Bincike na farko game da dabi'un da ke tattare da halayen halayen jima'i (2009)

MAGAMAWA: Sakamakon gwaji ya nuna kamance tsakanin wadanda ke da halayen jima'i da sauran cututtuka irin su caca da kleptomania. Brain scans ya nuna cewa jima'i sun fi girma sunadarai matakai na farko da fararen fata. Wannan binciken ya dace ne da hypofrontality, wata alama ce ta jaraba.

Brain scans yana nuna wadanda ke tare da CSB sun rage kungiyar matattarar fata, kamar wanda aka samu a cikin rikicewar damuwa da PTSD. Ga yadda wannan bita - Kwayoyin Neurobiological Basirar Hudu (2016) - ya bayyana wannan binciken:

Wani binciken kuma wanda ya binciki tsarin alaƙar da ke tattare da haɗin kai ya yi amfani da hotunan tensor ya bazu kuma ya ba da rahoton maƙasudin maƙasudin mafi girma a cikin ɓangaren farar fata na gaba a yankin gaba na gaba (Miner, Raymond, Mueller, Lloyd, & Lim, 2009) da kuma alaƙa mara kyau tsakanin mahimman rarrabawa a cikin wannan hanyar kuma ƙididdiga a cikin halayyar halayen halayen jima'i. Wadannan marubutan suma suna ba da rahoton ƙarin halayyar motsa rai a cikin aikin Go-NoGo a cikin luwadi idan aka kwatanta da mahalarta iko.

Nazarin cikakken

Maganin ƙwararraki Res. 2009 Nov 30;174 (2): 146-51. Doi: 10.1016 / j.pscychresns.2009.04.008. Epub 2009 Oct 17.

Ƙananan MH1, Raymond N, Mueller BA, Lloyd M, Lim KO.

aProgram a cikin ɗan adam jima'i, Ma'aikatar Medicine Family da Health Community, Jami'ar Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, Amurka

Ƙungiyar Harkokin Siyasa, Jami'ar Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, Amurka

Cibiyar Ilimin Kimiyya, Jami'ar Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, Amurka

Cibiyar Harkokin Cibiyar Nazarin Gida, Cibiyar Ilimi, da Cibiyoyin Harkokin Cibiyar Bincike, Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Tsohon Kasuwanci, Minneapolis, Minnesota, Amurka

Hidima da kuma bayanan galley, Michael H. Miner, Ph.D., Shirin Shirin Harkokin Jima'i, Jami'ar Minnesota, 1300 So. Hanya na biyu, Taron 180, Minneapolis, MN. 55454, Wayar: 612-625-1500612-625-1500, Fax: 612-626-8311, Imel: [email kariya]

Abstract

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan an sami karin hankali a cikin ciwo na asibiti wanda ke nuna halayen jima'i, matsalolin jima'i, da kuma / ko halayyar jima'i da ke da alamu da yawa tare da rikitarwa na rikici. Wannan nazarin yana ba da cikakken bincike game da abubuwan da ke cikin ɓarna na wannan ciwo, Ƙwararren Jima'i (CSB), kamar yadda Coleman da abokan aiki suka fahimta. Mazauna maza goma sha shida, marasa lafiyar 8 CSB da 8 masu kula da marasa lafiya, sun kammala matakan da suka dace da halayyar kwakwalwa da kuma halayyar jima'i, aikin da aka tsara domin tantance ikon sarrafawa (tafi / babu aiki), da kuma yin amfani da hanyoyi masu tasowa (DTI) .

Sakamakon ya nuna cewa marasa lafiyar CSB sun fi muhimmanci sosai; ko auna ta gwaji na kwakwalwa ko tafiyarwa / ba hanya fiye da sarrafawa. Sakamakon kuma ya nuna cewa marasa lafiyar CSB sun nuna mahimmancin matsayi mafi girman matsayi na gaba shine ƙwararradi (MD) fiye da sarrafawa. Wani bincike na daidaitawa ya nuna ƙungiyoyi masu mahimmanci tsakanin matakan gaggawa da ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta (FA) da kuma MD, amma babu ƙungiyoyi da ke da ƙananan yankin gaba. Binciken da aka kwatanta sun nuna mummunar haɗuwa tsakanin haɓaka na gaba da lobe MD da takaddama na halayyar jima'i. Saboda haka, yayin da marasa lafiyar CSB sun fi damuwa fiye da sarrafawa, sakamakon DTI ba daidai ba ne tare da rikici na motsa jiki.

