J Behav shan tabarba. 2018 Oct 31: 1-7. Doi: 10.1556 / 2006.7.2018.101.
Shimoni L1, Dayan M1, Cohen K1, Weinstein A1.
Abstract
BACKGROUND DA Bukatun:
Maganin jima'i yana nuna halin haɗari a cikin Intanet. Mun yi bincike akan gudunmawar abubuwan da ke cikin manyan abubuwa biyar da jinsin jinsi da jima'i.
MUTANE:
An tattara duka mahalarta 267 (maza 186 da mata 81) daga shafukan yanar gizo waɗanda ake amfani dasu don neman abokan jima'i. Matsakaicin shekarun mahalarta shekaru 31 (SD = 9.8). Sun cika cikin Gwajin Gwajin Jima'i na Jima'i (SAST), Babban Fihirisa Biyar, da kuma tambayoyin jama'a.
Sakamakon:
Maza sun nuna yawan jima'i na jima'i fiye da mata (Cohen's d = 0.40), sun kasance a buɗe don abubuwan da suka faru (Cohen's d = 0.42), kuma sun kasance ba su da ƙarfi fiye da mata (Cohen's d = 0.67). Abubuwan halayen mutum sun ba da gudummawa sosai ga bambancin jarabar jima'i [F (5, 261) = 6.91, p <.001, R2 = .11]. Buɗe don kwarewa (β = 0.18) da neuroticism (β = 0.15) suna da alaƙa mai kyau tare da ƙimar SAST, yayin da hankali (β = -0.21) yana da alaƙa mara kyau tare da SAST maki, kuma halayen mutum sun bayyana 11.7% na bambancin. Wani samfurin daidaitaccen yanayin tasirin jinsi da halayen mutum game da jarabar jima'i ya bayyana kashi 19.6% na bambancin kuma ya nuna cewa hankali yana da alaƙa mara kyau tare da ƙimar SAST. Babban haɗin jijiyoyin jiki yana haɗuwa da mafi girma na SAST a cikin maza amma ba cikin mata ba.
DISCUSSION DA ƘARUWA:
Wannan binciken ya tabbatar da yawan jima'i na jima'i tsakanin maza idan aka kwatanta da mata. Hannoyin da suka hada da jinsi sun taimaka wa 19.6% na bambancin ra'ayi na jima'i. Daga cikin mutane, neuroticism da aka hade tare da mafi girma karfin don jima'i buri.
KEYWORDS: Shafin Farko; halayen jima'i; hali; jima'i jima'i; bambancin jinsi
PMID: 30378460
Gabatarwa
Jima'i jima'i, wanda aka sani da halin jima'i mai haɗari, yana haɓaka da halayen jima'i da kuma kokarin da ba a yi nasara ba wajen sarrafa halayen jima'i. Yana da dabi'un dabi'a wanda ke da tasiri, haɓaka,Karila et al., 2014; Weinstein, Zolek, Babkin, Cohen, & Lejoyeux, 2015). Yawancin karatu sunyi nazarin ilimin ilimin jima'i da kuma taimakon abubuwan da ke baya, irin su nau'in hali da jinsi zuwa ga cigaba da jima'i da jima'i (Dhuffar & Griffiths, 2014; Lewczuk, Szmyd, Skorko, & Gola, 2017). Mafi yawan binciken da ake yi akan jaraba da jima'i yana dogara ne akan samfurin maza maimakon mata (Karila et al., 2014).
