J Behav shan tabarba. 2019 Sep 11: 1-9. Doi: 10.1556 / 2006.8.2019.47.
Brahim FB1, Rothen S2,3, Bianchi-Demicheli F3, Courtois R1,4, Khazaal Y5,6.
Abstract
BACKGROUND DA Bukatun:
Cybersex yana da alaƙa da damuwa game da damuwa. Manufar wannan binciken shine tantance matsayin motsin zuciyar mutum da sha'awar jima'i a cikin amfani da yanar gizo.
MUTANE:
Samfurin ya ƙunshi masu amfani da cybersex na 306 (maza na 150 da mata 156). An tantance mahalarta ta yin amfani da Sifikar Intanet na Musamman (CIUS) da aka dace don cybersex, tambayoyin tambayoyin intanet na cybersex (haɓakawa, jimrewa, da kuma abubuwan da suka shafi zamantakewar jama'a), da kuma sha'awar Jima'i-2 (sha'awar jima'i dyadic da kawai).
Sakamakon:
Dukkanin bangarorin biyu, an sami dalilin yin amfani da muradin CIUS. Don mata, an sami ƙarin haɗin kai tare da dalilan zamantakewar al'umma yayin da aka samo abokiyar haɗuwa da sha'awar jima'i ga maza.
Kammalawa:
Binciken ya nuna bambance-bambancen jinsi a cikin masu ba da gudummawa ga sakamakon CIUS na jima'i.
KEYWORDS:
Tambayar Motocin Intanet; Addu'ar intanet; na tilasta yanar gizo; jarabar yanar gizo; sha'awar jima'i
PMID: 31505968
Cybersex ya hada da yawancin ayyukan da suka danganci jima'i da yanar gizo, kamar batsa, kyamaran yanar gizo, tattaunawar jima'i, wasannin jima'i ta yanar gizo, da kuma Dating (Döring, 2009; Wéry & Billieux, 2017). Baya ga haɗuwa ta kama-da-wane, cybersex na iya sauƙaƙe haɗuwa da ƙaunar gaske da abokan tarawa. Sauran tabbatattun tasirin cyberex an lura dasu (Grov, Gillespie, Royce, & Lever, 2011). Misali, zai iya inganta sha'awar jima'i da kuma saukaka gudanar da ayyukan jima'i (Allen, Kannis-Dymand, & Katsikitis, 2017). Hakanan zai iya taimakawa ma'aurata da sha'awar jima'i ko tare da bincika sababbin ayyukan jima'i (Albright, 2008; Philaretou, Mahfouz, & Allen, 2005).
Amfani da yanar gizo mai tilastawa yana da alaƙa da ɗan ƙaramin rabo daga masu amfani da yanar gizo (Dufour et al., 2016; Frangos, Frangos, & Sotiropoulos, 2010; Kafka, 2010) kuma yana yiwuwa an danganta shi da damuwa na psychosocial, hargitsi wajen cika nauyin rayuwar yau da kullun, da kuma matsalolin da suka shafi barci (Grubbs, Volk, Exline, & Pargament, 2015; Karila et al., 2014). A cikin karatuttuka da yawa da suka shafi maza da mata, masu amfani da yanar gizo na tilastawa, idan aka kwatanta da sarrafawa, sun nuna babban karfin gwiwa da sake dawowa daga kallon batsa (Brand et al., 2011; Laier & Brand, 2014; Laier, Pawlikowski, Pekal, Schulte, & Brand, 2013; Laier, Pekal, & Brand, 2014). Koyaya, duk da mahimmancin batun, an ɗan yi nazari kaɗan (Brand et al., 2011). Musamman, ba a san abu game da yiwuwar ƙaddara hankalin mutum game da amfani da yanar gizo na tilasta ba (Franc et al., 2018).
An sami motsin zuciyar mara kyau tare da haɗari mara kyau (hali don yin aiki da gangan cikin yanayi na mummunan tunani) suna ba da gudummawa ga amfani da yanar gizo (Wéry, Deleuze, Canale, & Billieux, 2018), mai yiwuwa azaman hanya don jimre da mummunan tasiri. Manufa, musamman waɗanda ke da alaƙa da jurewa (watau, tserewa daga matsalolin rayuwa), an san su da tasirin tasirin abu (Benschop et al., 2015), jaraba na ɗabi'a (Billieux et al., 2011; Király et al., 2015; Zanetta Dauriat et al., 2011), da kuma yanar gizo mai tilastawa (Alamar, Laier, & Young, 2014). Cybersex, tare da ko ba tare da taba al'aura (Putnam & Maheu, 2000; Wéry, Karila, Sutter, & Billieux, 2014), wasu mutane suna amfani da shi azaman dabarun magance ma'abuta damuwa (Barrault, Hegbe, Bertsch, & Courtois, 2016; Kudancin, 2008). Ingantawa da kuma dalilan zamantakewa (Franc et al., 2018) kuma na iya taka rawa a cikin hanyar yanar gizo mai tilastawa. Nazarin kan sadarwar yanar gizo sun jadadda matsayin dalilan zamantakewar al'umma (Sumter, Vandenbosch, & Ligtenberg, 2017) da begen sha'awa yayin kallon batsa (Young, 2008).
