Abstract
Manufofi Don bincika shaidun illoli da fa'idodi da suka shafi lokacin da aka ɓata a kan allo don lafiyar yara da matasa (CYP), don sanar da manufofi.
Hanyoyi Bita na tsari na bita da aka yi don amsa tambayar 'Menene shaidar tasirin lafiya da walwala na lokacin allo a cikin yara da matasa (CYP)?' An nemi bayanan lantarki don bita na tsari a watan Fabrairun 2018. Bita masu cancanta sun ba da rahoton alaƙa tsakanin lokaci akan allo (lokacin allo; kowane nau'i) da duk wani sakamako na lafiya/lafiya a cikin CYP. An tantance ingancin bita kuma an kimanta ƙarfin shaidu a cikin bita.
Sakamako An gano bita 13 (1 mai inganci, 9 matsakaici da 3 ƙarancin inganci). 6 sun magance tsarin jiki; 3 abinci/ƙarfin jiki; 7 lafiyar kwakwalwa; 4 haɗarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini; 4 don dacewa; 3 don barci; 1 ciwo; 1 asma. Mun sami shaidu masu ƙarfi na alaƙa tsakanin lokacin allo da yawan kiba/ƙari da alamun damuwa; matsakaici shaida don alaƙa tsakanin lokacin allo da yawan shan kuzari, ƙarancin ingancin abinci mai kyau da rashin ingancin rayuwa. Akwai shaidu marasa ƙarfi na alaƙar lokacin allo da matsalolin ɗabi'a, damuwa, yawan aiki da rashin kulawa, ƙarancin girman kai, rashin walwala da rashin lafiyar zamantakewa, rashin lafiyar metabolism, rashin lafiyar zuciya da numfashi, rashin ci gaban fahimta da ƙarancin cimma ilimi da rashin sakamako na barci. Babu ko isasshen shaida don alaƙar lokacin allo da matsalolin cin abinci ko tunanin kashe kai, abubuwan da ke haifar da haɗarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, yawan asma ko ciwo. Shaida don tasirin iyaka ba ta da ƙarfi. Mun sami shaida mai rauni cewa ƙaramin adadin amfani da allon allo a kowace rana ba shi da illa kuma yana iya samun wasu fa'idodi.
Kammalawa Akwai shaida cewa yawan lokacin kallon batsa yana da alaƙa da illolin lafiya iri-iri ga CYP, tare da shaidar da ta fi ƙarfi ga rashin ci, abinci mara kyau, alamun damuwa da ingancin rayuwa. Shaidar da za ta jagoranci manufofi kan fallasa CYP a lokacin kallon batsa tana da iyaka.
Ƙarfi da ƙuntatawa na wannan binciken
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An gudanar da nazari na ainihi na sake dubawa a cikin bayanai na lantarki da dama ta amfani da hanyar da aka tsara.
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Ya ƙunshi kawai nazarin da aka bayar da rahotanni kai tsaye daga daban-daban na al'ada.
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Binciken da aka yi amfani dashi na darajar inganci da nauyin shaidar taimako don sanya ƙarfin shaida ga binciken.
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Hanyoyin da suka hada da sake dubawa sun kasance masu tsaka-tsaka ko ƙananan, rinjaye ta nazarin talabijin na talabijin, tare da rikici mai yawan gaske kai tsaye.
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Bayanin da aka yi amfani da allon wayar hannu yana da iyakancewa sosai kuma bamu binciken bai magance abun ciki ko mahallin kallon allo ba.
Gabatarwa
Allon, ko kwamfutar, wayar hannu, kwamfutar hannu ko talabijin, alama ce ta zamani ta zamani. Ga 'ya'yanmu,' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' wadanda suka girma da ke kewaye da bayanan digital da nishadi akan fuska, lokaci a fuska (screentime) babban ɓangaren rayuwar yau.
Duk da haka, ana ci gaba da nuna damuwa game da tasirin allon fuska ga lafiyar yara da matasa (CYP). Akwai shaida cewa lokacin allo yana da alaƙa da kiba, tare da shawarwari kan hanyoyin da za a iya amfani da su wajen ƙara yawan kuzari, 1 canja wurin lokacin da ake da shi don motsa jiki 2 ko fiye kai tsaye ta hanyar rage yawan metabolism. 3 Akwai kuma shaida cewa yawan lokacin allo yana da alaƙa da illa ga rashin jin daɗi, ƙarancin yanayi da ci gaban fahimta da motsin rai, wanda ke haifar da rashin aikin ilimi. 4
Saboda waɗannan damuwa, ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru sun ba da shawarar sarrafa lokacin allo ga yara. A shekarar 2016, Cibiyar Nazarin Yara ta Amurka ta ba da shawarar iyakance lokacin allo ga yara 'yan shekara 2-5 zuwa awa 1 a rana na shirye-shirye masu inganci, kuma iyaye su iyakance lokacin allo bisa ga yarjejeniyar CYP 'yan shekara 6 zuwa sama. 5 Ƙungiyar Kula da Yara ta Kanada ta fitar da irin wannan jagorori a shekarar 2017. 6
Duk da haka, an yi suka kan jagororin ƙwararru a matsayin waɗanda ba su da tushe, 7 a matsayin shaidar tasirin lokacin allo akan lafiya ba ta daidaita ba, tare da sake dubawa na tsari yana nuna sakamakon da bai dace ba. 8–11 Wannan na iya zama saboda rashin raba lokacin allo daga halayen da ba na allo ba waɗanda ke da ƙarancin motsi na jiki da kashe kuzari. Hakanan yana iya zama saboda gazawar raba abubuwan da ke cikin lokacin allo daga abubuwan da ake kallo akan allo. Wasu sun yi jayayya cewa kafofin watsa labarai na dijital na allo suna da yuwuwar fa'idodi masu mahimmanci na lafiya, zamantakewa da fahimta kuma cewa an wuce gona da iri kan lahani. Wata ƙungiyar masana kimiyya kwanan nan ta yi jayayya cewa saƙonnin da ke nuna cewa allon allo yana da illa ba a tallafa masa ta hanyar bincike da shaida mai ƙarfi ba. 12 Wasu sun lura cewa fannoni na ilimi da masana'antu galibi suna haɓaka faɗaɗa amfani da na'urorin dijital ta CYP. 13
Manufar mu shine mu bincika bayanan da aka yi game da sakamakon lokacin da aka yi amfani da fuska kan lafiyar da zamantakewa tsakanin CYP. Binciken na yau da kullum game da sake dubawa (RoR ko labarun kulawa) sun dace da sauri don haɓaka ƙarfin shaida a fadin wani wuri mai ma'ana don jagorantar manufofin. Saboda haka mun dauki RoR na sakamakon kullun kowane nau'i a kan lafiyar CYP da zaman lafiya.
Hanyar
Mun yi nazari mai tsari kan bita da aka buga a tsarin da aka tsara, hanyoyin bayar da rahoto da kuma sakamakon binciken ta amfani da Abubuwan Rahoton da aka Fi So don Bita Mai Tsari da Takaitaccen Bayani. 14 An yi rijistar bita tare da rajistar PROSPERO na bita mai tsari (lambar rajista CRD42018089483).
