Ƙarfafa ilimi, rarrabawa, magani, da manufofi na manufofin Bayani game da: Harkokin halayyar jima'i mai tsanani a cikin ICD-11 (Kraus et al., 2018)

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Gola Mateusz

A wani lokaci na samun damar intanet a cikin na'urori ta hannu, irin waɗannan batutuwa da batsa masu amfani da su, neman hanyoyin sadarwar da aka biya, da kuma lokuta masu jima'i (wanda ake kira ƙira-ƙuƙwalwa) sun kasance sun fi yawa. Koyaswa na yau da kullum da kuma maganin asibitoci sun nuna cewa ga wasu mutane, wadannan sababbin nau'in halayen jima'i sun zama matsala kuma sun sanya magunguna neman (Gola, Lewczuk, & Skorko, 2016). Bisa ga irin wannan hali, kalmomin kamar "jima'i na jima'i" sun kasance a cikin kafofin watsa labaru da kuma tattaunawa na jama'a. Duk da haka, duk da muhimmancin zamantakewar jama'a da kuma sha'awar wannan abu, al'amuran halayen jima'i (CSBs) na tsawon shekaru sunyi tsayayyar zama a gefe na nazarin kimiyyar kimiyya da rarraba ilimin psychiatric (Kafka, 2014; Kraus, Voon, & Potenza, 2016; Potenza, Gola, Voon, Kor, & Kraus, 2017).

Shekaru na nazarin kimiyya da na asibiti akan CSBs, jima'i da jima'i sun haifar da ra'ayoyin ra'ayi, amma idan aka kwatanta da sauran halayyar halayyar hauka da rashin lafiya, ƙananan bayanai sun kasance don gwada su (Gola & Potenza, 2018). A gefe guda, ƙarancin bayanai na iya hana shigar da cutar CSB ko gine-ginen da suka danganci [watau, rikicewar liwadi (Kafka, 2010)] a cikin na biyar na Bincike da kuma na ilimin kididdiga Manual da shafi tunanin mutum cuta (DSM-5; Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Amurka, 2013), duk da sakamakon sakamako na DSM-5 da ke da alaka da rashin daidaituwa tsakanin mazauni (Reid et al., 2012). A wani ɓangaren kuma, babu wani tsarin bincike wanda ya dace da ka'idodin da aka ƙayyade ya iya hana bincike, tattara bayanai, da kuma ilimin ilimi game da CSBs. Abin farin, muhimmancin ci gaba da kwanan nan a fahimtar bangarori masu muhimmanci na CSBs sun faru.

Kraus et al. (2018) da aka bayyana sharuɗɗa don rikicewar CSB kamar yadda aka tsara don haɗawa a cikin ICD-11. A ra'ayinmu, shawarar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya game da bada shawarar CSB don shiga a cikin ICD-11 mai zuwa shine muhimmin mataki daga matsayin mutanen da ke neman magani ga CSBs; likitocin da ke ba da irin wannan jiyya; masu bincike masu sha'awar yin nazarin wannan batun; da kuma al'umma suna ta yin tambayoyi da kuma karɓar amsoshi, wanda ya isa ya sanar da ƙoƙarin siyasa. Muna so mu gabatar da ra'ayoyi a kan waɗannan bangarorin hudu da kuma murya mafi muhimmanci da muka yi imanin da ya kamata a gudanar da bincike a nan gaba.

Ga mutane da yawa waɗanda ke fuskantar yanayin wahala ko gazawa wajen sarrafa zafin nama, maimaita sha'awar jima'i ko kuma larurar da ke haifar da halayyar jima'i haɗuwa da damuwa ko rashin ƙarfi a cikin mutum, iyali, zamantakewa, ilimi, sana'a, ko wasu mahimman wurare na aiki, shi yana da matukar mahimmanci mutum ya iya suna kuma ya gano matsalar su. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci masu bada kulawa (watau, likitoci da masu ba da shawara) wanda mutane zasu iya neman taimako daga wurin su sun san CSBs. A lokacin nazarinmu wanda ya shafi nau'o'in 3,000 da ke neman magani ga CSB, mun ji cewa mutane da ke shan wahala daga CSB sun fuskanci matsala masu yawa a lokacin neman taimakon su ko kuma tare da likitoci (Dhuffar & Griffiths, 2016). Magunguna sunyi rahoton cewa ƙwararrun likitoci zasu iya guje wa batutuwa, sun bayyana cewa irin waɗannan matsalolin ba su wanzu, ko sun nuna cewa mutum yana da kullun jima'i, kuma ya kamata ya karɓa maimakon yin zalunta (duk da cewa ga waɗannan mutane, CSBs na iya jin dadi-dystonic da jagoranci ga sakamakon mummunan sakamako da yawa). Mun yi imanin cewa ingantattun ƙa'idodi masu dacewa don rikicewar CSB zai haɓaka ƙoƙarin ilimi ciki har da haɓaka shirye-shiryen horo kan yadda za a tantance da kuma bi da mutane da alamun cutar CSB. Muna fata cewa irin wannan shirye-shirye zai zama wani ɓangare na horo na asibiti don masu ilimin likita, likitoci, da sauran masu samar da kulawa da lafiyar hankali, da sauran masu kula da su ciki har da masu kula da kulawa na farko, kamar su likitoci. (girmamawa kara da cewa)