Akwai rashin daidaito dangane da ma'anar jima'i da jima'i. Goodman (1993) bayyana jarabar jima'i a matsayin rashin gazawar jayayya ga jima'i. Akalla daya daga cikin biyo baya shine hali na irin wannan hali: yin aiki na yau da kullum tare da jima'i da aka fi son su zuwa sauran ayyukan, rashin kwanciyar hankali lokacin da ba zai iya yin jima'i da haƙuri ga wannan hali ba. Mick da Hollander (2006) jaraba da jima'i a matsayin halayen halayya mai mahimmanci da halayya, yayin da Kafka (2010) jaraba da jima'i kamar haɗuwar jima'i, wanda shine halayyar jima'i a sama da matsakaici wanda ke nuna rashin cin nasara akan halayyar jima'i, duk da matsanancin sakamako da zamantakewa. Saboda la'akari da ma'anar jima'i da jima'i, daya daga cikin kalubale shine sanin abin da ya shafi jaraba da jima'i. Buga na biyar na Dattijai da Bayanan Lissafi na Yanayin Mental (DSM-5) tana amfani da kalma ta liwadi kamar yadda alama ce (Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Amurka, 2013), amma wannan lokacin yana da matsala saboda yawancin marasa lafiya ba su jin cewa ayyukansu ko matsalolin jima'i sun fi girma; Bugu da ƙari, DSM-5 ba ta amfani da kalmar aurentaka ba a matsayin rashin hankali. Na biyu, wannan lokacin yana yaudarar tun lokacin jima'i jima'i yana haifar da jima'i ko motsawa kuma ba na sha'awar jima'i ba kuma a karshe jima'i jima'i zai iya bayyana a hanyoyi daban-daban waɗanda ba dole ba ne su dace da wannan fassarar (Hall, 2011). Bisa ga ICD-11 (Kungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya, 2018), halayyar halayyar jima'i mai haɗaka ta halin da ake ciki yana nuna rashin tabbas ga rashin cin nasara akan mummunan halayen jima'i da ke haifar da halayyar jima'i. Saboda haka, alamun wannan cuta sun haɗa da ayyukan jima'i na yau da kullum da ke haifar da mummunar matsala ta tunanin mutum da kuma cutar da lafiyar jiki da tunanin mutum, duk da kokarin da ba zai yi ba don rage wannan jima'i da halayen jima'i.
Mutane da yawa tare da jaraba da jima'i suna amfani da nau'ikan nau'in halayen jima'i ciki har da yin amfani da batsa masu yawa, ɗakunan hira, da kuma yanar-gizon Intanet (Rosenberg, Carnes, & O'Connor, 2014; Weinstein, Zolek, et al., 2015). Jarabar jima'i halayyar dabi'a ce ta halayya da halayyar halayya,Fattore, Melis, Fadda, & Fratta, 2014). Abinda ya tilasta ya hada da neman sababbin abokiyar aure, matsanancin jima'i na jima'i, damuwar da ake amfani da su, yin amfani da batsa ta yau da kullum, jima'i ba tare da karewa ba, rashin ingancin kai, da kuma amfani da kwayoyi. Halin da ya shafi tunanin mutum ya hada da tunani mai ban tsoro game da jima'i, jinin laifi, da bukatar kauce wa tunani mai ban sha'awa, rashin zaman kai, girman kai, kunya, da kuma ɓoye game da jima'i, jaddada game da ci gaba da yin jima'i, zaɓi ga jima'i ba tare da jimawa ba. na kula da abubuwa da yawa na rayuwa (Weinstein, Zolek, et al., 2015).
Daruruwan ra'ayoyin suna bayanin jaraba da jima'i. Ɗaya daga cikin su shine ka'idar da aka ƙaddamar da shi wanda ke jayayya cewa mutane da ke da damuwa ko haɗin kai suna jin tsoro da yin amfani da jima'i ko jima'i a matsayin maye gurbin zumunta (Zapf, Greiner, & Carroll, 2008). Binciken da aka yi a kwanan nan ya nuna wata ƙungiya tsakanin jima'i da jima'i da kuma abin da ke kangewa (Weinstein, Katz Eberhardt, Cohen, & Lejoyeux, 2015). Samun damar, abin da aka makala,Hall, 2013) yana fadada samfurin abin ƙira da ya ƙunshi abubuwa huɗu - damar, abin da aka makala, damuwa, da haɗuwa da abin da aka makala da cuta. A cikin jima'i, akwai hakikanin dama na yin jima'i ko jarabawa, irin su batsa da jima'i akan yanar-gizon, wanda zai iya janyo hanzari don jin dadin jima'i. Abu na biyu, abubuwan da suka faru na farkon sune tushen tushen jima'i. Na uku, damuwa na iya haifar da kansa don jima'i ko jima'i tare da haɗin kai mara tsaro (Hall, 2013). A ƙarshe, akwai samfurin BERSC wanda ke nazarin nazarin halittu, da tunanin mutum, addini, zamantakewa, da kuma al'adu akan tasirin jima'i (Hall, 2014).