Ma'anoni: Harkokin jima'i mai haɗari, watsa labarun zane, impulsivity, jima'i jima'i, MRI, tsarin kwakwalwa

1. GABATARWA

A cikin shekarun da suka wuce, yawancin likitoci da masu binciken sun sami sha'awar ciwo da ke cikin ƙwayar cuta wadda ta shafi zubar da hankali da jima'i, jima'i ko jima'i wanda zai haifar da wahala ko rashin damuwa. Wannan abin mamaki shine ake kira Ƙarƙashin Jima'i (CSB), (Quadland, 1985; Coleman, 1991), rashin lafiyar paraphilia (Kafka, 1994), jima'i impulsivity (Barth da Kinder, 1987), da kuma jaraba da jima'i (Carnes, 1983; Goodman, 1993). Coleman da abokan aiki (Coleman, et al., 2000) ka'idodin da aka tsara don CSB da ke buƙatar ci gaba da jima'i da jima'i da jima'i da jima'i, jima'i, ko kuma hali a tsawon watanni shida wanda ya haifar da wahala ko rashin damuwa. Duk da yake akwai wasu jituwa game da yanayin da kuma ilimin ilimin jima'i, dukan masu binciken da aka ambata a sama sun yarda cewa ciwo ya ƙunshi haɗari, jima'i da jima'i, tare da matsala masu rikitarwa. A irin wannan yanayin, CSB yana kama da rikici na rikitarwa irin su kleptomania, caca-caca, da kuma cin abinci irin su bulimia nervosa da binge eating cuta.

Kodayake babu wani tunanin kwakwalwa game da CSB, an nuna cewa lalacewar lobes na gaba zai iya haifar da lalata halayyar jima'i, kuma ta haka ne, halayyar mace, ko CSB (Coleman, 2005). Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) wani ƙwarewar MRI ne wanda ke tafiyar da yaduwar ruwa a cikin kwakwalwa. DTI an yi amfani dashi don samar da bayanai kimanin abubuwa game da tsarin kwayar fata da mutunci. Bayanai na DTI za a iya wakilta a hanyoyi da dama, ciki har da anisotropy (fractional) (FA), wani ma'auni na yadda za'a rarraba ruwan ruwa a kan hanya, da kuma nuna bambancin (MD), ma'auni na yawan bambancin cikin jikin. Grant, et al. (2006) An yi amfani da DTI don bincika kwayar fata a kleptomania. Wadannan masu binciken sun gano cewa FA yana da muhimmanci ƙwarai a cikin yankuna masu ƙasƙanci waɗanda ke da kleptomania, yana nuna cewa canza tsarin kwayar fata a wannan yankin na kwakwalwa, wanda zai tasiri aikin gudanarwa da kuma hana mai hanawa (Hoptman, et al., 2002).

Dalilin wannan binciken shine gano kwayoyin halitta mai tsabta tare da DTI a cikin maza da CSB. An ba da sakamakon sakamakon kleptomania da kasancewar impulsivity a CSB, munyi zaton za mu sami mafi girma tsarin rarrabaccen abu a kan DTI a cikin gabanin lobes na maza tare da CSB kuma cewa wannan matsalar fararen kwayoyin halitta za a hade da mafi girma impulsivity a cikin marasa lafiyar CSB marasa iko na CSB.

