Tendances ga rashin amfani da labarun Intanit: Differences tsakanin maza da mata game da sha'awar hankali ga hadarin bidiyo (2018)

Tun da yanar-gizo ya zama kayan aiki mai mahimmanci don magance burin da ake bukata ko cika wasu bukatu, ya tabbata cewa mutane da yawa suna amfani da shi don yin jima'i (Döring, 2009). Yawancin masu amfani da batsa na Intanit suna samun sakamako mai kyau, irin su wadatar rayuwar mutum ko jima'i na tunanin jima'i (Grov, Gillespie, Royce, & Lever, 2011; Hald & Malamuth, 2008; Paul, 2009; Shaughnessy, Byers, Clowater, & Kalinowski, 2014). Wasu masu amfani, duk da haka, suna da alama su inganta yanayin amfani da ƙari da yawa ta hanyar ƙara ta amfani da sau da maƙasudin ƙuntatawa akan amfani da kuma suna fama da mummunan sakamako saboda sakamakon yin amfani da su ba tare da kariya ba na Intanet (Griffiths, 2012). Saboda sauƙin amfani da kuma iyawar batutuwan batsa da kuma masu amfani 'sun gane rashin sani (Cooper, 1998), yin amfani da hotuna na Intanit yana da matukar damuwa ga abin da zai iya cin moriya (Griffiths, 2001; Meerkerk, van den Eijnden, da Garretsen, 2006; Matashi, Pistner, O'Mara, & Buchanan, 1999). Game da wasu aikace-aikacen Intanet da yawa (misali, sadarwar zamantakewa ko sayayya), ana tattaunawa akan ko abin da ke faruwa na rashin iya sarrafawa da yawan amfani da batsa na Intanet ana iya ɗauka azaman ɗayan takamaiman rikicewar amfani da Intanet (Alamar, Matasa, Laier, Wölfling, & Potenza, 2016; Garcia & Thibaut, 2010; Kuss, Griffiths, Karila, & Billieux, 2014; Laier & Brand, 2014). Kodayake ana tattauna yadda ake rikice-rikice, yawancin marubuta sunyi la'akari da rashin yin amfani da batuttukan Intanet (IPD) a matsayin abin kunya, abin da yake daidai da labarun labaran Intanet ko matsalar caca. Sakamakon haka, yin amfani da tsarin jaraba yana da amfani ga nazarin ilimin halayen kwakwalwa wanda zai iya kasancewa IPD. Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da aka yi nazari a hankali a cikin rikici-rikice-rikice-rikice-rikice-rikice-rikice-rikice-rikice-rikice-rikice-rikice shi ne haɓakawa da hankali game da abin da ya shafi jita-jita (Bradley, Mogg, Wright, & Field, 2003; Field, Marhe, & Franken, 2014; van Hemel-Ruiter, de Jong, Ostafin, & Wiers, 2015).

Ana nuna bambanci a hankali kamar yadda tsarin tunanin mutum ya shafi abin da ya shafi damuwa (Filin & Cox, 2008). Bisa ga misali, burin abubuwan da suka shafi ra'ayoyin kai tsaye shine, alal misali, ka'idodin fahimta na Robust da Berridge (1993). Robinson da Berridge (1993) suna jayayya cewa mutane da ke fama da rikice-rikice suna nuna saurin hanzari ga abubuwan da suka faru, waɗanda ke da alaƙa da halayyar haɗari (misali, shan ƙwayoyi), saboda jin daɗin sha'awar abin. Ana ɗaukar jin daɗin haɓaka azaman sakamakon tsarin kwalliyar gargajiya (Robinson & Berridge, 2000, 2001, 2008). Dangane da ci gaba da kulawa da IPD, waɗannan tsinkayen hankali na iya tsangwama tare da tsarin yanke shawara don samun karimci na gajeren lokaci game da haɗakar jima'i. Ana tsammanin cewa tsammanin sahihanci na jima'i yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunkasawa da kiyaye IPD a matsayin cin gamsuwa yana da kyau (kuma wani abu ne)Brand et al., 2011; Georgiadis & Kringelbach, 2012; Young, 1998). Nemo daga bincike na baya sun nuna rashin lafiyar jima'i da haɓakawa (Hoffmann, Janssen, & Turner, 2004; Klucken et al., 2009) sabili da haka ya nuna muhimmancin jima'i a matsayin hangen nesa ga IPD (Laier & Brand, 2014; Snagowski, Laier, Duka, & Brand, 2016). Hanyar dabarar hankali game da matsalolin da ake haɗaka da halin ƙwaƙwalwa ya riga an nuna su ga rashin labarun Intanit (Dong, Zhou, & Zhao, 2011; Jeromin, Nyenhuis, & Barke, 2016; Lorenz et al., 2012; Metcalf & Pammer, 2011) amma ba ga IPD ba, har zuwa yau.