Akwai bambancin jinsi a cikin halayen jima'i kuma waɗannan sun danganta da bambance-bambance a cikin jima'i maza da mata amma har ma a cikin abubuwan da ke cikin tunani da tunani na halayen jima'i (Fattore et al., 2014). Ana jaddada cewa, a cikin mata, jaraba da jima'i yana da alaƙa da abubuwan da suka faru na farko da suka faru da kuma abin da tsammanin tsammanin wani dangantaka zai iya haifar da halayen halayen jima'i (Fattore et al., 2014). Lewczuk et al. (2017) ya sami daidaituwa tsakanin damuwa da damuwa da matsala masu amfani da batsa tsakanin mata. Mata sukan haɗu da halayen jima'i tare da buƙatar haɗi da dangantaka (McKeague, 2014) kuma don haka za su yi amfani da gaskiyar abin da ke ciki da kuma cybersex don haɗuwa da abokiyar aure (Weinstein, Zolek, et al., 2015). Dhuffar da Griffiths (2014) ya nuna cewa kunya da addinan addinai ba su hango halin halayyar jima'i a cikin mata ba. A wani ɓangare kuma, maza suna kokarin magance mummunan halin da ke ciki tare da halayyar jima'i (Bancroft & Vukadinovic, 2004), kuma sun nuna yawan karfin da ake so don batsa da kuma yin amfani da yanar-gizo fiye da mata (Weinstein, Zolek, et al., 2015).
Nazarin da ya gabata ya gano muhimman abubuwa biyar masu muhimmanci: haɓakawa, neuroticism, yarda, kwarewa, da budewa (McCrae & John, 1992) kuma waɗannan na iya nuna alaƙa da jarabar jima'i. A cewar Schmitt et al. (2004), mutane da yawa waɗanda aka karbe su suna da jima'i a lokacin da suka tsufa, da yawa masu yin jima'i, nau'i na jima'i, da kuma haɗari da rashin kulawa da jima'i idan aka kwatanta da mutanen da aka gabatar. Neuroticism an hade da ra'ayoyi masu sassaucin ra'ayi game da jima'i, rashin jima'i, matsala a cikin motsa jiki da kuma mummunan motsin rai, irin su tashin hankali, damuwa, da fushi. Mutanen da ke da karuwanci da kwarewa yawanci suna jin dadin rashin jima'i, sassaucin ra'ayi da jima'i, da kuma halayen haɗari masu haɗari idan aka kwatanta da wadanda ke da karfin hali da kuma kwarewa. A ƙarshe, mutanen da ke da ƙananan hanyoyi suna da haɓaka da halayen halayen halayen halayya, irin su kafirci da halayyar zinare (Schmitt, 2004). Reid da Masassaƙi (2009) bincika bayanin mutum na maza na marasa lafiya na maza (n = 152) idan aka kwatanta da rukunin sarrafawa ta amfani da Inventory na Multiabi'ar Multiabi'ar Personabi'ar Minnesota-2 (MMPI-2). Abubuwan da suka gano sun nuna cewa samfurin luwadi yana da alamun cututtuka na asibiti, rashin daidaituwa tsakanin mutane, da damuwa na hankali gaba ɗaya fiye da samfurin al'ada; har yanzu, sun kasa bayar da rahoton babban bayanan martaba game da rukunin jarabar jima'i. Furtherarin bincike na Egan da Parmar (2013) ya ruwaito cewa daga cikin maza da yawa daga yawancin mutanen da ke da raguwa da karuwa, karimci, da ƙwarewa, da kuma ƙananan ƙididdiga a cikin neuroticism an haɗa su tare da ƙididdiga mafi yawa akan Testing Screening Test (SAST). Bugu da ƙari, jita-jita ta intanit ya haɗu da mafi yawan cututtuka masu tasowa da kuma yawan amfani da hotuna na bidiyo. Abin sha'awa, binciken da aka yi a kwanan nan ya nuna cewa amfani da batsa na bidiyo da halayyar jima'i an haɗu da damuwa na tunanin mutum fiye da wasu abubuwan ciki har da halaye na hali (Grubbs, Volk, Exline, & Pargament, 2015). Rettenberger, Klein, da kuma Briken (2016) sun nuna a cikin wani binciken da aka yi a baya-bayan nan cewa jinsi da halaye irin na mutane masu hangen nesa ne na halayyar luwadi; a gefe guda, an sami amsawar mutum game da sha'awar jima'i don zama masu hangen nesa masu haɗarin jima'i. A ƙarshe, Bőthe, Tóth-Király, et al. (2018) sun samu a cikin binciken da aka yi a kwanan nan tare da babban samfurin girman cewa impulsivity da compulsivity yana da wata hujja ta yin amfani da yin amfani da batsa da kuma karfafa kyakkyawar dangantaka da haɗuwar mace a maza da mata.
