Jami'ar Cambridge: Brain yana neman shaidar da ta dace da buri

GABATARWA: An buga shi. Duba - Jami'ar Cambridge: Brain yayi la'akari da buri.

Shawarwar batsa ta ruhaniya tana haifar da ƙwayar kwakwalwa kamar yadda ake shan barasa ko maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi, nazarin ya nuna

Masana kimiyya na Jami'ar Cambridge sun bayyana canje-canje a cikin kwakwalwa don masu amfani da batsa waɗanda ba sa faruwa a cikin waɗanda ba su da irin wannan al'ada

Mutanen da ke yin batsa da batsa suna nuna irin wannan ƙwayar kwakwalwa ga masu shan giya ko magungunan ƙwayoyi, wani binciken ya bayyana. MRI na nazarin batutuwa na gwaji waɗanda suka yarda da yin amfani da batsa masu amfani da batsa sun nuna cewa ladaran cibiyoyin kwakwalwa sunyi kokarin ganin kayan bayyane kamar yadda mai shan giya ke iya ganin tallan sha.

Binciken da jami'ar Cambridge ta gudanar ya tantance ayyukan kwakwalwa na 19 masu cin moriyar batsa game da rukuni na mutanen da suka ce basu kasance masu amfani ba.

Masanin kimiyya mai jagoranci Dr. Valerie Voon, wani mai ba da shawara mai suna neuropsychiatrist, ya shaida wa Sunday Times: "Mun sami mafi girma a cikin wani yanki na kwakwalwa da ake kira ventral striatum, wanda shine cibiyar ladabi, ta ƙunshi aikin sarrafawa, motsa jiki da jin dadi.

"Lokacin da mai shan giya ya ga wani talla don abin sha, kwakwalwar su za ta haskaka ta wata hanya kuma za a kara su a wasu hanyoyi. Muna ganin wannan irin wannan aiki a masu amfani da batsa. "

Har yanzu ba a buga wannan binciken ba, amma zai kasance a cikin wani rahoto na Channel 4 da ake kira Porn a kan Brain, wanda ke tashi a 10pm ranar Litinin 30 Satumba. [Zaka iya gwadawa duba shi a nan - a yi gargadi, ya ƙunshi wasu scenesan al'amuran hotuna]

Abubuwan binciken, wanda ya haɗu tare da rahotanni na kwanan nan amma ba a tabbatar da su ba a cikin Amurka cewa jarabar batsa ba ta bambanta da sinadarai ko jarabar abu, za a gani a matsayin hujja don nuna goyon baya ga shawarwarin David Cameron don taƙaita damar yin amfani da wasu shafukan yanar gizo na batsa. .

• Duba cikakken labarin - Shawarwar batsa ta ruhaniya tana haifar da ƙwayar kwakwalwa kamar yadda ake shan barasa ko maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi, nazarin ya nuna

Duba waɗannan cikakkun labaran kan Channel 4 na shirin gaskiya & nazarin Cambridge:

• Brain scans na batsa addicts: me ke damun wannan hoton? by Norman Doidge, MD
• Gwajin da ya gamsar da ni akan batsa ta yanar gizo shine barazanar da ke fuskantar yara a yau: ta tsohon edita mag ed Martin Daubney
• Lahadi Times (Burtaniya) - Takaddun shaida da Nazarin Batsa na Cambridge
• Nazarin: Yaran yara masu lalata da batsa 'mai tsananin' kuma suna son taimako

Bayani:

Wannan binciken ya tantance tasirin-reactivity zuwa batsa kuma ya kwatanta sakamakon ga ƙungiyar kulawa. Ya gano cewa '' cibiyar lada '' '' '' '' 'batuttukan batsa suna haskakawa kamar yadda idan masu shan kwayoyi ke kallon alamun magani. Menene ya sa wannan ya zama ingantaccen nazari?