Jima'i jima'i sigar motsawa ne na rayuwar jima'i da aiki (Levine, 2003; Pfaus, 2009). An samo ingantattun ƙungiyoyi tsakanin sha'awar jima'i da dalilan haɓaka haɓakar cybersex (Hukumar Kula da Al'ummomin Turai, 2002; Franc et al., 2018; Mark, Toland, Rosenkrantz, Brown, & Hong, 2018; Spector, Carey, & Steinberg, 1996), tsufa tare da haɓakawa da tasirin tasirin cyberex (Beutel et al., 2017; Reid, Li, Gilliland, Stein, & Fong, 2011). Wani binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya gano ƙananan rauni tsakanin lamura masu amfani da hanyar yin amfani da yanar gizo da sha'awar jima'i, kuma babu wata ƙungiya tsakanin sha'awar jima'i da kuma abubuwan da ke haifar da rayuwar yanar gizo (Franc et al., 2018).
Manufar wannan binciken shine don tantance tasirin abubuwan da suka shafi abubuwan da suka shafi yanar gizo da sha'awar jima'i akan tilasta amfani da yanar gizo cikin maza da mata.
An gudanar da binciken ne ta hanyar yanar gizo ta hanyar tallata tallace-tallace a shafukan yanar gizo da ke da alaƙa da kuma tattaunawar da masu kulla da gidan yanar gizo An yi niyya ne ga duk wanda ya kai shekaru 18 ko sama da shiga aikin jima'i ta yanar gizo. Babu biyan kuɗi don halartar binciken.
Bayan bin hanyar daukar hoto, mutanen 761 sun danna hanyar haɗin kuma 605 sun yarda su shiga cikin binciken. Matsakaicin kammalawa ya ragu a hankali, kuma 358 na batutuwa na 605 waɗanda suka fara tambayoyin sun ci gaba da sashin bayanan al adun. Bayan an cire dabi'un da suka ɓace, samfurin ƙarshe ya ƙunshi batutuwa na 306, watau, maza na 150 (49%) da mata na 156 (51%). Matsakaicin shekarun ya kasance shekaru 18 – 69, matsakaita 32.63 (± 10.83). Matsakaicin shekarun maza sun kasance shekaru 33.44 (± 11.84) da mata 31.86 (± 9.73). Mahalarta yawanci sun fito ne daga Switzerland (68%), Faransa (25%), Belgium (2%), Kanada (1%), Amurka (1%), da sauran ƙasashe. Kimanin 73% na mahalarta sun kasance a cikin dangantaka. Mutanen da ke da yanayin koyarwar mace-mace suna wakiltar kusan 84% na samfurin, waɗanda ke da koyarwar bisexual game da 12%, kuma game da 4% sun bayyana cewa suna luwadi.
Kashi na farko na tambayoyin sun hada da tambayoyin da suka binciki halayen zamantakewar mahalarta. Ragowar tambayoyin sun hada da kayan aiki guda uku: (a) Tasirin Intanet Amfani da Siyarwa (CIUS), (b) tambayoyin tambayoyin masu linzami na yanar gizo (CMQ), da (c) Tsarin Ilimin Jima'i-2 (SDI-2).
An tsara CIUS don kimanta amfani da Intanet na jaraba (Meerkerk, Van Den Eijnden, Vermulst, & Garretsen, 2009) kuma an ingantashi kamar haka. Ya ƙunshi abubuwa na 14 tare da sikelin 5-point Likert daga 0 (faufau) zuwa 56 (sau da yawa). CIUS koyaushe an samo yana da tsarin haɗin kai a cikin karatu da samfurori daban-daban (Khazaal et al., 2011, 2012; Meerkerk et al., 2009; Wartberg, Petersen, Kammerl, Rosenkranz, & Thomasius, 2014). Babban maki yana nuna rashin iyawar masu amsawa don hana amfani da yanar gizo. Kamar yadda aka ruwaito a cikin wasu karatun na tantance halayen dabi'ar jaraba ta yanar gizo (Khazaal et al., 2015), CIUS an daidaita shi don tantance amfani da yanar gizo mai tilastawa.
Don tabbatar da cewa CIUS tayi niyya ne kawai halayyar cybersex, mun jawo hankalin mahalarta gaskiyar cewa kalmar Yanar-gizo a sikelin da ake magana a kai kawai ga yanar gizo. CIUS da sauran kayan aikin da aka tsara don tantance jarabar Intanet an sami nasarar daidaita su da nazarin caca da caca (Khazaal et al., 2015), da yanar gizo (Saukewa, Antebi, & Schrimshaw, 2014; Varfi et al., 2019; Wéry et al., 2018), ba tare da gyaran kayan iliminsu ba.