A cikin tsarin binciken da aka buga a kwanan baya, tsarin hulɗar Mutum-Cutar-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE)Brand et al., 2016) na ƙwarewar amfani da yanar-gizon, masu marubuta suna ɗaukar hulɗar juna tsakanin yanayin da aka sani da halin da ake ciki da kuma maganganun da suka dace a kan wasu bayanai. Wannan zato yana dogara ne akan ka'idar dual-process (Bechara, 2005), inda zamu iya ganin dabi'ar yin jaraba a matsayin sakamakon hulɗar tsakanin wani aiki na atomatik, motsa jiki da kuma sarrafawa mai mahimmanci. Idan akai la'akari da yadda za a magance matsalolin da ake da shi a cikin maganin jaraba, zalunci na hankali ya haifar da rashin daidaituwa tsakanin waɗannan matakai guda biyu kuma suna da damuwa fiye da yadda aka motsa su kamar yadda sakamakon sakamako ne (Bechara, 2005). Rikici da dama tare da jita-jita dangane da abubuwan da ake ciki a cikin tsarin ci gaba na jaraba ya ƙarfafa kulawa da hankali kuma hakan yana kara karuwa ga amsawa ga waɗannan alamun. Bincike a kan halin halayyar halayya na iya nuna cewa mutanen da ke shan magani sunyi sauri a kan matsalolin jima'i dangane da karfin zuciya idan aka kwatanta da mutanen lafiya (Mechelmans et al., 2014). Misali na I-PACE ya nuna cewa a cikin mutane sunyi kuskure don bunkasa bayyanar IPD abubuwan da ke tattare da shi, irin su kulawa da hankali, da kuma haɓakawa da kuma sha'awar tashi da kuma ƙarawa a cikin tsarin jaraba. Duk da yake sha'awar ita ce mafi yawancin maganganun da ake bukata don yin amfani da magani (Sayette et al., 2000), cue-reactivity yana wakiltar mahimmancin ra'ayi da kuma ilimin lissafi a fannin jita-jita (Drummond, 2001) kuma sabili da haka ya fi mayar da martani fiye da yadda ya kamata. Sabili da haka, zamu ɗauka cewa tsinkayen hankalin da ake da shi a kan bayyanar cutar ta IPD yana da tsaikowa ta hanyar cue-reactivity da craving.