2. MIDANE

2.1. Shafukan

Manyan mutane takwas da suka sadu da tsarin bincike na CSB da aka bayyana a sama an tattara su daga tsarin maganin kulawa ga mutanen da ke neman magani don matsalolin jima'i. Majiyoyin CSB sun ruwaito wadanda ba CSB ba. Five daga cikin 8 (62%) suna da tarihin babban ciwon zuciya, kusan dukkanin (7 na 8) yana da tarihin cin zarafi ko maye gurbin, yayin da 4 (50%) na da tarihin wasu magunguna ko dogara. Ɗaya daga cikin batutuwa yana da tarihin rikice-rikice-rikice-rikicewa kuma wani batun daya ya bada rahoton yadda ake magana da shi a yau. An zaɓi 'yan shekaru takwas da suka dace da su daga ɗakunan bayanai na mutanen da ke da lafiya da suke son shiga cikin binciken bincike. Matsayin shekaru na CSB da ƙungiyoyin kulawa sune 44.5 +/- 10.6 shekaru da 43.4 +/- 9.1 shekaru daidai da haka. Abubuwan da suka kunshi shekaru daga 19 zuwa 51 shekaru kuma ba su da bambanci sosai. Dukan masu halartar CSB sun kasance Caucasian da duk amma daya daga cikin masu halartar kulawa shine Caucasian. Mahalarta zasu iya samun koleji (100% na kungiyar CSB da 75% na ƙungiyar kulawa) kuma su rike sana'a ko sana'a (86% na kungiyar CSB da 63% na ƙungiyar kulawa). Babu matakan ilmantarwa ko matsayi na aiki wanda ya bambanta.

2.2. Hanyar

An yi wa dukkan mahalarta duba don sanin idan sun cancanci da kuma sha'awar shiga cikin binciken. Bayan haka an shirya wani gwajin farko. A lokacin wannan ganawar an yi hira da mahalarta ta hanyar yin amfani da Interview Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, Patient version (SCID-P: Na farko da al.1995) wanda ke da ɓangare na ƙungiyar bincike da aka ƙaddara don tantance bayyanar cututtuka na Ƙarƙwarar Ƙwararruwar Jima'i (Raymond, et al., 1999). An yi amfani da waɗannan tambayoyin don sanin idan mai takara ya sami ka'idoji ga CSB kuma ba shi da manyan manyan cututtuka ko maganin cututtukan abubuwa kamar yadda wadannan ka'idodin zasu hana shiga cikin binciken. Har ila yau, sakamakon SCID ba ya nuna rashin lafiya mai kwakwalwa a cikin marasa lafiya ko CSB.

A yayin da masu halartar farko suka gama kammala sasantawa da dama wadanda suka hada da: 1) Abubuwan Harkokin Jima'i Mai Haɗari (Coleman, et al., 2001; Miner, et al., 2007) wani ƙananan 22-abu wanda yayi nazarin ƙimar bayyanar CSB, 2) Siffar Ƙarƙashin Barratt (BIS 11: Patton, et al., 1995) wani nau'in abu na 30 wanda yayi la'akari da mahimmancin dabi'u masu ban sha'awa, da 3) Abinda ke Tambayar Abubuwan Tambayoyi (Patrick, et al., 2002) wani matakan 166 wanda yayi la'akari da halayen halaye iri-iri ciki har da ƙaddamar da matsala (tantance yanayin da yake da akasin impulsivity don haka ƙananan ƙananan a kan wannan sikelin yana nuna mafi girma impulsivity) da factor factor negative (tantance yanayin da ke tattare da matsalolin matsalolin motsa jiki) . Ayyukan kwamfuta suna aiki / ba-ci gaba da aiki (Braver, et al., 2001) kuma dukkan mahalarta sun kammala shi. Shirin ya bukaci mahalarta ko dai turawa ko kuma kada su matsa maballin lokacin da suka ga “X” a karkashin yanayi biyu daban. A yayin aiki 1 an gabatar da manufa akai-akai, wato an umarci masu amsawa su tura maɓallin linzamin hagu lokacin da suka ga kowane harafi ban da “X” (mita 83%) kuma hana tura maɓallin yayin da “X” ya bayyana (17% mita). Wannan yanayin yana kimanta matsayin impulsivity ta hanyar kirga kurakurai na kwamiti, lokacin da mahalarta suka kasa hana amsa ta hanyar tura maɓallin a gaban harafin X. A cikin ɗawainiya biyu da aka amsa sun tura maɓallin linzamin hagu kawai lokacin da suka ga “X” (17% mita) kuma abun shine kasancewa mai hankali don kar a rasa tura maɓallin lokacin da manufa (harafin X) ya bayyana. Wannan aikin yana tantance rashin kulawa ta hanyar kirga kurakuran rashin, lokacin da ɗan takara ya kasa amsawa ta latsa maɓallin gaban harafin X.

