Wakilin EMBO 2014 Jan 1; 15 (1): 12-6. doi: 10.1002/emb.201338222.
Wallace P.
- Cibiyar Johns Hopkins ta Cibiyar Nazarin Matasa Masu Hazaka (CTY) da shirye-shiryen kan layi da IT.
- http://embor.embopress.org/content/15/1/12
Kodayake ba a yarda da 'cutar jarabar intanet' a hukumance ta zama cuta ta ƙungiyar masu tabin hankali ba-ba a haɗa ta a cikin Bayanai na yau da kullun da aka fitar game da Ciwon Hauka na V (DSM ‐ V), wanda Psyungiyar chiwararrun Americanwararrun publishedwararrun Amurka ta buga - lamba mai firgitarwa mutane suna nuna abin da ya zama alamun jaraba ga duniyar dijital. Matasa suna da rauni musamman, tare da nazarin yanayin da ke nuna ɗaliban da aikin karatunsu ya faɗi yayin da suke ciyar da lokaci da yawa akan layi. Wasu ma suna fama da lahani na rashin lafiya saboda rashin bacci, yayin da suke tashi daga baya kuma daga baya su yi hira ta kan layi, bincika sabunta matsayin gidan yanar sadarwar ko kuma isa matakan wasan gaba.
Akwai lokuta da yawa na mummunan yanayi waɗanda suka mamaye kanun labarai kuma suka ƙara damun jama'a game da tilasta amfani da Intanet. Wasu ma'aurata a Koriya, alal misali, sun dauki tsawon lokaci suna rainon 'ya mace ta yanar gizo hakan yasa suka yi watsi da ainihin diyar su, wacce daga karshe ta mutu. A kasar Sin, wasu dalibai biyu daga Chongqinq da suka kwashe kwanaki 2 suna taka leda a kan hanyar jirgin kasa sun kashe su ta hanyar jirgin kasa mai zuwa. Duk da yake girman kai ne a zargi 'jarabar Intanet' saboda irin wannan bala'in - samarin da abin ya shafa na iya shan wahala daga wasu cututtukan cututtukan da suka haifar da irin wannan sakamakon mara kyau - shari'o'in tabbas suna jawo hankali ga ɓangaren duhu na amfani da Intanet.
Don ajiye wani lokaci don muhawarar akan irin waɗannan matsalolin da za a tsara a matsayin 'rashin jituwa ta Intanet', bincike a cikin waɗannan dabi'un ya karu sosai tun lokacin da ake kira 1990s, musamman ma yawancin ƙwararrun daliban da ke cikin kwalejojin sun kai ga ilimin jami'a masu kiwon lafiya. Bayan 'jita-jitar Intanet', kalmomin kamar 'amfani da yanar-gizo mai wuyar amfani', 'yin amfani da Intanet na dysfunctional', 'dogara da yanar gizo', 'amfani da yanar gizo', da kuma 'amfani da Intanet' masu amfani da su a matsayin hanyoyin da za a bayyana irin wadannan halayen. Don wannan labarin, zan yi amfani da "jita-jitar Intanet" saboda ana amfani dashi a cikin bincike, amma zan dawo ga tambayoyin nomen.
Yaya jarabar intanet ta yaɗu a tsakanin ɗalibai? Bincike a ƙasashe daban-daban ya haifar da ƙiyasi daban-daban: Wani bincike a Italiya, misali, ya gano cewa akwai ƙarancin kamuwa da cuta (0.8%) [ 1 ], yayin da aka ruwaito cewa adadin kamuwa da cuta ya kai kashi 18% a Burtaniya [ 2 ]. Wani bita na baya-bayan nan da aka yi kan fiye da bincike 103 game da wannan lamari ya gano cewa sama da kashi 12% na ɗalibai maza da kashi 5% na ɗalibai mata a China sun nuna alamun jarabar intanet [ 3 ]. Sha'awar intanet ta fi yaɗuwa fiye da kawai a harabar jami'a inda kwamfutocin tafi-da-gidanka da dakunan gwaje-gwaje na kwamfuta ke cikin sauƙi; ana kuma ganin hakan a cikin ɗaliban makarantar sakandare da na sakandare. Wani bincike na tsawon lokaci da aka yi kan ɗaliban makarantar sakandare na Hong Kong ya nuna cewa yawan kamuwa da cutar ya kai kashi 26.7% [ 4 ].