Bincika tambaya
Tambayarmu ta mujallar ta ce, 'Menene shaidun lafiyar da jin daɗin lafiyar yara da yara?'
Bincike dabarun
Mun bincika bayanai na lantarki (Medline, Embase, PsycINFO da CINAHL) a cikin Fabrairu 2018. Mun yi amfani da shafukan bincike a Madina kamar haka: '(yaron YA yarinyar ko yarinya KO matasa) DA (lokacin allo ko talabijin KO KOYA KO SABARIN SABARI KO SABARIN SABARI) DA lafiya', tare da nau'in wallafe-wallafe da aka iyakance ga 'nazarin tsarin, tare da ko ba tare da meta-bincike '. Ana amfani da waɗannan sharuɗɗan bincike a wasu bayanan bayanan. Ba mu iyakance karatunmu ta hanyar kwanan wata ko harshe ba. An gano matakan da aka dace don neman karin karin bayanai.
Ka'idojin cancanta
Mun haɗa kawai da ƙayyadaddun bita wanda ya cika ka'idodi masu cancanta:
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Bincike da kuma bincikar wallafe-wallafe ta hanyar amfani da ladabi da aka tsara.
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Yara da yara masu bincike daga 0 zuwa shekaru 18. Binciken da aka fi sani da yaran da ke ba da damar bayanai game da yara / matasa daban sun cancanci.
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An kiyasta kuma an bayar da rahoto game da kariya, wato, lokacin da ake amfani da shi akan fuska na kowane nau'i, ciki har da rahoton kai ko auna / kiyaye matakai.
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Binciken lafiya da jin dadin jiki ya shafi yara ko matasa.
Mun cire bita wanda ba a bayyana cikakkiyar fuska ba ko kuma lokacin da ba a rabu da fuska daga wasu nau'i na al'ada ba, misali, zaune yayin magana / aikin gida / karatu, lokacin da aka kashe a cikin mota, da sauransu. amma sakamakon binciken da ake yi na screentime dabam zuwa wasu nau'i na hali na sedentary, waɗannan sun haɗa. Duk da haka, ba a haɗa da dubawa da ba su raba kullun daga wasu al'ada ba. Inda mawallafa sun sake nazari wanda ya hada da duk binciken da ya gabata, mun haɗa da bayanan baya don kauce wa kwafi.
Zaɓin binciken
An nuna jadawalin tantancewa da zaɓi na nazari a cikin hoto na 1. An sake duba taken da taƙaitaccen bayani kuma an gano labaran da suka cancanci bayan an cire kwafi. An sake duba taƙaitaccen bayani na labarai 389 kuma an gano labarai 161 waɗanda suka cancanci waɗanda suka yi kama da sun cika sharuɗɗan cancanta. Bayan sake duba cikakken rubutu don tantance cancantar ƙarshe, an haɗa sharhi 13 a cikin wannan bita. Halayen sharhin da aka haɗa an nuna su a cikin tebur na 1.
Figure 1
Jadawalin kwarara don bita.
Table 1
Abubuwan da suka hada da bincike
Bayanan bayanai
An gano samfurori masu fasali da kuma sakamakon wani mahimman ƙira-mahimmanci da aka samo a cikin takardun shaida ta NS kuma an duba cikakke ta hanyar RV.
Bincike na inganci
An tantance ingancin sake dubawa na tsari, gami da haɗarin nuna son kai ta amfani da sigar da aka daidaita ta Kimanta Ingancin Bita na Tsarin Tsarin (AMSTAR). 15 Mun siffanta sake dubawa a matsayin babban, matsakaici ko ƙarancin inganci. Ana buƙatar sake dubawa masu inganci su sami waɗannan: samar da tsare-tsare da aka buga a baya (misali, ƙa'idodi da aka buga ko kuma sun sami amincewar kwamitin ɗabi'a); bincika aƙalla bayanan bayanai guda biyu na littafi tare da gudanar da wani yanayi na bincike; bincika rahotanni ba tare da la'akari da nau'in bugawa ba; an jera kuma an bayyana binciken da aka haɗa; an yi amfani da aƙalla mutane biyu don cire bayanai; an rubuta girman da ingancin binciken da aka haɗa kuma an yi amfani da shi don sanar da haɗarsu; an tattara binciken da aka tattara ta hanyar labarai ko ƙididdiga; an tantance yuwuwar nuna son kai na bugawa kuma an haɗa da bayanin rikice-rikicen sha'awa. An buƙaci sake dubawa na matsakaici don samun: bincika aƙalla bayanai ɗaya; an jera kuma an bayyana binciken da aka haɗa; an rubuta ingancin binciken da aka haɗa da kuma an tattara binciken da aka haɗa ta hanyar labarai ko ƙididdiga. An bayyana sake dubawa ba su cika waɗannan sharuɗɗan a matsayin ƙarancin inganci ba. Lura cewa ba mu nemi tantance ingancin karatun farko da aka haɗa a cikin kowane bita ba.
Bayanan bayanai da kuma matakan daidaitawa
Harshen ya fara ne ta taƙaita sakamakon binciken da ƙarshe a cikin takardar bayanin. Bayanan sun hada da yankin kiwon lafiya: jiki abun ciki (ciki har da adiposity); rage cin abinci da makamashi; lafiyar tunani da jin dadin rayuwa; na zuciya na zuciya; dacewa; cognition, ci gaba da ilimi ilimi; barci; zafi da kuma asma. Mun yi la'akari ko ka'idodin bayanan da aka yi ta nazari ya kasance daidai, alal misali, la'akari da ƙwarewar da aka tsara da kuma kaya. Mun lura da ƙididdigar meta da aka gudanar a cikin dubawa dabam zuwa binciken binciken. Mun lura da sakamakon bincike na kashi-amsa inda ya dace. Ba mu yi ƙoƙari don taƙaita abubuwan da aka gano ba a yayin dubawa kamar yadda aka yi mahimmanci taƙaitaccen rahoto a matakin nazarin mutum maimakon a matakin nazari.