2.2.1 Imaging Siffofin

A nadin na biyu an samo bayanan hotunan haɓaka mai kwakwalwa daga dukkan mahalarta a kan wani bincike na Siemens 3T Trio (Erlangen, Jamus). Kwafin kwakwalwa ta kwakwalwa tare da T1 da kuma ƙananan proton (PD) sun kasance sun samo don amfani dashi a cikin rarraba nama. T1 An samo hotunan tare da daidaitawar kullun, ta yin amfani da jerin MP-Rage (TR = 2530ms, TE = 3.65ms, TI = 1100ms, nauyin 7 ƙyama, 240 partitions, 1 mm isotropic voxel). An samu nau'in PD a cikin mahimman bayanai, ta hanyar amfani da murya mai mahimmanci, turbo tace rubutun rubutun (TR = 8550ms, TE = 14ms, nauyin nau'in 120 mai kwakwalwa, 80 kwakwalwan nau'i, 1 × 1 × 2mm voxel). An samo kundin DTI tare da haɗin kai tsaye da kuma haɗawa da ƙarar PD, ta amfani da ƙwaƙwalwar taɗi guda biyu, kaya na EPI guda guda tare da 12 ƙaddarar hanyoyi (TR = 11500ms, TE = 98ms, 64 kwakwalwa 2 mm nau'i, 2 mm isotropic voxel, b = 1000 sec / mm2, Nauyin 2). An samo jerin siginan fili guda biyu tare da sigogin sakonni na kowa da DTI da kuma amfani da su don gyara bayanai na DTI don ƙaddamarwar geometric da aka haifar da inhomogeneities.

2.2.2. Ayyukan Anatomical

An sarrafa bayanan hotuna ta amfani da software (BET, FLIRT, FAST, FDT, FUGUE) daga Gidan Fayil na Fayil na FMRIB (http://www.fmrib.ox.ac.uk/). An fara cire kwakwalwa daga T1 da PD hotunan ta amfani da BET. A T1 ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya a yanzu ta haɗa da PD ta hanyar amfani da FLIRT. An rarraba kayan aiki na dual channel a kan PD da masu hada kai T1 Hotuna ta yin amfani da FAST, samar da nau'i hudu (CSF, fari, launin toka, da jini).

2.2.3. DTI aiki

An fara gyaran bayanai na farko don gyaran fuska a yanzu kuma an tsara tensor rarraba ta yin amfani da FDT kuma an tsara lissafin FA da MD (Basser, 1995). A b = 0 yada girma da kuma matakan FA da MD sun gyara saboda ɓarwar da ta haifar da inhomogeneity ta amfani da tashar taswirar filin da FUGUE.

An halicci masks da takamaiman kwayoyin halitta a kan kundin tsarin DTI wanda ya ragu ta hanyar yin rijistar kimantaccen taswirar matakan (PVE) daga tashar tashar tashar Dual da aka yi a kan muryar da aka tsara ta hanyar yin amfani da hanyar DTI ta hanyar amfani da hanyar da aka canza ta hanyar haɓakar da aka ƙaddara, DTI b = Hoton 0 zuwa girman PD. Ana kiran su a cikin batutuwa na DTI a matsayin farin fata idan an kiyasta nauyin kwayoyin halitta na ƙananan ƙafa ya wuce 90% kamar yadda DTI ya tsara ta hanyar PVE.

2.2.4. Yanki na ƙuduri mai amfani

Wani tsari na atomatik mai kama da wanda aka yi amfani dashi Wozniak, et al. (2007) An yi amfani da shi don ayyana yankuna masu amfani (ROIs). A T1 bayanai sun hada da MNI kwakwalwa ta duniya ta yin amfani da FLIRT tare da digiri na 12 na daidaitattun 'yanci. Mai aikin horo ya ƙaddara iyaka na Runduna na kowane batu ta wurin zaɓar jiragen sama hudu a kan mahaɗan MNI mai haɗa kai T1 image. Tsarin gwiwar coronal na baya (ACP) an bayyana shi a matsayin mafi tsinkaye na ainihi na ainihin calpum callosum; Tsarin coronal na karshe (PCP) an bayyana shi a matsayin mafi girma har zuwa splenium na corpus callosum; An fassara jirgin saman AC-PC (ACPC) a matsayin hanyar wucewa ta hanyar hanyar AC-PC; an tsara jirgin saman sama (SCP) a matsayin jirgin sama na sama a sama da mafi girman matsayi na calpum callosum a tsakiyar tsakiya (duba siffar 1).