Abubuwan CIUS sun yi kama da alamun farko na amfani da Intanet na tilastawa wanda aka ambata a cikin wallafe-wallafe, kamar asarar sarrafawa, damuwa, cire alamu, rikicewa, da canje-canje na yanayi. Yana da kyakkyawar kwanciyar hankali tare da kyakkyawan daidaituwa na ciki (Cronbach's α = .90; Meerkerk et al., 2009).
CMQ yana gano dalilin da ke tattare da amfani da shafukan yanar gizo na jima'i (Franc et al., 2018). Ya ƙunshi abubuwan 14 da aka zana akan ma'aunin 5-point Likert daga faufau to ko da yaushe ko kusan ko yaushe, an tsara shi kusa da abubuwa uku: hanara haɓaka, Zamantakewa, da Cowarewa. Dalilin haɓakawa ya dace da farin ciki da jin daɗin yin jima'i ta kan layi (ma'ana, “Saboda yana da daɗi” da kuma “Saboda ina son ji”). Dalilin zamantakewar yana nufin alaƙar da mai amfani zai iya ji ta hanyar duniyar da ke ƙarfafawa da kuma yarda da zurfin tunanin mutum (ma'ana, "Don zama mai son jama'a da son wasu" da kuma "Saduwa da wani"). Manufa ta uku tana nufin dabarun jurewa wanda ke nuna amfani da yanar gizo a matsayin hanyar tserewa daga gaskiya da kuma kaucewa daga al'amuran rayuwa na ainihi (ma'ana, "Yana ta'azantar da ni lokacin da nake cikin mummunan yanayi" da kuma "Don mantawa da ni matsaloli ko damuwa ”). CMQ yana da halaye masu kyau na ƙwaƙwalwa. Cronbach's α shine .84 don farkon abu, .73 a matsayin na biyu, kuma .79 akan abu na uku (Franc et al., 2018), wanda aka yarda da shi.
Ana amfani da SDI-2 don tantance sha'awar jima'i, an ayyana shi a matsayin sha'awar halayen jima'i (Spector et al., 1996). Yana ɗayan kayan aiki da aka saba amfani dasu don tantance sha'awar jima'i (Alamar et al., 2018). Ya ƙunshi abubuwa na 14 waɗanda suke auna ƙarfi da mahimmancin so a kan sikelin 9-point Likert daga babu so to karfi so ko daga ba ko kadan to musamman mahimmanci. Abubuwan da ke auna mita na ayyukan jima'i ana kimanta su akan ma'aunin 8-point Likert daga faufau to fiye da sau ɗaya a rana. Ana iya taƙaita abubuwan don samar da maki gaba ɗaya ko don samar da ƙwararraki don ɓangarorin abubuwa biyu: (a) sha'awar jima'i (sha'awar yin jima'i tare da abokin tarayya) da (b) sha'awar jima'i kawai (sha'awar shiga solo yin jima'i). Sha'awar jima'i na Dyadic ya dace da Abubuwa 1 – 9, tare da jimlar yawan kuɗi daga 0 zuwa 62, da kuma sha'awar jima'i kawai zuwa jimlar Abubuwa 10 – 13, tare da jimlar maki daga 0 zuwa 23. Abu na 14 yana kimanta har zuwa ga yadda mahalarta zasu iya yin ba tare da yin jima'i ba kuma baya cikin ko ɗayan kwatankwacin yanayin ko tsinkayen dyadic. Kadai sha'awa damuwa da kudi na kawai hali jima'i da dyadic sha'awar da yawan halayen jima'i da abokin (Spector et al., 1996). SDI-2 yana da kyawawan halaye na psychometric tare da kyakkyawan daidaituwa na ciki na abubuwan guda biyu (.86 da .96, bi da bi; Spector et al., 1996). Nazarin da suka gabata sun ba da tabbacin halaye na psychometric a ƙasan samfuran da ke da harshe daban-daban da abubuwan jinsi, kamar su 'yan madigo da mazan gay (Dosch, Rochat, Ghisletta, Favez, & Van der Linden, 2016; Alamar et al., 2018).
Bayan kwatankwacin bayani, mun yi amfani da Dalibi t-kawai samar da kwatancen jinsi da kuma nazarin alakar Pearson don tantance hanyoyin hade tsakanin masu canji. Inda aka rasa bayanai, aka maye gurbin maki da matsakaitan sakamakon da mutum ya samu na abubuwan da ke cikin rashi, ko kuma jimlar yawan maki idan ba a sami alamar tambaya ba. Masu ba da amsa tare da ragin martani da suka wuce 10% an cire su.