Dangane da wallafe-wallafe game da dangantaka tsakanin mutum da jima'i, manufar wannan binciken shine bincika ƙungiyoyi tsakanin dabi'un mutum da jinsi da jima'i tsakanin maza da mata. Mun ɗauka cewa neuroticism zai kasance da alaka da jima'i da jima'i (Schmitt et al., 2004), da kuma cewa kwarewa da yarda da ita za a haɗu da haɗari da jima'i da jima'i (Schmitt et al., 2004). A ƙarshe, mun yi tunanin cewa akwai bambancin jinsi tsakanin ƙungiyoyi tsakanin dabi'un mutum da kuma jima'i da jima'i (Reid & Masassaƙa, 2009).
Hanyar
Wanda su ka Halarta
Akwai masu halartar 267 a cikin binciken, mutanen 186 da 81 mata da shekarun 30 da 2 shekarun (SD = 9.8) da kuma shekarun shekaru 18-68, inda dukkansu 'yan asalin ƙasar Isra'ila ne. Yawancin mahalarta ba su da aure (46.8%), 21.7% sun yi aure, 19.1% suna cikin dangantaka mara aure, an raba 1.5%, kuma 10.9% sun rabu ko an sake su. Bayanan ilimin na mahalarta sun haɗa da 2.2% tare da ilimin firamare, 30.7% tare da ilimin sakandare, da 67% tare da ilimin ilimi mafi girma ko nazarin takaddun daidai. Bayanin aikin ya haɗa da 46.4% cikakken aiki, 33.7% tare da aiki na ɗan lokaci, da 19.9% marasa aikin yi. Yawancin mahalarta sun rayu a cikin birni (81.6%), sauran mahalarta sun rayu a cikin al'ummomin haɗin gwiwa ko ƙauyuka. Mafi yawan mahalarta yahudawa ne (93.6%), Musulmai 1.1%, Krista 1.1%, da kuma 4.1% wasu (Tebur 1).
|
Table 1. Yanayin halin mutum
| Men | Women | Muhimmanci (p) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N | 186 (69.7) | 81 (30.3) | |
| Shekaru [yana nufin (SD)] | 25.23 | 32.34 | <.01a |
| matsayin aure | <.01b | ||
| single | 86 (32.2) | 39 (14.6) | |
| A cikin dangantaka | 20 (7.5) | 31 (11.6) | |
| aure | 48 (18.0) | 10 (3.7) | |
| Raba shi ko kashe shi | 32 (12.0) | 1 (0.4) | |
| Ilimi | nsb | ||
| Ilimin firamare | 5 (1.9) | 1 (0.4) | |
| Ilimin sakandare | 58 (21.7) | 24 (9.0) | |
| Higher ilimi | 123 (46.1) | 56 (21.0) | |
| Yanayi na sana'a | <.01b | ||
| rashin aikin yi | 32 (12.0) | 21 (7.9) | |
| Aiki na lokaci-lokaci | 50 (18.7) | 40 (15.0) | |
| Aiki na cikakken lokaci | 104 (39.0) | 20 (7.5) | |
| Wurin rai | nsb | ||
| City | 153 (57.3) | 65 (24.3) | |
| Perativeungiyoyin haɗin kai ko ƙauye | 33 (12.4) | 16 (6.0) | |
| Addini | |||
| Yahudawa | 176 (65.9) | 74 (27.7) | nsb |
| Musulmi | 2 (0.7) | 1 (0.4) | |
| Kiristoci | 2 (0.7) | 1 (0.4) | |
| wasu | 6 (2.2) | 5 (1.9) |
Lura. SD: Bambancin daidaituwa; Damalai: kashi-kashi cikin jimlar samfurin; shekaru: ya ruwaito cikin shekaru; Ilimi: makarantar sakandaren har zuwa shekaru 8 na karatu, makarantar sakandare tana nufin zuwa shekaru 12 na binciken, kuma ilimi mafi girma yana nufin an sami digiri na ilimi; ns: ba bambanci ba.
aMa'anar zaman kanta t-test. bMa'anar Pearson ta χ2 gwajin.
Tambayar rahoton kai tsaye ta alƙaluma ta ƙunshi abubuwa game da shekaru, jinsi, ilimi, matsayi na aiki, matsayin aure, nau'in rayuwa, da kuma addini.
