Tabbatacce na amfani da intanet a tsakanin 'yan makarantar sakandaren el-minia, egypt (2013)

Int J Prev Med. 2013 Dec; 4 (12): 1429-37.

Kamal NN , Mosallem FA.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Matsalar Amfani da Intanet (PIU) matsala ce da ke ƙara ta'azzara a tsakanin matasan Masar. An tsara wannan binciken ne don tantance yawan PIU a tsakanin ɗaliban makarantar sakandare a Jihar El-Minia da kuma tantance halayensu na mutum, na asibiti, da na zamantakewa.

MUTANE:

An yi amfani da nazarin ɓangaren ɓangare tsakanin samfurin bazuwar ɗaliban makarantar sakandare a cikin El-Minia Governorate. An tantance PIU ta hanyar 20-abu Gwajin Matasa na Intanet na Matasa (YIAT). An kuma tattara bayanai game da yanayin ƙasa, abincin abinci, da abubuwan da suka shafi lafiya. An yi amfani da nazarin ƙididdigar lissafi: An yi amfani da fakitin ilimin lissafi don Kimiyyar Zamani (SPSS-16). Chi-square test (X (2)), Fisher's Exact Test, da hanya guda ta bambance-bambancen (ANOVA) ana amfani dasu duk lokacin da, ya dace. Hakanan an yi amfani da nazarin rikice-rikicen rikice-rikice masu yawa don lissafin ƙididdigar rashin daidaito (OR).

Sakamakon:

Daga cikin ɗalibai 605, 16 (2.6%) sun kasance Masu Amfani da Intanet Masu Matsaloli (PIUs), 110 (18.2%) sun kasance Masu Yiwuwa (PIUs). Masu shekaru da yawa da ke fama da PIU suna da alaƙa da jinsin maza, dangantakar abokai marasa kyau, rashin kyakkyawar dangantaka ta iyali, rashin kwanciyar hankali na lokacin kwanciya, da rashin tsaftar jiki. PIUs sun fi fuskantar alamun jiki; ƙaruwar nauyi, taurin gaɓoɓi, rashin kuzarin jiki, da alamun motsin rai.

TAMBAYOYI:

Kwancen PIU da aka ruwaito a cikin wannan binciken ba shi da kyau, duk da haka, Tsarin Mai Rarraba Mai Girma yana da girma kuma an bada shawarar matakan da aka hana.

KEYWORDS:

Misira, ɗaliban sakandare, amfani da intanet mai matsala

GABATARWA

Intanet ta zama muhimmin kayan aiki don hulɗar zamantakewa, bayanai, da nishaɗi.[ 1 ] Duk da haka, yayin da intanet ta koma gidaje, makarantu, gidajen cin abinci na intanet, da kasuwanci, an sami karuwar wayar da kan jama'a game da illolin da ka iya tasowa daga yawan amfani da intanet, wanda ba shi da kyau ko kuma jaraba, wanda kuma wani yanayi ne da aka sani da kalmomi kamar Amfani da Intanet Mai Matsala (PIU), jarabar intanet, dogaro da intanet, da kuma amfani da intanet mai cututtuka.[ 2 ]

Musamman a tsakanin matasa, ana lura da cewa intanet na ƙara zama hanyar da ake samun sauƙin samu don dawo da bayanai, nishaɗi, da kuma hulɗa da jama'a.[ 3 ] Yayin da matasa ke ware lokutan da ke ƙaruwa don amfani da intanet, haɗarin kamuwa da rashin daidaituwar amfani da intanet (MIU), gami da yuwuwar PIU da PIU, yana da alaƙa.[ 4 ] Beard da Wolf sun bayyana PIU a matsayin amfani da intanet wanda ke haifar da matsalolin tunani, zamantakewa, makaranta, da/ko aiki a rayuwar mutum.[ 5 ]

Sharuɗɗan da aka gabatar don PIU da farko sun haɗa da: (1) Amfani da intanet mara iko, (2) amfani da intanet wanda ke da matukar damuwa, yana ɗaukar lokaci ko yana haifar da matsalolin zamantakewa, aiki, ko kuɗi, da kuma (3) amfani da intanet ba wai kawai yana faruwa a lokacin cututtukan hypomanic ko manic ba. [ 6 ] Saboda haka, ana ɗaukar PIU a matsayin rashin iyawar mutum na sarrafa amfani da intanet, don haka yana haifar da matsala mai yawa da/ko rashin aiki. [ 7 ] Ana bayyana PIU mai yuwuwa a matsayin amfani da intanet wanda ya cika wasu sharuɗɗan PIU. [ 8 ]