Sai muka taƙaita sakamakon binciken a kowace fanni bisa ga ƙarfin shaida gabaɗaya dangane da daidaiton sakamakon binciken a cikin bita daban-daban, ingancin bita, ƙirar binciken da aka haɗa da kuma yadda aka tantance sakamakon. A cikin wannan mun yi nufin rage abin da ake kira ƙidayar ƙuri'a, wato, ba a ƙididdige adadin binciken da ke ba da rahoton sakamako masu kyau da marasa kyau ba tare da la'akari da girmansu da ingancinsu ba. Madadin haka mun auna sakamakon bisa ga girman da ingancin bita (kamar yadda AMSTAR ta tantance) da kuma ƙirar binciken farko. 16 A cikin taƙaita sakamakon binciken a cikin bita, mun bayyana shaida mai ƙarfi a matsayin shaida mai daidaito na wata ƙungiya da aka ruwaito ta hanyar bita mai inganci da yawa, shaida mai ƙarfi a matsayin shaida mai daidaito a cikin bita mai inganci da yawa, shaida mai matsakaici a matsayin shaida mai daidaito a cikin bita mai inganci da yawa da shaida mai rauni kamar wakiltar wasu shaidu daga bita mai matsakaici ko shaida mai daidaito daga bita mai inganci. 15
Hanyar haƙuri
Marasa lafiya ko jama'a ba su da hannu cikin fahimta ko aiwatar da wannan bincike.
results
An nuna halayen bita 13 da aka haɗa a cikin tebur na 1 tare da kimanta inganci don bita da aka haɗa da aka nuna a tebur na 2. Kason nazarin da aka yi a kowace bita wanda aka haɗa a cikin wasu bita ya kasance daga 0% zuwa 22%. Tebur na 3 yana nuna taswirar bita zuwa yankunan sakamako ta hanyar nau'in inganci. Manufofin da yawa daga cikin bita da aka haɗa sun yi karo kuma bita da yawa sun yi la'akari da sakamako da yawa. Akwai bita shida waɗanda suka yi la'akari da alaƙar lokacin allo da ma'aunin kayan jiki (gami da kiba), uku don abinci da shan kuzari, bakwai don sakamakon da ya shafi lafiyar kwakwalwa, gami da girman kai da ingancin rayuwa, huɗu don haɗarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, huɗu don motsa jiki, uku don barci da ɗaya kowannensu don ciwo da asma. Bita mai inganci kawai an iyakance shi ga haɗarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini. Mun bayyana sakamakon ta hanyar yanki a ƙasa.
Jirgin jikin
Shaidun da suka dace game da ƙungiyoyi tsakanin masu zanga-zangar da kuma mafi girma da aka samu a cikin ƙididdiga masu kyau guda biyar da kuma kwarewa maras kyau.
Cikakken gani
A cikin bita mai matsakaicin inganci, Costigan et al 8 sun ba da rahoton cewa nazarin 32/33, gami da nazarin 7/8 tare da ƙarancin haɗarin nuna bambanci, sun gano alaƙa mai ƙarfi tsakanin lokacin allo da matsayin nauyi; van Ekris et al 11 sun ba da rahoton shaida mai ƙarfi game da alaƙar da ke tsakanin lokacin allo da ma'aunin nauyin jiki (BMI) ko BMI z-score bisa ga bincike biyu masu inganci da kuma shaida matsakaici don alaƙa da kiba/kiba a cikin bincike uku masu ƙarancin inganci kuma Carson et al 17 sun ba da rahoton alaƙa mai ƙarfi tsakanin lokacin allo da rashin kyawun tsarin jiki (kiba ko BMI mafi girma ko kiba) a cikin nazarin 11/13 na tsawon lokaci, nazarin kula da shari'o'i 4/4 da nazarin 26/36 na giciye.
A cikin wani bita mai ƙarancin inganci, Duch et al 9 sun ba da rahoton alaƙa mai kyau tsakanin lokacin allo da BMI a cikin nazarin 4/4.
Gidan talabijin na Television
Mafi yawan binciken da aka gudanar sun shafi lokacin kallon talabijin. Tremblay da abokan aikinsa 10 sun ba da rahoton alaƙar matsakaiciya tsakanin lokacin kallon talabijin da ma'aunin kiba, wanda aka gano a cikin nazarin 94/119 na sassan jiki da kuma nazarin 19/28 na tsawon lokaci. van Ekris da abokan aikinsa sun ba da rahoton wata shaida mai ƙarfi game da kyakkyawar alaƙa tsakanin lokacin kallon talabijin da yawan kiba/kiba a tsawon lokaci a cikin bincike uku masu inganci da kuma a cikin bincike uku marasa inganci. Carson da abokan aikinsa sun ba da rahoton cewa rashin kyawun kiba yana da alaƙa da lokacin kallon talabijin a cikin nazarin 14/16 na tsawon lokaci, nazarin 2/2 na yanayin kula da lafiya da kuma nazarin 58/71 na sassan jiki. LeBlanc da abokan aikinsa 18 sun ba da rahoton cewa ana iya ganin alaƙar da ke tsakanin lokacin kallon talabijin da ma'aunin kiba mara kyau a kowane zamani, amma ingancin shaidar ya yi ƙasa ga jarirai kuma matsakaici ga yara ƙanana da yara ƙanana.
Sharhi guda biyu sun ba da rahoton nazarin meta-nazari da suka shafi lokacin kallon talabijin. van Ekris et al sun ba da rahoton cewa a cikin mahalarta 24,257 daga ƙungiyoyi 9 masu zuwa, BMI a lokacin bin diddigin ba shi da alaƙa sosai da kowace ƙarin sa'a ta kallon talabijin na yau da kullun (β=0.01, 95% CI −0.002 zuwa 0.02), tare da babban bambancin ra'ayi a cikin nazarin. Daidaitawa ga motsa jiki ko abinci bai canza sakamakon binciken ba. Sabanin haka, Tremblay et al sun ba da rahoton cewa a cikin gwaje-gwaje huɗu da aka sarrafa bazuwar, raguwar kallon talabijin bayan shiga tsakani yana da alaƙa da raguwar BMI na −0.89 kg/m2 ( 95% CI −1.467 zuwa 0.11, p=0.01).
Kwamfuta, bidiyon, wayar hannu ko sauran fuska
Bayanai kan wasu nau'ikan lokacin allo ba su da yawa sosai. A cikin bita na matsakaici, Carson da abokan aikinsa sun ba da rahoton cewa matakan rashin kyau na adiposity suna da alaƙa da lokacin allo na kwamfuta a cikin nazarin 3/4 amma a cikin nazarin sarrafa shari'o'i 0/2 kuma cewa binciken da aka yi a cikin nazarin sassan biyu ba su da daidaito sosai; Carson da abokan aikinsa ba su gano wata shaida ta alaƙa tsakanin lokacin allo na bidiyo/wasan bidiyo da adiposity ba, kuma van Ekris da abokan aikinsa ba su gano wata shaida ta alaƙa tsakanin lokacin allo na kwamfuta/wasan kwamfuta tare da BMI ko BMI z-score a cikin nazarin ƙananan inganci 10 ko tare da WC ko WC z-score a cikin nazarin ƙananan inganci 2 ba.
A cikin nazarin meta kawai, van Ekris et al sun ba da rahoton cewa a cikin mahalarta 6971 daga ƙungiyoyi biyar masu zuwa, BMI a lokacin bin diddigin ba shi da alaƙa sosai da kowace ƙarin sa'a ta allon kwamfuta ta yau da kullun (β=0.00, 95% CI −0.004 zuwa 0.01), tare da babban bambancin ra'ayi a cikin nazarin. Daidaita motsa jiki ko abinci bai canza sakamakon binciken ba.