Figure 1    

Duba sagittal: Yankin gaba wanda aka bayyana a baya zuwa ga bayanan coronal na baya (ACP) kuma ya raba ta hanyar ACPC zuwa cikin gaba na gaba (SUP) da na ƙasashen baya (INF).

An kiyasta yankuna biyu na bincike a cikin wannan bincike: yankin da ke gaba da shi ya zama matsayin tsohuwar ACP da mahimmancin ACPC, kuma an bayyana yankin na baya a matsayin tsohuwar abincin ga ACP kuma bai fi dacewa da ACPC ba (duba siffar 1). An tsara Hannuna a cikin hotunan DTI ta amfani da sababbin canje-canjen samfurin samfurori da aka ƙaddara daga MNI zuwa T1, T1 zuwa PD, da kuma PD don farawa DTI. Ana nuna mahimmanci ga farar fata FA da MD a cikin kowane yanki ga kowane batu da aka ƙaddara ta hanyar ƙaddamar da waɗannan ƙananan muryoyi a cikin mashin farar fata waɗanda suke cikin ROI.

2.3. Nazarin lissafi

Bambanci tsakanin CSB marasa lafiya da iko sunyi nazari ta amfani da dalibi t-gwaje-gwaje Ƙididdiga ta amfani da SPSS 15 na Windows don Windows. An kirkiro ƙungiyoyi ta hanyar amfani da Kayan Haɗin Kasuwanci na Kamfanin Pearson-Moment Correlation Coefficients.

3. Sakamakon

Bayanin da aka gabatar a cikin Table 1 nuna cewa ƙungiyar CSB ta bambanta daga controls a kan matakan ma'auni na impulsivity. Babban mahimmanci na CSB vs. Bambance-bambance na bambance-bambance sun samo don cikakkiyar impulsivity, t14= -2.64, P <0.019, da kuma Contraint, t14= 2.50, P <0.026. Bugu da ƙari, mahalarta CSB sun nuna mahimmancin halin rashin hankali, t14= -3.16, P <0.007. Har ila yau mahalarta CSB sun nuna ƙima mafi girma a kan CSBI, t14= 9.57, P <0.001,

Table 1    

Ma'anar bambancin dake tsakanin mahaukaciyar jima'i da kwakwalwa a kan ilimin likitanci, ƙwararru, da kuma matakan Neuroanatomical

Sakamakon wani tsari Go-No Go, wanda shine ma'auni na hali na impulsivity, sun kasance wadanda mahalarta CSB suka sanya karin kuskure mafi yawa, duka hukumomi, t14= 3.09, P <0.008, da tsallakewa, t14= 2.69, P <0.018, yayin yanayin maƙasudin maƙasudin ma kuma ya nuna ƙarin kuskuren da ya fi dacewa akan yanayin duka fiye da Gudanarwa (Kuskuren Hukumar: t14= 2.98, P<0.01; Kuskuren shiga: t14= 2.76, P<0.014).

Ana gabatar da sakamakon binciken nazarin hotunan da ke tattare da mahalarta CSB da masu halartar kulawa Table 1 da kuma Figure 2. Ƙungiyar CSB tana da ƙananan MD a yankin na gaba. Duk da yake bambance-bambance a tsakanin kungiyoyi a kan FA a cikin gabanin gaba bai kasance mai muhimmanci ba (P= 0.15) girman girman bambancin (d= 0.8) shine matsakaici zuwa babba (Cohen, 1988). Babu bambanci da yawa tsakanin kungiyar CSB da ƙungiyar kulawa akan kowane matakan da ke cikin ƙasa mafi ƙasƙanci kuma ƙananan sakamako ga bambance-bambance ƙananan.