Sabanin ra'ayi na gaba, batutuwa ba kawai cinyewa ne kawai ba, amma ana amfani da hankali ga masu amfani da mata, koda kuwa lokacin amfani da zaɓin abun ciki ya bambanta da amfani da maza (Daneback, Cooper, & Månsson, 2005; Ferree, 2003; Shaughnessy, Byers, & Walsh, 2011). Duk da iyakokin karatun da ake yi game da al'amuran ƙwayoyi a cikin masu amfani da mata, akwai hujja mai zurfi game da daidaito tsakanin maza da mata masu amfani (Green, Carnes, Carnes, & Weinmann, 2012; Laier, Pekal, & Brand, 2014). Sakamakon maza da mata daidai ne da binciken da suka gabata, suna nuna cewa sha'awace-sha'awacen jima'i da sha'awar sha'awa sune manyan masanan basu gani don ci gaba da kiyayewa na IPD kuma suna dogara ne akan ƙungiyoyi masu ilmantarwa zuwa abubuwan ciki da na waje (Brand et al., 2011; Laier, Pawlikowski, Pekal, Schulte, & Brand, 2013). Bugu da kari, bincike ya nuna cewa sanya hankali game da matsalolin jima'i na iya faruwa ba tare da jima'i ba. Kagerer et al. (2014) zai iya nuna cewa mahalarta maza da mata ba su bambanta a lokuta masu yawa ba dangane da nuna sha'awarsu ga jima'i. Duk da haka, har yanzu ba a sani ba yadda yadda wani tunani mai ban sha'awa yake hulɗa da bayyanar cututtuka na IPD. Saboda ƙaddamar da ra'ayi na I-PACE (Brand et al., 2016) da kuma hujjoji na farko game da bayyanar sha'awar sha'awa ga jima'i a cikin mahalarta maza da mata (Kagerer et al., 2014), muna tsammanin:

• H1: Nuna hankali game da hotunan batsa suna haɗuwa da mafi girma daga cikin alamun bayyanar IPD.
• H2: Akwai dangantaka tsakanin kula da hankali da kuma alamomi don ƙaddara-haɓaka da kuma sha'awar.
• H3: Abota tsakanin kula da hankali da kuma bayyanar cututtuka na IPD shine mai zaman kanta daga jinsi.
• H4: Sakamakon kulawa da hankali game da bayyanar cututtuka na IPD an sanya shi ta hanyar zane-zane don nuna damuwa da haɓakawa.

results

Ƙididdigar dabi'u na duk masu canji an taƙaita a cikin Table 1. Mahalarta mahalarta sun nuna mahimmanci ga s-IATsex na 18.85 (SD = 6.22, zangon: 12-42), alhali mata mahalarta suna da maki 14.34 (SD = 4.35, zangon: 12-37). Dangane da ƙididdigar yankewa don Gwajin Intanet na gajeren Intanet (s-IAT, tambayoyin asali don alamun alamun rashin lafiyar amfani da Intanet) (Pawlikowski et al., 2013), wannan samfurin ya ƙunshi masu amfani mata biyu da masu amfani da lalata (2.2%) da kuma masu amfani da 'yan mata takwas (8.9%). A t-test ga samfurori masu zaman kansu ya nuna manyan bambance-bambance tsakanin maza da mata masu halartar game da bayyanar cututtuka na IPD (s-IATsex), kula da hankali (kiyaye da kuma overall), da kuma hotuna na hoto (tarin hankali da jima'i). Babu wata bambance-bambance da aka samo don masu nuna alamomi (buzari da buƙata don magance su) da kuma yanayin 200-ms na musamman (na farko AB) (Table 1). Haɗin kai tsakanin halayyar zuwa ga IPD, alamun nuna sha'awar jima'i da sha'awar jima'i, da kuma matakan da ake nunawa a hankali a cikin Table 2. Kamar yadda aka nuna, sakamakon yana nuna dangantaka tsakanin kulawa da hankali, alamun bayyanar IPD, da kuma alamomi don magancewa da haɓaka.

 

Table 1. t-Yaɗa ga samfurori masu zaman kansu kwatanta maza da mata masu halartar game da ma'auni don halayyar zuwa ga IPD, haɗakar jima'i, sha'awar sha'awa, da kuma sha'awar sha'awa

 

Table 2. Gudanar da matakan da za a yi game da abubuwan da ake nufi da su na IPD, da sha'awar hankali, da kuma alamun nuna sha'awar jima'i da sha'awar sha'awa.