Hanyoyin da za a yi
An bayar da rahoton tasirin martanin allurai ga lokacin kallon talabijin ta hanyar bita biyu masu matsakaicin inganci (Tremblay et al ; LeBlanc et al ) tare da na uku (Carson et al ) ba su bambanta tsakanin talabijin ko wani lokacin kallon allo ba. Carson et al sun ba da rahoton cewa an binciki martanin allurai na lokacin kallon allo a cikin bincike 73: mafi girman lokacin kallon allo/kallon talabijin yana da alaƙa da mummunan tsarin jiki tare da matakin yankewa na awa 1 (nazarin 8/11), matakin yankewa na awa 1.5 (nazarin 2/2), matakin yankewa na awa 2 (nazarin 24/34), matakin yankewa na awa 3 (nazarin 12/13) ko matakin yankewa na awa 4 (nazarin 4/4).
Summary
Mun yanke shawara cewa akwai tabbatacciyar hujja matsakaiciya cewa mafi ƙarancin lokacin talabijin yana haɗuwa da ƙimar girma, amma cewa babu isassun shaidu ga ƙungiya tare da cikakken lokaci ko lokacin da ba talabijin ba. Akwai shaidu tsaka-tsaki da ke nuna cewa ƙungiyar ba da amsa-kashi tana nan don lokacin ko lokacin aikin talabijin. Koyaya, babu wata hujja mai ƙarfi don takamaiman ƙofa a cikin awanni na lokacin aiki.
Abinci da makamashi
Ƙungiyoyi na kyan gani da makamashi da / ko abubuwan cin abinci suna nazari ne a cikin matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaici guda biyu da kima.
A cikin wani bincike mai matsakaicin inganci na nazarin gwaji, Marsh da abokan aikinsa 1 sun ba da rahoton cewa akwai shaida mai ƙarfi cewa i) lokacin kallon allo ba tare da tallan abinci ba yana da alaƙa da ƙaruwar cin abinci idan aka kwatanta da ɗabi'ar da ba ta nuna allon ba; ii) lokacin kallon talabijin yana ƙara yawan cin abinci mai daɗi mai yawan kuzari da kuma iii) akwai shaida mara ƙarfi game da lokacin kallon bidiyo kamar yadda aka ƙara yawan cin abinci. Sun kammala da cewa akwai shaida mai matsakaici cewa tasirin motsa jiki na TV akan cin abinci ya fi ƙarfi a cikin yara masu kiba ko masu kiba fiye da na yau da kullun, yana nuna cewa na farko sun fi saurin kamuwa da alamun muhalli.
A cikin wani bita mai matsakaicin inganci, Costigan da abokan aikinsa sun ba da rahoton mummunan alaƙar lokacin kallon allo da halayyar abinci mai kyau a cikin nazarin 3/5. A cikin wani bita mai ƙarancin inganci, Pearson da Biddle 19 sun ba da rahoton wata shaida mai matsakaicin ƙarfi cewa lokacin kallon talabijin yana da alaƙa mai kyau da jimillar shan kuzari da abubuwan sha masu yawa na makamashi kuma yana da alaƙa mara kyau da shan 'ya'yan itace da kayan lambu a cikin nazarin dogon lokaci a cikin yara da matasa. A cikin nazarin da aka yi a kan ɓangarorin biyu, sun gano shaidu masu matsakaicin ƙarfi na alaƙa iri ɗaya da lokacin kallon talabijin a cikin yara da kuma na lokacin kallon allo a cikin matasa.
Summary
Mun yanke akwai akwai shaida mai tsaka-tsaki ga ƙungiyoyi tsakanin masu zanga-zangar, musamman ma fina-finai na talabijin, da kuma yawan abincin makamashi da rashin cin abinci mai cin abinci mai kyau wanda ya hada da yawan makamashin makamashi da ƙananan abinci.
Sanin lafiyar jiki da jin daɗin rayuwa
Ƙungiyoyi tsakanin lafiyar hankali da jin daɗin rayuwa da kuma kullun da aka yi a cikin su ne aka bincika a cikin sauye-sauye-sauye-sauye na matsakaici.
Raguwa, damuwa da kuma magance matsaloli
Hoare et al 20 ne kawai suka ba da rahoton alaƙar da ke tsakanin damuwa, kuma sun sami matsakaiciyar shaida don alaƙa mai kyau tsakanin tsawon lokacin allo da tsananin alamun damuwa.
Costigan da abokan aikinsa sun bayar da rahoton alaƙa mai kyau tsakanin lokacin kallon allo da alamun damuwa a cikin nazarin 3/3. Hakazalika, Hoare da abokan aikinsa sun bayar da rahoton wata shaida mai ƙarfi game da alaƙa mai kyau tsakanin alamun damuwa da lokacin kallon allo bisa ga nazarin da aka yi a tsakanin ɓangarorin biyu da na tsawon lokaci. Hoare da abokan aikinsa sun kuma lura cewa akwai ƙarancin shaida game da alaƙa tsakanin lokacin kallon allo da alamun damuwa. Suchert da abokan aikinsa 21 sun ba da rahoton alaƙa mai kyau tsakanin lokacin kallon allo da matsalolin ciki (a cikin nazarin 6/10), amma sun lura da rashin wata shaida bayyananniya game da alamun damuwa da damuwa idan aka auna su daban.
Dangane da martanin da ake bayarwa ga alamun damuwa, Hoare da abokan aikinsa sun ba da rahoton cewa alamun damuwa mafi girma suna da alaƙa da ≥ sa'o'i 2 na lokacin allo a kowace rana a cikin nazarin 3/3. Suchert da abokan aikinsa sun ba da rahoton cewa bincike uku sun gano alaƙar lanƙwasa tsakanin lokacin allo da alamun damuwa, ta yadda matasa da ke amfani da allon allo ta hanyar matsakaici suka nuna mafi ƙarancin yawan alamun damuwa.
Matsalar hali
Carson da abokan aikinsa sun ruwaito cewa an binciki alaƙar da ke tsakanin lokacin allo da matsalolin ɗabi'a a cikin bincike 24. A cikin nazarin dogon lokaci, an bayar da rahoton alaƙa mai kyau da ma'aunin ɗabi'a mara kyau a cikin nazarin 2/2 na jimlar lokacin allo da nazarin 3/5 na lokacin allo na talabijin, amma an bayar da rahoton alaƙa mara kyau a cikin nazarin 3/3 na lokacin allo na wasan bidiyo. A cikin nazarin da aka yi a tsakanin ɓangarorin biyu, an bayar da rahoton alaƙa mai kyau ga lokacin allo na talabijin (nazarin 4/6), amfani da kwamfuta (nazarin 3/5) da lokacin allo na wasan bidiyo (nazarin 3/4). Sabanin haka, Tremblay da abokan aikinsa sun kammala da cewa akwai mummunan shaida cewa lokacin allo na talabijin yana da alaƙa da manyan matakan matsalolin ɗabi'a.
Dangane da martanin da aka bayar ga allurar, Carson da abokan aikinsa sun ruwaito cewa an binciki wannan a cikin bincike guda biyu, wanda dukkansu suka ruwaito cewa lokacin kallon talabijin sama da awa 1 a kowace rana yana da alaƙa da ma'aunin ɗabi'a mara kyau.
