Matsalar matsalar wasa ta kunna: ƙwarewar dabi'u na motsa jiki, sha'awar, da kuma wasa a cikin maza (2015)

1. Gabatarwa

Matsalar caca ta intanet, wadda aka fi sani da jarabar caca, ta shiga cikin muhawarar jama'a da binciken kimiyya. Wannan lamari da alama an sanya shi a matsayin sabuwar cuta da ta taso a ƙarni na dijital, musamman ma lokacin da ake samun wasannin kan layi. Cibiyoyin bayanai da dama da dama na magancewa sun riga sun wanzu tsawon shekaru. A cewar majiyoyi daban-daban, kashi 3%, 9% ko 11% na 'yan wasa ana iya ɗaukar su a matsayin 'yan wasa masu matsala [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Sau da yawa ana bayyana halayen wasa masu matsala ta hanyar samun matsaloli da rayuwa ta ainihi saboda yawan wasa; saboda haka, 'yan wasa masu matsala galibi ana ɗaukar su a matsayin masu jaraba/sun kamu da matsalar caca ta intanet.

A matsayin martani ga wannan ci gaban, APA (Ƙungiyar Masu Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam ta Amurka) ta yanke shawarar lissafa "Matsalar Wasannin Intanet" a Sashe na III na Littafin Bincike da Ƙididdiga na Cututtukan Hankali na 5 (DSM 5) domin ƙarfafa masana kimiyya su gudanar da ƙarin bincike don tantance ko ya kamata a haɗa wannan matsalar a cikin tsarar DSM mai zuwa. Yawancin nazarin da suka mayar da hankali kan kayan aikin bincike [ 4 ] da abubuwan haɗari [ 5 ] ba kasafai suke gano masu shan kwayoyi ba amma 'yan wasa masu matsalar halayyar wasa. Yawancin bincike kan wannan batu galibi suna nazarin batutuwa waɗanda ke tsakanin "babu matsalar halayyar wasa" da "halayya", yayin da wasu bincike kaɗan ne kawai suka sami damar gano 'yan wasa masu jaraba. Dole ne mu tuna cewa duk da binciken da aka yi, an gano cewa halayen wasa masu matsala da jaraba suna wanzu kuma suna haifar da matsaloli masu yawa a rayuwar yau da kullun. Waɗannan matsalolin rayuwa ta yau da kullun saboda matsalar halayyar wasa sun isa dalili don bincika ƙarin abubuwan haɗari da haɗuwarsu don gano dalilai da taimaka wa 'yan wasa su kasance cikin koshin lafiya. Dangane da wannan buƙatar bayyana yanayin matsalar caca ta Intanet, yunƙurin da aka yi kwanan nan bayan haɗawa cikin DSM sun mayar da hankali kan cimma yarjejeniya tsakanin ƙwararru a matakin al'adu daban-daban game da kimanta matsalar caca ta Intanet [ 6 ].

Har yanzu tambaya ce a buɗe take dalilin da yasa wasu 'yan wasa ke ƙara samun matsala a wasan fiye da wasu. Wata ra'ayi ita ce mutane sun bambanta dangane da dalilin da yasa suke wasa kuma wasu dalilai na iya yin tasiri mai ƙarfi akan matsalolin da suka shafi wasan fiye da wasu. Bugu da ƙari, sha'awar wasan na iya zama mai yawan damuwa, wanda zai iya haifar da matsalolin wasan. Tunda halayen wasa na yau da kullun da halayen wasan suna kan ci gaba [ 7 ], akwai dalilai da takamaiman nau'in sha'awa, waɗanda ke ba da gudummawa ga matsalolin wasan fiye da wasu. Domin hana ci gaban matsalolin wasan, yana da mahimmanci a bincika wane dalili ne ke iya zama abin haɗari da kuma bincika rawar da sha'awa ke takawa. Saboda haka, binciken da ake yi yanzu yana nufin gwada ko dalilai da aka sani na wasan wasa da sha'awar wasan suna taimakawa ga matsalolin wasan.