An gudanar da nazarin gyaran gyare-gyaren gyare-gyaren gyare-gyaren gyare-gyaren gyare-gyaren gyare-gyaren gyare-gyaren gyare-gyaren gyare-gyaren gyare-gyaren gyare-gyaren gyare-gyare na biyu. Bugu da ƙari kuma, bayanan bincike na ƙarshe don ƙayyade ƙididdiga masu ƙarfin gaske da kuma ikon ƙarfin samfurin don nazarin ƙididdigar da aka ƙayyade ya ƙidaya. Kamar yadda yake dogara, an zaɓa "S-IATsex-craving", saboda an ɗauka cewa sha'awar hankali yana da tasiri a kan alamun da ake bukata da kuma cewa wannan asalin ya tantance ƙwararruwar ra'ayoyin da ake so musamman fiye da "s-IATsex" . Ƙungiyar mai sauƙin "jima'i" shi ne annabci da kuma "farko AB score" da aka yi amfani dashi azaman mai daidaitawa. A mataki na farko, ƙungiyar mai sauƙi "jima'i" ya nuna wata mahimmanci game da bambanci a cikin "s-IATsex-craving" mai dogara "na 9.9% (F = 18.970, p <.001). Dingara "ƙimar AB na farko" a mataki na biyu yana ƙaruwa sosai game da bambancin "s-IATsex-craving" (ΔR² = .020, ΔF = 3.968, p = .048). Babu wani muhimmin tasirin mu'amala da aka gani (ΔR² = .00, ΔF = 0.027, p = .871). Koyaya, samfurin sake dawowa ya kasance mai mahimmanci tare da cikakken bayanin bambancin 12% a cikin halayen zuwa IPD (R² = .120, F = 7.720, p <.001). Ana nuna ƙarin ƙimar lalacewa a cikin Tebur 3. Bayanin gyare-gyaren gyare-gyaren da aka yi da aka nuna yana nuna girman girman sakamako f² = 0.14 da mahimmancin ƙarfi na 0.83 (1 β r err prob) (Cohen, 1992). Ƙananan hanyoyi (Figure 3) na takaici wanda yake wakiltar "ƙananan AB" da "babban AB" ba su da bambanci da yawa daga siffar (t_lowinitialAB = 0.13, p = .895; t_highinitialA = 0.14, p = .886). A cikin nazarin rikice-rikicen da aka daidaita na biyu, an yi amfani da “kiyaye AB” azaman mai canzawa mai daidaitawa (maɓallin rukunin ƙungiya da mai dogaro iri ɗaya ne kamar na sama) Sakamakon haka, ƙungiya mai canzawa "jima'i" ya nuna mahimmancin tasirin da aka ambata akan halayen IPD (s-IATsex-craving) tare R² = .099 (F = 18.970, p <.001). AB da aka kiyaye a matsayin mai hangen nesa na biyu a cikin wannan samfurin ya nuna mahimman bayani game da bambancin tare da ΔR² = .034 (ΔF = 6.660, p = .011). Babu wani muhimmin tasirin mu'amala da aka samu (ΔR² = .002, ΔF = 0.356, p = .552). Ana nuna ƙarin ƙimar lalacewa a cikin Tebur 4. Bayanin gyare-gyaren gyare-gyaren da aka yi da aka nuna yana nuna girman girman sakamako f² = 0.16 da mahimmin ƙarfi na 0.89 (Cohen, 1992). Saboda haka, ƙwarewar da ƙarfin da ke nunawa ba zato ba tsammani ba mu yarda da yarda da hulɗar maras kyau ba. Ƙananan hanyoyi (Figure 4) na ragewa wakiltar "low kiyaye AB" da kuma "high kiyaye AB" ba su da muhimmanci daban-daban daga sifilin (t_low-kiyayeAB = 0.14, p = .893; t_{high-kiyayeAB} = 0.14, p = .892). Dukkanin raguwa da sauƙin nazarin gangarawa suna nuna cewa mutanen da ke da hankali sosai game da matsalolin jima'i suna ba da rahoton alamun bayyanar ƙaƙƙarfan sha'awar IPD. Sabili da haka, sakamakon yana nuna mahimmancin rawar nuna kulawa tsakanin maza da mata, saboda ƙididdigar biyun biyun suna da ingancin haɓakawa sama da ƙungiyar mai canza jinsin halitta kuma babu tasirin hulɗa tsakanin rukuni (namiji da mace) kuma an lura da son zuciya. 