A duk duniya, an lura da yawan PIU tsakanin matasa da matasa tsakanin 0.9% [ 9 ] da 38%.[ 10 ] Kiyasin ƙasashen duniya na PIU na matasa ya bambanta sosai. A Turai, an ruwaito cewa yawan PIU ya kasance tsakanin 1% da 9% [ 11 ], a Gabas ta Tsakiya yawan kamuwa da cutar yana tsakanin 1% da 12%, [ 12 ] kuma a Asiya an ruwaito cewa yawan kamuwa da cutar yana tsakanin 2% da 18%.[ 13 ] A matsayin ɗaya daga cikin matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa da aka fi sani da matasa 'yan China, PIU a halin yanzu yana ƙara tsananta.[ 14 ]

Mummunan tasirin PIU ya fara bayyana a hankali. Kwanan nan, bincike da yawa sun nuna cewa yin amfani da intanet yana da alaƙa da matsaloli iri-iri. Masu amfani da intanet masu haɗari suna da halayen abinci marasa dacewa da kuma rashin ingancin abinci mai kyau, wanda zai iya haifar da raguwar girma da ci gaba. [ 15 ] PIU kuma yana da alaƙa da wasu halaye na jaraba na mutum na shan taba, shan barasa ko kofi, da shan ƙwayoyi. [ 16 ] Amfani da intanet a cikin matasa yana da alaƙa da alamun tabin hankali masu tsanani, [ 17 ] da matsalolin hulɗa da mutane. [ 18 ]

manufofi

Babban manufar karatun yanzu shine tantancewar yawan PIU tsakanin ɗaliban makarantar sakandare a cikin El-Minia Governorate. Manufar sakandare ita ce bincika yiwuwar abubuwan haɗari don PIU tsakanin ɗaliban makarantar sakandare a cikin El-Minia Governorate.

MODANE

Saitunan da zane

An gudanar da wannan binciken ne a watan Janairu-Maris 2012, a gwamna El-Minia. Wannan gwamna tana ɗaya daga cikin Manyan Masarautar Goma kuma tana da nisan kilomita 240 zuwa kudancin Alkahira. Nazari ne na kwasa-kwasan bangaranci don tantance rashi da ƙaddara game da PIU tsakanin ɗaliban matasa matasa a makarantu daban-daban na El-Minia.

Girma samfurin da samfurin zane

A cikin gwaminatin El-Minia, akwai manyan makarantun 85 daban-daban. Daga waɗannan makarantun, an zaɓi makarantu guda huɗu da kullun don ɗaukar nauyin samfurin duka (makarantun yara maza biyu da makarantun 'yan mata biyu). An ƙididdige samfurin samfurin 574 ta amfani da EPI Information 2000 shigar matsakaicin ƙididdigar PIU 3% "dangane da binciken matukin jirgi wanda aka gudanar akan ɗaliban makarantar sakandare na 50 waɗanda ba a haɗa su a babban binciken ba" da kuma yawan ɗaliban makarantar sakandare kamar 12,283 da matakin amincewa a 99.99%. Don la'akari da rashin amsawa, an tuntuɓi ɗaliban 620 kuma na waɗannan, 605 sun yarda su shiga cikin binciken.

Kayan nazarin

An tattara bayanai ta hanyar amfani da hanyar bincike kai tsaye. Tambayarmu ta cika a cikin tsaran mintuna na 20-30 a cikin aji a gaban malamai don rage duk wata ma'ana ta nuna wariya.