An yi ƙididdigar ma'aunin tsarin (SEM) ta amfani da matsakaicin kimantawa. An yi la'akari da dacewa don zama mai kyau idan dabi'un ƙididdigar kamfani da aka daidaita (CFI) ya kasance kusan .90, the χ2/df rabo kusa da 2, kuma asalin yana nufin kuskuren murabba'i na kimanin (RMSEA) <0.08 (Arbuckle & Wothke, 2003; Byrne, 2010; Hu & Bentler, 1999). An yi nazarin ƙididdiga ta amfani da software TIBCO Statistica ™ 13.3.0 (TIBCO Software Inc., Palo Alto, CA, Amurka) da IBM® SPSS® Amos ™ 23.00 (IBM SPSS Software Inc., Wexford, PA, Amurka).
An gudanar da binciken ne bisa lafazin Sanarwar Helsinki. Kwamitin da'a na asibitocin jami'ar Geneva ya amince da ka'idojin binciken. An ba mahalarta cikakken bayanin makasudin binciken da hanyoyin kan layi. An nemi su ba da izinin su na kan layi, wanda ya basu damar amsa tambayoyin ba tare da an sani ba ta hanyar SurveyMonkey.
An gabatar da sakamakon bayyanawa a cikin Tebur 1. Dukkanin rarrabawa za'a iya la'akari da al'ada. Tebur 1 kuma yana samar da the coefficients ron na Cronbach da ake amfani dasu don gwada amincin ma'auni. Waɗannan ana ɗaukarsu masu gamsarwa yayin da e coefficient yake> .70, wanda ya kasance batun anan. Tebur 2 yana nuna bambance-bambance ta hanyar jinsi. Maza sun ninka sama da mata don haɓakar haɓakar cybersex, har ma don dyadic da sha'awar jima'i (tare da manyan sakamako masu yawa). Lokacin da aka kwatanta mahalarta marasa aure tare da waɗanda ke zaune tare da abokin tarayya, akwai bambanci mai mahimmanci don sha'awar jima'i dyadic (41.64 vs. 46.23, t = −2.73, p <.01, tare da matsakaiciyar tasirin tasiri). Kwatancen ta hanyar jima'i bai bayyana wani bambance-bambance mai mahimmanci ba, kodayake akwai yiwuwar mahalarta bisex su ba da rahoton ƙarin sha'awar jima'i kuma su sami ci gaban CIUS da yawa.
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Table 1. Nazarin kwatancen CIUS, CMQ, da SDI-2
| Ma'anar [95% CI] | Median | SD | range | Skewness | Kurtosis | d (KS) | Lilliefors (p) | Cronbach ta α | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CIUS | 19.54 [18.16-20.91] | 19 | 12.20 | 0-51 | 0.19 | -0.92 | 0.08 | <.01 | .93 |
| Haɓaka CMQ | 23.85 [23.04-24.66] | 25 | 12.20 | 8-40 | -0.36 | -0.23 | 0.08 | <.01 | .88 |
| CMQ zamantakewa | 10.33 [9.91-10.74] | 11 | 12.20 | 4-20 | -0.15 | -0.66 | 0.10 | <.01 | .72 |
| Yin maganin CMQ | 12.70 [12.15-13.25] | 13 | 12.20 | 5-25 | 0.06 | -0.85 | 0.08 | <.01 | .81 |
| SDI-2 | 64.25 [61.96-66.54] | 67 | 20.34 | 0-109 | -0.62 | 0.39 | 0.07 | <.01 | .91 |
| SDI-2 dyadic | 44.97 [43.48-46.47] | 47 | 12.20 | 0-70 | -0.88 | 1.07 | 0.08 | <.01 | .87 |
| SDI-2 solitary | 15.60 [14.61-16.59] | 17 | 12.20 | 0-31 | -0.32 | -0.89 | 0.10 | <.01 | .93 |
Note. CIUS: Amfani da Sigar Tsakanin Intanet; CMQ: Tambayar Motsin Intanet na Cybersex; SDI-2: Shiryayyar Jima'i-2; CI: tazara mai ƙarfi; SD: daidaitaccen daidaituwa; d (KS): Kolmogorov – Smirnov gwaji.
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Table 2. Kwatancen CIUS, CMQ, da maki SDI-2 ta hanyar jinsi
| Sanya | Men | Women | Girman sakamako | t | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ma'anar (SD) | Ma'anar (SD) | (Cohen ta d) | |||
| CIUS | 19.30 (11.18) | 19.76 (13.14) | -0.04 | -0.33 | .740 |
| Haɓaka CMQ | 26.25 (6.66) | 21.55 (7.01) | 0.65 | 6.01 | .001 |
| CMQ zamantakewa | 10.18 (3.47) | 10.47 (3.90) | -0.08 | -0.67 | .510 |
| Yin maganin CMQ | 12.82 (4.81) | 12.59 (4.93) | 0.05 | 0.40 | .690 |
| SDI-2 | 71.89 (17.88) | 56.90 (19.90) | 0.74 | 6.92 | .001 |
| SDI-2 dyadic | 48.35 (12.30) | 41.73 (13.37) | 0.50 | 4.51 | .001 |
| SDI-2 solitary | 19.02 (7.64) | 12.31 (8.64) | 0.76 | 7.18 | .001 |
Note. CIUS: Amfani da Sigar Tsakanin Intanet; CMQ: Tambayar Motsin Intanet na Cybersex; SDI-2: Shiryayyar Jima'i-2; SD: Bambanci daidai.