Hyperactivity da inattention
An yi la'akari da yawan aiki da hankali ne kawai a cikin bita ɗaya. Suchert da abokan aikinsa sun ba da rahoton cewa akwai alaƙa mai kyau tsakanin lokacin allo da matsalolin yawan aiki/rashin kulawa a cikin nazarin 10/11.
Sauran matsalolin kiwon lafiya
LeBlanc da abokan aikinsa sun ba da rahoton cewa akwai wata shaida mai zurfi da ke nuna cewa kallon talabijin yana da alaƙa da rashin lafiyar kwakwalwa a cikin ƙananan yara 'yan shekara 14.
Bita ɗaya kawai kowannensu ya yi la'akari da alaƙar lokacin kallon allo da matsalolin cin abinci da kuma tunanin kashe kai. Suchert da abokan aikinsa sun ba da rahoton cewa babu wata hujja bayyananna da ke nuna alaƙar da ke tsakanin alamun rashin cin abinci, yayin da Hoare da abokan aikinsa suka ba da rahoton cewa babu wata shaida bayyananna da ke nuna alaƙa da tunanin kashe kai.
Kai girma
An yi la'akari da tasirin da ke kan girman kai a cikin bita uku. Hoare da abokan aikinsa sun kammala da cewa akwai wata shaida mai zurfi game da alaƙar da ke tsakanin ƙarancin girman kai da lokacin allo. Carson da abokan aikinsa sun ba da rahoton cewa ba a yi la'akari da wannan alaƙar a cikin nazarin dogon lokaci ba amma a cikin nazarin ɓangarori daban-daban, ƙarancin girman kai yana da alaƙa da lokacin allo a cikin nazarin 2/2 da kuma lokacin allo a cikin kwamfuta a cikin nazarin 3/5, kuma babu wata shaida bayyananna game da lokacin allo a wayar hannu.
Sabanin haka, Suchert da abokan aikinsa sun ba da rahoton babu wata hujja bayyananna da ke nuna alaƙar da ke tsakanin girman kai da kuma Tremblay da abokan aikinsa makamancin haka sun ba da rahoton shaida mara tushe, inda nazarin sashe na 7/14 kawai ya nuna alaƙar da ke tsakanin lokacin allo da girman kai.
Kyakkyawan rayuwa da zaman lafiya
An yi la'akari da rayuwa mai kyau a cikin wani nazarin lafiyar rayuwa (HRQOL) da kuma a cikin sake dubawa guda biyu wanda ya ruwaito akan kwarewar rayuwar rayuwa ko jin dadi.
Wu et al, 22 sun binciki HRQOL a matsayin wani tsari na yau da kullun da aka auna, waɗanda suka ba da rahoton shaidu masu daidaito cewa mafi girman lokacin allo yana da alaƙa da ƙarancin HRQOL a cikin nazarin 11/13 na giciye da 4/4 na tsawon lokaci. Wani bincike na meta na bincike 2 ya gano cewa ≥2–2.5 awanni/rana na lokacin allo yana da alaƙa da ƙarancin HRQOL (matsakaicin bambanci a cikin maki HRQOL 2.71 (95% CI 1.59 zuwa 3.38) maki) fiye da waɗanda ke da <2–2.5 awanni/rana.
Suchert da abokan aikinsa sun ruwaito cewa akwai kyakkyawar alaƙa tsakanin lokacin kallon allo da rashin lafiyar kwakwalwa ko kuma ingancin rayuwa da ake tsammani a cikin nazarin 11/15. Costigan da abokan aikinsa sun bayar da rahoton wata mummunar alaƙa tsakanin lokacin kallon allo da lafiyar da ake tsammani a cikin nazarin 4/4.
Daidaitawa don aiki na jiki
Suchert da abokan aikinsa sun ruwaito cewa bincike 11 sun haɗa da binciken da suka binciki alaƙar da ke tsakanin lokacin allo da lafiyar kwakwalwa da aka daidaita don motsa jiki. Sun bayar da rahoton cewa a cikin kowane bincike alaƙar da ke tsakanin lokacin allo da rashin lafiyar kwakwalwa (sakamako iri-iri) ta yi ƙarfi ga daidaitawa ga motsa jiki, wanda ke nuna cewa lokacin allo abu ne mai haɗari ga lafiyar kwakwalwa ba tare da la'akari da motsa jiki ba.
Summary
Akwai tabbaci mai ƙarfi na matsakaici don haɗuwa tsakanin lokutan aiki da alamun bayyanar cututtuka. Wannan ƙungiyar ta kasance don lokaci ne gaba ɗaya amma akwai iyakantattun shaidu daga sake dubawa ɗaya kawai don ƙungiya tare da kafofin watsa labarun lokaci. Akwai shaidu tsaka-tsaka don tasirin sakamako-amsa, tare da hujjoji marasa ƙarfi don mashigar hours2 hours a kowace rana don haɗuwa tare da alamun cututtuka na ciki.
Akwai shaidu tsaka-tsaka na ƙungiyar lokacin aiki tare da ƙananan HRQOL, tare da hujjoji marasa ƙarfi don mashigar hours2 hours a kowace rana.
Akwai shaidu maras tabbas game da haɗuwa da rikici tare da matsalolin hali, damuwa, damuwa da rashin kulawa, rashin talaucin kai da rashin lafiyan lafiyar yara a yara. Babu wata hujja bayyananne ga ƙungiyar da ke cin abinci ko kuma ƙaddarar su. Akwai shaidu marar shaida cewa ƙungiyar tsakanin kyan gani da kuma tunanin tunanin mutum yana da kariya daga kawar da aikin jiki.
Kwayar jijiyoyin jini
Ƙungiyoyi tsakanin shahararrun kwayoyi da cututtuka na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini sunyi nazari akan ɗalibai masu kyau da uku.
Ƙunƙasar ƙwayar cuta ta jiki / magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta na zuciya
A cikin bitar da aka yi mai inganci kawai, Goncalves de Oliveira et al 23 sun ba da rahoton cewa babu wata shaida da ta nuna alaƙar da ke tsakanin lokacin allo ko lokacin allo na talabijin da kasancewar ciwon metabolism (MetS). A cikin nazarin meta-bincike a cikin bincike shida (n=3881), ba su gano wata muhimmiyar alaƙa ba, tare da OR na tsawon awanni 2 lokacin allo = 1.20 (95% CI 0.91 zuwa 1.59), p=0.20; I2 = 37%). Duk da haka, lokacin da aka binciki lokacin allo na ƙarshen mako daban-daban a cikin bincike biyu (n=1620), sun sami muhimmiyar alaƙa da kasancewar MetS (OR=2.05 (95% CI 1.13 zuwa 3.73), p=0.02; I2 = 0%). A cikin bitar matsakaici, Carson et al sun ba da rahoton cewa an ba da rahoton alaƙa tsakanin maki mai haɗari da lokacin allo na talabijin a cikin nazarin tsayi na 2/2 da nazarin giciye na 6/10.
