Harkokin Sadarwar Labarai na Jama'a tsakanin Ma'aikatan Kimiyyar Lafiya ta Oman (2015)

Abstract

Daga cikin masu amfani da intanet sama da biliyan 2.5 a duk duniya, an kiyasta cewa kimanin biliyan 1.8 ne ke amfani da shafukan sada zumunta (SNSs) a shekarar 2014, wanda ke wakiltar kusan kashi 25% na jimillar yawan jama'ar duniya. 1 , 2 SNSs da aka fi amfani da su sune Facebook (Facebook, Inc., Menlo Park, California, Amurka), YouTube (YouTube, San Bruno, California, Amurka) da Twitter (Twitter, Inc., San Francisco, California, Amurka), tare da masu amfani da suka yi rijista biliyan 1.3, biliyan 1 da miliyan 645, bi da bi. 3 - 5 Bugu da ƙari, ba a san adadin ƙarin mutane da ke amfani da waɗannan SNSs ba tare da yin rijista a matsayin masu amfani ba. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, amfani da intanet a Oman ya ƙaru sosai; a cikin 2014, akwai masu biyan kuɗi sama da miliyan 2, wani yanayi da aka annabta a cikin binciken da ya gabata bisa ga tsarin ƙasashen duniya. 6 , 7 Bayan yanayin SNS na duniya, Oman a halin yanzu tana da masu amfani da Facebook sama da 600,000. 6 Duk da cewa ba a samun takamaiman alkaluman ƙasa na wasu SNSs ba, babu wani dalili da zai sa a yi zargin cewa amfani da waɗannan sauran shafuka a Oman ba shi ma ya dace da yanayin ƙasashen duniya ba.

Duk da haka, amfani da Intanet da SNSs ba abin tsoro ba ne—babban abin damuwa yana tattare da jaraba ga waɗannan nau'ikan fasaha. A shekarar 1995, likitan tabin hankali Ivan Goldberg ya gabatar da kalmar 'cutar jarabar intanet' (IAD) cikin barkwanci. 8 A shekarar 1996, an ɗauki manufar jarabar intanet da muhimmanci; an gabatar da ita a matsayin cuta ta asibiti kuma an ƙirƙiri wata tambaya mai amfani (bisa ga tambayoyin jarabar caca). 9 Kodayake har yanzu ba a san IAD a matsayin cuta ta asibiti ba, sabanin matsalar caca ta intanet, akwai goyon baya mai ƙarfi ga manufar. Bincike ya nuna cewa kashi 3-4% na matasa—a wasu lokuta, fiye da haka—suna nuna alamun jarabar intanet, tare da ɗaya daga cikin shari'o'in da suka gabata da suka shafi wani majiyyaci ɗan shekara 31 wanda ya sha wahala daga IAD ta amfani da fasahar Google Glass ^™ mai sawa (Google, Googleplex, Mountain View, California, Amurka) . 10-13

Halayen jarabar intanet sun yi kama da na kowace jaraba. Çam et al . sun taƙaita yanayin a matsayin wanda ya shafi yawan sha'awar Intanet, tare da maimaita tunanin iyakance ko sarrafa wannan amfani da kuma gazawar hana shiga. 14 Mutanen da ke da wannan yanayin suna ci gaba da amfani da Intanet duk da tasirin da suka yi kan ayyukansu na yau da kullun a matakai daban-daban, suna ɓatar da lokaci mai yawa akan layi da kuma sha'awar shiga lokacin da ba ya samuwa. 14 Baya ga jarabar intanet gabaɗaya, an mai da hankali kan takamaiman nau'ikan jaraba (misali daidaitawa da wasannin kan layi ko wayoyin hannu). 8 , 15 - 17 Hakazalika, an nuna damuwa game da ƙaruwar amfani da SNSs tun daga ƙarshen shekarun 1990, tare da ƙaruwar rahotannin jarabar SNS. 18 Ganin cewa tsarin amfani da Intanet da SNS a Oman ya dace da yanayin duniya, 6 akwai dalilin zargin cewa tsarin jarabar SNS a wannan ƙasar na iya kama da waɗanda aka ruwaito a duk duniya.