Saboda ba mu sami wani bambanci tsakanin yawan adadin CIUS tsakanin maza da mata ba, mun bincika yadda aka rarraba su gwargwadon ƙarfin amfani da yanar gizo (ƙananan, matsakaici, da girma). Matsayin duk mahalarta cikin rukunoni ukun (ta hanyar manyan makarantu) ya nuna cewa mata galibi suna cikin masu karamin karfi kuma manyan masu amfani da rukuni, alhali maza sun fi yawanci a cikin rukuni mai amfani. 3).
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Table 3. Halin halaye na rukuni uku na masu amfani da yanar gizo masu amfani da ƙananan, matsakaici, da kuma babban adadin CIUS
| M ci CIUS (n = 105) | Matsakaici CIUS ci (n = 102) | Babban ci CIUS (n = 99) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| CIUS [ma'ana (SD)] | 6.05 (3.84) | 19.48 (4.05) | 33.89 (5.28) |
| CIUS (kewayon) | 0-12 | 13-26 | 27-51 |
| Shekaru [yana nufin (SD)] | 32.68 (11.17) | 33.15 (11.90) | 32.06 (9.27) |
| Cikin dangantaka | 67.62% (n = 71) | 75.49% (n = 77) | 74.75% (n = 74) |
| Men | 46.67% (n = 49) | 56.87% (n = 58) | 43.43% (n = 43) |
| Women | 53.33% (n = 56) | 43.14% (n = 44) | 56.57% (n = 56) |
| Harkokin jima'i | 86.67% (n = 91) | 84.31% (n = 86) | 79.80% (n = 79) |
| Nunin jinsi | 3.81% (n = 4) | 6.86% (n = 7) | 3.03% (n = 3) |
| Tsarin Bisexual | 9.52% (n = 10) | 8.82% (n = 9) | 17.17% (n = 17) |
Note. CIUS: Amfani da Sigar Tsakanin Intanet; SD: Bambanci daidai.
Table 4 yana gabatar da daidaituwa tsakanin maki CIUS da CMQ da SDI-2 subscores. Sakamakon binciken yana nuna mahimmancin halaye masu kyau tare da dukkanin ƙananan kuɗi. An lura da ƙaƙƙarfan alaƙa tsakanin maki CIUS da maki guda don maƙasudin jimrewa na CMQ (r = .52, p <.001) da dalilai na zamantakewa na CMQ (r = .39, p <.001), kuma zuwa wata ƙasa kaɗan tsakanin ƙimar CIUS da haɓakar dalilan haɓakawa (r = .28, p <.001).
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Table 4. Rea'idoji tsakanin CIUS, CMQ, da SDI-2 scores
| CIUS | Haɓaka CMQ | CMQ zamantakewa | Yin maganin CMQ | SDI-2 | SDI-2 dyadic | SDI-2 solitary | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CIUS | 1 | .28 *** | .39 *** | .52 *** | .16 ** | .15 ** | .14 * |
| Haɓaka CMQ | 1 | .28 *** | .55 *** | .56 *** | .44 *** | .55 *** | |
| CMQ zamantakewa | 1 | .58 *** | .16 ** | .17 ** | .10 | ||
| Yin maganin CMQ | 1 | .22 *** | .20 *** | .19 ** | |||
| SDI-2 | 1 | .91 *** | .79 *** | ||||
| SDI-2 dyadic | 1 | .48 ** | |||||
| SDI-2 solitary | 1 |
Note. CIUS: Amfani da Sigar Tsakanin Intanet; CMQ: Tambayar Motsin Intanet na Cybersex; SDI-2: Shiryayyar Jima'i-2.
*p <.05. **p <.01. ***p <.001.
Table 5 yana gabatar da ka'idoji ta hanyar jinsi. Ga mata, akwai kyakkyawar alaƙa tsakanin maki CIUS da maki don maƙasudin magance matsalar CMQ (r = .51, p <.001) da dalilai na zamantakewa na CMQ (r = .49, p <.001), kuma zuwa mafi ƙarancin matsayi tsakanin ƙimar CIUS da ƙimar haɓaka haɓakar CMQ (r = .34, p <.001). Hakanan, babu wata ma'ana mai mahimmancin alaƙa tsakanin cius cius da ƙarancin sha'awar jima'i.