Domin tsara wallafe-wallafe masu yawa game da jarabar wasanni/matsalar caca ta intanet, Kuss da Griffiths [ 7 ] sun gabatar da wani bita mai tsari, suna samar da tsarin da ke rarraba nazarin da ake da shi. Dangane da wallafe-wallafen gwaji, sun yi jayayya cewa matsalar caca ta intanet ta biyo bayan ci gaba, tun daga abubuwan da suka gabata a fannin ilimin halittu da abubuwan da ke haifar da haɗari (1) har zuwa ci gaban jarabar "cikakken"; (2) zuwa sakamako dangane da mummunan sakamako, da kuma (3) maganin da zai iya yiwuwa.

Dangane da rukuni na farko, an gano abubuwa da yawa da ke haifar da haɗari. Musamman ma, lokacin wasa har yanzu ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin babban ma'aunin ganewar asali, domin an gano cewa yana da alaƙa sosai da mummunan sakamakon wasan dijital [ 8 ]. Amma lokacin wasa a matsayin abu ɗaya mai haɗari bai isa ya bayyana matsalar halayyar wasa ba [ 8 ].

An gano abubuwan da ke haifar da haɗari a cikin halayen mutum (misali, ƙarancin girman kai, [ 9 , 10 ]), yanayin zamantakewa ([ 11 ], misali, kaɗaici, [ 12 ]), da kuma kwanan nan dalilai na yin wasa [ 8 , 13 ] a matsayin sha'awa (misali, [ 14 ]). Halayen mutum da aka gano suna taimakawa ga matsalar wasan za a iya haɗa su a ƙarƙashin halaye uku; shiga tsakani, rashin jin daɗi, da rashin sha'awa [ 7 ]. A cewar Kuss da Griffiths [ 7 ], halayen mutum ba abubuwan haɗari bane na musamman ga matsalar wasan, amma gabaɗaya halayen matsala ne. Kammalawarsu ita ce har yanzu ba zai yiwu a dogara da mahimmancin rashin lafiyar waɗannan binciken ba. Dangane da dalilan wasa, Kuss da Griffiths [ 7 ] sun gano bincike 13 waɗanda suka mayar da hankali kan dalilan yin wasa da kuma matsalar halin wasan. Idan aka yi la'akari da cewa kafin wasa ya zama matsala, ana iya ɗaukarsa a matsayin abin sha'awa na yau da kullun ga matasa [ 15 ], takamaiman dalilan wasan na iya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka matsalar wasan. Gabaɗaya, Kuss da Griffiths [ 7 ] sun kammala da cewa dalilai ne da suka shafi rashin iya jurewa, zamantakewa, da gamsuwa ta mutum wanda ya zama abubuwan haɗari ga haɓaka matsalar wasan. Hira da aka yi da kansiloli waɗanda ke aiki tare da 'yan wasa masu matsala sun tabbatar da wannan binciken [ 16 ].

Lallai, mummunar lalacewa ne saboda wasanni na dijital suna neman bayar da cikakkun hanyoyin da za su magance matsalolin rayuwa na ainihi waɗanda aka gano su ne abubuwan haɗari ga halin halayen matsala. Musamman mabudin duniya da yawa na Ayyukan Wasanni na Multiplayer Online (MMORPGs) suna ba da dama don shiga cikin rayuwa mai rai wanda mai kunnawa ya sarrafa shi gaba daya. Masu wasan suna iya ƙirƙirar kansu da ake kira avatar (dabi'u mai kama da hankali), wanda ya dace da ainihin asalin su. Sabon iyalan zasu iya shiga tare da sabbin abokai. Yan wasan suna da damar samun wani abu, koda kuwa aikin da ke ciki ko rayuwar makaranta ya gaza. Bugu da ƙari, za a iya amfani da wasanni na layi don magance matsalolin da suka shafi ainihin duniya ta hanyar ba da zarafin damar tserewa.