SAST (Carnes & O'Hara, 1991) yana da abubuwa 25 waɗanda suke auna jarabar jima'i. Abubuwan da ke kan SAST suna da banƙyama tare da amincewa da abu wanda ya haifar da ƙaruwa da 1 cikin jimlar jimla. Sakamakon da ke sama da 6 yana nuna halayyar luwadi, kuma jimlar jimlar 13 ko fiye a kan sakamakon SAST a cikin kashi 95% na gaskiya na ƙimar jima'i (watau, kashi 5% ko ƙasa da dama na kuskuren gano mutum azaman mai shan jima'i; Carnes & O'Hara, 1991). Tsarin SAST a cikin wannan binciken ya yarda (Cronbach's α shi ne .75). Harshen Ibrananci na wannan tambayoyin ya samo asali ne daga Zlot, Goldstein, Cohen, da Weinstein (2018) inda ya ke da Cronbach ta α na .80.
BFI (McCrae & John, 1992) ya ƙunshi abubuwa na 44 wadanda suka auna dabi'un halaye bisa ga samfurin Big Five (John, Donahue, & Kentle, 1991). Abubuwan da aka samo asali a kan ma'auni na 5, wanda ya fito daga 1 "karfi da saba"Zuwa 5"karfi da yarda. "Kowace abu yana wakiltar siffofin da ke ƙayyade kowane ɗayan manyan ƙananan yankuna: haɓakawa, neuroticism, yarda, kwarewa, da kuma budewa don kwarewa. A cikin wannan binciken, Cronbach ta α ya kasance tsakanin .69 da .82.
An yi tallan tambayoyin a kan layi a cikin hanyoyin sadarwar zamantakewar da aka sadaukar domin saduwa da kuma samun abokan hulɗar jima'i. Masu shiga sun amsa tambayoyi a kan layi ta Intanet. An sanar da masu halartar binciken cewa binciken ya bincika jima'i da jima'i da kuma cewa tambayoyin za su kasance ba tare da suna ba don binciken bincike.
An yi nazari akan sakamakon da aka yi a kan Pajallar Bayar da Bayanai na Kimiyya ta Social v.21 (SPSS, IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Don gano bambance-bambance a cikin al'amuran mutane tsakanin maza da mata, bayanai da aka danganta game da matsayin aure, ilimi, matsayi, wurin rayuwa, da addini sunyi nazari ta amfani da pearson χ2 gwajin, da kuma shekarun haihuwa da jima'i da ra'ayi da kuma halin mutum tsakanin maza da mata an ƙaddara ta hanyar amfani da kai tsaye t-dests; An ƙididdige adadin sakamako ta amfani da Cohen's d. An gwada gwajin gwaje-gwajen sau ɗaya tsakanin binciken masu ɗakuwawa ta yin amfani da gwajin hulɗa na Pearson. Don kiyasta gudummawar hali da jinsi ga yawan jima'i na jima'i, jigilar jigilar jima'i na farko da jinsi, da kuma dabi'ar mutum kamar yadda masu tsinkaye na jima'i sun riga sun kasance sunadarai kuma anyi nazari akan jinsi da halin mutum da kuma jaraba da jima'i ta hanyar amfani da PROCESS Macro don SPSS (Hayes, 2015).
Wannan binciken ya yarda da shi daga hukumar kula da ma'aikata (IRB, Helsinki kwamitin) na Jami'ar Ariel. Duk mahalarta sun sanya takardar shaidar izini.
results
Yawanci game da tambayoyin jaraba da jima'i ya nuna cewa mahalarta 120 (95 maza da 25 mata) an lasafta su a matsayin jima'i da jima'i da kuma 147 a matsayin masu jima'i, bin bin ka'idodi da Carnes da O'Hara suka tsara (1991) (SAST score> 6). Ofididdigar abubuwan halayen mutum yana sama da ma'ana (> 3) sai dai neuroticism, wanda ya kasance ƙasa (yana nufin = 2.58). Rarraba ƙididdiga akan tambayoyin ya kasance mai kama da juna (SD = 0.57). Kwatanta jarabar jima'i tsakanin maza da mata ya nuna cewa maza suna da ƙimar girma (ma'ana = 6.61, SD = 3.75) fiye da mata (ma'ana = 4.61, SD = 3.52) [dat(1,265) = 4.07, p <.001)], tare da girman tasirin matsakaici (Cohen's d = 0.40). Bugu da kari, kwatankwacin abubuwan halayya tsakanin maza da mata ya nuna cewa maza sun fi budewa ga gogewa (yana nufin = 3.68, SD = 0.51) fiye da mata (ma'ana = 3.44, SD = 0.63) [t(1,265) = 2.95, p <.001, na Cohen's d = 0.42], kuma sun kasance basu da ƙarfi (ma'ana = 2.44, SD = 0.67) fiye da mata (ma'ana = 2.91, SD = 0.74) [t(1,265) = 5.06, p <.01, na Cohen's d = 0.67].