Ƙwaƙwalwar Intanit ya fi girma fiye da kawai a cikin ɗakunan jami'a inda kwamfyutocin kwamfyutocin da kwamfyutocin kwamfuta ke da sauki; Ana kuma ganin shi a makarantar sakandare da dalibai na tsakiya
Babban ƙalubalen da ya shafi fahimtarmu game da waɗannan yawan kamuwa da cuta shine akwai kayan aiki daban-daban da ake amfani da su don tantance halayen jaraba [ 5 ]. Yawancin masu bincike sun fara kusantar jarabar intanet ta amfani da dabarun tantancewa na asibiti waɗanda suka dogara da tambayoyin kai-tsaye waɗanda aka tsara don bambance mutanen da ke fama da cutar daga mutanen da ba su da lafiya. Kimantawa ta farko ta dogara ne akan ka'idojin ganewar asali na shan muggan kwayoyi, misali, waɗanda suka haɗa da sharuɗɗa kamar haƙuri, alamun janyewa, amfani da abu a cikin adadi mai yawa fiye da yadda aka yi niyya, sha'awar da ta daɗe tana da yawa, da sakamako mara kyau. Fassara waɗannan zuwa sharuɗɗan da za su iya bambanta masu shan muggan kwayoyi ta hanyar maye gurbin 'Intanet' da 'abu' ya haifar da wasu halaye marasa daɗi. Misali, wani yunƙuri na farko ya bayyana haƙuri a matsayin "buƙatar ƙaruwar lokaci sosai akan Intanet don cimma gamsuwa", da kuma "rage tasirin da aka samu tare da ci gaba da amfani da lokaci iri ɗaya akan Intanet" ( http://www.urz.uni-heidelberg.de/Netzdienste/anleitung/wwwtips/8/addict.html ).
Sauran binciken sun zana kan halaye na caca, wanda yanzu ake kira 'matsalar caca' a cikin DSM ‐ V, wanda kuma yayi kama da irin halin da muke gani a ɗaliban da ke nuna matsala ta amfani da Intanet. Bugu da ƙari, binciken sau da yawa sauƙaƙe musayar kalmomin 'Amfani da Intanet' don 'caca'. Tambayar Binciken Matasa, alal misali, ta ƙunshi eh ko yes ko ‐ babu abubuwa da aka zana kai tsaye daga ƙa'idodin da aka yi amfani da su don gano masu caca. Wata tambaya tana tambaya: "Shin kuna jin nutsuwa, da yanayi, ko bacin rai, ko kuma jin haushi lokacin da kuke ƙoƙarin yanke ko daina amfani da Intanet?" Wani ya tambaya, "Shin kun yi ƙarya ga danginku, masu ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali, ko wasu don ɓoye girman shiga yanar gizo?" Daga baya an fadada wannan binciken zuwa tambayoyin 20 ‐, wanda ake kira Gwajin Addin Intanet (IAT) tare da ma'auni na maki biyar don batutuwa zasu iya nuna irin yadda suke shiga cikin halayen da ke ba da shawarar jaraba. Ga yawancin binciken, masu bincike sun kafa adadi don rarraba masu amsa azaman masu amfani da Intanet na yau da kullun, ko kuma suna da lahani aƙalla wani mataki.
Tare da matakai daban-daban - ba kawai don gano siffofin daban-daban ba, amma har ma don daidaitawa da bincike akan al'amuran da yawa - ba abin mamaki bane cewa yawan adadin yawa ya bambanta sosai. Za a iya kirkiro mutum guda a matsayin nazari a binciken daya da al'ada a cikin wani, dangane da binciken da aka yi amfani da ita.