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Table 5. Reayuwa tsakanin CIUS, CMQ, da SDI-2 maki a cikin maza da mata
| Maza / mata | CIUS | Haɓaka CMQ | CMQ zamantakewa | Yin maganin CMQ | SDI-2 | SDI-2 dyadic | SDI-2 solitary |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CIUS | .26 *** | .25 *** | .54 *** | .30 *** | .25 *** | .28 *** | |
| Haɓaka CMQ | .34 *** | .08 | .47 *** | .44 *** | .29 *** | .49 *** | |
| CMQ zamantakewa | .49 *** | .50 *** | .41 *** | .05 | .09 | -.03 | |
| Yin maganin CMQ | .51 *** | .65 *** | .74 *** | .15 | .09 | .18 ** | |
| SDI-2 | .09 | .55 *** | .29 *** | .30 *** | .91 *** | .76 *** | |
| SDI-2 dyadic | .09 | .48 *** | .27 ** | .29 *** | .91 *** | .42 *** | |
| SDI-2 solitary | .07 | .48 *** | .23 *** | .21 *** | .76 *** | .44 *** |
Note. Partarshe maɓallin dila yana nufin maimaitawa ga maza da kuma ɓangaren ɓangare na mata. CIUS: Amfani da Sigar Tsakanin Intanet; CMQ: Tambayar Motsin Intanet na Cybersex; SDI-2: Shiryayyar Jima'i-2.
**p <0.01. ***p <.001.
Ga maza, mun lura da kyakkyawar alaƙa tsakanin maki CIUS da maƙasudin ma'amalar CMQr = .54, p <.001), kuma kuma, duk da cewa zuwa wata ƙaramar hanya, tsakanin ƙimar CIUS da ƙididdiga don wasu ƙananan ƙididdigar motsin CMQ. Ya bambanta da mata, mun sami ƙungiya tsakanin ɗaliban CIUS na maza da kuma ɗayansu biyu (r = .28, p <.001) da kuma sha'awar jima'i na dyadic (r = .25, p <.001).
A ƙarshe, mun gudanar da SEM don bincika alaƙar da ke tsakanin masu canjin da aka auna (CIUS, CMQ, da SDI-2) da haɗin gwiwar su (Figure 1). An yarda da dabi'u na daidai2/df = 3.01, CFI = 0.80, da RMSEA = 0.08). Mun ci gaba ta hanya irin ta maza da mata daban (duba Figures 2 da kuma 3). Darajar CFI ga maza sun kasance ƙasa kaɗan (0.74). Hoto 1 yana nuna ƙungiyar tsakanin maki CIUS da ƙudurin daidaitawa na CMQ da dalilan zamantakewa na CMQ. Hakanan yana nuna mahimmancin hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin abubuwan haɓaka haɓakawa na CMQ da sha'awar jima'i na SDI-2. Ga mazaje, Hoto 2 yana nuna haɗin gwiwa tsakanin maƙasudin daidaitawa na CMQ da CIUS, tare da alaƙa zuwa sha'awar jima'i na SDI-2. Hoto 3 mata suna ba da fifiko game da haɗin zamantakewa na CMQ da kuma dalilan yin haƙuri da CIUS.
Hoto 1. Dangantaka tsakanin tilasta amfani da yanar gizo (Tasirin Intanet Yi amfani da Scale score), dalilai na yanar gizo (Gudanar da tambayoyin Intanet na masu amfani da yanar gizo), da sha'awar jima'i (rabe-raben Jima'i-2) na duka samfurin (maza da mata). *p <.05. **p <.01. ***p <.001. χ2 = 2,295.60, df = 764, χ2/df = 3.01, p <.001, CFI = 0.80, da RMSEA = 0.08 [0.08-0.09]. Don karantawa, ana gabatar da canje-canje ne ɓoye kawai
Hoto 2. Dangantaka tsakanin amfani da yanar gizo (tilasta Internet amfani da Scale score), dalilai na yanar gizo (biyan bukatun tambayoyin intanet na cybersex), da sha'awar jima'i (Subscales na Jima'i-2) ga maza. *p <.05. **p <.01. ***p <.001. χ2 = 1,617.37, df = 764, χ2/df = 2.12, p <.001, CFI = 0.74, da RMSEA = 0.09 [0.08-0.09]. Don karantawa, ana gabatar da canje-canje ne ɓoye kawai
Hoto 3. Dangantaka tsakanin amfani da yanar gizo (tilasta Internet amfani da Scale score), dalilai na yanar gizo (biyan bashin tambayoyin yanar gizo na cybersex), da sha'awar jima'i (biyan kuɗi na Kasuwancin Jima'i-2) ga mata. *p <.05. **p <.01. ***p <.001. χ2 = 1,650.29, df = 766, χ2/df = 2.15, p <.001, CFI = 0.80, da RMSEA = 0.09 [0.08-0.09]. Don karantawa, ana gabatar da canje-canje ne ɓoye kawai
Sakamakon binciken bai nuna bambamce-bambance tsakanin maza da mata na yawan maki CIUS ba, amma sun nuna cewa matan da ke halartar taron galibi suna cikin masu karamin amfani ko babbar kungiyar masu amfani. Rashin bambancin jinsi bai dace da aikin da ya gabata ba (misali, Kafka, 2010). Kasancewar ƙungiyoyin ƙananan mata na rukuni mai haɗari, duk da haka, ya yi daidai da sauran karatun game da jaraba na halayyar ɗabi'a (Khazaal et al., 2017), nuna cewa tallafin mata na iya kasancewa cikin haɗarin haɗarin abubuwan jaraba.