Wani gwajin gyaran farko na Pearson ya nuna nuna rashin daidaituwa a tsakanin yarda, da haɗin kai da jima'i tare da jima'i, da kuma haɗakar da juna tsakanin neuroticism da jima'i (Table 2). Wani karin bincike na sharudda ya nuna cewa halin mutum ya taimaka wajen bambancin jima'i da jima'i [F(5, 261) = 6.91, p <.001, R2 = .11]. Rashin hankali ya ba da gudummawa ga tasirin jarabar jima'i. A wani ɓangaren kuma, buɗewa don kwarewa da neuroticism ya ba da gudummawa ga yawancin jarabar jima'i. Amincewa bai ba da gudummawa sosai ga ƙimar jima'i da jima'i ba kuma ƙari ba (Tebur 3). Wannan samfurin bai nuna nau'in multicollinearity ba a matsayin factor inflation factor wanda ya daidaita a tsakanin 1.27 da 1.51, da kuma haɗin haƙuri wanda ke tsakanin 0.65 da 0.86.
|
Table 2. Sauƙaƙe tsakanin halayen hali da jima'i
Note. An kirkiro takardun sauƙaƙe ta amfani da bincike na Pearson. M: ma'ana; SD: Bambanci daidai.
**p <.01.
|
Table 3. Bayanin layi na layi game da halin mutuntaka don taimakawa wajen jima'i da jima'i
| Factor | B | SE B | β | t |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gaskiya | -1.45 | 0.45 | -0.23 ** | -3.24 |
| gaskiya | 1.23 | 0.42 | 0.18 ** | 2.96 |
| Neuroticism | 0.67 | 0.35 | 0.13 * | 1.92 |
| Aminci | -0.28 | 0.42 | -0.05 | -0.67 |
| Extraversion | -0.14 | 0.40 | -0.02 | -0.35 |
| R2 | .131 | |||
| F | 7.89 |
Lura. SE B: kuskuren kuskure na B; β: daidaitattun beta coefficient.
**p <.01. *p <.056.
Don ƙididdiga bambancin jinsi da kuma taimakawa ga abubuwan da suka shafi halayen jima'i da yawa, an yi nazari kan daidaitattun daidaituwa kuma samfurin ya bayyana 19.6% na bambancin jaraba da jima'i [F(6, 260) = 10.6, p <.0001]. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa maza ba su da ƙarfi (a4 = −0.47, p <.001) kuma mafi buɗewa don gogewa (a5 = 0.23, p <.001) fiye da mata. Bugu da kari, ƙananan lamiri (b3 = −1.42, p <.001) kuma mafi girma neuroticism (b4 = 1.36, p <.001) suna da alaƙa da mafi yawan jarabar jima'i. 95arfin ƙarfin amincewa na 10,000% na nuna bambanci bisa ga samfuran bootstrap XNUMX ya nuna cewa tasirin kai tsaye ta hanyar jijiyoyin jiki (a1b1 = 0.64), riƙe duk sauran abubuwan akai, ya kasance gaba ɗaya sama da sifili (0.25-1.15). Akasin haka, tasirin kai tsaye ta hanyar sauran manyan yankuna biyar, kamar haɓakawa, yarda, aiki, da buɗewa don gogewa, ba su da bambanci daga sifili (-0.05 zuwa 0.23, -0.07 zuwa 0.15, -0.10 zuwa 0.37, da kuma -0.42 zuwa 0.05, bi da bi). Bugu da ƙari, maza sun ba da rahoton yawancin jarabar jima'i ko da kuwa lokacin da suke la'akari da tasirin jinsi kai tsaye ta hanyar dukkan halayen mutum biyar (c'= 2.66, p <.001; Hoto 1). Gaba ɗaya, wannan tasirin ya nuna cewa ƙananan neuroticism yana haɗuwa da jima'i da jima'i a cikin maza maimakon mata.