Abubuwan da ke cikin ƙwayoyin zuciya na zuciya daya
Sharhi uku na matsakaicin inganci sun binciki shaidar alaƙar da ke tsakanin abubuwan da ke haifar da haɗarin lokacin allo, misali, cholesterol, hawan jini, haemoglobin A1c ko rashin lafiyar insulin. Tremblay et al , van Ekris et al da Carson et al kowannensu sun ba da rahoton cewa babu wata shaida mai daidaito game da alaƙa da kowace matsala, tare da shaidar da aka iyakance ga bincike ɗaya kawai kuma ba ta da daidaito a cikin binciken.
Summary
Akwai shaidu marar shaida na ƙungiyoyi tsakanin batutuwa da talabijin da MetS. Babu wata hujja bayyananna ga ƙungiyoyi tare da kowane nau'in haɗari na zuciya na zuciya.
Fitness
An binciki alaƙar da ke tsakanin motsa jiki ta hanyar bita huɗu masu matsakaicin inganci. Bita biyu, Costigan et al da Tremblay et al , sun lura cewa shaidar alaƙar da ke tsakanin lokacin allo da motsa jiki ba ta da ƙarfi kuma ba ta da daidaito. Hakika, Costigan et al sun lura cewa bincike 2/5 ya ba da rahoton dangantaka mai kyau, wato, cewa lokacin allo mafi girma yana da alaƙa da yawan motsa jiki.
Sabanin haka, bita guda biyu (Carson et al , da van Ekris et al ) sun kammala da cewa akwai wata shaida mai ƙarfi da ke nuna alaƙar da ke tsakanin lokacin allo ko lokacin talabijin da kuma lafiyar numfashin zuciya. Carson et al sun lura cewa nazarin 4/4 ya binciki wani iyaka kuma sun gano cewa mafi girman lokacin allo yana da alaƙa da ƙarancin lafiya lokacin da aka yi amfani da lokacin yankewa na awanni 2 (bincike 4/4).
Summary
Akwai shaida mai rauni da rashin daidaituwa ga ƙungiyoyi tsakanin batuttuka ko talabijin da kuma lafiyar zuciya, tare da shaida mai ƙarfi ga wani sakonni na yau da kullum na 2.
Cognition, ci gaba da kuma nasarori
Ƙungiyoyi tare da CYP cognition da ci gaba an bincika a cikin uku masu dacewa reviews.
LeBlanc da abokan aikinsa sun ruwaito cewa akwai shaidar da ba ta da inganci cewa kallon talabijin yana da mummunan tasiri ga ci gaban fahimta a cikin ƙananan yara. Shaidar ta fi ƙarfi a tsakanin jarirai, inda LeBlanc da abokan aikinsa suka kammala da cewa akwai shaidar da ta nuna cewa kallon talabijin ba ya haifar da wani amfani kuma yana da illa ga ci gaban fahimta.
Tremblay da abokan aikinsa sun ruwaito cewa akwai ƙarancin shaida da ke nuna cewa yawan kallon talabijin yana da alaƙa da ƙarancin samun ilimi. Carson da abokan aikinsa sun kuma lura da ƙarancin shaida da ke nuna cewa kallon talabijin ko kallon talabijin yana da alaƙa da ƙarancin samun nasara.
Summary
Akwai shaidu maras tabbas cewa kyan gani musamman na talabijin yana haɗuwa da ilimin ilimi da rashin talauci kuma yana da mummunan tasiri game da ci gaban halayyar yara.
barci
Abokan hulɗa da barci an bincika su a cikin matsakaicin matsakaici da inganci guda biyu.
A cikin wani bita mai matsakaicin inganci, Costigan da abokan aikinsa sun ba da rahoton alaƙa mai kyau tsakanin lokacin allo da matsalolin barci a cikin nazarin 2/2. A cikin bita mai ƙarancin inganci, Duch da abokan aikinsa sun ba da rahoton cewa akwai wata shaida mai zurfi game da alaƙa tsakanin lokacin allo da tsawon lokacin barci. Sabanin haka, Hale da Guan 24 sun ba da rahoton cewa akwai wata shaida mai matsakaici cewa jimlar lokacin allo, lokacin allo na talabijin, lokacin allo na kwamfuta, lokacin allo na bidiyo da lokacin allo na wayar hannu suna da alaƙa da mummunan sakamako na barci, gami da jinkirin lokacin kwanciya, gajeriyar lokacin barci, jinkirin bacci-farko-lalacewa da gajiyar rana. Sun kiyasta cewa akwai kimanin jinkirin lokacin barci na mintuna 5-10 tare da kowane ƙarin sa'a na lokacin allo na talabijin. An ba da rahoton gano gajeriyar lokacin barci tare da ƙarin lokacin allo na na'urorin hannu a cikin nazarin 10/12, tare da 5/5 yana ba da rahoton ƙarin gajiya ko barci na rana.
Summary
Akwai shaidu marar shaida cewa kullun yana haɗuwa da sakamakon barci marar kyau wanda ya haɗu da jinkirta a cikin barcin kwanciyar hankali, rage yawan lokutan barci da kuma gajiyar rana. Akwai hujjoji daga wani nazari cewa ana ganin wannan ƙungiya a dukkan nau'o'in kullun da suka hada da wasan kwaikwayo na talabijin, kwarewar kwamfuta, bidiyon bidiyo da wayar salula.
Dama jiki
An binciki alaƙar da ke tsakanin ciwo a cikin wani nazari mai matsakaicin inganci. Costigan da abokan aikinsa sun ba da rahoton cewa akwai ƙarancin shaida game da alaƙa tsakanin lokacin kallon allo da ciwon wuya/kafaɗa, ciwon kai da ciwon baya, kodayake an binciki wannan a cikin ƙananan bincike. Ganin cewa an binciki wannan a cikin bita ɗaya kawai, mun bayyana matakin shaidar a matsayin wadda ba ta isa ba.
fuka
An binciki alaƙar da ke tsakanin masu fama da asma a wani nazari mai matsakaicin inganci. van Ekris da abokan aikinsa sun ba da rahoton cewa babu isassun shaidu da ke nuna alaƙar da ke tsakanin masu fama da asma a lokacin kallon allo ko lokacin kallon talabijin da kuma yawan masu fama da asma.
tattaunawa
Wannan RoR yana taƙaita wallafe-wallafen da aka wallafa akan tasirin lokaci akan lafiyar CYP da ƙoshin lafiya. Shaida ta fi ƙarfi don ƙoshin lafiya da sakamakon abinci, tare da ƙaƙƙarfan shaida mai ƙarfi cewa mafi girman lokacin talabijin yana da alaƙa da ƙima / adiposity mafi girma da kuma matsakaiciyar shaida ga ƙungiya tsakanin lokaci, musamman lokacin talabijin, da haɓakar kuzari da ƙarancin ƙoshin lafiya. Har ila yau, batun tabin hankali da walwala ya kasance batun sake dubawa da yawa. Akwai ƙaƙƙarfan shaida mai ƙarfi don haɗuwa tsakanin lokacin aiki da alamun bayyanar cututtuka, kodayake shaidu game da kafofin watsa labarun lokaci da ɓacin rai sun yi rauni. Shaida cewa lokacin aiki yana da alaƙa da ƙarancin rayuwa mai matsakaici, duk da haka shaidu don haɗuwa da lokaci tare da wasu sakamakon lafiyar ƙwaƙwalwa ba su da ƙarfi, gami da matsalolin halayya, damuwa, ragi da rashin kulawa, ƙimar girman kai, talauci da talauci. lafiyar kwakwalwa a cikin yara ƙanana. Shaidun da ba su da kyau sun nuna cewa ƙungiyoyin kiwon lafiyar hankali sun bayyana ba tare da motsa jiki ba.