data collection

Tambayoyin sun fara ne da bayanan alƙaluma game da kowane mahalarta, sannan sai bayanai na iyali, abinci da kuma lafiya. An yi amfani da Jarrabawar Intanet ta Matasa (YIAT) don tantance PIU. YIAT ya ƙunshi abubuwa 20 don kimanta matakin damuwa, amfani da ƙarfi, matsalolin ɗabi'a, canje-canjen motsin rai, da raguwar aiki da ke da alaƙa da amfani da intanet. Kowane abu an ci shi daga 1 zuwa 5, tare da 1 yana wakiltar "ba kwata-kwata" da 5 yana wakiltar "koyaushe". Saboda haka, jimillar maki mai yiwuwa ya kama daga 20 zuwa 100. An yi amfani da waɗannan maki na yankewa ga jimlar maki na YIAT (1) Amfani da Intanet na yau da kullun: Maki 20-49; (2) Maki Mai Yiwuwa: Maki 50-79; (3) PIUs: Maki 80-100. [ 19 ] An bayyana MIU a tsakanin waɗanda ke da PIU ko PIU mai yuwuwa. [ 20 ]

Abubuwan da suka dace a cikin Yanci da Gudanarwa

An samu izini na hukuma daga hukumomi masu dacewa don ci gaba da binciken. Kafin fara binciken, an samu amincewar ɗabi'a daga Kwamitin Nazarin Ka'idodin Kimiyya na Jami'ar El-Minia, Malami na Medicine. An samu izini na hukuma daga Gudanar da Ilimin Sakandare da kuma daga Manager na kowace makaranta kafin tattara bayanai. Kari akan haka, an samu izinin sanarwa daga kowane mahalarta. An yi bayanin makasudin binciken ga duk mahalarta kuma an tabbatar da tsayayyen sirrin sirri da kuma baiyanawa kafin a ci gaba da hirar.

Aikace-aikacen ilimin lissafi

An yi nazarin dukkan bayanai ta amfani da manhajar Kididdiga ta Kimiyyar Zamani (SPSS-16). An yi nazarin bayanai kan dukkan masu canji da kuma yadda PIU ke yaduwa. An yi amfani da gwajin Chi-square ( X 2 ), gwajin Fisher's Exact Test da kuma nazarin bambancin hanya ɗaya (ANOVA) a duk lokacin da ya dace. An kuma yi amfani da nazarin koma-baya na dabaru da yawa don ƙididdige rabon rashin daidaito (OR) da 95% CI na abubuwan da ke ƙayyade jarabar intanet tsakanin ɗalibai. An yi amfani da P <0.05 a matsayin ma'anar mahimmancin ƙididdiga.

Sakamakon

Daga cikin ɗaliban da aka yi nazari a kansu ( n = 605), akwai ɗalibai maza 396 (65.5%) da ɗalibai mata 209 (34.5%). Matsakaicin shekaru ± karkacewar daidaito (SD) na matasa masu PIU bai bambanta sosai da na takwarorinsu na yau da kullun masu amfani da Intanet ba (shekaru 16.9 ± 0.3 vs. 16.49 ± 0.8, F = 2.4, P = 0.09). An gano kimanin 2.6% (16) a matsayin PIUs kuma maza sun ƙunshi 87.5% a cikinsu, yayin da aka gano 110 (18.2%) a matsayin PIUs masu yuwuwa kuma yawancinsu maza ne (70%). Yawancin PIUs ubanninsu suna da aikin ƙwararru (93.7%) kuma uwayensu mata ne (68.7%). Shekarun farko na amfani da intanet ya kasance a tsakanin ɗaliban PIU fiye da masu amfani da intanet na yau da kullun (12.2 ± 1.9 vs. 13.25 ± 1.9, F = 3.5, P = 0.03). Dangane da wuraren da ake samun damar shiga intanet, yawancin mahalarta sun mallaki kuma suna amfani da kwamfutoci akai-akai a gidajensu da matasa masu PIU sun fi samun damar shiga intanet ta hanyar hanyar shiga gidansu idan aka kwatanta da masu amfani da intanet na yau da kullun [ Tebur 1 ].

Table 1  

Abubuwan zamantakewar zamantakewar zamantakewar al'umma bisa ga matakin jita-jitar intanet a tsakanin ɗalibai

Kamar yadda aka nuna a Table 2, PIU yana da dangantaka mai mahimmanci tare da jerin masu canji: Ƙananan abokai na zamantakewa (62.8% vs. 19.8%, X2 = 40.6, P = 0.001), mummunan dangantaka tsakanin dangi (43.8% vs. 20.3%, X2 = 5.2, P = 0.07), kwanakin kwanciya ba bisa doka ba (62.5% vs. 2.5%, Tabbataccen Gwajin Fisher = 189, P = 0.0001), da kuma rashin lafiyar mutum (50% vs. 16.7%, X2 = 26.7, P = 0.0001). Bugu da ƙari, yawancin matasa da ke ɗauke da PIU suna bada kyakkyawar aikin koyarwa ta ilimi fiye da haka daga masu amfani da yanar gizo na al'ada (6.5% vs. 20.9%, X2 = 16.2, P = 0.03).