Auna matakan jarabar SNS wani fanni ne na muhawara. Wasu masu bincike sun yi imanin cewa matakan jarabar SNS ne kawai ya kamata a tantance. 19 , 20 Duk da haka, wasu sun ɗauki ra'ayi mai zurfi; Çam et al . sun zaɓi daidaitawa da amfani da sikelin jarabar Intanet wanda Cibiyar Tallafawa Intanet ta haɓaka don auna jarabar Facebook, yayin da aka aiwatar da Sikelin Alamomin Jarabawar Facebook a tsakanin gungun ɗaliban da ke karatun digiri na farko. 14 , 21 Kwanan nan, Andreassen et al . sun ƙirƙiri ɗan gajeren tambayoyi na jarabar Facebook mai abubuwa shida da aka sani da Sikelin Jarabawar Bergen Facebook (BFAS), wanda daga baya aka tabbatar da inganci da amincinsa. 22 , 23 An yi amfani da BFAS cikin nasara don auna ƙimar jarabar Facebook a cikin bincike da yawa kuma an yarda da shi a matsayin mai tasiri a fannin tunani. 18 , 20 , 24-26 Kodayake an tsara shi da farko don tantance jaraba ga SNS ɗaya kawai, Andreassen et al . sun lura cewa daidaita sikelin don tantance wani SNS yana yiwuwa. 23

Shaye-shaye na iya kawo cikas ga fannoni da dama na rayuwa; ga ɗalibai, yana iya kawo cikas ga karatunsu da kuma yin tasiri ga burinsu na dogon lokaci na aiki. Yawan amfani da jaraba da kuma jaraba ga ayyukan Intanet—gami da SNSs da wasannin kan layi—yana da alaƙa da rashin hankali, gaskiya/tawali'u da kuma yarda da juna kuma yana da alaƙa mai kyau da rashin hankali, son kai da kuma zalunci. 22, 27-35 Ga ɗaliban likitanci da ke son su zama ƙwararrun likitoci masu kulawa, tasirin wannan jarabar na iya haifar da sakamako mai yawa da cutarwa ga al'umma gaba ɗaya. Saboda haka, yana da mahimmanci a san girman matsalar don a ɗauki matakan da suka dace don yaƙar ta.

Bisa ga damuwa da aka bayyana a sama, wannan binciken ya hada da auna ma'aunin maganin SNS a tsakanin ƙungiyar daliban kimiyyar kiwon lafiya a Jami'ar Sultan Qaboos (SQU) a Muscat, Oman. Bugu da ƙari kuma, wannan binciken yana nufin ya bambanta tsakanin manyan SNSs guda uku (Facebook, YouTube da Twitter) maimakon ƙididdigar jaraba na SNS kawai, don magance matsalolin magance matsalolin da suka shafi rikita-rikice na iya bambanta dangane da takamaiman SNS.

Hanyar

Wannan binciken ya ƙunshi ƙungiyar bazuwar ƙungiyar 141 ɗaliban kimiyyar likita da dakin gwaje-gwaje waɗanda suka shiga Kwalejin Magunguna & Kimiyyar Lafiya a SQU a watan Afrilu 2014 kuma suka shiga cikin kwas ɗin Informatics II. An zaɓi wannan rukuni na ɗalibai saboda har yanzu basuyi karatun SNS ba dalla-dalla amma har yanzu suna da ɗan ilimin gabatarwa sakamakon kammala karatun su na Informatics I.

An tsara wani bincike na intanet mai ba da rahoto kai tsaye na harsuna shida da ba a san ko su waye ba, wanda aka yi shi da harshen Ingilishi, bisa ga BFAS kuma an gyara shi don wasu SNSs kamar yadda Andreassen et al suka ba da shawara . 22, 23 SNSs guda uku da aka zaɓa don tambayoyin sune Facebook, Twitter da YouTube, domin waɗannan su ne SNSs da aka fi amfani da su a duk duniya a lokacin. An nemi ɗalibai 3-5 su ba da rahoton bayanan amfani da SNS ɗinsu na shekarar da ta gabata. Kodayake ana iya jayayya cewa ana amfani da SNSs musamman don ayyukan da ba su da alaƙa da aiki, bincike ya nuna cewa ana amfani da shafukan sada zumunta a cikin shirye-shiryen likita da sauran ilimi. 36 , 37 Sakamakon haka, an gyara binciken don tantance adadin lokacin da ɗalibai suka ba da rahoton kashe kuɗi akan SNSs a cikin mahallin aiki.