Wani matsala shi ne cewa yawancin tambayoyin sun zama marasa tsayi kuma suna yaudarar saboda karuwar 24 / 7. Alal misali, wata tambaya a kan IAT ta tambaya: "Sau nawa kuke yin sababbin dangantaka tare da masu amfani da layi na yanar gizo?" Wani zai iya jayayya cewa amsawa 'sau da yawa' zai iya nuna kyakkyawan yanayin rayuwa na '' matasan 'wanda ɗaliban yake fadada ita cibiyar sadarwar abokai da kuma sanin ta hanyar kafofin watsa labarun. Yawancin jami'o'i suna ƙarfafa irin wannan sadarwar don haɓaka dangantaka tsakanin ɗalibai masu zuwa da kuma taimaka musu su kauce wa ƙarewa. Za a iya gane 'ganewar asali' na jarabawar Intanit ta hanyar kuskure ta hanyar haɗin kan jama'a ko amfani da amfani da fasaha na lokacin da ake amfani da shi a kan layi.
Intanit ba wani abu ne da muke 'shiga cikin' ga wasu lokaci na lokaci ba, zaune a gaban komfutar kwamfutar
Yawancin bincike kuma yayi ƙoƙari don tantance jaraba ta hanyar amfani da adadin lokaci da aka kashe a kan layi, amma dalibai suna haɗuwa da intanet a kusan duk lokacin yanzu, ta hanyar Wi-Fi ko kuma yarjejeniyar wayar salula. Dalibai suna dogara ga Intanit don nazarin, karanta labarai, sadarwa da kuma nishaɗi kansu. Suna da yawa yayin da suke kallo wasan kwallon kafa ko (bakin ciki) suna halarci kundin. Ganin talabijin, su 'multiscreen' da kuma tweet zuwa ga abokai game da wasan kwaikwayon da suke iya kallon su daga ɗakin dakuna ko ɗakin kwana. Kuma tare da Netflix, Hulu, da kuma sauran shafukan yanar-gizon kan layi, suna iya zama yanar-gizon hanyoyi daban-daban. Intanit ba wani abu ne da muke 'shiga cikin' ga wasu lokaci na lokaci ba, zaune a gaban komfutar kwamfutar.
Babu shakka cewa matasa matasa na 21st sun kasance sun fi dogara ga haɗuwa don nazarin, wasa, sadarwa, da zamantakewa
Wani abin lura ga ci gaban binciken da ya dogara da waɗannan kayan aikin aunawa daban-daban shine cewa manyan abubuwan da suka fi mayar da hankali a kansu sun bayyana suna haɗuwa. Wani bincike da aka yi kan irin waɗannan kayan aikin guda goma sha huɗu ya gano cewa yawancinsu suna ɗaukar sakamako mara kyau da amfani da ƙarfi a matsayin manyan fasaloli don gano jarabar Intanet [ 6 ]. Wannan fifikon ba shi da yuwuwar bayar da maki mai yawa ga ɗaliban yau waɗanda ke kan layi a mafi yawan rana kuma waɗanda suka dogara da kafofin watsa labarun don kiyayewa da faɗaɗa hanyar sadarwar abokantakarsu. Madadin haka, ingantattun binciken za su gano mutanen da ke fuskantar mummunan tasiri, ko waɗanda ke son 'fita daga tsarin' amma ba su iya sarrafa kansu ba. Haɗuwa a cikin girman kuma yana nuna cewa akwai ci gaba da yarda game da ma'anar matsalar jarabar Intanet da fahimtar mafi mahimmancin alamunta. Babu shakka cewa matasan ƙarni na 21 sun fi dogaro da haɗin kai don karatu, wasa, sadarwa, da kuma hulɗa da jama'a. Duk mun yi. Amma kuskure ne a sanya wannan a matsayin jaraba, kuma fifikon sakamako mara kyau da amfani da ƙarfi don haka bambanci ne mai taimako (Tebur 1 ).