Table 2  

Abubuwan da ke cikin gidan rayuwa bisa tushen jita-jita na intanet a cikin ɗalibai

Yawancin PIUs sun amsa cewa an canza halayensu na cin abinci don samun ƙananan girman abinci, rashin cin abinci mai kyau, da saurin cin abinci fiye da masu amfani da Intanet na yau da kullun ( X 2 = 43.4, P = 0.001, X 2 = 32.6, P = 0.001, da X 2 = 13.01, P = 0.01, bi da bi). PIUs suna da kaso mafi girma na tsallake karin kumallo (62.5% vs. 33.4%, X 2 = 6.6, P = 0.03) kamar yadda aka nuna a Tebur 3.

Table 3  

Hanyoyin abinci na yau da kullum dangane da irin jita-jitar yanar gizo a tsakanin ɗaliban

Table 4 ya nuna yawan yawan cututtuka na jiki da na tunanin juna a tsakanin matasan da ke da PIU, mai yiwuwa PIU, da kuma amfani da yanar-gizo na al'ada. Idan aka kwatanta da amfani da yanar-gizo na al'ada, matasa da PIU sun fi fama da bayyanar cututtukan jiki; riba mai karɓa (31.2% vs. 15.9%, X2 = 8.5, P = 0.01), haɗin gwiwa (12.5% vs. 2.9%, X2 = 6.3, P = 0.04), rashin ƙarfin jiki (43.7% vs. 24.6%, X2 = 14.9, P = 0.001), ciwon baya (62.5% vs. 39.5%, X2 = 5.7, P = 0.05), nau'in ido (62.5% vs. 34.03%, X2 = 18.6, P = 0.0001), da kuma tunanin abin da ya faru; jin zafi (25% vs. 5.6%, X2 = 22.1, P = 0.001), jin dadi (68.7% vs. 12.1%, X2 = 85.1, P = 0.001), euphoric (18.7% vs. 5.4%, X2 = 17.7, P = 0.001), da kuma damuwa (6.25% vs. 8.03%, X2 = 9.17, P = 0.01).

Table 4  

Harkokin lafiyar jiki da tunanin tunanin da ke haifar da amfani da intanet a tsakanin dalibai

Abubuwan da ke tantance yiwuwar PIU da PIU: Binciken tsarin dabaru masu yawa [ Tebur 5 ] ya nuna cewa aikin uba na ƙwararru, rashin kyawun dangantakar iyali, jinsi na maza, da kuma iyakantattun abokai na zamantakewa suna da alaƙa da yuwuwar PIU da PIU.

Table 5  

Ɗauki na sharudda masu amfani da labaru na multinomial don gano masu ƙwarewar intanet a cikin ɗalibai

DISCUSSION

Intanet muhimmin kayan aiki ne na zamantakewa da sadarwa, kuma yana canza rayuwarmu ta yau da kullun a gida da kuma a wurin aiki. Babu shakka wasu masu amfani da Intanet suna fuskantar matsaloli.[ 21 ] Babu wani bincike na cututtuka kan PIU gabaɗaya ko kuma a lokacin samartaka a Masar. Dangane da waɗannan binciken, an gudanar da wannan binciken ne domin tantance yawan PIU tsakanin ɗaliban makarantar sakandare da kuma tantance halayen PIU na mutum, na asibiti, na iyali, da na zamantakewa tsakanin matasa.