Hoto 1. Misalin halayyar dabi'a a cikin dangantaka tsakanin jinsi da jima'i. Note. Duk abubuwan da aka gabatar da su ba su da kyau; an yana haifar da jinsi a kan halaye na mutuntaka, ana tsara mata kamar 0 da maza kamar 1; bn shi ne sakamakon hali na hali akan jaraba da jima'i; c yana da tasiri game da jinsi akan jima'i; c'yana da tasirin jinsi na jinsi akan jima'i. ***p <.0001. #p <.001
tattaunawa
Dalilin wannan binciken shine bincika dangantaka tsakanin hali da jima'i a cikin maza idan aka kwatanta da mata. Mun haɗu da shaidar da aka rigaya game da jima'i na jima'i a maza (Eisenman, Dantzker, da Ellis, 2004; Weinstein, Zolek, et al., 2015). Na biyu, mun gano cewa lamiri ya ba da gudummawa mara kyau ga ƙimar jarabar jima'i a cikin maza da mata. Wannan binciken yana cikin yarjejeniya tare da sakamakon da Schmitt et al suka ruwaito. (2004). Mun kuma gano cewa lamirin da ba shi da kyau ya ba da gudummawa game da jarabar jarabar jima'i ba tare da wasu dalilai ba, kamar yarda, ba kamar Schmitt et al ba. (2004) wanda ya gano cewa an yarda da abin da ya dace da jima'i da jima'i, kuma ba kamar Egan da Parmar (2013) wanda ya gano cewa a tsakanin maza da mata, masu ƙanƙantawa a cikin juyayi, yarda da ƙwarewa, da kuma ƙananan kudaden da ke tattare da neuroticism an haɗa su tare da mafi girma a kan SAST. Duk da haka, binciken da Egan da Parmar suka gudanar (2013) sunyi amfani da samfurin mutanen kirki bisa ga yawan jama'a.
Akwai bayanai daban-daban game da haɗuwa tsakanin ƙananan lamiri da jarabar jima'i. Wordecha et al. (2018) ya ruwaito cewa binge masturbation yana da alaka da rage rage yanayi, ƙara danniya, da damuwa. Ƙananan haɗin kai yana haɗuwa da ƙwaƙwalwar tunani da tunanin tunanin mutum (Reid & Masassaƙa, 2009). Yana da kyau cewa ƙungiyar da aka ruwaito a cikin wannan binciken shine sakamakon mummunan ƙwarewar yara da matsalolin da aka ɗora a haɗe ko kuma cewa jin daɗin jin daɗin da ke tattare da jima'i ya rage girman kwarewa (Gububbs, Perry, Wilt, & Reid, 2018). Nazarin tsawon lokaci na iya taimakawa wajen bunkasa wadannan batutuwa.
Sakamakon neuroticism a kan jima'i jima'i ya fi girma a cikin maza. Wannan binciken ya kasance daidai da binciken da ya gabata wanda ya nuna cewa neuroticism yana hade da haɗari da haɗari na haɗari game da jima'i (Hoyle, Fejfar, & Miller, 2000; Zuckerman & Kuhlman, 2000). Wasu dalilai irin su juyi da karimci ba su haɗu da jima'i a cikin wannan binciken ba, ko da yake wallafe-wallafe sun gano cewa haɓakawa da rashin daidaituwa suna da alaka da jima'i da jima'i (Karila et al., 2014).