Duk da cewa Turanci ba shine harshen asali na dukkan ɗaliban da ke cikin ƙungiyar ba, harshen koyarwa na kwas ɗin Medical Informatics II shine Ingilishi; saboda haka, an ɗauki ɗaliban da ke ɗaukar kwas ɗin a matsayin waɗanda suka saba da harshen don fahimtar tambayoyin. Bugu da ƙari, jarrabawar Flesch Reading Ease da Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level ta nuna cewa ɗaliban makarantar za su iya fahimtar binciken. An sanar da ɗalibai 38 game da binciken kan layi a watan Afrilun 2014 yayin da suke cikin aji, tare da wasu tunatarwa ta imel guda biyu da ke neman shiga. Binciken ya kasance a buɗe na tsawon makonni huɗu don ba wa ɗalibai isasshen lokaci don kammala shi.

Bayan tattara bayanan binciken, an ƙididdige ƙimar jaraba bisa ga saitin sharuɗɗa guda biyu. Na farko, wanda Lemmens et al . suka gabatar, ya ɗauki maki 3 akan aƙalla abubuwa huɗu na binciken BFAS don zama jaraba. 16 Duk da haka, sharuɗɗan da Andreassen et al . suka gabatar suna buƙatar maki 3 akan duk abubuwan BFAS guda shida kafin a iya rarraba mutum a matsayin mai jaraba. 22 Lokacin da aka ƙididdige waɗannan ƙimar jaraba ta farko, sannan aka sake ƙididdige ƙimar jaraba dangane da amfani da SNS da ke da alaƙa da aiki. Mahalarta da ke kashe fiye da kashi 50% na lokacin amfani da SNS don ayyukan da suka shafi aiki an cire su daga ƙungiyar masu jaraba.

An shigar da bayanai a cikin takardun bayanan Microsoft Excel (Shafukan 2010, Microsoft Corp., Redmond, Washington, Amurka) da kuma nazarin kididdigar lissafi da kuma lissafin ƙididdigar Chi-squared. An samo bayanai masu dacewa ta amfani da NVivo, Shafin 7 (QSR International Ltd., Burlington, Massachusetts, Amurka).

Amincewa da ɗabi'a don wannan binciken an ba da shi ta Kwamitin Nazarin Kiwon Lafiya da ɗabi'a a Kwalejin Magunguna & Kimiyyar Lafiya a SQU (MREC # 869). Duk waɗanda suka amsa sun ba da rubutacciyar yarda kafin su shiga cikin binciken.

results

Daga cikin ɗalibai 141 da aka haɗa a cikin binciken, jimillar ɗalibai 81 ne suka kammala binciken (ƙimar amsawa: 57.4%). Daga cikin waɗannan, 51 mata ne (63.0%); wannan rabon jinsi ba shi da wani mahimmanci na ƙididdiga ga sauran ɗaliban aji ( P = 0.41). Amfani da shafukan SNS guda uku da mahalarta suka yi a cikin shekarar da ta gabata an taƙaita shi a cikin Tebur 1. An fi amfani da YouTube (100%), sai Facebook (91.4%) da Twitter (70.4%). Babu wani bambanci mai mahimmanci tsakanin amfani da SNS na mata da maza ( P = 0.997).