Mahalarta binciken ɗaliban makarantar sakandare 605 ne. Yawancin mahalarta sun mallaki kuma suna yawan amfani da kwamfutoci a gidajensu. An gano nau'ikan masu amfani da intanet guda uku a cikin wannan binciken: PIUs na yau da kullun, masu yuwuwar PIU, da PIUs. Yaɗuwar PIU tsakanin matasa shine 2.6%, wanda ke da alaƙa da wanda wasu bincike suka ruwaito game da amfani da intanet tsakanin ɗalibai a duk duniya; kamar PIU shine 1% a Girka [ 1 ], 4% a Koriya ta Kudu, [ 22 ] 3.1% a Finland, [ 23 ] 4.2% a Lebanon, [ 24 ] da 4.6% a Ostiraliya. [ 25 ] Kashi mafi ƙanƙanta ana iya danganta shi da ƙarancin damar shiga kwamfuta/Intanet tsakanin matasan birane na Masar. Duk da haka, bambance-bambancen ƙasashen duniya game da yawan PIU ana iya danganta shi da nuna son kai da rashin daidaiton ƙasashen duniya ya haifar dangane da ma'anar da kimanta PIU [ 26 ] da kuma ga samfura daban-daban da mahallin zamantakewa. Bugu da ƙari, a cikin mutanen da aka yi binciken da aka yi wa kimanin kashi 18.2% na matasa an gano su da PIU mai yuwuwa wanda ya ɗan yi ƙasa da abin da aka samu a wani binciken; cewa an gano kusan kashi ɗaya cikin biyar (19.4%) na matasa da PIU mai yuwuwa. [ 4 ]

Nazarin da aka gudanar ya nuna cewa jinsi a matsayin abin da ke hasashen PIU. Binciken da aka yi a baya ya gano cewa maza masu amfani da intanet sun fi kamuwa da PIU.[ 1 ] Sabanin haka, wani bincike ya yi iƙirarin cewa mata sun fi kamuwa da PIU fiye da maza.[ 27 ] Duk da haka, wani bincike ya gano babu wani bambancin jinsi dangane da jarabar intanet (IA).[ 28 ] Wannan binciken ya goyi bayan wallafe-wallafen gabaɗaya cewa maza sun fi kamuwa da PIU kuma dalilin hakan na iya zama cewa maza sun fi kamuwa da PIU, sun fi shiga wasannin intanet, sun shiga harkar intanet, da kuma yin caca ta intanet.

A cewar masana kimiyya na Koriya, dalilan PIU ba wai kawai suna da asali na yau da kullun ba, har ma da alƙaluma da tattalin arziki.[ 11 ] Wannan binciken ya tabbatar da hakan ta hanyar gano cewa aikin iyaye da ɗaliban da ke da 'yan'uwa da yawa sun fi fuskantar haɗarin PIU.

Wannan binciken ya nuna cewa matasan PIU a wurin sun fi fuskantar matsalolin hulɗa da mutane, domin PIU ya fi yawa a tsakanin matasa waɗanda ke da mummunan abokai na zamantakewa da kuma dangantakar iyali. Masu bincike sun bayyana cewa yawan amfani da intanet a tsakanin matasa yana sa su ji kaɗaici, yana haifar da matsaloli, kuma yana haifar da mummunan dangantaka tsakanin iyali da abokai. [ 29 ] Babban rikici tsakanin iyaye da matasa ya annabta PIU a cikin matasa; yayin da matasan da ke da babban rikici da iyayensu suka ƙi bin kulawar iyayensu, gami da ƙa'idodin da aka tsara don amfani da Intanet. [ 30 ]

Masu amfani da intanet masu haɗari sun ruwaito yanayin barci mara tsari da kuma yawan lokutan da suka shafi barci fiye da masu amfani da intanet marasa haɗari. Wannan ya yi daidai da wani bincike da aka yi a baya kan matasan Koriya wanda ya nuna cewa PIU yana da alaƙa da rashin barci, apnea, da kuma mafarki mai ban tsoro.[ 31 ] Amfani da intanet da daddare na iya haifar da rashin barci da gajiya, wanda zai iya yin mummunan tasiri ga aikin ilimi kuma zai iya haifar da koma baya ga yanayin barci da rashin kyawun aikin ilimi.[ 32 ]