Yee ta samar da tsarin da ke rarraba dalilan wasa zuwa manyan sassa uku kuma ta bayyana dalilan yin wasa musamman MMORPGs: nasara, hulɗar zamantakewa, da nutsewa [ 17 ]. Waɗannan dalilai guda uku na yin wasa suna ba da ra'ayi game da dalilin da yasa wani abu ya fara wasa kuma ya ci gaba da kasancewa tare da wannan sha'awa. A cikin waɗannan dalilan yin wasa, an gano bambance-bambancen jinsi suna faruwa: Yayin da maza suka fi sha'awar cimma nasara, mata suna komawa ga wasanni saboda hulɗar zamantakewa [ 18 ]. Ƙarin bincike kan batun dalilan yin wasa ya yi amfani da ka'idar yanke shawara kuma ya yi nasara wajen gano cewa yin wasanni na iya biyan buƙatu uku na asali: 'yancin kai (kasancewa cikin iko), nasara (jin ƙwarewa), da alaƙa [ 19 ]. Idan an biya waɗannan buƙatu, za a cimma jin daɗi [ 20 ]. Duk da haka, wasan da ke da matsala ba zai sake kasancewa da alaƙa da jin daɗi na gaske da ya samo asali daga nishaɗin kafofin watsa labarai ba amma don magance matsalolin rayuwa ta gaske ta hanyar yin wasanni. A wannan yanayin, gamsuwar buƙata ta ciki ba ita ce ƙarfin motsawa da kuma kwarin gwiwa ga wasan da ya dogara da jin daɗi da aka canza ba. Maimakon wasannin nishaɗi yanzu suna ba da dabarun tserewa daga matsalolin rayuwa na gaske abin da ke da alaƙa da kwarin gwiwar nutsewa da Yee ya samu [ 17 ]. Caplan, Williams da Yee [ 21 ] sun gwada wannan zato kai tsaye kuma sun gano cewa motsa jiki na nutsewa shine kawai dalilin yin wasa wanda ke da ƙimar hasashen haɓaka amfani da Intanet mai matsala.

Hakika, Hellström, Nilsson, Leppert, da Åslund [ 8 ] sun bayar da shaida ga hulɗar zamantakewa da nasara don rage matsalar wasan yayin da nutsewa yana da alaƙa mai kyau da matsalolin da ke tattare da [ 8 ]. Yayin da aka yi la'akari da nutsewa cikin dalili, matsalar ita ce halayyar wasan. Kneer da Glock sun sami irin wannan sakamakon [ 13 ]. An sake gano nutsewa a matsayin mafi haɗarin motsa jiki don haɓaka matsalar wasan. A cikin waɗannan nazarin guda biyu, dalilan wasa sun bayyana matsalar halin wasa fiye da lokacin wasa shi kaɗai. Wannan shine shaida ta farko da ke nuna cewa dalilan wasa - musamman nutsewa - na iya taimakawa wajen fahimtar matsalar wasan. Manufar farko ta bincikenmu ita ce mu kwafi waɗannan sakamakon ta hanyar nuna cewa abubuwan da ke motsa wasa suna da ƙimar hasashen wasan matsala da kuma gwada ko nutsewa shine mafi haɗarin dalilin ci gaban matsalar wasan matsala, yayin da hulɗar zamantakewa da abubuwan da ke motsa nasara ba su da haɗari.

Bayan dalilai, ana iya bayyana bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin wasan da ke da lafiya da kuma wanda ke da matsala ta hanyar wani ƙarin ma'auni: sha'awa. Tsarin sha'awa mai rikitarwa yana bambanta tsakanin sha'awa mai jituwa da mai cike da damuwa kuma an bayyana shi ta hanyar yiwuwar sarrafa shiga cikin wani aiki [ 22 ]. Sha'awa mai jituwa yana nufin mutane su karɓi aikin a matsayin wani ɓangare na asalin su kuma su ɗauke shi a matsayin mahimmanci amma har yanzu suna da 'yancin zaɓar ko kuma yadda za su shiga. Ana ba da sha'awa mai zurfi lokacin da aikin ke sarrafa muhimman sassan asali kamar girman kai ko yarda da zamantakewa da/ko mutumin dangane da farin cikin da ya haifar da aikin. A wata ma'anar: a ƙarƙashin sha'awa mai jituwa, mutum yana sarrafa aikin, yayin da yake ƙarƙashin sha'awa mai rikitarwa, mutum yana sarrafa aikin. An bincika ɓangarorin biyu na sha'awa da hulɗarsu da wasan da ke da matsala [ 23 ]. Utz, Jonas, da Tonkens [ 14 ] sun gabatar da manufar sha'awa mai jituwa da mai cike da damuwa don bambance tsakanin yanayin wasan, tare da sha'awar mai cike da damuwa wanda ke haifar da wani abu mai sauƙin kamuwa don ba da gudummawa ga halayen wasa mai matsala. Dangane da wannan, Lehenbauer-Baum da Fohringer sun bambanta tsakanin 'yan wasa masu jaraba da 'yan wasa masu sha'awar aiki sosai kuma sun kammala da cewa fahimtar juna, haƙuri, da farin ciki, wanda za a iya dangantawa da sha'awar aiki mai jituwa, ba su dace da gano matsalar caca ta intanet ba [ 24 ]. Sauran sharuɗɗa, kamar yin la'akari da rikice-rikicen mutane, alamun janyewa, komawa baya da sake dawowa, da kuma halayyar da za a iya dangantawa da rashin iko da kuma sha'awar da ta wuce gona da iri, suna da alaƙa da halayen jaraba.