Tabbatar da wasu matakan da aka samu ba ta da karfi. Akwai shaidu marar shaida na ƙungiyoyi tsakanin masu zanga-zangar (da kuma talabijin na talabijin) tare da MetS, rashin lafiyar zuciya, rashin talauci da ƙwarewar ilimi da rashin ilimi da abubuwan da suka faru. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa shaidar rashin shaida da aka ruwaito a nan ya danganta da rashin wallafe-wallafe maimakon kungiyoyi masu rauni. Sabanin haka, babu wata hujja da ba ta da shaida ga ƙungiyar kullun tare da cin abinci ko maganin suicidal, kowane nau'in haɗari na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, ciwon fuka ko ciwo.
Mun gano babu tabbacin shaida na amfani da lafiyar, lafiyar jiki ko bunƙasa, ko da yake mun yarda cewa kullun na iya haɗawa da wadata a wasu yankuna da ba a tantance su a nan ba.
Shaidar da ke nuna alaƙar amsawar allurai tsakanin lokacin allo da sakamakon lafiya gabaɗaya ba ta da ƙarfi. Mun sami matsakaiciyar shaida don alaƙar amsawar allurai don lokacin allo ko lokacin talabijin da sakamakon rashin kuzari, baƙin ciki da HRQOL. Duk da haka, ba mu gano wata shaida mai ƙarfi ba game da iyaka a cikin sa'o'i na lokacin allo don rashin kuzari da kuma shaida mai rauni kawai don iyaka ≥ sa'o'i 2 a kowace rana ga alaƙar da ke da alamun damuwa da kuma tare da HRQOL. Wani bita ya nuna cewa akwai alaƙar lanƙwasa tsakanin lokacin allo da alamun damuwa. 21
Binciken ingancin da aka haɗa da haɓakawa yana da matsakaicin matsakaici, tare da ƙwararriyar kwarewa guda uku da ƙwararraƙi masu kyau maras kyau. Akwai shafuka guda hudu da aka gano, biyu na talabijin da BMI da kuma daya daga cikin masu jin tsoro da kuma MetS da screentime da HRQOL. Kusan dukkanin binciken da aka yi a kowane bita da aka yi a kasashe masu karɓar kudi, yawanci a kowane bita da aka gudanar a Amurka. Komawa a cikin hada-hadar da aka yi a tsakanin nazarin ya kasance maras kyau, yana nuna cewa binciken bai rinjaye ta ƙananan lambobi ba.
Babban rauni a cikin adabi shine rinjayen lokacin kallon talabijin, tare da ƙananan adadin bincike da ke bincika amfani da kwamfuta ko wasanni da kuma ƙananan bincike ciki har da na'urorin allon wayar hannu. Babu wanda ya bincika amfani da allo sau da yawa a lokaci guda, kodayake akwai ƙarin shaida cewa CYP na iya haɗa amfani da allo kamar amfani da wayoyin komai da ruwanka yayin kallon talabijin; matasa suna ba da rahoton amfani da allo da yawa don sauƙaƙe tace abubuwan da ba a so, gami da tallace-tallace. 25 Don haka, ba a san ko menene waɗannan binciken za a iya faɗaɗa su zuwa nau'ikan amfani da allo na zamani ba, gami da kafofin watsa labarun da amfani da allon wayar hannu. RoR dole ne a iyakance shi ga haɗa da nazarin farko waɗanda aka haɗa a cikin bita na tsari kuma don haka dole ne a iyakance su wajen magance sabbin ci gaba. Yana iya ɗaukar wasu shekaru kafin a sami isasshen bincike akan amfani da allon dijital na zamani, gami da kafofin watsa labarun da amfani da allo da yawa da tasirinsu akan lafiya.
Babban batu game da ko waɗannan binciken za a iya amfani da su ga wasu nau'ikan lokacin allo shine matakin da tasirin lokacin allo ya danganta da lokacin da aka kashe akan allo ko abun ciki da aka kalla a allon allo ko ma yanayin da ake kallon abun ciki akan allon. Lokacin allo na iya aiki ta hanyar amfani yayin zaman gida (watau, korar motsa jiki) ko ta hanyar ƙarin tasirin kai tsaye. Waɗannan tasirin kai tsaye na iya kasancewa ko dai ta hanyar abubuwan da aka kalla a allon allo (misali, rage jin daɗin yara ga tashin hankali ko abubuwan da ke bayyana a fili na jima'i; ko fallasa ga cin zarafi), ta hanyar canja wurin zamantakewa ko lokacin koyo (misali, haifar da ware kai tsaye) ko ta hanyar ƙarin tasirin fahimta kai tsaye, misali, tasirin hasken allo mai shuɗi akan yanayin barci da tasirinsa akan hankali da mai da hankali. 4 Bincikenmu bai gaya mana komai game da hanyoyin da lokacin allo ke shafar lafiya ba, kuma yana da yuwuwar cewa tasirin da muka gano akan rashin abinci mai gina jiki, dacewa, haɗarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, lafiyar kwakwalwa da barci ya faru ne saboda tasirin amfani da allon. Duk da haka, mun gano shaidu masu matsakaici cewa lokacin allo yana da alaƙa da yawan cin abinci mai yawan kuzari, wanda da wuya a sami sulhu ta hanyar rashin nutsuwa. Bugu da ƙari, akwai wata shaida mai rauni da ke nuna cewa alaƙar lokacin allo da sakamakon lafiyar kwakwalwa tana da ƙarfi ga daidaitawa ga motsa jiki, 21 yana nuna cewa lokacin allo na iya shafar lafiyar kwakwalwa ba tare da la'akari da motsa jiki ba.