Saboda mun dauki mahalarta taron ta hanyar yanar gizo da kuma ra'ayoyin jama'a, binciken yana yiwuwa ya kasance a cikin nuna son kai (Khazaal et al., 2014). Ba a ware yawancin mutane masu yawan amfani da yanar gizo ba. Abubuwan da ke kawo cikas daga cututtukan cuta saboda haka ba za a zana su daga binciken ba. Koyaya, sakamakon yana nuna haɗin tsakanin yawancin masu canji da kuma yawan adadin CIUS na maza da mata a wannan samfurin.
Sakamakon binciken ya ba da shawarar gudummawar CMQ, a cikin nau'ikan jinsi, har ma da wasu dalilai na zamantakewa, musamman ga mata, a cikin tilasta yanar gizo. Motsin kayan haɓakawa na CMQ ya nuna ƙaramin haɗin gwiwa tare da sakamakon CIUS, musamman ga maza.
Motsa zuciya yana nufin dabarun tseratar da mutum ya kafa yayin fuskantar fuskoki (misali, Barrault et al., 2016; Mai hakar ma'adinai, Coleman, Cibiyar, Ross, & Rosser, 2007). Zasu iya taimaka wa mutane su sami natsuwa ta ɗan lokaci yayin azaba (Coleman-Kennedy & Pendley, 2002; Leiblum, 1997). Sakamakon binciken ya nuna cewa irin waɗannan dalilai suna da alaƙa da tilasta yin amfani da yanar gizo na maza da mata. Wannan binciken ya yi daidai da wasu karatun game da amfani da abu (Blevins, Banes, Stephens, Walker, & Roffman, 2016; Grazioli et al., 2018) da sauran jaraba na ɗabi'a (Brand et al., 2014; Clarke et al., 2007; Khazaal et al., 2018), kamar yadda kuma tare da nazarin da ke nuna ma'amala tsakanin rashi mara kyau da sha'awar tasiri a cikin yanar gizo mai tilastawa (Wéry et al., 2018). A cikin wannan binciken, dalilan magance matsalolin CMQ suma sunada tasiri sosai kan CIUS a dukkan bangarorin biyu. A matakin asibiti, waɗannan sakamakon suna ba da shawarar mahimmancin abubuwan kutse waɗanda ke mai da hankali ga ƙa'idar ƙaura don taimakawa mutane tare da tilasta masu amfani da yanar gizo. Studiesarin karatu na iya amfana daga haɗawa da dabarun yin amfani da juna da kuma fahimtar abubuwan da ake buƙata na matsakaici tsakanin matsakaitan amfani da yanar gizo da kuma dalilan yin jimamin (Brand et al., 2014; Laier, Wegmann, & Brand, 2018).
Kamar yadda yake a cikin wasu karatun game da jaraba na ɗabi'a (Müller et al., 2017) da masu amfani da yanar gizo (Weinstein, Zolek, Babkin, Cohen, & Lejoyeux, 2015), binciken ya nuna wasu mahimman bambance-bambancen jinsi. Musamman ma, dalilan zamantakewa suna da alaƙa da maki CIUS na mata fiye da na maza. Wannan ya yi daidai da sauran karatun da ke nuna yawan shigar mata a shafukan sada zumunta (Dufour et al., 2016). Bugu da kari, ba a sami sha'awar yin jima'i da alaƙa da yawan abubuwan CIUS a cikin mata ba, yayin da an samu ƙungiyar, ƙananan ƙananan, ga maza.
Kodayake ƙungiyar mafi ƙarfi tsakanin ƙimar CIUS da sauran masu canji an bayyana shi mafi mahimmanci a duka lambobin biyu don dalilan daidaitawa na CMQ, an lura da ƙaramin ƙungiya don sha'awar jima'i tsakanin maza da don dalilan zamantakewa tsakanin mata. Wadannan binciken na iya yiwuwa ne sakamakon rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin mata da maza yayin sha'awar jima'i (Carvalho & Nobre, 2011). Gano cewa sha'awar jima'i wani dalili ne kawai a cikin tilastawa mahalarta yin amfani da yanar gizo na iya danganta su da bambance-bambancen jinsi ta yadda ma'anar dangantakar maza da mata ta hanyar sha'awar jima'i (Carvalho & Nobre, 2011).