Duk da haka, a wannan lokacin, ba a san ko za a iya bambanta sha'awar sha'awa da wasa mai matsala ba. Zuwa yanzu, babu wani bincike da ya bambanta ra'ayoyi biyu ko kuma wani sakamako ne kawai dangane da ingancin bambance-bambancen da aka bayar. Musamman ma ingancin bambance-bambancen dole ne a yi la'akari da shi idan aka gabatar da sabon mai hasashen [ 25 ]. Ba tare da wannan binciken ba, har yanzu ba a san ko sha'awar sha'awa tana auna ra'ayi ɗaya da na wasan mai matsala ba. Don haka, burin bincikenmu na biyu da aka yi niyya don gwada sha'awar sha'awa da wasan mai matsala a matsayin ra'ayoyi daban-daban.

Lemmens et al. [ 12 ] sun bayyana nutsewa, ko shiga, a matsayin wani ɓangare na matsalar caca, da kuma sha'awar wuce gona da iri. Duk da cewa nutsewa a matsayin dalilin wasa da sha'awar wuce gona da iri an gano cewa suna da alaƙa da matsalar wasan a cikin binciken da suka gabata, ba a bincika su tare ba. Don haka, manufa ta uku ta bincikenmu ita ce haɗa dalilan wasa, sha'awa, da lokacin wasa da kuma bincika rawar da suke takawa a cikin matsalar wasan.

Bisa ga bincike na baya, muna tsammanin cewa: (H1) mai sha'awar sha'awa za a iya bambanta daga matsala game da wasanni bisa la'akari da daidaitattun bincike; (H2) lokacin wasa yana da matukar tsinkaya ga matsala game da wasa idan ba'a lura dashi ba; (H3) nutsewa a matsayin motsin motsa jiki yana da mahimmanci mai hangen nesa don matsala game wasan; (H4) m sha'awar yana da muhimmanci tsinkaya ga matsala wasan wasa; (H5) hulɗar zamantakewar al'umma da nasara kamar yadda manufar ba zata iya hango komai ba game da matsalar wasa; da kuma (H6) juriyar jituwa ba shi da wani tasiri game da matsala game da wasa.

2. Hanyar

2.2. Hanyar

Mun yi amfani da tambayoyi shida don auna dalilan wasan (nutsewa, nasara, alaƙar zamantakewa), waɗanda aka gwada a wani bincike da aka yi wa 'yan wasan Jamus [ 27 ]. An nemi mahalarta su yi hukunci a fili kan dalilan wasansu a kan sikelin maki 7 (1 = bai dace ba kwata-kwata; 7 = ya dace daidai) gami da tambayoyi biyu ga kowane ɗayan fannoni uku: "Lokacin da nake yin wasannin dijital wannan yana motsawa ta hanyar..." Ga hulɗar zamantakewa waɗannan sune: (1) Abota da (2) Farin ciki saboda goyon baya. Don cimma nasara sune: (3) Nasara da (4) Gasar. A ƙarshe, don nutsewa sune: (5) Ƙarfafawa; da (6) Tsallakewa.