Figure 2    

FA (× 1000) da kuma MD ta hanyar ƙungiya don Ƙananan Ƙananan Yankuna da Ƙananan Yankuna

An gabatar da ƙungiyoyi na matakan damuwa da ƙarancin hali da kuma samfurin samfurin Table 2 da kuma Figure 3. Sakamakon ya nuna muhimmancin ƙungiyoyi masu ɓarna da rashin tausayi tare da yankin FA na baya baya. Ƙididdiga ta nuna alamar ƙungiyoyi tare da FA, har ma yana fuskantar hanyar da ba ta dace ba tare da ƙungiyar MD ta baya. Wadannan matakan ba su nuna ƙungiyoyi a cikin yankin gaba mafi girma ba. Amma, CSBI ba ta nuna wata ƙungiya mai mahimmanci a yankin da ke baya ba, duk da haka, an sami babbar dangantaka mai ma'ana a tsakanin CSBI da kuma gaba na gaba MD.

Figure 3    

Scatterplot na Ƙananan Yankin Yankin FA (× 1000) vs. Barratt Impulsivity da Matsanancin Yanayi da Matsayi na Farko MD tare da Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙwarar Jima'i.
Table 2    

Sharuɗɗa a tsakanin Tsarin Kwacewa da Matsayi da Hanya.

4. DISCUSSION

Bayanan da aka gabatar a wannan takarda sunyi daidai da zaton cewa CSB yana da yawa a hade tare da rikici na motsa jiki, irin su kleptomania, caca da kuma cin abinci. Musamman, mun gano cewa mutanen da suka sadu da ka'idodin bincike game da halayen jima'i sun fi girma a kan rahotanni na rahotanni na impulsivity, ciki har da matakan cikakkiyar impulsivity da kuma halin mutum, Ƙaddamarwa. Duk da haka, kodayake akwai bambanci da yawa a tsakanin Sakamakon Tsarin Kasuwancin Barratt tsakanin masu kula da CSB da kuma iko, kuma wannan girman girman wannan bambanci ya kasance gwaji, ƙananan marasa lafiya na CSB sun kasance a cikin matsakaici na kusa don samfurin samfurin (Spinella, 2005).

Bugu da ƙari da matakan da aka yi na sama da kai, masu lafiya na CSB sun nuna matsala sosai a kan wani hali, tsarin Go-No Go. Daidaita da bincike game da rashin kulawar rashin lafiya na rashin lafiya (Dickstein, et al., 2006: Farmer da Rucklidge, 2006) da kuma tsarin wallafe-wallafe na gaba ɗaya (Asahi, et al., 2004; Cheung, et al., 2004; Spinella, 2004) marasa lafiya tare da CSB sun sami karin kurakurai na kwamiti akan tsarin Go-No Go. Duk da haka, sun nuna karin kurakurai na tsallakewa fiye da sarrafawa. A cikin mawuyacin halin da ake da shi, kuskuren tsallakewa shine ma'auni na inattentiveness. Ƙungiyoyinmu ba su bambanta a kurakurai a kan yanayin rashin amsa ba. Bambance-bambance a cikin kurakurai na ɓacewa a lokacin lokuta mai saurin amsawa sunyi kama da sakamakon da aka samo ga marasa lafiya, wadanda aka samu mafi yawan kuskuren kurakurai a cikin hanyar Go-No Go mai ban sha'awa idan aka kwatanta da marasa lafiya da magungunan trichotillomania (Chamberlain, et al., 2007). Wannan zai nuna cewa baya ga alamomi na impulsivity, ƙananan kurakurai na kwamiti a cikin marasa lafiya na CSB, akwai kuma alamar wasu batutuwa, wanda aka nuna ta rashin nasarar amsa lokacin da ana buƙatar amsa. Yana yiwuwa wannan wani nau'i ne na jimiri, wanda zai iya zama daidai da mai tilasta, ban da ƙazantarwa, girman CSB.