Baya ga irin wannan bambance-bambancen jinsi, sakamakonmu yana ba da shawarar cewa sha'awar jima'i tana taka rawa kawai (a cikin maza), ko ma ba su da wata rawa (a cikin mata) a cikin amfani da yanar gizo na tilastawa. Bugu da ƙari, ƙaddamar da haɓaka kayan haɓaka na CMQ ba da alama yana ba da gudummawa ga ciwan CIUS ba. Wannan yana nuna cewa jarabar cybersex ba ta hanyar jima'i ba ko kawai ga maza kaɗan. Wannan binciken ya yi daidai da sauran karatun da ke nuna cewa son fa'idodin bidiyo na jima'i (Voon et al., 2014) da ayyukan jima'i (watau, yawan abokan hulɗar jima'i, gamsuwa da saduwa da jima'i, da kuma amfani da yanar gizo mai ma'amala) ba shi da alaƙa da cybersex mai tilastawa (Laier et al., 2014; Laier, Pekal, & Brand, 2015). Kamar yadda aka ba da shawara a cikin wasu karatuttukan akan halayyar jaraba, yanayin "son" (haɗarin hedonic) kamar yana taka rawa ƙarami fiye da "son" (jin daɗin haɓaka) da kuma girman "ilmantarwa" (ƙungiyoyi masu hangen nesa da fahimta, misali, koyo game da mummunan motsin rai taimako lokacin amfani da cybersex; Berridge, Robinson, & Aldridge, 2009; Robinson & Berridge, 2008).
Da farko kallo, karamin rawar sha'awar jima'i da dalilan haɓakawa a cikin yanar gizo mai ƙarfi yana da kyau. Ya bayyana cewa yanayin jima'i na gamsuwa ba shine babban jigon halayyar ba. Ana iya bayanin wannan lura da gaskiyar cewa CIUS ba ma'auni bane na jima'i ko amfani da yanar gizo, amma kimantawa game da amfani da yanar gizo mai ƙarfi. Abubuwan binciken sun dace da tsarin da ke da alaƙa da kiyaye halayen jaraba. An sanya shi cewa an ci gaba da yin maye ta hanyar motsawa daga gamsuwa (watau, neman ladan jima'i kai tsaye) zuwa biyan diyya (ma'ana, neman tsira daga mummunan yanayi; Matasa & Saurayi, 2017). Don ci gaba da bincika wannan tambaya, binciken da za a yi nan gaba ya kamata ya haɗa da kimantawa na amfani da yanar gizo, halayen jima'i, da kuma tilasta amfani da yanar gizo, tare da yanayin ladar da aka samu yayin amfani da yanar gizo. Za'a iya amfani da kimantawar yanayin halittu don bincika waɗannan tambayoyin (Benarous et al., 2016; Ferreri, Bourla, Mouchabac, & Karila, 2018; Jones, Tiplady, Houben, Nederkoorn, & Filin, 2018).
Wannan aikin yana da iyakancewa da yawa, galibi ya danganci ƙirar ɓangaren yanki, amfani da tambayoyin ƙimar kai, zaɓin son kai, da girman samfurin dacewa. Sakamakon ya kamata a tabbatar da shi ta hanyar karatun gaba, mai yiwuwa ya dogara da sakamakon yanzu, gami da ƙididdigar ƙarfi da tsara girman samfuri da cikakken kimantawa na amfani da yanar gizo (misali, batsa, saduwa, kyamaran yanar gizo, da hira) ko mai da hankali kan takamaiman aiki. CIUS ya dace da cybersex a cikin wannan binciken ya nuna kyakkyawan daidaito na ciki (Cronbach's α = .93). Yana da ma'auni na jima'i mai karfi, amma ba kimantawa na cybersex yayi amfani da kanta ba, kuma ba a ba da rahoton takamaiman ayyukan jima'i ba. Studiesarin karatu ya kamata ya haɗa da bayanin irin waɗannan ayyukan, ƙididdigar lada da ke da alaƙa da amfani da yanar gizo, kazalika da kimantawa game da shigar da jima'i ta hanyar Intanet (watau, yin jima'i, da sauransu) da kuma alaƙar ta da abokin.
Ablesarin bambance-bambancen tunani, kamar ɗaukaka kai, yanayi (Park, Hong, Park, Ha, & Yoo, 2012), impulsivity (Wéry et al., 2018), haushi (Khazaal et al., 2017; Yong, Inoue, & Kawakami, 2017), abin da aka makala (Favez, Tissot, Ghisletta, Golay, da Alkahira Notari, 2016), da kuma cututtukan tabin hankali (Starcevic & Khazaal, 2017), na iya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin hanyar yanar gizo na tilastawa, ban da gamsuwa na tunanin mutum da na jima'i a rayuwa ta ainihi.
YK, FB-D, da SR sun ba da gudummawa a cikin ra'ayi da ƙira. FBB, RC, SR, da YK sun ba da gudummawa a cikin ƙididdigar ƙididdiga da fassarar bayanai. YK ya ba da gudummawa a cikin daukar ma'aikata. FBB, SR, FB-D, RC, da YK sun ba da gudummawa wajen tsara rubutun.
Godiya
Marubutan za su so gode wa Barbara Kowane, ELS, na Editan Bayanai na BioMedical, da kuma Elizabeth Yates don gyara harshen Turanci. Hakanan zasu so godewa mahalarta binciken.
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