 

Shafin 1:

Amfani da rahoton da aka yi da kansa game da shafukan sadarwar zamantakewa a cikin shekarar da ta wuce a cikin ƙungiyar 'yan makaranta na ilimin kimiyyar kiwon lafiya a Oman (N = 81)

An taƙaita yawan amfani da SNS da suka shafi aiki a cikin samfurin a cikin Jadawali na 2. Duk da cewa ƙasa da kashi 15% na ayyukan Twitter suna da alaƙa da aiki, wannan ba haka lamarin yake ba ga Facebook da YouTube (ƙasa da kashi 39.4% da 41.9%, bi da bi). Dalibai sun fi amfani da YouTube don dalilai na aiki fiye da sauran shafukan sada zumunta (matsakaicin: 41.9%). An nuna tsarin amfani a Jadawali na 3. Dogaro da YouTube ya fi na sauran shafuka biyu. Wannan ya bayyana daga hanyoyin kowane rukuni, waɗanda suka fi na YouTube girma fiye da sauran shafukan sada zumunta a kowane lokaci. Akwai ƙarancin sharhi daga ɗaliban da za a iya cire jigogi da tsare-tsare masu ma'ana.

 

Shafin 2:

Rahotanni da aka yi amfani da su game da aikin aiki na shafukan sadarwar zamantakewa a cikin shekarar da ta wuce a cikin ƙungiyar 'yan makaranta na ilimin kimiyyar kiwon lafiya a Oman (N = 81)

 

Shafin 3:

Takaddun alamun kansu da aka ruwaito^* na shafukan sadarwar zamantakewar al'umma a cikin shekarar da ta wuce a tsakanin ƙungiyar 'yan makaranta na ilimin kimiyyar kiwon lafiya a Oman (N = 81)

An ƙididdige yawan jarabawar bisa ka'ida ta Lemmens et al. da Andreassen et al. [Table 4].16,22 Tare da gaisuwa ga Lemmens et alAbubuwan da aka samo, an gano cewa 14.2%, 47.2% da 33.3% na ɗalibai sun kasance masu lahani ga Facebook, YouTube da Twitter, bi da bi.16 Idan aka kwatanta, kawai 6.3%, 13.8% da 12.8% na ɗalibai, a halin yanzu, sun kasance masu ladabi da wadannan SNSs lokacin da Andreassen et alAn yi amfani da ma'aunin ka'idoji don nuna damuwa.22 Wadannan kudaden sun ragu lokacin da daliban da suka bayar da rahoton fiye da 50% na lokacin da suke amfani da SNSs don dalilai na aiki sun cire [Table 5]. Kawai 4.7%, 27.8% da 20.5% na ɗalibai ana daukar su a matsayin Facebook, YouTube da Twitter, bisa ga ka'idojin da Lemmens ya gabatar et al.16 Da Andreassen et alAbubuwan da suka dace, sharuddan jaraba ya koma 3.2%, 6.9% da 7.7% don Facebook, YouTube da Twitter, bi da bi.22 Wannan ya nuna matukar muhimmanci a cikin jarabawar shan jaraba lokacin da aka dauki ayyukan SNS cikin aikin, tare da ƙananan 41.2% (34 da ɗaliban 20) a waɗanda aka ƙayyade su kamar YouTube kamar yadda Lemmens et alda ka'idojin 80% (10 da ɗalibai biyu) a cewar Andreassen et alsharuddan.16,22

 

Shafin 4:

Yada jita-jita bisa ga yadda aka yi amfani da shafukan yanar sadarwar da aka zaba a cikin shekarar da ta wuce a tsakanin ƙungiyar 'yan makaranta na ilimin kimiyyar kiwon lafiya a Oman (N = 81)

 

Shafin 5:

Adadin jarabawa bisa ga rahoton kai tsaye da aka zaba na shafukan sadarwar zamantakewar al'umma a cikin shekarar da ta gabata tsakanin ƙungiyar gwanayen ɗaliban kimiyyar kiwon lafiya a Oman waɗanda suka kashe <50% na lokacin amfani akan ayyukan da suka shafi aiki

tattaunawa

Wannan binciken ya yi ƙoƙari ya auna ƙananan jaraba zuwa uku SNSs (Facebook, YouTube da Twitter) a cikin ƙungiyar masu ilimin kimiyyar kiwon lafiya a Oman. Bugu da ƙari, binciken ya yarda cewa ɗalibai za su iya amfani da waɗannan shafukan don dalilai na aiki da kuma daukar wannan a cikin lissafi yayin da aka kirga ƙimar jaraba.