Menene halayen haɗari masu alaƙa da jarabar Intanet a cikin ɗalibai? Kasancewa namiji ɗayan ne, saboda yawancin karatun suna samun mafi girma tsakanin samari da samari idan aka kwatanta da mata. Emaramin darajar kai yana bayyana sau da yawa, tare da baƙin ciki, ƙiyayya da rashin kwanciyar hankali. A wasu halaye, mutanen da aka lasafta su a matsayin masu larurar Intanet suna nuna halaye marasa kyau, irin su baƙin ciki, alamomin ive tilastawa, da shan giya. Ba a bayyana yadda waɗannan abubuwan suke da alaƙa dangane da abin da ya haifar da sakamako ba. Misali, rashin karfin hankali na iya haifar da matsala ta amfani da Intanet tare da barasa ko kwayoyi. Bacin rai da rashin girman kai na iya sa ɗalibai tserewa zuwa cikin duniyar duniyar ta yau da kullun, inda suke da iko kan ainihin asalinsu kuma suna iya ƙirƙirar halayen su. Bacin rai da rashin girman kai na iya zama sakamakon rashin iya sarrafa ayyukan mutum na kan layi, ko duka biyun. Alaƙar da ke tsakanin waɗannan mahimman abubuwan na iya zama mai rikitarwa da bi-bi-bi-bi-bi da bi.
Nazarin farko da ke binciken yadda ayyukan jijiyoyi da sinadarai ke da alaƙa da jarabar intanet sun ba da rahoton wasu abubuwa masu ban sha'awa. Misali, masu amfani da intanet masu tilastawa suna nuna nau'ikan ayyuka daban-daban a yankuna na kwakwalwa waɗanda aka sanya su cikin lada da sarrafa motsin rai. Hakanan suna nuna raguwar yawan abubuwan launin toka a yankuna da dama [ 7 ]. Sakamakon da aka samu daga hoton maganadisu mai aiki ya nuna cewa matasa masu jarabar intanet sun rage haɗin aikin kwakwalwa [ 8 ]. A zahiri, wani bincike ya gano raguwar kauri na cortical a yankin orbitofrontal tsakanin samari da aka gano suna da jarabar intanet idan aka kwatanta da yara na yau da kullun [ 9 ]. Da yawa daga cikin waɗannan bambance-bambancen a cikin aikin kwakwalwa da ilimin jijiyoyi sun yi daidai da bambance-bambance iri ɗaya da aka samu tsakanin mutanen da ke da jarabar sinadarai da kuma kula da lafiya. Irin waɗannan alamu kuma suna bayyana a cikin mutanen da ke da matsalar caca, wanda shine dalili ɗaya da ya sa aka haɗa matsalar caca a ƙarƙashin taken 'Matsalar Abubuwan da ke da Alaƙa da jaraba' a cikin DSM-V. Yana da jaraba a yi tunanin cewa abin da ake kira 'jarabawar ɗabi'a' yana raba hanyoyin kwakwalwa tare da wasu cututtukan jaraba da suka shafi abubuwa. Idan an tabbatar da waɗannan kamanceceniya, jarabar ɗabi'a na iya zama mafi kyawun misali don fahimtar ɗabi'ar jaraba idan aka kwatanta da jarabar abubuwa, saboda ba sa haɗa da sinadarai masu guba waɗanda ke haifar da tasirinsu ga kwakwalwa da hali.
Ganin duk waɗannan abubuwan da ke rikitar da mutane, shin kalmar 'matsalar jarabar intanet' ta dace? Ko da yanzu ana amfani da ita sosai, wasu suna jayayya cewa yaudara ce kuma ya kamata a yi watsi da ita [ 10 ]. Ɗaya daga cikin ƙalubalen fahimtar matsalar amfani da intanet shine cewa intanet tana ba da ayyuka masu yawa, kuma muhallin da kanta da fasaharta na ci gaba da canzawa da girma. A wasu lokuta, mutanen da suka yi kama da sun kamu da intanet suna da jaraba ga wani abu - misali caca - kuma suna amfani da intanet ne kawai a matsayin hanyar isar da sako. A wasu lokuta, ayyukan kan layi na iya kasancewa a layi, amma suna bayyana daban-daban a duniyar kan layi inda amincin nesa na zahiri da fahimtar rashin sirri suka fi bayyana. Cybersex da cin zarafin yanar gizo misalai ne. Yanayin mahalli da yawa na kan layi yana haifar da ƙarin ɗabi'a mara kyau.