 

Table 3. Na'urar gyaran gyare-gyare na farko da aka tsara tare da s-IATsex-craving a matsayin mai dogara mai dogara

Table 4. Na'urar gyaran gyare-gyare na biyu da s-IATsex-craving a matsayin mai dogara

   

Hoto 3. Saurin haɗari don nazarin gyaran gyare-gyare na farko da aka yi da s-IATsex-craving a matsayin mai dogara mai dogara, ƙaddamarwa ta farko da aka tsara tare da s-IATsex-craving a matsayin mai dogara mai dogara, jima'i azaman mai zaman kanta, da kuma AB na matsayin mai gudanarwa. Ba a sami hulɗa ba kuma saurin sauƙi bai bambanta ba daga sifilin

 

 

Hoto 4. Saurin haɓaka don nazarin gyaran gyare-gyare na biyu da aka yi amfani da shi tare da s-IATsex-craving a matsayin mai dogara mai dogara, ƙaddamarwa ta farko da aka tsara tare da s-IATsex-craving a matsayin mai dogara mai dogara, jima'i a matsayin mai zaman kanta, kuma ya kula AB a matsayin mai gudanarwa. Ba a sami hulɗa ba kuma saurin sauƙi bai bambanta ba daga sifilin

Domin tsarin sulhu, an yi amfani da matakan juyayi mai saurin jima'i na t2, da kuma buƙatar ta tanada t2 tun lokacin da aka kammala karatun digiri na matakan biyu ba tare da haɗakar da alamar bayyanar cututtuka ba saboda wani IPD da kuma kula da hankali. Maimaita shi ne cewa mutanen da suka fi girma alama suna da sha'awar ci gaba kafin kallon hotunan batsa. Saboda haka, karuwar haɗuwa da jima'i yana da ƙananan, amma harkar jima'i ya kasance mafi girma ga ma'auni na t2 a cikin mutane da dabi'un zuwa IPD. Tsarin tsari na tsari wanda aka tsara a kan matakin latent tare da bayyanar IPD (s-IATsex) a matsayin tsayayyar dogara yana nuna kyakkyawar dacewa tare da bayanan. RMSEA shine 0.067 (p = .279), CFI ya kasance 0.985, TLI ya kasance 0.962, kuma SRMR ya kasance 0.028. A χ² gwaji bai da muhimmanci tare da 10.72 (p = .097) da χ²/df 1.79 ne. A ƙarshe, samfurin da aka tsara ya bayyana 24.1% na bambancin dake cikin bayyanar IPD (R² = .241, p = .015). An nuna samfurin sulhu na ɓoye tare da β nauyi a cikin Hoto 5. Matsayi mai latsa "tsinkaya" wanda aka tsara ta farko da AB kuma ya ci gaba da AB yana da tasiri a kan alamun IPD, wanda aka samo asali (s-IATsex-control da s-IATsex-craving) na s-IATsex ( β = .310, SE = 0.154, p = .044). Bugu da ƙari kuma, nuna bambanci a hankali ya nuna tasiri kai tsaye a kan ɓarna mai ɓarnawa '' haɓaka-amsawa da sha'awar, '' wanda sha'awar jima'i da kuma buƙatar yin lalata bayan kallon hotunan batsa (β = .297, SE = 0.145, p = .041). Bugu da ƙari, akwai tasiri kai tsaye daga sakewa da rashi akan alamun bayyanar IPD (β = .299, SE = 0.093, p <.001). Gabaɗaya, nuna bambanci na hankali ya nuna tasiri kai tsaye akan alamun IPD (β = .089, SE = 0.045, p = .047) yana nuna matsakaiciyar sulhu a kan alamomi don sakewa da sakewa da sha'awar.