Wata matsala da aka taso a cikin wallafe-wallafen ita ce ko ya kamata a auna ƙimar jaraba ga SNSs gabaɗaya, ko kuma ko ya kamata a mayar da hankali kan rarrabuwar jaraba ga takamaiman SNSs. 19 , 22 , 23 Sakamakon binciken da aka yi a yanzu ya nuna nau'ikan amfani iri-iri a cikin SNSs guda uku da aka zaɓa, tare da duk ɗalibai suna amfani da YouTube, amma ba Facebook ko Twitter ba. Nan da nan, wannan sakamakon yana yin gargaɗi game da haɗa dukkan SNSs wuri ɗaya; idan haka ne, da alama cewa dukkan ƙungiyar sun yi amfani da SNS, wanda zai zama ɓatarwa idan aka yi la'akari da yawan amfani da manufofin da waɗannan SNSs ke yi. Bugu da ƙari, alkaluma game da jaraba da ayyukan da suka shafi aiki sun bambanta a cikin SNSs, suna tallafawa hujjar cewa ya kamata a bincika SNSs daban-daban. Yayin da SNSs ke tasowa ba makawa kuma shaharar wani takamaiman rukunin yanar gizo ke raguwa akan lokaci, binciken mutum ɗaya na SNSs zai zama mafi mahimmanci.

Binciken da aka yi a baya ya nuna muhimmancin Intanet gabaɗaya ga ayyukan da suka shafi aiki na ƙwararrun likitoci. 39 , 40 Hakazalika, amfani da aikace-aikacen wayar hannu da SNSs na ƙwararru daga ɗalibai da ƙwararrun likitoci ya tabbata sosai. 36 , 41 - 44 Saboda wannan dalili ne ya sa dole ne a ga ƙimar amfani idan aka yi la'akari da yadda ɗalibai ke amfani da SNSs don ayyukan da suka shafi aiki. Dangane da binciken da ake yi a yanzu, jimloli game da amfani da SNS da suka shafi aiki sun kasance da wahala - ba wai kawai an yi amfani da Twitter ƙasa da sauran SNSs guda biyu ba, an kuma yi amfani da shi ƙasa da sauran shafuka. Irin wannan wahalar tana aiki wajen tantance ƙimar jaraba ta gabaɗaya da wadda ba ta shafi aiki ba. Duk da haka, ƙimar jaraba ta gabaɗaya da aka lura a cikin wannan binciken ta yi kama da waɗanda aka ƙayyade a cikin wasu nazarin. 17 , 24 , 25 Abin mahimmanci, duk da haka, ƙimar jaraba ta kasance ƙasa da lokacin da aka daidaita sakamakon don cire ayyukan kafofin watsa labarun da suka shafi aiki. Abin takaici, ɗaya kawai daga cikin nazarin kwatantawa da aka ambata a sama ya yi la'akari da ayyukan da suka shafi aiki lokacin ƙididdige ƙimar jaraba, don haka ba zai yiwu a ƙara kwatantawa ba. 25

Ƙididdigar amfani da SNS da kuma jarabawa na iya zama zalunci game da hanyar da sauran jama'a ke kallo. Hidimar da ke da mahimmanci a kan kafofin watsa labarun don ayyukan sirri an yi la'akari da shi azaman jita-jita, yayin da irin wannan dogara ga kafofin watsa labarun don ayyukan da ake aiki da shi za'a iya ɗauka a matsayin mai nuna darajar tsarin aiki. Saboda haka, nazarin na gaba a kan wannan batu zai iya la'akari da matsalolin da aka ba wa dalibai. Wadannan matsalolin suna da girman gaske cewa lokaci da sadaukar da su a kan waɗannan ayyukan za a iya la'akari da jita-jita, ba don gaskiyar cewa aikin ilimi ya kasance mai daraja sosai ba. Daga sakamakon bincike na yanzu, za'a iya jayayya cewa yawancin dalibai sun kasance masu ladabi, ba ga SNSs ba, amma ga karatunsu; SNSs sun kasance daya daga cikin hanyoyin da za su ciyar da tsangwama ga babban aikin ilimi.