1. Cambridge ta yi amfani da MRI (ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa) don auna ainihin lokacin aikin lada "cibiyar" (ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta).
2. Maganar gwajin 19 duk maza ne maza da ke da shekaru 19-34 (homogenous in science-speak).
3. 19 maza da kansu suna da kansu a matsayin masu cin mutunci na batsa kuma suna da matsala wajen sarrafa batsa.
4. Binciken da aka yi amfani da kungiyar 19 mai kula da ita ya kasance daidai da maza na shekaru masu kama da juna.
5. Dukansu "masu cin abincin batsa" da kuma sarrafawa an nuna su iri daya "cue" (ma'ana, motsa jiki kamar rawa mai tada hankali), ba ainihin takamaiman batsa tayi ba.
6. A cikin nazarin "sha'awar jima'i" Voon ya gano cewa masu yin lalata ba su bambanta da sarrafawa ba.

Nazarin da ke sama ya sabawa ikirari da aka yi kwanan nan ta UCLA sexologist da Kinsey Cibiyar karatun digiri Nicole Prause ta kafofin watsa labaru na tushen a kan wani wanda aka kirkiro, ba a bincika nazarin ba (Yuli 2013). Ina kwatanta waɗannan karatun biyu ne domin in nuna gaskiyar cewa waɗannan ba “karatun karatu bane”. Nazarin na Cambridge ya fi kyau a cikin zane, kuma ya dace da duka hanyoyin da binciken tare da yawancin karatu kan jarabar Intanet da wasan bidiyo. Ya bambanta, nazarin Nazarin ya sa da'awar da ba'a yi ba cewa jarabar jima'i (ko jarabar batsa) da gaske ne kawai "babban sha'awar jima'i."

Kafin mu kwatanta da bambancin karatun Littafin Turanci da na Cambridge, dole ne a nuna cewa binciken da aka yi a cikin littattafan da aka yi a cikin littattafan da aka yi a cikin littattafai ya fi ƙarfin gaske (Littafin EEG) lokacin da batutuwa suka kalli hotunan batsa. Anan ga abin da ban tsoro: Gudanar da halin karatun ta kamar ba gano ƙanshi ga hotunan jima'i. Daga wannan ilimin kimiyyar yau da kullum hira:

Yi amfani da: "Dalilin da ya sa wadannan binciken suka zama kalubale shi ne, hakan na nuna cewa kwakwalwar tasu ba ta amsa hotunan kamar sauran masu shaye-shaye ba.

In wannan hira na TV:

Labari: "An nuna musu hotuna masu ban sha'awa, da kuma lura da yadda kwakwalwar su ke aiki."

Yi wasa: “Idan kuna tunanin matsalolin jima'i jaraba ce, za mu yi tsammanin ganin ingantaccen martani, watakila, ga waɗancan hotunan batsa. Idan kuna tsammanin matsala ce ta impulsivity, za mu yi tsammanin ganin raguwar martani ga waɗannan hotunan jima'i. Kuma gaskiyar cewa ba mu ga ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan alaƙar ba ya nuna cewa babu babban taimako ga kallon waɗannan matsalolin halayen halayen jima'i azaman buri. ”

A gaskiya, karatun EEG (P300) sun kasance mafi girma don hotuna hotuna fiye da hotuna masu tsaka-tsaki. Mafi Girma littattafan EEG don hotuna hotuna daidai ne abin da za'a sa ran wani mai kallo, kuma lallai za a tsammaci wanda yake da jaraba –kamar yadda mafi yawan karatun EEG ke faruwa yayin da masu shan kwayoyi ke kallon alamun kwayoyi (kamar mai shan kwaya da ke ganin hoton bututun fashewa). Da'awar cewa - “ƙwaƙwalwar su ba ta amsawa ga hotuna kamar sauran magunguna ga maganin likita ba”- ba gaskiya bane.

Bayyanawa a karkashin nazarin Psychology Yau, farfesa a ilimin kimiyya John A. Johnson Ya ce:

Har yanzu hankalina yana cike da damuwa a yayin da ake faɗar da'awar cewa ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyarta ba ta amsa hotuna na jima'i kamar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayoyi masu ƙwayoyi suna amsa maganin su ba, saboda an ba da rahoton mafi yawan karatun P300 don hotunan jima'i. Kamar dai 'yan maye waɗanda ke nuna P300 spikes lokacin da aka gabatar musu da maganin da suka zaɓa. Ta yaya zata iya yanke hukunci wanda yake akasin ainihin sakamakon? Ina tsammanin za a iya yi mata abubuwan da ta fahimta - abin da take tsammanin samu.