   

Hoto 5. Tsarin tsari na tsari wanda aka tsara game da matakin latent tare da IPD bayyanar cututtuka kamar yadda yake dogara da ƙimar. An sami sakamako masu tsattsauran ra'ayi wanda ya nuna alamar matsakaici daga kulawa da hankali game da masu nuna alamun maganin haɓakawa da kuma nuna damuwa akan rashin bayyanar cututtuka na IPD

tattaunawa

A matsayin babban dalilin binciken, mun sami dangantaka tsakanin ra'ayi da hankali game da matsalolin jima'i da bayyanar cututtuka na IPD a cikin samfurin maza da mata. Bugu da ƙari, dangantakar da ke tsakanin kulawa da hankali da kuma bayyanar cututtuka na IPD sun kasance masu jarrabawa ta hanyar alamun nuna juyayi da sha'awa. Sakamakon ya nuna bambanci tsakanin maza da mata game da tsinkayyar ra'ayi ga yanayin da kuma kiyayewa, amma ba a yanayin farko ba a cikin Tashoshin Nemo Kayayyakin. Duk da haka, nazarin rikice-rikice na iya nuna cewa jima'i da kulawa da hankali a lokuta biyu sunyi tsammanin ra'ayoyinsu zuwa ga IPD, hulɗar duka biyu ba ta kara ƙarin bayani game da bambancin ra'ayi kan IPD. Wannan sakamakon ya nuna cewa sha'awar hankali yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bayyanar cututtuka ta IPD kuma yana ganin zai faru ne da kansa daga jinsi.

Sakamakon yayi daidai da tsarin I-PACE wanda Brand et al suka gabatar. (2016), wanda ya jaddada muhimmancin rawar da ke tattare da ƙwarewar da ke tattare da ci gaba da kuma kiyaye maganganun amfani da Intanet ciki har da IPD. An yi la'akari da ra'ayoyin da ake ciki a sakamakon sakamakon hulɗar tsakanin masu nuna alama ga zubar da jima'i da ƙayyadaddun ƙaddarar, misali, babban halayen jima'i da aka haifar da jima'i da kuma jin dadi yayin amfani da batsa na Intanit. Zamu iya nuna cewa zane-zane na jima'i saboda gabatar da batutuwa masu mahimmanci da kuma jima'i da kuma bukatan da za su dasu da ita bayan haka an danganta su da alamomi na nuna sha'awar kai tsaye kuma a wani bangare sunyi tasiri game da sakamakon kula da hankali na IPD. Sabili da haka, sakamakon yana goyan bayan ra'ayoyin ra'ayoyi game da haɓakar da ke tattare da jita-jita da kuma dacewa da nazarin magance rikici da haɓakawa a cikin rashin amfani da amfani (Filin & Cox, 2008; Field, Mogg, & Bradley, 2005; Robbins & Ehrman, 2004). Ƙididdigar ƙwarewa da ƙwarewa, alal misali, ƙyamar kulawa, suna haifar da kai tsaye daga mayar da martani a cikin ladabi mai kyau kuma an ƙarfafa su ta hanyar ƙwarewar da aka samu. Ana iya nuna wannan sakamako na tsinkaye na hankali game da hankalin zuwa ga IPD a wannan binciken. Ana ganin irin wannan sakamakon ga mazaunin mazaunin maza, wadanda suka yi hanzari kan abubuwan da suka shafi jima'i fiye da tsayayye idan aka kwatanta da mutanen lafiya (Mechelmans et al., 2014).