Sabanin tsammanin, babu bambancin dake tsakanin marasa lafiyar CSB da kuma iko a kan tsarin DTI, FA da MD, a yankin da ke baya. Duk da haka, marasa lafiya na CSB sun nuna rashin lafiya a MD a yankin da ke gaba da kuma mafi girma FA, kodayake bambancin dake cikin FA ba su kai ga muhimmancin kididdiga ba. Wadannan bambance-bambance suna da girman girman (d = 0.8 na FA da 1.4 don MD). Saboda haka, yayin da bincikenmu game da impulsivity ya kasance daidai da binciken kan wasu matsalolin rikici na rikice-rikicen, ƙwayoyin mu na DTI sune ba daidai da wannan bincike ba, wanda ya samo matsalolin matsalolin da za a hade tare da ƙaddarar matsalar launi na baya, wanda shine low FA da high MD (Hoptman, et al., 2002; Grant, et al, 2006; Rüsch et al., 2007).

MD da FA su ne matakan tsaro wanda ya taƙaita halaye na tensor rarraba, wanda shine nau'i na matrix kuma ya ƙunshi bayanin da ke kwatanta girma da kuma jagorancin tsarin gurbataccen ruwa a cikin jiki. Za'a iya ganin nauyin yadawa a matsayin mai ellipsoid tare da hanyoyi na uku kothogonal tare da tsawon tsayi wanda ya wakiltar matsayi na watsawa a wannan iyakar. MD yana wakiltar cikakken sararin samaniya wanda aka samo shi don ruwa don rarrabe kansa, haka ne tsawon tsawon dukkanin hanyoyi uku. FA tana wakiltar raguwa tsakanin tsayin ma'adinan farko da sauran sauran hanyoyi na biyu - babbar anisotropy zai wakilci labaran da aka daidaita sosai a daya hanya (Wozniak & Lim, 2006). DTI matakan ba cikakkun matakai ba ne kuma suna bukatar a fassara a cikin mahallin. Don gano ilimin cututtuka ta amfani da DTI kullum yana buƙatar yin kwatanta tare da yawan samfurin marasa samuwa a daidai wannan wuri na anatomical. Alal misali, ƙetare fiber suna haifar da raguwa a FA. Rashin salo guda ɗaya na zaruruwa a kan gicciye, kamar yadda aka nuna a bugun jini (Pierpaoli, et al., 2001), zai iya haifar da karuwa a FA a cikin marasa lafiya. Bayanin mu, ya nuna karuwa a FA kuma ragewa a MD a cikin wani abu mai mahimmanci a gaban marasa lafiya na CSB idan aka kwatanta da batutuwa marasa daidaitawa. Wannan zai iya yin tasiri da ƙungiyar fiber canzawa, mai yiwuwa saboda ƙananan igiyoyi masu ƙetare a ƙananan magunguna na marasa lafiya CSB da ƙananan sarari a cikin wannan yanki, mai yiwuwa saboda kusantuwa da ƙwayar nama.

Bisa ga bambance-bambance da aka samo, mun bincika karin bayanai na DTI ta hanyar bincika ƙungiyarta tare da matakanmu na impulsivity da halayyar jima'i. Dangane da bincike na baya, mun sami ƙungiyoyi masu mahimmanci tsakanin matakan gaggawa da kuma tsarin DTI na ragowar kwayoyin halitta a cikin ƙananan baya. Duk da haka, daidai da bambancin bambance-bambance tsakanin marasa lafiya CSB da Kwamfuta kuma ba daidai ba da sakamakon binciken matakan gaggawa, mun sami wata ƙungiya mai ma'ana tsakanin CSBI da gaba na MD. Cibiyar ta CSBI ba ta nuna wata ƙungiya ba tare da matakan tsaro na gaba, kuma matakan da ba shi da matsala ba su nuna wata dangantaka tare da matakan da suka dace ba. Ƙungiyar CSB tare da rage MD, yayin da ba daidai ba tare da impulsivity, ya dace da bayanan da ke fitowa daga rikici. Ƙara FA da rage MD sun samu a marasa lafiya da rashin tsoro da matsananciyar damuwa da cututtuka (Abe, et al, 2006; Han, et al., A cikin latsa). Bugu da ƙari, an gano tsananin bayyanar cututtuka da za a iya danganta shi tare da FA kuma a hade da MD (Han, et al., A cikin latsa). Har ila yau, bincikenmu game da FA da MD sun yi murmushi don samun ilimin DTI game da rashin lafiya-rashin ƙarfi (OCD). Dubban darussan DTI sun gano cewa marasa lafiya na OCD suna nuna karin FA lokacin da aka kwatanta da sarrafawa a yankuna masu kwakwalwa kamar na yankin da ke gabanta wanda aka bincika a wannan binciken (Cannistraro, et al., 2007; Yoo, et al., 2007; Menzies, et al., 2008; Nakamae, et al., 2008). Bugu da ƙari, Nakamae, et al. (2008) ya sami haɗin gwargwadon yaduwa (ADC) a cikin hagu na tsakiya na hagu na OCD marasa lafiya idan aka gwada su. ADC ne ma'auni kamar MD.