Kalmar "Jita-jitar Intanet" na iya zama ma'anar a cikin 1990s, lokacin da masu amfani da Intanit kaɗan ne kuma zaɓin su ya iyakance ga hawan igiyar ruwa, imel, tattaunawar tattaunawa da ƙungiyar Usenet, wasu wasanni, da kuma wasu ' '(MUDs). Bayan haka, mutane sun shiga yanar-gizon ta hanyar kiran lambar waya da kuma haɗin kwamfutar su zuwa modem. Facebook bai wanzu ba, kuma babu wani nau'in wasan kwaikwayo na yanar gizo masu yawa (MMORPGs) tare da miliyoyin masu amfani da fasaha na 3D masu ban mamaki. Wayoyin hannu suna da tsada kuma ba a yalwace ba, musamman ba a tsakanin ɗaliban ba.
Yanzu, muna ganin matsala wajen amfani da intanet saboda dalilai daban-daban. Yawancin yanayi na intanet suna ba da kwarewa da yawa daga mahangar tunani, kowannensu yana da fasaloli masu ban sha'awa waɗanda zasu iya haifar da matsala [ 11 ]. Masu amfani da Facebook na iya samun kansu suna ɓatar da lokaci fiye da yadda suka yi niyya a Facebook, suna duba cikin sauri a cikin kowane minti 15 don ganin adadin 'likes' da suka samu na sabon rubutunsu. Ga mutanen da ke da son kai, Facebook da Twitter na iya zama masu ɓata lokaci yayin da suke ci gaba da faɗaɗa shafinsu da hotuna da tsokaci na 'selfie', kuma suna ƙoƙarin faɗaɗa yawan masu sauraronsu. Damuwa ta zamantakewa kuma na iya zama abin da ke haifar da yawan amfani da intanet. Tsoron rasa - 'FOMO' - na iya zama babban dalilin da ya sa wasu ɗalibai ke duba kafofin sada zumunta sau da yawa, dare da rana. Hakika, yawan amfani da Facebook yana rage jin daɗin rayuwa a cikin matasa, maimakon sa su ji suna da haɗin kai da rashin damuwa a cikin zamantakewa [ 12 ].
Ga mutanen dake da haɗari, Facebook da Twitter za su iya zama lokacin cavernous lokacin da suke ci gaba da fadada shafin su tare da 'hotuna' da 'comments'
Caca wata babbar matsala ce ga matasa waɗanda suka sami maki mai yawa a binciken jarabar intanet. A gaskiya ma, yayin da DSM‐V bai haɗa da 'cutar jarabar intanet' ba, ya ƙara 'cutar cacar intanet' a matsayin yanayin da ke buƙatar ƙarin nazari a Sashe na III. Yawancin binciken da ke ƙoƙarin kimanta yawan jama'a da kuma gano alaƙar jarabar intanet na iya bayyana tarin matasa waɗanda 'yan wasa masu tilastawa suka mamaye, waɗanda halayensu zai bambanta da, misali, masu son kai a Facebook. Nazarin da ke bincika musamman 'yan wasan tilastawa suna samun alaƙa kamar kaɗaici, ƙarancin girman kai, tashin hankali, ƙiyayya, da neman jin daɗi [ 13 ]. Yawancin yaran da aka gano suna da jarabar intanet a cikin binciken da aka tantance ayyukan kwakwalwa suna nan saboda wasanni.
Wasanni sun zo da yawa iri, duk da haka, kuma mutanen da suka zama tsinkaye ga irin nau'in wasan zasu iya samun siffofin daban-daban idan aka kwatanta da waɗanda suka yi wasa da wani wanda ya dace. Wasu wasanni suna jaddada ladaran zamantakewa maimakon tashin hankali, gasar, da kuma rinjaye. Yin wasa da Farmville tare da abokai na Facebook, alal misali, ya ƙunshi abubuwa da dama da ke ba da kyauta da hadin gwiwa; ayyuka da suka taimaka wajen kula da zamantakewa. Mutane suna shiga simintin wasan kwaikwayon da ake kira Second Life musamman don dalilai na zamantakewa. Kalmar "Cibiyar caca ta Intanet" na iya ƙara rikicewa saboda mutane suna wasa da wasanni akan na'urori daban-daban, tare da ko ba tare da haɗin hanyar sadarwa ba.