Mun sami sha'awar mafi girma a cikin maza namiji don yanayin kiyayewa da kuma duk AB idan aka kwatanta da mata, amma ba haka ba don na farko AB. Wadannan sakamakon sun saba wa wasu nazarin, wanda ba zai iya nuna bambancin jinsi ba (Kagerer et al., 2014; Yi amfani, Janssen, & Hetrick, 2008). Ana iya bayyana wannan ta hanyar zaɓin abubuwan motsawa a cikin wannan binciken, kamar yadda hotunan batsa da aka yi amfani da su don Proaukar Bincike na Kayayyaki na iya samun kyakkyawar ɗabi'a mai kyau ga namiji fiye da ɗaiɗaikun mata don haka su ɗauki hankali sosai ga masu amfani da maza. Hotunan da Kagerer et al suka gabatar a cikin binciken. (2014) sun kasance haɗuwa da matsalolin da ke nuna matsala- da kuma tausayi mai laushi kuma an zaɓi su a baya daga wani mai binciken mata da namiji. An yi amfani da wannan hanya don tabbatar da hotunan hoto da aka tsara don jima'i. Wannan zato yana da goyan bayan bambance-bambancen jima'i a cikin wannan binciken game da basira da kuma jima'i da aka kwatanta da hotuna masu hotunan da ake amfani dashi don yin sha'awar da kuma mafi yawan batsa da maza suke yi. Bugu da ƙari kuma, namiji da mata sun nuna amfani daban-daban na abubuwan da ke cikin Intanet da jima'i a gaba ɗaya. Duk da yake masu amfani da namiji sun fi son abin da ke cikin asali, kamar batsa, masu amfani da mata suna nema don aikace-aikace masu mahimmanci, kamar su hira ko jima'i ta hanyar kyamaran yanar gizon (Shaughnessy et al., 2011). Saboda haka, mahalarta mahalarta zasu iya janyo hankulan su da batutuwa masu ban sha'awa idan aka kwatanta da mata, mai yiwuwa saboda sakamakon tafiyarwa.

Game da farfadowar bayyanar cututtuka na matsala ko ma amfani da labarun bidiyo na Intanet, mahalarta jima'i ya kasance mai mahimmanci mai hangen nesa. Wannan sakamakon zai iya zama akasin yawan bincike da yawa wanda ya nuna cewa masu amfani da mata suna yiwuwa su shawo kan batsa (Daneback, Ross, & Månsson, 2006; Green et al., 2012; Laier et al., 2014), ko da sun fi son ƙarin aikace-aikacen hulda na al'ada. Kodayake, yawancin yawan samfurori a cikin samfurin namiji an san su sun fi girma a cikin samfurori mata (Ross, Månsson, & Daneback, 2012), kamar yadda masu amfani da maza ke amfani da batsa na Intanit akai-akai. Hanyoyin adadin yawa a cikin wannan samfurin, ko da yake ba wakilci ba ne, sun kasance daidai da wasu nazarin tare da masu amfani da 2.2% matsala da masu amfani da marasa lafiya da kuma masu amfani da 8.9% da kuma masu amfani da pathological (bisa la'akari da kashi-kashi na s-IAT; Pawlikowski et al., 2013).

Hanyar kulawa da hankali game da abubuwan da aka kwatanta da jima'i zuwa ga IPD. Wannan tasiri na ƙwarewa a kan al'amuran addictive yana goyan bayan sakamakon daga nazarin da yawa a cikin yanayin maganin amfani da kayan abu (don dubawa, gani Filin et al., 2014) da kuma haɓaka hali (Mechelmans et al., 2014). Duk da haka, ba a samu dangantaka da mahalarta jima'i ba da sha'awar hankali game da dabi'un IPD. A bayyane yake, dangantakar dake tsakanin bayyanar IPD da kuma kulawa da labarun jima'i shine mai zaman kanta daga jima'i jima'i, ko da yake maza sun yi la'akari da labarun batutuwa kamar yadda ya fi dacewa fiye da masu halartar mata. Wata bayani yana iya zama tsarin tsarin da aka tsara don yin la'akari da hanyoyi, wanda yana da muhimmancin rayuwa da kuma ladabi ga masu kallo, irin su matsalolin jima'i (LeDoux, 1996; Rolls, 2000). Wannan ƙarin ra'ayi na musamman da ke da alaƙa da sakamakon ba da magani ba, an kuma kira shi a hankali a cikin wallafe-wallafe (Anderson, 2016), na iya bayyana ƙananan tasirin tasirin tasirin. Hotunan jima'i na iya haɗuwa da lada da ƙwayoyi da lada kuma sabili da haka suna faruwa a cikin samfurin marasa magani na maza da mata. Koyaya, dole ne a lura cewa zaɓin abubuwan motsawa bai dace da duka mata da maza ba, amma dai ya dace da fifikon mai amfani da namiji. Kagerer et al. (2014) yayi jayayya cewa hankalin mata ga labarun jima'i yana tsangwama lokacin da suka fuskanci irin jima'i da aka samu a cikin binciken da Schimmack (2005). Game da halin da ake ciki ga IPD, wadannan matsalolin jima'i sun kasance masu muhimmanci ga mata. Ana iya ɗauka cewa abin da ake tsammani da kuma dandanawa na batsa na Intanit yana ƙarfafa jin daɗin haɗarin abin da ya shafi jaraba, amma, sakamakon haka, ana iya ƙarfafa wulakancin ra'ayoyin da ke tattare da batsa a cikin abubuwan da ke faruwa a yanar gizo game da batsa ta hanyar jima'i. .