Coleman (1991) yayi magana game da CSB kamar yadda kullun ke haifarwa, musamman damuwa da damuwa. Bayanai a nan yana nuna daidaituwa da CSB kasancewa mai kula da mummunar tasiri a cikin wadanda marasa lafiya CSB sun fi girma akan rashin tausayi, wani sikelin wanda ya nuna matsaloli tare da tsari na tunani (Patrick, et al., 2002), kuma ya nuna bambance-bambance DTI da Go-No Go da ke cikin daidaituwa. A gaskiya ma, bayanan daga wannan binciken ya nuna cewa, akalla game da matakan neuroantomical, CSB na iya karawa a kan OCD fiye da magungunan bugun jini.

Babban mahimmancin wannan binciken shine samfurin samfurin. Bada kananan samfurori, kuma gaskiyar cewa mun zaɓa don gudanar da bincike masu yawa ba tare da kulawa don kuskuren-gwagwarmaya ba, yana yiwuwa wasu daga cikin bincikenmu masu banza ne. Duk da haka, yawancin haɗin gwargwadon hulɗarmu sun zama ainihin mahimmanci kuma ƙananan samfurori ga bambancin ƙungiyoyi ma sun zama mahimmanci. Saboda haka, waɗannan nazarin na farko sun kasance masu alƙawari kuma sun nuna cewa akwai alamun neuroanatomical da / ko abubuwa neurophysiological da ke hade da halayen halayen jima'i. Wadannan bayanai sun nuna cewa CSB yana iya kasancewa ta hanyar impulsivity, amma yana haɗa da wasu abubuwan da aka gyara, wanda zai iya dangantaka da motsin rai da kuma juyayi na OCD. Karin nazarin da ke yin amfani da wadannan hanyoyin a manyan samfurori na wakiltar mutane waɗanda suka hadu da ka'idodin bincike na CSB da kuma marasa kulawa ba a nuna su. Bugu da ƙari na ƙungiyar masu haƙuri da ƙungiyar marasa lafiya da ba za a iya taimakawa wajen ɗaukar fasali mai mahimmanci daga siffofi masu mahimmanci na jima'i. Wannan zai cigaba da fahimtar wannan halin da ake ciki game da liwadi. A cikin shekarun da yawa an bayar da ra'ayoyin da yawa dangane da ilimin ilimin halitta na CSB. Sabbin sababbin hanyoyin fasaha na yanzu sun ba mu kayan aiki don nazarin kwayoyin halitta (kwakwalwar kwakwalwa, da sauransu) daga cikin waɗannan ka'idar.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Wannan aikin na tallafi ne ta hanyar Grant-in-Aid na Bincike, Harkokin Kimiyya da Scholarship daga Jami'ar Minnesota zuwa Michael H. Miner, da P41 RR008079, P30 NS057091 da M01-RR00400 National Center for Research Resources, Lafiya ga Kelvin O. Lim. Masu marubuta suna so su gode wa Dr. S. Charles Schulz wanda ya ba da tallafi da tallafi don wannan bincike. Muna kuma godiya ga Dr. Eli Coleman don shawara da goyon bayan wannan bincike.

Bayanan kalmomi

Bayanin Mai Bugawa: Wannan fayil ɗin PDF ne na rubutattun takardun da ba a yarda da su ba. A matsayin sabis ga abokan cinikinmu muna samar da wannan farkon farkon rubutun. Rubutun za su shawo kan gurbatawa, gyare-gyare, da kuma nazarin tabbacin da aka samo kafin a buga shi a karshe. Lura cewa a yayin da ake samar da kurakurai za a iya gano abin da zai iya shafar abubuwan ciki, kuma duk abin da doka ta yanke game da wannan littafin ya shafi.

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