Akwai ƙananan bincike game da hali da jima'i. Reid da Masassaƙi (2009) bincika bambance-bambance tsakanin namiji maza da mata marasa lafiya (n = 152) da kuma martani na rukuni na yau da kullun ga MMPI-2. Abubuwan da suka gano sun nuna cewa kusan dukkanin inganci da ma'aunin asibiti sun fi girma ga samfurin luwadi fiye da samfurin yau da kullun. Koyaya, waɗannan tsayin daka basu faɗi a cikin kewayon asibiti ba, kuma kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na yawan mutanen da aka gwada suna da bayanan martaba na yau da kullun. Mitocin asibiti na MMPI-2 tare da mafi ɗaukaka mafi yawa don yawan maza da mata masu haɗuwa sun haɗa da phobias, damuwa, tilas, ko damuwa mai yawa; psychopathic karkatacce wanda ke tattare da rashin daidaito na gaba ɗaya, rashin yarda don gano taron zamantakewar jama'a da ƙa'idodi, matsalolin rikice-rikice; da damuwa. Bugu da ƙari kuma, babu cikakken tallafi ga halayen jaraba ko sanya marasa lafiya azaman damuwa ko tilastawa, amma binciken binciken da suka yi ya ba da hujja don tallafawa ra'ayin cewa marasa lafiyar maza da mata ƙungiya ce ta mutane daban-daban. Wadannan binciken sunyi kama da na Levine (2010) bincikar bincike-bincike da yawa wanda ya sake yin la'akari da yanayin ilmin halin mutum tsakanin wadanda ke da halayyar jima'i. A takaice dai, sakamakon wannan binciken na iya zama da karfi game da fahimtar fahimtar halayyar dabi'a ta al'ada da kuma jima'i da jima'i. Sakamakon wannan binciken ya goyi bayan ra'ayin Griffiths (2017) wanda ya nuna cewa abubuwan halayen mutum ba zasu iya bayyana jaraba daya ba; Duk da haka, yana da sakamakon sakamako na biopsychosocial da ke shafar ƙwararrun ciki da waje. Wannan ƙaddamarwa yana goyon bayan binciken da aka yi kwanan nan wanda ya nuna cewa wasu dalilai irin su tunanin tunani (Grubbs et al., 2015) da kuma jima'i sune suka fi tsinkaye fiye da hali na halayyar halayyar halayen halayyar halayya (Rettenberger et al., 2016), ko da yake ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike don bayyana wannan batu.
gazawar
Babban iyakance a cikin wannan binciken shi ne dogara ga daukar ma'aikata ta hanyar yanar gizo na yanar gizo da kuma zamantakewar yanar gizo waɗanda ba su ba da tabbacin tabbatar da inganci ko amintacce ko kuma tunanin tunanin masu amsawa ba. Hanya na biyu ita ce ƙananan mayar da martani a tsakanin mata da aka gani a baya binciken (Weinstein, Zolek, et al., 2015). Bugu da ƙari kuma, wannan binciken ya danganta ne a kan ɓangaren giciye, rahotanni kai tsaye kuma sabili da haka yana iya zama abin takaici saboda bukatun zamantakewa. A ƙarshe, abubuwan halayen kawai sun bayyana wani ƙananan ƙananan (11%) na bambancin ra'ayi a cikin sharuddan jima'i da jima'i da suka bayyana 19.6% na cin zarafin jima'i. Wasu dalilai suna da muhimmanci wajen bayyana bambancin jita-jita game da jima'i. Yana yiwuwa sha'awar jima'i da tilasta shigar da yanar gizo don cybersex sun fi karfi a cikin hasashen jima'i na jima'i (Weinstein, Zolek, et al., 2015).
A ƙarshe, wannan binciken ya tabbatar da shaidar da ta gabata game da yawan jima'i na jima'i tsakanin maza idan aka kwatanta da mata (Weinstein, Zolek, et al., 2015). Har ila yau, ya nuna cewa abubuwan halayyar irin su (rashin fahimta da fahimta) sun ba da gudunmawar jima'i. Daga cikin mutane, neuroticism da aka hade tare da mafi girma karfin don jima'i buri. Ƙarin karatu za su iya bincika halin mutum da jima'i a tsakanin sauran al'ummomi, kamar su ma'aurata (mafi yawan samfurinmu ba a cikin dangantaka ba), mutanen addini, da 'yan luwadi (Bőthe, Bartók, et al., 2018).
Taimakon masu aiki
Dukkan wadanda aka rubuta a matsayin marubuta na takarda sun ba da gudummawa ga tsarin kimiyya wanda ya kai ga rubuta takardun. Mawallafa sun ba da gudummawa wajen tsarawa da tsara tsarin, aikin binciken, bincike da fassarar sakamakon, da kuma shirye-shiryen rubutun don wallafawa.
Rikici na sha'awa
Marubutan ba su da wata sha'awa ko ayyukan da za a iya gani suna tasiri tasirin bincike (misali, sha'awar kuɗi a cikin gwaji ko tsari da kuma tallafin kamfanoni na magunguna don bincike). Ba su bayar da rahoton wani rikici na sha'awa game da wannan binciken ba.
Godiya
An gabatar da wannan binciken a taron 4th ICBA a Haifa Isra'ila a cikin Fabrairu 2017.
References