An buƙaci mahalarta su amsa tambayoyi biyar bisa ga tambayoyin Jamus na Grüsser da Thalemann (2006) game da wasan da ke da matsala a sikelin maki 6-Likert (1 = bai dace ba kwata-kwata; 6 = ya dace daidai). An yi amfani da wannan tambayar cikin nasara a cikin binciken da aka yi kwanan nan tare da 'yan wasan Jamus [ 12 ] kuma ya shafi yawancin sharuɗɗan da APA ke ba da shawara a halin yanzu don gano cututtukan caca ta intanet. (1) "Shin kun taɓa rasa taro da abokai ko danginku saboda kun buga wasannin dijital maimakon haka?" (sharuɗɗa 7: matsaloli tare da iyali da abokai saboda wasan); (2) "Shin kuna sakaci da ayyukanku saboda halayen wasanku?" (sharuɗɗa 9: matsalolin aiki ko makaranta saboda wasan; sharuɗɗa 4: matsalolin sarrafawa); (3) "Shin kuna tunanin yin wasannin dijital yayin yin wani abu?" (sharuɗɗa 1: sha'awar cikin tunani, tunani mai ban tsoro; sharuɗɗa 5: asarar sha'awa a wasu abubuwan sha'awa); (4) "Shin kun taɓa yin barci ƙasa da awanni takwas saboda wasan dijital?" (sharuɗɗa na 6: ci gaba da wasanni duk da sanin matsalolin da wasanni ke haifarwa; sharuɗɗa na 3: haƙuri, ana buƙatar ƙarin lokaci); da kuma (5) "Shin kana jin tsoro idan ba ka iya yin wasu wasannin dijital ba?" (sharuɗɗa na 2: matsalolin janyewa).

Domin tantance sha'awar wasa mai cike da damuwa da jituwa, mun fassara tambayoyin daga Vallerandt et al. [ 22 ] zuwa Jamusanci. A ƙarshen gwajin, mahalarta sun cike amsoshin tambayoyin alƙaluma, ciki har da lokacin wasa a kowane mako da lokacin wasa [ 28 ] a kowane nau'i (duba Tebur 1 ).

Table 1. Hanyar da SD don wasa lokaci da nau'in a cikin sa'o'i a kowace mako.  Danna nan don nuna allo

3. Sakamako

3.2. Muhimman bayanai

3.2.1. Musayar bambancin ladabi mai ban tsoro daga halin jin tsoro

Domin mu gwada jumlarmu ta farko mun lissafa ƙimar bayyanar game da hali mai rikitarwa da kuma sha'awar damuwa. Mun yi amfani da wannan tsari daga Campell da Fiske (1959):

                 

(1)

Tare da:

• r_ij = Daidaita tsakanin hali mai rikitarwa da kuma sha'awar damuwa (0.505),
• r_ii = Tabbatacce don yanayin halayyar matsala (0.613), kuma
• r_jj = Tabbatacce ga m sha'awar (0.753).

Ingancin bambancin 0.743 ya yi ƙasa da 0.85, don haka, yana tabbatar da cewa za a iya bambance ra'ayoyin biyu [ 25 ], wanda ke goyan bayan hasashenmu (H1). Yanzu za a yi amfani da sha'awar sha'awa a matsayin hasashen wasan da ke da matsala.

3.2.2. Bayani mai mahimmanci na motsa jiki, damuwa, da lokaci

Daidaito tsakanin masu canjin hasashen duk r < 0.80 ne. Duk 1/VIFs sun kasance sama da 0.20 kuma Durbin-Watson ya kasance 1.74. Babu wani zato na gaba game da nazarin koma-baya da bayananmu suka karya. Mun gudanar da nazarin koma-baya na tsari tare da bayanan da aka canza a cikin log. Maki na wasan da ke da matsala shine ma'auni. Lokacin wasa an shigar da shi a cikin toshe na farko. A cikin toshe na gaba, an shigar da maki na sha'awa mai ban tsoro da maki na nutsewa. Toshe na uku kuma na ƙarshe ya haɗa da maki don hulɗar zamantakewa, nasara, da maki na sha'awa mai jituwa (duba Tebur 2 ) don ma'aunin beta da ƙimar don bambancin da aka bayyana).

