka ba da ruwan gishiri a sararin sama, ƙwayar da ta kasance a cikin wata ƙasa mai taguwar ta zabi ruwan da sukari tare da yawancin lokaci lokacin da haske ta hanyar VTA dopamine. Sun yi ƙoƙarin samun jin dadin - koma ga matakan al'ada.
A ƙarshe, kuma mai ban mamaki, Deisseroth ya lura cewa, hana ƙananan ƙwayoyin VTA ne kawai a maimakon tsayar da su, maimakon gyarawa, duk nau'i-nau'i na rashin tausayi - nan da nan da kuma sake dawowa.
Deisseroth ya ce "Wadannan sakamakon kai tsaye sun shafi wani nau'I ne na neuron a wani yanki na kwakwalwa - kwakwalwa na jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jiki - a duka samarwa da kuma magance alamomin da ke tattare da bakin ciki, da magance wani sirri a cikin cututtukan cututtukan fata," in ji Deisseroth.
Duk da haka, wani tambaya mai mahimmanci har yanzu ya kasance: Mene ne VTA dopin ƙananan hanyoyi da suke yi a filin jirgin sama? A wasu kalmomi, ta yaya za a karanta sakonnin kula da cututtuka?
Don amsa wadannan tambayoyin, masu bincike na gaba sun dauki aikin zuwa mataki na gaba ta hanyar yin amfani da ayyukan dopamine neuron a cikin VTA a kan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, cibiyar kwakwalwa ta ɗauka tunanin tasiri ga ayyukan da dama, kuma mai yiwuwa shafin aikin yin amfani da kwayoyi har da halitta sakamako. Ganin canje-canje a cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin zai samar da bayanai game da tsarin yadda ake nuna VTA dopamine neuron sakamakon a kwakwalwa.
“Lallai, mun tabbatar da cewa wakilcin aikin dan adam a cikin kwayar halitta a hakika ya canza ta hanyar VTA dopamine neuron activation. Idan muka kunna VTA dopamine neurons, hakan yana yin tasiri ga tsarin shigar jiki, motsa jiki, ”
ya jaddada Deisseroth. Tare, waɗannan sakamakon suna wakiltar wani ra'ayi mai zurfi game da abubuwan da ke haifar da yanayin halin halayyar ciki.
Duk da yake sakamakon yana da mahimmanci, Deisseroth, wanda kuma mai ilimin likita ne, yayi gargadin cewa rashin tausayi da sauran cututtukan ƙwayar cuta suna da wuyar ganewa, kuma suna bambanta daga haƙuri da haƙuri. Wadannan cututtukan cututtuka suna shawo kan matsalolin da ke cikin hanyoyi masu yawa, inji shi.
“Duk da haka, VTA dopamine circuitry da muka karanta tayi kama da juna a cikin rodents da mutane. Kuma mun nuna cewa ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin wannan da'irar musamman suna haifar da, gyara da kuma sanya alamomi iri daban-daban na baƙin ciki. Wannan babban ci gaba ne a fahimtarmu game da tushen ƙirar halitta na ɓacin rai da halaye masu alaƙa, tare da kyakkyawan tasirin tasirin binciken na gaba, ”
ya ce Deisseroth.
Binciken da aka yi a kwanan baya, wanda aka yi a makon jiya da masu bincike a Jami'ar Queensland a Australia sun gano mahimmanci akan dalilin da yasa motsa jiki na ƙaruwa yawan kwayoyin kwayoyin halitta wanda ke samar da sababbin kwayoyin jikinsu a cikin kwakwalwa wanda ya juyawa da karuwar yawancin shekarun dabbobi.
"Mun gano cewa Hormone Hormone (GH) da aka gano a matsayin asalin mai ciwo mai girma na ci gaban dabbobi yana karawa a cikin kwakwalwa na dabbobin da ke gudana kuma wannan yana taimakawa cigaban sabon kwayar halitta," "
Masanin kimiyyar QBI Dr Daniel Blackmore ya ce.
An gudanar da binciken a cikin tsofaffin ƙananan yara, wanda ya nuna nuna rashin fahimtar juna a matsayin mutane.
Idan kana so ka inganta halayyar kwarewarka, samun kwakwalwa mai kyau da kuma inganta yadda kake ji game da rayuwa, kazalika da rage PCOS bayyanar cututtuka ta inganta insulin sensibility, Amsar, sabili da haka, ya kasance a cikin fitowar rana da yin aikin!
Sources:
Gudhury, Dipesh. (2012-12-12) Tsarin hanzari na halin halayen ciki da kulawa da kula da ƙwayoyin tsakiya na tsakiya. Yanayi, 351. DOI: 10.1038 / nature11713
Tye, Kay M. (2012-12-12) Hanyoyi masu amfani da kwayoyin halitta sun hada da ƙananan kwalliya da kuma nuna halin halayyar ciki. Yanayi, 2877. DOI: 10.1038 / nature11740
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-12/sumc-rir121112.php
Blackmore DG, Vukovic J, Ruwa MJ, & Bartlett PF. (2012) GH Mediates Gudanar da aikin motsa jiki na SVZ Neural Precursor Cells in Mice Mice. PloS daya, 7 (11). PMID: 23209615
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