Ayyukan yanar gizon na uku wanda za'a iya haɗuwa a cikin rikitarwa ta Intanit yana ƙunshe da wayoyin salula: kalmar "ƙwaƙwalwar wayar hannu" ana amfani da ita lokacin amfani da abin da ya faru. Yawancin laccoci na gargajiya don tantance buri na Intanit kada ka matsa matsala ta wayar tafi da gidanka ta hanyar sauƙi, saboda haka sabon bincike yana samuwa tare da abubuwa kamar "Yin amfani da wayata ta hannu a dare yana tasirin barci", ko "Ina ƙoƙarin ɓoye wayan wayar hannu" . Wayoyin hannu, ba shakka, suna ba da dama ga kowane yanayi na Intanit tare da murya da kiran bidiyo, saƙon rubutu, rikodin bidiyo, da kuma dubban aikace-aikacen da ba a taɓa jurewa ba musamman ga ƙananan fuska. Bugu da ƙari, suna ƙara sabon nau'i domin suna ko da yaushe akwai, ba kamar tebur ko ma kwamfuta kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka ba.
Dalibai suna amfani da wayoyin hannu yayin tafiya zuwa ɗalibai, hawa a kan bas, ko jira ga mai hawa. Wadannan 'ragulgula' 'wadanda mutane zasu iya shiga cikin abubuwan da ke cikin layi ba su samuwa ba. Wannan zai iya zama babban amfani ga masu ilimin da suke so su jawo hanzari don bunkasa ilmantarwa na dalibai. Amma ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar wayoyin tafi-da-gidanka na iya tsoma baki tare da dangantaka tsakanin fuska da fuska da kuma rashin aikin ilimi.
Bincike kan matsalar amfani da wayar hannu yana da iyaka, amma wannan lamari tabbas yana jan hankali. Misali, wani bincike da aka yi kan matan jami'o'i a Taiwan ya gano cewa ɗaliban da suka sami maki mafi girma a gwajin jarabar wayar hannu sun nuna ƙarin son kai da damuwa, da kuma ɗan ƙaramin girman kai [ 14 ]. Mata sun fi maza saurin kamuwa da amfani da wayar hannu fiye da kima.
Wani muhimmin abu na wayoyin hannu wanda zai iya zama wani muhimmin sinadari da ke haifar da matsala ga ɗabi'u ya haɗa da saƙonnin rubutu, ko dai kai tsaye ko ta hanyar Twitter da makamantansu. Binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa matasa sun fara barin Facebook, musamman yayin da iyayensu da kakanninsu ke ƙirƙirar asusu kuma suna neman a yi musu 'abokanta', kuma suna komawa ga Twitter [ 15 ]. Wannan yanayin yana girma da canzawa, tare da ƙarin ayyuka kamar Vine kwanan nan, wanda ke ba masu amfani damar ƙirƙirar bidiyo na daƙiƙa shida don rabawa tare da mabiyansu.
Hanyoyin yanar gizon da suka fi sau da yawa na farko da aka samo don yin amfani da yanar-gizon mai matsala an tsara su sosai don su zama masu tsayi. Alal misali, kamfanonin wasan kwaikwayo na kan layi sun haɗu da masanan kimiyyar bayanai ga 'babban bayanan' wanda aka tattara, kamar yadda miliyoyin 'yan wasa suka shiga don kashe dodanni, saya kayayyaki masu kyau ko yin hulɗa tare da wasu avatars. Cibiyoyin sadarwar zamantakewa kuma suna ba da albarkatu masu yawa don tsayin daka saboda samfuran kasuwancin su dogara ne akan ƙididdiga masu yawa akan halayyar mai amfani don raba tare da masu talla don tallan tallan.