Table 2. Daidaita beta da R2 na nazarin gyaran gyare-gyare na tsarin kulawa da sharudda game da jarabawar wasan kwaikwayon kamar ƙaddara.  Danna nan don nuna allo

 

Lokacin da aka yi amfani da lokacin yin amfani da shi a matsayin mai ba da labari, kawai 2.2% na variance aka bayyana. Kamar yadda ake tsammani (H3 da H4), ɓangaren na biyu ya nuna cewa nutsewa tare da sha'awar sha'awar ya bayyana mafi yawan ɓangaren da ke cikin rikice-rikice na wasanni lokacin da wasanni ba shi da wani mahimmanci (H2). Wadannan dalilai guda biyu sun bayyana 29% na bambancin dake cikin matsala game da wasa, wanda hakan ya fi kyau. Abokan zamantakewa, nasara, da kuma jituwa ta jituwa ba ta da wata mahimmanci mai muhimmanci (H5 da H6).

3.2.3. Haɗin kai tsakanin Wasanni Genres, Matsalolin Game da Wasan Wasanni, Ƙawama, da Kayan Gida

Don gwadawa idan abubuwan motsawa don wasan wasa da halayyar wasa game da matsala sun banbanta tsakanin nau'ikan wasan daban, mun ƙididdige daidaito tsakanin waɗancan sikeli. Babu ɗaya daga cikin alaƙar tsakanin awannin da aka kashe a kowane mako don nau'ikan nau'ikan wasa daban-daban da matsalar wasan wasa mai matsala da ta isa mahimmanci. Don sha'awar sha'awa mun sami mahimman alaƙa don awannin da aka shafe a mako don aiki, r = 0.23, p <0.05, don doke, r = 0.37, p <0.001, da rawar rawar, r = 0.20, p <0.05. Passionauna mai jituwa ta haɗu da mahimmin duka, r = 0.31, p <0.005, da kuma daban-daban, r = 0.20, p <0.05. Hulɗar zamantakewar jama'a kamar yadda motsawar motsa jiki ba ta da ma'ana tare da lokacin da aka kashe akan nau'ikan wasanni daban-daban yayin da aka sami nasara don daidaita alaƙa tare da mai harbi na farko, r = 0.20, p <0.05, da nutsuwa tare da doke, r = 0.26, p <0.05.

4. Tattaunawa

Bincikenmu ya mayar da hankali kan yadda dalilan wasan dijital da sha'awar wasan ke da alaƙa da halayen wasan da ke da matsala da kuma ko sun fi kyau a yi hasashen yanayin matsala fiye da lokacin wasa kawai. Dangane da dalilan wasa, Hellström et al. [ 8 ], da kuma Kneer da Glock [ 13 ] sun gano nutsewa a matsayin mafi mahimmancin abin da ke haifar da matsala ga wasan. Za mu iya kwafi waɗannan binciken kuma mu sami nutsewa a matsayin kawai dalilin da ke da ƙimar hasashen ga wasan da ke da matsala (manufa ta 1). Ba a gano hulɗar zamantakewa da nasara a matsayin manyan masu hasashen ba. Saboda haka, mun kammala da cewa nutsewa a matsayin dalilin wasa ya bambanta da hulɗar zamantakewa da nasara. Nutsewa da alama yana da alaƙa da dabarun magance matsala yayin da hulɗar zamantakewa da nasara na iya taimakawa ga jin daɗi maimakon ƙara yawan wasan da ke da matsala.

Wadansu suna iya zargewa cewa motsawar motsa jiki ne kawai sakamakon sakamakon matsalolin rayuwar yau da kullum. Musamman maimaitawa zai iya zama sakamakon matakan da suka haifar da sha'awar kubuta daga duk matsaloli ta hanyar wasa da wasannin. Kayan kirki duk suna magance matsaloli game da yanayin da za su amsa tambayoyin zamantakewar jama'a da / ko amsawa ga tambayoyin matsala ta yau da kullum. A wannan yanayin, ana ba da amsar rashin gaskiya domin kauce wa zargi da jin kunya da laifi. Ciki har da tambayoyi game da motsa jiki na wasa iya zama hanya daga cikin wannan matsala. Sakamakonmu yana nuna cewa haɗin gwiwar an haɗa shi da matsala game da wasa. Saboda haka, tambayoyi na jita-jita za a iya amfani dashi azaman alamar nuna matsala game da matsalar wasan.