Tambayoyi na asali game da yadda za a fahimci cutar CSB da kuma samar da jiyya mai kyau ya kamata a magance su. Shirin da ke yanzu na kirkirar cutar CSB a matsayin rikici-rikice-rikicen rikice-rikicen abu ne mai rikitarwa kamar yadda aka tsara samfurori daban-daban (Kor, Fogel, Reid, & Potenza, 2013). Akwai bayanai da ke bayar da shawarar cewa CSB ta ba da dama da fasali tare da jaraba (Kraus et al., 2016), ciki har da bayanan da aka gano a baya ya nuna karuwar amsawa na yankuna masu kwakwalwa da suka shafi sakamako saboda amsa bayanai da ke tattare da maganganu na ruhu (Alamar, Snagowski, Laier, & Maderwald, 2016; Gola, Wordecha, Marchewka, & Sescousse, 2016; Gola et al., 2017; Klucken, Wehrum-Osinsky, Schweckendiek, Kruse, & Stark, 2016; Voon et al., 2014). Bugu da ƙari, bayanai na farko sun nuna cewa naltrexone, magani tare da alamomi ga barasa- da kuma cututtuka na amfani da opioid, zai iya taimakawa wajen magance CSBs (Kraus, Meshberg-Cohen, Martino, Quinones, & Potenza, 2015; Raymond, Grant, & Coleman, 2010). Dangane da yanayin da CSB ya tsara game da yanayin da ake gudanarwa a matsayin cuta mai rikici, akwai bayanai da ke nuna cewa mutane da ke neman magani ga wani nau'i na matsalar CSB, maganin batsa, ba su bambanta da yanayin impulsivity daga yawan jama'a. An gabatar da su tare da ƙara damuwa (Gola, Miyakoshi, & Sescousse, 2015; Gola et al., 2017), da kuma maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin ƙwayar cuta da ke nuna damuwa da bayyanar cututtuka na iya taimakawa wajen rage wasu alamun cututtukan CSB (Gola & Potenza, 2016). Duk da yake ba zai iya yiwuwa a zartar da ƙaddara game da rarrabuwa ba, ƙarin bayanai suna nuna goyon baya ga jinsin jiki kamar yadda ake yi wa ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta idan aka kwatanta da wani rikici-rikici (Kraus et al., 2016), kuma ana buƙatar karin bincike don nazarin dangantaka tare da wasu halin hauka (Potenza et al., 2017).

Kamar sauran yanayin tabin hankali, rashin lafiyar CSB na iya kasancewa mai banbanci tare da hanyoyin ba da gudummawa da yawa. Siffar CSB na iya wakiltar wani mahimmin abu da za a yi la'akari da shi dangane da bambancin rashin daidaito. Misali, bambance-bambance na iya kasancewa dangane da halartar galibi cikin halayyar jima'i tsakanin mutane (misali, haɗarin haɗarin haɗari da wasu mutane ko hidimomin biyan kuɗi) da ɗabi'un kaɗaici (misali, yin amfani da hotunan batsa da al'aura; Efrati & Mikulincer, 2017). Yana yiwuwa tsohon zai iya danganta ga ƙananan matakan da ba shi da matsala da kuma neman abin da ake nufi da shi, kuma wannan na iya danganta da matsanancin juyayi, tare da kowannensu yana da nasaba da sassa daban-daban kamar yadda aka tsara don halaye masu amfani da barasa (Coleman, 1991, 2015; Gola et al., 2015; Stark & ​​Klucken, 2017); duk da haka, wannan yuwuwar yana ba da izinin gwajin kai tsaye.

Ya kamata a bincika dabarun magani da ilimin halayyar ƙwaƙwalwa don ɓarnawar CSB da yiwuwar ƙananan abubuwa. A halin yanzu, akwai karancin nazarin tsarin cuta na CSB, musamman tare da la'akari da yuwuwar ƙananan abubuwa kamar amfani da batsa mai matsala. Irin waɗannan karatun za su buƙaci tallafi daga hukumomin kuɗi (Potenza, Higuchi, & Alamar, 2018). Nazarin abubuwan marasa amfani ko halayyar dabi'u kamar caca caca basu karbi tallafin gwamnati ba hanyar da ke rikitarwa kamar yanayin, damuwa, amfani da ilimin psychotic, da kuma sauran magunguna (Edita, 2018). Bayar da damuwa da lafiyar jama'a da suka shafi CSBs, muna fatan cewa hukumomin gwamnati da wasu masu ruwa da tsaki (ciki harda ba'a iyakance ga masu samar da masu ba da labarun bidiyo, masu samar da Intanet, da masu samar da na'urori na dijital) zasu taimaka wajen gudanar da bincike kan manyan tambayoyi da suka shafi CSB rikici da ƙaddamarwa, ci gaba da fassarar al'ada da kuma ƙwarewa ta hanyar kwakwalwa da kuma kwarewa, tasiri na taswirar Intanit (musamman game da samari na matasa da kuma abubuwan da ke ci gaba), da kuma gano abubuwan da suka shafi rashin lafiyar da zai iya sa mutane su shiga hadarin matsaloli tare da CSBs. Wadannan da wasu tambayoyin suna ba da hankali ga inganta rigakafin, magani, da kuma kokarin da aka yi na siyasa don inganta lafiyar jima'i a kowane mutum da kuma al'umma. (an kara jaddadawa)

A cikin ra'ayi, bayyane gano ka'idodin maganin cutar CSB kamar yadda aka tsara don shiga cikin ICD-11 ya kafa tushen mahimmanci don tafiya mai tsawo don magance tambayoyi masu muhimmanci. Jawabi da amsa irin waɗannan tambayoyin ya kamata ya samar da ingantacciyar fahimtar mutanen da ke fama da kuma waɗanda ke fama da cutar ta CSB kuma ya haifar da ingantacciyar lafiyar jima'i ga jama'a.