Duk da haka, dangane da yadda za a iya tattauna jarabar SNS, bayanai daga wannan binciken sun nuna cewa wannan samfurin ɗaliban kimiyyar lafiya a Oman ya bayyana yana dogaro da SNSs ba daidai ba. Wannan abin damuwa ne musamman idan aka yi la'akari da cewa yawancin waɗannan ɗaliban za su kammala karatunsu kuma su zama ƙwararrun likitoci nan gaba kaɗan. Ganin alaƙar da ke tsakanin jarabar Intanet ko SNS da wasu halaye na mutum, yana yiwuwa a sami tasiri ga kula da marasa lafiya. 22 , 27-35 Hakika , bincike ya nuna cewa waɗannan halaye iri ɗaya suna shafar aikin aiki kai tsaye; 45, 46 a fannoni da suka shafi lafiya, wannan zai shafi ingancin kula da marasa lafiya. Saboda haka, zai zama da amfani ga bincike na gaba ya mai da hankali kan yiwuwar alaƙa kai tsaye tsakanin waɗannan jaraba da mummunan sakamako ga kula da marasa lafiya. Bugu da ƙari, waɗannan nazarin ya kamata su kuma yi la'akari da matakan rage tasirin da wannan zai iya yi kan isar da kiwon lafiya a Oman.

Baya ga ƙa'idodin da aka tsara na binciken da aka bayar da rahoton kansa, yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa an gudanar da wannan binciken tare da aji ɗaya na ɗalibai a wata cibiya. Sakamakon haka, fahimtar gabaɗaya yana da wahala, kodayake kwatancen da aka yi da wasu nazarin da aka gudanar a ƙarƙashin irin wannan yanayi ya kasance mai inganci. Wannan binciken ya zaɓi ya binciki ɗaruruwan SNSs da ke akwai guda uku kawai. Bugu da ƙari, a halin yanzu akwai muhawara game da ko ya kamata a ɗauki YouTube a matsayin SNS, domin wasu shafuka - ciki har da Reddit (Reddit Inc., San Francisco, California, Amurka), Snapchat (Snapchat, Venice, California, Amurka), Wikipedia (Wikipedia, San Francisco, California, Amurka) da WhatsApp (WhatsApp Inc., Mountain View, California, Amurka) - ƙila ba za su dace da ma'anar SNS cikin sauƙi ba amma duk da haka ana yawan haɗa su a cikin wannan rukunin. 47 Nazarin gaba ya kamata ya yi la'akari da wannan. A ƙarshe, kodayake bayanan gudanarwa sun nuna babban daidaituwa tsakanin ƙungiyar dangane da shekaru (duk ɗaliban suna tsakanin shekaru 20-25), da ya zama da amfani a tabbatar da wannan bayanin don ƙarin bincike. Ya kamata a gyara wannan a cikin nazarin gaba.

Kammalawa

Hakan ya nuna cewa yawancin jarabawar jima'i a cikin wannan rukuni na daliban kimiyyar kiwon lafiya a Oman sun kasance daidai da kudaden da aka ruwaito a wasu binciken. Ya kamata a magance abubuwan da ake bukata na wannan binciken game da aikin kiwon lafiyar nan gaba a Oman. Hanyoyin da ake amfani da su iri-iri sun nuna cewa SNSs ba za a hade su cikin ƙungiyo ɗaya ba, amma a maimakon haka a bincika su ɗayan. Bugu da ƙari, ƙimar jarabawar rage yawanci lokacin da aka ɗauka aikin haɗin aikin wanda ya nuna cewa ana buƙatar ana gyara waɗannan abubuwa bisa ga manufar. Dole ne a yi la'akari da waɗannan mahimman bayanai guda biyu a yayin gudanar da irin wannan binciken.

Acknowledgments

Bayanan kalmomi

References