Game da sha'awar, mun fara nazari idan sha'awar sha'awa ta iya zama ra'ayi na bambanci daga wasa mai matsala. Ƙaunar sha'awar tana nufin "kasancewar sarrafawa ta hanyar aikin" abin da ke hada da shi a cikin mafi yawan ma'anar halin haɗari. Ta haka ne, ya kasance babu tabbacin idan sha'awar sha'awa shine auna ma'aunin ra'ayi ɗaya kamar matsalar wasanni masu wuya. Sakamakonmu ya tabbatar da wannan sha'awar da aka damu da matsala game da wasanni za a iya bambanta a kan batun basira bisa gamsar da gaskiyar (burin 2). Sabili da haka, damuwa mai dadi kamar yadda ma'auni na kasancewa karkashin iko akan aikin ba yana nuna ainihin matsalolin rayuwa ba. Duk da haka, sha'awar damuwa na iya kasancewa mai daraja a cikin yanayin ci gaba da matsalar wasa.

Wang da abokan aikinsa [ 23 ] sun gano cewa sha'awar da ba ta dace ba, sabanin sha'awar da ba ta dace ba, tana da alaƙa da wasan da ke da matsala [ 23 ]. Sakamakonmu ya yi daidai da waɗannan binciken. An gano cewa sha'awar da ba ta dace ba tana da ƙimar hasashen wasan da ke da matsala, yayin da sha'awar da ba ta da alaƙa ba ta da alaƙa. Kasancewa cikin damuwa da wasanni yana haifar da rashin iko, wanda hakan alama ce ta al'ada ta nuna matsala. Akasin haka, wasan da ba ta dace ba ba shi da lafiya kwata-kwata.

Dangane da Kneer da Glock [ 13 ], mun sami ƙimar hasashen lokacin wasa ne kawai idan an yi nazarin lokacin wasa a matsayin mai hasashen lokaci ɗaya. Bugu da ƙari, ƙimar hasashen samfurin koma-baya na farko bai yi ƙasa ba. Idan aka yi la'akari da cewa lokacin wasa har yanzu ana amfani da shi azaman babban ma'auni wajen gano matsalar wasan, yayin da sha'awa da dalilan wasa ba a haɗa su cikin kayan aikin bincike ba, sakamakonmu na iya zama gudummawa ga kayan aikin bincike na gaba da shirye-shiryen shiga tsakani. Muhimmancin nutsewa a matsayin dalilin wasa da kuma fayyace ko sha'awar wasa tana da matuƙar haɗari da alama tana da ƙimar ganewar asali fiye da lokacin wasa kaɗai (manufar 3).

Bayan nazarin wasan da ke da matsala da kuma rawar da ke takawa wajen ƙarfafa gwiwa da kuma sha'awar nau'ikan wasanni daban-daban, mun gano cewa wasan da ke da matsala ba shi da alaƙa da wani nau'in wasa na musamman. Wannan sakamakon bai yi daidai da binciken da aka samu daga wasu nazarce-nazarce ba, wanda ya gano cewa musamman wasannin wasan kwaikwayo na kan layi suna da alaƙa da halaye na jaraba [ 21 ]. Wannan yana iya kasancewa saboda dalilai biyu. Na farko, takamaiman samfurinmu ya shafe mafi yawan lokaci tare da masu harbi da hannu, ba tare da wasannin wasan kwaikwayo na kan layi ba. Don haka, wasannin wasan kwaikwayo na kan layi ba su ne nau'in wasan da aka fi so a wannan samfurin ba. Na biyu, samfurinmu bai haɗa da kowane ɗan wasa mai jaraba ba. Idan akwai jaraba, wannan alaƙar na iya sake zama mai mahimmanci.