Wannan ba wani misali ba ne kawai yadda Kalmomi yayi amfani da ita. Zaka iya karanta nazarin mu akan bincikenta a nan: Babu Abinda Zai Yi Komai Da Komai A Cikin SPAN Lab Sabon Labarin Batsa (2013). Yi amfani da hinted cewa abokan aikinsa za su yi nazari.

Yi wasa: "Idan aka maimaita karatunmu, waɗannan binciken zasu wakilci babban ƙalubale ga ra'ayoyin da ake da su game da jima'i" jaraba."

Yi amfani da ƙarfin gwiwa da'awar cewa binciken da ta samu a cikin wannan binciken guda ɗaya shine abin da ake buƙata don magance batun jima'i ko jarabar batsa. Muna tsammanin cewa Prause za ta ci gaba da maimaita abin da ta ke zargi, amma sake yin karatun da ba daidai ba daidai yake da ƙarin karatun da ba daidai ba, ba ƙarin tallafi don sakamakon da take so ba.

Haɗuwa da Nazari da Nazarin Cambridge:

Yi amfani da da'awar da ta dace kawai ita ce ta samo babu dangantaka tsakanin takardun tambayoyi (musamman ma Jima'i Matakan Compulsivity Scale) da kuma na EEG (P300). Muyi magana dalilin da ya sa ba ta sami amsoshi ba nan.

1) Nazarin Cambridge ya yi amfani da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa (fMRI) don tantance aikin cibiyar ladabi (ventral striatum), inda yakamata ya faru a cikin nau'in dopamin spikes. Wannan tsari ya samo asali kuma an yi amfani da shi a yawancin buri na Intanet da sauran nazarin buri.

• Sabanin haka, Yi amfani da ma'aunin EEG, wanda kawai ke tantance aikin lantarki na kwakwalwar kwakwalwa, kuma suna buɗe zuwa fassarar daban daban. EEGs kawai suna nuna jihohin haɓaka, ba kunna cibiyar lada ba. Watau, karatuttukan EEG (P300) na iya zama “tsokana” saboda tsoro ko ƙyama, ba tashin hankali ba.

2) Aikin binciken Cambridge ya yi amfani da wata ƙungiya mai kama da juna: matasan, maza da mata maza da suke da kansu kamar yadda ake yi wa mabiya addinan.

• Abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su maza ne, mata da waɗanda ba maza da mata ba, amma ƙungiyarta ta nuna musu dukkan daidaito, mai yiwuwa ba shi da sha'awa, batsa + mata da maza. Ba za ku iya nuna gay a madaidaiciya batsa (kamar yadda ta yi ba) kuma ku yi tsammanin sakamako mai ma'ana.
• Gwajin da zai gwada tasirin da zai haifar da cocaine zai iya samu tare da wasu rukunin maza, mata da 'yan luwaɗi, amma ba binciken da ke nuna sha'awar batsa ba. Wannan kadai yana bayanin rashin daidaito. Duba, misali, Differences tsakanin maza da mata a cikin jima'i Arousal da kuma Responding Responses to Erotica. da kuma Hanyoyin da ke tattare da rikice-rikice ta hanyar jima'i a cikin ɗan kishili da namiji maza: nazarin fMRI.

3) Nazarin karatun Cambridge ya gwada tunanin da yake da shekaru da kuma jima'i - ya dace da lafiya, marasa iko.

• Binciken da aka yi wa Jiki ba shi da wani rukuni. Har wa yau, Prause ba ta da masaniya game da yadda za a yi amfani da littattafan EEG na al'ada ga matanta, duk da haka ta yi da'awar cewa dukan aikin da jaridar ta yi ta ba da labari game da jima'i. Ba a yarda ba.