A cikin wannan binciken, PIU ya fi yawa a tsakanin matasa waɗanda ke da dabi'ar daina karin kumallo. Wannan binciken ya yi kama da abin da ya dace tunda PIU tana tashi da daddare kuma tana iya tashi da latti don karin kumallo.[ 33 ] Yawan cin maciji na iya danganta da tsallake abinci, an lura da yawan cin abinci a cikin PIUs fiye da masu amfani da intanet na yau da kullun. Bugu da ƙari, abincin da aka fi so daga cikin mahalarta mu shine abinci mai sauri, wanda abinci ne mara abinci mai gina jiki tare da adadin kuzari mai yawa wanda mai da sukari mai sauƙi ke bayarwa amma tare da ƙarancin wasu abubuwan gina jiki kamar bitamin da ma'adanai. Don haka PIUs suna da halayen abinci marasa kyau waɗanda zasu iya shafar ci gaban su da ci gaban su. Wannan ya yi daidai da wani bincike da aka gano cewa PIU tana da mafi ƙarancin cin abinci akai-akai, wanda ke nuna yawan cin maciji fiye da na masu amfani da Intanet na yau da kullun.[ 15 ]

Yara da matasa suna da haɗarin kamuwa da mummunan tasirin PIU fiye da manya saboda rashin cikakkiyar tsarin ci gaba. Bincikenmu ya gano cewa matasa masu PIU sun fi fuskantar alamun jiki, kamar rashin kuzarin jiki (ɗalibai na iya yin kama da sun gaji sosai ko kuma suna barci a aji saboda zaman intanet na dare), canjin yanayin barci, [ 34 ] ciwon baya, da kuma ciwon ido sakamakon dogon lokacin da ake amfani da kwamfuta a zaune. An ruwaito cewa wannan haɗarin ya ƙaru sakamakon yawan amfani da Intanet da kwamfuta. [ 35 ] PIUs na iya samun damuwa, janyewa, ko damuwa sakamakon tasirin jiki da na tunani na PIU. [ 36 ]

Sau da yawa kuma PIUs suna rabuwa da iyalansu, abokansu, da ayyukan zamantakewa kuma suna zaɓar su yi amfani da mafi yawan lokacinsu su kaɗai. Wannan binciken ya nuna cewa aikin ƙwararru na uba, da kuma rashin kyakkyawar alaƙar iyali su ne abin da ya fi haifar da haɗarin PIU, waɗannan sakamakon na iya nuna alaƙa tsakanin rashin kyawun tsarin tallafin zamantakewa da PIU.[ 37 ]

An gano wasu yiwuwar rashin yiwuwar a wannan binciken. Na farko, wannan binciken shi ne binciken nazarin giciye, sabili da haka, ba zamu iya tabbatar da ƙungiyoyi masu haɗaka tsakanin PIU da sakamakonta ba. Na biyu, tambayoyin da aka ruwaito shi ne da kansa kuma yana iya tunawa ko bayar da rahoto. Na uku, tun lokacin da aka gudanar da bincike a lokacin aji, akwai yiwuwar cewa wasu dalibai, musamman wadanda ke da PIU, ba su halarci aji ba a lokacin da ake gudanar da tambayoyin. Saboda haka, binciken zai iya kasancewa a karkashin wakilcin PIU ta hanyar kasa rubuta rikodin wadanda suke cinyewa ta intanit wanda basu iya barin ɗakunan su ba, saboda haka ya haifar da rashin fahimta game da karuwar PIU. Nazarin karatu na gaba ya kamata yayi ƙoƙari wajen ƙaddamar da aiwatar da matakai na rigakafi, da kuma ci gaba da hanyoyin kulawa ga PIU.

KAMMALAWA

BABU ba abu ne mai ban sha'awa ba a tsakanin daliban makarantar sakandaren Masar. Matasan da ke tare da PIU suna da ƙwarewa don bayar da rahoto ga dangantaka ta zamantakewa da iyali, da kuma inganta haɗari ga wasu matsalolin lafiyar jiki da na tunanin.

Yabo

Har ila yau malamai da malaman makaranta suna buƙatar ganewa da lalacewa da kuma matsalolin da ke da alaka da amfani da intanet da yawa don rigakafin wuri. Har ila yau wajibi ne don sa matasa da iyayensu su san abubuwan da ke tattare da halayen PIU kuma su kula da sakamakon da aka haɗa da ita.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Masu marubuta suna so su ba da cikakken godiya ga dukan daliban da suka halarci binciken, kuma suka ba da lokaci don amsa tambayoyinmu.

Bayanan kalmomi

Tushen Tallafi: Babu

 

Rikici na Sha'awa: Babu wanda aka ayyana

nassoshi

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