Akwai wasu iyakoki a cikin wannan binciken. Mun bincika tsinkaye tare da dacewa ta asibiti ta hanyar gudanar da bincike tare da samfurin marasa asibiti. Sabili da haka, ya zama dole don magance tasirin son zuciya game da alamun IPD tare da samfurin asibiti a cikin karatun gaba. Bugu da ƙari, zaɓin abubuwan jima'i da aka yi amfani da su a cikin Taskar Bincike na Kayayyakin yana buƙatar daidaitawa ga mata masu halartar kuma a gwada su a gaba don tabbatar da cewa ba masu tsoma baki ba ne ke sa hankalin mata ba, kamar su jima'i da jima'i. Bugu da ƙari, zaɓin hotunan tsaka tsaki azaman yankewa daga kayan batsa bazai zama mafi dacewa ba. Koyaya, mun kirkiro waɗannan hotunan tsaka-tsaki dangane da kamantawa a launi da tsananin launi ba tare da nuna wata ma'amala ta jima'i ta jikin mutum ba. Don haka, fuskantarwa da hankali kan alamun jima'i na iya ƙaruwa don samfuran duka ba wai kawai ga mutanen da ke nuna sha'awar IPD ba. An gudanar da zaɓi na waɗannan abubuwan yanke don samun launuka iri ɗaya a cikin hotunan, kasancewar an san cewa sanannen launi na motsa jiki na iya yin tasiri kan hankali. Karatu na gaba yakamata su ba da cikakken iko idan aka kwatanta da alamun jima'i. Bugu da ƙari kuma, don magance tasirin nuna son kai a cikin dalla-dalla, ya kamata a faɗaɗa tsarin binciken gani don auna lokutan amsawa a kan tsaka-tsakin ra'ayi yayin haɗa jima'i da lamuran tsaka-tsakin idan aka kwatanta da lokutan amsawa a kan tsaka-tsaki a cikin yanayin tsaka tsaki / tsaka tsaki , kamar yadda aka gudanar a cikin binciken ta Kagerer et al. (2014). Wannan yanayin zai taimaka wajen ganewa, idan mutane sukan damu da kuma jinkirta a lokuta ta hanyar jima'i. A ƙarshe, dole ne a ba da labarin cewa an gudanar da hotunan hotunan hotunan kafin aikin Taswirar Kayayyakin Abubuwan Hulɗa wanda ke haifar da wani tsinkaye a lokacin lokutan da ke cikin yanayin.

JS, RS, MB, da JP sun tsara wannan binciken. Rukunin bayanan data da JS da JP suka yi. MB, CL, da JP sun gudanar da bincike na lissafi kuma sun fassara sakamakon. JP ya rubuta rubutun farko da na karshe na rubutun. MB na duba fassarar bayanai da rubutu na rubutun. Duk marubuta sun ba da gudummawa kuma sun amince da ƙarshen rubutun.

Mawallafa sun bayyana cewa babu wani abun da ya dace.

References