Ba mu sami wata hujja mai gamsarwa ta fa'idodin lafiya daga lokacin allo ba. Duk da haka wasu suna jayayya da ƙarfi cewa kafofin watsa labarai na dijital suna da fa'idodi masu mahimmanci na lafiya, zamantakewa da fahimta kuma an yi watsi da illolin. Wata ƙungiyar masana kimiyya mai fice kwanan nan ta yi jayayya cewa saƙonnin da ke nuna cewa allo yana da illa a zahiri ba a goyan bayan su ta hanyar bincike da shaidu masu ƙarfi ba. Bugu da ƙari, ra'ayin lokacin allo da kansa abu ne mai sauƙi kuma ana iya cewa ba shi da ma'ana, kuma mayar da hankali kan adadin amfani da allo ba shi da amfani. " 12 Sun nuna cewa bincike ya mayar da hankali kan ƙididdige adadin lokacin allo maimakon bincika mahallin amfani da allo da abubuwan da aka kalla. Wasu sun nuna irin wannan ƙuntatawa a cikin wallafe-wallafen kan amfani da allo da tashin hankali 7 kuma ana haɓaka amfani da allo a cikin tsarin ilimi da yawa. 13 Bincikenmu ya magance yawan lokacin allo kuma bai bincika tasirin mahallin ko abun ciki akan sakamakon lafiya ba. Duk da haka, binciken da aka yi na alaƙar lanƙwasa tsakanin lokacin allo da alamun damuwa a cikin ɗaya daga cikin sake dubawarmu 21 da bayanin irin wannan dangantaka ga lafiyar matasa 26 ya nuna cewa amfani da fasahar dijital matsakaici na iya zama mahimmanci ga haɗin kai na zamantakewa ga matasa a cikin al'ummomin zamani.
gazawar
Bincikenmu yana ƙarƙashin yawan ƙuntatawa. Kyautattun sun hada da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya shi ne mafi girman matsakaici ko maras kyau, tare da ɗaiɗaiwar bita mai kyau. Abubuwa masu mahimmanci don sake dubawa ba a ƙidayar su a matsayin babban inganci sun kasa yin la'akari da inganci da kuma yiwuwar wallafe-wallafe a cikin ƙididdiga na farko da aka ƙaddara ba ko ɓacewa ta ƙaddamar da wani zane na farko. Binciken da aka haɗaka bai kasance cikakke ba ne, duk da cewa saukewa a makarantun firamare ba su da ƙananan ragu ga mafi yawancin, saboda haka yana da wuya cewa bincikenmu yana nuna damuwa da nazarin mutum wanda aka haɗa a cikin sake dubawa. Bayanan bincike ne wanda wani mai binciken ya samo asali, kuma kodayake bayanan da aka bincikar bayanan da mai bincike na biyu ya bincikar, ba mu yi amfani da haɗin kai na mutum biyu ba. Ba mu yi ƙoƙari mu tuntubi marubucin littattafai ba za mu iya dawowa saboda wannan ya kasance mai saurin sake dubawa.
RoR wata hanya ce da ake haɓaka kuma babu wata hanya mafi kyau da aka amince da ita; irin waɗannan bita suna da kyau kawai kamar bita da aka haɗa da kuma manyan binciken da aka haɗa a cikinsu. 27 Akwai iyakoki game da bita da aka haɗa a cikin bincikenmu dangane da bambancin ra'ayi tsakanin bita a cikin ma'anar fallasa lokacin allo, ma'anar sakamakon lafiya da kayan aikin aunawa, wanda ke sa kwatancen ya yi wahala. An auna lokacin allo sosai ta hanyar rahoton kai, kodayake ƙaruwar adadin bincike a tsawon lokaci ya yi amfani da ma'auni mafi ma'ana na lokacin allo. Bita kuma galibi ba ta yi la'akari da hanyoyin da lokacin allo ke tasiri ga sakamakon lafiya ba. A cikin haɗakar labaran bincikenmu, mun yi nufin guje wa ƙidayar ƙuri'u na adadi mai kyau ko mara kyau na bincike don yin hukunci kan ƙarfin shaida. Duk da haka, yana yiwuwa bincikenmu ya nuna son kai na hanya ko ra'ayi a cikin bita da aka haɗa. Iyakance bita ko bita gami da namu shine jinkirin lokaci da ake buƙata don haɗa karatun farko a cikin bita na tsari, ma'ana ba za su iya wakiltar binciken zamani ba. Bayanai kan amfani da allon wayar hannu sun iyakance musamman a cikin bita da aka haɗa. Baya ga bita da aka mayar da hankali kan ƙananan yara, bayanai daga binciken da aka haɗa ba su ba mu damar yin tsokaci daban-daban kan binciken da ƙungiyar shekaru ta yi ba.
karshe
Akwai tabbacin shaida cewa matakan da suka shafi mafi girma sun haɗa da nau'o'in lafiyar jiki na CYP, tare da hujjoji da suka fi karfi don cin hanci, rashin cin abinci mara kyau, rashin lafiyar cututtuka da ingancin rayuwa. Shaida don tasiri akan wasu sakamako na kiwon lafiya shi ne mafi rauni ko ba ya nan. Ba mu sami tabbaci mai kyau na amfanin kiwon lafiya ba. Duk da yake shaida ga kofa don jagorancin manufofi game da hotuna na CYP yana da iyakancewa, akwai shaida mai zurfi cewa ƙananan yawan yin amfani da allon yau da kullum ba cutarwa ba ne kuma yana iya samun wasu amfani.
Wadannan bayanan suna tallafawa aikin manufofi don iyakance amfani da allo ta hanyar CYP saboda shaidar cutarwa ta kiwon lafiya a duk fannoni da yawa na lafiyar jiki da ta hankali. Ba mu gano ƙofar don amintaccen amfani da allo ba, kodayake mun lura cewa akwai ƙarancin shaidu game da mashigar 2 hours a kowace rana don ƙungiyoyi tare da alamun rashin ƙarfi da tare da HRQOL. Ba mu gano shaidar da ke tallafawa ƙofofin daban-daban na ƙananan yara ko matasa ba.
Duk wani iyakokin iyaka a kan screentime dole ne a yi la'akari da rashin fahimtar tasirin abubuwan ciki ko abubuwan da ake amfani da su na yin amfani da dijital. Bisa ga yawan karuwar da CYP yayi amfani da su a duniya a cikin shekaru goma da suka wuce, musamman ga sababbin yankuna kamar kafofin watsa labarun, ana buƙatar ci gaba da bincike don fahimtar tasirin abubuwan da ake ciki da kuma abun ciki na amfani da allo a kan lafiyar CYP da zaman lafiya, musamman ma a cikin dangantaka da na'urorin dijital na wayar hannu.
References
Bayanan kalmomi
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Ba a buƙatar izinin majiyyaci don bugawa ba.
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Masu ba da gudummawa RMV sun yi nazari kan binciken, sun tsara hanyoyin, sun taimaka wajen fitar da bayanai da kuma nazarin sakamakon binciken, wanda ya jagoranci rubuta takardar. NS ta fara binciken kuma ta jagoranci fitar da bayanai tare da ba da gudummawa ga nazarin sakamakon da kuma rubuta takardar.
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Tallafin Kuɗi Marubutan ba su bayyana takamaiman tallafi ga wannan binciken daga kowace hukumar bayar da tallafi a fannoni na jama'a, kasuwanci ko waɗanda ba na riba ba.
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Bukatun da ke fafatawa Babu wanda aka ayyana.
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Asalin da bitar takwarorinsu Ba a ba da umarni ba; an sake duba takwarorinsu na waje.
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Bayanin raba bayanai Duk bayanan da ke cikin wannan takarda an samo su ne daga binciken da aka buga. Babu wani ƙarin bayani da aka samu daga marubutan.
Nemi izini
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