Nazarinmu ya iyakance ta hanyoyi da yawa. Mu kawai mun tantance dalilan wasa, da kuma sha'awar wasa, da wasa lokaci, da kuma rahoton da aka samu kan matsalar wasan sau daya. Nazarin nan gaba yakamata yayi bincike ko nutsarwa a matsayin babban motsin wasa da aka haɗa shi da sha'awar wasa wasa yana haifar da haɓaka wasan wasa mai matsala akan lokaci. Bugu da kari, kamar sauran karatuttukan akan wannan batun bamu da 'yan wasa da aka kara a cikin samfurin mu. Binciken mai zuwa ya kamata ya mayar da hankali ga 'yan wasan da ke shan maye don bincika dalilansu da kuma yawan sha'awar wasan idan aka kwatanta da' yan wasan lafiya.

Amfani da tambayoyin don wasan da ke da matsala yana da matuƙar muhimmanci. Ɗaya daga cikin sharuɗɗan tara da aka gabatar na APA ba a haɗa shi da tambaya kwata-kwata ba, wanda ke magance mummunan ji (misali, laifi, rashin taimako) saboda wasan. Har yanzu mun yanke shawarar amfani da wannan ma'aunin saboda nasarar da aka samu a wani bincike na Jamus da ya gabata kan wasan da ke da matsala [ 12 ]. Duk da haka, akwai sabbin ma'auni da aka haɓaka don wasan da ke da matsala [ 6 ], wanda ya kamata a yi amfani da shi a cikin nazarin gaba [ 29 ]. Dabarun samfurinmu ba a tsara su ba amma sun dace. Mun yanke shawarar wannan dabarar samfurin don rage amsoshin da ake so a zamantakewa ko nuna son kai ta hanyar gayyatar 'yan wasa zuwa dakin gwaje-gwajenmu. Bayan haka, nazarin da ke magance wasan da ke da matsala sun haɗa da tambayoyi waɗanda ka iya haifar da kunya da laifi a cikin 'yan wasa, wanda zai iya sa mahalarta su yi ƙarya game da halayensu idan aka tambaye su akan layi. Hanyarmu ta gayyatar 'yan wasa ta ba su ƙarin ji na iko, wanda ke rage amsoshin da ake so a zamantakewa da amsawa. Idan aka kwatanta da nazarin kan layi, za mu iya rage amsoshin da ke da matsala amma har yanzu muna da matsalar zaɓin kai. Wannan ba shakka yana da tasiri akan gabaɗayan sakamakonmu kamar yadda zaɓin kai don nazarin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam koyaushe ba shi da samfurin yuwuwar. Ya kamata ƙarin bincike ya yi nufin amfani da dabarun ɗaukar samfura bazuwar don samun sakamako mafi fa'ida. Bugu da ƙari, samfurinmu ya yi ƙanƙanta kuma bincikenmu ya haɗa da mahalarta maza kawai. Saboda tsadar da ake kashewa wajen gudanar da bincike a dakin gwaje-gwaje, mun ƙididdige mafi ƙarancin adadin mahalarta da muke buƙata don yin nazarin manyan hasashe (duba sashe Mahalarta da Tsarin Aiki). Dalilin haɗa mahalarta maza kawai shine cewa mahalarta mata huɗu ne kawai suka yarda su shiga cikin bincikenmu. Saboda wannan ƙaramin adadin, mun yanke shawarar haɗa mahalarta maza kawai. Duk da haka, nazarin nan gaba ya kamata ya haɗa da manyan samfura kuma ya haɗa da 'yan wasa mata suma.

5. Ƙarshe

A cikin wannan binciken, wasan motsa jiki, motsa jiki don wasan wasa da kuma lokacin wasanni an tantance su kamar yadda masu tsinkaya akan matsalar wasa. Sakamakonmu ya nuna cewa nutsewa a matsayin motsa jiki da kuma sha'awar wasa don wasan kwaikwayo na da muhimmiyar mahimmanci ga matsala game da wasanni lokacin da lokacin wasa yana da tasiri sosai a kan batun wasan kwaikwayo na damuwa idan aka yi amfani dasu a matsayin mai ba da labari. Game da ci gaba da kayan kirki na gaba, wasanni da motsa jiki ya kamata a tattauna a matsayin ma'auni.