Ko da kuwa akwai alamun da ake amfani da su wajen bayyana matsalar amfani da intanet, a bayyane yake cewa damuwa na ƙaruwa. Malaman jami'a da ma'aikatan lafiya sun fi mai da hankali kan yadda ɗalibai ke ɓatar da lokacinsu ta intanet, kuma iyaye masu takaici suna neman taimakon ƙwararru. Cibiyoyin magani suna buɗewa a wurare da yawa a duniya, ciki har da China, Koriya ta Kudu, Taiwan, Amurka, Netherlands da Birtaniya. Hanyoyin magani sun bambanta, tun daga hanyoyin magance halayyar fahimta da ba da shawara zuwa amfani da magunguna da aka saba amfani da su don magance yanayi kamar ADHD ko baƙin ciki [ 16 ]. Ana amfani da sa ido kan ayyuka sosai saboda marasa lafiya da yawa suna shiga duniyar yanar gizo da suka fi so na tsawon lokaci fiye da yadda suka zata, yayin da suke haɓaka 'kwarara' kuma lokaci yana tafiya. Agogon ƙararrawa da takamaiman saitin manufa don sarrafa amfani da Intanet suma kayan aiki ne masu kyau. Yayin da magani ke ci gaba, ana amfani da dabarun haɗa ingantaccen iko akan amfani da Intanet zuwa girman kai. Har zuwa wani lokaci, likitoci suna dogara da dabarun da ake amfani da su don magance wasu jaraba saboda rashin wani tushe mai ƙarfi na bincike don magance 'jarabar Intanet' da kansu [ 17 ].
Canje-canjen canji a yanar-gizon na iya zama da sauri ga nau'o'in gwagwarmayar gwagwarmayar sarrafawa wanda ke haifar da jiyya ga sauran cututtuka. Amma masu sayarwa na fasaha na zamani na iya kasancewa don samar da sababbin kayan aiki. Ɗaya daga cikin wayoyin tafi-da-gidanka, alal misali, yana ba da kulawar aiki don abin da ake kira 'namophobia'-tsoron kasancewa daga waya ta wayar tarho (Sunan yana fitowa daga NO waya). Aikace-aikacen na nuna alamun da kuma sigogi na nuna lokaci nawa tsakanin kowane duba na allon wayarka.
Malaman jami'a da ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya sun fi kulawa sosai game da yadda dalibai ke amfani da lokaci a kan layi, kuma iyayen da ke takaici suna neman taimako na sana'a
Tare da haɗuwa don haka yadawa, da kuma tantance ayyukan kan layi na yau da kullum, matasa suna ciyarwa da yawa lokaci-lokaci akan nazarin-layi, koyo, sadarwa, samarwa, da kuma nishaɗi kansu. Wannan ba lallai ba ne rashin lafiya, amma don ƙananan ƙila zai iya zama haɗari mai dadi yayin haɗuwa tare da ƙananan muhalli da muhalli wanda ya haɓaka haɗari ga halin ƙari. Hakazalika da caca, yawancin layi na kan layi suna bada siffofi na musamman da kuma tilasta yin amfani da amfani akai-akai kuma zai iya haifar da alamun ƙetace hali. Matsayi mai mahimmanci, ragowar kayan haɗin gwiwa wanda aka tsara a cikin na'urori na shinge suna kula da karɓaɓɓen amsawa mai mahimmanci, kuma yawancin layi na yanar gizo suna yin haka. Alal misali, irin wannan ladaran sakamako shine wata dalili da matasa ke duba su wayoyin wayoyi akai-akai don sabuntawa ko sababbin saƙonnin rubutu. 'Ciwon jima'i na yanar gizo' bazai zama lokaci mai dacewa ba, amma matsaloli suna da gaske kuma waɗannan ɗaliban da basu iya sarrafa ayyukansu na kan layi, wanda digiri suka sauko kuma wanda dangantaka tare da abokai da iyalin iyali, suna bukatar taimako.
Bayanan kalmomi
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Marubucin ya furta cewa ba ta da rikici.
- © 2014 Mawallafin
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